feat: Bind data using headers as source (#1866)

Currently, echo supports binding data from query, path or body.
Sometimes we need to read bind data from headers. It would be nice to
automatically bind those using the `bindData` func, which is already
well prepared to accept `http.Header`.

I didn't add this to the `Bind` func, so this will not happen
automatically. Main reason is backwards compatability. It might be
confusing if variables are bound from headers when upgrading, and might
even have become a security issue as pointed out in #1670.

* Add docs for BindHeaders
* Add test for BindHeader with invalid data type

bind.go

@@ -97,6 +97,14 @@ func (b *DefaultBinder) BindBody(c Context, i interface{}) (err error) {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// BindHeaders binds HTTP headers to a bindable object
+func (b *DefaultBinder) BindHeaders(c Context, i interface{}) error {
+	if err := b.bindData(i, c.Request().Header, "header"); err != nil {
+		return NewHTTPError(http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error()).SetInternal(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Bind implements the `Binder#Bind` function.
 // Binding is done in following order: 1) path params; 2) query params; 3) request body. Each step COULD override previous
 // step binded values. For single source binding use their own methods BindBody, BindQueryParams, BindPathParams.
@@ -134,7 +142,7 @@ func (b *DefaultBinder) bindData(destination interface{}, data map[string][]stri
 
 	// !struct
 	if typ.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		if tag == "param" || tag == "query" {
+		if tag == "param" || tag == "query" || tag == "header" {
 			// incompatible type, data is probably to be found in the body
 			return nil
 		}

bind_test.go

@@ -269,6 +269,37 @@ func TestBindQueryParamsCaseSensitivePrioritized(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestBindHeaderParam(t *testing.T) {
+	e := New()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("Name", "Jon Doe")
+	req.Header.Set("Id", "2")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c := e.NewContext(req, rec)
+	u := new(user)
+	err := (&DefaultBinder{}).BindHeaders(c, u)
+	if assert.NoError(t, err) {
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, u.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Jon Doe", u.Name)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBindHeaderParamBadType(t *testing.T) {
+	e := New()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("Id", "salamander")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c := e.NewContext(req, rec)
+	u := new(user)
+	err := (&DefaultBinder{}).BindHeaders(c, u)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+
+	httpErr, ok := err.(*HTTPError)
+	if assert.True(t, ok) {
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, httpErr.Code)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestBindUnmarshalParam(t *testing.T) {
 	e := New()
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/?ts=2016-12-06T19:09:05Z&sa=one,two,three&ta=2016-12-06T19:09:05Z&ta=2016-12-06T19:09:05Z&ST=baz", nil)

echo_test.go

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ import (
 
 type (
 	user struct {
-		ID   int    `json:"id" xml:"id" form:"id" query:"id" param:"id"`
-		Name string `json:"name" xml:"name" form:"name" query:"name" param:"name"`
+		ID   int    `json:"id" xml:"id" form:"id" query:"id" param:"id" header:"id"`
+		Name string `json:"name" xml:"name" form:"name" query:"name" param:"name" header:"name"`
 	}
 )