Moving to YAML allows the configuration data to be read by C programs.
Also go back to using YAML::XS since it is the only implementation that has proper boolean support.
Up to four repositories may be configured. A potential benefit is the ability to have a local repository for fast restores and a remote repository for redundancy.
Some commands, e.g. stanza-create/stanza-update, will automatically work with all configured repositories while others, e.g. stanza-delete, will require a repository to be specified using the repo option. See the command reference for details on which commands require the repository to be specified.
Note that the repo option is not required when only repo1 is configured in order to maintain backward compatibility. However, the repo option is required when a single repo is configured as, e.g. repo2. This is to prevent command breakage if a new repository is added later.
The archive-push command will always push WAL to the archive in all configured repositories but backups will need to be scheduled individually for each repository. In many cases this is desirable since backup types and retention will vary by repository. Likewise, restores must specify a repository. It is generally better to specify a repository for restores that has low latency/cost even if that means more recovery time. Only restore testing can determine which repository will be most efficient.
For single repository configurations there should be no change in behavior.
The following options are renamed as specified:
repo1-azure-ca-file -> repo1-storage-ca-file
repo1-azure-ca-path -> repo1-storage-ca-path
repo1-azure-host -> repo1-storage-host
repo1-azure-port -> repo1-storage-port
repo1-azure-verify-tls -> repo1-storage-verify-tls
repo1-s3-ca-file -> repo1-storage-ca-file
repo1-s3-ca-path -> repo1-storage-ca-path
repo1-s3-host -> repo1-storage-host
repo1-s3-port -> repo1-storage-port
repo1-s3-verify-tls -> repo1-storage-verify-tls
The old option names (e.g. repo1-s3-port) will continue to work for repo1, but repo2, etc. will require the new names.
Repositories will be searched in order for the requested archive file.
Errors will be reported as warnings as long as a valid copy of the archive file is found.
Errors are logged to the log file rather than thrown. If, after processing all repos, one or more errors occurred, then a single error error will be thrown to indicate there were errors and the log file should be inspected.
Also update log messages to be more consistent with new patterns.
This allows the config path to be modified with a parameter to the configure script, though this commit does not do that.
Update the Perl code generator to allow literals so that defaults can be C defines rather than static strings.
YAML::XS requires libyaml so it not as portable as pure Perl versions of YAML.
Instead of using YAML:PP just use the general YAML::Any module which uses whatever is installed. We are not concerned about performance for YAML so whatever works is fine.
Multi-repository implementations for the archive-push, check, info, stanza-create, stanza-upgrade, and stanza-delete commands.
Multi-repo configuration is disabled so there should be no behavioral changes between these commands and their current single-repo implementations.
Multi-repo documentation and integration tests are still in the multi-repo development branch. All unit tests work as multi-repo since they are able to bypass the configuration restrictions.
These options specify the number of local worker job retries and the retry interval after one immediate retry.
There is some value in allowing retries to be specified by the user but for the most part these options are for suppressing retries during testing, which can save a lot of time. The bug introduced in d1d25c7 and fixed in 8b86d5e also suggests it is better not to use retries in tests.
Remove the default delayed retries for archive-get/archive-push, leaving only the immediate retry. These commands are retried by PostgreSQL so it doesn't make sense to do too many retries internally.
These options are currently internal.
The pg option only has one current usage, to let the backup local know which pg index it should copy files from.
There are other possible uses for this option, but they need thought, tests, and documentation.
This option was added in advance of the multi-repo functionality but it has no purpose and it is not clear what the validity rules should be.
The option will be added back when multi-repo functionality is committed.
This was a hack to prevent the remote from loading host settings, which is now handled by option validity for command roles.
These options are still useful so don't remove them, but do leave them internal for now.
Building on 23f5712, limit option validity by role. This is mostly for options that weren't needed for certain roles but were harmless. However, the upcoming multi repository functionality requires the granularity implemented here.
The remote role benefits since host options can automatically excluded when building the options. Also, many options that are only required for the default role (e.g. repo-retention-full) no longer need to be passed in tests for other roles.
Validity by command was not granular enough so numerous options needed be marked internal so users would not stumble across them. Options were also needlessly being passed to roles that had no use for them.
Introduce per-role validity lists that depend on what roles are valid per command. Also add a check to ensure that only valid roles are used with a command.
This commit adds the functionality but does not introduce any new behavior, i.e. all options are valid for all roles that the command is valid for. A subsequent commit will introduce the new role restrictions to make the changes easier to audit.
Data required for parsing was spread between the config and defined modules, mostly for historical reasons because the same data was used by Perl.
Requiring all the parse rules to be accessed with function interfaces makes the code more complicated and new rules harder to implement.
Instead, move the data to the parse module so in the most complex cases no interface functions are needed. This reduces the total amount of code and paves the way for more complex parse rules.
The help data can be represented more compactly in a pack and this separates data needed for help from data needed for parsing, freeing each to have a more appropriate representation.
The C code does not use doubles to represent seconds like the Perl code did so time can be represented as an integer which reduces the number of data types that config has to understand.
Also remove Variant doubles since they are no longer used.
Note that not all double code was removed since we still need to display times to the user in seconds and it is possible for the times to be fractional. In the future this will likely be simplified by storing the original user input and using that value when the time needs to be displayed.
Refactor the code to allow a dynamic number of indexes for indexed options, e.g. pg-path. Our reliance on getopt_long() still limits the number of indexes we can have per group, but once this limitation is removed the rest of the code should be happy with dynamic numbers of indexes (with a reasonable maximum).
Add an option to set a default in each group. This was previously handled by the host-id option but now there is a specific option for each group, pg and repo. These remain internal until they can be fully tested with multi-repo support. They are fully tested for internal usage.
Remove the ConfigDefineOption enum and use the ConfigOption enum instead. They are now equal since the indexed options (e.g. cfgOptRepoHost2) have been removed from ConfigOption.
Remove the config/config test module and add required tests to the config/parse test module. Parsing is now the only way to load a config so this removes some redundancy.
Split new internal config structures and functions into a new header file, config.intern.h. More functions will need to be moved over from config.h but that will need to be done in a future commit to reduce churn.
Add repoIdx to repoIsLocal() and storageRepo*(). Multi-repository support requires that repo locality and storage be accessible by index. This allows, for example, multiple repos to be iterated in a loop. This could be done in a separate commit but doesn't seem worth it since the code is related.
Remove the type parameter from storageRepoGet(). This parameter existed solely to provide coverage for the case where the storage type was invalid. A better pattern is to check that the type is S3 once all other types have been ruled out.
Improve locking on remote processes by introducing an exec-id that is unique to the main process and passed to all remote processes. This allows the remote processes to determine if a lock is held by a remote from the same main process. If so, the lock is allowed.
The exec-id is also useful for associating remote logs with main logs for debugging purposes.
cfgOptionId() did not recognize deprecated options which made the help command throw errors when they were specified on the command line. cfgParseOption() will correctly identify deprecated options.
cfgParseOption() can also be used in cfgParse() to reduce code duplication when parsing info out of the option value returned by optionFind().
Finally, code the option key index separately in parse.auto.c. For now they are simply added back together but future code will need them separated.
This has always been equivalent to the ConfigCommand enum so it just adds complexity.
It was created for symmetry with ConfigDefineOption, which will also be removed soon.
These constants don't scale well as the index total is increased for an option.
The core code rarely uses these options and they are easily replaced with cfgOptionName().
The tests had started to make use of the constants, so provide functions that build the option name from the optionId and, optionally, the optionKey.
Group related options together so operations (e.g. valid, test, index total) can be performed on all options in the group.
Previously, options at the top of the hierarchy of the related options were used to do these tests. This was prone to error as option relationships changed and it was not always clear which option (or options) should be used.
Scan the WAL archive for missing or invalid files and build up ranges of WAL that will be used to verify backup integrity. A number of errors and warnings are currently emitted but they should not be considered authoritative (yet).
The command is incomplete so is marked internal.
When restoring a cluster that will be promoted but is not intended to be the new primary, it is important to disable archiving to avoid polluting the repository with useless WAL. This option makes disabling archiving a bit easier.
Automatically retrieve the role and temporary credentials for S3 when the AWS instance is associated with an IAM role. Credentials are automatically updated when they are <= 5 minutes from expiring.
Basic configuration is to set repo1-s3-key-type=auto. repo1-s3-role can be used to set a specific role, otherwise it will be retrieved automatically.
A shared access signature (SAS) provides granular, delegated access to resources in a storage account. This is often preferable to using a shared key which provides more access and is a greater security risk if compromised.
Azure and Azure-compatible object stores can now be used for repository storage.
Currently only shared key authentication is supported but SAS will be added soon.
The purpose of the remote command is to get access to local resources, so a remote should never start another remote. However, this could happen if there were host settings on the remote host, which ended badly with lock errors, loops, etc.
Add pg-local and repo-local options to indicate that the resource is local even if there are host settings.
Note that for the time being these options are internal and not intended for general usage. However, this is likely the direction needed to allow for more symmetric and manageable configurations.
The prior default was determined by benchmarking the Perl code prior to the 1.0 release. In general buffer allocation was more expensive in Perl so large buffers gave the best performance. This was due to multiple buffer allocations for each filter in an IO operation.
The C code allocates fixed buffers for each IO operation so the cost for buffer allocation is lower than Perl. That being the case it made sense to benchmark the C code to determine the optimal buffer default.
The performance/storage tests were used to measure the performance of a variety of filters. 1GiB of data was processed by each filter 10 times and the results of the tests were averaged.
While most buffer sizes gave similar performance, 1MiB appeared to perform the best overall. Of course, different architectures are likely to yield different results but this seems like a sensible default. The buffer-size option may still need to be manually configured to give optimal results.
Raw test data for reference:
4MB buffer (prior default)
copy time 1807ms, avg time 180ms, avg throughput: 5942MB/s
md5 time 14200ms, avg time 1420ms, avg throughput: 756MB/s
sha1 time 11431ms, avg time 1143ms, avg throughput: 939MB/s
sha256 time 23463ms, avg time 2346ms, avg throughput: 457MB/s
gzip -6 time 381199ms, avg time 38119ms, avg throughput: 28MB/s
lz4 -1 time 15484ms, avg time 1548ms, avg throughput: 693MB/s
1MB buffer (new default)
copy time 1760ms, avg time 176ms, avg throughput: 6100MB/s
md5 time 13739ms, avg time 1373ms, avg throughput: 781MB/s
sha1 time 11025ms, avg time 1102ms, avg throughput: 973MB/s
sha256 time 22539ms, avg time 2253ms, avg throughput: 476MB/s
gzip -6 time 372995ms, avg time 37299ms, avg throughput: 28MB/s
lz4 -1 time 15118ms, avg time 1511ms, avg throughput: 710MB/s
512K buffer
copy time 1782ms, avg time 178ms, avg throughput: 6025MB/s
md5 time 13724ms, avg time 1372ms, avg throughput: 782MB/s
sha1 time 10959ms, avg time 1095ms, avg throughput: 979MB/s
sha256 time 22982ms, avg time 2298ms, avg throughput: 467MB/s
gzip -6 time 378120ms, avg time 37812ms, avg throughput: 28MB/s
lz4 -1 time 15484ms, avg time 1548ms, avg throughput: 693MB/s
256K buffer
copy time 1805ms, avg time 180ms, avg throughput: 5948MB/s
md5 time 13706ms, avg time 1370ms, avg throughput: 783MB/s
sha1 time 11074ms, avg time 1107ms, avg throughput: 969MB/s
sha256 time 22588ms, avg time 2258ms, avg throughput: 475MB/s
gzip -6 time 372645ms, avg time 37264ms, avg throughput: 28MB/s
lz4 -1 time 16346ms, avg time 1634ms, avg throughput: 656MB/s
The --repo-retention-full-type option allows retention of full backups based on a time period, specified in days.
The new option will default to 'count' and therefore will not affect current installations. Setting repo-retention-full-type to 'time' will allow the user to use a time period, in days, to indicate full backup retention. Using this method, a full backup can be expired only if the time the backup completed is older than the number of days set with repo-retention-full (calculated from the moment the 'expire' command is run) and at least one full backup meets the retention period. If archive retention has not been configured, then the default settings will expire archives that are prior to the oldest retained full backup. For example, if there are three full backups ending in times that are 25 days old (F1), 20 days old (F2) and 10 days old (F3), then if the full retention period is 15 days, then only F1 will be expired; F2 will be retained because F1 is not at least 15 days old.
bzip2 is a widely available, high-quality data compressor. It typically compresses files to within 10% to 15% of the best available techniques (the PPM family of statistical compressors), while being around twice as fast at compression and six times faster at decompression.
bzip2 is currently available on all supported platforms.
Zstandard is a fast lossless compression algorithm targeting real-time compression scenarios at zlib-level and better compression ratios. It's backed by a very fast entropy stage, provided by Huff0 and FSE library.
Zstandard version >= 1.0 is required, which is generally only available on newer distributions.
The specified backup set (i.e. the backup label provided and all of its dependent backups, if any) will be expired regardless of backup retention rules except that at least one full backup must remain in the repository.
