diff --git a/bind.go b/bind.go
index 186bd83d..38e07150 100644
--- a/bind.go
+++ b/bind.go
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func (b *DefaultBinder) bindData(ptr interface{}, data map[string][]string, tag
 	val := reflect.ValueOf(ptr).Elem()
 
 	if typ.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return errors.New("Binding element must be a struct")
+		return errors.New("binding element must be a struct")
 	}
 
 	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
diff --git a/bind_test.go b/bind_test.go
index 1f1fa486..2fe59573 100644
--- a/bind_test.go
+++ b/bind_test.go
@@ -135,8 +135,7 @@ func TestBindForm(t *testing.T) {
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c := e.NewContext(req, rec)
 	req.Header.Set(HeaderContentType, MIMEApplicationForm)
-	obj := []struct{ Field string }{}
-	err := c.Bind(&obj)
+	err := c.Bind(&[]struct{ Field string }{})
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
diff --git a/context_test.go b/context_test.go
index 1b281ef4..bcbf9751 100644
--- a/context_test.go
+++ b/context_test.go
@@ -2,21 +2,18 @@ package echo
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"encoding/xml"
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"mime/multipart"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"text/template"
 	"time"
 
-	"strings"
-
-	"net/url"
-
-	"encoding/xml"
-
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
@@ -217,7 +214,7 @@ func TestContext(t *testing.T) {
 	c.SetParamNames("foo")
 	c.SetParamValues("bar")
 	c.Set("foe", "ban")
-	c.query = url.Values(map[string][]string{"fon": []string{"baz"}})
+	c.query = url.Values(map[string][]string{"fon": {"baz"}})
 	c.Reset(req, httptest.NewRecorder())
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, len(c.ParamValues()))
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, len(c.ParamNames()))
diff --git a/echo.go b/echo.go
index 4a54b31a..cbdd473d 100644
--- a/echo.go
+++ b/echo.go
@@ -251,10 +251,10 @@ var (
 	ErrForbidden                   = NewHTTPError(http.StatusForbidden)
 	ErrMethodNotAllowed            = NewHTTPError(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
 	ErrStatusRequestEntityTooLarge = NewHTTPError(http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge)
-	ErrValidatorNotRegistered      = errors.New("Validator not registered")
-	ErrRendererNotRegistered       = errors.New("Renderer not registered")
-	ErrInvalidRedirectCode         = errors.New("Invalid redirect status code")
-	ErrCookieNotFound              = errors.New("Cookie not found")
+	ErrValidatorNotRegistered      = errors.New("validator not registered")
+	ErrRendererNotRegistered       = errors.New("renderer not registered")
+	ErrInvalidRedirectCode         = errors.New("invalid redirect status code")
+	ErrCookieNotFound              = errors.New("cookie not found")
 )
 
 // Error handlers
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ func (e *Echo) Reverse(name string, params ...interface{}) string {
 
 // Routes returns the registered routes.
 func (e *Echo) Routes() []*Route {
-	routes := []*Route{}
+	routes := make([]*Route, 0, len(e.router.routes))
 	for _, v := range e.router.routes {
 		routes = append(routes, v)
 	}
@@ -563,11 +563,11 @@ func (e *Echo) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// Middleware
 	h := func(c Context) error {
 		method := r.Method
-		path := r.URL.RawPath
-		if path == "" {
-			path = r.URL.Path
+		rpath := r.URL.RawPath // raw path
+		if rpath == "" {
+			rpath = r.URL.Path
 		}
-		e.router.Find(method, path, c)
+		e.router.Find(method, rpath, c)
 		h := c.Handler()
 		for i := len(e.middleware) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
 			h = e.middleware[i](h)
diff --git a/echo_test.go b/echo_test.go
index a84d310d..6fdaca5a 100644
--- a/echo_test.go
+++ b/echo_test.go
@@ -2,15 +2,12 @@ package echo
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
-	"testing"
-
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
-
-	"errors"
-
+	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
diff --git a/group.go b/group.go
index f7e61a2e..5257e83c 100644
--- a/group.go
+++ b/group.go
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func (g *Group) Match(methods []string, path string, handler HandlerFunc, middle
 
 // Group creates a new sub-group with prefix and optional sub-group-level middleware.
 func (g *Group) Group(prefix string, middleware ...MiddlewareFunc) *Group {
-	m := []MiddlewareFunc{}
+	m := make([]MiddlewareFunc, 0, len(g.middleware)+len(middleware))
 	m = append(m, g.middleware...)
 	m = append(m, middleware...)
 	return g.echo.Group(g.prefix+prefix, m...)
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func (g *Group) Add(method, path string, handler HandlerFunc, middleware ...Midd
 	// Combine into a new slice to avoid accidentally passing the same slice for
 	// multiple routes, which would lead to later add() calls overwriting the
 	// middleware from earlier calls.
-	m := []MiddlewareFunc{}
+	m := make([]MiddlewareFunc, 0, len(g.middleware)+len(middleware))
 	m = append(m, g.middleware...)
 	m = append(m, middleware...)
 	return g.echo.Add(method, g.prefix+path, handler, m...)
diff --git a/middleware/basic_auth.go b/middleware/basic_auth.go
index 6d6a37b4..e6c96324 100644
--- a/middleware/basic_auth.go
+++ b/middleware/basic_auth.go
@@ -93,10 +93,8 @@ func BasicAuthWithConfig(config BasicAuthConfig) echo.MiddlewareFunc {
 				}
 			}
 
-			realm := ""
-			if config.Realm == defaultRealm {
-				realm = defaultRealm
-			} else {
+			realm := defaultRealm
+			if config.Realm != defaultRealm {
 				realm = strconv.Quote(config.Realm)
 			}
 
diff --git a/middleware/basic_auth_test.go b/middleware/basic_auth_test.go
index c1efb306..93023228 100644
--- a/middleware/basic_auth_test.go
+++ b/middleware/basic_auth_test.go
@@ -31,6 +31,19 @@ func TestBasicAuth(t *testing.T) {
 	req.Header.Set(echo.HeaderAuthorization, auth)
 	assert.NoError(t, h(c))
 
+	h = BasicAuthWithConfig(BasicAuthConfig{
+		Skipper:   nil,
+		Validator: f,
+		Realm:     "someRealm",
+	})(func(c echo.Context) error {
+		return c.String(http.StatusOK, "test")
+	})
+
+	// Valid credentials
+	auth = basic + " " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("joe:secret"))
+	req.Header.Set(echo.HeaderAuthorization, auth)
+	assert.NoError(t, h(c))
+
 	// Case-insensitive header scheme
 	auth = strings.ToUpper(basic) + " " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("joe:secret"))
 	req.Header.Set(echo.HeaderAuthorization, auth)
@@ -41,7 +54,7 @@ func TestBasicAuth(t *testing.T) {
 	req.Header.Set(echo.HeaderAuthorization, auth)
 	he := h(c).(*echo.HTTPError)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, he.Code)
-	assert.Equal(t, basic+" realm=Restricted", res.Header().Get(echo.HeaderWWWAuthenticate))
+	assert.Equal(t, basic+` realm="someRealm"`, res.Header().Get(echo.HeaderWWWAuthenticate))
 
 	// Missing Authorization header
 	req.Header.Del(echo.HeaderAuthorization)
diff --git a/middleware/body_dump.go b/middleware/body_dump.go
index 14cf33d1..e64e5e11 100644
--- a/middleware/body_dump.go
+++ b/middleware/body_dump.go
@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@ package middleware
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
+	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 
-	"io"
-
 	"github.com/labstack/echo"
 )
 
diff --git a/middleware/body_dump_test.go b/middleware/body_dump_test.go
index 1da8b5ad..188ed4f9 100644
--- a/middleware/body_dump_test.go
+++ b/middleware/body_dump_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package middleware
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
@@ -31,10 +32,65 @@ func TestBodyDump(t *testing.T) {
 		requestBody = string(reqBody)
 		responseBody = string(resBody)
 	})
+
 	if assert.NoError(t, mw(h)(c)) {
 		assert.Equal(t, requestBody, hw)
 		assert.Equal(t, responseBody, hw)
 		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
 		assert.Equal(t, hw, rec.Body.String())
 	}
+
+	// Must set default skipper
+	BodyDumpWithConfig(BodyDumpConfig{
+		Skipper: nil,
+		Handler: func(c echo.Context, reqBody, resBody []byte) {
+			requestBody = string(reqBody)
+			responseBody = string(resBody)
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+func TestBodyDumpFails(t *testing.T) {
+	e := echo.New()
+	hw := "Hello, World!"
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(echo.POST, "/", strings.NewReader(hw))
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c := e.NewContext(req, rec)
+	h := func(c echo.Context) error {
+		return errors.New("some error")
+	}
+
+	requestBody := ""
+	responseBody := ""
+	mw := BodyDump(func(c echo.Context, reqBody, resBody []byte) {
+		requestBody = string(reqBody)
+		responseBody = string(resBody)
+	})
+
+	if !assert.Error(t, mw(h)(c)) {
+		t.FailNow()
+	}
+
+	assert.Panics(t, func() {
+		mw = BodyDumpWithConfig(BodyDumpConfig{
+			Skipper: nil,
+			Handler: nil,
+		})
+	})
+
+	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+		mw = BodyDumpWithConfig(BodyDumpConfig{
+			Skipper: func(c echo.Context) bool {
+				return true
+			},
+			Handler: func(c echo.Context, reqBody, resBody []byte) {
+				requestBody = string(reqBody)
+				responseBody = string(resBody)
+			},
+		})
+
+		if !assert.Error(t, mw(h)(c)) {
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+	})
 }
diff --git a/middleware/compress_test.go b/middleware/compress_test.go
index 7302de97..ece13bd6 100644
--- a/middleware/compress_test.go
+++ b/middleware/compress_test.go
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ func TestGzip(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, rec.Header().Get(echo.HeaderContentType), echo.MIMETextPlain)
 	r, err := gzip.NewReader(rec.Body)
 	if assert.NoError(t, err) {
-		defer r.Close()
 		buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
+		defer r.Close()
 		buf.ReadFrom(r)
 		assert.Equal(t, "test", buf.String())
 	}
diff --git a/middleware/csrf.go b/middleware/csrf.go
index 0d2b7fd6..dbf1cc62 100644
--- a/middleware/csrf.go
+++ b/middleware/csrf.go
@@ -124,10 +124,11 @@ func CSRFWithConfig(config CSRFConfig) echo.MiddlewareFunc {
 
 			req := c.Request()
 			k, err := c.Cookie(config.CookieName)
-			token := ""
 
+			var token string
+
+			// Generate token
 			if err != nil {
-				// Generate token
 				token = random.String(config.TokenLength)
 			} else {
 				// Reuse token
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ func csrfTokenFromForm(param string) csrfTokenExtractor {
 	return func(c echo.Context) (string, error) {
 		token := c.FormValue(param)
 		if token == "" {
-			return "", errors.New("Missing csrf token in the form parameter")
+			return "", errors.New("missing csrf token in the form parameter")
 		}
 		return token, nil
 	}
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ func csrfTokenFromQuery(param string) csrfTokenExtractor {
 	return func(c echo.Context) (string, error) {
 		token := c.QueryParam(param)
 		if token == "" {
-			return "", errors.New("Missing csrf token in the query string")
+			return "", errors.New("missing csrf token in the query string")
 		}
 		return token, nil
 	}
diff --git a/middleware/jwt.go b/middleware/jwt.go
index 47d885b0..722cade9 100644
--- a/middleware/jwt.go
+++ b/middleware/jwt.go
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func JWTWithConfig(config JWTConfig) echo.MiddlewareFunc {
 	config.keyFunc = func(t *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
 		// Check the signing method
 		if t.Method.Alg() != config.SigningMethod {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unexpected jwt signing method=%v", t.Header["alg"])
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected jwt signing method=%v", t.Header["alg"])
 		}
 		return config.SigningKey, nil
 	}
diff --git a/middleware/key_auth.go b/middleware/key_auth.go
index 4990afd9..c12f4ca9 100644
--- a/middleware/key_auth.go
+++ b/middleware/key_auth.go
@@ -114,14 +114,14 @@ func keyFromHeader(header string, authScheme string) keyExtractor {
 	return func(c echo.Context) (string, error) {
 		auth := c.Request().Header.Get(header)
 		if auth == "" {
-			return "", errors.New("Missing key in request header")
+			return "", errors.New("missing key in request header")
 		}
 		if header == echo.HeaderAuthorization {
 			l := len(authScheme)
 			if len(auth) > l+1 && auth[:l] == authScheme {
 				return auth[l+1:], nil
 			}
-			return "", errors.New("Invalid key in the request header")
+			return "", errors.New("invalid key in the request header")
 		}
 		return auth, nil
 	}
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ func keyFromQuery(param string) keyExtractor {
 	return func(c echo.Context) (string, error) {
 		key := c.QueryParam(param)
 		if key == "" {
-			return "", errors.New("Missing key in the query string")
+			return "", errors.New("missing key in the query string")
 		}
 		return key, nil
 	}
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func keyFromForm(param string) keyExtractor {
 	return func(c echo.Context) (string, error) {
 		key := c.FormValue(param)
 		if key == "" {
-			return "", errors.New("Missing key in the form")
+			return "", errors.New("missing key in the form")
 		}
 		return key, nil
 	}
diff --git a/middleware/logger.go b/middleware/logger.go
index c7b80f8c..87af575f 100644
--- a/middleware/logger.go
+++ b/middleware/logger.go
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ type (
 		// Example "${remote_ip} ${status}"
 		//
 		// Optional. Default value DefaultLoggerConfig.Format.
-		Format                string `yaml:"format"`
+		Format string `yaml:"format"`
 
 		// Optional. Default value DefaultLoggerConfig.CustomTimeFormat.
 		CustomTimeFormat string `yaml:"custom_time_format"`
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ var (
 			`"method":"${method}","uri":"${uri}","status":${status}, "latency":${latency},` +
 			`"latency_human":"${latency_human}","bytes_in":${bytes_in},` +
 			`"bytes_out":${bytes_out}}` + "\n",
-		CustomTimeFormat:"2006-01-02 15:04:05.00000",
-		Output:  os.Stdout,
-		colorer: color.New(),
+		CustomTimeFormat: "2006-01-02 15:04:05.00000",
+		Output:           os.Stdout,
+		colorer:          color.New(),
 	}
 )
 
diff --git a/middleware/logger_test.go b/middleware/logger_test.go
index b869bd8a..5aa988fe 100644
--- a/middleware/logger_test.go
+++ b/middleware/logger_test.go
@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@ package middleware
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
-
-	"encoding/json"
-	"github.com/labstack/echo"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/labstack/echo"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
 func TestLogger(t *testing.T) {
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ func TestLoggerCustomTimestamp(t *testing.T) {
 			`"bytes_out":${bytes_out},"ch":"${header:X-Custom-Header}",` +
 			`"us":"${query:username}", "cf":"${form:username}", "session":"${cookie:session}"}` + "\n",
 		CustomTimeFormat: customTimeFormat,
-		Output:                buf,
+		Output:           buf,
 	}))
 
 	e.GET("/", func(c echo.Context) error {
diff --git a/middleware/proxy.go b/middleware/proxy.go
index ae3ff527..f6147737 100644
--- a/middleware/proxy.go
+++ b/middleware/proxy.go
@@ -108,15 +108,15 @@ func proxyRaw(t *ProxyTarget, c echo.Context) http.Handler {
 			return
 		}
 
-		errc := make(chan error, 2)
+		errCh := make(chan error, 2)
 		cp := func(dst io.Writer, src io.Reader) {
-			_, err := io.Copy(dst, src)
-			errc <- err
+			_, err = io.Copy(dst, src)
+			errCh <- err
 		}
 
 		go cp(out, in)
 		go cp(in, out)
-		err = <-errc
+		err = <-errCh
 		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
 			c.Logger().Errorf("proxy raw, copy body error=%v, url=%s", t.URL, err)
 		}
diff --git a/middleware/proxy_test.go b/middleware/proxy_test.go
index 06d93166..48164baa 100644
--- a/middleware/proxy_test.go
+++ b/middleware/proxy_test.go
@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
-	"testing"
-
 	"net/url"
+	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/labstack/echo"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -48,14 +47,25 @@ func TestProxy(t *testing.T) {
 	url2, _ := url.Parse(t2.URL)
 
 	targets := []*ProxyTarget{
-		&ProxyTarget{
-			URL: url1,
+		{
+			Name: "target 1",
+			URL:  url1,
 		},
-		&ProxyTarget{
-			URL: url2,
+		{
+			Name: "target 2",
+			URL:  url2,
 		},
 	}
-	rb := NewRandomBalancer(targets)
+	rb := NewRandomBalancer(nil)
+	// must add targets:
+	for _, target := range targets {
+		assert.True(t, rb.AddTarget(target))
+	}
+
+	// must ignore duplicates:
+	for _, target := range targets {
+		assert.False(t, rb.AddTarget(target))
+	}
 
 	// Random
 	e := echo.New()
@@ -72,6 +82,12 @@ func TestProxy(t *testing.T) {
 		return expected[body]
 	})
 
+	for _, target := range targets {
+		assert.True(t, rb.RemoveTarget(target.Name))
+	}
+
+	assert.False(t, rb.RemoveTarget("unknown target"))
+
 	// Round-robin
 	rrb := NewRoundRobinBalancer(targets)
 	e = echo.New()
diff --git a/router.go b/router.go
index 3af4be0b..ce81a58f 100644
--- a/router.go
+++ b/router.go
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ func (r *Router) Add(method, path string, h HandlerFunc) {
 	if path[0] != '/' {
 		path = "/" + path
 	}
-	ppath := path        // Pristine path
-	pnames := []string{} // Param names
+	ppath := path       // Pristine path
+	var pnames []string // Param names
 
 	for i, l := 0, len(path); i < l; i++ {
 		if path[i] == ':' {