fix: iterators

Signed-off-by: Dr. Carsten Leue <carsten.leue@de.ibm.com>

v2/assert/example_test.go

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ func Example_resultAssertions() {
 	var t *testing.T // placeholder for example
 
 	// Assert success
-	successResult := result.Of[int](42)
+	successResult := result.Of(42)
 	assert.Success(successResult)(t)
 
 	// Assert failure

v2/di/erasure/injector.go

@@ -23,14 +23,15 @@ import (
 	IOR "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/ioresult"
 	L "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/lazy"
 	O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/pair"
 	R "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record"
 	T "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/tuple"
 
 	"sync"
 )
 
-func providerToEntry(p Provider) T.Tuple2[string, ProviderFactory] {
+func providerToEntry(p Provider) Entry[string, ProviderFactory] {
-	return T.MakeTuple2(p.Provides().Id(), p.Factory())
+	return pair.MakePair(p.Provides().Id(), p.Factory())
 }
 
 func itemProviderToMap(p Provider) map[string][]ProviderFactory {

v2/di/erasure/types.go

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/iooption"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/ioresult"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record"
 )
 
 type (
 	Option[T any]              = option.Option[T]
 	IOResult[T any]            = ioresult.IOResult[T]
 	IOOption[T any]            = iooption.IOOption[T]
+	Entry[K comparable, V any] = record.Entry[K, V]
 )

v2/di/types.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/context/ioresult"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/iooption"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
 )
 
@@ -12,4 +13,5 @@ type (
 	Result[T any]              = result.Result[T]
 	IOResult[T any]            = ioresult.IOResult[T]
 	IOOption[T any]            = iooption.IOOption[T]
+	Entry[K comparable, V any] = record.Entry[K, V]
 )

v2/idiomatic/context/readerresult/rec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package readerresult implements a specialization of the Reader monad assuming a golang context as the context of the monad and a standard golang error
+package readerresult
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/idiomatic/result"
+)
+
+// TailRec implements tail-recursive computation for ReaderResult with context cancellation support.
+//
+// TailRec takes a Kleisli function that returns Trampoline[A, B] and converts it into a stack-safe,
+// tail-recursive computation. The function repeatedly applies the Kleisli until it produces a Land value.
+//
+// The implementation includes a short-circuit mechanism that checks for context cancellation on each
+// iteration. If the context is canceled (ctx.Err() != nil), the computation immediately returns an
+// error result containing the context's cause error, preventing unnecessary computation.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The input type for the recursive step
+//   - B: The final result type
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: A Kleisli function that takes an A and returns a ReaderResult containing Trampoline[A, B].
+//     When the result is Bounce(a), recursion continues with the new value 'a'.
+//     When the result is Land(b), recursion terminates with the final value 'b'.
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A Kleisli function that performs the tail-recursive computation in a stack-safe manner.
+//
+// Behavior:
+//   - On each iteration, checks if the context has been canceled (short circuit)
+//   - If canceled, returns (zero value, context.Cause(ctx))
+//   - If the step returns an error, propagates the error as (zero value, error)
+//   - If the step returns Bounce(a), continues recursion with new value 'a'
+//   - If the step returns Land(b), terminates with success value (b, nil)
+//
+// Example - Factorial computation with context:
+//
+//	type State struct {
+//	    n   int
+//	    acc int
+//	}
+//
+//	factorialStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[tailrec.Trampoline[State, int]] {
+//	    return func(ctx context.Context) (tailrec.Trampoline[State, int], error) {
+//	        if state.n <= 0 {
+//	            return tailrec.Land[State](state.acc), nil
+//	        }
+//	        return tailrec.Bounce[int](State{state.n - 1, state.acc * state.n}), nil
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	factorial := TailRec(factorialStep)
+//	result, err := factorial(State{5, 1})(ctx) // Returns (120, nil)
+//
+// Example - Context cancellation:
+//
+//	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+//	cancel() // Cancel immediately
+//
+//	computation := TailRec(someStep)
+//	result, err := computation(initialValue)(ctx)
+//	// Returns (zero value, context.Cause(ctx)) without executing any steps
+//
+// Example - Error handling:
+//
+//	errorStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[tailrec.Trampoline[int, int]] {
+//	    return func(ctx context.Context) (tailrec.Trampoline[int, int], error) {
+//	        if n == 5 {
+//	            return tailrec.Trampoline[int, int]{}, errors.New("computation error")
+//	        }
+//	        if n <= 0 {
+//	            return tailrec.Land[int](n), nil
+//	        }
+//	        return tailrec.Bounce[int](n - 1), nil
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	computation := TailRec(errorStep)
+//	result, err := computation(10)(ctx) // Returns (0, errors.New("computation error"))
+//
+//go:inline
+func TailRec[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, Trampoline[A, B]]) Kleisli[A, B] {
+	return func(a A) ReaderResult[B] {
+		initialReader := f(a)
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (B, error) {
+			rdr := initialReader
+			for {
+				// short circuit
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return result.Left[B](context.Cause(ctx))
+				}
+				rec, e := rdr(ctx)
+				if e != nil {
+					return result.Left[B](e)
+				}
+				if rec.Landed {
+					return result.Of(rec.Land)
+				}
+				rdr = f(rec.Bounce)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

v2/idiomatic/context/readerresult/rec_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,597 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerresult
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	A "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/array"
+	TR "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/tailrec"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// TestTailRecFactorial tests factorial computation with context
+func TestTailRecFactorial(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		n   int
+		acc int
+	}
+
+	factorialStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[State, int], error) {
+			if state.n <= 0 {
+				return TR.Land[State](state.acc), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](State{state.n - 1, state.acc * state.n}), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	factorial := TailRec(factorialStep)
+	result, err := factorial(State{5, 1})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 120, result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecFibonacci tests Fibonacci computation
+func TestTailRecFibonacci(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		n    int
+		prev int
+		curr int
+	}
+
+	fibStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[State, int], error) {
+			if state.n <= 0 {
+				return TR.Land[State](state.curr), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](State{state.n - 1, state.curr, state.prev + state.curr}), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	fib := TailRec(fibStep)
+	result, err := fib(State{10, 0, 1})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 89, result) // 10th Fibonacci number
+}
+
+// TestTailRecCountdown tests countdown computation
+func TestTailRecCountdown(t *testing.T) {
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[int, int], error) {
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return TR.Land[int](n), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](n - 1), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result, err := countdown(10)(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecImmediateTermination tests immediate termination (Land on first call)
+func TestTailRecImmediateTermination(t *testing.T) {
+	immediateStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[int, int], error) {
+			return TR.Land[int](n * 2), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	immediate := TailRec(immediateStep)
+	result, err := immediate(42)(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 84, result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecStackSafety tests that TailRec handles large iterations without stack overflow
+func TestTailRecStackSafety(t *testing.T) {
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[int, int], error) {
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return TR.Land[int](n), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](n - 1), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result, err := countdown(10000)(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecSumList tests summing a list
+func TestTailRecSumList(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		list []int
+		sum  int
+	}
+
+	sumStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[State, int], error) {
+			if A.IsEmpty(state.list) {
+				return TR.Land[State](state.sum), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](State{state.list[1:], state.sum + state.list[0]}), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	sumList := TailRec(sumStep)
+	result, err := sumList(State{[]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, 0})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 15, result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecCollatzConjecture tests the Collatz conjecture
+func TestTailRecCollatzConjecture(t *testing.T) {
+	collatzStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[int, int], error) {
+			if n <= 1 {
+				return TR.Land[int](n), nil
+			}
+			if n%2 == 0 {
+				return TR.Bounce[int](n / 2), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](3*n + 1), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	collatz := TailRec(collatzStep)
+	result, err := collatz(10)(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecGCD tests greatest common divisor
+func TestTailRecGCD(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		a int
+		b int
+	}
+
+	gcdStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[State, int], error) {
+			if state.b == 0 {
+				return TR.Land[State](state.a), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](State{state.b, state.a % state.b}), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	gcd := TailRec(gcdStep)
+	result, err := gcd(State{48, 18})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 6, result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecErrorPropagation tests that errors are properly propagated
+func TestTailRecErrorPropagation(t *testing.T) {
+	expectedErr := errors.New("computation error")
+
+	errorStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[int, int], error) {
+			if n == 5 {
+				return TR.Trampoline[int, int]{}, expectedErr
+			}
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return TR.Land[int](n), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](n - 1), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	computation := TailRec(errorStep)
+	result, err := computation(10)(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedErr, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result) // zero value
+}
+
+// TestTailRecContextCancellationImmediate tests short circuit when context is already canceled
+func TestTailRecContextCancellationImmediate(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel() // Cancel immediately before execution
+
+	stepExecuted := false
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[int, int], error) {
+			stepExecuted = true
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return TR.Land[int](n), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](n - 1), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result, err := countdown(10)(ctx)
+
+	// Should short circuit without executing any steps
+	assert.False(t, stepExecuted, "Step should not be executed when context is already canceled")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, context.Canceled, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result) // zero value
+}
+
+// TestTailRecContextCancellationDuringExecution tests short circuit when context is canceled during execution
+func TestTailRecContextCancellationDuringExecution(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	executionCount := 0
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[int, int], error) {
+			executionCount++
+			// Cancel after 3 iterations
+			if executionCount == 3 {
+				cancel()
+			}
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return TR.Land[int](n), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](n - 1), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result, err := countdown(100)(ctx)
+
+	// Should stop after cancellation
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.LessOrEqual(t, executionCount, 4, "Should stop shortly after cancellation")
+	assert.Equal(t, context.Canceled, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result) // zero value
+}
+
+// TestTailRecContextWithTimeout tests behavior with timeout context
+func TestTailRecContextWithTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 50*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	executionCount := 0
+	slowStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[int, int], error) {
+			executionCount++
+			// Simulate slow computation
+			time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return TR.Land[int](n), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](n - 1), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	computation := TailRec(slowStep)
+	result, err := computation(100)(ctx)
+
+	// Should timeout and return error
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Less(t, executionCount, 100, "Should not complete all iterations due to timeout")
+	assert.Equal(t, context.DeadlineExceeded, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result) // zero value
+}
+
+// TestTailRecContextWithCause tests that context.Cause is properly returned
+func TestTailRecContextWithCause(t *testing.T) {
+	customErr := errors.New("custom cancellation reason")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(context.Background())
+	cancel(customErr)
+
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[int, int], error) {
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return TR.Land[int](n), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](n - 1), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result, err := countdown(10)(ctx)
+
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, customErr, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result) // zero value
+}
+
+// TestTailRecContextCancellationMultipleIterations tests that cancellation is checked on each iteration
+func TestTailRecContextCancellationMultipleIterations(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	executionCount := 0
+	maxExecutions := 5
+
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[int, int], error) {
+			executionCount++
+			if executionCount == maxExecutions {
+				cancel()
+			}
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return TR.Land[int](n), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](n - 1), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result, err := countdown(1000)(ctx)
+
+	// Should detect cancellation on next iteration check
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	// Should stop within 1-2 iterations after cancellation
+	assert.LessOrEqual(t, executionCount, maxExecutions+2)
+	assert.Equal(t, context.Canceled, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result) // zero value
+}
+
+// TestTailRecContextNotCanceled tests normal execution when context is not canceled
+func TestTailRecContextNotCanceled(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	executionCount := 0
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[int, int], error) {
+			executionCount++
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return TR.Land[int](n), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](n - 1), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result, err := countdown(10)(ctx)
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 11, executionCount) // 10, 9, 8, ..., 1, 0
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecPowerOfTwo tests computing power of 2
+func TestTailRecPowerOfTwo(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		exponent int
+		result   int
+		target   int
+	}
+
+	powerStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[State, int], error) {
+			if state.exponent >= state.target {
+				return TR.Land[State](state.result), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](State{state.exponent + 1, state.result * 2, state.target}), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	power := TailRec(powerStep)
+	result, err := power(State{0, 1, 10})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1024, result) // 2^10
+}
+
+// TestTailRecFindInRange tests finding a value in a range
+func TestTailRecFindInRange(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		current int
+		max     int
+		target  int
+	}
+
+	findStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[State, int], error) {
+			if state.current >= state.max {
+				return TR.Land[State](-1), nil // Not found
+			}
+			if state.current == state.target {
+				return TR.Land[State](state.current), nil // Found
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](State{state.current + 1, state.max, state.target}), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	find := TailRec(findStep)
+	result, err := find(State{0, 100, 42})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecFindNotInRange tests finding a value not in range
+func TestTailRecFindNotInRange(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		current int
+		max     int
+		target  int
+	}
+
+	findStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[State, int], error) {
+			if state.current >= state.max {
+				return TR.Land[State](-1), nil // Not found
+			}
+			if state.current == state.target {
+				return TR.Land[State](state.current), nil // Found
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](State{state.current + 1, state.max, state.target}), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	find := TailRec(findStep)
+	result, err := find(State{0, 100, 200})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, -1, result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecWithContextValue tests that context values are accessible
+func TestTailRecWithContextValue(t *testing.T) {
+	type contextKey string
+	const multiplierKey contextKey = "multiplier"
+
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), multiplierKey, 3)
+
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[int, int], error) {
+			if n <= 0 {
+				multiplier := ctx.Value(multiplierKey).(int)
+				return TR.Land[int](n * multiplier), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](n - 1), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result, err := countdown(5)(ctx)
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result) // 0 * 3 = 0
+}
+
+// TestTailRecComplexState tests with complex state structure
+func TestTailRecComplexState(t *testing.T) {
+	type ComplexState struct {
+		counter   int
+		sum       int
+		product   int
+		completed bool
+	}
+
+	complexStep := func(state ComplexState) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[ComplexState, string]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[ComplexState, string], error) {
+			if state.counter <= 0 || state.completed {
+				result := fmt.Sprintf("sum=%d, product=%d", state.sum, state.product)
+				return TR.Land[ComplexState](result), nil
+			}
+			newState := ComplexState{
+				counter:   state.counter - 1,
+				sum:       state.sum + state.counter,
+				product:   state.product * state.counter,
+				completed: state.counter == 1,
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[string](newState), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	computation := TailRec(complexStep)
+	result, err := computation(ComplexState{5, 0, 1, false})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "sum=15, product=120", result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecZeroIterations tests when computation terminates immediately
+func TestTailRecZeroIterations(t *testing.T) {
+	step := func(n int) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[int, string]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[int, string], error) {
+			return TR.Land[int]("immediate"), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	computation := TailRec(step)
+	result, err := computation(0)(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "immediate", result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecErrorInFirstIteration tests error on first iteration
+func TestTailRecErrorInFirstIteration(t *testing.T) {
+	expectedErr := errors.New("first iteration error")
+
+	step := func(n int) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[int, int], error) {
+			return TR.Trampoline[int, int]{}, expectedErr
+		}
+	}
+
+	computation := TailRec(step)
+	result, err := computation(10)(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedErr, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecAlternatingBounce tests alternating between different values
+func TestTailRecAlternatingBounce(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		value     int
+		alternate bool
+		count     int
+	}
+
+	step := func(state State) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[State, int], error) {
+			if state.count >= 10 {
+				return TR.Land[State](state.value), nil
+			}
+			newValue := state.value
+			if state.alternate {
+				newValue += 1
+			} else {
+				newValue -= 1
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int](State{newValue, !state.alternate, state.count + 1}), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	computation := TailRec(step)
+	result, err := computation(State{0, true, 0})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, result) // Should alternate +1, -1 and end at 0
+}
+
+// TestTailRecLargeAccumulation tests accumulating large values
+func TestTailRecLargeAccumulation(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		n   int
+		sum int64
+	}
+
+	step := func(state State) ReaderResult[TR.Trampoline[State, int64]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) (TR.Trampoline[State, int64], error) {
+			if state.n <= 0 {
+				return TR.Land[State](state.sum), nil
+			}
+			return TR.Bounce[int64](State{state.n - 1, state.sum + int64(state.n)}), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	computation := TailRec(step)
+	result, err := computation(State{1000, 0})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(500500), result) // Sum of 1 to 1000
+}

v2/idiomatic/context/readerresult/types.go

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/tailrec"
 )
 
 type (
@@ -68,4 +69,6 @@ type (
 
 	// Prism represents an optic that focuses on a case of type A within a sum type S.
 	Prism[S, A any] = prism.Prism[S, A]
+
+	Trampoline[A, B any] = tailrec.Trampoline[A, B]
 )

v2/idiomatic/readerresult/reader_test.go

@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ func TestOrLeft(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	orLeft := OrLeft[int, MyContext](enrichErr)
+	orLeft := OrLeft[int](enrichErr)
 
 	v, err := F.Pipe1(Of[MyContext](42), orLeft)(defaultContext)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)

v2/iterator/iter/bind.go

@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package iter
+
+import (
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	A "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/apply"
+	C "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/chain"
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/functor"
+)
+
+// Do creates a sequence containing a single element, typically used to start a do-notation chain.
+// This is the entry point for monadic composition using do-notation style.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - S: The type of the state/structure being built
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - empty: The initial value to wrap in a sequence
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A sequence containing the single element
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type User struct {
+//	    Name string
+//	    Age  int
+//	}
+//
+//	// Start a do-notation chain
+//	result := Do(User{})
+//	// yields: User{Name: "", Age: 0}
+//
+//go:inline
+func Do[S any](
+	empty S,
+) Seq[S] {
+	return Of(empty)
+}
+
+// Bind performs a monadic bind operation in do-notation style, chaining a computation
+// that produces a sequence and updating the state with the result.
+//
+// This function is the core of do-notation for sequences. It takes a Kleisli arrow
+// (a function that returns a sequence) and a setter function that updates the state
+// with the result. The setter is curried to allow partial application.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - S1: The input state type
+//   - S2: The output state type
+//   - T: The type of value produced by the Kleisli arrow
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - setter: A curried function that takes a value T and returns a function that updates S1 to S2
+//   - f: A Kleisli arrow that takes S1 and produces a sequence of T
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that transforms Seq[S1] to Seq[S2]
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type State struct {
+//	    Value int
+//	    Double int
+//	}
+//
+//	setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+//	    return func(s State) State { s.Value = v; return s }
+//	}
+//
+//	getValues := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+//	    return From(1, 2, 3)
+//	}
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe2(
+//	    Do(State{}),
+//	    Bind(setValue, getValues),
+//	)
+//	// yields: State{Value: 1}, State{Value: 2}, State{Value: 3}
+//
+//go:inline
+func Bind[S1, S2, T any](
+	setter func(T) func(S1) S2,
+	f Kleisli[S1, T],
+) Operator[S1, S2] {
+	return C.Bind(
+		Chain[S1, S2],
+		Map[T, S2],
+		setter,
+		f,
+	)
+}
+
+// Let performs a pure computation in do-notation style, updating the state with a computed value.
+//
+// Unlike Bind, Let doesn't perform a monadic operation - it simply computes a value from
+// the current state and updates the state with that value. This is useful for intermediate
+// calculations that don't require sequencing.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - S1: The input state type
+//   - S2: The output state type
+//   - T: The type of the computed value
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - key: A curried function that takes a value T and returns a function that updates S1 to S2
+//   - f: A function that computes T from S1
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that transforms Seq[S1] to Seq[S2]
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type State struct {
+//	    Value int
+//	    Double int
+//	}
+//
+//	setDouble := func(d int) func(State) State {
+//	    return func(s State) State { s.Double = d; return s }
+//	}
+//
+//	computeDouble := func(s State) int {
+//	    return s.Value * 2
+//	}
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe2(
+//	    Do(State{Value: 5}),
+//	    Let(setDouble, computeDouble),
+//	)
+//	// yields: State{Value: 5, Double: 10}
+//
+//go:inline
+func Let[S1, S2, T any](
+	key func(T) func(S1) S2,
+	f func(S1) T,
+) Operator[S1, S2] {
+	return F.Let(
+		Map[S1, S2],
+		key,
+		f,
+	)
+}
+
+// LetTo sets a field in the state to a constant value in do-notation style.
+//
+// This is a specialized version of Let that doesn't compute the value from the state,
+// but instead uses a fixed value. It's useful for setting constants or default values.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - S1: The input state type
+//   - S2: The output state type
+//   - T: The type of the value to set
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - key: A curried function that takes a value T and returns a function that updates S1 to S2
+//   - b: The constant value to set
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that transforms Seq[S1] to Seq[S2]
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type State struct {
+//	    Name string
+//	    Status string
+//	}
+//
+//	setStatus := func(s string) func(State) State {
+//	    return func(st State) State { st.Status = s; return st }
+//	}
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe2(
+//	    Do(State{Name: "Alice"}),
+//	    LetTo(setStatus, "active"),
+//	)
+//	// yields: State{Name: "Alice", Status: "active"}
+//
+//go:inline
+func LetTo[S1, S2, T any](
+	key func(T) func(S1) S2,
+	b T,
+) Operator[S1, S2] {
+	return F.LetTo(
+		Map[S1, S2],
+		key,
+		b,
+	)
+}
+
+// BindTo wraps a value into a structure using a setter function.
+//
+// This is typically used at the beginning of a do-notation chain to convert a simple
+// value into a structured state. It's the inverse of extracting a value from a structure.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - S1: The structure type to create
+//   - T: The value type to wrap
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - setter: A function that takes a value T and creates a structure S1
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that transforms Seq[T] to Seq[S1]
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type State struct {
+//	    Value int
+//	}
+//
+//	createState := func(v int) State {
+//	    return State{Value: v}
+//	}
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe2(
+//	    From(1, 2, 3),
+//	    BindTo(createState),
+//	)
+//	// yields: State{Value: 1}, State{Value: 2}, State{Value: 3}
+//
+//go:inline
+func BindTo[S1, T any](
+	setter func(T) S1,
+) Operator[T, S1] {
+	return C.BindTo(
+		Map[T, S1],
+		setter,
+	)
+}
+
+// BindToP wraps a value into a structure using a Prism's ReverseGet function.
+//
+// This is a specialized version of BindTo that works with Prisms (optics that focus
+// on a case of a sum type). It uses the Prism's ReverseGet to construct the structure.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - S1: The structure type to create
+//   - T: The value type to wrap
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - setter: A Prism that can construct S1 from T
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that transforms Seq[T] to Seq[S1]
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	// Assuming a Prism for wrapping int into a Result type
+//	result := F.Pipe2(
+//	    From(1, 2, 3),
+//	    BindToP(successPrism),
+//	)
+//	// yields: Success(1), Success(2), Success(3)
+//
+//go:inline
+func BindToP[S1, T any](
+	setter Prism[S1, T],
+) Operator[T, S1] {
+	return BindTo(setter.ReverseGet)
+}
+
+// ApS applies a sequence of values to update a state using applicative style.
+//
+// This function combines applicative application with state updates. It takes a sequence
+// of values and a setter function, and produces an operator that applies each value
+// to update the state. This is useful for parallel composition of independent computations.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - S1: The input state type
+//   - S2: The output state type
+//   - T: The type of values in the sequence
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - setter: A curried function that takes a value T and returns a function that updates S1 to S2
+//   - fa: A sequence of values to apply
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that transforms Seq[S1] to Seq[S2]
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type State struct {
+//	    X int
+//	    Y int
+//	}
+//
+//	setY := func(y int) func(State) State {
+//	    return func(s State) State { s.Y = y; return s }
+//	}
+//
+//	yValues := From(10, 20, 30)
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe2(
+//	    Do(State{X: 5}),
+//	    ApS(setY, yValues),
+//	)
+//	// yields: State{X: 5, Y: 10}, State{X: 5, Y: 20}, State{X: 5, Y: 30}
+//
+//go:inline
+func ApS[S1, S2, T any](
+	setter func(T) func(S1) S2,
+	fa Seq[T],
+) Operator[S1, S2] {
+	return A.ApS(
+		Ap[S2, T],
+		Map[S1, func(T) S2],
+		setter,
+		fa,
+	)
+}
+
+// ApSL applies a sequence of values to update a state field using a Lens.
+//
+// This is a specialized version of ApS that works with Lenses (optics that focus on
+// a field of a structure). It uses the Lens's Set function to update the field.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - S: The state type
+//   - T: The type of the field being updated
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - lens: A Lens focusing on the field to update
+//   - fa: A sequence of values to set
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Endomorphism on Seq[S] (transforms Seq[S] to Seq[S])
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type State struct {
+//	    Name string
+//	    Age  int
+//	}
+//
+//	ageLens := lens.Prop[State, int]("Age")
+//	ages := From(25, 30, 35)
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe2(
+//	    Do(State{Name: "Alice"}),
+//	    ApSL(ageLens, ages),
+//	)
+//	// yields: State{Name: "Alice", Age: 25}, State{Name: "Alice", Age: 30}, State{Name: "Alice", Age: 35}
+//
+//go:inline
+func ApSL[S, T any](
+	lens Lens[S, T],
+	fa Seq[T],
+) Endomorphism[Seq[S]] {
+	return ApS(lens.Set, fa)
+}
+
+// BindL performs a monadic bind on a field of a structure using a Lens.
+//
+// This function combines Lens-based field access with monadic binding. It extracts
+// a field value using the Lens's Get, applies a Kleisli arrow to produce a sequence,
+// and updates the field with each result using the Lens's Set.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - S: The state type
+//   - T: The type of the field being accessed and updated
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - lens: A Lens focusing on the field to bind
+//   - f: A Kleisli arrow that takes the field value and produces a sequence
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Endomorphism on Seq[S]
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type State struct {
+//	    Value int
+//	}
+//
+//	valueLens := lens.Prop[State, int]("Value")
+//
+//	multiplyValues := func(v int) Seq[int] {
+//	    return From(v, v*2, v*3)
+//	}
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe2(
+//	    Do(State{Value: 5}),
+//	    BindL(valueLens, multiplyValues),
+//	)
+//	// yields: State{Value: 5}, State{Value: 10}, State{Value: 15}
+//
+//go:inline
+func BindL[S, T any](
+	lens Lens[S, T],
+	f Kleisli[T, T],
+) Endomorphism[Seq[S]] {
+	return Bind(lens.Set, function.Flow2(lens.Get, f))
+}
+
+// LetL performs a pure computation on a field of a structure using a Lens.
+//
+// This function extracts a field value using the Lens's Get, applies a pure function
+// to compute a new value, and updates the field using the Lens's Set. It's useful
+// for transforming fields without monadic effects.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - S: The state type
+//   - T: The type of the field being transformed
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - lens: A Lens focusing on the field to transform
+//   - f: An Endomorphism that transforms the field value
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Endomorphism on Seq[S]
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type State struct {
+//	    Count int
+//	}
+//
+//	countLens := lens.Prop[State, int]("Count")
+//
+//	increment := func(n int) int { return n + 1 }
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe2(
+//	    Do(State{Count: 5}),
+//	    LetL(countLens, increment),
+//	)
+//	// yields: State{Count: 6}
+//
+//go:inline
+func LetL[S, T any](
+	lens Lens[S, T],
+	f Endomorphism[T],
+) Endomorphism[Seq[S]] {
+	return Let(lens.Set, function.Flow2(lens.Get, f))
+}
+
+// LetToL sets a field of a structure to a constant value using a Lens.
+//
+// This is a specialized version of LetL that sets a field to a fixed value rather
+// than computing it from the current value. It's useful for setting defaults or
+// resetting fields.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - S: The state type
+//   - T: The type of the field being set
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - lens: A Lens focusing on the field to set
+//   - b: The constant value to set
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Endomorphism on Seq[S]
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type State struct {
+//	    Status string
+//	}
+//
+//	statusLens := lens.Prop[State, string]("Status")
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe2(
+//	    Do(State{Status: "pending"}),
+//	    LetToL(statusLens, "active"),
+//	)
+//	// yields: State{Status: "active"}
+//
+//go:inline
+func LetToL[S, T any](
+	lens Lens[S, T],
+	b T,
+) Endomorphism[Seq[S]] {
+	return LetTo(lens.Set, b)
+}

v2/iterator/iter/bind_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,741 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package iter
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"testing"
+
+	A "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/array"
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// Test types
+type User struct {
+	Name string
+	Age  int
+}
+
+type State struct {
+	Value  int
+	Double int
+	Status string
+}
+
+// TestDo tests the Do function
+func TestDo(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("creates sequence with single element", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := Do(42)
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, A.Of(42), values)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("creates sequence with struct", func(t *testing.T) {
+		user := User{Name: "Alice", Age: 30}
+		result := Do(user)
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, A.Of(user), values)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("creates sequence with zero value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := Do(State{})
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, []State{{Value: 0, Double: 0, Status: ""}}, values)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestBind tests the Bind function
+func TestBind(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("binds simple value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Value = v
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		getValues := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+			return From(1, 2, 3)
+		}
+
+		bindOp := Bind(setValue, getValues)
+		result := bindOp(Do(State{}))
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{
+			{Value: 1},
+			{Value: 2},
+			{Value: 3},
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, values)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("chains multiple binds", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Value = v
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		setDouble := func(d int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Double = d
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		getValues := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+			return From(5)
+		}
+
+		computeDouble := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+			return From(s.Value * 2)
+		}
+
+		result := F.Flow2(
+			Bind(setValue, getValues),
+			Bind(setDouble, computeDouble),
+		)(Do(State{}))
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{{Value: 5, Double: 10}}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, values)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("binds with multiple results", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Value = v
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		multiplyValues := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+			return From(s.Value, s.Value*2, s.Value*3)
+		}
+
+		bindOp := Bind(setValue, multiplyValues)
+		result := bindOp(Do(State{Value: 2}))
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{
+			{Value: 2},
+			{Value: 4},
+			{Value: 6},
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, values)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("binds with empty sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Value = v
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		emptySeq := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+			return Empty[int]()
+		}
+
+		bindOp := Bind(setValue, emptySeq)
+		result := bindOp(Do(State{Value: 5}))
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		assert.Empty(t, values)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestLet tests the Let function
+func TestLet(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("computes value from state", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setDouble := func(d int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Double = d
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		computeDouble := func(s State) int {
+			return s.Value * 2
+		}
+
+		letOp := Let(setDouble, computeDouble)
+		result := letOp(Do(State{Value: 5}))
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{{Value: 5, Double: 10}}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, values)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("chains multiple lets", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setDouble := func(d int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Double = d
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Value = v
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		computeDouble := func(s State) int {
+			return s.Value * 2
+		}
+
+		computeValue := func(s State) int {
+			return s.Double / 2
+		}
+
+		result := F.Flow2(
+			Let(setDouble, computeDouble),
+			Let(setValue, computeValue),
+		)(Do(State{Value: 7}))
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{{Value: 7, Double: 14}}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, values)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("computes complex transformation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setStatus := func(s string) func(State) State {
+			return func(st State) State {
+				st.Status = s
+				return st
+			}
+		}
+
+		computeStatus := func(s State) string {
+			if s.Value > 10 {
+				return "high"
+			}
+			return "low"
+		}
+
+		letOp := Let(setStatus, computeStatus)
+		result := letOp(Do(State{Value: 15}))
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{{Value: 15, Status: "high"}}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, values)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestLetTo tests the LetTo function
+func TestLetTo(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("sets constant value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setStatus := func(s string) func(State) State {
+			return func(st State) State {
+				st.Status = s
+				return st
+			}
+		}
+
+		letToOp := LetTo(setStatus, "active")
+		result := letToOp(Do(State{Value: 5}))
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{{Value: 5, Status: "active"}}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, values)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("chains multiple LetTo calls", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Value = v
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		setStatus := func(st string) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Status = st
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		result := F.Flow2(
+			LetTo(setValue, 42),
+			LetTo(setStatus, "ready"),
+		)(Do(State{}))
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{{Value: 42, Status: "ready"}}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, values)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("sets zero value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Value = v
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		letToOp := LetTo(setValue, 0)
+		result := letToOp(Do(State{Value: 100}))
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{{Value: 0}}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, values)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestBindTo tests the BindTo function
+func TestBindTo(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("wraps values into structure", func(t *testing.T) {
+		createState := func(v int) State {
+			return State{Value: v}
+		}
+
+		bindToOp := BindTo(createState)
+		result := bindToOp(From(1, 2, 3))
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{
+			{Value: 1},
+			{Value: 2},
+			{Value: 3},
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, values)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("wraps into complex structure", func(t *testing.T) {
+		createUser := func(name string) User {
+			return User{Name: name, Age: 0}
+		}
+
+		bindToOp := BindTo(createUser)
+		result := bindToOp(From("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"))
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []User{
+			{Name: "Alice", Age: 0},
+			{Name: "Bob", Age: 0},
+			{Name: "Charlie", Age: 0},
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, values)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("wraps empty sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		createState := func(v int) State {
+			return State{Value: v}
+		}
+
+		bindToOp := BindTo(createState)
+		result := bindToOp(Empty[int]())
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		assert.Empty(t, values)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestApS tests the ApS function
+func TestApS(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("applies sequence of values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setDouble := func(d int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Double = d
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		doubles := From(10, 20, 30)
+
+		apOp := ApS(setDouble, doubles)
+		result := apOp(Do(State{Value: 5}))
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{
+			{Value: 5, Double: 10},
+			{Value: 5, Double: 20},
+			{Value: 5, Double: 30},
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, values)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("applies with empty sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Value = v
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		apOp := ApS(setValue, Empty[int]())
+		result := apOp(Do(State{Value: 5}))
+
+		values := slices.Collect(result)
+		assert.Empty(t, values)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("chains multiple ApS calls", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Value = v
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		setDouble := func(d int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Double = d
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		values := From(1, 2)
+		doubles := From(10, 20)
+
+		result := F.Flow2(
+			ApS(setValue, values),
+			ApS(setDouble, doubles),
+		)(Do(State{}))
+
+		results := slices.Collect(result)
+		// Cartesian product: 2 values × 2 doubles = 4 results
+		assert.Len(t, results, 4)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestDoNotationChain tests a complete do-notation chain
+func TestDoNotationChain(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("complex do-notation chain", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Value = v
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		setDouble := func(d int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Double = d
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		setStatus := func(st string) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Status = st
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		getValues := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+			return From(5, 10)
+		}
+
+		computeDouble := func(s State) int {
+			return s.Value * 2
+		}
+
+		result := F.Flow3(
+			Bind(setValue, getValues),
+			Let(setDouble, computeDouble),
+			LetTo(setStatus, "computed"),
+		)(Do(State{}))
+
+		results := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{
+			{Value: 5, Double: 10, Status: "computed"},
+			{Value: 10, Double: 20, Status: "computed"},
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, results)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("mixed bind and let operations", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Value = v
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		setDouble := func(d int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Double = d
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		getInitial := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+			return From(3)
+		}
+
+		multiplyValue := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+			return From(s.Value*2, s.Value*3)
+		}
+
+		result := F.Flow2(
+			Bind(setValue, getInitial),
+			Bind(setDouble, multiplyValue),
+		)(Do(State{}))
+
+		results := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{
+			{Value: 3, Double: 6},
+			{Value: 3, Double: 9},
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, results)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestEdgeCases tests edge cases
+func TestEdgeCases(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("bind with single element", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Value = v
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		getSingle := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+			return From(42)
+		}
+
+		bindOp := Bind(setValue, getSingle)
+		result := bindOp(Do(State{}))
+
+		results := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{{Value: 42}}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, results)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multiple binds with cartesian product", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Value = v
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		setDouble := func(d int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Double = d
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		getValues := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+			return From(1, 2)
+		}
+
+		getDoubles := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+			return From(10, 20)
+		}
+
+		result := F.Flow2(
+			Bind(setValue, getValues),
+			Bind(setDouble, getDoubles),
+		)(Do(State{}))
+
+		results := slices.Collect(result)
+		// Should produce cartesian product: 2 × 2 = 4 results
+		assert.Len(t, results, 4)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("let with identity function", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+			return func(s State) State {
+				s.Value = v
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		identity := func(s State) int {
+			return s.Value
+		}
+
+		letOp := Let(setValue, identity)
+		result := letOp(Do(State{Value: 99}))
+
+		results := slices.Collect(result)
+		expected := []State{{Value: 99}}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, results)
+	})
+}
+
+// Benchmark tests
+func BenchmarkBind(b *testing.B) {
+	setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+		return func(s State) State {
+			s.Value = v
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+
+	getValues := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+		return From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+	}
+
+	bindOp := Bind(setValue, getValues)
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		result := bindOp(Do(State{}))
+		// Consume the sequence
+		for range result {
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkLet(b *testing.B) {
+	setDouble := func(d int) func(State) State {
+		return func(s State) State {
+			s.Double = d
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+
+	computeDouble := func(s State) int {
+		return s.Value * 2
+	}
+
+	letOp := Let(setDouble, computeDouble)
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		result := letOp(Do(State{Value: 5}))
+		// Consume the sequence
+		for range result {
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkDoNotationChain(b *testing.B) {
+	setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+		return func(s State) State {
+			s.Value = v
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+
+	setDouble := func(d int) func(State) State {
+		return func(s State) State {
+			s.Double = d
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+
+	setStatus := func(st string) func(State) State {
+		return func(s State) State {
+			s.Status = st
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+
+	getValues := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+		return From(5, 10, 15)
+	}
+
+	computeDouble := func(s State) int {
+		return s.Value * 2
+	}
+
+	chain := F.Flow3(
+		Bind(setValue, getValues),
+		Let(setDouble, computeDouble),
+		LetTo(setStatus, "computed"),
+	)
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		result := chain(Do(State{}))
+		// Consume the sequence
+		for range result {
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Example tests for documentation
+func ExampleDo() {
+	result := Do(42)
+	for v := range result {
+		fmt.Println(v)
+	}
+	// Output: 42
+}
+
+func ExampleBind() {
+	setValue := func(v int) func(State) State {
+		return func(s State) State {
+			s.Value = v
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+
+	getValues := func(s State) Seq[int] {
+		return From(1, 2, 3)
+	}
+
+	bindOp := Bind(setValue, getValues)
+	result := bindOp(Do(State{}))
+
+	for s := range result {
+		fmt.Printf("Value: %d\n", s.Value)
+	}
+	// Output:
+	// Value: 1
+	// Value: 2
+	// Value: 3
+}
+
+func ExampleLet() {
+	setDouble := func(d int) func(State) State {
+		return func(s State) State {
+			s.Double = d
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+
+	computeDouble := func(s State) int {
+		return s.Value * 2
+	}
+
+	letOp := Let(setDouble, computeDouble)
+	result := letOp(Do(State{Value: 5}))
+
+	for s := range result {
+		fmt.Printf("Value: %d, Double: %d\n", s.Value, s.Double)
+	}
+	// Output: Value: 5, Double: 10
+}
+
+func ExampleLetTo() {
+	setStatus := func(s string) func(State) State {
+		return func(st State) State {
+			st.Status = s
+			return st
+		}
+	}
+
+	letToOp := LetTo(setStatus, "active")
+	result := letToOp(Do(State{Value: 5}))
+
+	for s := range result {
+		fmt.Printf("Value: %d, Status: %s\n", s.Value, s.Status)
+	}
+	// Output: Value: 5, Status: active
+}

v2/iterator/iter/compress.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package iter
+
+import (
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	P "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/pair"
+)
+
+// Compress filters elements from a sequence based on a corresponding sequence of boolean selectors.
+//
+// This function takes a sequence of boolean values and returns an operator that filters
+// elements from the input sequence. An element is included in the output if and only if
+// the corresponding boolean selector is true. The filtering stops when either sequence
+// is exhausted.
+//
+// The implementation works by:
+//  1. Zipping the input sequence with the selector sequence
+//  2. Converting the Seq2 to a sequence of Pairs
+//  3. Filtering to keep only pairs where the boolean (tail) is true
+//  4. Extracting the original values (head) from the filtered pairs
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - U: The type of elements in the sequence to be filtered
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - sel: A sequence of boolean values used as selectors
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that filters elements based on the selector sequence
+//
+// Example - Basic filtering:
+//
+//	data := iter.From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+//	selectors := iter.From(true, false, true, false, true)
+//	filtered := iter.Compress(selectors)(data)
+//	// yields: 1, 3, 5
+//
+// Example - Shorter selector sequence:
+//
+//	data := iter.From("a", "b", "c", "d", "e")
+//	selectors := iter.From(true, true, false)
+//	filtered := iter.Compress(selectors)(data)
+//	// yields: "a", "b" (stops when selectors are exhausted)
+//
+// Example - All false selectors:
+//
+//	data := iter.From(1, 2, 3)
+//	selectors := iter.From(false, false, false)
+//	filtered := iter.Compress(selectors)(data)
+//	// yields: nothing (empty sequence)
+//
+// Example - All true selectors:
+//
+//	data := iter.From(10, 20, 30)
+//	selectors := iter.From(true, true, true)
+//	filtered := iter.Compress(selectors)(data)
+//	// yields: 10, 20, 30 (all elements pass through)
+func Compress[U any](sel Seq[bool]) Operator[U, U] {
+	return F.Flow3(
+		Zip[U](sel),
+		ToSeqPair[U, bool],
+		FilterMap(F.Flow2(
+			O.FromPredicate(P.Tail[U, bool]),
+			O.Map(P.Head[U, bool]),
+		)),
+	)
+}

v2/iterator/iter/compress_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package iter
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	P "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/pair"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// TestCompress tests the Compress function
+func TestCompress(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("filters with alternating selectors", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+		selectors := From(true, false, true, false, true)
+		filtered := Compress[int](selectors)(data)
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 3, 5}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("filters strings with boolean selectors", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := From("a", "b", "c", "d", "e")
+		selectors := From(true, true, false, false, true)
+		filtered := Compress[string](selectors)(data)
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"a", "b", "e"}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("all true selectors pass all elements", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := From(10, 20, 30)
+		selectors := From(true, true, true)
+		filtered := Compress[int](selectors)(data)
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{10, 20, 30}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("all false selectors produce empty sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := From(1, 2, 3)
+		selectors := From(false, false, false)
+		filtered := Compress[int](selectors)(data)
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		assert.Empty(t, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("shorter selector sequence stops early", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := From("a", "b", "c", "d", "e")
+		selectors := From(true, true, false)
+		filtered := Compress[string](selectors)(data)
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"a", "b"}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("shorter data sequence stops early", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := From(1, 2, 3)
+		selectors := From(true, false, true, true, true)
+		filtered := Compress[int](selectors)(data)
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 3}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty data sequence produces empty result", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := Empty[int]()
+		selectors := From(true, true, true)
+		filtered := Compress[int](selectors)(data)
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		assert.Empty(t, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty selector sequence produces empty result", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := From(1, 2, 3)
+		selectors := Empty[bool]()
+		filtered := Compress[int](selectors)(data)
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		assert.Empty(t, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("both empty sequences produce empty result", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := Empty[int]()
+		selectors := Empty[bool]()
+		filtered := Compress[int](selectors)(data)
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		assert.Empty(t, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("single element with true selector", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := From(42)
+		selectors := From(true)
+		filtered := Compress[int](selectors)(data)
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{42}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("single element with false selector", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := From(42)
+		selectors := From(false)
+		filtered := Compress[int](selectors)(data)
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		assert.Empty(t, result)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestCompressWithComplexTypes tests Compress with complex data types
+func TestCompressWithComplexTypes(t *testing.T) {
+	type Person struct {
+		Name string
+		Age  int
+	}
+
+	t.Run("filters struct values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := From(
+			Person{"Alice", 30},
+			Person{"Bob", 25},
+			Person{"Charlie", 35},
+			Person{"David", 28},
+		)
+		selectors := From(true, false, true, false)
+		filtered := Compress[Person](selectors)(data)
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		expected := []Person{
+			{"Alice", 30},
+			{"Charlie", 35},
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("filters pointer values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p1 := &Person{"Alice", 30}
+		p2 := &Person{"Bob", 25}
+		p3 := &Person{"Charlie", 35}
+		data := From(p1, p2, p3)
+		selectors := From(false, true, true)
+		filtered := Compress[*Person](selectors)(data)
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, []*Person{p2, p3}, result)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestCompressWithChainedOperations tests Compress with other operations
+func TestCompressWithChainedOperations(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("compress then map", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+		selectors := From(true, false, true, false, true)
+		result := toSlice(
+			MonadMap(
+				Compress[int](selectors)(data),
+				func(x int) int { return x * 10 },
+			),
+		)
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{10, 30, 50}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("map then compress", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+		mapped := MonadMap(data, func(x int) int { return x * 2 })
+		selectors := From(true, true, false, false, true)
+		result := toSlice(Compress[int](selectors)(mapped))
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{2, 4, 10}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("compress with filtered data", func(t *testing.T) {
+		data := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
+		evens := MonadFilter(data, func(x int) bool { return x%2 == 0 })
+		selectors := From(true, false, true, false, true)
+		result := toSlice(Compress[int](selectors)(evens))
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{2, 6, 10}, result)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestToSeqPair tests the ToSeqPair function
+func TestToSeqPair(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("converts Seq2 to sequence of pairs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq2 := MonadZip(From("a", "b", "c"), From(1, 2, 3))
+		pairs := ToSeqPair(seq2)
+		result := toSlice(pairs)
+		expected := []Pair[string, int]{
+			P.MakePair("a", 1),
+			P.MakePair("b", 2),
+			P.MakePair("c", 3),
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("converts empty Seq2", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq2 := MonadZip(Empty[int](), Empty[string]())
+		pairs := ToSeqPair(seq2)
+		result := toSlice(pairs)
+		assert.Empty(t, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("converts single pair", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq2 := MonadZip(From(42), From("answer"))
+		pairs := ToSeqPair(seq2)
+		result := toSlice(pairs)
+		expected := []Pair[int, string]{
+			P.MakePair(42, "answer"),
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("stops at shorter sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq2 := MonadZip(From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), From("a", "b"))
+		pairs := ToSeqPair(seq2)
+		result := toSlice(pairs)
+		expected := []Pair[int, string]{
+			P.MakePair(1, "a"),
+			P.MakePair(2, "b"),
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestToSeqPairWithOperations tests ToSeqPair with other operations
+func TestToSeqPairWithOperations(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("map over pairs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq2 := MonadZip(From(1, 2, 3), From(10, 20, 30))
+		pairs := ToSeqPair(seq2)
+		sums := MonadMap(pairs, func(p Pair[int, int]) int {
+			return P.Head(p) + P.Tail(p)
+		})
+		result := toSlice(sums)
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{11, 22, 33}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("filter pairs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq2 := MonadZip(From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), From(10, 20, 30, 40, 50))
+		pairs := ToSeqPair(seq2)
+		filtered := MonadFilter(pairs, func(p Pair[int, int]) bool {
+			return P.Head(p)%2 == 0
+		})
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		expected := []Pair[int, int]{
+			P.MakePair(2, 20),
+			P.MakePair(4, 40),
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("extract first elements from pairs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq2 := MonadZip(From(1, 2, 3), From("x", "y", "z"))
+		pairs := ToSeqPair(seq2)
+		firsts := MonadMap(pairs, func(p Pair[int, string]) int {
+			return P.Head(p)
+		})
+		result := toSlice(firsts)
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2, 3}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("extract second elements from pairs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq2 := MonadZip(From(1, 2, 3), From("a", "b", "c"))
+		pairs := ToSeqPair(seq2)
+		seconds := MonadMap(pairs, func(p Pair[int, string]) string {
+			return P.Tail(p)
+		})
+		result := toSlice(seconds)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"a", "b", "c"}, result)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestCompressAndToSeqPairTogether tests using both functions together
+func TestCompressAndToSeqPairTogether(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("compress uses ToSeqPair internally", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// This test verifies the integration works correctly
+		data := From(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
+		selectors := From(true, false, true, true, false)
+		filtered := Compress[int](selectors)(data)
+		result := toSlice(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{10, 30, 40}, result)
+	})
+}
+
+// Benchmark tests
+func BenchmarkCompress(b *testing.B) {
+	data := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
+	selectors := From(true, false, true, false, true, false, true, false, true, false)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		filtered := Compress[int](selectors)(data)
+		for range filtered {
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkToSeqPair(b *testing.B) {
+	seq2 := MonadZip(From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), From("a", "b", "c", "d", "e"))
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		pairs := ToSeqPair(seq2)
+		for range pairs {
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Example tests for documentation
+func ExampleCompress() {
+	data := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+	selectors := From(true, false, true, false, true)
+	filtered := Compress[int](selectors)(data)
+
+	for v := range filtered {
+		fmt.Printf("%d ", v)
+	}
+	// Output: 1 3 5
+}
+
+func ExampleCompress_allTrue() {
+	data := From(10, 20, 30)
+	selectors := From(true, true, true)
+	filtered := Compress[int](selectors)(data)
+
+	for v := range filtered {
+		fmt.Printf("%d ", v)
+	}
+	// Output: 10 20 30
+}
+
+func ExampleCompress_allFalse() {
+	data := From(1, 2, 3)
+	selectors := From(false, false, false)
+	filtered := Compress[int](selectors)(data)
+
+	count := 0
+	for range filtered {
+		count++
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Count: %d\n", count)
+	// Output: Count: 0
+}
+
+func ExampleToSeqPair() {
+	seq2 := MonadZip(From(1, 2, 3), From("a", "b", "c"))
+	pairs := ToSeqPair(seq2)
+
+	for p := range pairs {
+		fmt.Printf("(%d, %s) ", P.Head(p), P.Tail(p))
+	}
+	// Output: (1, a) (2, b) (3, c)
+}
+
+func ExampleToSeqPair_withMap() {
+	seq2 := MonadZip(From(1, 2, 3), From(10, 20, 30))
+	pairs := ToSeqPair(seq2)
+	sums := MonadMap(pairs, func(p Pair[int, int]) int {
+		return P.Head(p) + P.Tail(p)
+	})
+
+	for sum := range sums {
+		fmt.Printf("%d ", sum)
+	}
+	// Output: 11 22 33
+}

v2/iterator/iter/first.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package iter
+
+import "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+
+// First returns the first element from an [Iterator] wrapped in an [Option].
+//
+// This function attempts to retrieve the first element from the iterator. If the iterator
+// contains at least one element, it returns Some(element). If the iterator is empty,
+// it returns None. The function consumes only the first element of the iterator.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - U: The type of elements in the iterator
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - mu: The input iterator to get the first element from
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - Option[U]: Some(first element) if the iterator is non-empty, None otherwise
+//
+// Example with non-empty sequence:
+//
+//	seq := iter.From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+//	first := iter.First(seq)
+//	// Returns: Some(1)
+//
+// Example with empty sequence:
+//
+//	seq := iter.Empty[int]()
+//	first := iter.First(seq)
+//	// Returns: None
+//
+// Example with filtered sequence:
+//
+//	seq := iter.From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+//	filtered := iter.Filter(func(x int) bool { return x > 3 })(seq)
+//	first := iter.First(filtered)
+//	// Returns: Some(4)
+func First[U any](mu Seq[U]) Option[U] {
+	for u := range mu {
+		return option.Some(u)
+	}
+	return option.None[U]()
+}

v2/iterator/iter/first_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package iter
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	N "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/number"
+	O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/string"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// TestFirst tests getting the first element from a non-empty sequence
+func TestFirst(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns first element from integer sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3)
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(1), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns first element from string sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From("a", "b", "c")
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of("a"), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns first element from single element sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(42)
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(42), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns first element from large sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(100, 200, 300, 400, 500)
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(100), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstEmpty tests getting the first element from an empty sequence
+func TestFirstEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns None for empty integer sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := Empty[int]()
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.None[int](), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns None for empty string sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := Empty[string]()
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.None[string](), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns None for empty struct sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type TestStruct struct {
+			Value int
+		}
+		seq := Empty[TestStruct]()
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.None[TestStruct](), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithFiltered tests First with filtered sequences
+func TestFirstWithFiltered(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns first element matching filter", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+		filtered := MonadFilter(seq, N.MoreThan(3))
+		fst := First(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(4), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns None when no elements match filter", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3)
+		filtered := MonadFilter(seq, N.MoreThan(10))
+		fst := First(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.None[int](), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns first even number", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8)
+		filtered := MonadFilter(seq, func(x int) bool { return x%2 == 0 })
+		fst := First(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(6), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithMapped tests First with mapped sequences
+func TestFirstWithMapped(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns first element after mapping", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3)
+		mapped := MonadMap(seq, N.Mul(2))
+		fst := First(mapped)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(2), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns first string after mapping", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3)
+		mapped := MonadMap(seq, S.Format[int]("num-%d"))
+		fst := First(mapped)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of("num-1"), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithComplex tests First with complex types
+func TestFirstWithComplex(t *testing.T) {
+	type Person struct {
+		Name string
+		Age  int
+	}
+
+	t.Run("returns first person", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(
+			Person{"Alice", 30},
+			Person{"Bob", 25},
+			Person{"Charlie", 35},
+		)
+		fst := First(seq)
+		expected := O.Of(Person{"Alice", 30})
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns first pointer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p1 := &Person{"Alice", 30}
+		p2 := &Person{"Bob", 25}
+		seq := From(p1, p2)
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(p1), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstDoesNotConsumeEntireSequence tests that First only consumes the first element
+func TestFirstDoesNotConsumeEntireSequence(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("only consumes first element", func(t *testing.T) {
+		callCount := 0
+		seq := MonadMap(From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), func(x int) int {
+			callCount++
+			return x * 2
+		})
+
+		fst := First(seq)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(2), fst)
+		// Should only have called the map function once for the first element
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, callCount)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithChainedOperations tests First with multiple chained operations
+func TestFirstWithChainedOperations(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("chains filter, map, and first", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
+		filtered := MonadFilter(seq, N.MoreThan(5))
+		mapped := MonadMap(filtered, N.Mul(10))
+		result := First(mapped)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(60), result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("chains map and filter", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+		mapped := MonadMap(seq, N.Mul(2))
+		filtered := MonadFilter(mapped, N.MoreThan(5))
+		result := First(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(6), result)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithReplicate tests First with replicated values
+func TestFirstWithReplicate(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns first from replicated sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := Replicate(5, 42)
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(42), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns None from zero replications", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := Replicate(0, 42)
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.None[int](), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithMakeBy tests First with MakeBy
+func TestFirstWithMakeBy(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns first generated element", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := MakeBy(5, func(i int) int { return i * i })
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(0), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns None for zero elements", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := MakeBy(0, F.Identity[int])
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.None[int](), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithPrepend tests First with Prepend
+func TestFirstWithPrepend(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns prepended element", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(2, 3, 4)
+		prepended := Prepend(1)(seq)
+		fst := First(prepended)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(1), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns prepended element from empty sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := Empty[int]()
+		prepended := Prepend(42)(seq)
+		fst := First(prepended)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(42), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithAppend tests First with Append
+func TestFirstWithAppend(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns first element, not appended", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3)
+		appended := Append(4)(seq)
+		fst := First(appended)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(1), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns appended element from empty sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := Empty[int]()
+		appended := Append(42)(seq)
+		fst := First(appended)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(42), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithChain tests First with Chain (flatMap)
+func TestFirstWithChain(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns first from chained sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3)
+		chained := MonadChain(seq, func(x int) Seq[int] {
+			return From(x, x*10)
+		})
+		fst := First(chained)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(1), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns None when chain produces empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3)
+		chained := MonadChain(seq, func(x int) Seq[int] {
+			return Empty[int]()
+		})
+		fst := First(chained)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.None[int](), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithFlatten tests First with Flatten
+func TestFirstWithFlatten(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns first from flattened sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nested := From(From(1, 2), From(3, 4), From(5))
+		flattened := Flatten(nested)
+		fst := First(flattened)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(1), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns None from empty nested sequence", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nested := Empty[Seq[int]]()
+		flattened := Flatten(nested)
+		fst := First(flattened)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.None[int](), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// Benchmark tests
+func BenchmarkFirst(b *testing.B) {
+	seq := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for b.Loop() {
+		First(seq)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkFirstLargeSequence(b *testing.B) {
+	data := make([]int, 1000)
+	for i := range data {
+		data[i] = i
+	}
+	seq := From(data...)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for b.Loop() {
+		First(seq)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkFirstFiltered(b *testing.B) {
+	seq := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for b.Loop() {
+		filtered := MonadFilter(seq, N.MoreThan(5))
+		First(filtered)
+	}
+}
+
+// Example tests for documentation
+func ExampleFirst() {
+	seq := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+	first := First(seq)
+
+	if value, ok := O.Unwrap(first); ok {
+		fmt.Printf("First element: %d\n", value)
+	}
+	// Output: First element: 1
+}
+
+func ExampleFirst_empty() {
+	seq := Empty[int]()
+	first := First(seq)
+
+	if _, ok := O.Unwrap(first); !ok {
+		fmt.Println("Sequence is empty")
+	}
+	// Output: Sequence is empty
+}
+
+func ExampleFirst_filtered() {
+	seq := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+	filtered := MonadFilter(seq, N.MoreThan(3))
+	first := First(filtered)
+
+	if value, ok := O.Unwrap(first); ok {
+		fmt.Printf("First element > 3: %d\n", value)
+	}
+	// Output: First element > 3: 4
+}

v2/iterator/iter/iter.go

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ import (
 	G "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/iter"
 	M "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/monoid"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/pair"
 )
 
 // Of creates a sequence containing a single element.
@@ -849,9 +850,9 @@ func Append[A any](tail A) Operator[A, A] {
 //
 //	seqA := From(1, 2, 3)
 //	seqB := From("a", "b")
-//	result := MonadZip(seqB, seqA)
+//	result := MonadZip(seqA, seqB)
 //	// yields: (1, "a"), (2, "b")
-func MonadZip[A, B any](fb Seq[B], fa Seq[A]) Seq2[A, B] {
+func MonadZip[A, B any](fa Seq[A], fb Seq[B]) Seq2[A, B] {
 
 	return func(yield func(A, B) bool) {
 		na, sa := I.Pull(fa)
@@ -882,8 +883,8 @@ func MonadZip[A, B any](fb Seq[B], fa Seq[A]) Seq2[A, B] {
 //	// yields: (1, "a"), (2, "b"), (3, "c")
 //
 //go:inline
-func Zip[A, B any](fa Seq[A]) func(Seq[B]) Seq2[A, B] {
+func Zip[A, B any](fb Seq[B]) func(Seq[A]) Seq2[A, B] {
-	return F.Bind2nd(MonadZip[A, B], fa)
+	return F.Bind2nd(MonadZip[A, B], fb)
 }
 
 //go:inline
@@ -895,3 +896,50 @@ func MonadMapToArray[A, B any](fa Seq[A], f func(A) B) []B {
 func MapToArray[A, B any](f func(A) B) func(Seq[A]) []B {
 	return G.MapToArray[Seq[A], []B](f)
 }
+
+// ToSeqPair converts a key-value sequence (Seq2) into a sequence of Pairs.
+//
+// This function transforms a Seq2[A, B] (which yields key-value pairs when iterated)
+// into a Seq[Pair[A, B]] (which yields Pair objects). This is useful when you need
+// to work with pairs as first-class values rather than as separate key-value arguments.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The type of the first element (key) in each pair
+//   - B: The type of the second element (value) in each pair
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - as: A Seq2 that yields key-value pairs
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A Seq that yields Pair objects containing the key-value pairs
+//
+// Example - Basic conversion:
+//
+//	seq2 := iter.MonadZip(iter.From("a", "b", "c"), iter.From(1, 2, 3))
+//	pairs := iter.ToSeqPair(seq2)
+//	// yields: Pair("a", 1), Pair("b", 2), Pair("c", 3)
+//
+// Example - Using with Map:
+//
+//	seq2 := iter.MonadZip(iter.From(1, 2, 3), iter.From(10, 20, 30))
+//	pairs := iter.ToSeqPair(seq2)
+//	sums := iter.MonadMap(pairs, func(p Pair[int, int]) int {
+//	    return p.Fst + p.Snd
+//	})
+//	// yields: 11, 22, 33
+//
+// Example - Empty sequence:
+//
+//	seq2 := iter.Empty[int]()
+//	zipped := iter.MonadZip(seq2, iter.Empty[string]())
+//	pairs := iter.ToSeqPair(zipped)
+//	// yields: nothing (empty sequence)
+func ToSeqPair[A, B any](as Seq2[A, B]) Seq[Pair[A, B]] {
+	return func(yield Predicate[Pair[A, B]]) {
+		for a, b := range as {
+			if !yield(pair.MakePair(a, b)) {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

v2/iterator/iter/iter_test.go

@@ -22,9 +22,11 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	A "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/array"
 	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
 	N "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/number"
 	O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	R "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record"
 	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/string"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
@@ -42,13 +44,13 @@ func toMap[K comparable, V any](seq Seq2[K, V]) map[K]V {
 func TestOf(t *testing.T) {
 	seq := Of(42)
 	result := toSlice(seq)
-	assert.Equal(t, []int{42}, result)
+	assert.Equal(t, A.Of(42), result)
 }
 
 func TestOf2(t *testing.T) {
 	seq := Of2("key", 100)
 	result := toMap(seq)
-	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"key": 100}, result)
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of("key", 100), result)
 }
 
 func TestFrom(t *testing.T) {
@@ -460,7 +462,7 @@ func TestMonadZip(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var pairs []string
 	for a, b := range result {
-		pairs = append(pairs, fmt.Sprintf("%d:%s", a, b))
+		pairs = append(pairs, fmt.Sprintf("%d:%s", b, a))
 	}
 	assert.Equal(t, []string{"1:a", "2:b"}, pairs)
 }
@@ -468,8 +470,8 @@ func TestMonadZip(t *testing.T) {
 func TestZip(t *testing.T) {
 	seqA := From(1, 2, 3)
 	seqB := From("a", "b", "c")
-	zipWithA := Zip[int, string](seqA)
+	zipWithA := Zip[int](seqB)
-	result := zipWithA(seqB)
+	result := zipWithA(seqA)
 
 	var pairs []string
 	for a, b := range result {
@@ -587,3 +589,29 @@ func ExampleMonoid() {
 	fmt.Println(result)
 	// Output: [1 2 3 4 5 6]
 }
+
+func TestMonadMapToArray(t *testing.T) {
+	seq := From(1, 2, 3)
+	result := MonadMapToArray(seq, N.Mul(2))
+	assert.Equal(t, []int{2, 4, 6}, result)
+}
+
+func TestMonadMapToArrayEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	seq := Empty[int]()
+	result := MonadMapToArray(seq, N.Mul(2))
+	assert.Empty(t, result)
+}
+
+func TestMapToArray(t *testing.T) {
+	seq := From(1, 2, 3)
+	mapper := MapToArray(N.Mul(2))
+	result := mapper(seq)
+	assert.Equal(t, []int{2, 4, 6}, result)
+}
+
+func TestMapToArrayIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	seq := From("a", "b", "c")
+	mapper := MapToArray(F.Identity[string])
+	result := mapper(seq)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"a", "b", "c"}, result)
+}

v2/iterator/iter/types.go

@@ -18,8 +18,12 @@ package iter
 import (
 	I "iter"
 
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/endomorphism"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/iterator/stateless"
-	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/lens/option"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/lens"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/prism"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/pair"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/predicate"
 )
 
@@ -54,4 +58,12 @@ type (
 
 	// Operator2 represents a transformation from one key-value sequence to another.
 	Operator2[K, A, B any] = Kleisli2[K, Seq2[K, A], B]
+
+	Lens[S, A any] = lens.Lens[S, A]
+
+	Prism[S, A any] = prism.Prism[S, A]
+
+	Endomorphism[A any] = endomorphism.Endomorphism[A]
+
+	Pair[A, B any] = pair.Pair[A, B]
 )

v2/iterator/stateless/cycle.go

@@ -19,8 +19,28 @@ import (
 	G "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/iterator/stateless/generic"
 )
 
-// DropWhile creates an [Iterator] that drops elements from the [Iterator] as long as the predicate is true; afterwards, returns every element.
+// Cycle creates an [Iterator] that repeats the elements of the input [Iterator] indefinitely.
-// Note, the [Iterator] does not produce any output until the predicate first becomes false
+// The iterator cycles through all elements of the input, and when it reaches the end, it starts over from the beginning.
+// This creates an infinite iterator, so it should be used with caution and typically combined with operations that limit the output.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - U: The type of elements in the iterator
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ma: The input iterator to cycle through
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An iterator that infinitely repeats the elements of the input iterator
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	iter := stateless.FromArray([]int{1, 2, 3})
+//	cycled := stateless.Cycle(iter)
+//	// Produces: 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, ... (infinitely)
+//
+//	// Typically used with Take to limit output:
+//	limited := stateless.Take(7)(cycled)
+//	// Produces: 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1
 func Cycle[U any](ma Iterator[U]) Iterator[U] {
 	return G.Cycle(ma)
 }

v2/iterator/stateless/first.go

@@ -19,7 +19,39 @@ import (
 	G "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/iterator/stateless/generic"
 )
 
-// First returns the first item in an iterator if such an item exists
+// First returns the first element from an [Iterator] wrapped in an [Option].
+//
+// This function attempts to retrieve the first element from the iterator. If the iterator
+// contains at least one element, it returns Some(element). If the iterator is empty,
+// it returns None. The function consumes only the first element of the iterator.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - U: The type of elements in the iterator
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - mu: The input iterator to get the first element from
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - Option[U]: Some(first element) if the iterator is non-empty, None otherwise
+//
+// Example with non-empty iterator:
+//
+//	iter := stateless.From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+//	first := stateless.First(iter)
+//	// Returns: Some(1)
+//
+// Example with empty iterator:
+//
+//	iter := stateless.Empty[int]()
+//	first := stateless.First(iter)
+//	// Returns: None
+//
+// Example with filtered iterator:
+//
+//	iter := stateless.From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+//	filtered := stateless.Filter(func(x int) bool { return x > 3 })(iter)
+//	first := stateless.First(filtered)
+//	// Returns: Some(4)
 func First[U any](mu Iterator[U]) Option[U] {
 	return G.First(mu)
 }

v2/iterator/stateless/first_test.go

@@ -16,26 +16,240 @@
 package stateless
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
+	N "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/number"
 	O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/string"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
+// TestFirst tests getting the first element from a non-empty iterator
 func TestFirst(t *testing.T) {
-
+	t.Run("returns first element from integer iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
 		seq := From(1, 2, 3)
-
 		fst := First(seq)
-
 		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(1), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns first element from string iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From("a", "b", "c")
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of("a"), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns first element from single element iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(42)
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(42), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns first element from large iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(100, 200, 300, 400, 500)
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(100), fst)
+	})
 }
 
+// TestNoFirst tests getting the first element from an empty iterator
 func TestNoFirst(t *testing.T) {
-
+	t.Run("returns None for empty integer iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
 		seq := Empty[int]()
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.None[int](), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns None for empty string iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := Empty[string]()
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.None[string](), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns None for empty struct iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type TestStruct struct {
+			Value int
+		}
+		seq := Empty[TestStruct]()
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.None[TestStruct](), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithFiltered tests First with filtered iterators
+func TestFirstWithFiltered(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns first element matching filter", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+		filtered := Filter(N.MoreThan(3))(seq)
+		fst := First(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(4), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns None when no elements match filter", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3)
+		filtered := Filter(N.MoreThan(10))(seq)
+		fst := First(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.None[int](), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns first even number", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8)
+		filtered := Filter(func(x int) bool { return x%2 == 0 })(seq)
+		fst := First(filtered)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(6), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithMapped tests First with mapped iterators
+func TestFirstWithMapped(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns first element after mapping", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3)
+		mapped := Map(N.Mul(2))(seq)
+		fst := First(mapped)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(2), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns first string after mapping", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3)
+		mapped := Map(S.Format[int]("num-%d"))(seq)
+		fst := First(mapped)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of("num-1"), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithTake tests First with Take
+func TestFirstWithTake(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("returns first element from taken subset", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
+		taken := Take[int](3)(seq)
+		fst := First(taken)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(10), fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns None when taking zero elements", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3)
+		taken := Take[int](0)(seq)
+		fst := First(taken)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.None[int](), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithComplex tests First with complex types
+func TestFirstWithComplex(t *testing.T) {
+	type Person struct {
+		Name string
+		Age  int
+	}
+
+	t.Run("returns first person", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(
+			Person{"Alice", 30},
+			Person{"Bob", 25},
+			Person{"Charlie", 35},
+		)
+		fst := First(seq)
+		expected := O.Of(Person{"Alice", 30})
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, fst)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns first pointer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p1 := &Person{"Alice", 30}
+		p2 := &Person{"Bob", 25}
+		seq := From(p1, p2)
+		fst := First(seq)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(p1), fst)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstDoesNotConsumeEntireIterator tests that First only consumes the first element
+func TestFirstDoesNotConsumeEntireIterator(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("only consumes first element", func(t *testing.T) {
+		callCount := 0
+		seq := Map(func(x int) int {
+			callCount++
+			return x * 2
+		})(From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
 
 		fst := First(seq)
 
-	assert.Equal(t, O.None[int](), fst)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(2), fst)
+		// Should only have called the map function once for the first element
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, callCount)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFirstWithChainedOperations tests First with multiple chained operations
+func TestFirstWithChainedOperations(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("chains filter, map, and first", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
+		result := First(
+			Map(N.Mul(10))(
+				Filter(N.MoreThan(5))(seq),
+			),
+		)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(60), result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("chains take, filter, and first", func(t *testing.T) {
+		seq := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
+		result := First(
+			Filter(N.MoreThan(3))(
+				Take[int](7)(seq),
+			),
+		)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of(4), result)
+	})
+}
+
+// Benchmark tests
+func BenchmarkFirst(b *testing.B) {
+	seq := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for b.Loop() {
+		First(seq)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkFirstLargeIterator(b *testing.B) {
+	data := make([]int, 1000)
+	for i := range data {
+		data[i] = i
+	}
+	seq := FromArray(data)
+
+	for b.Loop() {
+		First(seq)
+	}
+}
+
+// Example tests for documentation
+func ExampleFirst() {
+	iter := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+	first := First(iter)
+
+	if value, ok := O.Unwrap(first); ok {
+		fmt.Printf("First element: %d\n", value)
+	}
+	// Output: First element: 1
+}
+
+func ExampleFirst_empty() {
+	iter := Empty[int]()
+	first := First(iter)
+
+	if _, ok := O.Unwrap(first); !ok {
+		fmt.Println("Iterator is empty")
+	}
+	// Output: Iterator is empty
+}
+
+func ExampleFirst_filtered() {
+	iter := From(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+	filtered := Filter(N.MoreThan(3))(iter)
+	first := First(filtered)
+
+	if value, ok := O.Unwrap(first); ok {
+		fmt.Printf("First element > 3: %d\n", value)
+	}
+	// Output: First element > 3: 4
 }

v2/readereither/generic/reader.go

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func ChainReaderK[
 	GEB ~func(E) ET.Either[L, B],
 	GB ~func(E) B,
 	L, E, A, B any](f func(A) GB) func(GEA) GEB {
-	return Chain[GEA, GEB, L, E, A, B](F.Flow2(f, FromReader[GB, GEB, L, E, B]))
+	return Chain[GEA](F.Flow2(f, FromReader[GB, GEB, L, E, B]))
 }
 
 func Of[GEA ~func(E) ET.Either[L, A], L, E, A any](a A) GEA {

v2/record/bind.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 package record
 
 import (
-	Mo "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/monoid"
 	G "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/generic"
 )
 
@@ -30,8 +29,8 @@ import (
 //	    Count int
 //	}
 //	result := record.Do[string, State]()
-func Do[K comparable, S any]() map[K]S {
+func Do[K comparable, S any]() Record[K, S] {
-	return G.Do[map[K]S]()
+	return G.Do[Record[K, S]]()
 }
 
 // Bind attaches the result of a computation to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2].
@@ -68,29 +67,87 @@ func Do[K comparable, S any]() map[K]S {
 //	        },
 //	    ),
 //	)
-func Bind[S1, T any, K comparable, S2 any](m Mo.Monoid[map[K]S2]) func(setter func(T) func(S1) S2, f func(S1) map[K]T) func(map[K]S1) map[K]S2 {
+func Bind[S1, T any, K comparable, S2 any](m Monoid[Record[K, S2]]) func(
-	return G.Bind[map[K]S1, map[K]S2, map[K]T](m)
+	setter func(T) func(S1) S2,
+	f Kleisli[K, S1, T],
+) Operator[K, S1, S2] {
+	return G.Bind[Record[K, S1], Record[K, S2], Record[K, T]](m)
 }
 
-// Let attaches the result of a computation to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2]
+// Let attaches the result of a computation to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2].
+// Unlike Bind, Let does not require a Monoid because it transforms each value independently
+// without merging multiple maps.
+//
+// The setter function takes the computed value and returns a function that updates the context.
+// The computation function f takes the current context and produces a value.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type State struct {
+//	    Name   string
+//	    Length int
+//	}
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe2(
+//	    map[string]State{"a": {Name: "Alice"}},
+//	    record.Let(
+//	        func(length int) func(State) State {
+//	            return func(s State) State { s.Length = length; return s }
+//	        },
+//	        func(s State) int { return len(s.Name) },
+//	    ),
+//	) // map[string]State{"a": {Name: "Alice", Length: 5}}
 func Let[S1, T any, K comparable, S2 any](
 	setter func(T) func(S1) S2,
 	f func(S1) T,
-) func(map[K]S1) map[K]S2 {
+) Operator[K, S1, S2] {
-	return G.Let[map[K]S1, map[K]S2](setter, f)
+	return G.Let[Record[K, S1], Record[K, S2]](setter, f)
 }
 
-// LetTo attaches the a value to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2]
+// LetTo attaches a constant value to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2].
+// This is similar to Let but uses a fixed value instead of computing it from the context.
+//
+// The setter function takes the value and returns a function that updates the context.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type State struct {
+//	    Name    string
+//	    Version int
+//	}
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe2(
+//	    map[string]State{"a": {Name: "Alice"}},
+//	    record.LetTo(
+//	        func(version int) func(State) State {
+//	            return func(s State) State { s.Version = version; return s }
+//	        },
+//	        2,
+//	    ),
+//	) // map[string]State{"a": {Name: "Alice", Version: 2}}
 func LetTo[S1, T any, K comparable, S2 any](
 	setter func(T) func(S1) S2,
 	b T,
-) func(map[K]S1) map[K]S2 {
+) Operator[K, S1, S2] {
-	return G.LetTo[map[K]S1, map[K]S2](setter, b)
+	return G.LetTo[Record[K, S1], Record[K, S2]](setter, b)
 }
 
-// BindTo initializes a new state [S1] from a value [T]
+// BindTo initializes a new state [S1] from a value [T].
-func BindTo[S1, T any, K comparable](setter func(T) S1) func(map[K]T) map[K]S1 {
+// This is typically used as the first step in a do-notation chain to convert
-	return G.BindTo[map[K]S1, map[K]T](setter)
+// a simple map of values into a map of state objects.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type State struct {
+//	    Name string
+//	}
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe1(
+//	    map[string]string{"a": "Alice", "b": "Bob"},
+//	    record.BindTo(func(name string) State { return State{Name: name} }),
+//	) // map[string]State{"a": {Name: "Alice"}, "b": {Name: "Bob"}}
+func BindTo[S1, T any, K comparable](setter func(T) S1) Operator[K, T, S1] {
+	return G.BindTo[Record[K, S1], Record[K, T]](setter)
 }
 
 // ApS attaches a value to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2] by considering
@@ -126,6 +183,9 @@ func BindTo[S1, T any, K comparable](setter func(T) S1) func(map[K]T) map[K]S1 {
 //	        counts,
 //	    ),
 //	) // map[string]State{"a": {Name: "Alice", Count: 10}, "b": {Name: "Bob", Count: 20}}
-func ApS[S1, T any, K comparable, S2 any](m Mo.Monoid[map[K]S2]) func(setter func(T) func(S1) S2, fa map[K]T) func(map[K]S1) map[K]S2 {
+func ApS[S1, T any, K comparable, S2 any](m Monoid[Record[K, S2]]) func(
-	return G.ApS[map[K]S1, map[K]S2, map[K]T](m)
+	setter func(T) func(S1) S2,
+	fa Record[K, T],
+) Operator[K, S1, S2] {
+	return G.ApS[Record[K, S1], Record[K, S2], Record[K, T]](m)
 }

v2/record/bind_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package record
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+type TestState struct {
+	Name    string
+	Count   int
+	Version int
+}
+
+func TestDo(t *testing.T) {
+	result := Do[string, TestState]()
+	assert.NotNil(t, result)
+	assert.Empty(t, result)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]TestState{}, result)
+}
+
+func TestBindTo(t *testing.T) {
+	input := map[string]string{"a": "Alice", "b": "Bob"}
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		input,
+		BindTo[TestState, string, string](func(name string) TestState {
+			return TestState{Name: name}
+		}),
+	)
+	expected := map[string]TestState{
+		"a": {Name: "Alice"},
+		"b": {Name: "Bob"},
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestLet(t *testing.T) {
+	input := map[string]TestState{
+		"a": {Name: "Alice"},
+		"b": {Name: "Bob"},
+	}
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		input,
+		Let[TestState, int, string](
+			func(length int) func(TestState) TestState {
+				return func(s TestState) TestState {
+					s.Count = length
+					return s
+				}
+			},
+			func(s TestState) int {
+				return len(s.Name)
+			},
+		),
+	)
+	expected := map[string]TestState{
+		"a": {Name: "Alice", Count: 5},
+		"b": {Name: "Bob", Count: 3},
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestLetTo(t *testing.T) {
+	input := map[string]TestState{
+		"a": {Name: "Alice"},
+		"b": {Name: "Bob"},
+	}
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		input,
+		LetTo[TestState, int, string](
+			func(version int) func(TestState) TestState {
+				return func(s TestState) TestState {
+					s.Version = version
+					return s
+				}
+			},
+			2,
+		),
+	)
+	expected := map[string]TestState{
+		"a": {Name: "Alice", Version: 2},
+		"b": {Name: "Bob", Version: 2},
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestBind(t *testing.T) {
+	monoid := MergeMonoid[string, TestState]()
+
+	// Bind chains computations where each step can depend on previous results
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		map[string]string{"x": "test"},
+		Bind[string, int](monoid)(
+			func(length int) func(string) TestState {
+				return func(s string) TestState {
+					return TestState{Name: s, Count: length}
+				}
+			},
+			func(s string) map[string]int {
+				return map[string]int{"x": len(s)}
+			},
+		),
+	)
+
+	expected := map[string]TestState{
+		"x": {Name: "test", Count: 4},
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestApS(t *testing.T) {
+	monoid := MergeMonoid[string, TestState]()
+
+	// ApS applies independent computations
+	names := map[string]string{"x": "Alice"}
+	counts := map[string]int{"x": 10}
+
+	result := F.Pipe2(
+		map[string]TestState{"x": {}},
+		ApS[TestState, string](monoid)(
+			func(name string) func(TestState) TestState {
+				return func(s TestState) TestState {
+					s.Name = name
+					return s
+				}
+			},
+			names,
+		),
+		ApS[TestState, int](monoid)(
+			func(count int) func(TestState) TestState {
+				return func(s TestState) TestState {
+					s.Count = count
+					return s
+				}
+			},
+			counts,
+		),
+	)
+
+	expected := map[string]TestState{
+		"x": {Name: "Alice", Count: 10},
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestBindChain(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test a complete do-notation chain with BindTo, Let, and LetTo
+	result := F.Pipe3(
+		map[string]string{"x": "Alice", "y": "Bob"},
+		BindTo[TestState, string, string](func(name string) TestState {
+			return TestState{Name: name}
+		}),
+		Let[TestState, int, string](
+			func(count int) func(TestState) TestState {
+				return func(s TestState) TestState {
+					s.Count = count
+					return s
+				}
+			},
+			func(s TestState) int {
+				return len(s.Name)
+			},
+		),
+		LetTo[TestState, int, string](
+			func(version int) func(TestState) TestState {
+				return func(s TestState) TestState {
+					s.Version = version
+					return s
+				}
+			},
+			1,
+		),
+	)
+
+	expected := map[string]TestState{
+		"x": {Name: "Alice", Count: 5, Version: 1},
+		"y": {Name: "Bob", Count: 3, Version: 1},
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestBindWithDependentComputation(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test Bind where the computation creates new keys based on input
+	monoid := MergeMonoid[string, TestState]()
+
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		map[string]int{"x": 5},
+		Bind[int, string](monoid)(
+			func(str string) func(int) TestState {
+				return func(n int) TestState {
+					return TestState{Name: str, Count: n}
+				}
+			},
+			func(n int) map[string]string {
+				// Create a string based on the number
+				result := ""
+				for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+					result += "a"
+				}
+				return map[string]string{"x": result}
+			},
+		),
+	)
+
+	expected := map[string]TestState{
+		"x": {Name: "aaaaa", Count: 5},
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}

v2/record/coverage.out

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+mode: set
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/bind.go:33.40,35.2 1 0
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/bind.go:71.144,73.2 1 0
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/bind.go:79.27,81.2 1 0
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/bind.go:87.27,89.2 1 0
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/bind.go:92.80,94.2 1 0
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/bind.go:129.135,131.2 1 0
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/eq.go:23.55,25.2 1 0
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/eq.go:28.56,30.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/monoid.go:25.75,27.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/monoid.go:30.63,32.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/monoid.go:35.64,37.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/monoid.go:40.59,42.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:28.51,30.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:33.54,35.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:38.47,40.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:43.49,45.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:48.72,50.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:53.92,55.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:57.80,59.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:61.92,63.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:65.84,67.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:69.96,71.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:73.71,75.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:77.83,79.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:81.87,83.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:85.75,87.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:89.69,91.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:93.73,95.2 1 1
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+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:340.106,342.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/record.go:344.48,346.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/semigroup.go:53.81,55.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/semigroup.go:80.69,82.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/semigroup.go:107.70,109.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/traverse.go:27.41,29.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/traverse.go:39.38,41.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/traverse.go:50.23,53.2 1 1

v2/record/eq.go

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ import (
 	G "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/generic"
 )
 
-func Eq[K comparable, V any](e E.Eq[V]) E.Eq[map[K]V] {
+func Eq[K comparable, V any](e E.Eq[V]) E.Eq[Record[K, V]] {
-	return G.Eq[map[K]V](e)
+	return G.Eq[Record[K, V]](e)
 }
 
 // FromStrictEquals constructs an [EQ.Eq] from the canonical comparison function
-func FromStrictEquals[K, V comparable]() E.Eq[map[K]V] {
+func FromStrictEquals[K, V comparable]() E.Eq[Record[K, V]] {
-	return G.FromStrictEquals[map[K]V]()
+	return G.FromStrictEquals[Record[K, V]]()
 }

v2/record/generic/record.go

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 	Mo "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/monoid"
 	O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/ord"
-	T "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/tuple"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/pair"
 )
 
 func IsEmpty[M ~map[K]V, K comparable, V any](r M) bool {
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ func ValuesOrd[M ~map[K]V, GV ~[]V, K comparable, V any](o ord.Ord[K]) func(r M)
 
 func collectOrd[M ~map[K]V, GR ~[]R, K comparable, V, R any](o ord.Ord[K], r M, f func(K, V) R) GR {
 	// create the entries
-	entries := toEntriesOrd[M, []T.Tuple2[K, V]](o, r)
+	entries := toEntriesOrd[M, []pair.Pair[K, V]](o, r)
 	// collect this array
-	ft := T.Tupled2(f)
+	ft := pair.Paired(f)
 	count := len(entries)
 	result := make(GR, count)
 	for i := count - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
@@ -73,13 +73,13 @@ func collectOrd[M ~map[K]V, GR ~[]R, K comparable, V, R any](o ord.Ord[K], r M,
 
 func reduceOrd[M ~map[K]V, K comparable, V, R any](o ord.Ord[K], r M, f func(K, R, V) R, initial R) R {
 	// create the entries
-	entries := toEntriesOrd[M, []T.Tuple2[K, V]](o, r)
+	entries := toEntriesOrd[M, []pair.Pair[K, V]](o, r)
 	// collect this array
 	current := initial
 	count := len(entries)
 	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
 		t := entries[i]
-		current = f(T.First(t), current, T.Second(t))
+		current = f(pair.Head(t), current, pair.Tail(t))
 	}
 	// done
 	return current
@@ -318,32 +318,32 @@ func Size[M ~map[K]V, K comparable, V any](r M) int {
 	return len(r)
 }
 
-func ToArray[M ~map[K]V, GT ~[]T.Tuple2[K, V], K comparable, V any](r M) GT {
+func ToArray[M ~map[K]V, GT ~[]pair.Pair[K, V], K comparable, V any](r M) GT {
-	return collect[M, GT](r, T.MakeTuple2[K, V])
+	return collect[M, GT](r, pair.MakePair[K, V])
 }
 
-func toEntriesOrd[M ~map[K]V, GT ~[]T.Tuple2[K, V], K comparable, V any](o ord.Ord[K], r M) GT {
+func toEntriesOrd[M ~map[K]V, GT ~[]pair.Pair[K, V], K comparable, V any](o ord.Ord[K], r M) GT {
 	// total number of elements
 	count := len(r)
 	// produce an array that we can sort by key
 	entries := make(GT, count)
 	idx := 0
 	for k, v := range r {
-		entries[idx] = T.MakeTuple2(k, v)
+		entries[idx] = pair.MakePair(k, v)
 		idx++
 	}
 	sort.Slice(entries, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return o.Compare(T.First(entries[i]), T.First(entries[j])) < 0
+		return o.Compare(pair.Head(entries[i]), pair.Head(entries[j])) < 0
 	})
 	// final entries
 	return entries
 }
 
-func ToEntriesOrd[M ~map[K]V, GT ~[]T.Tuple2[K, V], K comparable, V any](o ord.Ord[K]) func(r M) GT {
+func ToEntriesOrd[M ~map[K]V, GT ~[]pair.Pair[K, V], K comparable, V any](o ord.Ord[K]) func(r M) GT {
 	return F.Bind1st(toEntriesOrd[M, GT, K, V], o)
 }
 
-func ToEntries[M ~map[K]V, GT ~[]T.Tuple2[K, V], K comparable, V any](r M) GT {
+func ToEntries[M ~map[K]V, GT ~[]pair.Pair[K, V], K comparable, V any](r M) GT {
 	return ToArray[M, GT](r)
 }
 
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ func ToEntries[M ~map[K]V, GT ~[]T.Tuple2[K, V], K comparable, V any](r M) GT {
 // its values into a tuple. The key and value are then used to populate the map. Duplicate
 // values are resolved via the provided [Mg.Magma]
 func FromFoldableMap[
-	FCT ~func(A) T.Tuple2[K, V],
+	FCT ~func(A) pair.Pair[K, V],
 	HKTA any,
 	FOLDABLE ~func(func(M, A) M, M) func(HKTA) M,
 	M ~map[K]V,
@@ -364,12 +364,12 @@ func FromFoldableMap[
 				dst = make(M)
 			}
 			e := f(a)
-			k := T.First(e)
+			k := pair.Head(e)
 			old, ok := dst[k]
 			if ok {
-				dst[k] = m.Concat(old, T.Second(e))
+				dst[k] = m.Concat(old, pair.Tail(e))
 			} else {
-				dst[k] = T.Second(e)
+				dst[k] = pair.Tail(e)
 			}
 			return dst
 		}, Empty[M]())
@@ -378,15 +378,15 @@ func FromFoldableMap[
 
 func FromFoldable[
 	HKTA any,
-	FOLDABLE ~func(func(M, T.Tuple2[K, V]) M, M) func(HKTA) M,
+	FOLDABLE ~func(func(M, pair.Pair[K, V]) M, M) func(HKTA) M,
 	M ~map[K]V,
 	K comparable,
 	V any](m Mg.Magma[V], red FOLDABLE) func(fa HKTA) M {
-	return FromFoldableMap[func(T.Tuple2[K, V]) T.Tuple2[K, V]](m, red)(F.Identity[T.Tuple2[K, V]])
+	return FromFoldableMap[func(pair.Pair[K, V]) pair.Pair[K, V]](m, red)(F.Identity[pair.Pair[K, V]])
 }
 
 func FromArrayMap[
-	FCT ~func(A) T.Tuple2[K, V],
+	FCT ~func(A) pair.Pair[K, V],
 	GA ~[]A,
 	M ~map[K]V,
 	A any,
@@ -396,17 +396,17 @@ func FromArrayMap[
 }
 
 func FromArray[
-	GA ~[]T.Tuple2[K, V],
+	GA ~[]pair.Pair[K, V],
 	M ~map[K]V,
 	K comparable,
 	V any](m Mg.Magma[V]) func(fa GA) M {
-	return FromFoldable(m, F.Bind23of3(RAG.Reduce[GA, T.Tuple2[K, V], M]))
+	return FromFoldable(m, F.Bind23of3(RAG.Reduce[GA, pair.Pair[K, V], M]))
 }
 
-func FromEntries[M ~map[K]V, GT ~[]T.Tuple2[K, V], K comparable, V any](fa GT) M {
+func FromEntries[M ~map[K]V, GT ~[]pair.Pair[K, V], K comparable, V any](fa GT) M {
 	m := make(M)
 	for _, t := range fa {
-		upsertAtReadWrite(m, t.F1, t.F2)
+		upsertAtReadWrite(m, pair.Head(t), pair.Tail(t))
 	}
 	return m
 }

v2/record/monoid.go

@@ -16,27 +16,34 @@
 package record
 
 import (
-	M "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/monoid"
 	G "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/generic"
 	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/semigroup"
 )
 
 // UnionMonoid computes the union of two maps of the same type
-func UnionMonoid[K comparable, V any](s S.Semigroup[V]) M.Monoid[map[K]V] {
+//
-	return G.UnionMonoid[map[K]V](s)
+//go:inline
+func UnionMonoid[K comparable, V any](s S.Semigroup[V]) Monoid[Record[K, V]] {
+	return G.UnionMonoid[Record[K, V]](s)
 }
 
 // UnionLastMonoid computes the union of two maps of the same type giving the last map precedence
-func UnionLastMonoid[K comparable, V any]() M.Monoid[map[K]V] {
+//
-	return G.UnionLastMonoid[map[K]V]()
+//go:inline
+func UnionLastMonoid[K comparable, V any]() Monoid[Record[K, V]] {
+	return G.UnionLastMonoid[Record[K, V]]()
 }
 
 // UnionFirstMonoid computes the union of two maps of the same type giving the first map precedence
-func UnionFirstMonoid[K comparable, V any]() M.Monoid[map[K]V] {
+//
-	return G.UnionFirstMonoid[map[K]V]()
+//go:inline
+func UnionFirstMonoid[K comparable, V any]() Monoid[Record[K, V]] {
+	return G.UnionFirstMonoid[Record[K, V]]()
 }
 
 // MergeMonoid computes the union of two maps of the same type giving the last map precedence
-func MergeMonoid[K comparable, V any]() M.Monoid[map[K]V] {
+//
-	return G.UnionLastMonoid[map[K]V]()
+//go:inline
+func MergeMonoid[K comparable, V any]() Monoid[Record[K, V]] {
+	return G.UnionLastMonoid[Record[K, V]]()
 }

v2/record/record.go

@@ -16,295 +16,316 @@
 package record
 
 import (
-	EM "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/endomorphism"
 	Mg "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/magma"
-	Mo "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/monoid"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
-	O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/ord"
 	G "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/generic"
-	T "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/tuple"
 )
 
 // IsEmpty tests if a map is empty
-func IsEmpty[K comparable, V any](r map[K]V) bool {
+func IsEmpty[K comparable, V any](r Record[K, V]) bool {
 	return G.IsEmpty(r)
 }
 
 // IsNonEmpty tests if a map is not empty
-func IsNonEmpty[K comparable, V any](r map[K]V) bool {
+func IsNonEmpty[K comparable, V any](r Record[K, V]) bool {
 	return G.IsNonEmpty(r)
 }
 
 // Keys returns the key in a map
-func Keys[K comparable, V any](r map[K]V) []K {
+func Keys[K comparable, V any](r Record[K, V]) []K {
-	return G.Keys[map[K]V, []K](r)
+	return G.Keys[Record[K, V], []K](r)
 }
 
 // Values returns the values in a map
-func Values[K comparable, V any](r map[K]V) []V {
+func Values[K comparable, V any](r Record[K, V]) []V {
-	return G.Values[map[K]V, []V](r)
+	return G.Values[Record[K, V], []V](r)
 }
 
 // Collect applies a collector function to the key value pairs in a map and returns the result as an array
-func Collect[K comparable, V, R any](f func(K, V) R) func(map[K]V) []R {
+func Collect[K comparable, V, R any](f func(K, V) R) func(Record[K, V]) []R {
-	return G.Collect[map[K]V, []R](f)
+	return G.Collect[Record[K, V], []R](f)
 }
 
 // CollectOrd applies a collector function to the key value pairs in a map and returns the result as an array
-func CollectOrd[V, R any, K comparable](o ord.Ord[K]) func(func(K, V) R) func(map[K]V) []R {
+func CollectOrd[V, R any, K comparable](o ord.Ord[K]) func(func(K, V) R) func(Record[K, V]) []R {
-	return G.CollectOrd[map[K]V, []R](o)
+	return G.CollectOrd[Record[K, V], []R](o)
 }
 
-func Reduce[K comparable, V, R any](f func(R, V) R, initial R) func(map[K]V) R {
+// Reduce reduces a map to a single value by applying a reducer function to each value
-	return G.Reduce[map[K]V](f, initial)
+func Reduce[K comparable, V, R any](f func(R, V) R, initial R) func(Record[K, V]) R {
+	return G.Reduce[Record[K, V]](f, initial)
 }
 
-func ReduceWithIndex[K comparable, V, R any](f func(K, R, V) R, initial R) func(map[K]V) R {
+// ReduceWithIndex reduces a map to a single value by applying a reducer function to each key-value pair
-	return G.ReduceWithIndex[map[K]V](f, initial)
+func ReduceWithIndex[K comparable, V, R any](f func(K, R, V) R, initial R) func(Record[K, V]) R {
+	return G.ReduceWithIndex[Record[K, V]](f, initial)
 }
 
-func ReduceRef[K comparable, V, R any](f func(R, *V) R, initial R) func(map[K]V) R {
+// ReduceRef reduces a map to a single value by applying a reducer function to each value reference
-	return G.ReduceRef[map[K]V](f, initial)
+func ReduceRef[K comparable, V, R any](f func(R, *V) R, initial R) func(Record[K, V]) R {
+	return G.ReduceRef[Record[K, V]](f, initial)
 }
 
-func ReduceRefWithIndex[K comparable, V, R any](f func(K, R, *V) R, initial R) func(map[K]V) R {
+// ReduceRefWithIndex reduces a map to a single value by applying a reducer function to each key-value pair with value references
-	return G.ReduceRefWithIndex[map[K]V](f, initial)
+func ReduceRefWithIndex[K comparable, V, R any](f func(K, R, *V) R, initial R) func(Record[K, V]) R {
+	return G.ReduceRefWithIndex[Record[K, V]](f, initial)
 }
 
-func MonadMap[K comparable, V, R any](r map[K]V, f func(V) R) map[K]R {
+// MonadMap transforms each value in a map using the provided function
-	return G.MonadMap[map[K]V, map[K]R](r, f)
+func MonadMap[K comparable, V, R any](r Record[K, V], f func(V) R) Record[K, R] {
+	return G.MonadMap[Record[K, V], Record[K, R]](r, f)
 }
 
-func MonadMapWithIndex[K comparable, V, R any](r map[K]V, f func(K, V) R) map[K]R {
+// MonadMapWithIndex transforms each key-value pair in a map using the provided function
-	return G.MonadMapWithIndex[map[K]V, map[K]R](r, f)
+func MonadMapWithIndex[K comparable, V, R any](r Record[K, V], f func(K, V) R) Record[K, R] {
+	return G.MonadMapWithIndex[Record[K, V], Record[K, R]](r, f)
 }
 
-func MonadMapRefWithIndex[K comparable, V, R any](r map[K]V, f func(K, *V) R) map[K]R {
+// MonadMapRefWithIndex transforms each key-value pair in a map using the provided function with value references
-	return G.MonadMapRefWithIndex[map[K]V, map[K]R](r, f)
+func MonadMapRefWithIndex[K comparable, V, R any](r Record[K, V], f func(K, *V) R) Record[K, R] {
+	return G.MonadMapRefWithIndex[Record[K, V], Record[K, R]](r, f)
 }
 
-func MonadMapRef[K comparable, V, R any](r map[K]V, f func(*V) R) map[K]R {
+// MonadMapRef transforms each value in a map using the provided function with value references
-	return G.MonadMapRef[map[K]V, map[K]R](r, f)
+func MonadMapRef[K comparable, V, R any](r Record[K, V], f func(*V) R) Record[K, R] {
+	return G.MonadMapRef[Record[K, V], Record[K, R]](r, f)
 }
 
-func Map[K comparable, V, R any](f func(V) R) func(map[K]V) map[K]R {
+// Map returns a function that transforms each value in a map using the provided function
-	return G.Map[map[K]V, map[K]R](f)
+func Map[K comparable, V, R any](f func(V) R) Operator[K, V, R] {
+	return G.Map[Record[K, V], Record[K, R]](f)
 }
 
-func MapRef[K comparable, V, R any](f func(*V) R) func(map[K]V) map[K]R {
+// MapRef returns a function that transforms each value in a map using the provided function with value references
-	return G.MapRef[map[K]V, map[K]R](f)
+func MapRef[K comparable, V, R any](f func(*V) R) Operator[K, V, R] {
+	return G.MapRef[Record[K, V], Record[K, R]](f)
 }
 
-func MapWithIndex[K comparable, V, R any](f func(K, V) R) func(map[K]V) map[K]R {
+// MapWithIndex returns a function that transforms each key-value pair in a map using the provided function
-	return G.MapWithIndex[map[K]V, map[K]R](f)
+func MapWithIndex[K comparable, V, R any](f func(K, V) R) Operator[K, V, R] {
+	return G.MapWithIndex[Record[K, V], Record[K, R]](f)
 }
 
-func MapRefWithIndex[K comparable, V, R any](f func(K, *V) R) func(map[K]V) map[K]R {
+// MapRefWithIndex returns a function that transforms each key-value pair in a map using the provided function with value references
-	return G.MapRefWithIndex[map[K]V, map[K]R](f)
+func MapRefWithIndex[K comparable, V, R any](f func(K, *V) R) Operator[K, V, R] {
+	return G.MapRefWithIndex[Record[K, V], Record[K, R]](f)
 }
 
 // Lookup returns the entry for a key in a map if it exists
-func Lookup[V any, K comparable](k K) func(map[K]V) O.Option[V] {
+func Lookup[V any, K comparable](k K) option.Kleisli[Record[K, V], V] {
-	return G.Lookup[map[K]V](k)
+	return G.Lookup[Record[K, V]](k)
 }
 
 // MonadLookup returns the entry for a key in a map if it exists
-func MonadLookup[V any, K comparable](m map[K]V, k K) O.Option[V] {
+func MonadLookup[V any, K comparable](m Record[K, V], k K) Option[V] {
 	return G.MonadLookup(m, k)
 }
 
 // Has tests if a key is contained in a map
-func Has[K comparable, V any](k K, r map[K]V) bool {
+func Has[K comparable, V any](k K, r Record[K, V]) bool {
 	return G.Has(k, r)
 }
 
-func Union[K comparable, V any](m Mg.Magma[V]) func(map[K]V) func(map[K]V) map[K]V {
+// Union combines two maps using the provided Magma to resolve conflicts for duplicate keys
-	return G.Union[map[K]V](m)
+func Union[K comparable, V any](m Mg.Magma[V]) func(Record[K, V]) Operator[K, V, V] {
+	return G.Union[Record[K, V]](m)
 }
 
 // Merge combines two maps giving the values in the right one precedence. Also refer to [MergeMonoid]
-func Merge[K comparable, V any](right map[K]V) func(map[K]V) map[K]V {
+func Merge[K comparable, V any](right Record[K, V]) Operator[K, V, V] {
 	return G.Merge(right)
 }
 
 // Empty creates an empty map
-func Empty[K comparable, V any]() map[K]V {
+func Empty[K comparable, V any]() Record[K, V] {
-	return G.Empty[map[K]V]()
+	return G.Empty[Record[K, V]]()
 }
 
 // Size returns the number of elements in a map
-func Size[K comparable, V any](r map[K]V) int {
+func Size[K comparable, V any](r Record[K, V]) int {
 	return G.Size(r)
 }
 
-func ToArray[K comparable, V any](r map[K]V) []T.Tuple2[K, V] {
+// ToArray converts a map to an array of key-value pairs
-	return G.ToArray[map[K]V, []T.Tuple2[K, V]](r)
+func ToArray[K comparable, V any](r Record[K, V]) Entries[K, V] {
+	return G.ToArray[Record[K, V], Entries[K, V]](r)
 }
 
-func ToEntries[K comparable, V any](r map[K]V) []T.Tuple2[K, V] {
+// ToEntries converts a map to an array of key-value pairs (alias for ToArray)
-	return G.ToEntries[map[K]V, []T.Tuple2[K, V]](r)
+func ToEntries[K comparable, V any](r Record[K, V]) Entries[K, V] {
+	return G.ToEntries[Record[K, V], Entries[K, V]](r)
 }
 
-func FromEntries[K comparable, V any](fa []T.Tuple2[K, V]) map[K]V {
+// FromEntries creates a map from an array of key-value pairs
-	return G.FromEntries[map[K]V](fa)
+func FromEntries[K comparable, V any](fa Entries[K, V]) Record[K, V] {
+	return G.FromEntries[Record[K, V]](fa)
 }
 
-func UpsertAt[K comparable, V any](k K, v V) func(map[K]V) map[K]V {
+// UpsertAt returns a function that inserts or updates a key-value pair in a map
-	return G.UpsertAt[map[K]V](k, v)
+func UpsertAt[K comparable, V any](k K, v V) Operator[K, V, V] {
+	return G.UpsertAt[Record[K, V]](k, v)
 }
 
-func DeleteAt[K comparable, V any](k K) func(map[K]V) map[K]V {
+// DeleteAt returns a function that removes a key from a map
-	return G.DeleteAt[map[K]V](k)
+func DeleteAt[K comparable, V any](k K) Operator[K, V, V] {
+	return G.DeleteAt[Record[K, V]](k)
 }
 
 // Singleton creates a new map with a single entry
-func Singleton[K comparable, V any](k K, v V) map[K]V {
+func Singleton[K comparable, V any](k K, v V) Record[K, V] {
-	return G.Singleton[map[K]V](k, v)
+	return G.Singleton[Record[K, V]](k, v)
 }
 
 // FilterMapWithIndex creates a new map with only the elements for which the transformation function creates a Some
-func FilterMapWithIndex[K comparable, V1, V2 any](f func(K, V1) O.Option[V2]) func(map[K]V1) map[K]V2 {
+func FilterMapWithIndex[K comparable, V1, V2 any](f func(K, V1) Option[V2]) Operator[K, V1, V2] {
-	return G.FilterMapWithIndex[map[K]V1, map[K]V2](f)
+	return G.FilterMapWithIndex[Record[K, V1], Record[K, V2]](f)
 }
 
 // FilterMap creates a new map with only the elements for which the transformation function creates a Some
-func FilterMap[K comparable, V1, V2 any](f func(V1) O.Option[V2]) func(map[K]V1) map[K]V2 {
+func FilterMap[K comparable, V1, V2 any](f option.Kleisli[V1, V2]) Operator[K, V1, V2] {
-	return G.FilterMap[map[K]V1, map[K]V2](f)
+	return G.FilterMap[Record[K, V1], Record[K, V2]](f)
 }
 
 // Filter creates a new map with only the elements that match the predicate
-func Filter[K comparable, V any](f func(K) bool) func(map[K]V) map[K]V {
+func Filter[K comparable, V any](f Predicate[K]) Operator[K, V, V] {
-	return G.Filter[map[K]V](f)
+	return G.Filter[Record[K, V]](f)
 }
 
 // FilterWithIndex creates a new map with only the elements that match the predicate
-func FilterWithIndex[K comparable, V any](f func(K, V) bool) func(map[K]V) map[K]V {
+func FilterWithIndex[K comparable, V any](f PredicateWithIndex[K, V]) Operator[K, V, V] {
-	return G.FilterWithIndex[map[K]V](f)
+	return G.FilterWithIndex[Record[K, V]](f)
 }
 
 // IsNil checks if the map is set to nil
-func IsNil[K comparable, V any](m map[K]V) bool {
+func IsNil[K comparable, V any](m Record[K, V]) bool {
 	return G.IsNil(m)
 }
 
 // IsNonNil checks if the map is set to nil
-func IsNonNil[K comparable, V any](m map[K]V) bool {
+func IsNonNil[K comparable, V any](m Record[K, V]) bool {
 	return G.IsNonNil(m)
 }
 
 // ConstNil return a nil map
-func ConstNil[K comparable, V any]() map[K]V {
+func ConstNil[K comparable, V any]() Record[K, V] {
-	return map[K]V(nil)
+	return Record[K, V](nil)
 }
 
-func MonadChainWithIndex[V1 any, K comparable, V2 any](m Mo.Monoid[map[K]V2], r map[K]V1, f func(K, V1) map[K]V2) map[K]V2 {
+// MonadChainWithIndex chains a map transformation function that produces maps, combining results using the provided Monoid
+func MonadChainWithIndex[V1 any, K comparable, V2 any](m Monoid[Record[K, V2]], r Record[K, V1], f KleisliWithIndex[K, V1, V2]) Record[K, V2] {
 	return G.MonadChainWithIndex(m, r, f)
 }
 
-func MonadChain[V1 any, K comparable, V2 any](m Mo.Monoid[map[K]V2], r map[K]V1, f func(V1) map[K]V2) map[K]V2 {
+// MonadChain chains a map transformation function that produces maps, combining results using the provided Monoid
+func MonadChain[V1 any, K comparable, V2 any](m Monoid[Record[K, V2]], r Record[K, V1], f Kleisli[K, V1, V2]) Record[K, V2] {
 	return G.MonadChain(m, r, f)
 }
 
-func ChainWithIndex[V1 any, K comparable, V2 any](m Mo.Monoid[map[K]V2]) func(func(K, V1) map[K]V2) func(map[K]V1) map[K]V2 {
+// ChainWithIndex returns a function that chains a map transformation function that produces maps, combining results using the provided Monoid
-	return G.ChainWithIndex[map[K]V1](m)
+func ChainWithIndex[V1 any, K comparable, V2 any](m Monoid[Record[K, V2]]) func(KleisliWithIndex[K, V1, V2]) Operator[K, V1, V2] {
+	return G.ChainWithIndex[Record[K, V1]](m)
 }
 
-func Chain[V1 any, K comparable, V2 any](m Mo.Monoid[map[K]V2]) func(func(V1) map[K]V2) func(map[K]V1) map[K]V2 {
+// Chain returns a function that chains a map transformation function that produces maps, combining results using the provided Monoid
-	return G.Chain[map[K]V1](m)
+func Chain[V1 any, K comparable, V2 any](m Monoid[Record[K, V2]]) func(Kleisli[K, V1, V2]) Operator[K, V1, V2] {
+	return G.Chain[Record[K, V1]](m)
 }
 
 // Flatten converts a nested map into a regular map
-func Flatten[K comparable, V any](m Mo.Monoid[map[K]V]) func(map[K]map[K]V) map[K]V {
+func Flatten[K comparable, V any](m Monoid[Record[K, V]]) func(Record[K, Record[K, V]]) Record[K, V] {
-	return G.Flatten[map[K]map[K]V](m)
+	return G.Flatten[Record[K, Record[K, V]]](m)
 }
 
 // FilterChainWithIndex creates a new map with only the elements for which the transformation function creates a Some
-func FilterChainWithIndex[V1 any, K comparable, V2 any](m Mo.Monoid[map[K]V2]) func(func(K, V1) O.Option[map[K]V2]) func(map[K]V1) map[K]V2 {
+func FilterChainWithIndex[V1 any, K comparable, V2 any](m Monoid[Record[K, V2]]) func(func(K, V1) Option[Record[K, V2]]) Operator[K, V1, V2] {
-	return G.FilterChainWithIndex[map[K]V1](m)
+	return G.FilterChainWithIndex[Record[K, V1]](m)
 }
 
 // FilterChain creates a new map with only the elements for which the transformation function creates a Some
-func FilterChain[V1 any, K comparable, V2 any](m Mo.Monoid[map[K]V2]) func(func(V1) O.Option[map[K]V2]) func(map[K]V1) map[K]V2 {
+func FilterChain[V1 any, K comparable, V2 any](m Monoid[Record[K, V2]]) func(option.Kleisli[V1, Record[K, V2]]) Operator[K, V1, V2] {
-	return G.FilterChain[map[K]V1](m)
+	return G.FilterChain[Record[K, V1]](m)
 }
 
 // FoldMap maps and folds a record. Map the record passing each value to the iterating function. Then fold the results using the provided Monoid.
-func FoldMap[K comparable, A, B any](m Mo.Monoid[B]) func(func(A) B) func(map[K]A) B {
+func FoldMap[K comparable, A, B any](m Monoid[B]) func(func(A) B) func(Record[K, A]) B {
-	return G.FoldMap[map[K]A](m)
+	return G.FoldMap[Record[K, A]](m)
 }
 
 // FoldMapWithIndex maps and folds a record. Map the record passing each value to the iterating function. Then fold the results using the provided Monoid.
-func FoldMapWithIndex[K comparable, A, B any](m Mo.Monoid[B]) func(func(K, A) B) func(map[K]A) B {
+func FoldMapWithIndex[K comparable, A, B any](m Monoid[B]) func(func(K, A) B) func(Record[K, A]) B {
-	return G.FoldMapWithIndex[map[K]A](m)
+	return G.FoldMapWithIndex[Record[K, A]](m)
 }
 
 // Fold folds the record using the provided Monoid.
-func Fold[K comparable, A any](m Mo.Monoid[A]) func(map[K]A) A {
+func Fold[K comparable, A any](m Monoid[A]) func(Record[K, A]) A {
-	return G.Fold[map[K]A](m)
+	return G.Fold[Record[K, A]](m)
 }
 
 // ReduceOrdWithIndex reduces a map into a single value via a reducer function making sure that the keys are passed to the reducer in the specified order
-func ReduceOrdWithIndex[V, R any, K comparable](o ord.Ord[K]) func(func(K, R, V) R, R) func(map[K]V) R {
+func ReduceOrdWithIndex[V, R any, K comparable](o ord.Ord[K]) func(func(K, R, V) R, R) func(Record[K, V]) R {
-	return G.ReduceOrdWithIndex[map[K]V, K, V, R](o)
+	return G.ReduceOrdWithIndex[Record[K, V], K, V, R](o)
 }
 
 // ReduceOrd reduces a map into a single value via a reducer function making sure that the keys are passed to the reducer in the specified order
-func ReduceOrd[V, R any, K comparable](o ord.Ord[K]) func(func(R, V) R, R) func(map[K]V) R {
+func ReduceOrd[V, R any, K comparable](o ord.Ord[K]) func(func(R, V) R, R) func(Record[K, V]) R {
-	return G.ReduceOrd[map[K]V, K, V, R](o)
+	return G.ReduceOrd[Record[K, V], K, V, R](o)
 }
 
 // FoldMap maps and folds a record. Map the record passing each value to the iterating function. Then fold the results using the provided Monoid and the items in the provided order
-func FoldMapOrd[A, B any, K comparable](o ord.Ord[K]) func(m Mo.Monoid[B]) func(func(A) B) func(map[K]A) B {
+func FoldMapOrd[A, B any, K comparable](o ord.Ord[K]) func(m Monoid[B]) func(func(A) B) func(Record[K, A]) B {
-	return G.FoldMapOrd[map[K]A, K, A, B](o)
+	return G.FoldMapOrd[Record[K, A], K, A, B](o)
 }
 
 // Fold folds the record using the provided Monoid with the items passed in the given order
-func FoldOrd[A any, K comparable](o ord.Ord[K]) func(m Mo.Monoid[A]) func(map[K]A) A {
+func FoldOrd[A any, K comparable](o ord.Ord[K]) func(m Monoid[A]) func(Record[K, A]) A {
-	return G.FoldOrd[map[K]A](o)
+	return G.FoldOrd[Record[K, A]](o)
 }
 
 // FoldMapWithIndex maps and folds a record. Map the record passing each value to the iterating function. Then fold the results using the provided Monoid and the items in the provided order
-func FoldMapOrdWithIndex[K comparable, A, B any](o ord.Ord[K]) func(m Mo.Monoid[B]) func(func(K, A) B) func(map[K]A) B {
+func FoldMapOrdWithIndex[K comparable, A, B any](o ord.Ord[K]) func(m Monoid[B]) func(func(K, A) B) func(Record[K, A]) B {
-	return G.FoldMapOrdWithIndex[map[K]A, K, A, B](o)
+	return G.FoldMapOrdWithIndex[Record[K, A], K, A, B](o)
 }
 
 // KeysOrd returns the keys in the map in their given order
-func KeysOrd[V any, K comparable](o ord.Ord[K]) func(r map[K]V) []K {
+func KeysOrd[V any, K comparable](o ord.Ord[K]) func(r Record[K, V]) []K {
-	return G.KeysOrd[map[K]V, []K](o)
+	return G.KeysOrd[Record[K, V], []K](o)
 }
 
 // ValuesOrd returns the values in the map ordered by their keys in the given order
-func ValuesOrd[V any, K comparable](o ord.Ord[K]) func(r map[K]V) []V {
+func ValuesOrd[V any, K comparable](o ord.Ord[K]) func(r Record[K, V]) []V {
-	return G.ValuesOrd[map[K]V, []V](o)
+	return G.ValuesOrd[Record[K, V], []V](o)
 }
 
-func MonadFlap[B any, K comparable, A any](fab map[K]func(A) B, a A) map[K]B {
+// MonadFlap applies a value to a map of functions, producing a map of results
-	return G.MonadFlap[map[K]func(A) B, map[K]B](fab, a)
+func MonadFlap[B any, K comparable, A any](fab Record[K, func(A) B], a A) Record[K, B] {
+	return G.MonadFlap[Record[K, func(A) B], Record[K, B]](fab, a)
 }
 
-func Flap[B any, K comparable, A any](a A) func(map[K]func(A) B) map[K]B {
+// Flap returns a function that applies a value to a map of functions, producing a map of results
-	return G.Flap[map[K]func(A) B, map[K]B](a)
+func Flap[B any, K comparable, A any](a A) Operator[K, func(A) B, B] {
+	return G.Flap[Record[K, func(A) B], Record[K, B]](a)
 }
 
 // Copy creates a shallow copy of the map
-func Copy[K comparable, V any](m map[K]V) map[K]V {
+func Copy[K comparable, V any](m Record[K, V]) Record[K, V] {
 	return G.Copy(m)
 }
 
 // Clone creates a deep copy of the map using the provided endomorphism to clone the values
-func Clone[K comparable, V any](f EM.Endomorphism[V]) EM.Endomorphism[map[K]V] {
+func Clone[K comparable, V any](f Endomorphism[V]) Endomorphism[Record[K, V]] {
-	return G.Clone[map[K]V](f)
+	return G.Clone[Record[K, V]](f)
 }
 
 // FromFoldableMap converts from a reducer to a map
 // Duplicate keys are resolved by the provided [Mg.Magma]
 func FromFoldableMap[
-	FOLDABLE ~func(func(map[K]V, A) map[K]V, map[K]V) func(HKTA) map[K]V, // the reduce function
+	FOLDABLE ~func(func(Record[K, V], A) Record[K, V], Record[K, V]) func(HKTA) Record[K, V], // the reduce function
 	A any,
 	HKTA any,
 	K comparable,
-	V any](m Mg.Magma[V], red FOLDABLE) func(f func(A) T.Tuple2[K, V]) func(fa HKTA) map[K]V {
+	V any](m Mg.Magma[V], red FOLDABLE) func(f func(A) Entry[K, V]) Kleisli[K, HKTA, V] {
-	return G.FromFoldableMap[func(A) T.Tuple2[K, V]](m, red)
+	return G.FromFoldableMap[func(A) Entry[K, V]](m, red)
 }
 
 // FromArrayMap converts from an array to a map
@@ -312,17 +333,17 @@ func FromFoldableMap[
 func FromArrayMap[
 	A any,
 	K comparable,
-	V any](m Mg.Magma[V]) func(f func(A) T.Tuple2[K, V]) func(fa []A) map[K]V {
+	V any](m Mg.Magma[V]) func(f func(A) Entry[K, V]) Kleisli[K, []A, V] {
-	return G.FromArrayMap[func(A) T.Tuple2[K, V], []A, map[K]V](m)
+	return G.FromArrayMap[func(A) Entry[K, V], []A, Record[K, V]](m)
 }
 
 // FromFoldable converts from a reducer to a map
 // Duplicate keys are resolved by the provided [Mg.Magma]
 func FromFoldable[
 	HKTA any,
-	FOLDABLE ~func(func(map[K]V, T.Tuple2[K, V]) map[K]V, map[K]V) func(HKTA) map[K]V, // the reduce function
+	FOLDABLE ~func(func(Record[K, V], Entry[K, V]) Record[K, V], Record[K, V]) func(HKTA) Record[K, V], // the reduce function
 	K comparable,
-	V any](m Mg.Magma[V], red FOLDABLE) func(fa HKTA) map[K]V {
+	V any](m Mg.Magma[V], red FOLDABLE) Kleisli[K, HKTA, V] {
 	return G.FromFoldable(m, red)
 }
 
@@ -330,14 +351,21 @@ func FromFoldable[
 // Duplicate keys are resolved by the provided [Mg.Magma]
 func FromArray[
 	K comparable,
-	V any](m Mg.Magma[V]) func(fa []T.Tuple2[K, V]) map[K]V {
+	V any](m Mg.Magma[V]) Kleisli[K, Entries[K, V], V] {
-	return G.FromArray[[]T.Tuple2[K, V], map[K]V](m)
+	return G.FromArray[Entries[K, V], Record[K, V]](m)
 }
 
-func MonadAp[A any, K comparable, B any](m Mo.Monoid[map[K]B], fab map[K]func(A) B, fa map[K]A) map[K]B {
+// MonadAp applies a map of functions to a map of values, combining results using the provided Monoid
+func MonadAp[A any, K comparable, B any](m Monoid[Record[K, B]], fab Record[K, func(A) B], fa Record[K, A]) Record[K, B] {
 	return G.MonadAp(m, fab, fa)
 }
 
-func Ap[A any, K comparable, B any](m Mo.Monoid[map[K]B]) func(fa map[K]A) func(map[K]func(A) B) map[K]B {
+// Ap returns a function that applies a map of functions to a map of values, combining results using the provided Monoid
-	return G.Ap[map[K]B, map[K]func(A) B, map[K]A](m)
+func Ap[A any, K comparable, B any](m Monoid[Record[K, B]]) func(fa Record[K, A]) Operator[K, func(A) B, B] {
+	return G.Ap[Record[K, B], Record[K, func(A) B], Record[K, A]](m)
+}
+
+// Of creates a map with a single key-value pair
+func Of[K comparable, A any](k K, a A) Record[K, A] {
+	return Record[K, A]{k: a}
 }

v2/record/record_test.go

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/utils"
 	Mg "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/magma"
 	O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	P "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/pair"
 	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/string"
-	T "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/tuple"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ func TestFromArrayMap(t *testing.T) {
 	src1 := A.From("a", "b", "c", "a")
 	frm := FromArrayMap[string, string](Mg.Second[string]())
 
-	f := frm(T.Replicate2[string])
+	f := frm(P.Of[string])
 
 	res1 := f(src1)
 
@@ -198,3 +198,555 @@ func TestHas(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, Has("a", nonEmpty))
 	assert.False(t, Has("c", nonEmpty))
 }
+
+func TestCollect(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{
+		"a": 1,
+		"b": 2,
+		"c": 3,
+	}
+	collector := Collect(func(k string, v int) string {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s=%d", k, v)
+	})
+	result := collector(data)
+	sort.Strings(result)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"a=1", "b=2", "c=3"}, result)
+}
+
+func TestCollectOrd(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{
+		"c": 3,
+		"a": 1,
+		"b": 2,
+	}
+	collector := CollectOrd[int, string](S.Ord)(func(k string, v int) string {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s=%d", k, v)
+	})
+	result := collector(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"a=1", "b=2", "c=3"}, result)
+}
+
+func TestReduce(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{
+		"a": 1,
+		"b": 2,
+		"c": 3,
+	}
+	sum := Reduce[string](func(acc, v int) int {
+		return acc + v
+	}, 0)
+	result := sum(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, 6, result)
+}
+
+func TestReduceWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{
+		"a": 1,
+		"b": 2,
+		"c": 3,
+	}
+	concat := ReduceWithIndex(func(k string, acc string, v int) string {
+		if acc == "" {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", k, v)
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s,%s:%d", acc, k, v)
+	}, "")
+	result := concat(data)
+	// Result order is non-deterministic, so check it contains all parts
+	assert.Contains(t, result, "a:1")
+	assert.Contains(t, result, "b:2")
+	assert.Contains(t, result, "c:3")
+}
+
+func TestMonadMap(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{
+		"a": 1,
+		"b": 2,
+		"c": 3,
+	}
+	result := MonadMap(data, func(v int) int { return v * 2 })
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 2, "b": 4, "c": 6}, result)
+}
+
+func TestMonadMapWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{
+		"a": 1,
+		"b": 2,
+	}
+	result := MonadMapWithIndex(data, func(k string, v int) string {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s=%d", k, v)
+	})
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"a": "a=1", "b": "b=2"}, result)
+}
+
+func TestMapWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{
+		"a": 1,
+		"b": 2,
+	}
+	mapper := MapWithIndex(func(k string, v int) string {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s=%d", k, v)
+	})
+	result := mapper(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"a": "a=1", "b": "b=2"}, result)
+}
+
+func TestMonadLookup(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{
+		"a": 1,
+		"b": 2,
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, O.Some(1), MonadLookup(data, "a"))
+	assert.Equal(t, O.None[int](), MonadLookup(data, "c"))
+}
+
+func TestMerge(t *testing.T) {
+	left := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	right := map[string]int{"b": 3, "c": 4}
+	result := Merge(right)(left)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 3, "c": 4}, result)
+}
+
+func TestSize(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, Size(data))
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, Size(Empty[string, int]()))
+}
+
+func TestToArray(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	result := ToArray(data)
+	assert.Len(t, result, 2)
+	// Check both entries exist (order is non-deterministic)
+	found := make(map[string]int)
+	for _, entry := range result {
+		found[P.Head(entry)] = P.Tail(entry)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, data, found)
+}
+
+func TestToEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	result := ToEntries(data)
+	assert.Len(t, result, 2)
+}
+
+func TestFromEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	entries := Entries[string, int]{
+		P.MakePair("a", 1),
+		P.MakePair("b", 2),
+	}
+	result := FromEntries(entries)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}, result)
+}
+
+func TestUpsertAt(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	result := UpsertAt("c", 3)(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}, result)
+	// Original should be unchanged
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}, data)
+
+	// Update existing
+	result2 := UpsertAt("a", 10)(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 10, "b": 2}, result2)
+}
+
+func TestDeleteAt(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+	result := DeleteAt[string, int]("b")(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 1, "c": 3}, result)
+	// Original should be unchanged
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}, data)
+}
+
+func TestSingleton(t *testing.T) {
+	result := Singleton("key", 42)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"key": 42}, result)
+}
+
+func TestFilterMapWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+	filter := FilterMapWithIndex(func(k string, v int) O.Option[int] {
+		if v%2 == 0 {
+			return O.Some(v * 10)
+		}
+		return O.None[int]()
+	})
+	result := filter(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"b": 20}, result)
+}
+
+func TestFilterMap(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+	filter := FilterMap[string](func(v int) O.Option[int] {
+		if v%2 == 0 {
+			return O.Some(v * 10)
+		}
+		return O.None[int]()
+	})
+	result := filter(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"b": 20}, result)
+}
+
+func TestFilter(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+	filter := Filter[string, int](func(k string) bool {
+		return k != "b"
+	})
+	result := filter(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 1, "c": 3}, result)
+}
+
+func TestFilterWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+	filter := FilterWithIndex(func(k string, v int) bool {
+		return v%2 == 0
+	})
+	result := filter(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"b": 2}, result)
+}
+
+func TestIsNil(t *testing.T) {
+	var nilMap map[string]int
+	nonNilMap := map[string]int{}
+
+	assert.True(t, IsNil(nilMap))
+	assert.False(t, IsNil(nonNilMap))
+}
+
+func TestIsNonNil(t *testing.T) {
+	var nilMap map[string]int
+	nonNilMap := map[string]int{}
+
+	assert.False(t, IsNonNil(nilMap))
+	assert.True(t, IsNonNil(nonNilMap))
+}
+
+func TestConstNil(t *testing.T) {
+	result := ConstNil[string, int]()
+	assert.Nil(t, result)
+	assert.True(t, IsNil(result))
+}
+
+func TestMonadChain(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	monoid := MergeMonoid[string, int]()
+	result := MonadChain(monoid, data, func(v int) map[string]int {
+		return map[string]int{
+			fmt.Sprintf("x%d", v): v * 10,
+		}
+	})
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"x1": 10, "x2": 20}, result)
+}
+
+func TestChain(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	monoid := MergeMonoid[string, int]()
+	chain := Chain[int](monoid)(func(v int) map[string]int {
+		return map[string]int{
+			fmt.Sprintf("x%d", v): v * 10,
+		}
+	})
+	result := chain(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"x1": 10, "x2": 20}, result)
+}
+
+func TestFlatten(t *testing.T) {
+	nested := map[string]map[string]int{
+		"a": {"x": 1, "y": 2},
+		"b": {"z": 3},
+	}
+	monoid := MergeMonoid[string, int]()
+	flatten := Flatten(monoid)
+	result := flatten(nested)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"x": 1, "y": 2, "z": 3}, result)
+}
+
+func TestFoldMap(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+	// Use string monoid for simplicity
+	fold := FoldMap[string, int](S.Monoid)(func(v int) string {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d", v)
+	})
+	result := fold(data)
+	// Result contains all digits but order is non-deterministic
+	assert.Contains(t, result, "1")
+	assert.Contains(t, result, "2")
+	assert.Contains(t, result, "3")
+}
+
+func TestFold(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]string{"a": "A", "b": "B", "c": "C"}
+	fold := Fold[string](S.Monoid)
+	result := fold(data)
+	// Result contains all letters but order is non-deterministic
+	assert.Contains(t, result, "A")
+	assert.Contains(t, result, "B")
+	assert.Contains(t, result, "C")
+}
+
+func TestKeysOrd(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"c": 3, "a": 1, "b": 2}
+	keys := KeysOrd[int](S.Ord)(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"a", "b", "c"}, keys)
+}
+
+func TestMonadFlap(t *testing.T) {
+	fns := map[string]func(int) int{
+		"double": func(x int) int { return x * 2 },
+		"triple": func(x int) int { return x * 3 },
+	}
+	result := MonadFlap(fns, 5)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"double": 10, "triple": 15}, result)
+}
+
+func TestFlap(t *testing.T) {
+	fns := map[string]func(int) int{
+		"double": func(x int) int { return x * 2 },
+		"triple": func(x int) int { return x * 3 },
+	}
+	flap := Flap[int, string](5)
+	result := flap(fns)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"double": 10, "triple": 15}, result)
+}
+
+func TestFromArray(t *testing.T) {
+	entries := Entries[string, int]{
+		P.MakePair("a", 1),
+		P.MakePair("b", 2),
+		P.MakePair("a", 3), // Duplicate key
+	}
+	// Use Second magma to keep last value
+	from := FromArray[string](Mg.Second[int]())
+	result := from(entries)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 3, "b": 2}, result)
+}
+
+func TestMonadAp(t *testing.T) {
+	fns := map[string]func(int) int{
+		"double": func(x int) int { return x * 2 },
+	}
+	vals := map[string]int{
+		"double": 5,
+	}
+	monoid := MergeMonoid[string, int]()
+	result := MonadAp(monoid, fns, vals)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"double": 10}, result)
+}
+
+func TestAp(t *testing.T) {
+	fns := map[string]func(int) int{
+		"double": func(x int) int { return x * 2 },
+	}
+	vals := map[string]int{
+		"double": 5,
+	}
+	monoid := MergeMonoid[string, int]()
+	ap := Ap[int](monoid)(vals)
+	result := ap(fns)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"double": 10}, result)
+}
+
+func TestOf(t *testing.T) {
+	result := Of("key", 42)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"key": 42}, result)
+}
+
+func TestReduceRef(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+	sum := ReduceRef[string](func(acc int, v *int) int {
+		return acc + *v
+	}, 0)
+	result := sum(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, 6, result)
+}
+
+func TestReduceRefWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	concat := ReduceRefWithIndex(func(k string, acc string, v *int) string {
+		if acc == "" {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", k, *v)
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s,%s:%d", acc, k, *v)
+	}, "")
+	result := concat(data)
+	assert.Contains(t, result, "a:1")
+	assert.Contains(t, result, "b:2")
+}
+
+func TestMonadMapRef(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	result := MonadMapRef(data, func(v *int) int { return *v * 2 })
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 2, "b": 4}, result)
+}
+
+func TestMapRef(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	mapper := MapRef[string](func(v *int) int { return *v * 2 })
+	result := mapper(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 2, "b": 4}, result)
+}
+
+func TestMonadMapRefWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	result := MonadMapRefWithIndex(data, func(k string, v *int) string {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s=%d", k, *v)
+	})
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"a": "a=1", "b": "b=2"}, result)
+}
+
+func TestMapRefWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	mapper := MapRefWithIndex(func(k string, v *int) string {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s=%d", k, *v)
+	})
+	result := mapper(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"a": "a=1", "b": "b=2"}, result)
+}
+
+func TestUnion(t *testing.T) {
+	left := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	right := map[string]int{"b": 3, "c": 4}
+	// Union combines maps, with the magma resolving conflicts
+	// The order is union(left)(right), which means right is merged into left
+	// First magma keeps the first value (from right in this case)
+	union := Union[string](Mg.First[int]())
+	result := union(left)(right)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 3, "c": 4}, result)
+
+	// Second magma keeps the second value (from left in this case)
+	union2 := Union[string](Mg.Second[int]())
+	result2 := union2(left)(right)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 4}, result2)
+}
+
+func TestMonadChainWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	monoid := MergeMonoid[string, string]()
+	result := MonadChainWithIndex(monoid, data, func(k string, v int) map[string]string {
+		return map[string]string{
+			fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", k, v): fmt.Sprintf("val%d", v),
+		}
+	})
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"a1": "val1", "b2": "val2"}, result)
+}
+
+func TestChainWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	monoid := MergeMonoid[string, string]()
+	chain := ChainWithIndex[int](monoid)(func(k string, v int) map[string]string {
+		return map[string]string{
+			fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", k, v): fmt.Sprintf("val%d", v),
+		}
+	})
+	result := chain(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"a1": "val1", "b2": "val2"}, result)
+}
+
+func TestFilterChainWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	src := map[string]int{
+		"a": 1,
+		"b": 2,
+		"c": 3,
+	}
+
+	f := func(k string, value int) O.Option[map[string]string] {
+		if value%2 != 0 {
+			return O.Of(map[string]string{
+				k: fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", k, value),
+			})
+		}
+		return O.None[map[string]string]()
+	}
+
+	monoid := MergeMonoid[string, string]()
+	res := FilterChainWithIndex[int](monoid)(f)(src)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{
+		"a": "a1",
+		"c": "c3",
+	}, res)
+}
+
+func TestFoldMapWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+	fold := FoldMapWithIndex[string, int](S.Monoid)(func(k string, v int) string {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", k, v)
+	})
+	result := fold(data)
+	// Result contains all pairs but order is non-deterministic
+	assert.Contains(t, result, "a:1")
+	assert.Contains(t, result, "b:2")
+	assert.Contains(t, result, "c:3")
+}
+
+func TestReduceOrd(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"c": 3, "a": 1, "b": 2}
+	sum := ReduceOrd[int, int](S.Ord)(func(acc, v int) int {
+		return acc + v
+	}, 0)
+	result := sum(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, 6, result)
+}
+
+func TestReduceOrdWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"c": 3, "a": 1, "b": 2}
+	concat := ReduceOrdWithIndex[int, string](S.Ord)(func(k string, acc string, v int) string {
+		if acc == "" {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", k, v)
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s,%s:%d", acc, k, v)
+	}, "")
+	result := concat(data)
+	// With Ord, keys should be in order
+	assert.Equal(t, "a:1,b:2,c:3", result)
+}
+
+func TestFoldMapOrdWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]int{"c": 3, "a": 1, "b": 2}
+	fold := FoldMapOrdWithIndex[string, int, string](S.Ord)(S.Monoid)(func(k string, v int) string {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d,", k, v)
+	})
+	result := fold(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, "a:1,b:2,c:3,", result)
+}
+
+func TestFoldOrd(t *testing.T) {
+	data := map[string]string{"c": "C", "a": "A", "b": "B"}
+	fold := FoldOrd[string](S.Ord)(S.Monoid)
+	result := fold(data)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ABC", result)
+}
+
+func TestFromFoldableMap(t *testing.T) {
+	src := A.From("a", "b", "c", "a")
+	// Create a reducer function
+	reducer := A.Reduce[string, map[string]string]
+	from := FromFoldableMap(
+		Mg.Second[string](),
+		reducer,
+	)
+	f := from(P.Of[string])
+	result := f(src)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{
+		"a": "a",
+		"b": "b",
+		"c": "c",
+	}, result)
+}
+
+func TestFromFoldable(t *testing.T) {
+	entries := Entries[string, int]{
+		P.MakePair("a", 1),
+		P.MakePair("b", 2),
+		P.MakePair("a", 3), // Duplicate key
+	}
+	reducer := A.Reduce[Entry[string, int], map[string]int]
+	from := FromFoldable(
+		Mg.Second[int](),
+		reducer,
+	)
+	result := from(entries)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 3, "b": 2}, result)
+}

v2/record/semigroup.go

@@ -17,17 +17,98 @@ package record
 
 import (
 	G "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/record/generic"
-	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/semigroup"
 )
 
-func UnionSemigroup[K comparable, V any](s S.Semigroup[V]) S.Semigroup[map[K]V] {
+// UnionSemigroup creates a semigroup for maps that combines two maps using the provided
-	return G.UnionSemigroup[map[K]V](s)
+// semigroup for resolving conflicts when the same key exists in both maps.
+//
+// When concatenating two maps:
+//   - Keys that exist in only one map are included in the result
+//   - Keys that exist in both maps have their values combined using the provided semigroup
+//
+// This is useful when you want custom conflict resolution logic beyond simple "first wins"
+// or "last wins" semantics.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	// Create a semigroup that sums values for duplicate keys
+//	sumSemigroup := number.SemigroupSum[int]()
+//	mapSemigroup := UnionSemigroup[string, int](sumSemigroup)
+//
+//	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+//	map2 := map[string]int{"b": 3, "c": 4}
+//	result := mapSemigroup.Concat(map1, map2)
+//	// result: {"a": 1, "b": 5, "c": 4}  // b values are summed: 2 + 3 = 5
+//
+// Example with string concatenation:
+//
+//	stringSemigroup := string.Semigroup
+//	mapSemigroup := UnionSemigroup[string, string](stringSemigroup)
+//
+//	map1 := map[string]string{"a": "Hello", "b": "World"}
+//	map2 := map[string]string{"b": "!", "c": "Goodbye"}
+//	result := mapSemigroup.Concat(map1, map2)
+//	// result: {"a": "Hello", "b": "World!", "c": "Goodbye"}
+//
+//go:inline
+func UnionSemigroup[K comparable, V any](s Semigroup[V]) Semigroup[Record[K, V]] {
+	return G.UnionSemigroup[Record[K, V]](s)
 }
 
-func UnionLastSemigroup[K comparable, V any]() S.Semigroup[map[K]V] {
+// UnionLastSemigroup creates a semigroup for maps where the last (right) value wins
-	return G.UnionLastSemigroup[map[K]V]()
+// when the same key exists in both maps being concatenated.
+//
+// This is the most common conflict resolution strategy and is equivalent to using
+// the standard map merge operation where right-side values take precedence.
+//
+// When concatenating two maps:
+//   - Keys that exist in only one map are included in the result
+//   - Keys that exist in both maps take the value from the second (right) map
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	semigroup := UnionLastSemigroup[string, int]()
+//
+//	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+//	map2 := map[string]int{"b": 3, "c": 4}
+//	result := semigroup.Concat(map1, map2)
+//	// result: {"a": 1, "b": 3, "c": 4}  // b takes value from map2 (last wins)
+//
+// This is useful for:
+//   - Configuration overrides (later configs override earlier ones)
+//   - Applying updates to a base map
+//   - Merging user preferences where newer values should win
+//
+//go:inline
+func UnionLastSemigroup[K comparable, V any]() Semigroup[Record[K, V]] {
+	return G.UnionLastSemigroup[Record[K, V]]()
 }
 
-func UnionFirstSemigroup[K comparable, V any]() S.Semigroup[map[K]V] {
+// UnionFirstSemigroup creates a semigroup for maps where the first (left) value wins
-	return G.UnionFirstSemigroup[map[K]V]()
+// when the same key exists in both maps being concatenated.
+//
+// This is useful when you want to preserve original values and ignore updates for
+// keys that already exist.
+//
+// When concatenating two maps:
+//   - Keys that exist in only one map are included in the result
+//   - Keys that exist in both maps keep the value from the first (left) map
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	semigroup := UnionFirstSemigroup[string, int]()
+//
+//	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+//	map2 := map[string]int{"b": 3, "c": 4}
+//	result := semigroup.Concat(map1, map2)
+//	// result: {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 4}  // b keeps value from map1 (first wins)
+//
+// This is useful for:
+//   - Default values (defaults are set first, user values don't override)
+//   - Caching (first cached value is kept, subsequent updates ignored)
+//   - Immutable registries (first registration wins, duplicates are ignored)
+//
+//go:inline
+func UnionFirstSemigroup[K comparable, V any]() Semigroup[Record[K, V]] {
+	return G.UnionFirstSemigroup[Record[K, V]]()
 }

v2/record/semigroup_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package record
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	N "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/number"
+	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/string"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestUnionSemigroup(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with sum semigroup - values should be added for duplicate keys
+	sumSemigroup := N.SemigroupSum[int]()
+	mapSemigroup := UnionSemigroup[string](sumSemigroup)
+
+	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	map2 := map[string]int{"b": 3, "c": 4}
+	result := mapSemigroup.Concat(map1, map2)
+
+	expected := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 5, "c": 4}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestUnionSemigroupString(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with string semigroup - strings should be concatenated
+	stringSemigroup := S.Semigroup
+	mapSemigroup := UnionSemigroup[string](stringSemigroup)
+
+	map1 := map[string]string{"a": "Hello", "b": "World"}
+	map2 := map[string]string{"b": "!", "c": "Goodbye"}
+	result := mapSemigroup.Concat(map1, map2)
+
+	expected := map[string]string{"a": "Hello", "b": "World!", "c": "Goodbye"}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestUnionSemigroupProduct(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with product semigroup - values should be multiplied
+	prodSemigroup := N.SemigroupProduct[int]()
+	mapSemigroup := UnionSemigroup[string](prodSemigroup)
+
+	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 2, "b": 3}
+	map2 := map[string]int{"b": 4, "c": 5}
+	result := mapSemigroup.Concat(map1, map2)
+
+	expected := map[string]int{"a": 2, "b": 12, "c": 5}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestUnionSemigroupEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with empty maps
+	sumSemigroup := N.SemigroupSum[int]()
+	mapSemigroup := UnionSemigroup[string](sumSemigroup)
+
+	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1}
+	empty := map[string]int{}
+
+	result1 := mapSemigroup.Concat(map1, empty)
+	assert.Equal(t, map1, result1)
+
+	result2 := mapSemigroup.Concat(empty, map1)
+	assert.Equal(t, map1, result2)
+}
+
+func TestUnionLastSemigroup(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that last (right) value wins for duplicate keys
+	semigroup := UnionLastSemigroup[string, int]()
+
+	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	map2 := map[string]int{"b": 3, "c": 4}
+	result := semigroup.Concat(map1, map2)
+
+	expected := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 3, "c": 4}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestUnionLastSemigroupNoOverlap(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with no overlapping keys
+	semigroup := UnionLastSemigroup[string, int]()
+
+	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	map2 := map[string]int{"c": 3, "d": 4}
+	result := semigroup.Concat(map1, map2)
+
+	expected := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3, "d": 4}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestUnionLastSemigroupAllOverlap(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with all keys overlapping
+	semigroup := UnionLastSemigroup[string, int]()
+
+	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	map2 := map[string]int{"a": 10, "b": 20}
+	result := semigroup.Concat(map1, map2)
+
+	expected := map[string]int{"a": 10, "b": 20}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestUnionLastSemigroupEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with empty maps
+	semigroup := UnionLastSemigroup[string, int]()
+
+	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1}
+	empty := map[string]int{}
+
+	result1 := semigroup.Concat(map1, empty)
+	assert.Equal(t, map1, result1)
+
+	result2 := semigroup.Concat(empty, map1)
+	assert.Equal(t, map1, result2)
+}
+
+func TestUnionFirstSemigroup(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that first (left) value wins for duplicate keys
+	semigroup := UnionFirstSemigroup[string, int]()
+
+	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	map2 := map[string]int{"b": 3, "c": 4}
+	result := semigroup.Concat(map1, map2)
+
+	expected := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 4}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestUnionFirstSemigroupNoOverlap(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with no overlapping keys
+	semigroup := UnionFirstSemigroup[string, int]()
+
+	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	map2 := map[string]int{"c": 3, "d": 4}
+	result := semigroup.Concat(map1, map2)
+
+	expected := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3, "d": 4}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestUnionFirstSemigroupAllOverlap(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with all keys overlapping
+	semigroup := UnionFirstSemigroup[string, int]()
+
+	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	map2 := map[string]int{"a": 10, "b": 20}
+	result := semigroup.Concat(map1, map2)
+
+	expected := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
+
+func TestUnionFirstSemigroupEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with empty maps
+	semigroup := UnionFirstSemigroup[string, int]()
+
+	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1}
+	empty := map[string]int{}
+
+	result1 := semigroup.Concat(map1, empty)
+	assert.Equal(t, map1, result1)
+
+	result2 := semigroup.Concat(empty, map1)
+	assert.Equal(t, map1, result2)
+}
+
+// Test associativity law for UnionSemigroup
+func TestUnionSemigroupAssociativity(t *testing.T) {
+	sumSemigroup := N.SemigroupSum[int]()
+	mapSemigroup := UnionSemigroup[string](sumSemigroup)
+
+	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1}
+	map2 := map[string]int{"a": 2, "b": 3}
+	map3 := map[string]int{"b": 4, "c": 5}
+
+	// (map1 + map2) + map3
+	left := mapSemigroup.Concat(mapSemigroup.Concat(map1, map2), map3)
+	// map1 + (map2 + map3)
+	right := mapSemigroup.Concat(map1, mapSemigroup.Concat(map2, map3))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, left, right)
+}
+
+// Test associativity law for UnionLastSemigroup
+func TestUnionLastSemigroupAssociativity(t *testing.T) {
+	semigroup := UnionLastSemigroup[string, int]()
+
+	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1}
+	map2 := map[string]int{"a": 2, "b": 3}
+	map3 := map[string]int{"b": 4, "c": 5}
+
+	// (map1 + map2) + map3
+	left := semigroup.Concat(semigroup.Concat(map1, map2), map3)
+	// map1 + (map2 + map3)
+	right := semigroup.Concat(map1, semigroup.Concat(map2, map3))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, left, right)
+}
+
+// Test associativity law for UnionFirstSemigroup
+func TestUnionFirstSemigroupAssociativity(t *testing.T) {
+	semigroup := UnionFirstSemigroup[string, int]()
+
+	map1 := map[string]int{"a": 1}
+	map2 := map[string]int{"a": 2, "b": 3}
+	map3 := map[string]int{"b": 4, "c": 5}
+
+	// (map1 + map2) + map3
+	left := semigroup.Concat(semigroup.Concat(map1, map2), map3)
+	// map1 + (map2 + map3)
+	right := semigroup.Concat(map1, semigroup.Concat(map2, map3))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, left, right)
+}

v2/record/traverse.go

@@ -19,6 +19,36 @@ import (
 	G "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/record"
 )
 
+// TraverseWithIndex transforms a map of values into a value of a map by applying an effectful function
+// to each key-value pair. The function has access to both the key and value.
+//
+// This is useful when you need to perform an operation that may fail or have side effects on each
+// element of a map, and you want to collect the results in the same applicative context.
+//
+// Type parameters:
+//   - K: The key type (must be comparable)
+//   - A: The input value type
+//   - B: The output value type
+//   - HKTB: Higher-kinded type representing the effect containing B (e.g., Option[B], Either[E, B])
+//   - HKTAB: Higher-kinded type representing a function from B to map[K]B in the effect
+//   - HKTRB: Higher-kinded type representing the effect containing map[K]B
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - fof: Lifts a pure map[K]B into the effect (the "of" or "pure" function)
+//   - fmap: Maps a function over the effect (the "map" or "fmap" function)
+//   - fap: Applies an effectful function to an effectful value (the "ap" function)
+//   - f: The transformation function that takes a key and value and returns an effect
+//
+// Example with Option:
+//
+//	f := func(k string, n int) O.Option[int] {
+//	    if n > 0 {
+//	        return O.Some(n * 2)
+//	    }
+//	    return O.None[int]()
+//	}
+//	traverse := TraverseWithIndex(O.Of[map[string]int], O.Map[...], O.Ap[...], f)
+//	result := traverse(map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}) // O.Some(map[string]int{"a": 2, "b": 4})
 func TraverseWithIndex[K comparable, A, B, HKTB, HKTAB, HKTRB any](
 	fof func(map[K]B) HKTRB,
 	fmap func(func(map[K]B) func(B) map[K]B) func(HKTRB) HKTAB,
@@ -28,10 +58,36 @@ func TraverseWithIndex[K comparable, A, B, HKTB, HKTAB, HKTRB any](
 	return G.TraverseWithIndex[map[K]A](fof, fmap, fap, f)
 }
 
-// HKTA = HKT<A>
+// Traverse transforms a map of values into a value of a map by applying an effectful function
-// HKTB = HKT<B>
+// to each value. Unlike TraverseWithIndex, this function does not provide access to the keys.
-// HKTAB = HKT<func(A)B>
+//
-// HKTRB = HKT<map[K]B>
+// This is useful when you need to perform an operation that may fail or have side effects on each
+// element of a map, and you want to collect the results in the same applicative context.
+//
+// Type parameters:
+//   - K: The key type (must be comparable)
+//   - A: The input value type
+//   - B: The output value type
+//   - HKTB: Higher-kinded type representing the effect containing B (e.g., Option[B], Either[E, B])
+//   - HKTAB: Higher-kinded type representing a function from B to map[K]B in the effect
+//   - HKTRB: Higher-kinded type representing the effect containing map[K]B
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - fof: Lifts a pure map[K]B into the effect (the "of" or "pure" function)
+//   - fmap: Maps a function over the effect (the "map" or "fmap" function)
+//   - fap: Applies an effectful function to an effectful value (the "ap" function)
+//   - f: The transformation function that takes a value and returns an effect
+//
+// Example with Option:
+//
+//	f := func(s string) O.Option[string] {
+//	    if s != "" {
+//	        return O.Some(strings.ToUpper(s))
+//	    }
+//	    return O.None[string]()
+//	}
+//	traverse := Traverse(O.Of[map[string]string], O.Map[...], O.Ap[...], f)
+//	result := traverse(map[string]string{"a": "hello"}) // O.Some(map[string]string{"a": "HELLO"})
 func Traverse[K comparable, A, B, HKTB, HKTAB, HKTRB any](
 	fof func(map[K]B) HKTRB,
 	fmap func(func(map[K]B) func(B) map[K]B) func(HKTRB) HKTAB,
@@ -40,9 +96,39 @@ func Traverse[K comparable, A, B, HKTB, HKTAB, HKTRB any](
 	return G.Traverse[map[K]A](fof, fmap, fap, f)
 }
 
-// HKTA = HKT[A]
+// Sequence transforms a map of effects into an effect of a map.
-// HKTAA = HKT[func(A)map[K]A]
+// This is the dual of Traverse where the transformation function is the identity.
-// HKTRA = HKT[map[K]A]
+//
+// This is useful when you have a map where each value is already in an effect context
+// (like Option, Either, etc.) and you want to "flip" the nesting to get a single effect
+// containing a map of plain values.
+//
+// If any value in the map is a "failure" (e.g., None, Left), the entire result will be
+// a failure. If all values are "successes", the result will be a success containing a map
+// of all the unwrapped values.
+//
+// Type parameters:
+//   - K: The key type (must be comparable)
+//   - A: The value type inside the effect
+//   - HKTA: Higher-kinded type representing the effect containing A (e.g., Option[A])
+//   - HKTAA: Higher-kinded type representing a function from A to map[K]A in the effect
+//   - HKTRA: Higher-kinded type representing the effect containing map[K]A
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - fof: Lifts a pure map[K]A into the effect (the "of" or "pure" function)
+//   - fmap: Maps a function over the effect (the "map" or "fmap" function)
+//   - fap: Applies an effectful function to an effectful value (the "ap" function)
+//   - ma: The input map where each value is in an effect context
+//
+// Example with Option:
+//
+//	input := map[string]O.Option[int]{"a": O.Some(1), "b": O.Some(2)}
+//	result := Sequence(O.Of[map[string]int], O.Map[...], O.Ap[...], input)
+//	// result: O.Some(map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2})
+//
+//	input2 := map[string]O.Option[int]{"a": O.Some(1), "b": O.None[int]()}
+//	result2 := Sequence(O.Of[map[string]int], O.Map[...], O.Ap[...], input2)
+//	// result2: O.None[map[string]int]()
 func Sequence[K comparable, A, HKTA, HKTAA, HKTRA any](
 	fof func(map[K]A) HKTRA,
 	fmap func(func(map[K]A) func(A) map[K]A) func(HKTRA) HKTAA,

v2/record/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package record
+
+import (
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/endomorphism"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/monoid"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/pair"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/predicate"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/semigroup"
+)
+
+type (
+	Endomorphism[A any] = endomorphism.Endomorphism[A]
+	Monoid[A any]       = monoid.Monoid[A]
+	Semigroup[A any]    = semigroup.Semigroup[A]
+	Option[A any]       = option.Option[A]
+
+	// Record represents a map with comparable keys and values of any type.
+	// This is the primary data structure for the record package, providing
+	// functional operations over Go's native map type.
+	//
+	// Example:
+	//
+	//	type UserRecord = Record[string, User]
+	//	users := UserRecord{
+	//	    "alice": User{Name: "Alice", Age: 30},
+	//	    "bob":   User{Name: "Bob", Age: 25},
+	//	}
+	Record[K comparable, V any] = map[K]V
+
+	// Predicate is a function that tests whether a key satisfies a condition.
+	// Used in filtering operations to determine which entries to keep.
+	//
+	// Example:
+	//
+	//	isVowel := func(k string) bool {
+	//	    return strings.ContainsAny(k, "aeiou")
+	//	}
+	Predicate[K any] = predicate.Predicate[K]
+
+	// PredicateWithIndex is a function that tests whether a key-value pair satisfies a condition.
+	// Used in filtering operations that need access to both key and value.
+	//
+	// Example:
+	//
+	//	isAdult := func(name string, user User) bool {
+	//	    return user.Age >= 18
+	//	}
+	PredicateWithIndex[K comparable, V any] = func(K, V) bool
+
+	// Operator transforms a record from one value type to another while preserving keys.
+	// This is the fundamental transformation type for record operations.
+	//
+	// Example:
+	//
+	//	doubleValues := Map(func(x int) int { return x * 2 })
+	//	result := doubleValues(Record[string, int]{"a": 1, "b": 2})
+	//	// result: {"a": 2, "b": 4}
+	Operator[K comparable, V1, V2 any] = func(Record[K, V1]) Record[K, V2]
+
+	// OperatorWithIndex transforms a record using both key and value information.
+	// Useful when the transformation depends on the key.
+	//
+	// Example:
+	//
+	//	prefixWithKey := MapWithIndex(func(k string, v string) string {
+	//	    return k + ":" + v
+	//	})
+	OperatorWithIndex[K comparable, V1, V2 any] = func(func(K, V1) V2) Operator[K, V1, V2]
+
+	// Kleisli represents a monadic function that transforms a value into a record.
+	// Used in chain operations for composing record-producing functions.
+	//
+	// Example:
+	//
+	//	expand := func(x int) Record[string, int] {
+	//	    return Record[string, int]{
+	//	        "double": x * 2,
+	//	        "triple": x * 3,
+	//	    }
+	//	}
+	Kleisli[K comparable, V1, V2 any] = func(V1) Record[K, V2]
+
+	// KleisliWithIndex is a monadic function that uses both key and value to produce a record.
+	//
+	// Example:
+	//
+	//	expandWithKey := func(k string, v int) Record[string, int] {
+	//	    return Record[string, int]{
+	//	        k + "_double": v * 2,
+	//	        k + "_triple": v * 3,
+	//	    }
+	//	}
+	KleisliWithIndex[K comparable, V1, V2 any] = func(K, V1) Record[K, V2]
+
+	// Reducer accumulates values from a record into a single result.
+	// The function receives the accumulator and current value, returning the new accumulator.
+	//
+	// Example:
+	//
+	//	sum := Reduce(func(acc int, v int) int {
+	//	    return acc + v
+	//	}, 0)
+	Reducer[V, R any] = func(R, V) R
+
+	// ReducerWithIndex accumulates values using both key and value information.
+	//
+	// Example:
+	//
+	//	weightedSum := ReduceWithIndex(func(k string, acc int, v int) int {
+	//	    weight := len(k)
+	//	    return acc + (v * weight)
+	//	}, 0)
+	ReducerWithIndex[K comparable, V, R any] = func(K, R, V) R
+
+	// Collector transforms key-value pairs into a result type and collects them into an array.
+	//
+	// Example:
+	//
+	//	toStrings := Collect(func(k string, v int) string {
+	//	    return fmt.Sprintf("%s=%d", k, v)
+	//	})
+	Collector[K comparable, V, R any] = func(K, V) R
+
+	// Entry represents a single key-value pair from a record.
+	// This is an alias for Tuple2 to provide semantic clarity.
+	//
+	// Example:
+	//
+	//	entries := ToEntries(record)
+	//	for _, entry := range entries {
+	//	    key := entry.F1
+	//	    value := entry.F2
+	//	}
+	Entry[K comparable, V any] = pair.Pair[K, V]
+
+	// Entries is a slice of key-value pairs.
+	//
+	// Example:
+	//
+	//	entries := Entries[string, int]{
+	//	    T.MakeTuple2("a", 1),
+	//	    T.MakeTuple2("b", 2),
+	//	}
+	//	record := FromEntries(entries)
+	Entries[K comparable, V any] = []Entry[K, V]
+)