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        <h1>Sergey Konstantinov<br/><span class="title">The API</span></h1>
        <h2>Free e-book</h2>
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    <br />Subscribe for updates on <a class="github" href="https://github.com/twirl/The-API-Book"></a>
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<p>API-first development is one of the hottest technical topics nowadays since many companies have started to realize that APIs serves as a multiplier to their opportunities — but it amplifies the design mistakes as well.</p>
<p>This book is written to share expertise and describe best practices in designing and developing APIs. It comprises six sections dedicated to the following topics:</p>
<ul><li>— The API design</li>
<li>— API patterns</li>
<li>— Backward compatibility</li>
<li>— HTTP APIs & the REST architectural principles</li>
<li>— SDKs and UI libraries</li>
<li>— API product management.</ul>
<p>Illustration &amp; inspiration: <a href="https://www.instagram.com/art.mari.ka/">art.mari.ka</a>.</p>
<p>You might download ‘The API’ in <a href="API.en.pdf">PDF</a> / <a href="API.en.epub">EPUB</a> or <a href="API.en.html">read it online</a>.
</p>
<h3>Table of Contents</h3>
<ul class="toc"><li>
                <h4><a href="API.en.html#introduction">Introduction</a></h4>
                <ul class="section">
                    <li><a href="API.en.html#intro-structure">Chapter 1. On the Structure of This Book</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-api-definition">Chapter 2. The API Definition</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-api-quality">Chapter 3. API Quality Criteria</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-api-choosing-solutions">Chapter 4. Choosing Solutions for API Development</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-api-first-approach">Chapter 5. The API-First Approach</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-back-compat">Chapter 6. On Backward Compatibility</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-versioning">Chapter 7. On Versioning</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-terms-notation">Chapter 8. Terms and Notation Keys</a></li>
                            </ul>
            </li>
<li>
                <h4><a href="API.en.html#section-i-the-api-design">Section I. The API Design</a></h4>
                <ul class="section">
                    <li><a href="API.en.html#api-design-context-pyramid">Chapter 9. The API Contexts Pyramid</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-design-defining-field">Chapter 10. Defining an Application Field</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-design-separating-abstractions">Chapter 11. Separating Abstraction Levels</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-design-isolating-responsibility">Chapter 12. Isolating Responsibility Areas</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-design-describing-interfaces">Chapter 13. Describing Final Interfaces</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-design-annex">Chapter 14. Annex to Section I. Generic API Example</a></li>
                            </ul>
            </li>
<li>
                <h4><a href="API.en.html#section-ii-the-api-patterns">Section II. The API Patterns</a></h4>
                <ul class="section">
                    <li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-context">Chapter 15. On Design Patterns in the API Context</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-aa">Chapter 16. Authenticating Partners and Authorizing API Calls</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-sync-strategies">Chapter 17. Synchronization Strategies</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-weak-consistency">Chapter 18. Eventual Consistency</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-async">Chapter 19. Asynchronicity and Time Management</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-lists">Chapter 20. Lists and Accessing Them</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-push-vs-poll">Chapter 21. Bidirectional Data Flows. Push and Poll Models</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-async-event-processing">Chapter 22. Multiplexing Notifications. Asynchronous Event Processing</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-atomicity">Chapter 23. Atomicity of Bulk Changes</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-partial-updates">Chapter 24. Partial Updates</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-degrading">Chapter 25. Degradation and Predictability</a></li>
                            </ul>
            </li>
<li>
                <h4><a href="API.en.html#section-iii-the-backward-compatibility">Section III. The Backward Compatibility</a></h4>
                <ul class="section">
                    <li><a href="API.en.html#back-compat-statement">Chapter 26. The Backward Compatibility Problem Statement</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#back-compat-iceberg-waterline">Chapter 27. On the Waterline of the Iceberg</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#back-compat-abstracting-extending">Chapter 28. Extending through Abstracting</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#back-compat-strong-coupling">Chapter 29. Strong Coupling and Related Problems</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#back-compat-weak-coupling">Chapter 30. Weak Coupling</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#back-compat-universal-interfaces">Chapter 31. Interfaces as a Universal Pattern</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#back-compat-serenity-notepad">Chapter 32. The Serenity Notepad</a></li>
                            </ul>
            </li>
<li>
                <h4><a href="API.en.html#section-iv-http-apis-the-rest-architectural-principles">Section IV. HTTP APIs &amp; the REST Architectural Principles</a></h4>
                <ul class="section">
                    <li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-concepts">Chapter 33. On the HTTP API Concept. Paradigms of Developing Client-Server Communication</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-pros-and-cons">Chapter 34. Advantages and Disadvantages of HTTP APIs Compared to Alternative Technologies</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-rest-myth">Chapter 35. The REST Myth</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-requests-semantics">Chapter 36. Components of an HTTP Request and Their Semantics</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-rest-organizing">Chapter 37. Organizing HTTP APIs Based on the REST Principles</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-urls-crud">Chapter 38. Designing a Nomenclature of URLs. The CRUD Operations</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-errors">Chapter 39. Working with HTTP API Errors</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-final-recommendations">Chapter 40. Final Provisions and General Recommendations</a></li>
                            </ul>
            </li>
<li>
                <h4><a href="API.en.html#section-v-sdks-ui-libraries">Section V. SDKs &amp; UI Libraries</a></h4>
                <ul class="section">
                    <li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-toc-technology-overview">Chapter 41. On Terminology. An Overview of Technologies for UI Development</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-problems-solutions">Chapter 42. SDKs: Problems and Solutions</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-ui-components">Chapter 43. Problems of Introducing UI Components</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-decomposing">Chapter 44. Decomposing UI Components</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-mv-frameworks">Chapter 45. The MV* Frameworks</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-backend-driven">Chapter 46. The Backend-Driven UI</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-shared-resources">Chapter 47. Shared Resources and Asynchronous Locks</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-computed-properties">Chapter 48. Computed Properties</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-conclusion">Chapter 49. Conclusion</a></li>
                            </ul>
            </li>
<li>
                <h4><a href="API.en.html#section-vi-the-api-product">Section VI. The API Product</a></h4>
                <ul class="section">
                    <li><a href="API.en.html#api-product">Chapter 50. The API as a Product</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-business-models">Chapter 51. API Business Models</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-vision">Chapter 52. Developing a Product Vision</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-devrel">Chapter 53. Communicating with Developers</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-business-comms">Chapter 54. Communicating with Business Owners</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-lineup">Chapter 55. An API Services Lineup</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-kpi">Chapter 56. API Key Performance Indicators</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-antifraud">Chapter 57. Identifying Users and Preventing Fraud</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-tos-violations">Chapter 58. The Technical Means of Preventing ToS Violations</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-customer-support">Chapter 59. Supporting Customers</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-documentation">Chapter 60. Documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-testing">Chapter 61. Testing Environments</a></li>
<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-expectations">Chapter 62. Managing Expectations</a></li>
                            </ul>
            </li>
        <li><h4>Live Examples</h3>
            <ul class="section"><li><a href="examples/01. Decomposing UI Components/index.html">Decomposing UI Components</a></li>
            </ul>
        </li>
    </ul>
<p>This book is distributed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International licence</a>.</p>
<p>Source code available at <a href="https://github.com/twirl/The-API-Book">github.com/twirl/The-API-Book</a></p>
<h3><a name="about-author">About the Author</a></h3>
<section class="about-me">
    <aside><img src="https://konstantinov.cc/static/me.png"/><br/>Photo by <a href="https://linkedin.com/in/zloylos/">Denis Hananein</a></aside>
    <div class="content">
    <p>Sergey Konstantinov has been working with APIs for over a decade. He began his career as a software engineer in the Maps API division at Yandex and eventually became the head of the service. In this role, he was responsible for both technical architecture and product management.</p>
<p>During this tenure, Sergey gained unique experience in building world-class APIs with a daily audience of tens of millions, planning roadmaps for such a service, and delivering numerous public speeches. Additionaly, he served as a member of the W3C Technical Architecture Group for a year and a half.</p>
<p>After being nine years in Maps, Sergey transitioned to technical lead roles in other departments and companies. In these positions, he led integration efforts and was responsible for the technical architecture of entire business units. Currently, Sergey resides in Tallinn, Estonia, and works as a staff software engineer at Bolt.</p></div>
</section>
<p>Книгу «API» можно <a href="index.ru.html">читать по-русски</a>.</p>
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			`<h1>Sergey Konstantinov<br/><span class="title">The API</span></h1>`
			`<h2>Free e-book</h2>`
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			`<br />Subscribe for updates on <a class="github" href="https://github.com/twirl/The-API-Book"></a>`
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Leanpub & Gumroad added 2025-01-22 22:44:10 +02:00			`<br />Support this work: buy it on <a class="kindle" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B09RHH44S5/">Amazon Kindle</a> · <a class="apple" href="http://books.apple.com/us/book/id6467567700">Apple Books</a> · <a class="leanpub" href="https://leanpub.com/sergey-konstantinov-the-api/">Leanpub</a> · <a class="gumroad" href="https://twirl.gumroad.com/l/Sergey-Konstantinov-The-API">Gumroad</a>`
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			`<p>API-first development is one of the hottest technical topics nowadays since many companies have started to realize that APIs serves as a multiplier to their opportunities — but it amplifies the design mistakes as well.</p>`
fresh build 2023-05-28 20:06:49 +03:00			`<p>This book is written to share expertise and describe best practices in designing and developing APIs. It comprises six sections dedicated to the following topics:</p>`
typos & style fix 2023-04-25 10:35:00 +03:00			`<ul><li>— The API design</li>`
Introduction refactoring begin 2023-04-10 23:03:07 +03:00			`<li>— API patterns</li>`
grammar 2023-04-29 21:10:34 +03:00			`<li>— Backward compatibility</li>`
corrections 2023-07-02 20:53:18 +03:00			`<li>— HTTP APIs & the REST architectural principles</li>`
fresh build 2023-06-16 09:40:24 +03:00			`<li>— SDKs and UI libraries</li>`
Introduction refactoring begin 2023-04-10 23:03:07 +03:00			`<li>— API product management.</ul>`
About author 2022-07-31 15:08:37 +03:00			`<p>Illustration & inspiration: <a href="https://www.instagram.com/art.mari.ka/">art.mari.ka</a>.</p>`
The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<p>You might download ‘The API’ in <a href="API.en.pdf">PDF</a> / <a href="API.en.epub">EPUB</a> or <a href="API.en.html">read it online</a>.`
			`</p>`
			`<h3>Table of Contents</h3>`
			`<ul class="toc"><li>`
			`<h4><a href="API.en.html#introduction">Introduction</a></h4>`
various style improvements 2023-09-03 23:25:01 +03:00			`<ul class="section">`
The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-structure">Chapter 1. On the Structure of This Book</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-api-definition">Chapter 2. The API Definition</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-api-quality">Chapter 3. API Quality Criteria</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-api-choosing-solutions">Chapter 4. Choosing Solutions for API Development</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-api-first-approach">Chapter 5. The API-First Approach</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-back-compat">Chapter 6. On Backward Compatibility</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-versioning">Chapter 7. On Versioning</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#intro-terms-notation">Chapter 8. Terms and Notation Keys</a></li>`
new build script 2022-07-07 00:41:03 +03:00			`</ul>`
Landing Page 2022-06-23 23:28:55 +03:00			`</li>`
new build script 2022-07-07 00:41:03 +03:00			`<li>`
The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<h4><a href="API.en.html#section-i-the-api-design">Section I. The API Design</a></h4>`
various style improvements 2023-09-03 23:25:01 +03:00			`<ul class="section">`
The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-design-context-pyramid">Chapter 9. The API Contexts Pyramid</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-design-defining-field">Chapter 10. Defining an Application Field</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-design-separating-abstractions">Chapter 11. Separating Abstraction Levels</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-design-isolating-responsibility">Chapter 12. Isolating Responsibility Areas</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-design-describing-interfaces">Chapter 13. Describing Final Interfaces</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-design-annex">Chapter 14. Annex to Section I. Generic API Example</a></li>`
new build script 2022-07-07 00:41:03 +03:00			`</ul>`
Landing Page 2022-06-23 23:28:55 +03:00			`</li>`
new build script 2022-07-07 00:41:03 +03:00			`<li>`
The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<h4><a href="API.en.html#section-ii-the-api-patterns">Section II. The API Patterns</a></h4>`
various style improvements 2023-09-03 23:25:01 +03:00			`<ul class="section">`
The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-context">Chapter 15. On Design Patterns in the API Context</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-aa">Chapter 16. Authenticating Partners and Authorizing API Calls</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-sync-strategies">Chapter 17. Synchronization Strategies</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-weak-consistency">Chapter 18. Eventual Consistency</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-async">Chapter 19. Asynchronicity and Time Management</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-lists">Chapter 20. Lists and Accessing Them</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-push-vs-poll">Chapter 21. Bidirectional Data Flows. Push and Poll Models</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-async-event-processing">Chapter 22. Multiplexing Notifications. Asynchronous Event Processing</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-atomicity">Chapter 23. Atomicity of Bulk Changes</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-partial-updates">Chapter 24. Partial Updates</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-patterns-degrading">Chapter 25. Degradation and Predictability</a></li>`
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Landing Page 2022-06-23 23:28:55 +03:00			`</li>`
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The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<h4><a href="API.en.html#section-iii-the-backward-compatibility">Section III. The Backward Compatibility</a></h4>`
various style improvements 2023-09-03 23:25:01 +03:00			`<ul class="section">`
The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<li><a href="API.en.html#back-compat-statement">Chapter 26. The Backward Compatibility Problem Statement</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#back-compat-iceberg-waterline">Chapter 27. On the Waterline of the Iceberg</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#back-compat-abstracting-extending">Chapter 28. Extending through Abstracting</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#back-compat-strong-coupling">Chapter 29. Strong Coupling and Related Problems</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#back-compat-weak-coupling">Chapter 30. Weak Coupling</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#back-compat-universal-interfaces">Chapter 31. Interfaces as a Universal Pattern</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#back-compat-serenity-notepad">Chapter 32. The Serenity Notepad</a></li>`
The Second Edition structure prepared 2023-04-10 00:51:45 +03:00			`</ul>`
			`</li>`
			`<li>`
The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<h4><a href="API.en.html#section-iv-http-apis-the-rest-architectural-principles">Section IV. HTTP APIs & the REST Architectural Principles</a></h4>`
various style improvements 2023-09-03 23:25:01 +03:00			`<ul class="section">`
The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-concepts">Chapter 33. On the HTTP API Concept. Paradigms of Developing Client-Server Communication</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-pros-and-cons">Chapter 34. Advantages and Disadvantages of HTTP APIs Compared to Alternative Technologies</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-rest-myth">Chapter 35. The REST Myth</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-requests-semantics">Chapter 36. Components of an HTTP Request and Their Semantics</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-rest-organizing">Chapter 37. Organizing HTTP APIs Based on the REST Principles</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-urls-crud">Chapter 38. Designing a Nomenclature of URLs. The CRUD Operations</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-errors">Chapter 39. Working with HTTP API Errors</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#http-api-final-recommendations">Chapter 40. Final Provisions and General Recommendations</a></li>`
The Second Edition structure prepared 2023-04-10 00:51:45 +03:00			`</ul>`
			`</li>`
			`<li>`
The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<h4><a href="API.en.html#section-v-sdks-ui-libraries">Section V. SDKs & UI Libraries</a></h4>`
various style improvements 2023-09-03 23:25:01 +03:00			`<ul class="section">`
The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-toc-technology-overview">Chapter 41. On Terminology. An Overview of Technologies for UI Development</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-problems-solutions">Chapter 42. SDKs: Problems and Solutions</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-ui-components">Chapter 43. Problems of Introducing UI Components</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-decomposing">Chapter 44. Decomposing UI Components</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-mv-frameworks">Chapter 45. The MV* Frameworks</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-backend-driven">Chapter 46. The Backend-Driven UI</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-shared-resources">Chapter 47. Shared Resources and Asynchronous Locks</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-computed-properties">Chapter 48. Computed Properties</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#sdk-conclusion">Chapter 49. Conclusion</a></li>`
The Second Edition structure prepared 2023-04-10 00:51:45 +03:00			`</ul>`
			`</li>`
			`<li>`
The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<h4><a href="API.en.html#section-vi-the-api-product">Section VI. The API Product</a></h4>`
various style improvements 2023-09-03 23:25:01 +03:00			`<ul class="section">`
The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product">Chapter 50. The API as a Product</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-business-models">Chapter 51. API Business Models</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-vision">Chapter 52. Developing a Product Vision</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-devrel">Chapter 53. Communicating with Developers</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-business-comms">Chapter 54. Communicating with Business Owners</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-lineup">Chapter 55. An API Services Lineup</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-kpi">Chapter 56. API Key Performance Indicators</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-antifraud">Chapter 57. Identifying Users and Preventing Fraud</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-tos-violations">Chapter 58. The Technical Means of Preventing ToS Violations</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-customer-support">Chapter 59. Supporting Customers</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-documentation">Chapter 60. Documentation</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-testing">Chapter 61. Testing Environments</a></li>`
			`<li><a href="API.en.html#api-product-expectations">Chapter 62. Managing Expectations</a></li>`
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The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<li><h4>Live Examples</h3>`
			`<ul class="section"><li><a href="examples/01. Decomposing UI Components/index.html">Decomposing UI Components</a></li>`
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			`</li>`
new build script 2022-07-07 00:41:03 +03:00			`</ul>`
The book completely rebuilt with book-builder v1 2025-01-21 23:39:37 +02:00			`<p>This book is distributed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International licence</a>.</p>`
			`<p>Source code available at <a href="https://github.com/twirl/The-API-Book">github.com/twirl/The-API-Book</a></p>`
			`<h3><a name="about-author">About the Author</a></h3>`
			`<section class="about-me">`
			`<aside><img src="https://konstantinov.cc/static/me.png"/><br/>Photo by <a href="https://linkedin.com/in/zloylos/">Denis Hananein</a></aside>`
			`<div class="content">`
			`<p>Sergey Konstantinov has been working with APIs for over a decade. He began his career as a software engineer in the Maps API division at Yandex and eventually became the head of the service. In this role, he was responsible for both technical architecture and product management.</p>`
fresh build 2023-05-28 20:06:49 +03:00			`<p>During this tenure, Sergey gained unique experience in building world-class APIs with a daily audience of tens of millions, planning roadmaps for such a service, and delivering numerous public speeches. Additionaly, he served as a member of the W3C Technical Architecture Group for a year and a half.</p>`
			`<p>After being nine years in Maps, Sergey transitioned to technical lead roles in other departments and companies. In these positions, he led integration efforts and was responsible for the technical architecture of entire business units. Currently, Sergey resides in Tallinn, Estonia, and works as a staff software engineer at Bolt.</p></div>`
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			`<p>Книгу «API» можно <a href="index.ru.html">читать по-русски</a>.</p>`
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			`</html>`