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fp-go/v2/context/statereaderioresult/doc.go
Dr. Carsten Leue cbd93fdecc fix: add statereaderioresult
Signed-off-by: Dr. Carsten Leue <carsten.leue@de.ibm.com>
2025-11-18 17:54:04 +01:00

148 lines
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Go

// Copyright (c) 2024 - 2025 IBM Corp.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// Package statereaderioresult provides a functional programming abstraction that combines
// four powerful concepts: State, Reader, IO, and Result monads, specialized for Go's context.Context.
//
// # StateReaderIOResult
//
// StateReaderIOResult[S, A] represents a computation that:
// - Manages state of type S (State)
// - Depends on a [context.Context] (Reader)
// - Performs side effects (IO)
// - Can fail with an [error] or succeed with a value of type A (Result)
//
// This is a specialization of StateReaderIOEither with:
// - Context type fixed to [context.Context]
// - Error type fixed to [error]
//
// This is particularly useful for:
// - Stateful computations with dependency injection using Go contexts
// - Error handling in effectful computations with state
// - Composing operations that need access to context, manage state, and can fail
// - Working with Go's standard context patterns (cancellation, deadlines, values)
//
// # Core Operations
//
// Construction:
// - Of/Right: Create a successful computation with a value
// - Left: Create a failed computation with an error
// - FromState: Lift a State into StateReaderIOResult
// - FromIO: Lift an IO into StateReaderIOResult
// - FromResult: Lift a Result into StateReaderIOResult
// - FromIOResult: Lift an IOResult into StateReaderIOResult
// - FromReaderIOResult: Lift a ReaderIOResult into StateReaderIOResult
//
// Transformation:
// - Map: Transform the success value
// - Chain: Sequence dependent computations (monadic bind)
// - Flatten: Flatten nested StateReaderIOResult
//
// Combination:
// - Ap: Apply a function in a context to a value in a context
//
// Context Access:
// - Asks: Get a value derived from the context
// - Local: Run a computation with a modified context
//
// Kleisli Arrows:
// - FromResultK: Lift a Result-returning function to a Kleisli arrow
// - FromIOK: Lift an IO-returning function to a Kleisli arrow
// - FromIOResultK: Lift an IOResult-returning function to a Kleisli arrow
// - FromReaderIOResultK: Lift a ReaderIOResult-returning function to a Kleisli arrow
// - ChainResultK: Chain with a Result-returning function
// - ChainIOResultK: Chain with an IOResult-returning function
// - ChainReaderIOResultK: Chain with a ReaderIOResult-returning function
//
// Do Notation (Monadic Composition):
// - Do: Start a do-notation chain
// - Bind: Bind a value from a computation
// - BindTo: Bind a value to a simple constructor
// - Let: Compute a derived value
// - LetTo: Set a constant value
// - ApS: Apply in sequence (for applicative composition)
// - BindL/ApSL/LetL/LetToL: Lens-based variants for working with nested structures
//
// # Example Usage
//
// type AppState struct {
// RequestCount int
// LastError error
// }
//
// // A computation that manages state, depends on context, performs IO, and can fail
// func processRequest(data string) statereaderioresult.StateReaderIOResult[AppState, string] {
// return func(state AppState) readerioresult.ReaderIOResult[pair.Pair[AppState, string]] {
// return func(ctx context.Context) ioresult.IOResult[pair.Pair[AppState, string]] {
// return func() result.Result[pair.Pair[AppState, string]] {
// // Check context for cancellation
// if ctx.Err() != nil {
// return result.Error[pair.Pair[AppState, string]](ctx.Err())
// }
// // Update state
// newState := AppState{RequestCount: state.RequestCount + 1}
// // Perform IO operations
// return result.Of(pair.MakePair(newState, "processed: " + data))
// }
// }
// }
// }
//
// // Compose operations using do-notation
// result := function.Pipe3(
// statereaderioresult.Do[AppState](State{}),
// statereaderioresult.Bind(
// func(result string) func(State) State { return func(s State) State { return State{result: result} } },
// func(s State) statereaderioresult.StateReaderIOResult[AppState, string] {
// return processRequest(s.input)
// },
// ),
// statereaderioresult.Map[AppState](func(s State) string { return s.result }),
// )
//
// // Execute with initial state and context
// initialState := AppState{RequestCount: 0}
// ctx := context.Background()
// outcome := result(initialState)(ctx)() // Returns result.Result[pair.Pair[AppState, string]]
//
// # Context Integration
//
// This package is designed to work seamlessly with Go's context.Context:
//
// // Using context values
// getUserID := statereaderioresult.Asks[AppState, string](func(ctx context.Context) statereaderioresult.StateReaderIOResult[AppState, string] {
// userID, ok := ctx.Value("userID").(string)
// if !ok {
// return statereaderioresult.Left[AppState, string](errors.New("missing userID"))
// }
// return statereaderioresult.Of[AppState](userID)
// })
//
// // Using context cancellation
// withTimeout := statereaderioresult.Local[AppState, string](func(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
// ctx, _ = context.WithTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second)
// return ctx
// })
//
// # Monad Laws
//
// StateReaderIOResult satisfies the monad laws:
// - Left Identity: Of(a) >>= f ≡ f(a)
// - Right Identity: m >>= Of ≡ m
// - Associativity: (m >>= f) >>= g ≡ m >>= (x => f(x) >>= g)
//
// These laws are verified in the testing subpackage.
package statereaderioresult