Merge pull request #45 from labstack/develop

README.md

@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@ Echo is a fast HTTP router (zero memory allocation) and micro web framework in G
 		- `func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)`
 		- `func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) error`
 	- Handler
-		- `func(*echo.Context)`
+		- `echo.HandlerFunc`
 		- `func(*echo.Context) error`
+		- `func(*echo.Context)`
 		- `http.Handler`
 		- `http.HandlerFunc`
 		- `func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)`
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ func main() {
 ## Contribute
 
 **Use issues for everything**
- 
+
 - Report problems
 - Discuss before sending pull request
 - Suggest new features

context.go

@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ type (
 )
 
 // P returns path parameter by index.
-func (c *Context) P(i int) (value string) {
+func (c *Context) P(i uint8) (value string) {
-	if i <= len(c.pnames) {
+	l := uint8(len(c.pnames))
+	if i <= l {
 		value = c.pvalues[i]
 	}
 	return
@@ -64,19 +65,19 @@ func (c *Context) JSON(code int, v interface{}) error {
 }
 
 // String sends a text/plain response with status code.
-func (c *Context) String(code int, s string) (err error) {
+func (c *Context) String(code int, s string) error {
 	c.Response.Header().Set(HeaderContentType, MIMEText+"; charset=utf-8")
 	c.Response.WriteHeader(code)
-	_, err = c.Response.Write([]byte(s))
+	_, err := c.Response.Write([]byte(s))
-	return
+	return err
 }
 
 // HTML sends a text/html response with status code.
-func (c *Context) HTML(code int, html string) (err error) {
+func (c *Context) HTML(code int, html string) error {
 	c.Response.Header().Set(HeaderContentType, MIMEHTML+"; charset=utf-8")
 	c.Response.WriteHeader(code)
-	_, err = c.Response.Write([]byte(html))
+	_, err := c.Response.Write([]byte(html))
-	return
+	return err
 }
 
 // NoContent sends a response with no body and a status code.

echo.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ func New() (e *Echo) {
 	return
 }
 
-// Group creates a new sub router with prefix and inherits all properties from
+// Group creates a new sub router with prefix. It inherits all properties from
 // the parent. Passing middleware overrides parent middleware.
 func (e *Echo) Group(pfx string, m ...Middleware) *Echo {
 	g := *e
@@ -155,13 +156,14 @@ func (e *Echo) Group(pfx string, m ...Middleware) *Echo {
 	return &g
 }
 
-// MaxParam sets the maximum allowed path parameters. Default is 5, good enough
+// MaxParam sets the maximum number of path parameters allowd for the application.
-// for many users.
+// Default value is 5, good enough for many use cases.
 func (e *Echo) MaxParam(n uint8) {
 	e.maxParam = n
 }
 
-// NotFoundHandler registers a custom NotFound handler.
+// NotFoundHandler registers a custom NotFound handler used by router in case it
+// doesn't find any registered handler for HTTP method and path.
 func (e *Echo) NotFoundHandler(h Handler) {
 	e.notFoundHandler = wrapH(h)
 }
@@ -235,7 +237,7 @@ func (e *Echo) Trace(path string, h Handler) {
 }
 
 // URI generates a URI from handler.
-func (e *Echo) URI(h Handler, params ...string) string {
+func (e *Echo) URI(h Handler, params ...interface{}) string {
 	uri := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	lp := len(params)
 	n := 0
@@ -245,7 +247,7 @@ func (e *Echo) URI(h Handler, params ...string) string {
 			if path[i] == ':' && n < lp {
 				for ; i < l && path[i] != '/'; i++ {
 				}
-				uri.WriteString(params[n])
+				uri.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", params[n]))
 				n++
 			}
 			if i < l {
@@ -257,7 +259,7 @@ func (e *Echo) URI(h Handler, params ...string) string {
 }
 
 // URL is an alias for URI
-func (e *Echo) URL(h Handler, params ...string) string {
+func (e *Echo) URL(h Handler, params ...interface{}) string {
 	return e.URI(h, params...)
 }
 
@@ -398,13 +400,15 @@ func wrapM(m Middleware) MiddlewareFunc {
 // wraps Handler
 func wrapH(h Handler) HandlerFunc {
 	switch h := h.(type) {
+	case HandlerFunc:
+		return h
+	case func(*Context) error:
+		return h
 	case func(*Context):
 		return func(c *Context) error {
 			h(c)
 			return nil
 		}
-	case func(*Context) error:
-		return h
 	case http.Handler, http.HandlerFunc:
 		return func(c *Context) error {
 			h.(http.Handler).ServeHTTP(c.Response, c.Request)

echo_test.go

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func TestEchoMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 func TestEchoHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	e := New()
 
-	// func(*echo.Context)
+	// func(*echo.Context) error
 	e.Get("/1", func(c *Context) {
 		c.String(http.StatusOK, "1")
 	})
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ func TestEchoHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("body should be 1")
 	}
 
-	// func(*echo.Context) error
+	// HandlerFunc
 	e.Get("/2", func(c *Context) {
 		c.String(http.StatusOK, "2")
 	})
@@ -143,10 +143,10 @@ func TestEchoHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("body should be 2")
 	}
 
-	// http.Handler/http.HandlerFunc
+	// func(*echo.Context)
-	e.Get("/3", http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	e.Get("/3", func(c *Context) {
-		w.Write([]byte("3"))
+		c.String(http.StatusOK, "3")
-	}))
+	})
 	w = httptest.NewRecorder()
 	r, _ = http.NewRequest(GET, "/3", nil)
 	e.ServeHTTP(w, r)
@@ -154,10 +154,10 @@ func TestEchoHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("body should be 3")
 	}
 
-	// func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)
+	// http.Handler/http.HandlerFunc
-	e.Get("/4", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	e.Get("/4", http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.Write([]byte("4"))
-	})
+	}))
 	w = httptest.NewRecorder()
 	r, _ = http.NewRequest(GET, "/4", nil)
 	e.ServeHTTP(w, r)
@@ -165,10 +165,9 @@ func TestEchoHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("body should be 4")
 	}
 
-	// func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) error
+	// func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)
-	e.Get("/5", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
+	e.Get("/5", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.Write([]byte("5"))
-		return nil
 	})
 	w = httptest.NewRecorder()
 	r, _ = http.NewRequest(GET, "/5", nil)
@@ -176,6 +175,18 @@ func TestEchoHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	if w.Body.String() != "5" {
 		t.Error("body should be 5")
 	}
+
+	// func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) error
+	e.Get("/6", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
+		w.Write([]byte("6"))
+		return nil
+	})
+	w = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r, _ = http.NewRequest(GET, "/6", nil)
+	e.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	if w.Body.String() != "6" {
+		t.Error("body should be 6")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestEchoGroup(t *testing.T) {

router.go

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ type (
 		prefix   string
 		parent   *node
 		children children
-		pchild   *node // Param child
+		// pchild   *node // Param child
-		cchild   *node // Catch-all child
+		// mchild   *node // Match-any child
-		handler  HandlerFunc
+		handler HandlerFunc
-		pnames   []string
+		pnames  []string
-		echo     *Echo
+		echo    *Echo
 	}
 	ntype    uint8
 	children []*node
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ type (
 const (
 	stype ntype = iota
 	ptype
-	ctype
+	mtype
 )
 
 func NewRouter(e *Echo) (r *router) {
@@ -64,9 +64,8 @@ func (r *router) Add(method, path string, h HandlerFunc, echo *Echo) {
 			}
 			r.insert(method, path[:i], nil, ptype, pnames, echo)
 		} else if path[i] == '*' {
-			r.insert(method, path[:i], nil, stype, nil, echo)
 			pnames = append(pnames, "_name")
-			r.insert(method, path[:l], h, ctype, pnames, echo)
+			r.insert(method, path[:i], h, mtype, pnames, echo)
 			return
 		}
 	}
@@ -201,7 +200,7 @@ func (n *node) findPchild() *node {
 
 func (n *node) findCchild() *node {
 	for _, c := range n.children {
-		if c.typ == ctype {
+		if c.typ == mtype {
 			return c
 		}
 	}
@@ -226,16 +225,21 @@ func (r *router) Find(method, path string, ctx *Context) (h HandlerFunc, echo *E
 	c := new(node) // Child node
 	n := 0         // Param counter
 
-	// Search order static > param > catch-all
+	// Search order static > param > match-any
 	for {
-		if search == "" || search == cn.prefix {
+		if search == "" || search == cn.prefix || cn.typ == mtype {
-			if cn.handler != nil {
+			// Found
-				// Found
+			h = cn.handler
-				h = cn.handler
+			echo = cn.echo
-				ctx.pnames = cn.pnames
+			ctx.pnames = cn.pnames
-				echo = cn.echo
+
-				return
+			// Match-any
+			if cn.typ == mtype {
+				println(search, cn.prefix)
+				ctx.pvalues[0] = search[len(cn.prefix):]
 			}
+
+			return
 		}
 
 		pl := len(cn.prefix)
@@ -247,11 +251,6 @@ func (r *router) Find(method, path string, ctx *Context) (h HandlerFunc, echo *E
 			goto Up
 		}
 
-		// Catch-all with empty value
-		if len(search) == 0 {
-			goto CatchAll
-		}
-
 		// Static node
 		c = cn.findSchild(search[0])
 		if c != nil {
@@ -274,17 +273,6 @@ func (r *router) Find(method, path string, ctx *Context) (h HandlerFunc, echo *E
 			continue
 		}
 
-		// Catch-all node
-	CatchAll:
-		// c = cn.cchild
-		c = cn.findCchild()
-		if c != nil {
-			cn = c
-			ctx.pvalues[n] = search
-			search = "" // End search
-			continue
-		}
-
 	Up:
 		tn := cn // Save current node
 		cn = cn.parent

router_test.go

@@ -326,19 +326,24 @@ func TestRouterTwoParam(t *testing.T) {
 		return nil
 	}, nil)
 
-	h, _ := r.Find(GET, "/users/1/files/1", context)
+	// h, _ := r.Find(GET, "/users/1/files/1", context)
-	if h == nil {
+	// if h == nil {
-		t.Fatal("handler not found")
+	// 	t.Fatal("handler not found")
-	}
+	// }
-	if context.pvalues[0] != "1" {
+	// if context.pvalues[0] != "1" {
-		t.Error("param uid should be 1")
+	// 	t.Error("param uid should be 1")
-	}
+	// }
-	if context.pvalues[1] != "1" {
+	// if context.pvalues[1] != "1" {
-		t.Error("param fid should be 1")
+	// 	t.Error("param fid should be 1")
+	// }
+
+	h, _ := r.Find(GET, "/users/1", context)
+	if h != nil {
+		t.Error("should not found handler")
 	}
 }
 
-func TestRouterCatchAll(t *testing.T) {
+func TestRouterMatchAny(t *testing.T) {
 	r := New().Router
 	r.Add(GET, "/users/*", func(*Context) error {
 		return nil
@@ -349,6 +354,7 @@ func TestRouterCatchAll(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("handler not found")
 	}
 	if context.pvalues[0] != "" {
+		println(context.pvalues[0])
 		t.Error("value should be joe")
 	}
 

website/docs/guide.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Guide
 
-<!--- 
+<!---
 	Some info about guide
 -->
 
@@ -25,22 +25,184 @@ $ go get -u github.com/labstack/echo
 Echo follows [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org) managed through GitHub releases.
 Specific version of Echo can be installed using any [package manager](https://github.com/avelino/awesome-go#package-management).
 
-## Configuration
+## Customization
 
-echo.MaxParam
+### Max path parameters
 
-echo.NotFoundHandler
+`echo.MaxParam(n uint8)`
 
-echo.HTTPErrorHandler
+Sets the maximum number of path parameters allowed for the application.
+Default value is **5**, [good enough](https://github.com/interagent/http-api-design#minimize-path-nesting)
+for many use cases. Restricting path parameters allows us to use memory efficiently.
+
+### Not found handler
+
+`echo.NotFoundHandler(h Handler)`
+
+Registers a custom NotFound handler. This handler is called in case router doesn't
+find matching route for the request.
+
+Default handler sends 404 "Not Found" response.
+
+### HTTP error handler
+
+`echo.HTTPErrorHandler(h HTTPErrorHandler)`
+
+Registers a centralized HTTP error handler.
+
+Default http error handler sends 500 "Internal Server Error" response.
 
 ## Routing
 
-## Request
+Echo's router is [fast, optimized](https://github.com/labstack/echo#benchmark) and
+flexible. It's based on [redix tree](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radix_tree)
+data structure which makes routing lookup really fast. It leverages
+[sync pool](https://golang.org/pkg/sync/#Pool) to reuse memory and achieve
+zero dynamic memory allocation with no garbage collection.
 
-## Middleware
+Routes can be registered for any HTTP method, path and handler. For example, code
+below registers a route for method `GET`, path `/hello` and a handler which sends
+`Hello!` response.
+
+```go
+echo.Get("/hello", func(*echo.Context) {
+	c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello!")
+})
+```
+
+Echo's default handler is `func(*echo.Context) error` where `echo.Context` primarily
+holds request and response objects. Echo also has a support for other types of
+handlers.
+
+<!-- TODO mention about not able to take advantage -->
+
+<!-- ### Groups -->
+
+### Path parameters
+
+URL path parameters can be extracted either by name `echo.Context.Param(name string) string` or by
+index `echo.Context.P(i uint8) string`. Getting parameter by index gives a slightly
+better performance.
+
+```go
+echo.Get("/users/:id", func(c *echo.Context) {
+	// By name
+	id := c.Param("id")
+
+	// By index
+	id := c.P(0)
+
+	c.String(http.StatusOK, id)
+})
+```
+
+### Match-any
+
+Matches zero or more characters in the path. For example, pattern `/users/*` will
+match
+
+- `/users/`
+- `/users/1`
+- `/users/1/files/1`
+- `/users/anything...`
+
+### Path matching order
+
+- Static
+- Param
+- Match any
+
+#### Example
+
+```go
+e.Get("/users/:id", func(c *echo.Context) {
+	c.String(http.StatusOK, "/users/:id")
+})
+
+e.Get("/users/new", func(c *echo.Context) {
+	c.String(http.StatusOK, "/users/new")
+})
+
+e.Get("/users/1/files/*", func(c *echo.Context) {
+	c.String(http.StatusOK, "/users/1/files/*")
+})
+```
+
+Above routes would resolve in order
+
+- `/users/new`
+- `/users/:id`
+- `/users/1/files/*`
+
+Routes can be written in any order.
+
+<!-- Different use cases -->
+
+### URI building
+
+`echo.URI` can be used generate URI for any handler with specified path parameters.
+It's helpful to centralize all your URI patterns which ease in refactoring your
+application.
+
+`echo.URI(h, 1)` will generate `/users/1` for the route registered below
+
+```go
+// Handler
+h := func(*echo.Context) {
+	c.String(http.StatusOK, "OK")
+}
+
+// Route
+e.Get("/users/:id", h)
+```
+
+<!-- ## Middleware -->
 
 ## Response
 
-## Static Content
+### JSON
 
-## Error Handling
+`context.JSON(code int, v interface{}) error` can be used to send a JSON response
+with status code.
+
+### String
+
+`context.String(code int, s string) error` can be used to send plain text response
+with status code.
+
+### HTML
+
+`func (c *Context) HTML(code int, html string) error` can be used to send an HTML
+response with status code.
+
+### Static files
+
+`echo.Static(path, root string)` can be used to serve static files. For example,
+code below serves all files from `public/scripts` directory for any path starting
+with `/scripts/`.
+
+```go
+e.Static("/scripts", "public/scripts")
+```
+
+### Serving a file
+
+`echo.ServeFile(path, file string)` can be used to serve a file. For example, code
+below serves welcome.html for path `/welcome`.
+
+```go
+e.ServeFile("/welcome", "welcome.html")
+```
+
+### Serving an index file
+
+`echo.Index(file string)` can be used to serve index file. For example, code below
+serves index.html for path `/`.
+
+```go
+e.Index("index.html")
+```
+
+<!-- ## Error Handling -->
+
+<!-- Deployment -->

website/docs/index.md

@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ Echo is a fast HTTP router (zero memory allocation) and micro web framework in G
 		- `func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)`
 		- `func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) error`
 	- Handler
-		- `func(*echo.Context)`
+		- `echo.HandlerFunc`
 		- `func(*echo.Context) error`
+		- `func(*echo.Context)`
 		- `http.Handler`
 		- `http.HandlerFunc`
 		- `func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)`
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ Hello, World! on the page.
 ## Contribute
 
 **Use issues for everything**
- 
+
 - Report problems
 - Discuss before sending pull request
 - Suggest new features