- Moved static file serving to a new handler package

- Middleware at route level
- Group middleware is a in closure now

Signed-off-by: Vishal Rana <vr@labstack.com>

context.go

@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ package echo
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"encoding/xml"
+	"io"
+	"mime"
 	"net/http"
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"time"
 
@@ -42,10 +45,11 @@ type (
 		JSONP(int, string, interface{}) error
 		XML(int, interface{}) error
 		XMLBlob(int, []byte) error
-		File(string, string, bool) error
+		Attachment(string) error
 		NoContent(int) error
 		Redirect(int, string) error
 		Error(err error)
+		Handle(Context) error
 		Logger() logger.Logger
 		Object() *context
 	}
@@ -59,12 +63,17 @@ type (
 		pvalues  []string
 		query    url.Values
 		store    store
+		handler  Handler
 		echo     *Echo
 	}
 
 	store map[string]interface{}
 )
 
+const (
+	indexPage = "index.html"
+)
+
 // NewContext creates a Context object.
 func NewContext(req engine.Request, res engine.Response, e *Echo) Context {
 	return &context{
@@ -73,9 +82,14 @@ func NewContext(req engine.Request, res engine.Response, e *Echo) Context {
 		echo:     e,
 		pvalues:  make([]string, *e.maxParam),
 		store:    make(store),
+		handler:  notFoundHandler,
 	}
 }
 
+func (c *context) Handle(ctx Context) error {
+	return c.handler.Handle(ctx)
+}
+
 func (c *context) Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool) {
 	return
 }
@@ -166,7 +180,7 @@ func (c *context) Bind(i interface{}) error {
 // code. Templates can be registered using `Echo.SetRenderer()`.
 func (c *context) Render(code int, name string, data interface{}) (err error) {
 	if c.echo.renderer == nil {
-		return RendererNotRegistered
+		return ErrRendererNotRegistered
 	}
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	if err = c.echo.renderer.Render(buf, name, data); err != nil {
@@ -250,17 +264,17 @@ func (c *context) XMLBlob(code int, b []byte) (err error) {
 	return
 }
 
-// File sends a response with the content of the file. If `attachment` is set
+// Attachment sends specified file as an attachment to the client.
-// to true, the client is prompted to save the file with provided `name`,
+func (c *context) Attachment(file string) (err error) {
-// name can be empty, in that case name of the file is used.
+	f, err := os.Open(file)
-func (c *context) File(path, name string, attachment bool) (err error) {
+	if err != nil {
-	dir, file := filepath.Split(path)
+		return
-	if attachment {
+	}
+	_, name := filepath.Split(file)
 	c.response.Header().Set(ContentDisposition, "attachment; filename="+name)
-	}
+	c.response.Header().Set(ContentType, c.detectContentType(file))
-	if err = c.echo.serveFile(dir, file, c); err != nil {
+	c.response.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		c.response.Header().Del(ContentDisposition)
+	_, err = io.Copy(c.response, f)
-	}
 	return
 }
 
@@ -273,7 +287,7 @@ func (c *context) NoContent(code int) error {
 // Redirect redirects the request using http.Redirect with status code.
 func (c *context) Redirect(code int, url string) error {
 	if code < http.StatusMultipleChoices || code > http.StatusTemporaryRedirect {
-		return InvalidRedirectCode
+		return ErrInvalidRedirectCode
 	}
 	// TODO: v2
 	// http.Redirect(c.response, c.request, url, code)
@@ -295,10 +309,16 @@ func (c *context) Object() *context {
 	return c
 }
 
-func (c *context) reset(req engine.Request, res engine.Response, e *Echo) {
+func (c *context) detectContentType(name string) (t string) {
+	if t = mime.TypeByExtension(filepath.Ext(name)); t == "" {
+		t = OctetStream
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (c *context) reset(req engine.Request, res engine.Response) {
 	c.request = req
 	c.response = res
 	c.query = nil
 	c.store = nil
-	c.echo = e
 }

context_test.go

@@ -157,22 +157,13 @@ func TestContext(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "Hello, <strong>World!</strong>", rec.Body.String())
 	}
 
-	// File
+	// Attachment
 	rec = test.NewResponseRecorder()
 	c = NewContext(req, rec, e)
-	err = c.File("_fixture/images/walle.png", "", false)
+	err = c.Attachment("_fixture/images/walle.png")
 	if assert.NoError(t, err) {
 		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Status())
-		assert.Equal(t, 219885, rec.Body.Len())
+		assert.Equal(t, rec.Header().Get(ContentDisposition), "attachment; filename=walle.png")
-	}
-
-	// File as attachment
-	rec = test.NewResponseRecorder()
-	c = NewContext(req, rec, e)
-	err = c.File("_fixture/images/walle.png", "WALLE.PNG", true)
-	if assert.NoError(t, err) {
-		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Status())
-		assert.Equal(t, rec.Header().Get(ContentDisposition), "attachment; filename=WALLE.PNG")
 		assert.Equal(t, 219885, rec.Body.Len())
 	}
 
@@ -194,7 +185,7 @@ func TestContext(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, c.Response().Status())
 
 	// reset
-	c.Object().reset(req, test.NewResponseRecorder(), e)
+	c.Object().reset(req, test.NewResponseRecorder())
 }
 
 func TestContextPath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -263,7 +254,7 @@ func testBindError(t *testing.T, c Context, ct string) {
 		}
 	default:
 		if assert.IsType(t, new(HTTPError), err) {
-			assert.Equal(t, UnsupportedMediaType, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, ErrUnsupportedMediaType, err)
 		}
 
 	}

echo.go

@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
-	"path"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 type (
 	Echo struct {
 		prefix           string
-		middleware       []MiddlewareFunc
+		middleware       []Middleware
 		http2            bool
 		maxParam         *int
 		notFoundHandler  HandlerFunc
@@ -33,8 +31,6 @@ type (
 		renderer         Renderer
 		pool             sync.Pool
 		debug            bool
-		hook             engine.HandlerFunc
-		autoIndex        bool
 		router           *Router
 		logger           logger.Logger
 	}
@@ -51,10 +47,11 @@ type (
 	}
 
 	Middleware interface {
-		Process(HandlerFunc) HandlerFunc
+		Handle(Handler) Handler
+		Priority() int
 	}
 
-	MiddlewareFunc func(HandlerFunc) HandlerFunc
+	MiddlewareFunc func(Handler) Handler
 
 	Handler interface {
 		Handle(Context) error
@@ -122,6 +119,7 @@ const (
 	TextPlain                        = "text/plain"
 	TextPlainCharsetUTF8             = TextPlain + "; " + CharsetUTF8
 	MultipartForm                    = "multipart/form-data"
+	OctetStream                      = "application/octet-stream"
 
 	//---------
 	// Charset
@@ -150,8 +148,6 @@ const (
 	//-----------
 
 	WebSocket = "websocket"
-
-	indexPage = "index.html"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -171,9 +167,10 @@ var (
 	// Errors
 	//--------
 
-	UnsupportedMediaType  = NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnsupportedMediaType)
+	ErrUnsupportedMediaType  = NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnsupportedMediaType)
-	RendererNotRegistered = errors.New("renderer not registered")
+	ErrNotFound              = NewHTTPError(http.StatusNotFound)
-	InvalidRedirectCode   = errors.New("invalid redirect status code")
+	ErrRendererNotRegistered = errors.New("renderer not registered")
+	ErrInvalidRedirectCode   = errors.New("invalid redirect status code")
 
 	//----------------
 	// Error handlers
@@ -196,6 +193,7 @@ func New() (e *Echo) {
 		return NewContext(nil, nil, e)
 	}
 	e.router = NewRouter(e)
+	e.middleware = []Middleware{e.router}
 
 	//----------
 	// Defaults
@@ -211,10 +209,14 @@ func New() (e *Echo) {
 	return
 }
 
-func (f MiddlewareFunc) Process(h HandlerFunc) HandlerFunc {
+func (f MiddlewareFunc) Handle(h Handler) Handler {
 	return f(h)
 }
 
+func (f MiddlewareFunc) Priority() int {
+	return 1
+}
+
 func (f HandlerFunc) Handle(c Context) error {
 	return f(c)
 }
@@ -281,18 +283,6 @@ func (e *Echo) Debug() bool {
 	return e.debug
 }
 
-// AutoIndex enable/disable automatically creating an index page for the directory.
-func (e *Echo) AutoIndex(on bool) {
-	e.autoIndex = on
-}
-
-// Hook registers a callback which is invoked from `Echo#ServerHTTP` as the first
-// statement. Hook is useful if you want to modify response/response objects even
-// before it hits the router or any middleware.
-func (e *Echo) Hook(h engine.HandlerFunc) {
-	e.hook = h
-}
-
 // Use adds handler to the middleware chain.
 func (e *Echo) Use(middleware ...interface{}) {
 	for _, m := range middleware {
@@ -301,190 +291,99 @@ func (e *Echo) Use(middleware ...interface{}) {
 }
 
 // Connect adds a CONNECT route > handler to the router.
-func (e *Echo) Connect(path string, handler interface{}) {
+func (e *Echo) Connect(path string, handler interface{}, middleware ...interface{}) {
-	e.add(CONNECT, path, handler)
+	e.add(CONNECT, path, handler, middleware...)
 }
 
 // Delete adds a DELETE route > handler to the router.
-func (e *Echo) Delete(path string, handler interface{}) {
+func (e *Echo) Delete(path string, handler interface{}, middleware ...interface{}) {
-	e.add(DELETE, path, handler)
+	e.add(DELETE, path, handler, middleware...)
 }
 
 // Get adds a GET route > handler to the router.
-func (e *Echo) Get(path string, handler interface{}) {
+func (e *Echo) Get(path string, handler interface{}, middleware ...interface{}) {
-	e.add(GET, path, handler)
+	e.add(GET, path, handler, middleware...)
 }
 
 // Head adds a HEAD route > handler to the router.
-func (e *Echo) Head(path string, handler interface{}) {
+func (e *Echo) Head(path string, handler interface{}, middleware ...interface{}) {
-	e.add(HEAD, path, handler)
+	e.add(HEAD, path, handler, middleware...)
 }
 
 // Options adds an OPTIONS route > handler to the router.
-func (e *Echo) Options(path string, handler interface{}) {
+func (e *Echo) Options(path string, handler interface{}, middleware ...interface{}) {
-	e.add(OPTIONS, path, handler)
+	e.add(OPTIONS, path, handler, middleware...)
 }
 
 // Patch adds a PATCH route > handler to the router.
-func (e *Echo) Patch(path string, handler interface{}) {
+func (e *Echo) Patch(path string, handler interface{}, middleware ...interface{}) {
-	e.add(PATCH, path, handler)
+	e.add(PATCH, path, handler, middleware...)
 }
 
 // Post adds a POST route > handler to the router.
-func (e *Echo) Post(path string, handler interface{}) {
+func (e *Echo) Post(path string, handler interface{}, middleware ...interface{}) {
-	e.add(POST, path, handler)
+	e.add(POST, path, handler, middleware...)
 }
 
 // Put adds a PUT route > handler to the router.
-func (e *Echo) Put(path string, handler interface{}) {
+func (e *Echo) Put(path string, handler interface{}, middleware ...interface{}) {
-	e.add(PUT, path, handler)
+	e.add(PUT, path, handler, middleware...)
 }
 
 // Trace adds a TRACE route > handler to the router.
-func (e *Echo) Trace(path string, handler interface{}) {
+func (e *Echo) Trace(path string, handler interface{}, middleware ...interface{}) {
-	e.add(TRACE, path, handler)
+	e.add(TRACE, path, handler, middleware...)
 }
 
 // Any adds a route > handler to the router for all HTTP methods.
-func (e *Echo) Any(path string, handler interface{}) {
+func (e *Echo) Any(path string, handler interface{}, middleware ...interface{}) {
 	for _, m := range methods {
-		e.add(m, path, handler)
+		e.add(m, path, handler, middleware...)
 	}
 }
 
 // Match adds a route > handler to the router for multiple HTTP methods provided.
-func (e *Echo) Match(methods []string, path string, handler interface{}) {
+func (e *Echo) Match(methods []string, path string, handler interface{}, middleware ...interface{}) {
 	for _, m := range methods {
-		e.add(m, path, handler)
+		e.add(m, path, handler, middleware...)
 	}
 }
 
 // NOTE: v2
-func (e *Echo) add(method, path string, h interface{}) {
+func (e *Echo) add(method, path string, handler interface{}, middleware ...interface{}) {
-	path = e.prefix + path
+	h := wrapHandler(handler)
-	e.router.Add(method, path, wrapHandler(h), e)
+	name := handlerName(handler)
+	e.router.Add(method, path, HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
+		for _, m := range middleware {
+			h = wrapMiddleware(m).Handle(h)
+		}
+		return h.Handle(c)
+	}), e)
 	r := Route{
 		Method:  method,
 		Path:    path,
-		Handler: runtime.FuncForPC(reflect.ValueOf(h).Pointer()).Name(),
+		Handler: name,
 	}
 	e.router.routes = append(e.router.routes, r)
 }
 
-// Index serves index file.
+// Group creates a new sub-router with prefix.
-func (e *Echo) Index(file string) {
+func (e *Echo) Group(prefix string, middleware ...interface{}) (g *Group) {
-	e.ServeFile("/", file)
+	g = &Group{prefix: prefix, echo: e}
-}
+	g.Use(middleware...)
-
-// Favicon serves the default favicon - GET /favicon.ico.
-func (e *Echo) Favicon(file string) {
-	e.ServeFile("/favicon.ico", file)
-}
-
-// Static serves static files from a directory. It's an alias for `Echo.ServeDir`
-func (e *Echo) Static(path, dir string) {
-	e.ServeDir(path, dir)
-}
-
-// ServeDir serves files from a directory.
-func (e *Echo) ServeDir(path, dir string) {
-	e.Get(path+"*", func(c Context) error {
-		return e.serveFile(dir, c.P(0), c) // Param `_*`
-	})
-}
-
-// ServeFile serves a file.
-func (e *Echo) ServeFile(path, file string) {
-	e.Get(path, func(c Context) error {
-		dir, file := filepath.Split(file)
-		return e.serveFile(dir, file, c)
-	})
-}
-
-func (e *Echo) serveFile(dir, file string, c Context) (err error) {
-	fs := http.Dir(dir)
-	f, err := fs.Open(file)
-	if err != nil {
-		return NewHTTPError(http.StatusNotFound)
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	fi, _ := f.Stat()
-	if fi.IsDir() {
-		/* NOTE:
-		Not checking the Last-Modified header as it caches the response `304` when
-		changing differnt directories for the same path.
-		*/
-		d := f
-
-		// Index file
-		file = path.Join(file, indexPage)
-		f, err = fs.Open(file)
-		if err != nil {
-			if e.autoIndex {
-				// Auto index
-				return listDir(d, c)
-			}
-			return NewHTTPError(http.StatusForbidden)
-		}
-		fi, _ = f.Stat() // Index file stat
-	}
-	c.Response().WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	io.Copy(c.Response(), f)
-	// TODO:
-	// http.ServeContent(c.Response(), c.Request(), fi.Name(), fi.ModTime(), f)
 	return
 }
 
-func listDir(d http.File, c Context) (err error) {
-	dirs, err := d.Readdir(-1)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Create directory index
-	w := c.Response()
-	w.Header().Set(ContentType, TextHTMLCharsetUTF8)
-	fmt.Fprintf(w, "<pre>\n")
-	for _, d := range dirs {
-		name := d.Name()
-		color := "#212121"
-		if d.IsDir() {
-			color = "#e91e63"
-			name += "/"
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "<a href=\"%s\" style=\"color: %s;\">%s</a>\n", name, color, name)
-	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(w, "</pre>\n")
-	return
-}
-
-// Group creates a new sub router with prefix. It inherits all properties from
-// the parent. Passing middleware overrides parent middleware.
-func (e *Echo) Group(prefix string, m ...MiddlewareFunc) *Group {
-	g := &Group{*e}
-	g.echo.prefix += prefix
-	if len(m) == 0 {
-		mw := make([]MiddlewareFunc, len(g.echo.middleware))
-		copy(mw, g.echo.middleware)
-		g.echo.middleware = mw
-	} else {
-		g.echo.middleware = nil
-		g.Use(m...)
-	}
-	return g
-}
-
 // URI generates a URI from handler.
-func (e *Echo) URI(h HandlerFunc, params ...interface{}) string {
+func (e *Echo) URI(handler interface{}, params ...interface{}) string {
 	uri := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	pl := len(params)
+	ln := len(params)
 	n := 0
-	hn := runtime.FuncForPC(reflect.ValueOf(h).Pointer()).Name()
+	name := handlerName(handler)
 	for _, r := range e.router.routes {
-		if r.Handler == hn {
+		if r.Handler == name {
 			for i, l := 0, len(r.Path); i < l; i++ {
-				if r.Path[i] == ':' && n < pl {
+				if r.Path[i] == ':' && n < ln {
 					for ; i < l && r.Path[i] != '/'; i++ {
 					}
 					uri.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", params[n]))
@@ -501,8 +400,8 @@ func (e *Echo) URI(h HandlerFunc, params ...interface{}) string {
 }
 
 // URL is an alias for `URI` function.
-func (e *Echo) URL(h HandlerFunc, params ...interface{}) string {
+func (e *Echo) URL(handler interface{}, params ...interface{}) string {
-	return e.URI(h, params...)
+	return e.URI(handler, params...)
 }
 
 // Routes returns the registered routes.
@@ -511,37 +410,23 @@ func (e *Echo) Routes() []Route {
 }
 
 func (e *Echo) ServeHTTP(req engine.Request, res engine.Response) {
-	if e.hook != nil {
-		e.hook(req, res)
-	}
-
 	c := e.pool.Get().(*context)
-	h, e := e.router.Find(req.Method(), req.URL().Path(), c)
+	c.reset(req, res)
-	c.reset(req, res, e)
+	h := Handler(c)
 
 	// Chain middleware with handler in the end
 	for i := len(e.middleware) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		h = e.middleware[i](h)
+		h = e.middleware[i].Handle(h)
 	}
 
 	// Execute chain
-	if err := h(c); err != nil {
+	if err := h.Handle(c); err != nil {
 		e.httpErrorHandler(err, c)
 	}
 
 	e.pool.Put(c)
 }
 
-// Server returns the internal *http.Server.
-// func (e *Echo) Server(addr string) *http.Server {
-// 	s := &http.Server{Addr: addr, Handler: e}
-// 	// TODO: Remove in Go 1.6+
-// 	if e.http2 {
-// 		http2.ConfigureServer(s, nil)
-// 	}
-// 	return s
-// }
-
 // Run starts the HTTP engine.
 func (e *Echo) Run(eng engine.Engine) {
 	eng.SetHandler(e.ServeHTTP)
@@ -575,7 +460,7 @@ func (e *HTTPError) Error() string {
 
 func (binder) Bind(r engine.Request, i interface{}) (err error) {
 	ct := r.Header().Get(ContentType)
-	err = UnsupportedMediaType
+	err = ErrUnsupportedMediaType
 	if strings.HasPrefix(ct, ApplicationJSON) {
 		if err = json.NewDecoder(r.Body()).Decode(i); err != nil {
 			err = NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
@@ -588,28 +473,40 @@ func (binder) Bind(r engine.Request, i interface{}) (err error) {
 	return
 }
 
-func wrapMiddleware(m interface{}) MiddlewareFunc {
+func wrapMiddleware(m interface{}) Middleware {
 	switch m := m.(type) {
 	case Middleware:
-		return m.Process
+		return m
 	case MiddlewareFunc:
 		return m
-	case func(HandlerFunc) HandlerFunc:
+	case func(Handler) Handler:
-		return m
+		return MiddlewareFunc(m)
 	default:
 		panic("invalid middleware")
 	}
 }
 
-func wrapHandler(h interface{}) HandlerFunc {
+func wrapHandler(h interface{}) Handler {
 	switch h := h.(type) {
 	case Handler:
-		return h.Handle
+		return h
 	case HandlerFunc:
 		return h
 	case func(Context) error:
-		return h
+		return HandlerFunc(h)
 	default:
-		panic("invalid handler")
+		panic("echo => invalid handler")
+	}
+}
+
+func handlerName(h interface{}) string {
+	switch h := h.(type) {
+	case Handler:
+		t := reflect.TypeOf(h)
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s » %s", t.PkgPath(), t.Name())
+	case HandlerFunc, func(Context) error:
+		return runtime.FuncForPC(reflect.ValueOf(h).Pointer()).Name()
+	default:
+		panic("echo => invalid handler")
 	}
 }

echo_test.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 
 	"errors"
 
-	"github.com/labstack/echo/engine"
 	"github.com/labstack/echo/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
@@ -41,77 +40,29 @@ func TestEcho(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, rec.Status())
 }
 
-func TestEchoIndex(t *testing.T) {
-	e := New()
-	e.Index("_fixture/index.html")
-	c, b := request(GET, "/", e)
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, c)
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, b)
-}
-
-func TestEchoFavicon(t *testing.T) {
-	e := New()
-	e.Favicon("_fixture/favicon.ico")
-	c, b := request(GET, "/favicon.ico", e)
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, c)
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, b)
-}
-
-func TestEchoStatic(t *testing.T) {
-	e := New()
-
-	// OK
-	e.Static("/images", "_fixture/images")
-	c, b := request(GET, "/images/walle.png", e)
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, c)
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, b)
-
-	// No file
-	e.Static("/images", "_fixture/scripts")
-	c, _ = request(GET, "/images/bolt.png", e)
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, c)
-
-	// Directory
-	e.Static("/images", "_fixture/images")
-	c, _ = request(GET, "/images", e)
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, c)
-
-	// Directory with index.html
-	e.Static("/", "_fixture")
-	c, r := request(GET, "/", e)
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, c)
-	assert.Equal(t, true, strings.HasPrefix(r, "<!doctype html>"))
-
-	// Sub-directory with index.html
-	c, r = request(GET, "/folder", e)
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, c)
-	assert.Equal(t, true, strings.HasPrefix(r, "<!doctype html>"))
-	// assert.Equal(t, "sub directory", r)
-}
-
 func TestEchoMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 	e := New()
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 
-	e.Use(func(h HandlerFunc) HandlerFunc {
+	e.Use(func(h Handler) Handler {
-		return func(c Context) error {
+		return HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 			buf.WriteString("a")
-			return h(c)
+			return h.Handle(c)
-		}
+		})
 	})
 
-	e.Use(func(h HandlerFunc) HandlerFunc {
+	e.Use(func(h Handler) Handler {
-		return func(c Context) error {
+		return HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 			buf.WriteString("b")
-			return h(c)
+			return h.Handle(c)
-		}
+		})
 	})
 
-	e.Use(func(h HandlerFunc) HandlerFunc {
+	e.Use(func(h Handler) Handler {
-		return func(c Context) error {
+		return HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 			buf.WriteString("c")
-			return h(c)
+			return h.Handle(c)
-		}
+		})
 	})
 
 	// Route
@@ -125,10 +76,10 @@ func TestEchoMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "OK", b)
 
 	// Error
-	e.Use(func(h HandlerFunc) HandlerFunc {
+	e.Use(func(Handler) Handler {
-		return func(c Context) error {
+		return HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 			return errors.New("error")
-		}
+		})
 	})
 	c, b = request(GET, "/", e)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, c)
@@ -138,9 +89,9 @@ func TestEchoHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	e := New()
 
 	// HandlerFunc
-	e.Get("/ok", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
+	e.Get("/ok", func(c Context) error {
 		return c.String(http.StatusOK, "OK")
-	}))
+	})
 
 	c, b := request(GET, "/ok", e)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, c)
@@ -208,7 +159,6 @@ func TestEchoMatch(t *testing.T) { // JFC
 
 func TestEchoURL(t *testing.T) {
 	e := New()
-
 	static := func(Context) error { return nil }
 	getUser := func(Context) error { return nil }
 	getFile := func(Context) error { return nil }
@@ -248,11 +198,11 @@ func TestEchoRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 func TestEchoGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	e := New()
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	e.Use(func(h HandlerFunc) HandlerFunc {
+	e.Use(func(h Handler) Handler {
-		return func(c Context) error {
+		return HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 			buf.WriteString("0")
-			return h(c)
+			return h.Handle(c)
-		}
+		})
 	})
 	h := func(c Context) error {
 		return c.NoContent(http.StatusOK)
@@ -266,27 +216,18 @@ func TestEchoGroup(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Group
 	g1 := e.Group("/group1")
-	g1.Use(func(h HandlerFunc) HandlerFunc {
+	g1.Use(func(h Handler) Handler {
-		return func(c Context) error {
+		return HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 			buf.WriteString("1")
-			return h(c)
+			return h.Handle(c)
-		}
+		})
 	})
 	g1.Get("/", h)
 
-	// Group with no parent middleware
-	g2 := e.Group("/group2", func(h HandlerFunc) HandlerFunc {
-		return func(c Context) error {
-			buf.WriteString("2")
-			return h(c)
-		}
-	})
-	g2.Get("/", h)
-
 	// Nested groups
-	g3 := e.Group("/group3")
+	g2 := e.Group("/group2")
-	g4 := g3.Group("/group4")
+	g3 := g2.Group("/group3")
-	g4.Get("/", h)
+	g3.Get("/", h)
 
 	request(GET, "/users", e)
 	assert.Equal(t, "0", buf.String())
@@ -296,11 +237,7 @@ func TestEchoGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "01", buf.String())
 
 	buf.Reset()
-	request(GET, "/group2/", e)
+	c, _ := request(GET, "/group2/group3/", e)
-	assert.Equal(t, "2", buf.String())
-
-	buf.Reset()
-	c, _ := request(GET, "/group3/group4/", e)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, c)
 }
 
@@ -330,30 +267,6 @@ func TestEchoHTTPError(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, m, he.Error())
 }
 
-func TestEchoServer(t *testing.T) {
-	// e := New()
-	// s := e.Server(":1323")
-	// assert.IsType(t, &http.Server{}, s)
-}
-
-func TestEchoHook(t *testing.T) {
-	e := New()
-	e.Get("/test", func(c Context) error {
-		return c.NoContent(http.StatusNoContent)
-	})
-	e.Hook(func(req engine.Request, res engine.Response) {
-		path := req.URL().Path()
-		l := len(path) - 1
-		if path != "/" && path[l] == '/' {
-			req.URL().SetPath(path[:l])
-		}
-	})
-	req := test.NewRequest(GET, "/test/", nil)
-	rec := test.NewResponseRecorder()
-	e.ServeHTTP(req, rec)
-	assert.Equal(t, req.URL().Path(), "/test")
-}
-
 func testMethod(t *testing.T, method, path string, e *Echo) {
 	m := fmt.Sprintf("%c%s", method[0], strings.ToLower(method[1:]))
 	p := reflect.ValueOf(path)

group.go

@@ -2,64 +2,72 @@ package echo
 
 type (
 	Group struct {
-		echo Echo
+		prefix     string
+		middleware []Middleware
+		echo       *Echo
 	}
 )
 
-func (g *Group) Use(m ...MiddlewareFunc) {
+func (g *Group) Use(middleware ...interface{}) {
-	for _, h := range m {
+	for _, m := range middleware {
-		g.echo.middleware = append(g.echo.middleware, h)
+		g.middleware = append(g.middleware, wrapMiddleware(m))
 	}
 }
 
-func (g *Group) Connect(path string, h HandlerFunc) {
+func (g *Group) Connect(path string, handler interface{}) {
-	g.echo.Connect(path, h)
+	g.add(CONNECT, path, handler)
 }
 
-func (g *Group) Delete(path string, h HandlerFunc) {
+func (g *Group) Delete(path string, handler interface{}) {
-	g.echo.Delete(path, h)
+	g.add(DELETE, path, handler)
 }
 
-func (g *Group) Get(path string, h HandlerFunc) {
+func (g *Group) Get(path string, handler interface{}) {
-	g.echo.Get(path, h)
+	g.add(GET, path, handler)
 }
 
-func (g *Group) Head(path string, h HandlerFunc) {
+func (g *Group) Head(path string, handler interface{}) {
-	g.echo.Head(path, h)
+	g.add(HEAD, path, handler)
 }
 
-func (g *Group) Options(path string, h HandlerFunc) {
+func (g *Group) Options(path string, handler interface{}) {
-	g.echo.Options(path, h)
+	g.add(OPTIONS, path, handler)
 }
 
-func (g *Group) Patch(path string, h HandlerFunc) {
+func (g *Group) Patch(path string, handler interface{}) {
-	g.echo.Patch(path, h)
+	g.add(PATCH, path, handler)
 }
 
-func (g *Group) Post(path string, h HandlerFunc) {
+func (g *Group) Post(path string, handler interface{}) {
-	g.echo.Post(path, h)
+	g.add(POST, path, handler)
 }
 
-func (g *Group) Put(path string, h HandlerFunc) {
+func (g *Group) Put(path string, handler interface{}) {
-	g.echo.Put(path, h)
+	g.add(PUT, path, handler)
 }
 
-func (g *Group) Trace(path string, h HandlerFunc) {
+func (g *Group) Trace(path string, handler interface{}) {
-	g.echo.Trace(path, h)
+	g.add(TRACE, path, handler)
 }
 
-func (g *Group) Static(path, root string) {
+func (g *Group) Group(prefix string, middleware ...interface{}) *Group {
-	g.echo.Static(path, root)
+	return g.echo.Group(prefix, middleware...)
 }
 
-func (g *Group) ServeDir(path, root string) {
+func (g *Group) add(method, path string, handler interface{}) {
-	g.echo.ServeDir(path, root)
+	path = g.prefix + path
-}
+	h := wrapHandler(handler)
-
+	name := handlerName(handler)
-func (g *Group) ServeFile(path, file string) {
+	g.echo.router.Add(method, path, HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
-	g.echo.ServeFile(path, file)
+		for i := len(g.middleware) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-}
+			h = g.middleware[i].Handle(h)
-
+		}
-func (g *Group) Group(prefix string, m ...MiddlewareFunc) *Group {
+		return h.Handle(c)
-	return g.echo.Group(prefix, m...)
+	}), g.echo)
+	r := Route{
+		Method:  method,
+		Path:    path,
+		Handler: name,
+	}
+	g.echo.router.routes = append(g.echo.router.routes, r)
 }

group_test.go

@@ -14,7 +14,4 @@ func TestGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	g.Post("/", h)
 	g.Put("/", h)
 	g.Trace("/", h)
-	g.Static("/scripts", "scripts")
-	g.ServeDir("/scripts", "scripts")
-	g.ServeFile("/scripts/main.js", "scripts/main.js")
 }

handler/static.go

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package handler
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"path"
+
+	"github.com/labstack/echo"
+)
+
+type (
+	Static struct {
+		Root   string
+		Browse bool
+		Index  string
+	}
+
+	FaviconOptions struct {
+	}
+)
+
+func (s Static) Handle(c echo.Context) error {
+	fs := http.Dir(s.Root)
+	file := c.P(0)
+	f, err := fs.Open(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return echo.ErrNotFound
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	fi, err := f.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if fi.IsDir() {
+		/* NOTE:
+		Not checking the Last-Modified header as it caches the response `304` when
+		changing differnt directories for the same path.
+		*/
+		d := f
+
+		// Index file
+		file = path.Join(file, s.Index)
+		f, err = fs.Open(file)
+		if err != nil {
+			if s.Browse {
+				dirs, err := d.Readdir(-1)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+
+				// Create a directory index
+				w := c.Response()
+				w.Header().Set(echo.ContentType, echo.TextHTMLCharsetUTF8)
+				if _, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, "<pre>\n"); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				for _, d := range dirs {
+					name := d.Name()
+					color := "#212121"
+					if d.IsDir() {
+						color = "#e91e63"
+						name += "/"
+					}
+					if _, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, "<a href=\"%s\" style=\"color: %s;\">%s</a>\n", name, color, name); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+				}
+				_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, "</pre>\n")
+				return err
+			}
+			return echo.ErrNotFound
+		}
+		fi, _ = f.Stat() // Index file stat
+	}
+	c.Response().WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	io.Copy(c.Response(), f)
+	return nil
+	// TODO:
+	// http.ServeContent(c.Response(), c.Request(), fi.Name(), fi.ModTime(), f)
+}
+
+// Favicon serves the default favicon - GET /favicon.ico.
+func Favicon(root string, options ...FaviconOptions) echo.MiddlewareFunc {
+	return func(h echo.Handler) echo.Handler {
+		return echo.HandlerFunc(func(c echo.Context) error {
+			return nil
+		})
+	}
+}

middleware/auth.go

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ const (
 // For valid credentials it calls the next handler.
 // For invalid credentials, it sends "401 - Unauthorized" response.
 func BasicAuth(fn BasicValidateFunc) echo.MiddlewareFunc {
-	return func(h echo.HandlerFunc) echo.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(h echo.Handler) echo.Handler {
-		return func(c echo.Context) error {
+		return echo.HandlerFunc(func(c echo.Context) error {
 			// Skip WebSocket
 			if (c.Request().Header().Get(echo.Upgrade)) == echo.WebSocket {
 				return nil
@@ -46,6 +46,6 @@ func BasicAuth(fn BasicValidateFunc) echo.MiddlewareFunc {
 			}
 			c.Response().Header().Set(echo.WWWAuthenticate, basic+" realm=Restricted")
 			return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusUnauthorized)
-		}
+		})
 	}
 }

middleware/auth_test.go

@@ -21,15 +21,14 @@ func TestBasicAuth(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		return false
 	}
-	h := func(c echo.Context) error {
+	h := BasicAuth(fn)(echo.HandlerFunc(func(c echo.Context) error {
 		return c.String(http.StatusOK, "test")
-	}
+	}))
-	mw := BasicAuth(fn)(h)
 
 	// Valid credentials
 	auth := basic + " " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("joe:secret"))
 	req.Header().Set(echo.Authorization, auth)
-	assert.NoError(t, mw(c))
+	assert.NoError(t, h.Handle(c))
 
 	//---------------------
 	// Invalid credentials
@@ -38,24 +37,24 @@ func TestBasicAuth(t *testing.T) {
 	// Incorrect password
 	auth = basic + " " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("joe:password"))
 	req.Header().Set(echo.Authorization, auth)
-	he := mw(c).(*echo.HTTPError)
+	he := h.Handle(c).(*echo.HTTPError)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, he.Code())
 	assert.Equal(t, basic+" realm=Restricted", res.Header().Get(echo.WWWAuthenticate))
 
 	// Empty Authorization header
 	req.Header().Set(echo.Authorization, "")
-	he = mw(c).(*echo.HTTPError)
+	he = h.Handle(c).(*echo.HTTPError)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, he.Code())
 	assert.Equal(t, basic+" realm=Restricted", res.Header().Get(echo.WWWAuthenticate))
 
 	// Invalid Authorization header
 	auth = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("invalid"))
 	req.Header().Set(echo.Authorization, auth)
-	he = mw(c).(*echo.HTTPError)
+	he = h.Handle(c).(*echo.HTTPError)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, he.Code())
 	assert.Equal(t, basic+" realm=Restricted", res.Header().Get(echo.WWWAuthenticate))
 
 	// WebSocket
 	c.Request().Header().Set(echo.Upgrade, echo.WebSocket)
-	assert.NoError(t, mw(c))
+	assert.NoError(t, h.Handle(c))
 }

middleware/compress.go

@@ -49,10 +49,9 @@ var writerPool = sync.Pool{
 // Gzip returns a middleware which compresses HTTP response using gzip compression
 // scheme.
 func Gzip() echo.MiddlewareFunc {
-	return func(h echo.HandlerFunc) echo.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(h echo.Handler) echo.Handler {
 		scheme := "gzip"
-
+		return echo.HandlerFunc(func(c echo.Context) error {
-		return func(c echo.Context) error {
 			c.Response().Header().Add(echo.Vary, echo.AcceptEncoding)
 			if strings.Contains(c.Request().Header().Get(echo.AcceptEncoding), scheme) {
 				w := writerPool.Get().(*gzip.Writer)
@@ -69,6 +68,6 @@ func Gzip() echo.MiddlewareFunc {
 				c.Error(err)
 			}
 			return nil
-		}
+		})
 	}
 }

middleware/compress_test.go

@@ -35,13 +35,12 @@ func TestGzip(t *testing.T) {
 	req := test.NewRequest(echo.GET, "/", nil)
 	rec := test.NewResponseRecorder()
 	c := echo.NewContext(req, rec, e)
-	h := func(c echo.Context) error {
+	// Skip if no Accept-Encoding header
+	h := Gzip()(echo.HandlerFunc(func(c echo.Context) error {
 		c.Response().Write([]byte("test")) // For Content-Type sniffing
 		return nil
-	}
+	}))
-
+	h.Handle(c)
-	// Skip if no Accept-Encoding header
-	Gzip()(h)(c)
 	// assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Status())
 	assert.Equal(t, "test", rec.Body.String())
 
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ func TestGzip(t *testing.T) {
 	c = echo.NewContext(req, rec, e)
 
 	// Gzip
-	Gzip()(h)(c)
+	h.Handle(c)
 	// assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Status())
 	assert.Equal(t, "gzip", rec.Header().Get(echo.ContentEncoding))
 	assert.Contains(t, rec.Header().Get(echo.ContentType), echo.TextPlain)

middleware/log.go

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 func Log() echo.MiddlewareFunc {
-	return func(h echo.HandlerFunc) echo.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(h echo.Handler) echo.Handler {
-		return func(c echo.Context) error {
+		return echo.HandlerFunc(func(c echo.Context) error {
 			req := c.Request()
 			res := c.Response()
 			logger := c.Logger()
@@ -49,6 +49,6 @@ func Log() echo.MiddlewareFunc {
 
 			logger.Infof("%s %s %s %s %s %d", remoteAddr, method, path, code, stop.Sub(start), size)
 			return nil
-		}
+		})
 	}
 }

middleware/log_test.go

@@ -18,38 +18,37 @@ func TestLog(t *testing.T) {
 	req := test.NewRequest(echo.GET, "/", nil)
 	rec := test.NewResponseRecorder()
 	c := echo.NewContext(req, rec, e)
-	h := func(c echo.Context) error {
+	h := Log()(echo.HandlerFunc(func(c echo.Context) error {
 		return c.String(http.StatusOK, "test")
-	}
+	}))
-	mw := Log()(h)
 
 	// Status 2xx
-	mw(c)
+	h.Handle(c)
 
 	// Status 3xx
 	rec = test.NewResponseRecorder()
 	c = echo.NewContext(req, rec, e)
-	h = func(c echo.Context) error {
+	h = Log()(echo.HandlerFunc(func(c echo.Context) error {
 		return c.String(http.StatusTemporaryRedirect, "test")
-	}
+	}))
-	mw(c)
+	h.Handle(c)
 
 	// Status 4xx
 	rec = test.NewResponseRecorder()
 	c = echo.NewContext(req, rec, e)
-	h = func(c echo.Context) error {
+	h = Log()(echo.HandlerFunc(func(c echo.Context) error {
 		return c.String(http.StatusNotFound, "test")
-	}
+	}))
-	mw(c)
+	h.Handle(c)
 
 	// Status 5xx with empty path
 	req = test.NewRequest(echo.GET, "", nil)
 	rec = test.NewResponseRecorder()
 	c = echo.NewContext(req, rec, e)
-	h = func(c echo.Context) error {
+	h = Log()(echo.HandlerFunc(func(c echo.Context) error {
 		return errors.New("error")
-	}
+	}))
-	mw(c)
+	h.Handle(c)
 }
 
 func TestLogIPAddress(t *testing.T) {
@@ -60,25 +59,24 @@ func TestLogIPAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	e.Logger().(*log.Logger).SetOutput(buf)
 	ip := "127.0.0.1"
-	h := func(c echo.Context) error {
+	h := Log()(echo.HandlerFunc(func(c echo.Context) error {
 		return c.String(http.StatusOK, "test")
-	}
+	}))
-	mw := Log()(h)
 
 	// With X-Real-IP
 	req.Header().Add(echo.XRealIP, ip)
-	mw(c)
+	h.Handle(c)
 	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), ip)
 
 	// With X-Forwarded-For
 	buf.Reset()
 	req.Header().Del(echo.XRealIP)
 	req.Header().Add(echo.XForwardedFor, ip)
-	mw(c)
+	h.Handle(c)
 	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), ip)
 
 	// with req.RemoteAddr
 	buf.Reset()
-	mw(c)
+	h.Handle(c)
 	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), ip)
 }

middleware/recover.go

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ import (
 // Recover returns a middleware which recovers from panics anywhere in the chain
 // and handles the control to the centralized HTTPErrorHandler.
 func Recover() echo.MiddlewareFunc {
-	return func(h echo.HandlerFunc) echo.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(h echo.Handler) echo.Handler {
 		// TODO: Provide better stack trace `https://github.com/go-errors/errors` `https://github.com/docker/libcontainer/tree/master/stacktrace`
-		return func(c echo.Context) error {
+		return echo.HandlerFunc(func(c echo.Context) error {
 			defer func() {
 				if err := recover(); err != nil {
 					trace := make([]byte, 1<<16)
@@ -23,6 +23,6 @@ func Recover() echo.MiddlewareFunc {
 				}
 			}()
 			return h.Handle(c)
-		}
+		})
 	}
 }

middleware/recover_test.go

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ func TestRecover(t *testing.T) {
 	req := test.NewRequest(echo.GET, "/", nil)
 	rec := test.NewResponseRecorder()
 	c := echo.NewContext(req, rec, e)
-	h := func(c echo.Context) error {
+	h := Recover()(echo.HandlerFunc(func(c echo.Context) error {
 		panic("test")
-	}
+	}))
-	Recover()(h)(c)
+	h.Handle(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, rec.Status())
 	assert.Contains(t, rec.Body.String(), "panic recover")
 }

router.go

@@ -15,20 +15,19 @@ type (
 		ppath         string
 		pnames        []string
 		methodHandler *methodHandler
-		echo          *Echo
 	}
 	kind          uint8
 	children      []*node
 	methodHandler struct {
-		connect HandlerFunc
+		connect Handler
-		delete  HandlerFunc
+		delete  Handler
-		get     HandlerFunc
+		get     Handler
-		head    HandlerFunc
+		head    Handler
-		options HandlerFunc
+		options Handler
-		patch   HandlerFunc
+		patch   Handler
-		post    HandlerFunc
+		post    Handler
-		put     HandlerFunc
+		put     Handler
-		trace   HandlerFunc
+		trace   Handler
 	}
 )
 
@@ -48,7 +47,20 @@ func NewRouter(e *Echo) *Router {
 	}
 }
 
-func (r *Router) Add(method, path string, h HandlerFunc, e *Echo) {
+func (r *Router) Handle(h Handler) Handler {
+	return HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
+		method := c.Request().Method()
+		path := c.Request().URL().Path()
+		r.Find(method, path, c)
+		return h.Handle(c)
+	})
+}
+
+func (r *Router) Priority() int {
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (r *Router) Add(method, path string, h Handler, e *Echo) {
 	ppath := path        // Pristine path
 	pnames := []string{} // Param names
 
@@ -80,7 +92,7 @@ func (r *Router) Add(method, path string, h HandlerFunc, e *Echo) {
 	r.insert(method, path, h, skind, ppath, pnames, e)
 }
 
-func (r *Router) insert(method, path string, h HandlerFunc, t kind, ppath string, pnames []string, e *Echo) {
+func (r *Router) insert(method, path string, h Handler, t kind, ppath string, pnames []string, e *Echo) {
 	// Adjust max param
 	l := len(pnames)
 	if *e.maxParam < l {
@@ -89,7 +101,7 @@ func (r *Router) insert(method, path string, h HandlerFunc, t kind, ppath string
 
 	cn := r.tree // Current node as root
 	if cn == nil {
-		panic("echo => invalid method")
+		panic("echo ⇛ invalid method")
 	}
 	search := path
 
@@ -115,11 +127,10 @@ func (r *Router) insert(method, path string, h HandlerFunc, t kind, ppath string
 				cn.addHandler(method, h)
 				cn.ppath = ppath
 				cn.pnames = pnames
-				cn.echo = e
 			}
 		} else if l < pl {
 			// Split node
-			n := newNode(cn.kind, cn.prefix[l:], cn, cn.children, cn.methodHandler, cn.ppath, cn.pnames, cn.echo)
+			n := newNode(cn.kind, cn.prefix[l:], cn, cn.children, cn.methodHandler, cn.ppath, cn.pnames)
 
 			// Reset parent node
 			cn.kind = skind
@@ -129,7 +140,6 @@ func (r *Router) insert(method, path string, h HandlerFunc, t kind, ppath string
 			cn.methodHandler = new(methodHandler)
 			cn.ppath = ""
 			cn.pnames = nil
-			cn.echo = nil
 
 			cn.addChild(n)
 
@@ -139,10 +149,9 @@ func (r *Router) insert(method, path string, h HandlerFunc, t kind, ppath string
 				cn.addHandler(method, h)
 				cn.ppath = ppath
 				cn.pnames = pnames
-				cn.echo = e
 			} else {
 				// Create child node
-				n = newNode(t, search[l:], cn, nil, new(methodHandler), ppath, pnames, e)
+				n = newNode(t, search[l:], cn, nil, new(methodHandler), ppath, pnames)
 				n.addHandler(method, h)
 				cn.addChild(n)
 			}
@@ -155,7 +164,7 @@ func (r *Router) insert(method, path string, h HandlerFunc, t kind, ppath string
 				continue
 			}
 			// Create child node
-			n := newNode(t, search, cn, nil, new(methodHandler), ppath, pnames, e)
+			n := newNode(t, search, cn, nil, new(methodHandler), ppath, pnames)
 			n.addHandler(method, h)
 			cn.addChild(n)
 		} else {
@@ -164,14 +173,13 @@ func (r *Router) insert(method, path string, h HandlerFunc, t kind, ppath string
 				cn.addHandler(method, h)
 				cn.ppath = path
 				cn.pnames = pnames
-				cn.echo = e
 			}
 		}
 		return
 	}
 }
 
-func newNode(t kind, pre string, p *node, c children, mh *methodHandler, ppath string, pnames []string, e *Echo) *node {
+func newNode(t kind, pre string, p *node, c children, mh *methodHandler, ppath string, pnames []string) *node {
 	return &node{
 		kind:          t,
 		label:         pre[0],
@@ -181,7 +189,6 @@ func newNode(t kind, pre string, p *node, c children, mh *methodHandler, ppath s
 		ppath:         ppath,
 		pnames:        pnames,
 		methodHandler: mh,
-		echo:          e,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -216,7 +223,7 @@ func (n *node) findChildByKind(t kind) *node {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (n *node) addHandler(method string, h HandlerFunc) {
+func (n *node) addHandler(method string, h Handler) {
 	switch method {
 	case GET:
 		n.methodHandler.get = h
@@ -239,7 +246,7 @@ func (n *node) addHandler(method string, h HandlerFunc) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (n *node) findHandler(method string) HandlerFunc {
+func (n *node) findHandler(method string) Handler {
 	switch method {
 	case GET:
 		return n.methodHandler.get
@@ -273,10 +280,10 @@ func (n *node) check405() HandlerFunc {
 	return notFoundHandler
 }
 
-func (r *Router) Find(method, path string, context Context) (h HandlerFunc, e *Echo) {
+func (r *Router) Find(method, path string, context Context) {
-	x := context.Object()
+	ctx := context.Object()
-	h = notFoundHandler
+	// h = notFoundHandler
-	e = r.echo
+	// e = r.echo
 	cn := r.tree // Current node as root
 
 	var (
@@ -357,7 +364,7 @@ func (r *Router) Find(method, path string, context Context) (h HandlerFunc, e *E
 			i, l := 0, len(search)
 			for ; i < l && search[i] != '/'; i++ {
 			}
-			x.pvalues[n] = search[:i]
+			ctx.pvalues[n] = search[:i]
 			n++
 			search = search[i:]
 			continue
@@ -370,30 +377,27 @@ func (r *Router) Find(method, path string, context Context) (h HandlerFunc, e *E
 			// Not found
 			return
 		}
-		x.pvalues[len(cn.pnames)-1] = search
+		ctx.pvalues[len(cn.pnames)-1] = search
 		goto End
 	}
 
 End:
-	x.path = cn.ppath
+	ctx.path = cn.ppath
-	x.pnames = cn.pnames
+	ctx.pnames = cn.pnames
-	h = cn.findHandler(method)
+	ctx.handler = cn.findHandler(method)
-	if cn.echo != nil {
-		e = cn.echo
-	}
 
 	// NOTE: Slow zone...
-	if h == nil {
+	if ctx.handler == nil {
-		h = cn.check405()
+		ctx.handler = cn.check405()
 
 		// Dig further for match-any, might have an empty value for *, e.g.
 		// serving a directory. Issue #207.
 		if cn = cn.findChildByKind(mkind); cn == nil {
 			return
 		}
-		x.pvalues[len(cn.pnames)-1] = ""
+		ctx.pvalues[len(cn.pnames)-1] = ""
-		if h = cn.findHandler(method); h == nil {
+		if ctx.handler = cn.findHandler(method); ctx.handler == nil {
-			h = cn.check405()
+			ctx.handler = cn.check405()
 		}
 	}
 	return

router_test.go

@@ -277,44 +277,38 @@ func TestRouterStatic(t *testing.T) {
 	e := New()
 	r := e.router
 	path := "/folders/a/files/echo.gif"
-	r.Add(GET, path, func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, path, HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		c.Set("path", path)
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
 	c := NewContext(nil, nil, e)
-	h, _ := r.Find(GET, path, c)
+	r.Find(GET, path, c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
+	c.Handle(c)
-		h(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, path, c.Get("path"))
-	}
 }
 
 func TestRouterParam(t *testing.T) {
 	e := New()
 	r := e.router
-	r.Add(GET, "/users/:id", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users/:id", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
 	c := NewContext(nil, nil, e)
-	h, _ := r.Find(GET, "/users/1", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users/1", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "1", c.P(0))
-	}
 }
 
 func TestRouterTwoParam(t *testing.T) {
 	e := New()
 	r := e.router
-	r.Add(GET, "/users/:uid/files/:fid", func(Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users/:uid/files/:fid", HandlerFunc(func(Context) error {
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
 	c := NewContext(nil, nil, e)
 
-	h, _ := r.Find(GET, "/users/1/files/1", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users/1/files/1", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "1", c.P(0))
 	assert.Equal(t, "1", c.P(1))
-	}
 }
 
 func TestRouterMatchAny(t *testing.T) {
@@ -322,46 +316,38 @@ func TestRouterMatchAny(t *testing.T) {
 	r := e.router
 
 	// Routes
-	r.Add(GET, "/", func(Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/", HandlerFunc(func(Context) error {
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
-	r.Add(GET, "/*", func(Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/*", HandlerFunc(func(Context) error {
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
-	r.Add(GET, "/users/*", func(Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users/*", HandlerFunc(func(Context) error {
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
 	c := NewContext(nil, nil, e)
 
-	h, _ := r.Find(GET, "/", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "", c.P(0))
-	}
 
-	h, _ = r.Find(GET, "/download", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/download", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "download", c.P(0))
-	}
 
-	h, _ = r.Find(GET, "/users/joe", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users/joe", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "joe", c.P(0))
-	}
 }
 
 func TestRouterMicroParam(t *testing.T) {
 	e := New()
 	r := e.router
-	r.Add(GET, "/:a/:b/:c", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/:a/:b/:c", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
 	c := NewContext(nil, nil, e)
-	h, _ := r.Find(GET, "/1/2/3", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/1/2/3", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "1", c.P(0))
 	assert.Equal(t, "2", c.P(1))
 	assert.Equal(t, "3", c.P(2))
-	}
 }
 
 func TestRouterMixParamMatchAny(t *testing.T) {
@@ -369,16 +355,14 @@ func TestRouterMixParamMatchAny(t *testing.T) {
 	r := e.router
 
 	// Route
-	r.Add(GET, "/users/:id/*", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users/:id/*", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
 	c := NewContext(nil, nil, e)
 
-	h, _ := r.Find(GET, "/users/joe/comments", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users/joe/comments", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
+	c.Handle(c)
-		h(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, "joe", c.P(0))
-	}
 }
 
 func TestRouterMultiRoute(t *testing.T) {
@@ -386,32 +370,29 @@ func TestRouterMultiRoute(t *testing.T) {
 	r := e.router
 
 	// Routes
-	r.Add(GET, "/users", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		c.Set("path", "/users")
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
-	r.Add(GET, "/users/:id", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users/:id", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
 	c := NewContext(nil, nil, e)
 
 	// Route > /users
-	h, _ := r.Find(GET, "/users", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
+	c.Handle(c)
-		h(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, "/users", c.Get("path"))
-	}
 
 	// Route > /users/:id
-	h, _ = r.Find(GET, "/users/1", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users/1", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "1", c.P(0))
-	}
 
 	// Route > /user
-	h, _ = r.Find(GET, "/user", c)
+	c = NewContext(nil, nil, e)
-	if assert.IsType(t, new(HTTPError), h(c)) {
+	r.Find(GET, "/user", c)
-		he := h(c).(*HTTPError)
+	if assert.IsType(t, new(HTTPError), c.Handle(c)) {
+		he := c.Handle(c).(*HTTPError)
 		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, he.code)
 	}
 }
@@ -421,85 +402,71 @@ func TestRouterPriority(t *testing.T) {
 	r := e.router
 
 	// Routes
-	r.Add(GET, "/users", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		c.Set("a", 1)
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
-	r.Add(GET, "/users/new", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users/new", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		c.Set("b", 2)
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
-	r.Add(GET, "/users/:id", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users/:id", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		c.Set("c", 3)
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
-	r.Add(GET, "/users/dew", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users/dew", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		c.Set("d", 4)
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
-	r.Add(GET, "/users/:id/files", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users/:id/files", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		c.Set("e", 5)
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
-	r.Add(GET, "/users/newsee", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users/newsee", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		c.Set("f", 6)
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
-	r.Add(GET, "/users/*", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users/*", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		c.Set("g", 7)
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
 	c := NewContext(nil, nil, e)
 
 	// Route > /users
-	h, _ := r.Find(GET, "/users", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
+	c.Handle(c)
-		h(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, 1, c.Get("a"))
-	}
 
 	// Route > /users/new
-	h, _ = r.Find(GET, "/users/new", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users/new", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
+	c.Handle(c)
-		h(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, 2, c.Get("b"))
-	}
 
 	// Route > /users/:id
-	h, _ = r.Find(GET, "/users/1", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users/1", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
+	c.Handle(c)
-		h(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, 3, c.Get("c"))
-	}
 
 	// Route > /users/dew
-	h, _ = r.Find(GET, "/users/dew", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users/dew", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
+	c.Handle(c)
-		h(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, 4, c.Get("d"))
-	}
 
 	// Route > /users/:id/files
-	h, _ = r.Find(GET, "/users/1/files", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users/1/files", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
+	c.Handle(c)
-		h(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, 5, c.Get("e"))
-	}
 
 	// Route > /users/:id
-	h, _ = r.Find(GET, "/users/news", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users/news", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
+	c.Handle(c)
-		h(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, 3, c.Get("c"))
-	}
 
 	// Route > /users/*
-	h, _ = r.Find(GET, "/users/joe/books", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users/joe/books", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
+	c.Handle(c)
-		h(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, 7, c.Get("g"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "joe/books", c.Param("_*"))
-	}
 }
 
 func TestRouterParamNames(t *testing.T) {
@@ -507,40 +474,34 @@ func TestRouterParamNames(t *testing.T) {
 	r := e.router
 
 	// Routes
-	r.Add(GET, "/users", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		c.Set("path", "/users")
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
-	r.Add(GET, "/users/:id", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users/:id", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
-	r.Add(GET, "/users/:uid/files/:fid", func(c Context) error {
+	r.Add(GET, "/users/:uid/files/:fid", HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 		return nil
-	}, e)
+	}), e)
 	c := NewContext(nil, nil, e)
 
 	// Route > /users
-	h, _ := r.Find(GET, "/users", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
+	c.Handle(c)
-		h(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, "/users", c.Get("path"))
-	}
 
 	// Route > /users/:id
-	h, _ = r.Find(GET, "/users/1", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users/1", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "id", c.Object().pnames[0])
 	assert.Equal(t, "1", c.P(0))
-	}
 
 	// Route > /users/:uid/files/:fid
-	h, _ = r.Find(GET, "/users/1/files/1", c)
+	r.Find(GET, "/users/1/files/1", c)
-	if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "uid", c.Object().pnames[0])
 	assert.Equal(t, "1", c.P(0))
 	assert.Equal(t, "fid", c.Object().pnames[1])
 	assert.Equal(t, "1", c.P(1))
-	}
 }
 
 func TestRouterAPI(t *testing.T) {
@@ -548,21 +509,19 @@ func TestRouterAPI(t *testing.T) {
 	r := e.router
 
 	for _, route := range api {
-		r.Add(route.Method, route.Path, func(c Context) error {
+		r.Add(route.Method, route.Path, HandlerFunc(func(c Context) error {
 			return nil
-		}, e)
+		}), e)
 	}
 	c := NewContext(nil, nil, e)
 	for _, route := range api {
-		h, _ := r.Find(route.Method, route.Path, c)
+		r.Find(route.Method, route.Path, c)
-		if assert.NotNil(t, h) {
 		for i, n := range c.Object().pnames {
 			if assert.NotEmpty(t, n) {
 				assert.Equal(t, ":"+n, c.P(i))
 			}
 		}
-			h(c)
+		c.Handle(c)
-		}
 	}
 }