A truncated HTTP response status could lead to an an unfriendly error message, which would be retried, but could be confusing if the error was persistent and required debugging.
Improve the error handling overall to catch more error cases explicitly and respond better to edge cases.
Also update the terminology in comments to align with the RFC. Variable and function names were not changed because a refactor is intended for HTTP response and it doesn't seem worth the additional code churn.
The prior harness required a separate function to contain the server behavior but this made keeping the client/server code in sync very difficult and in general meant test writing took longer.
Now, commands to define server behavior are inline with the client code, which should greatly simplify test writing.
Bug Fixes:
* Fix issue checking if file links are contained in path links. (Reviewed by Cynthia Shang. Reported by Christophe Cavallié.)
* Allow pg-path1 to be optional for synchronous archive-push. (Reviewed by Cynthia Shang. Reported by Jerome Peng.)
* The expire command now checks if a stop file is present. (Fixed by Cynthia Shang. Reviewed by David Steele.)
* Handle missing reason phrase in HTTP response. (Reviewed by Cynthia Shang. Reported by Tenuun.)
* Increase buffer size for lz4 compression flush. (Reviewed by Cynthia Shang. Reported by Eric Radman.)
* Ignore pg-host* and repo-host* options for the remote command. (Reviewed by Cynthia Shang. Reported by Pavel Suderevsky.)
* Fix possibly missing pg1-* options for the remote command. (Reviewed by Cynthia Shang. Reported by Andrew L'Ecuyer.)
Features:
* Time-based retention for full backups. The --repo-retention-full-type option allows retention of full backups based on a time period, specified in days. (Contributed by Cynthia Shang, Pierre Ducroquet. Reviewed by David Steele.)
* Ad hoc backup expiration. Allow the user to remove a specified backup regardless of retention settings. (Contributed by Cynthia Shang. Reviewed by David Steele.)
* Zstandard compression support. Note that setting compress-type=zst will make new backups and archive incompatible (unrestorable) with prior versions of pgBackRest. (Reviewed by Cynthia Shang.)
* bzip2 compression support. Note that setting compress-type=bz2 will make new backups and archive incompatible (unrestorable) with prior versions of pgBackRest. (Contributed by Stephen Frost. Reviewed by David Steele, Cynthia Shang.)
* Add backup/expire running status to the info command. (Contributed by Stefan Fercot. Reviewed by David Steele.)
Improvements:
* Expire WAL archive only when repo-retention-archive threshold is met. WAL prior to the first full backup was previously expired after the first full backup. Now it is preserved according to retention settings. (Contributed by Cynthia Shang. Reviewed by David Steele.)
* Add local MD5 implementation so S3 works when FIPS is enabled. (Reviewed by Cynthia Shang, Stephen Frost. Suggested by Brian Almeida, John Kelley.)
* PostgreSQL 13 beta1 support. Changes to the control/catalog/WAL versions in subsequent betas may break compatibility but pgBackRest will be updated with each release to keep pace. (Reviewed by Cynthia Shang.)
* Reduce buffer-size default to 1MiB. (Reviewed by Stephen Frost.)
* Throw user-friendly error if expire is not run on repository host. (Contributed by Cynthia Shang. Reviewed by David Steele.)
The purpose of the remote command is to get access to local resources, so a remote should never start another remote. However, this could happen if there were host settings on the remote host, which ended badly with lock errors, loops, etc.
Add pg-local and repo-local options to indicate that the resource is local even if there are host settings.
Note that for the time being these options are internal and not intended for general usage. However, this is likely the direction needed to allow for more symmetric and manageable configurations.
Some pg1-* options are required by the remote so if they are not provided in the remote's configuration file then it may cause a configuration error, depending on the operation. This currently only applies to the pg1-path option.
This is still an issue for repo-* options but the same solution cannot be applied because some repo-* options are secure and cannot be passed on the command-line.
There don't appear to be any behavioral changes since PostgreSQL 12 and all the tests pass.
Changes to the control/catalog/WAL versions in subsequent betas may break compatibility but pgBackRest will be updated with each release to keep pace.
S3 requires the Content-MD5 header for many requests but MD5 is not available via OpenSSL when FIPS is enabled because it is considered to be insecure.
Even though our usage does not present any security risks a local M5 implementation is required to circumvent the over-broad FIPS restriction.
Vendorize the MD5 implementation found at https://openwall.info/wiki/people/solar/software/public-domain-source-code/md5 and add full coverage for the module in the common/crypto unit tests.
The prior default was determined by benchmarking the Perl code prior to the 1.0 release. In general buffer allocation was more expensive in Perl so large buffers gave the best performance. This was due to multiple buffer allocations for each filter in an IO operation.
The C code allocates fixed buffers for each IO operation so the cost for buffer allocation is lower than Perl. That being the case it made sense to benchmark the C code to determine the optimal buffer default.
The performance/storage tests were used to measure the performance of a variety of filters. 1GiB of data was processed by each filter 10 times and the results of the tests were averaged.
While most buffer sizes gave similar performance, 1MiB appeared to perform the best overall. Of course, different architectures are likely to yield different results but this seems like a sensible default. The buffer-size option may still need to be manually configured to give optimal results.
Raw test data for reference:
4MB buffer (prior default)
copy time 1807ms, avg time 180ms, avg throughput: 5942MB/s
md5 time 14200ms, avg time 1420ms, avg throughput: 756MB/s
sha1 time 11431ms, avg time 1143ms, avg throughput: 939MB/s
sha256 time 23463ms, avg time 2346ms, avg throughput: 457MB/s
gzip -6 time 381199ms, avg time 38119ms, avg throughput: 28MB/s
lz4 -1 time 15484ms, avg time 1548ms, avg throughput: 693MB/s
1MB buffer (new default)
copy time 1760ms, avg time 176ms, avg throughput: 6100MB/s
md5 time 13739ms, avg time 1373ms, avg throughput: 781MB/s
sha1 time 11025ms, avg time 1102ms, avg throughput: 973MB/s
sha256 time 22539ms, avg time 2253ms, avg throughput: 476MB/s
gzip -6 time 372995ms, avg time 37299ms, avg throughput: 28MB/s
lz4 -1 time 15118ms, avg time 1511ms, avg throughput: 710MB/s
512K buffer
copy time 1782ms, avg time 178ms, avg throughput: 6025MB/s
md5 time 13724ms, avg time 1372ms, avg throughput: 782MB/s
sha1 time 10959ms, avg time 1095ms, avg throughput: 979MB/s
sha256 time 22982ms, avg time 2298ms, avg throughput: 467MB/s
gzip -6 time 378120ms, avg time 37812ms, avg throughput: 28MB/s
lz4 -1 time 15484ms, avg time 1548ms, avg throughput: 693MB/s
256K buffer
copy time 1805ms, avg time 180ms, avg throughput: 5948MB/s
md5 time 13706ms, avg time 1370ms, avg throughput: 783MB/s
sha1 time 11074ms, avg time 1107ms, avg throughput: 969MB/s
sha256 time 22588ms, avg time 2258ms, avg throughput: 475MB/s
gzip -6 time 372645ms, avg time 37264ms, avg throughput: 28MB/s
lz4 -1 time 16346ms, avg time 1634ms, avg throughput: 656MB/s
Improve the accuracy of the calculations in several areas with better integer expressions.
Make the input buffer size configurable. Previously it was always 1mb, i.e. block size.
Use a macro for output results to reduce code duplication.
Reason phrases (e.g. OK) are optional in HTTP 1.1 but the space after the status code is not. When the reason phrase was missing the required space was trimmed along with the trailing CR leading to a format error.
Rework the logic to preserve the space and allow empty reason phrases.
Found while testing against the Backblaze S3-compatible API.
Vendorized code is copied from another project when a library is not available and a git subproject won't work. Currently all the vendorized code is copied from PostgreSQL but it makes sense to have a more general mechanism for indicating vendorized code.
The .vendor extension will be used to denote vendorized code in the same way that .auto is used to denote auto-generated code.
Some lz4 versions between r131 and 1.7.5 did not return a sufficient buffer size from LZ4F_compressBound() to allow LZ4F_compressEnd() to complete reliably. While this issue was fixed in lz4 1.7.5 there are affected versions in supported distributions such as CentOS/RHEL 7.
Use one of the hacks suggested in https://github.com/lz4/lz4/issues/290 to increase the buffer size enough for LZ4F_compressEnd() to complete. This means that a slightly larger buffer size is required for all versions but it seems worth it to (hopefully) to fix the issue in all lz4 versions.
If cryptoInit() had not already been called then EVP_get_digestbyname() would fail.
This does not appear to be a problem currently because of call order. Also, newer versions of OpenSSL auto-initialize.
Some headers in the S3 driver were common HTTP headers that may be used by other drivers that utilize HTTP.
Also change the order of HTTP_HEADER_TRANSFER_ENCODING to be alphabetical.
Rather than bS3 use strStorage which can indicate more than two storage types.
For the moment there are still only two storage types but this change is required before more can be added.
apt.postgresql.org provides packages for ppcle64 so it's important that we support it.
Rearrange jobs a bit based on current runtimes and importance. Also reduce the number of tests run for arm64 since it is slower than other architectures.
cdebfb09 added relative times to backup.into but a subtle issue was introduced that would cause the tests to fail if the time acquired by cmdExpire() was exactly the same as timeNow used to format backup.info. cmdExpire() was working correctly given the inputs, but the tests did not run predictably.
This was found while running the tests with --no-valgrind --no-coverage which allows them to run a lot faster, thus exposing the timing issue.
These tests required sudo to achieve complete coverage.
Add a new coverage exception, vm_covered, that applies to code that can only be covered in a container. When the test is run outside of a container code sections that require a container will be excluded with TEST_CONTAINER_REQUIRED and the coverage exception will be added to prevent a coverage error.
This does require marking up the core code with vm_covered, which in some modules (e.g. common/io/tls/client) can be extensive. It's possible that some of these tests can be rewritten to be less dependent on sudo but no attempt was made to do that here.
Only allow coverage summaries in a vm since coverage summaries outside a vm will not be complete, which was true even before this commit.
Update error types throw by bzip2 to be more consistent with gzip.
Update the bzip2 and gzip error default to be AssertError as that's the more common case in both, and add a 'break;' to the default clause -- we don't intend to be just falling through those case statements, even if the default is the last, we should be explicit about that.
Clean up some tabs that snuck in, rename a variable to be more clear, and add some comments.
It's important that the values in these variables are maintained even after an exception is thrown, so they must be marked volatile.
Found while testing on the ppc64le architecture.
The --repo-retention-full-type option allows retention of full backups based on a time period, specified in days.
The new option will default to 'count' and therefore will not affect current installations. Setting repo-retention-full-type to 'time' will allow the user to use a time period, in days, to indicate full backup retention. Using this method, a full backup can be expired only if the time the backup completed is older than the number of days set with repo-retention-full (calculated from the moment the 'expire' command is run) and at least one full backup meets the retention period. If archive retention has not been configured, then the default settings will expire archives that are prior to the oldest retained full backup. For example, if there are three full backups ending in times that are 25 days old (F1), 20 days old (F2) and 10 days old (F3), then if the full retention period is 15 days, then only F1 will be expired; F2 will be retained because F1 is not at least 15 days old.
Checking for free space in the output buffer worked, but if the buffer was completely filled then deflate() would need to be called again, which was wasteful and a bit confusing for debugging.
Instead, use Z_STREAM_END to detect that compression is done.
This change was inspired by the bz2 implementation in a021c9fe since bz2 does not allow BZ2_bzCompress() to be called after BZ_STREAM_END is returned. That made it obvious that gz would prefer the same implementation, even if it is more tolerant. The documentation at https://www.zlib.net/manual.html agrees.
Newer versions of sudo output this message to stderr when run in a container:
sudo: setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE): Operation not permitted
See https://github.com/sudo-project/sudo/issues/42 for details.
A simple workaround is to prevent sudo from disabling core dumps. This seems safe enough because if sudo is segfaulting then core files are the least of our worries.
Newer versions of sudo output this message to stdout when run in a container:
sudo: setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE): Operation not permitted
See https://github.com/sudo-project/sudo/issues/42 for details.
A simple workaround is to prevent sudo from disabling core dumps. This seems safe enough because if sudo is segfaulting then core files are the least of our worries.
apt.postgresql.org will soon be providing packages for arm64 so it's important that we support it.
Testing on multiple architectures also helps expose potential issues in popular architectures. See 10a5182d for an example.
There are a number of Valgrind errors on Ubuntu 12.04 which do not happen on newer distro versions. However, suppressions for these errors have masked legitimate issues in subsequent code.
Instead, make suppressions VM specific so errors in other VMs are not masked.
