Three major changes were required to get this working:
1) Provide the path to pgbackrest in the build directory when running outside a container. Tests in a container will continue to install and run against /usr/bin/pgbackrest.
1) Set a per-test lock path so tests don't conflict on the default /tmp/pgbackrest path. Also set a per-test log-path while we are at it.
2) Use localhost instead of a custom host for TLS test connections. Tests in containers will continue to update /etc/hosts and use the custom host.
Add infrastructure and update harnessCfgLoad*() to get the correct exe and paths loaded for testing.
Since new tests are required to verify that running outside a container works, also rework the tests in Travis CI to provide coverage within a reasonable amount of time. Mainly, break up to doc tests by VM and run an abbreviated unit test suite on co6 and co7.
Recovery settings are now written into postgresql.auto.conf instead of recovery.conf. Existing recovery_target* settings will be commented out to help avoid conflicts.
A comment is added before recovery settings to identify them as written by pgBackRest since it is unclear how, in general, old settings will be removed.
recovery.signal and standby.signal are automatically created based on the recovery settings.
The additional details include databases that can be used for selective restore and a list of tablespaces and symlinks with their default destinations.
This information is not included in the JSON output because it requires reading the manifest which is too IO intensive to do for all manifests. We plan to include this information for JSON in a future release.
Scaling allows the starting values to be increased from the command-line without code changes.
Also suppress valgrind and assertions when running performance testing. Optimization is left at -O0 because we should not be depending on compiler optimizations to make our code performant, and it makes profiling more informative.
bsearch() is far more efficient than an iterative approach except in the most trivial cases.
For now insert will reset the sort order to none and the list will need to be resorted before bsearch() can be used. This is necessary because item pointers are not stable after a sort, i.e. they can move around. Until lists are stable it's not a good idea to surprise the caller by mixing up their pointers on insert.
PostgreSQL 12 will shutdown in these cases which seems to be the correct action (according to the documentation) when hot_standby = off, but older versions are promoting instead. Set target_action explicitly so all versions will behave the same way.
This does beg the question of whether the PostgreSQL 12 behavior is wrong (though it matches the docs) or the previous versions are.
Separate the generation of recovery values and formatting them into recovery.conf format. This is generally a good idea, but also makes the code ready to deal with a different recovery file in PostgreSQL 12.
Also move the recovery file logic out of cmdRestore() into restoreRecoveryWrite().
This restore type automatically adds standby_mode=on to recovery.conf.
This could be accomplished previously by setting --recovery-option=standby_mode=on but PostgreSQL 12 requires standby mode to be enabled by a special file named standby.signal.
The new restore type allows us to maintain a common interface between PostgreSQL versions.
For the most part this is a direct migration of the Perl code into C.
There is one important behavioral change with regard to how file permissions are handled. The Perl code tried to set ownership as it was in the manifest even when running as an unprivileged user. This usually just led to errors and frustration.
The C code works like this:
If a restore is run as a non-root user (the typical scenario) then all files restored will belong to the user/group executing pgBackRest. If existing files are not owned by the executing user/group then an error will result if the ownership cannot be updated to the executing user/group. In that case the file ownership will need to be updated by a privileged user before the restore can be retried.
If a restore is run as the root user then pgBackRest will attempt to recreate the ownership recorded in the manifest when the backup was made. Only user/group names are stored in the manifest so the same names must exist on the restore host for this to work. If the user/group name cannot be found locally then the user/group of the PostgreSQL data directory will be used and finally root if the data directory user/group cannot be mapped to a name.
Reviewed by Cynthia Shang.
This macro displays a title for each test. A test frequently has multiple parts and it was hard to tell which subparts went together. We used ad hoc indentation to do this.
Anything that is a not a title is automatically indented so manually indenting is not longer needed. This should make the tests and the test output easier to read.
These macros encapsulate the functionality provided by direct calls to harnessLogResult() and system(). They both have _FMT() variants.
The primary advantage is that {[path]}, {[user]}, and {[group]} will be replaced with the test path, user, and group respectively. This saves a log of strNewFmt() calls and makes the tests less noisy.
The backup manifest stores a complete list of all files, links, and paths in a backup along with metadata such as checksums, sizes,
timestamps, etc. A list of databases is also included for selective restore.
The purpose of the manifest is to allow the restore command to confidently reconstruct the PostgreSQL data directory and ensure that
nothing is missing or corrupt. It is also useful for reporting, e.g. size of backup, backup time, etc.
For now, migrate enough functionality to implement the restore command.
Reviewed by Cynthia Shang.
cfgExecParam() was originally written to provide options for remote processes. Remotes processes do not have access to the local config so it was necessary to pass every non-default option.
Local processes on the other hand, e.g. archive-get, archive-get-async, archive-push-async, and local, do have access to the local config and therefore don't need every parameter to be passed on the command-line. The previous way was not wrong, but it was overly verbose and did not align with the way Perl had worked.
Update cfgExecParam() to accept a local option which excludes options from the command line which can be read from local configs.
strPathAbsolute() generates an absolute path from an absolute base path and an absolute/relative path.
strLstRemoveIdx() is a support function based on lstRemoveIdx().
In general we don't care about path and link times since they are easily recreated when restoring.
So, outside of storageInfo() we don't need to bother testing them.
Loading jobs in advance uses a lot of memory in the case that there are millions of jobs to be performed. We haven't seen this yet, but with backup and restore on the horizon it will become the norm.
Instead, use a callback so that jobs are only created as they are needed and can be freed as soon as they are completed.
These features finally make the ls command practical.
Currently the JSON contains only name, type, and size. We may add more fields in the future, but these seem like the minimum needed to be useful.
This warning gives very unpredictable results between compiler versions and seems unrealistic since most of our structs are zeroed for initialization.
This warning has been disabled in the Makefile for a long time.
Broken vendor packages have been causing builds to break due to an error on apt-get update.
Ignore errors and proceed directory to apt-get install. It's possible that we'll try to reference an expired package version and get an error anyway, but that seems better than a guaranteed hard error.
Push the responsibility for sort and find down to the List object by introducing a general comparator function that can be used for both sorting and finding.
Update insert and add functions to return the item added rather than the list. This is more useful in the core code, though numerous updates to the tests were required.
Update StorageWritePosix to use the new functions.
A side effect is that storageWritePosixOpen() will no longer error when the user/group name does not exist. It will simply retain the original user/group, i.e. the user that executed the restore.
In general this is a feature since completing a restore is more important than setting permissions exactly from the source host. However, some notification of this omission to the user would be beneficial.
Travis will timeout after 10 minutes with no output. Emit a warning every 5 minutes to keep Travis alive and increase the total timeout to 20 minutes.
Documentation builds have been timing out a lot recently so hopefully this will help.
The control and catalog versions were stored a variety of places in the optimistic hope that they would be useful. In fact they never were.
We can't remove them from the backup.info and backup.manifest files due to backwards compatibility concerns, but we can at least avoid loading and storing them in C structures.
Add functions to the PostgreSQL interface which will return the control and catalog versions for any supported version of PostgreSQL to allow backwards compatibility for backup.info and backup.manifest. These functions will be useful in other ways, e.g. generating the tablespace identifier in PostgreSQL >= 9.0.
Info files required three copies in memory to be loaded (the original string, an ini representation, and the final info object). Not only was this memory inefficient but the Ini object does sequential scans when searching for keys making large files very slow to load.
This has not been an issue since archive.info and backup.info are very small, but it becomes a big deal when loading manifests with hundreds of thousands of files.
Instead of holding copies of the data in memory, use a callback to deliver the ini data directly to the object when loading. Use a similar method for save to avoid having an intermediate copy. Save is a bit complex because sections/keys must be written in alpha order or older versions of pgBackRest will not calculate the correct checksum.
Also move the load retry logic to helper functions rather than embedding it in the Info object. This allows for more flexibility in loading and ensures that stack traces will be available when developing unit tests.
Reviewed by Cynthia Shang.
The manifest is not an info file so if anything it should be called backupManifest. But that seems too long for such a commonly used object so manifest seems better.
Note that unlike Perl there is no storage manifest method so this stands as the only manifest in the C code, as befits its importance.
Bug Fixes:
* Improve slow manifest build for very large quantities of tables/segments. (Reported by Jens Wilke.)
* Fix exclusions for special files. (Reported by CluelessTechnologist, Janis Puris, Rachid Broum.)
Improvements:
* The stanza-create/update/delete commands are implemented entirely in C. (Contributed by Cynthia Shang.)
* The start/stop commands are implemented entirely in C. (Contributed by Cynthia Shang.)
* Create log directories/files with 0750/0640 mode. (Suggested by Damiano Albani.)
Documentation Bug Fixes:
* Fix yum.p.o package being installed when custom package specified. (Reported by Joe Ayers, John Harvey.)
Documentation Improvements:
* Build pgBackRest as an unprivileged user. (Suggested by Laurenz Albe.)
This test is commonly used for sanity checking but the combination of S3 and encryption makes it hard to use and encourages temporary changes to make it usable.
Acknowledge this and disable S3 and encryption for this test and move them to mock/all/2.
ioReadLine() errors on eof because it has previously been used only for protocol reads.
Returning on eof is handy for reading lines from files where eof is not considered an error.
Prior to 2.16 the Perl manifest code would skip any file that began with a dot. This was not intentional but it allowed PostgreSQL socket files to be located in the data directory. The new C code in 2.16 did not have this unintentional exclusion so socket files in the data directory caused errors.
Worse, the file type error was being thrown before the exclusion check so there was really no way around the issue except to move the socket files out of the data directory.
Special file types (e.g. socket, pipe) will now be automatically skipped and a warning logged to notify the user of the exclusion. The warning can be suppressed with an explicit --exclude.
Reported by CluelessTechnologist, Janis Puris, Rachid Broum.
In versions <= 2.15 the old regexp caused any file or directory beginning with . to be ignored during a backup. This has caused behavioral differences in 2.16 because the new C code correctly excludes ./.. directories.
This Perl code is only used for testing now, but it should still match the output of the C functions.
Putting the checksum at the beginning of the file made it impossible to stream the file out when saving. The entire file had to be held in memory while it was checksummed so the checksum could be written at the beginning.
Instead place the checksum at the end. This does not break the existing Perl or C code since the read is not order dependent.
There are no plans to improve the Perl code to take advantage of this change, but it will make the C implementation more efficient.
Reviewed by Cynthia Shang.
Checking the PostgreSQL-reported path and version against the pgBackRest configuration helps ensure that pgBackRest is operating against the correct cluster.
In Perl this functionality was in the Db object, but check seems like a better place for it in C.
Contributed by Cynthia Shang.
Previously the host id to use was pulled from the host-id option or defaulted to 1.
The stanza, check, and backup commands will all need the ability to address a specified pg host, so add functions to make that possible.
Previously, info files (e.g. archive.info, backup.info) were created in Perl and only loaded in C.
The upcoming stanza commands in C need to create these files so refactor the Info* objects to allow new, empty objects to be created. Also, add functions needed to initialize each Info* object to a valid state.
Contributed by Cynthia Shang.
Previously storageLocal() was being used internally but loading pg_control from remote storage is often required.
Also, storagePg() is more appropriate than storageLocal() for all current usage.
Contributed by Cynthia Shang.
The pg1-socket-path and pg1-port options were not being reset when options from a higher index were being pushed down for processing by a remote. Since remotes only talk to one cluster they always use the options in index 1. This requires moving options from the original index to 1 before starting the remote. All options already set on index 1 must be removed if they are not being overwritten.
Processing large datasets in a memory context can lead to high memory usage and long allocation times. Add a new MEM_CONTEXT_TEMP_RESET_BEGIN() macro that allows temp allocations to be automatically freed after N iterations.
Calculate the most common value in a list of variants. If there is a tie then the first value passed to mcvUpdate() wins.
mcvResult() can be called multiple times because it does not end processing, but there is a cost to calculating the result each time
since it is not stored.
"null" is not allowed in the manifest format (null values should be missing instead) but Perl was treating the invalid values written by this test as if they were missing.
Update the test code to remove the values rather than setting them to "null".
Logging stayed in the backup log until the Perl code started. Fix this so it logs to the correct file and will still work after the Perl code is removed.
The Perl versions remain because they are still being used by the Perl stanza commands. Once the stanza commands are migrated they can be removed.
Contributed by Cynthia Shang.
Bug Fixes:
* Retry S3 RequestTimeTooSkewed errors instead of immediately terminating. (Reported by sean0101n, Tim Garton, Jesper St John, Aleš Zelený.)
* Fix incorrect handling of transfer-encoding response to HEAD request. (Reported by Pavel Suderevsky.)
* Fix scoping violations exposed by optimizations in gcc 9. (Reported by Christian Lange, Ned T. Crigler.)
Features:
* Add repo-s3-port option for setting a non-standard S3 service port.
Improvements:
* The local command for backup is implemented entirely in C. (Contributed by David Steele, Cynthia Shang.)
* The check command is implemented partly in C. (Reviewed by Cynthia Shang.)
Implement switch WAL and archive check in C but leave the rest in Perl for now.
The main idea was to have some real integration tests for the new database code so the rest of the migration can wait.
Reviewed by Cynthia Shang.
Migrate functionality from the Perl Db module to C. For now this is just enough to implement the WAL switch check.
Add the dbGet() helper function to get Db objects easily.
Create macros in harnessPq to make writing pq scripts easier by grouping commonly used functions together.
Reviewed by Cynthia Shang.
The cause of this error seems to be that a failed request takes so long that a subsequent retry at the http level uses outdated headers.
We're not sure if pgBackRest it to blame here (in one case a kernel downgrade fixed it, in another case an incorrect network driver was the problem) so add retries to hopefully deal with the issue if it is not too persistent. If SSL_write() has long delays before reporting an error then this will obviously affect backup performance.
Reported by sean0101n, Tim Garton, Jesper St John, Aleš Zelený.
Error codes were not being caught for SSL_write() so it was hard to see exactly what was happening in error cases. Report errors to aid in debugging.
Also add a retry for SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ. Even though we have not been able to reproduce this case it is required by SSL_write() so go ahead and implement it.
Multiple PostgreSQL hosts were supported via the host-id option but there are cases where it is useful to be able to directly specify the host id required, e.g. to iterate through pg* hosts when looking for candidate primaries and standbys during backup.
Keep trying to locate the WAL segment until timeout. This is useful for the check and backup commands which must wait for segments to arrive in the archive.
The remotes have their own config options (repo-host-config, etc.) so don't pass the local config* options.
This was a regression from the behavior of the Perl code and while there have been no field reports it caused breakage on test systems with multiple configurations.
Sometimes it is useful to get at the internals of a module that is not being tested for coverage in order to provide coverage for another module that is being tested. The include directive allows this.
Update modules that had previously been added to coverage that only need to be included.
If this option is set then ports appended to repo-s3-endpoint or repo-s3-host will be ignored.
Setting this option explicitly may be the only way to use a bare ipv6 address with S3 (since multiple colons confuse the parser) but we plan to improve this in the future.
This direct interface to libpq allows simple queries to be run against PostgreSQL and supports timeouts.
Testing is performed using a shim that can use scripted responses to test all aspects of the client code. The shim will be very useful for testing backup scenarios on complex topologies.
Reviewed by Cynthia Shang.
The local process is now entirely migrated to C. Since all major I/O operations are performed in the local process, the vast majority of I/O is now performed in C.
Contributed by David Steele, Cynthia Shang.
Add bool, array, and int64 as valid array subtypes.
Pretty print for the array subtype is not correct but is currently not in use (this can be seen at line 328 in typeJsonTest.c).
Discard all data passed to the filter. Useful for calculating size/checksum on a remote system when no data needs to be returned.
Update ioReadDrain() to automatically use the IoSink filter.
The HTTP server can use either content-length or transfer-encoding to indicate that there is content in the response. HEAD requests do not include content but return all the same headers as GET. In the HEAD case we were ignoring content-length but not transfer-encoding which led to unexpected eof errors on AWS S3. Our test server, minio, uses content-length so this was not caught in integration testing.
Ignore all content for HEAD requests (no matter how it is reported) and add a unit test for transfer-encoding to prevent a regression.
Found by Pavel Suderevsky.
This feature denotes storage that can compress files so that they take up less space than what was written. Currently this includes the Posix and CIFS drivers. The stored size of the file will be rechecked after write to determine if the reported size is different. This check would be wasted on object stores such as S3, and they might not report the file as existing immediately after write.
Also add tests to each storage driver to check features.
Previously only a single filter could be pushed to the remote since order was not being maintained. Now the filters are strictly ordered.
Results are returned from the remote and set in the local IoFilterGroup so they can be retrieved.
Expand remote filter support to include all filters.
Read all data from an IoRead object and discard it. This is handy for calculating size, hash, etc. when the output is not needed.
Update code where a loop was used before.
For offline backups the upper bound was being set to 0x0000FFFF0000FFFF rather than UINT64_MAX. This meant that page checksum errors might be ignored for databases with a lot of past WAL in offline mode.
Online mode is not affected since the upper bound is retrieved from pg_start_backup().
Files (especially build.auto.h) were being removed and forcing a full build between separate invocations of test.pl.
This affected ad-hoc testing at the command-line, not a full test run in CI.
This analysis never produced anything but false positives (var might be NULL) but took over a minute per test run and added 600MB to the test container.
Since 2.91 JSON::PP has a bias for saving variables that look like numbers as numbers even if they were declared as strings.
Force versions to strings where needed by appending ''.
Update the json-pp-perl package on Ubuntu 18.04 to 2.97 to provide test coverage.
No new Perl code is being developed, so these tools are just taking up time and making migrations to newer platforms harder. There are only a few Perl tests remaining with full coverage so the coverage tool does not warn of loss of coverage in most cases.
Remove both tools and associated libraries.
ScalityS3 has not received any maintenance in years and is slow to start which is bad for testing. Replace it with minio which starts quickly and ships as a single executable or a tiny container.
Minio has stricter limits on allowable characters but should still provide enough coverage to show that our encoding is working correctly.
This commit also includes the upgrade to openssl 1.1.1 in the Ubuntu 18.04 container.
Some HTTP error tests were failing after the upgrade to openssl 1.1.1, though the rest of the unit and integration tests worked fine. This seemed to be related to the very small messages used in the error testing, but it pointed to an issue with the code not being fully compliant, made worse by auto-retry being enabled by default.
Disable auto-retry and implement better error handling to bring the code in line with openssl recommendations.
There's no evidence this is a problem in the field, but having all the tests pass seems like a good idea and the new code is certainly more robust.
Coverage will be complete in the next commit when openssl 1.1.1 is introduced.
Maintaining the storage layer/drivers in two languages is burdensome. Since the integration tests require the Perl storage layer/drivers we'll need them even after the core code is migrated to C. Create an interface layer so the Perl code can be removed and new storage drivers/features introduced without adding Perl equivalents.
The goal is to move the integration tests to C so this interface will eventually be removed. That being the case, the interface was designed for maximum compatibility to ease the transition. The result looks a bit hacky but we'll improve it as needed until it can be retired.
Bug Fixes:
* Fix archive retention expiring too aggressively. (Fixed by Cynthia Shang. Reported by Mohamad El-Rifai.)
Improvements:
* The expire command is implemented entirely in C. (Contributed by Cynthia Shang.)
* The local command for restore is implemented entirely in C.
* Remove hard-coded PostgreSQL user so $PGUSER works. (Suggested by Julian Zhang, Janis Puris.)
* Honor configure --prefix option. (Suggested by Daniel Westermann.)
* Rename repo-s3-verify-ssl option to repo-s3-verify-tls. The new name is preferred because pgBackRest does not support any SSL protocol versions (they are all considered to be insecure). The old name will continue to be accepted.
Documentation Improvements:
* Add FAQ to the documentation. (Contributed by Cynthia Shang.)
* Use wal_level=replica in the documentation for PostgreSQL ≥ 9.6. (Suggested by Patrick McLaughlin.)
Secure options could show up in the help as "current". While the user must have permissions to see the source of the options (e.g. environment, config file) it's still not a good idea to display them in an unexpected context.
Instead show secure options as <redacted> in the help command.
Amend commit 434cd832 to error when the db history in archive.info and backup.info do not match.
The Perl code would attempt to reconcile the history by matching on system id and version but we are not planning to migrate that code to C. It's possible that there are users with mismatches but if so they should have been getting errors from info for the last six months. It's easy enough to manually fix these files if there are any mismatches in the field.
Contributed by Cynthia Shang.
If the file is compressible (i.e. not encrypted or already compressed) it can be marked as such in storageNewRead()/storageNewWrite(). If the file is being read from/written to a remote it will be compressed in transit using gzip.
Simplify filter group handling by having the IoRead/IoWrite objects create the filter group automatically. This removes the need for a lot of NULL checking and has a negligible effect on performance since a filter group needs to be created eventually unless the source file is missing.
Allow filters to be created using a VariantList so filter parameters can be passed to the remote.
This implementation duplicates the functionality of the Perl code but does so with different logic and includes full unit tests.
Along the way at least one bug was fixed, see issue #748.
Contributed by Cynthia Shang.
The tests and documentation have been using the core storage layer but soon that will depend entirely on the C library, creating a bootstrap problem (i.e. the storage layer will be needed to build the C library).
Create a simplified Posix storage layer to be used by documentation and the parts of the test code that build and execute the actual tests. The actual tests will still use the core storage driver so they can interact with any type of storage.
This filter exactly mimics the behavior of the Perl filter so is a drop-in replacement.
The filter is not integrated yet since it requires the Perl-to-C storage layer interface coming in a future commit.
These names more accurately reflect what the functions do and follow the convention started in Info and InfoPg.
Also remove the ignoreMissing parameter since it was never used.
Contributed by Cynthia Shang.
Some filters (e.g. encryption and compression) produce output even if there is no input. Since the filter group was marked as "done" initially, processing would not run when there was zero input and that resulted in zero output.
All filters start not done so start the filter group the same way.
The prior method of tailing the docker log no longer seems reliable. Instead, keep retrying the make bucket command until it works and show the error if it times out.
This allows copying from one S3 object to another. We generally try to avoid doing this but there are a few cases where it is needed and the tests do it quite a bit.
One thing to look out for here is that reads require the http client to be explicitly released by calling httpClientDone(). This means than clients could grow if they are not released properly. The http statistics will hopefully alert us if this is happening.
This cache manages multiple http clients and returns one to the caller that is not busy. It is the responsibility of the caller to indicate when they are done with a client. If returnContent is set then the client will automatically be marked done.
Also add special handing for HEAD requests to recognize that content-length is informational only and no content is expected.
This was not enforced at parse time because repo1-cipher-type could be passed on the command-line even in cases where encryption was not needed by the subprocess.
Filter repo-cipher-type so it is never passed on the command line. If the subprocess does not have access to the passphrase then knowing the encryption type is useless anyway.
Filter groups could not be manipulated once they had been assigned to an IO object. Now they can be freely manipulated up to the time the IO object is opened.
Also, move the filter group into the IO object's context so they don't need to be tracked separately.
The previous implementation searched for the file in a list which worked but was not optimal. For arbitrary bucket structures it would also produce a false negative if a match was not found in the first 1000 entries. This was not an issue for our repo structure since the max hits on exists calls is two but it seems worth fixing to avoid future complications.
The C code was passing the host (if specified) with the request which could force the server into path-style URLs, which are not supported.
Instead, use the Perl logic of always passing bucket.endpoint in the request no matter what host is used for the HTTPS connection.
It's an open question whether we should support path-style URLs but since we don't it's useless to tell the server otherwise. Note that Amazon S3 has deprecated path-style URLs and they are no longer supported on newly created buckets.
This was being removed by rsync which forced a full build even when a partial should have been fine. Rewrite the file after the rsync so it is preserved.
Allow commands to be skipped by default in the command help but still work if help is requested for the command directly. There may be other uses for the flag in the future.
Update help for ls now that it is exposed.
Allows listing repo paths/files from the command-line, to be used primarily for testing and debugging.
This command is internal-only so the interface may change at any time without notice.
The documentation was relying on a ScalityS3 container built for testing which wasn't very transparent. Instead, use the stock minio container and configure it in the documentation.
Also, install certificates and CA so that TLS verification can be enabled.
Not all storage types support paths as a physical thing that must be created/destroyed. Add a feature to determine which drivers use paths and simplify the driver API as much as possible given that knowledge and by implementing as much path logic as possible in the Storage object.
Remove the ignoreMissing parameter from pathSync() since it is not used and makes little sense.
Create a standard list of error messages for the drivers to use and apply them where the code was modified -- there is plenty of work still to be done here.
These functions are not required for repository storage so make them optional and error if they are not implemented for non-repository storage, .e.g. pg or spool.
The goal is to simplify the drivers (e.g. S3) that are intended only for repository storage.
The prior behavior was to return NULL so the caller would know the path was missing, but this is rarely useful, complicates the calling code, and increases the chance of segfaults.
The .nullOnMissing param has been added to enable the prior behavior.
The release notes are generally a direct reflection of the git log. So, ease the burden of maintaining the release notes by using the git log to determine what needs to be added.
Currently only non-dev items are required to be matched to a git commit but the goal is to account for all commits.
The git history cache is generated from the git log but can be modified to correct typos and match the release notes as they evolve. The commit hash is used to identify commits that have already been added to the cache.
There's plenty more to do here. For instance, links to the commits for each release item should be added to the release notes.
The C code is designed to be efficient rather than deterministic at the debug log level. As we move more testing from integration to unit tests it makes less sense to try and maintain the expect logs at this log level.
Most of the expect logs have already been moved to detail level but mock/all still had tests at debug level. Change the logging defaults in the config file and remove as many references to log-level-console as possible.
/ is escaped in the spec but the Perl renderer we use does not escape it which leads to checksum mismatches between the two sets of code.
This particular escape seems to be a more recent addition to the spec and is targeted toward embedding JSON in JavaScript.
\/ is still allowed when parsing JSON.
The new name is preferred because pgBackRest does not support any SSL protocol versions (they are all considered to be insecure).
The old name will continue to be accepted.
This is just the part of restore run by the local helper processes, not the entire command.
Even so, various optimizations in the code (like pipelining and optimizations for zero-length files) should make the restore command faster on object stores.
Bug Fixes:
* Fix segfault when process-max > 8 for archive-push/archive-get. (Reported by Jens Wilke.)
Improvements:
* Bypass database checks when stanza-delete issued with force. (Contributed by Cynthia Shang. Suggested by hatifnatt.)
* Add configure script for improved multi-platform support.
Documentation Features:
* Add user guides for CentOS/RHEL 6/7.
This report replaces the lcov report that was generated manually for each release.
The lcov report was overly verbose just to say that we have virtually 100% coverage.
Pre-calculate the value used by logAny() to improve performance and make it more likely to be inlined.
Move IF_LOG_ANY() into LOG_INTERNAL() to simplify the macros and improve performance of LOG() and LOG_PID(). If the message has no chance of being logged there's no reason to call logInternal().
Rename logWill() to logAny() because it seems more intuitive.
The branch coverage exclusion rules were overly broad and included functions that ended in a capital letter, which disabled all coverage for the statement. Improve matching so that all characters in the name must be upper-case for a match.
Some macros with internal branches accepted parameters that might contain conditionals. This made it impossible to tell which branches belonged to which, and in any case an overzealous exclusion rule was ignoring all branches in such cases. Add the DEBUG_COVERAGE flag to build a modified version of the macros without any internal branches to be used for coverage testing. In most cases, the branches were optimizations (like checking logWill()) that improve production performance but are not needed for testing. In other cases, a parameter needed to be added to the underlying function to handle the branch during coverage testing.
Also tweak the coverage rules so that macros without conditionals are automatically excluded from branch coverage as long as they are not themselves a parameter.
Finally, update tests and code where missing coverage was exposed by these changes. Some code was updated to remove existing coverage exclusions when it was a simple change.
Filters had different ideas about what "done" meant and this added complication to the group filter processing. For example, gzip decompression would detect end of stream and mark the filter as done before it had been flushed.
Improve the IoFilter interface to give a consistent definition of done across all filters, i.e. no filter can be done until it has started flushing no matter what the underlying driver reports. This removes quite a bit of tricky logic in the processing loop which tried to determine when a filter was "really" done.
Also improve management of the input buffers by pointing directly to the prior output buffer (or the caller's input) to eliminate loops that set/cleared these buffers.
If content was zero-length then the IO object was not created. This put the burden on the caller to test that the IO object existed before checking eof.
Instead, create an IO object even if it will immediately return eof. This has little cost and makes the calling code simpler.
Also add an explicit test for zero-length files in S3 and a few assertions.
The rules for when a C remote is required are getting complicated and will get worse when restoreFile() is migrated.
Instead, set the --c option when a C remote is required. This option will be removed when the remote is entirely implemented in C.
Most of the *Free() functions are pretty generic so add macros to make creating them as easy as possible.
Create a distinction between *Free() functions that the caller uses to free memory and callbacks that free third-party resources. There are a number of cases where a driver needs to free resources but does not need a normal *Free() because it is handled by the interface.
Add common/object.h for macros that make object maintenance easier. This pattern can also be used for many more object functions.
Rename memContextCallback() to memContextCallbackSet() to be more consistent with other parts of the code.
Free all context memory when an exception is thrown from a callback. Previously only the child contexts would be freed and this resulted in some allocations being lost. In practice this is probably not a big deal since the process will likely terminate shortly, but there may well be cases where that is not true.
Add GLUE() macro which is useful for creating identifiers.
Move MACRO_TO_STR() here and rename it STRINGIFY(). This appears to be the standard name for this type of macro and it is also an awesome name.
Remove "File" and "Driver" from object names so they are shorter and easier to keep consistent.
Also remove the "driver" directory so storage implementations are visible directly under "storage".
The function pointer casting used when creating drivers made changing interfaces difficult and led to slightly divergent driver implementations. Unit testing caught production-level errors but there were a lot of small issues and the process was harder than it should have been.
Use void pointers instead so that no casts are required. Introduce the THIS_VOID and THIS() macros to make dealing with void pointers a little safer.
Since we don't want to expose void pointers in header files, driver functions have been removed from the headers and the various driver objects return their interface type. This cuts down on accessor methods and the vast majority of those functions were not being used. Move functions that are still required to .intern.h.
Remove the special "C" crypto functions that were used in libc and instead use the standard interface.
Add bufDup() and bufNewUsedC().
Arrange bufNewC() params to match bufNewUsedC() since they have always seemed backward.
Fix bufHex() to only render the used portion of the buffer and fix some places where used was not being set correctly.
Use a union to make macro assignments for all legal values without casting. This is much more likely to catch bad assignments.
There is only one instance in the core code where this helps. It is mostly helpful in the tests.
There is an argument to be made that only THROW_SYS_ERROR*() variants should be used in the core code to improve test coverage. If so, that will be the subject of a future commit.
Some functions (e.g. getpwnam()/getgrnam()) will return an error but not set errno. In this case there's no use in appending strerror(), which will be "Success". This is confusing since an error has just been reported.
At least in the examples above, an error with no errno set just means "missing" and our current error message already conveys that.
The remote list was at most 9 (based on pg[1-8]-* max index) so anything over 8 wrote into unallocated memory.
The remote for the main process is (currently) stored in position zero so do the same for remotes started from locals, since there should only be one. The main process will need to start more remotes in the future which is why there is extra space.
Reported by Jens Wilke.
Use autoconf to provide a basic configure script. WITH_BACKTRACE is yet to be migrated to configure and the unit tests still use a custom Makefile.
Each C file must include "build.auto.conf" before all other includes and defines. This is enforced by test.pl for includes, but it won't detect incorrect define ordering.
Update packages to call configure and use standard flags to pass options.
Update RHEL repos that have changed upstream. Remove PostgreSQL 9.3 since the RHEL6/7 packages have disappeared.
Remove PostgreSQL versions from U12 that are still getting minor updates so the container does not need to be rebuilt.
LZ4 is included for future development, but this seems like a good time to add it to the containers.
The function provides all the file/path/link information required to build a backup manifest.
Also update storageInfo() to provide the same information for a single file.
At the same time change the way that load constructors work (and are named) so that Ini objects do not persist after the constructors complete.
infoArchiveSave() is excluded from this commit since it is just a trivial call to infoPgSave() and won't be required soon.
In most cases the JSON type is known so this is more efficient than converting to Variant first, both in terms of memory and time.
Also rename some of the existing functions for consistency.
Variants were being used to expose String and StringList types but this can be done more simply with an additional method.
Using only strings also allows for a more efficient implementation down the road.
This greatly reduces calls to filter processing, which is a performance benefit, but also makes the trace logs smaller and easier to read.
However, this means that ioWriteFlush() will no longer work with filters since a full flush of IoFilterGroup would require an expensive reset. Currently ioWriteFlush() is not used in this scenario so for now just add an assert to ensure it stays that way.
These are more efficient than creating buffers in place when needed.
After replacement discovered that bufNewStr() and BufNewZ() were not being used in the core code so removed them. This required using the macros in tests which is not the usual pattern.
Since the introduction of blocking read drivers (e.g. IoHandleRead, TlsClient) the non-blocking drivers have used the same rules for determining maximum buffer size, i.e. read only as much as requested. This is necessary so the blocking drivers don't get stuck waiting for data that might not be coming.
Instead mark blocking drivers so IoRead knows how much buffer to allow for the read. The non-blocking drivers can now request the maximum number of bytes allowed by buffer-size.
Bug Fixes:
* Fix zero-length reads causing problems for IO filters that did not expect them. (Reported by brunre01, jwpit, Tomasz Kontusz, guruguruguru.)
* Fix reliability of error reporting from local/remote processes.
* Fix Posix/CIFS error messages reporting the wrong filename on write/sync/close.
Add production checks to ensure no filter gets a zero-size input buffer.
Also, optimize the case where a filter returns no output. There's no sense in running downstream filters if they have no new input.
The IoRead object was passing zero-length buffers into the filter processing code but not all the filters were happy about getting them.
In particular, the gzip compression filter failed if it was given no input directly after it had flushed all of its buffers. This made the problem rather intermittent even though a zero-length buffer was being passed to the filter at the end of every file. It also explains why tweaking compress-level or buffer-size allowed the file to go through.
Since this error was happening after all processing had completed, there does not appear to be any risk that successfully processed files were corrupted.
Reported by brunre01, jwpit, Tomasz Kontusz, guruguruguru.
Releasing the lock too early was allowing other async processes to sneak in and start running before the current process was completely shut down.
The only symptom seems to have been mixed up log messages so not a very serious issue.
Asserts were only only reported on stderr rather than being returned through the protocol layer. This did not appear to be very reliable.
Instead, report the assert through the protocol layer like any other error. Add a stack trace if an assert error or debug logging is enabled.
These work almost exactly like the String constant macros. However, a struct per variant type was required which meant custom constructors and destructors for each type.
Propagate the variant constants out into the codebase wherever they are useful.
The STRING_CONST() macro worked fine for constants but was not able to constify strings created at runtime.
Add the STR() macro to do this by using strlen() to get the size.
Also rename STRING_CONST() to STRDEF() for brevity and to match the other macro name.
Removed the "anchor" parameter because it was never used in any calls in the Perl code so it was just a dead parameter that always defaulted to true.
Contributed by Cynthia Shang.
IMPORTANT NOTE: The new TLS/SSL implementation forbids dots in S3 bucket names per RFC-2818. This security fix is required for compliant hostname verification.
Bug Fixes:
* Fix issues when a path option is / terminated. (Reported by Marc Cousin.)
* Fix issues when log-level-file=off is set for the archive-get command. (Reported by Brad Nicholson.)
* Fix C code to recognize host:port option format like Perl does. (Reported by Kyle Nevins.)
* Fix issues with remote/local command logging options.
Improvements:
* The archive-push command is implemented entirely in C.
* Increase process-max limit to 999. (Suggested by Rakshitha-BR.)
* Improve error message when an S3 bucket name contains dots.
Documentation Improvements:
* Clarify that S3-compatible object stores are supported. (Suggested by Magnus Hagander.)
This was not an intentional feature in Perl, but it works, so it makes sense to implement the same syntax in C.
This is a break from other places where a -port option is explicitly supplied, so it may make sense to support both styles going forward. This commit does not address that, however.
Reported by Kyle Nevins.
The Perl lib we have been using for TLS allows dots in wildcards, but this is forbidden by RFC-2818. The new TLS implementation in C forbids this pattern, just as PostgreSQL and curl do.
However, this does present a problem for users who have been using bucket names with dots in older versions of pgBackRest. Since this limitation exists for security reasons there appears to be no option but to take a hard line and do our best to notify the user of the issue as clearly as possible.
This problem was not specific to archive-get, but that was the only place it was expressing in the last release. The new archive-push was also affected.
The issue was with daemon processes that had closed all their file descriptors. When exec'ing and setting up pipes to communicate with a child process the dup2() function created file descriptors that overlapped with the first descriptor (stdout) that was being duped into. This descriptor was subsequently closed and wackiness ensued.
If logging was enabled (the default) that increased all the file descriptors by one and everything worked.
Fix this by checking if the file descriptor to be closed is the same one being dup'd into. This solution may not be generally applicable but it works fine in this case.
Reported by Brad Nicholson.
This new implementation should behave exactly like the old Perl code with the exception of updated log messages.
Remove as much of the Perl code as possible without breaking other commands.
When a repository server is configured, commands that modify the repository acquire a remote lock as well as a local lock for extra protection against multiple writers.
Instead of the custom logic used in Perl, make remote locking part of the command configuration.
This also means that the C remote needs the stanza since it is used to construct the lock name. We may need to revisit this at a later date.
While the local processes are doing their jobs the remote connection from the main process may timeout.
Send occasional noops to ensure that doesn't happen.
This may not be the best way to detect 64-bit platforms but it seems to be working fine so far.
Create a macro to make it clearer what is being done and to make it easier to change the implementation.
This was missed because the unit tests were reusing a buffer without resetting it to zero, so this flag ended up still set when the test function was called.
This was not a live issue since it only expressed in tests and this code is not used in master yet.
The test harness was not being built with warnings which caused some wackiness with an improperly structured switch. Just use the same warnings as the code being tested.
Also enable warnings on code that is not directly being tested since other code modules are frequently modified during testing.
We deal with some pretty big lists in archive-push so a nested-loop anti-join looked like it would not be efficient enough.
This merge anti-join should do the trick even though both lists must be sorted first.
The prior behavior on a global error (i.e. not file specific) was to write an individual error file for each WAL file being processed. On retry each of these error files would be removed, and if the error was persistent, they would then be recreated. In a busy environment this could mean tens or hundreds of thousands of files.
Another issue was that the error files could not be written until a list of WAL files to process had been generated. This was easy enough for archive-get but archive-push requires more processing and any errors that happened when generating the list would only be reported in the pgBackRest log rather than the PostgreSQL log.
Instead write a global.error file that applies to any WAL file that does not have an explicit ok or error file. This reduces churn and allows more errors to be reported directly to PostgreSQL.
Having a copy per version worked well until it was time to add new features or modify existing functions. Then it was necessary to modify every version and try to keep them all in sync.
Consolidate all the PostgreSQL types into a single file using #if for type versions. Many types do not change or change infrequently so this cuts down on duplication. In addition, it is far easier to see what has changed when a new version is added.
Use macros to write the interface functions. There is still duplication here since some changes require a new copy of the macro, but it is far less than before.
Since archive-push is being moved to C, the Perl remote will no longer work with that command.
Eventually this module will need to be rewritten in C, but for now just use the restore command which is planned to be migrated last.
Now that repositories are writable the storage drivers that don't yet support file writes need to be updated to do so.
Note that the part size for multi-part upload has not been defined as a proper constant. This will become an option in the near future so it doesn't seem worth creating a constant that we might then forget to remove.
The xml objects only exposed read methods of the underlying libxml2.
This worked for S3 commands that only received data but to send data we need to be able to create XML documents from scratch.
Add the ability to create empty documents and add nodes and contents.
The C code was assuming that the current PostgreSQL version in archive.info/backup.info was the most recent item in the history, but this is not always the case with some stanza-upgrade scenarios. If a cluster is restored from before the upgrade and stanza-upgrade is run again, it will revert db-id to the original history item.
Instead, load db-id from the db section explicitly as the Perl code does.
This did not affect archive-get since it does a reverse scan through the history versions and does not rely on the current version.
Logging was being enable on local/remote processes even if --log-subprocess was not specified, so fix that.
Also, make sure that stderr is enabled at error level as it was on Perl. This helps expose error information for debugging.
For remotes, suppress log and lock paths since these are not applicable on remote hosts. These options should be set in the local config if they need to be overridden.
None of our C HTTP requests have needed to output a body, but they will with the migration of archive-push.
Also, add constants that are useful when POSTing/PUTing data.
This condition was not being properly checked for in the C code and it caused problems in the info command, at the very least.
Instead of applying a local fix, introduce a new path option type that will rigorously check the format of any incoming paths.
Reported by Marc Cousin.
This command was previously forked off from the archive-push command which required a bit of artificial option and log manipulation.
A separate command is easier to test and will work on platforms that don't have fork(), e.g. Windows.
This driver borrows heavily from the Posix driver.
At this point the only difference is that CIFS does not allow explicit directory fsyncs so they need to be suppressed. At some point the CIFS diver will also omit link support.
With the addition of this driver repository storage is now writable.
Bug Fixes:
* Fix possible truncated WAL segments when an error occurs mid-write. (Reported by blogh.)
* Fix info command missing WAL min/max when stanza specified. (Fixed by Stefan Fercot.)
* Fix non-compliant JSON for options passed from C to Perl. (Reported by Leo Khomenko.)
Improvements:
* The archive-get command is implemented entirely in C.
* Enable socket keep-alive on older Perl versions. (Contributed by Marc Cousin.)
* Error when parameters are passed to a command that does not accept parameters. (Suggested by Jason O'Donnell.)
* Add hints when unable to find a WAL segment in the archive. (Suggested by Hans-Jürgen Schönig.)
* Improve error when hostname cannot be found in a certificate. (Suggested by James Badger.)
* Add additional options to backup.manifest for debugging purposes. (Contributed by blogh.)
Add the buffer-size, compress-level, compress-level-network, and process-max options to the backup:option section in backup.manifest to aid in debugging.
It may also make sense to propagate these options up to backup.info so they can be displayed in the info command, but for now this is deemed sufficient.
Contributed by blogh.
When this error happens in the context of a backup it can be a bit mystifying as to why the backup is failing. Add some hints to get the user started.
These hints will appear any time a WAL segment can't be found, which makes the hint about the check command redundant when the user is actually running the check command, but it doesn't seem worth trying to exclude the hint in that case.
Suggested by Hans-Jürgen Schönig.
DESTDIR always had /usr/bin appended which was a problem systems that don't use /usr/bin as the install location for binaries.
Instead, use the value of DESTDIR exactly and update the Debian packages accordingly.
Contributed by Douglas J Hunley.
This behavior allowed a command like this to run without error:
pgbackrest backup --stanza=db full
Even though it actually performed an incremental backup in most circumstances because the `full` parameter was ignored.
Instead, output an error and exit.
Suggested by Jason O'Donnell.
This warning was being output when getting help if retention was not set:
WARN: option repo1-retention-full is not set, the repository may run out of space
Suppress this when getting help since the warning will display by default on a system that is not completely configured.
The same test configurations are run on all four test VMs, which seems a real waste of resources.
Vary the tests per VM to increase coverage while reducing the total number of tests. Be sure to include each major feature (remote, s3, encryption) in each VM at least once.
The same test configurations are run on all four test VMs, which seems a real waste of resources.
Vary the tests per VM to increase coverage while reducing the total number of tests.
The same test configurations are run on all four test VMs, which seems a real waste of resources.
Vary the tests per VM to increase coverage while reducing the total number of tests. Be sure to include each major feature (remote, s3, encryption) in each VM at least once.
This is very inefficient in terms of memory and time and dynamic context names were never utilized.
Just require that context names be valid for the life of the context.
In practice they are all static strings.
Allocations required a sequential scan through the allocation list for both contexts and memory. This was very inefficient since for the most part individual memory allocations are seldom freed directly, rather they are freed when their context is freed.
For both types of allocations track an index for the lowest free position. After an allocation of the free position, a sequential search will be required for the next allocation but this is still far better than doing a scan for every allocation.
With a moderately-sized dataset (500 history entries in backup.info), there is a 237X performance improvement when combined with the f74e88bb refactor.
Before:
% cumulative self
time seconds seconds name
65.11 331.37 331.37 memContextAlloc
16.19 413.78 82.40 memContextCurrent
14.74 488.81 75.03 memContextTop
2.65 502.29 13.48 memContextNewIndex
1.18 508.31 6.02 memFind
After:
% cumulative self
time seconds seconds name
94.69 2.14 2.14 memFind
Finding memory allocations in order to free or resize them is the next bottleneck, but this does not seem to be a major issue presently.
The prior method depended on IO:Socket:SSL to push the keep-alive options down to the socket but it only worked for recent versions of the module.
Instead, create the socket directly using IO::Socket::IP if available or IO:Socket:INET as a fallback. The keep-alive option is set directly on the socket before it is passed to IO:Socket:SSL.
Contributed by Marc Cousin.
The command option was not being set correctly when a remote was started from a local. It was being set as 'local' rather than the command that the local was running as.
Also automatically select the remote protocol id based on whether it is started from a local (use the local protocol id) or from the main process (use 0).
These were not live issues but could cause strange behaviors as new features are added that might be hard to diagnose.
This new implementation should behave exactly like the old Perl code with the exception of a few updated log messages.
Remove as much of the Perl code as possible without breaking other commands.
The C local is only used for C commands in the main process.
Some tweaking of the existing protocolGet() command was required. Originally the idea was to share the function for local and remote requests but the differences (as in Perl) were too great to make that practical.
