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mirror of https://github.com/labstack/echo.git synced 2024-12-24 20:14:31 +02:00
echo/middleware/rate_limiter.go
2023-07-11 23:36:05 +03:00

271 lines
8.4 KiB
Go

package middleware
import (
"net/http"
"sync"
"time"
"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
"golang.org/x/time/rate"
)
type (
// RateLimiterStore is the interface to be implemented by custom stores.
RateLimiterStore interface {
// Stores for the rate limiter have to implement the Allow method
Allow(identifier string) (bool, error)
}
)
type (
// RateLimiterConfig defines the configuration for the rate limiter
RateLimiterConfig struct {
Skipper Skipper
BeforeFunc BeforeFunc
// IdentifierExtractor uses echo.Context to extract the identifier for a visitor
IdentifierExtractor Extractor
// Store defines a store for the rate limiter
Store RateLimiterStore
// ErrorHandler provides a handler to be called when IdentifierExtractor returns an error
ErrorHandler func(context echo.Context, err error) error
// DenyHandler provides a handler to be called when RateLimiter denies access
DenyHandler func(context echo.Context, identifier string, err error) error
}
// Extractor is used to extract data from echo.Context
Extractor func(context echo.Context) (string, error)
)
// errors
var (
// ErrRateLimitExceeded denotes an error raised when rate limit is exceeded
ErrRateLimitExceeded = echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusTooManyRequests, "rate limit exceeded")
// ErrExtractorError denotes an error raised when extractor function is unsuccessful
ErrExtractorError = echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusForbidden, "error while extracting identifier")
)
// DefaultRateLimiterConfig defines default values for RateLimiterConfig
var DefaultRateLimiterConfig = RateLimiterConfig{
Skipper: DefaultSkipper,
IdentifierExtractor: func(ctx echo.Context) (string, error) {
id := ctx.RealIP()
return id, nil
},
ErrorHandler: func(context echo.Context, err error) error {
return &echo.HTTPError{
Code: ErrExtractorError.Code,
Message: ErrExtractorError.Message,
Internal: err,
}
},
DenyHandler: func(context echo.Context, identifier string, err error) error {
return &echo.HTTPError{
Code: ErrRateLimitExceeded.Code,
Message: ErrRateLimitExceeded.Message,
Internal: err,
}
},
}
/*
RateLimiter returns a rate limiting middleware
e := echo.New()
limiterStore := middleware.NewRateLimiterMemoryStore(20)
e.GET("/rate-limited", func(c echo.Context) error {
return c.String(http.StatusOK, "test")
}, RateLimiter(limiterStore))
*/
func RateLimiter(store RateLimiterStore) echo.MiddlewareFunc {
config := DefaultRateLimiterConfig
config.Store = store
return RateLimiterWithConfig(config)
}
/*
RateLimiterWithConfig returns a rate limiting middleware
e := echo.New()
config := middleware.RateLimiterConfig{
Skipper: DefaultSkipper,
Store: middleware.NewRateLimiterMemoryStore(
middleware.RateLimiterMemoryStoreConfig{Rate: 10, Burst: 30, ExpiresIn: 3 * time.Minute}
)
IdentifierExtractor: func(ctx echo.Context) (string, error) {
id := ctx.RealIP()
return id, nil
},
ErrorHandler: func(context echo.Context, err error) error {
return context.JSON(http.StatusTooManyRequests, nil)
},
DenyHandler: func(context echo.Context, identifier string) error {
return context.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, nil)
},
}
e.GET("/rate-limited", func(c echo.Context) error {
return c.String(http.StatusOK, "test")
}, middleware.RateLimiterWithConfig(config))
*/
func RateLimiterWithConfig(config RateLimiterConfig) echo.MiddlewareFunc {
if config.Skipper == nil {
config.Skipper = DefaultRateLimiterConfig.Skipper
}
if config.IdentifierExtractor == nil {
config.IdentifierExtractor = DefaultRateLimiterConfig.IdentifierExtractor
}
if config.ErrorHandler == nil {
config.ErrorHandler = DefaultRateLimiterConfig.ErrorHandler
}
if config.DenyHandler == nil {
config.DenyHandler = DefaultRateLimiterConfig.DenyHandler
}
if config.Store == nil {
panic("Store configuration must be provided")
}
return func(next echo.HandlerFunc) echo.HandlerFunc {
return func(c echo.Context) error {
if config.Skipper(c) {
return next(c)
}
if config.BeforeFunc != nil {
config.BeforeFunc(c)
}
identifier, err := config.IdentifierExtractor(c)
if err != nil {
c.Error(config.ErrorHandler(c, err))
return nil
}
if allow, err := config.Store.Allow(identifier); !allow {
c.Error(config.DenyHandler(c, identifier, err))
return nil
}
return next(c)
}
}
}
type (
// RateLimiterMemoryStore is the built-in store implementation for RateLimiter
RateLimiterMemoryStore struct {
visitors map[string]*Visitor
mutex sync.Mutex
rate rate.Limit // for more info check out Limiter docs - https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/time/rate#Limit.
burst int
expiresIn time.Duration
lastCleanup time.Time
timeNow func() time.Time
}
// Visitor signifies a unique user's limiter details
Visitor struct {
*rate.Limiter
lastSeen time.Time
}
)
/*
NewRateLimiterMemoryStore returns an instance of RateLimiterMemoryStore with
the provided rate (as req/s).
for more info check out Limiter docs - https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/time/rate#Limit.
Burst and ExpiresIn will be set to default values.
Note that if the provided rate is a float number and Burst is zero, Burst will be treated as the rounded down value of the rate.
Example (with 20 requests/sec):
limiterStore := middleware.NewRateLimiterMemoryStore(20)
*/
func NewRateLimiterMemoryStore(rate rate.Limit) (store *RateLimiterMemoryStore) {
return NewRateLimiterMemoryStoreWithConfig(RateLimiterMemoryStoreConfig{
Rate: rate,
})
}
/*
NewRateLimiterMemoryStoreWithConfig returns an instance of RateLimiterMemoryStore
with the provided configuration. Rate must be provided. Burst will be set to the rounded down value of
the configured rate if not provided or set to 0.
The build-in memory store is usually capable for modest loads. For higher loads other
store implementations should be considered.
Characteristics:
* Concurrency above 100 parallel requests may causes measurable lock contention
* A high number of different IP addresses (above 16000) may be impacted by the internally used Go map
* A high number of requests from a single IP address may cause lock contention
Example:
limiterStore := middleware.NewRateLimiterMemoryStoreWithConfig(
middleware.RateLimiterMemoryStoreConfig{Rate: 50, Burst: 200, ExpiresIn: 5 * time.Minute},
)
*/
func NewRateLimiterMemoryStoreWithConfig(config RateLimiterMemoryStoreConfig) (store *RateLimiterMemoryStore) {
store = &RateLimiterMemoryStore{}
store.rate = config.Rate
store.burst = config.Burst
store.expiresIn = config.ExpiresIn
if config.ExpiresIn == 0 {
store.expiresIn = DefaultRateLimiterMemoryStoreConfig.ExpiresIn
}
if config.Burst == 0 {
store.burst = int(config.Rate)
}
store.visitors = make(map[string]*Visitor)
store.timeNow = time.Now
store.lastCleanup = store.timeNow()
return
}
// RateLimiterMemoryStoreConfig represents configuration for RateLimiterMemoryStore
type RateLimiterMemoryStoreConfig struct {
Rate rate.Limit // Rate of requests allowed to pass as req/s. For more info check out Limiter docs - https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/time/rate#Limit.
Burst int // Burst is maximum number of requests to pass at the same moment. It additionally allows a number of requests to pass when rate limit is reached.
ExpiresIn time.Duration // ExpiresIn is the duration after that a rate limiter is cleaned up
}
// DefaultRateLimiterMemoryStoreConfig provides default configuration values for RateLimiterMemoryStore
var DefaultRateLimiterMemoryStoreConfig = RateLimiterMemoryStoreConfig{
ExpiresIn: 3 * time.Minute,
}
// Allow implements RateLimiterStore.Allow
func (store *RateLimiterMemoryStore) Allow(identifier string) (bool, error) {
store.mutex.Lock()
limiter, exists := store.visitors[identifier]
if !exists {
limiter = new(Visitor)
limiter.Limiter = rate.NewLimiter(store.rate, store.burst)
store.visitors[identifier] = limiter
}
now := store.timeNow()
limiter.lastSeen = now
if now.Sub(store.lastCleanup) > store.expiresIn {
store.cleanupStaleVisitors()
}
store.mutex.Unlock()
return limiter.AllowN(store.timeNow(), 1), nil
}
/*
cleanupStaleVisitors helps manage the size of the visitors map by removing stale records
of users who haven't visited again after the configured expiry time has elapsed
*/
func (store *RateLimiterMemoryStore) cleanupStaleVisitors() {
for id, visitor := range store.visitors {
if store.timeNow().Sub(visitor.lastSeen) > store.expiresIn {
delete(store.visitors, id)
}
}
store.lastCleanup = store.timeNow()
}