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mirror of https://github.com/raseels-repos/golang-saas-starter-kit.git synced 2025-06-19 00:27:42 +02:00

Imported github.com/ardanlabs/service as base example project

This commit is contained in:
Lee Brown
2019-05-16 10:39:25 -04:00
parent a5af03321d
commit e6453bae45
304 changed files with 51148 additions and 0 deletions

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
// Package cmpopts provides common options for the cmp package.
package cmpopts
import (
"math"
"reflect"
"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
)
func equateAlways(_, _ interface{}) bool { return true }
// EquateEmpty returns a Comparer option that determines all maps and slices
// with a length of zero to be equal, regardless of whether they are nil.
//
// EquateEmpty can be used in conjunction with SortSlices and SortMaps.
func EquateEmpty() cmp.Option {
return cmp.FilterValues(isEmpty, cmp.Comparer(equateAlways))
}
func isEmpty(x, y interface{}) bool {
vx, vy := reflect.ValueOf(x), reflect.ValueOf(y)
return (x != nil && y != nil && vx.Type() == vy.Type()) &&
(vx.Kind() == reflect.Slice || vx.Kind() == reflect.Map) &&
(vx.Len() == 0 && vy.Len() == 0)
}
// EquateApprox returns a Comparer option that determines float32 or float64
// values to be equal if they are within a relative fraction or absolute margin.
// This option is not used when either x or y is NaN or infinite.
//
// The fraction determines that the difference of two values must be within the
// smaller fraction of the two values, while the margin determines that the two
// values must be within some absolute margin.
// To express only a fraction or only a margin, use 0 for the other parameter.
// The fraction and margin must be non-negative.
//
// The mathematical expression used is equivalent to:
// |x-y| ≤ max(fraction*min(|x|, |y|), margin)
//
// EquateApprox can be used in conjunction with EquateNaNs.
func EquateApprox(fraction, margin float64) cmp.Option {
if margin < 0 || fraction < 0 || math.IsNaN(margin) || math.IsNaN(fraction) {
panic("margin or fraction must be a non-negative number")
}
a := approximator{fraction, margin}
return cmp.Options{
cmp.FilterValues(areRealF64s, cmp.Comparer(a.compareF64)),
cmp.FilterValues(areRealF32s, cmp.Comparer(a.compareF32)),
}
}
type approximator struct{ frac, marg float64 }
func areRealF64s(x, y float64) bool {
return !math.IsNaN(x) && !math.IsNaN(y) && !math.IsInf(x, 0) && !math.IsInf(y, 0)
}
func areRealF32s(x, y float32) bool {
return areRealF64s(float64(x), float64(y))
}
func (a approximator) compareF64(x, y float64) bool {
relMarg := a.frac * math.Min(math.Abs(x), math.Abs(y))
return math.Abs(x-y) <= math.Max(a.marg, relMarg)
}
func (a approximator) compareF32(x, y float32) bool {
return a.compareF64(float64(x), float64(y))
}
// EquateNaNs returns a Comparer option that determines float32 and float64
// NaN values to be equal.
//
// EquateNaNs can be used in conjunction with EquateApprox.
func EquateNaNs() cmp.Option {
return cmp.Options{
cmp.FilterValues(areNaNsF64s, cmp.Comparer(equateAlways)),
cmp.FilterValues(areNaNsF32s, cmp.Comparer(equateAlways)),
}
}
func areNaNsF64s(x, y float64) bool {
return math.IsNaN(x) && math.IsNaN(y)
}
func areNaNsF32s(x, y float32) bool {
return areNaNsF64s(float64(x), float64(y))
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
package cmpopts
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
"unicode"
"unicode/utf8"
"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
)
// IgnoreFields returns an Option that ignores exported fields of the
// given names on a single struct type.
// The struct type is specified by passing in a value of that type.
//
// The name may be a dot-delimited string (e.g., "Foo.Bar") to ignore a
// specific sub-field that is embedded or nested within the parent struct.
//
// This does not handle unexported fields; use IgnoreUnexported instead.
func IgnoreFields(typ interface{}, names ...string) cmp.Option {
sf := newStructFilter(typ, names...)
return cmp.FilterPath(sf.filter, cmp.Ignore())
}
// IgnoreTypes returns an Option that ignores all values assignable to
// certain types, which are specified by passing in a value of each type.
func IgnoreTypes(typs ...interface{}) cmp.Option {
tf := newTypeFilter(typs...)
return cmp.FilterPath(tf.filter, cmp.Ignore())
}
type typeFilter []reflect.Type
func newTypeFilter(typs ...interface{}) (tf typeFilter) {
for _, typ := range typs {
t := reflect.TypeOf(typ)
if t == nil {
// This occurs if someone tries to pass in sync.Locker(nil)
panic("cannot determine type; consider using IgnoreInterfaces")
}
tf = append(tf, t)
}
return tf
}
func (tf typeFilter) filter(p cmp.Path) bool {
if len(p) < 1 {
return false
}
t := p.Last().Type()
for _, ti := range tf {
if t.AssignableTo(ti) {
return true
}
}
return false
}
// IgnoreInterfaces returns an Option that ignores all values or references of
// values assignable to certain interface types. These interfaces are specified
// by passing in an anonymous struct with the interface types embedded in it.
// For example, to ignore sync.Locker, pass in struct{sync.Locker}{}.
func IgnoreInterfaces(ifaces interface{}) cmp.Option {
tf := newIfaceFilter(ifaces)
return cmp.FilterPath(tf.filter, cmp.Ignore())
}
type ifaceFilter []reflect.Type
func newIfaceFilter(ifaces interface{}) (tf ifaceFilter) {
t := reflect.TypeOf(ifaces)
if ifaces == nil || t.Name() != "" || t.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
panic("input must be an anonymous struct")
}
for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
fi := t.Field(i)
switch {
case !fi.Anonymous:
panic("struct cannot have named fields")
case fi.Type.Kind() != reflect.Interface:
panic("embedded field must be an interface type")
case fi.Type.NumMethod() == 0:
// This matches everything; why would you ever want this?
panic("cannot ignore empty interface")
default:
tf = append(tf, fi.Type)
}
}
return tf
}
func (tf ifaceFilter) filter(p cmp.Path) bool {
if len(p) < 1 {
return false
}
t := p.Last().Type()
for _, ti := range tf {
if t.AssignableTo(ti) {
return true
}
if t.Kind() != reflect.Ptr && reflect.PtrTo(t).AssignableTo(ti) {
return true
}
}
return false
}
// IgnoreUnexported returns an Option that only ignores the immediate unexported
// fields of a struct, including anonymous fields of unexported types.
// In particular, unexported fields within the struct's exported fields
// of struct types, including anonymous fields, will not be ignored unless the
// type of the field itself is also passed to IgnoreUnexported.
func IgnoreUnexported(typs ...interface{}) cmp.Option {
ux := newUnexportedFilter(typs...)
return cmp.FilterPath(ux.filter, cmp.Ignore())
}
type unexportedFilter struct{ m map[reflect.Type]bool }
func newUnexportedFilter(typs ...interface{}) unexportedFilter {
ux := unexportedFilter{m: make(map[reflect.Type]bool)}
for _, typ := range typs {
t := reflect.TypeOf(typ)
if t == nil || t.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid struct type: %T", typ))
}
ux.m[t] = true
}
return ux
}
func (xf unexportedFilter) filter(p cmp.Path) bool {
sf, ok := p.Index(-1).(cmp.StructField)
if !ok {
return false
}
return xf.m[p.Index(-2).Type()] && !isExported(sf.Name())
}
// isExported reports whether the identifier is exported.
func isExported(id string) bool {
r, _ := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(id)
return unicode.IsUpper(r)
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
package cmpopts
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/internal/function"
)
// SortSlices returns a Transformer option that sorts all []V.
// The less function must be of the form "func(T, T) bool" which is used to
// sort any slice with element type V that is assignable to T.
//
// The less function must be:
// • Deterministic: less(x, y) == less(x, y)
// • Irreflexive: !less(x, x)
// • Transitive: if !less(x, y) and !less(y, z), then !less(x, z)
//
// The less function does not have to be "total". That is, if !less(x, y) and
// !less(y, x) for two elements x and y, their relative order is maintained.
//
// SortSlices can be used in conjunction with EquateEmpty.
func SortSlices(less interface{}) cmp.Option {
vf := reflect.ValueOf(less)
if !function.IsType(vf.Type(), function.Less) || vf.IsNil() {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid less function: %T", less))
}
ss := sliceSorter{vf.Type().In(0), vf}
return cmp.FilterValues(ss.filter, cmp.Transformer("Sort", ss.sort))
}
type sliceSorter struct {
in reflect.Type // T
fnc reflect.Value // func(T, T) bool
}
func (ss sliceSorter) filter(x, y interface{}) bool {
vx, vy := reflect.ValueOf(x), reflect.ValueOf(y)
if !(x != nil && y != nil && vx.Type() == vy.Type()) ||
!(vx.Kind() == reflect.Slice && vx.Type().Elem().AssignableTo(ss.in)) ||
(vx.Len() <= 1 && vy.Len() <= 1) {
return false
}
// Check whether the slices are already sorted to avoid an infinite
// recursion cycle applying the same transform to itself.
ok1 := sliceIsSorted(x, func(i, j int) bool { return ss.less(vx, i, j) })
ok2 := sliceIsSorted(y, func(i, j int) bool { return ss.less(vy, i, j) })
return !ok1 || !ok2
}
func (ss sliceSorter) sort(x interface{}) interface{} {
src := reflect.ValueOf(x)
dst := reflect.MakeSlice(src.Type(), src.Len(), src.Len())
for i := 0; i < src.Len(); i++ {
dst.Index(i).Set(src.Index(i))
}
sortSliceStable(dst.Interface(), func(i, j int) bool { return ss.less(dst, i, j) })
ss.checkSort(dst)
return dst.Interface()
}
func (ss sliceSorter) checkSort(v reflect.Value) {
start := -1 // Start of a sequence of equal elements.
for i := 1; i < v.Len(); i++ {
if ss.less(v, i-1, i) {
// Check that first and last elements in v[start:i] are equal.
if start >= 0 && (ss.less(v, start, i-1) || ss.less(v, i-1, start)) {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("incomparable values detected: want equal elements: %v", v.Slice(start, i)))
}
start = -1
} else if start == -1 {
start = i
}
}
}
func (ss sliceSorter) less(v reflect.Value, i, j int) bool {
vx, vy := v.Index(i), v.Index(j)
return ss.fnc.Call([]reflect.Value{vx, vy})[0].Bool()
}
// SortMaps returns a Transformer option that flattens map[K]V types to be a
// sorted []struct{K, V}. The less function must be of the form
// "func(T, T) bool" which is used to sort any map with key K that is
// assignable to T.
//
// Flattening the map into a slice has the property that cmp.Equal is able to
// use Comparers on K or the K.Equal method if it exists.
//
// The less function must be:
// • Deterministic: less(x, y) == less(x, y)
// • Irreflexive: !less(x, x)
// • Transitive: if !less(x, y) and !less(y, z), then !less(x, z)
// • Total: if x != y, then either less(x, y) or less(y, x)
//
// SortMaps can be used in conjunction with EquateEmpty.
func SortMaps(less interface{}) cmp.Option {
vf := reflect.ValueOf(less)
if !function.IsType(vf.Type(), function.Less) || vf.IsNil() {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid less function: %T", less))
}
ms := mapSorter{vf.Type().In(0), vf}
return cmp.FilterValues(ms.filter, cmp.Transformer("Sort", ms.sort))
}
type mapSorter struct {
in reflect.Type // T
fnc reflect.Value // func(T, T) bool
}
func (ms mapSorter) filter(x, y interface{}) bool {
vx, vy := reflect.ValueOf(x), reflect.ValueOf(y)
return (x != nil && y != nil && vx.Type() == vy.Type()) &&
(vx.Kind() == reflect.Map && vx.Type().Key().AssignableTo(ms.in)) &&
(vx.Len() != 0 || vy.Len() != 0)
}
func (ms mapSorter) sort(x interface{}) interface{} {
src := reflect.ValueOf(x)
outType := mapEntryType(src.Type())
dst := reflect.MakeSlice(reflect.SliceOf(outType), src.Len(), src.Len())
for i, k := range src.MapKeys() {
v := reflect.New(outType).Elem()
v.Field(0).Set(k)
v.Field(1).Set(src.MapIndex(k))
dst.Index(i).Set(v)
}
sortSlice(dst.Interface(), func(i, j int) bool { return ms.less(dst, i, j) })
ms.checkSort(dst)
return dst.Interface()
}
func (ms mapSorter) checkSort(v reflect.Value) {
for i := 1; i < v.Len(); i++ {
if !ms.less(v, i-1, i) {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("partial order detected: want %v < %v", v.Index(i-1), v.Index(i)))
}
}
}
func (ms mapSorter) less(v reflect.Value, i, j int) bool {
vx, vy := v.Index(i).Field(0), v.Index(j).Field(0)
if !hasReflectStructOf {
vx, vy = vx.Elem(), vy.Elem()
}
return ms.fnc.Call([]reflect.Value{vx, vy})[0].Bool()
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
// +build !go1.8
package cmpopts
import (
"reflect"
"sort"
)
const hasReflectStructOf = false
func mapEntryType(reflect.Type) reflect.Type {
return reflect.TypeOf(struct{ K, V interface{} }{})
}
func sliceIsSorted(slice interface{}, less func(i, j int) bool) bool {
return sort.IsSorted(reflectSliceSorter{reflect.ValueOf(slice), less})
}
func sortSlice(slice interface{}, less func(i, j int) bool) {
sort.Sort(reflectSliceSorter{reflect.ValueOf(slice), less})
}
func sortSliceStable(slice interface{}, less func(i, j int) bool) {
sort.Stable(reflectSliceSorter{reflect.ValueOf(slice), less})
}
type reflectSliceSorter struct {
slice reflect.Value
less func(i, j int) bool
}
func (ss reflectSliceSorter) Len() int {
return ss.slice.Len()
}
func (ss reflectSliceSorter) Less(i, j int) bool {
return ss.less(i, j)
}
func (ss reflectSliceSorter) Swap(i, j int) {
vi := ss.slice.Index(i).Interface()
vj := ss.slice.Index(j).Interface()
ss.slice.Index(i).Set(reflect.ValueOf(vj))
ss.slice.Index(j).Set(reflect.ValueOf(vi))
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
// +build go1.8
package cmpopts
import (
"reflect"
"sort"
)
const hasReflectStructOf = true
func mapEntryType(t reflect.Type) reflect.Type {
return reflect.StructOf([]reflect.StructField{
{Name: "K", Type: t.Key()},
{Name: "V", Type: t.Elem()},
})
}
func sliceIsSorted(slice interface{}, less func(i, j int) bool) bool {
return sort.SliceIsSorted(slice, less)
}
func sortSlice(slice interface{}, less func(i, j int) bool) {
sort.Slice(slice, less)
}
func sortSliceStable(slice interface{}, less func(i, j int) bool) {
sort.SliceStable(slice, less)
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
package cmpopts
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
"strings"
"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
)
// filterField returns a new Option where opt is only evaluated on paths that
// include a specific exported field on a single struct type.
// The struct type is specified by passing in a value of that type.
//
// The name may be a dot-delimited string (e.g., "Foo.Bar") to select a
// specific sub-field that is embedded or nested within the parent struct.
func filterField(typ interface{}, name string, opt cmp.Option) cmp.Option {
// TODO: This is currently unexported over concerns of how helper filters
// can be composed together easily.
// TODO: Add tests for FilterField.
sf := newStructFilter(typ, name)
return cmp.FilterPath(sf.filter, opt)
}
type structFilter struct {
t reflect.Type // The root struct type to match on
ft fieldTree // Tree of fields to match on
}
func newStructFilter(typ interface{}, names ...string) structFilter {
// TODO: Perhaps allow * as a special identifier to allow ignoring any
// number of path steps until the next field match?
// This could be useful when a concrete struct gets transformed into
// an anonymous struct where it is not possible to specify that by type,
// but the transformer happens to provide guarantees about the names of
// the transformed fields.
t := reflect.TypeOf(typ)
if t == nil || t.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("%T must be a struct", typ))
}
var ft fieldTree
for _, name := range names {
cname, err := canonicalName(t, name)
if err != nil {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v", strings.Join(cname, "."), err))
}
ft.insert(cname)
}
return structFilter{t, ft}
}
func (sf structFilter) filter(p cmp.Path) bool {
for i, ps := range p {
if ps.Type().AssignableTo(sf.t) && sf.ft.matchPrefix(p[i+1:]) {
return true
}
}
return false
}
// fieldTree represents a set of dot-separated identifiers.
//
// For example, inserting the following selectors:
// Foo
// Foo.Bar.Baz
// Foo.Buzz
// Nuka.Cola.Quantum
//
// Results in a tree of the form:
// {sub: {
// "Foo": {ok: true, sub: {
// "Bar": {sub: {
// "Baz": {ok: true},
// }},
// "Buzz": {ok: true},
// }},
// "Nuka": {sub: {
// "Cola": {sub: {
// "Quantum": {ok: true},
// }},
// }},
// }}
type fieldTree struct {
ok bool // Whether this is a specified node
sub map[string]fieldTree // The sub-tree of fields under this node
}
// insert inserts a sequence of field accesses into the tree.
func (ft *fieldTree) insert(cname []string) {
if ft.sub == nil {
ft.sub = make(map[string]fieldTree)
}
if len(cname) == 0 {
ft.ok = true
return
}
sub := ft.sub[cname[0]]
sub.insert(cname[1:])
ft.sub[cname[0]] = sub
}
// matchPrefix reports whether any selector in the fieldTree matches
// the start of path p.
func (ft fieldTree) matchPrefix(p cmp.Path) bool {
for _, ps := range p {
switch ps := ps.(type) {
case cmp.StructField:
ft = ft.sub[ps.Name()]
if ft.ok {
return true
}
if len(ft.sub) == 0 {
return false
}
case cmp.Indirect:
default:
return false
}
}
return false
}
// canonicalName returns a list of identifiers where any struct field access
// through an embedded field is expanded to include the names of the embedded
// types themselves.
//
// For example, suppose field "Foo" is not directly in the parent struct,
// but actually from an embedded struct of type "Bar". Then, the canonical name
// of "Foo" is actually "Bar.Foo".
//
// Suppose field "Foo" is not directly in the parent struct, but actually
// a field in two different embedded structs of types "Bar" and "Baz".
// Then the selector "Foo" causes a panic since it is ambiguous which one it
// refers to. The user must specify either "Bar.Foo" or "Baz.Foo".
func canonicalName(t reflect.Type, sel string) ([]string, error) {
var name string
sel = strings.TrimPrefix(sel, ".")
if sel == "" {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("name must not be empty")
}
if i := strings.IndexByte(sel, '.'); i < 0 {
name, sel = sel, ""
} else {
name, sel = sel[:i], sel[i:]
}
// Type must be a struct or pointer to struct.
if t.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
t = t.Elem()
}
if t.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v must be a struct", t)
}
// Find the canonical name for this current field name.
// If the field exists in an embedded struct, then it will be expanded.
if !isExported(name) {
// Disallow unexported fields:
// * To discourage people from actually touching unexported fields
// * FieldByName is buggy (https://golang.org/issue/4876)
return []string{name}, fmt.Errorf("name must be exported")
}
sf, ok := t.FieldByName(name)
if !ok {
return []string{name}, fmt.Errorf("does not exist")
}
var ss []string
for i := range sf.Index {
ss = append(ss, t.FieldByIndex(sf.Index[:i+1]).Name)
}
if sel == "" {
return ss, nil
}
ssPost, err := canonicalName(sf.Type, sel)
return append(ss, ssPost...), err
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
// Package cmp determines equality of values.
//
// This package is intended to be a more powerful and safer alternative to
// reflect.DeepEqual for comparing whether two values are semantically equal.
//
// The primary features of cmp are:
//
// • When the default behavior of equality does not suit the needs of the test,
// custom equality functions can override the equality operation.
// For example, an equality function may report floats as equal so long as they
// are within some tolerance of each other.
//
// • Types that have an Equal method may use that method to determine equality.
// This allows package authors to determine the equality operation for the types
// that they define.
//
// • If no custom equality functions are used and no Equal method is defined,
// equality is determined by recursively comparing the primitive kinds on both
// values, much like reflect.DeepEqual. Unlike reflect.DeepEqual, unexported
// fields are not compared by default; they result in panics unless suppressed
// by using an Ignore option (see cmpopts.IgnoreUnexported) or explicitly compared
// using the AllowUnexported option.
package cmp
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/internal/diff"
"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/internal/function"
"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/internal/value"
)
// BUG(dsnet): Maps with keys containing NaN values cannot be properly compared due to
// the reflection package's inability to retrieve such entries. Equal will panic
// anytime it comes across a NaN key, but this behavior may change.
//
// See https://golang.org/issue/11104 for more details.
var nothing = reflect.Value{}
// Equal reports whether x and y are equal by recursively applying the
// following rules in the given order to x and y and all of their sub-values:
//
// • If two values are not of the same type, then they are never equal
// and the overall result is false.
//
// • Let S be the set of all Ignore, Transformer, and Comparer options that
// remain after applying all path filters, value filters, and type filters.
// If at least one Ignore exists in S, then the comparison is ignored.
// If the number of Transformer and Comparer options in S is greater than one,
// then Equal panics because it is ambiguous which option to use.
// If S contains a single Transformer, then use that to transform the current
// values and recursively call Equal on the output values.
// If S contains a single Comparer, then use that to compare the current values.
// Otherwise, evaluation proceeds to the next rule.
//
// • If the values have an Equal method of the form "(T) Equal(T) bool" or
// "(T) Equal(I) bool" where T is assignable to I, then use the result of
// x.Equal(y) even if x or y is nil.
// Otherwise, no such method exists and evaluation proceeds to the next rule.
//
// • Lastly, try to compare x and y based on their basic kinds.
// Simple kinds like booleans, integers, floats, complex numbers, strings, and
// channels are compared using the equivalent of the == operator in Go.
// Functions are only equal if they are both nil, otherwise they are unequal.
// Pointers are equal if the underlying values they point to are also equal.
// Interfaces are equal if their underlying concrete values are also equal.
//
// Structs are equal if all of their fields are equal. If a struct contains
// unexported fields, Equal panics unless the AllowUnexported option is used or
// an Ignore option (e.g., cmpopts.IgnoreUnexported) ignores that field.
//
// Arrays, slices, and maps are equal if they are both nil or both non-nil
// with the same length and the elements at each index or key are equal.
// Note that a non-nil empty slice and a nil slice are not equal.
// To equate empty slices and maps, consider using cmpopts.EquateEmpty.
// Map keys are equal according to the == operator.
// To use custom comparisons for map keys, consider using cmpopts.SortMaps.
func Equal(x, y interface{}, opts ...Option) bool {
s := newState(opts)
s.compareAny(reflect.ValueOf(x), reflect.ValueOf(y))
return s.result.Equal()
}
// Diff returns a human-readable report of the differences between two values.
// It returns an empty string if and only if Equal returns true for the same
// input values and options. The output string will use the "-" symbol to
// indicate elements removed from x, and the "+" symbol to indicate elements
// added to y.
//
// Do not depend on this output being stable.
func Diff(x, y interface{}, opts ...Option) string {
r := new(defaultReporter)
opts = Options{Options(opts), r}
eq := Equal(x, y, opts...)
d := r.String()
if (d == "") != eq {
panic("inconsistent difference and equality results")
}
return d
}
type state struct {
// These fields represent the "comparison state".
// Calling statelessCompare must not result in observable changes to these.
result diff.Result // The current result of comparison
curPath Path // The current path in the value tree
reporter reporter // Optional reporter used for difference formatting
// dynChecker triggers pseudo-random checks for option correctness.
// It is safe for statelessCompare to mutate this value.
dynChecker dynChecker
// These fields, once set by processOption, will not change.
exporters map[reflect.Type]bool // Set of structs with unexported field visibility
opts Options // List of all fundamental and filter options
}
func newState(opts []Option) *state {
s := new(state)
for _, opt := range opts {
s.processOption(opt)
}
return s
}
func (s *state) processOption(opt Option) {
switch opt := opt.(type) {
case nil:
case Options:
for _, o := range opt {
s.processOption(o)
}
case coreOption:
type filtered interface {
isFiltered() bool
}
if fopt, ok := opt.(filtered); ok && !fopt.isFiltered() {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("cannot use an unfiltered option: %v", opt))
}
s.opts = append(s.opts, opt)
case visibleStructs:
if s.exporters == nil {
s.exporters = make(map[reflect.Type]bool)
}
for t := range opt {
s.exporters[t] = true
}
case reporter:
if s.reporter != nil {
panic("difference reporter already registered")
}
s.reporter = opt
default:
panic(fmt.Sprintf("unknown option %T", opt))
}
}
// statelessCompare compares two values and returns the result.
// This function is stateless in that it does not alter the current result,
// or output to any registered reporters.
func (s *state) statelessCompare(vx, vy reflect.Value) diff.Result {
// We do not save and restore the curPath because all of the compareX
// methods should properly push and pop from the path.
// It is an implementation bug if the contents of curPath differs from
// when calling this function to when returning from it.
oldResult, oldReporter := s.result, s.reporter
s.result = diff.Result{} // Reset result
s.reporter = nil // Remove reporter to avoid spurious printouts
s.compareAny(vx, vy)
res := s.result
s.result, s.reporter = oldResult, oldReporter
return res
}
func (s *state) compareAny(vx, vy reflect.Value) {
// TODO: Support cyclic data structures.
// Rule 0: Differing types are never equal.
if !vx.IsValid() || !vy.IsValid() {
s.report(vx.IsValid() == vy.IsValid(), vx, vy)
return
}
if vx.Type() != vy.Type() {
s.report(false, vx, vy) // Possible for path to be empty
return
}
t := vx.Type()
if len(s.curPath) == 0 {
s.curPath.push(&pathStep{typ: t})
defer s.curPath.pop()
}
vx, vy = s.tryExporting(vx, vy)
// Rule 1: Check whether an option applies on this node in the value tree.
if s.tryOptions(vx, vy, t) {
return
}
// Rule 2: Check whether the type has a valid Equal method.
if s.tryMethod(vx, vy, t) {
return
}
// Rule 3: Recursively descend into each value's underlying kind.
switch t.Kind() {
case reflect.Bool:
s.report(vx.Bool() == vy.Bool(), vx, vy)
return
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
s.report(vx.Int() == vy.Int(), vx, vy)
return
case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
s.report(vx.Uint() == vy.Uint(), vx, vy)
return
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
s.report(vx.Float() == vy.Float(), vx, vy)
return
case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
s.report(vx.Complex() == vy.Complex(), vx, vy)
return
case reflect.String:
s.report(vx.String() == vy.String(), vx, vy)
return
case reflect.Chan, reflect.UnsafePointer:
s.report(vx.Pointer() == vy.Pointer(), vx, vy)
return
case reflect.Func:
s.report(vx.IsNil() && vy.IsNil(), vx, vy)
return
case reflect.Ptr:
if vx.IsNil() || vy.IsNil() {
s.report(vx.IsNil() && vy.IsNil(), vx, vy)
return
}
s.curPath.push(&indirect{pathStep{t.Elem()}})
defer s.curPath.pop()
s.compareAny(vx.Elem(), vy.Elem())
return
case reflect.Interface:
if vx.IsNil() || vy.IsNil() {
s.report(vx.IsNil() && vy.IsNil(), vx, vy)
return
}
if vx.Elem().Type() != vy.Elem().Type() {
s.report(false, vx.Elem(), vy.Elem())
return
}
s.curPath.push(&typeAssertion{pathStep{vx.Elem().Type()}})
defer s.curPath.pop()
s.compareAny(vx.Elem(), vy.Elem())
return
case reflect.Slice:
if vx.IsNil() || vy.IsNil() {
s.report(vx.IsNil() && vy.IsNil(), vx, vy)
return
}
fallthrough
case reflect.Array:
s.compareArray(vx, vy, t)
return
case reflect.Map:
s.compareMap(vx, vy, t)
return
case reflect.Struct:
s.compareStruct(vx, vy, t)
return
default:
panic(fmt.Sprintf("%v kind not handled", t.Kind()))
}
}
func (s *state) tryExporting(vx, vy reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, reflect.Value) {
if sf, ok := s.curPath[len(s.curPath)-1].(*structField); ok && sf.unexported {
if sf.force {
// Use unsafe pointer arithmetic to get read-write access to an
// unexported field in the struct.
vx = unsafeRetrieveField(sf.pvx, sf.field)
vy = unsafeRetrieveField(sf.pvy, sf.field)
} else {
// We are not allowed to export the value, so invalidate them
// so that tryOptions can panic later if not explicitly ignored.
vx = nothing
vy = nothing
}
}
return vx, vy
}
func (s *state) tryOptions(vx, vy reflect.Value, t reflect.Type) bool {
// If there were no FilterValues, we will not detect invalid inputs,
// so manually check for them and append invalid if necessary.
// We still evaluate the options since an ignore can override invalid.
opts := s.opts
if !vx.IsValid() || !vy.IsValid() {
opts = Options{opts, invalid{}}
}
// Evaluate all filters and apply the remaining options.
if opt := opts.filter(s, vx, vy, t); opt != nil {
opt.apply(s, vx, vy)
return true
}
return false
}
func (s *state) tryMethod(vx, vy reflect.Value, t reflect.Type) bool {
// Check if this type even has an Equal method.
m, ok := t.MethodByName("Equal")
if !ok || !function.IsType(m.Type, function.EqualAssignable) {
return false
}
eq := s.callTTBFunc(m.Func, vx, vy)
s.report(eq, vx, vy)
return true
}
func (s *state) callTRFunc(f, v reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
v = sanitizeValue(v, f.Type().In(0))
if !s.dynChecker.Next() {
return f.Call([]reflect.Value{v})[0]
}
// Run the function twice and ensure that we get the same results back.
// We run in goroutines so that the race detector (if enabled) can detect
// unsafe mutations to the input.
c := make(chan reflect.Value)
go detectRaces(c, f, v)
want := f.Call([]reflect.Value{v})[0]
if got := <-c; !s.statelessCompare(got, want).Equal() {
// To avoid false-positives with non-reflexive equality operations,
// we sanity check whether a value is equal to itself.
if !s.statelessCompare(want, want).Equal() {
return want
}
fn := getFuncName(f.Pointer())
panic(fmt.Sprintf("non-deterministic function detected: %s", fn))
}
return want
}
func (s *state) callTTBFunc(f, x, y reflect.Value) bool {
x = sanitizeValue(x, f.Type().In(0))
y = sanitizeValue(y, f.Type().In(1))
if !s.dynChecker.Next() {
return f.Call([]reflect.Value{x, y})[0].Bool()
}
// Swapping the input arguments is sufficient to check that
// f is symmetric and deterministic.
// We run in goroutines so that the race detector (if enabled) can detect
// unsafe mutations to the input.
c := make(chan reflect.Value)
go detectRaces(c, f, y, x)
want := f.Call([]reflect.Value{x, y})[0].Bool()
if got := <-c; !got.IsValid() || got.Bool() != want {
fn := getFuncName(f.Pointer())
panic(fmt.Sprintf("non-deterministic or non-symmetric function detected: %s", fn))
}
return want
}
func detectRaces(c chan<- reflect.Value, f reflect.Value, vs ...reflect.Value) {
var ret reflect.Value
defer func() {
recover() // Ignore panics, let the other call to f panic instead
c <- ret
}()
ret = f.Call(vs)[0]
}
// sanitizeValue converts nil interfaces of type T to those of type R,
// assuming that T is assignable to R.
// Otherwise, it returns the input value as is.
func sanitizeValue(v reflect.Value, t reflect.Type) reflect.Value {
// TODO(dsnet): Remove this hacky workaround.
// See https://golang.org/issue/22143
if v.Kind() == reflect.Interface && v.IsNil() && v.Type() != t {
return reflect.New(t).Elem()
}
return v
}
func (s *state) compareArray(vx, vy reflect.Value, t reflect.Type) {
step := &sliceIndex{pathStep{t.Elem()}, 0, 0}
s.curPath.push(step)
// Compute an edit-script for slices vx and vy.
es := diff.Difference(vx.Len(), vy.Len(), func(ix, iy int) diff.Result {
step.xkey, step.ykey = ix, iy
return s.statelessCompare(vx.Index(ix), vy.Index(iy))
})
// Report the entire slice as is if the arrays are of primitive kind,
// and the arrays are different enough.
isPrimitive := false
switch t.Elem().Kind() {
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64,
reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr,
reflect.Bool, reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64, reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
isPrimitive = true
}
if isPrimitive && es.Dist() > (vx.Len()+vy.Len())/4 {
s.curPath.pop() // Pop first since we are reporting the whole slice
s.report(false, vx, vy)
return
}
// Replay the edit-script.
var ix, iy int
for _, e := range es {
switch e {
case diff.UniqueX:
step.xkey, step.ykey = ix, -1
s.report(false, vx.Index(ix), nothing)
ix++
case diff.UniqueY:
step.xkey, step.ykey = -1, iy
s.report(false, nothing, vy.Index(iy))
iy++
default:
step.xkey, step.ykey = ix, iy
if e == diff.Identity {
s.report(true, vx.Index(ix), vy.Index(iy))
} else {
s.compareAny(vx.Index(ix), vy.Index(iy))
}
ix++
iy++
}
}
s.curPath.pop()
return
}
func (s *state) compareMap(vx, vy reflect.Value, t reflect.Type) {
if vx.IsNil() || vy.IsNil() {
s.report(vx.IsNil() && vy.IsNil(), vx, vy)
return
}
// We combine and sort the two map keys so that we can perform the
// comparisons in a deterministic order.
step := &mapIndex{pathStep: pathStep{t.Elem()}}
s.curPath.push(step)
defer s.curPath.pop()
for _, k := range value.SortKeys(append(vx.MapKeys(), vy.MapKeys()...)) {
step.key = k
vvx := vx.MapIndex(k)
vvy := vy.MapIndex(k)
switch {
case vvx.IsValid() && vvy.IsValid():
s.compareAny(vvx, vvy)
case vvx.IsValid() && !vvy.IsValid():
s.report(false, vvx, nothing)
case !vvx.IsValid() && vvy.IsValid():
s.report(false, nothing, vvy)
default:
// It is possible for both vvx and vvy to be invalid if the
// key contained a NaN value in it. There is no way in
// reflection to be able to retrieve these values.
// See https://golang.org/issue/11104
panic(fmt.Sprintf("%#v has map key with NaNs", s.curPath))
}
}
}
func (s *state) compareStruct(vx, vy reflect.Value, t reflect.Type) {
var vax, vay reflect.Value // Addressable versions of vx and vy
step := &structField{}
s.curPath.push(step)
defer s.curPath.pop()
for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
vvx := vx.Field(i)
vvy := vy.Field(i)
step.typ = t.Field(i).Type
step.name = t.Field(i).Name
step.idx = i
step.unexported = !isExported(step.name)
if step.unexported {
// Defer checking of unexported fields until later to give an
// Ignore a chance to ignore the field.
if !vax.IsValid() || !vay.IsValid() {
// For unsafeRetrieveField to work, the parent struct must
// be addressable. Create a new copy of the values if
// necessary to make them addressable.
vax = makeAddressable(vx)
vay = makeAddressable(vy)
}
step.force = s.exporters[t]
step.pvx = vax
step.pvy = vay
step.field = t.Field(i)
}
s.compareAny(vvx, vvy)
}
}
// report records the result of a single comparison.
// It also calls Report if any reporter is registered.
func (s *state) report(eq bool, vx, vy reflect.Value) {
if eq {
s.result.NSame++
} else {
s.result.NDiff++
}
if s.reporter != nil {
s.reporter.Report(vx, vy, eq, s.curPath)
}
}
// dynChecker tracks the state needed to periodically perform checks that
// user provided functions are symmetric and deterministic.
// The zero value is safe for immediate use.
type dynChecker struct{ curr, next int }
// Next increments the state and reports whether a check should be performed.
//
// Checks occur every Nth function call, where N is a triangular number:
// 0 1 3 6 10 15 21 28 36 45 55 66 78 91 105 120 136 153 171 190 ...
// See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_number
//
// This sequence ensures that the cost of checks drops significantly as
// the number of functions calls grows larger.
func (dc *dynChecker) Next() bool {
ok := dc.curr == dc.next
if ok {
dc.curr = 0
dc.next++
}
dc.curr++
return ok
}
// makeAddressable returns a value that is always addressable.
// It returns the input verbatim if it is already addressable,
// otherwise it creates a new value and returns an addressable copy.
func makeAddressable(v reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
if v.CanAddr() {
return v
}
vc := reflect.New(v.Type()).Elem()
vc.Set(v)
return vc
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
// +build !debug
package diff
var debug debugger
type debugger struct{}
func (debugger) Begin(_, _ int, f EqualFunc, _, _ *EditScript) EqualFunc {
return f
}
func (debugger) Update() {}
func (debugger) Finish() {}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
// +build debug
package diff
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
"sync"
"time"
)
// The algorithm can be seen running in real-time by enabling debugging:
// go test -tags=debug -v
//
// Example output:
// === RUN TestDifference/#34
// ┌───────────────────────────────┐
// │ \ · · · · · · · · · · · · · · │
// │ · # · · · · · · · · · · · · · │
// │ · \ · · · · · · · · · · · · · │
// │ · · \ · · · · · · · · · · · · │
// │ · · · X # · · · · · · · · · · │
// │ · · · # \ · · · · · · · · · · │
// │ · · · · · # # · · · · · · · · │
// │ · · · · · # \ · · · · · · · · │
// │ · · · · · · · \ · · · · · · · │
// │ · · · · · · · · \ · · · · · · │
// │ · · · · · · · · · \ · · · · · │
// │ · · · · · · · · · · \ · · # · │
// │ · · · · · · · · · · · \ # # · │
// │ · · · · · · · · · · · # # # · │
// │ · · · · · · · · · · # # # # · │
// │ · · · · · · · · · # # # # # · │
// │ · · · · · · · · · · · · · · \ │
// └───────────────────────────────┘
// [.Y..M.XY......YXYXY.|]
//
// The grid represents the edit-graph where the horizontal axis represents
// list X and the vertical axis represents list Y. The start of the two lists
// is the top-left, while the ends are the bottom-right. The '·' represents
// an unexplored node in the graph. The '\' indicates that the two symbols
// from list X and Y are equal. The 'X' indicates that two symbols are similar
// (but not exactly equal) to each other. The '#' indicates that the two symbols
// are different (and not similar). The algorithm traverses this graph trying to
// make the paths starting in the top-left and the bottom-right connect.
//
// The series of '.', 'X', 'Y', and 'M' characters at the bottom represents
// the currently established path from the forward and reverse searches,
// separated by a '|' character.
const (
updateDelay = 100 * time.Millisecond
finishDelay = 500 * time.Millisecond
ansiTerminal = true // ANSI escape codes used to move terminal cursor
)
var debug debugger
type debugger struct {
sync.Mutex
p1, p2 EditScript
fwdPath, revPath *EditScript
grid []byte
lines int
}
func (dbg *debugger) Begin(nx, ny int, f EqualFunc, p1, p2 *EditScript) EqualFunc {
dbg.Lock()
dbg.fwdPath, dbg.revPath = p1, p2
top := "┌─" + strings.Repeat("──", nx) + "┐\n"
row := "│ " + strings.Repeat("· ", nx) + "│\n"
btm := "└─" + strings.Repeat("──", nx) + "┘\n"
dbg.grid = []byte(top + strings.Repeat(row, ny) + btm)
dbg.lines = strings.Count(dbg.String(), "\n")
fmt.Print(dbg)
// Wrap the EqualFunc so that we can intercept each result.
return func(ix, iy int) (r Result) {
cell := dbg.grid[len(top)+iy*len(row):][len("│ ")+len("· ")*ix:][:len("·")]
for i := range cell {
cell[i] = 0 // Zero out the multiple bytes of UTF-8 middle-dot
}
switch r = f(ix, iy); {
case r.Equal():
cell[0] = '\\'
case r.Similar():
cell[0] = 'X'
default:
cell[0] = '#'
}
return
}
}
func (dbg *debugger) Update() {
dbg.print(updateDelay)
}
func (dbg *debugger) Finish() {
dbg.print(finishDelay)
dbg.Unlock()
}
func (dbg *debugger) String() string {
dbg.p1, dbg.p2 = *dbg.fwdPath, dbg.p2[:0]
for i := len(*dbg.revPath) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
dbg.p2 = append(dbg.p2, (*dbg.revPath)[i])
}
return fmt.Sprintf("%s[%v|%v]\n\n", dbg.grid, dbg.p1, dbg.p2)
}
func (dbg *debugger) print(d time.Duration) {
if ansiTerminal {
fmt.Printf("\x1b[%dA", dbg.lines) // Reset terminal cursor
}
fmt.Print(dbg)
time.Sleep(d)
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
// Package diff implements an algorithm for producing edit-scripts.
// The edit-script is a sequence of operations needed to transform one list
// of symbols into another (or vice-versa). The edits allowed are insertions,
// deletions, and modifications. The summation of all edits is called the
// Levenshtein distance as this problem is well-known in computer science.
//
// This package prioritizes performance over accuracy. That is, the run time
// is more important than obtaining a minimal Levenshtein distance.
package diff
// EditType represents a single operation within an edit-script.
type EditType uint8
const (
// Identity indicates that a symbol pair is identical in both list X and Y.
Identity EditType = iota
// UniqueX indicates that a symbol only exists in X and not Y.
UniqueX
// UniqueY indicates that a symbol only exists in Y and not X.
UniqueY
// Modified indicates that a symbol pair is a modification of each other.
Modified
)
// EditScript represents the series of differences between two lists.
type EditScript []EditType
// String returns a human-readable string representing the edit-script where
// Identity, UniqueX, UniqueY, and Modified are represented by the
// '.', 'X', 'Y', and 'M' characters, respectively.
func (es EditScript) String() string {
b := make([]byte, len(es))
for i, e := range es {
switch e {
case Identity:
b[i] = '.'
case UniqueX:
b[i] = 'X'
case UniqueY:
b[i] = 'Y'
case Modified:
b[i] = 'M'
default:
panic("invalid edit-type")
}
}
return string(b)
}
// stats returns a histogram of the number of each type of edit operation.
func (es EditScript) stats() (s struct{ NI, NX, NY, NM int }) {
for _, e := range es {
switch e {
case Identity:
s.NI++
case UniqueX:
s.NX++
case UniqueY:
s.NY++
case Modified:
s.NM++
default:
panic("invalid edit-type")
}
}
return
}
// Dist is the Levenshtein distance and is guaranteed to be 0 if and only if
// lists X and Y are equal.
func (es EditScript) Dist() int { return len(es) - es.stats().NI }
// LenX is the length of the X list.
func (es EditScript) LenX() int { return len(es) - es.stats().NY }
// LenY is the length of the Y list.
func (es EditScript) LenY() int { return len(es) - es.stats().NX }
// EqualFunc reports whether the symbols at indexes ix and iy are equal.
// When called by Difference, the index is guaranteed to be within nx and ny.
type EqualFunc func(ix int, iy int) Result
// Result is the result of comparison.
// NSame is the number of sub-elements that are equal.
// NDiff is the number of sub-elements that are not equal.
type Result struct{ NSame, NDiff int }
// Equal indicates whether the symbols are equal. Two symbols are equal
// if and only if NDiff == 0. If Equal, then they are also Similar.
func (r Result) Equal() bool { return r.NDiff == 0 }
// Similar indicates whether two symbols are similar and may be represented
// by using the Modified type. As a special case, we consider binary comparisons
// (i.e., those that return Result{1, 0} or Result{0, 1}) to be similar.
//
// The exact ratio of NSame to NDiff to determine similarity may change.
func (r Result) Similar() bool {
// Use NSame+1 to offset NSame so that binary comparisons are similar.
return r.NSame+1 >= r.NDiff
}
// Difference reports whether two lists of lengths nx and ny are equal
// given the definition of equality provided as f.
//
// This function returns an edit-script, which is a sequence of operations
// needed to convert one list into the other. The following invariants for
// the edit-script are maintained:
// • eq == (es.Dist()==0)
// • nx == es.LenX()
// • ny == es.LenY()
//
// This algorithm is not guaranteed to be an optimal solution (i.e., one that
// produces an edit-script with a minimal Levenshtein distance). This algorithm
// favors performance over optimality. The exact output is not guaranteed to
// be stable and may change over time.
func Difference(nx, ny int, f EqualFunc) (es EditScript) {
// This algorithm is based on traversing what is known as an "edit-graph".
// See Figure 1 from "An O(ND) Difference Algorithm and Its Variations"
// by Eugene W. Myers. Since D can be as large as N itself, this is
// effectively O(N^2). Unlike the algorithm from that paper, we are not
// interested in the optimal path, but at least some "decent" path.
//
// For example, let X and Y be lists of symbols:
// X = [A B C A B B A]
// Y = [C B A B A C]
//
// The edit-graph can be drawn as the following:
// A B C A B B A
// ┌─────────────┐
// C │_|_|\|_|_|_|_│ 0
// B │_|\|_|_|\|\|_│ 1
// A │\|_|_|\|_|_|\│ 2
// B │_|\|_|_|\|\|_│ 3
// A │\|_|_|\|_|_|\│ 4
// C │ | |\| | | | │ 5
// └─────────────┘ 6
// 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
//
// List X is written along the horizontal axis, while list Y is written
// along the vertical axis. At any point on this grid, if the symbol in
// list X matches the corresponding symbol in list Y, then a '\' is drawn.
// The goal of any minimal edit-script algorithm is to find a path from the
// top-left corner to the bottom-right corner, while traveling through the
// fewest horizontal or vertical edges.
// A horizontal edge is equivalent to inserting a symbol from list X.
// A vertical edge is equivalent to inserting a symbol from list Y.
// A diagonal edge is equivalent to a matching symbol between both X and Y.
// Invariants:
// • 0 ≤ fwdPath.X ≤ (fwdFrontier.X, revFrontier.X) ≤ revPath.X ≤ nx
// • 0 ≤ fwdPath.Y ≤ (fwdFrontier.Y, revFrontier.Y) ≤ revPath.Y ≤ ny
//
// In general:
// • fwdFrontier.X < revFrontier.X
// • fwdFrontier.Y < revFrontier.Y
// Unless, it is time for the algorithm to terminate.
fwdPath := path{+1, point{0, 0}, make(EditScript, 0, (nx+ny)/2)}
revPath := path{-1, point{nx, ny}, make(EditScript, 0)}
fwdFrontier := fwdPath.point // Forward search frontier
revFrontier := revPath.point // Reverse search frontier
// Search budget bounds the cost of searching for better paths.
// The longest sequence of non-matching symbols that can be tolerated is
// approximately the square-root of the search budget.
searchBudget := 4 * (nx + ny) // O(n)
// The algorithm below is a greedy, meet-in-the-middle algorithm for
// computing sub-optimal edit-scripts between two lists.
//
// The algorithm is approximately as follows:
// • Searching for differences switches back-and-forth between
// a search that starts at the beginning (the top-left corner), and
// a search that starts at the end (the bottom-right corner). The goal of
// the search is connect with the search from the opposite corner.
// • As we search, we build a path in a greedy manner, where the first
// match seen is added to the path (this is sub-optimal, but provides a
// decent result in practice). When matches are found, we try the next pair
// of symbols in the lists and follow all matches as far as possible.
// • When searching for matches, we search along a diagonal going through
// through the "frontier" point. If no matches are found, we advance the
// frontier towards the opposite corner.
// • This algorithm terminates when either the X coordinates or the
// Y coordinates of the forward and reverse frontier points ever intersect.
//
// This algorithm is correct even if searching only in the forward direction
// or in the reverse direction. We do both because it is commonly observed
// that two lists commonly differ because elements were added to the front
// or end of the other list.
//
// Running the tests with the "debug" build tag prints a visualization of
// the algorithm running in real-time. This is educational for understanding
// how the algorithm works. See debug_enable.go.
f = debug.Begin(nx, ny, f, &fwdPath.es, &revPath.es)
for {
// Forward search from the beginning.
if fwdFrontier.X >= revFrontier.X || fwdFrontier.Y >= revFrontier.Y || searchBudget == 0 {
break
}
for stop1, stop2, i := false, false, 0; !(stop1 && stop2) && searchBudget > 0; i++ {
// Search in a diagonal pattern for a match.
z := zigzag(i)
p := point{fwdFrontier.X + z, fwdFrontier.Y - z}
switch {
case p.X >= revPath.X || p.Y < fwdPath.Y:
stop1 = true // Hit top-right corner
case p.Y >= revPath.Y || p.X < fwdPath.X:
stop2 = true // Hit bottom-left corner
case f(p.X, p.Y).Equal():
// Match found, so connect the path to this point.
fwdPath.connect(p, f)
fwdPath.append(Identity)
// Follow sequence of matches as far as possible.
for fwdPath.X < revPath.X && fwdPath.Y < revPath.Y {
if !f(fwdPath.X, fwdPath.Y).Equal() {
break
}
fwdPath.append(Identity)
}
fwdFrontier = fwdPath.point
stop1, stop2 = true, true
default:
searchBudget-- // Match not found
}
debug.Update()
}
// Advance the frontier towards reverse point.
if revPath.X-fwdFrontier.X >= revPath.Y-fwdFrontier.Y {
fwdFrontier.X++
} else {
fwdFrontier.Y++
}
// Reverse search from the end.
if fwdFrontier.X >= revFrontier.X || fwdFrontier.Y >= revFrontier.Y || searchBudget == 0 {
break
}
for stop1, stop2, i := false, false, 0; !(stop1 && stop2) && searchBudget > 0; i++ {
// Search in a diagonal pattern for a match.
z := zigzag(i)
p := point{revFrontier.X - z, revFrontier.Y + z}
switch {
case fwdPath.X >= p.X || revPath.Y < p.Y:
stop1 = true // Hit bottom-left corner
case fwdPath.Y >= p.Y || revPath.X < p.X:
stop2 = true // Hit top-right corner
case f(p.X-1, p.Y-1).Equal():
// Match found, so connect the path to this point.
revPath.connect(p, f)
revPath.append(Identity)
// Follow sequence of matches as far as possible.
for fwdPath.X < revPath.X && fwdPath.Y < revPath.Y {
if !f(revPath.X-1, revPath.Y-1).Equal() {
break
}
revPath.append(Identity)
}
revFrontier = revPath.point
stop1, stop2 = true, true
default:
searchBudget-- // Match not found
}
debug.Update()
}
// Advance the frontier towards forward point.
if revFrontier.X-fwdPath.X >= revFrontier.Y-fwdPath.Y {
revFrontier.X--
} else {
revFrontier.Y--
}
}
// Join the forward and reverse paths and then append the reverse path.
fwdPath.connect(revPath.point, f)
for i := len(revPath.es) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
t := revPath.es[i]
revPath.es = revPath.es[:i]
fwdPath.append(t)
}
debug.Finish()
return fwdPath.es
}
type path struct {
dir int // +1 if forward, -1 if reverse
point // Leading point of the EditScript path
es EditScript
}
// connect appends any necessary Identity, Modified, UniqueX, or UniqueY types
// to the edit-script to connect p.point to dst.
func (p *path) connect(dst point, f EqualFunc) {
if p.dir > 0 {
// Connect in forward direction.
for dst.X > p.X && dst.Y > p.Y {
switch r := f(p.X, p.Y); {
case r.Equal():
p.append(Identity)
case r.Similar():
p.append(Modified)
case dst.X-p.X >= dst.Y-p.Y:
p.append(UniqueX)
default:
p.append(UniqueY)
}
}
for dst.X > p.X {
p.append(UniqueX)
}
for dst.Y > p.Y {
p.append(UniqueY)
}
} else {
// Connect in reverse direction.
for p.X > dst.X && p.Y > dst.Y {
switch r := f(p.X-1, p.Y-1); {
case r.Equal():
p.append(Identity)
case r.Similar():
p.append(Modified)
case p.Y-dst.Y >= p.X-dst.X:
p.append(UniqueY)
default:
p.append(UniqueX)
}
}
for p.X > dst.X {
p.append(UniqueX)
}
for p.Y > dst.Y {
p.append(UniqueY)
}
}
}
func (p *path) append(t EditType) {
p.es = append(p.es, t)
switch t {
case Identity, Modified:
p.add(p.dir, p.dir)
case UniqueX:
p.add(p.dir, 0)
case UniqueY:
p.add(0, p.dir)
}
debug.Update()
}
type point struct{ X, Y int }
func (p *point) add(dx, dy int) { p.X += dx; p.Y += dy }
// zigzag maps a consecutive sequence of integers to a zig-zag sequence.
// [0 1 2 3 4 5 ...] => [0 -1 +1 -2 +2 ...]
func zigzag(x int) int {
if x&1 != 0 {
x = ^x
}
return x >> 1
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
// Package function identifies function types.
package function
import "reflect"
type funcType int
const (
_ funcType = iota
ttbFunc // func(T, T) bool
tibFunc // func(T, I) bool
trFunc // func(T) R
Equal = ttbFunc // func(T, T) bool
EqualAssignable = tibFunc // func(T, I) bool; encapsulates func(T, T) bool
Transformer = trFunc // func(T) R
ValueFilter = ttbFunc // func(T, T) bool
Less = ttbFunc // func(T, T) bool
)
var boolType = reflect.TypeOf(true)
// IsType reports whether the reflect.Type is of the specified function type.
func IsType(t reflect.Type, ft funcType) bool {
if t == nil || t.Kind() != reflect.Func || t.IsVariadic() {
return false
}
ni, no := t.NumIn(), t.NumOut()
switch ft {
case ttbFunc: // func(T, T) bool
if ni == 2 && no == 1 && t.In(0) == t.In(1) && t.Out(0) == boolType {
return true
}
case tibFunc: // func(T, I) bool
if ni == 2 && no == 1 && t.In(0).AssignableTo(t.In(1)) && t.Out(0) == boolType {
return true
}
case trFunc: // func(T) R
if ni == 1 && no == 1 {
return true
}
}
return false
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
// Package value provides functionality for reflect.Value types.
package value
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
"strconv"
"strings"
"unicode"
)
var stringerIface = reflect.TypeOf((*fmt.Stringer)(nil)).Elem()
// Format formats the value v as a string.
//
// This is similar to fmt.Sprintf("%+v", v) except this:
// * Prints the type unless it can be elided
// * Avoids printing struct fields that are zero
// * Prints a nil-slice as being nil, not empty
// * Prints map entries in deterministic order
func Format(v reflect.Value, conf FormatConfig) string {
conf.printType = true
conf.followPointers = true
conf.realPointers = true
return formatAny(v, conf, nil)
}
type FormatConfig struct {
UseStringer bool // Should the String method be used if available?
printType bool // Should we print the type before the value?
PrintPrimitiveType bool // Should we print the type of primitives?
followPointers bool // Should we recursively follow pointers?
realPointers bool // Should we print the real address of pointers?
}
func formatAny(v reflect.Value, conf FormatConfig, visited map[uintptr]bool) string {
// TODO: Should this be a multi-line printout in certain situations?
if !v.IsValid() {
return "<non-existent>"
}
if conf.UseStringer && v.Type().Implements(stringerIface) && v.CanInterface() {
if (v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr || v.Kind() == reflect.Interface) && v.IsNil() {
return "<nil>"
}
const stringerPrefix = "s" // Indicates that the String method was used
s := v.Interface().(fmt.Stringer).String()
return stringerPrefix + formatString(s)
}
switch v.Kind() {
case reflect.Bool:
return formatPrimitive(v.Type(), v.Bool(), conf)
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
return formatPrimitive(v.Type(), v.Int(), conf)
case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
if v.Type().PkgPath() == "" || v.Kind() == reflect.Uintptr {
// Unnamed uints are usually bytes or words, so use hexadecimal.
return formatPrimitive(v.Type(), formatHex(v.Uint()), conf)
}
return formatPrimitive(v.Type(), v.Uint(), conf)
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
return formatPrimitive(v.Type(), v.Float(), conf)
case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
return formatPrimitive(v.Type(), v.Complex(), conf)
case reflect.String:
return formatPrimitive(v.Type(), formatString(v.String()), conf)
case reflect.UnsafePointer, reflect.Chan, reflect.Func:
return formatPointer(v, conf)
case reflect.Ptr:
if v.IsNil() {
if conf.printType {
return fmt.Sprintf("(%v)(nil)", v.Type())
}
return "<nil>"
}
if visited[v.Pointer()] || !conf.followPointers {
return formatPointer(v, conf)
}
visited = insertPointer(visited, v.Pointer())
return "&" + formatAny(v.Elem(), conf, visited)
case reflect.Interface:
if v.IsNil() {
if conf.printType {
return fmt.Sprintf("%v(nil)", v.Type())
}
return "<nil>"
}
return formatAny(v.Elem(), conf, visited)
case reflect.Slice:
if v.IsNil() {
if conf.printType {
return fmt.Sprintf("%v(nil)", v.Type())
}
return "<nil>"
}
if visited[v.Pointer()] {
return formatPointer(v, conf)
}
visited = insertPointer(visited, v.Pointer())
fallthrough
case reflect.Array:
var ss []string
subConf := conf
subConf.printType = v.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Interface
for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
s := formatAny(v.Index(i), subConf, visited)
ss = append(ss, s)
}
s := fmt.Sprintf("{%s}", strings.Join(ss, ", "))
if conf.printType {
return v.Type().String() + s
}
return s
case reflect.Map:
if v.IsNil() {
if conf.printType {
return fmt.Sprintf("%v(nil)", v.Type())
}
return "<nil>"
}
if visited[v.Pointer()] {
return formatPointer(v, conf)
}
visited = insertPointer(visited, v.Pointer())
var ss []string
keyConf, valConf := conf, conf
keyConf.printType = v.Type().Key().Kind() == reflect.Interface
keyConf.followPointers = false
valConf.printType = v.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Interface
for _, k := range SortKeys(v.MapKeys()) {
sk := formatAny(k, keyConf, visited)
sv := formatAny(v.MapIndex(k), valConf, visited)
ss = append(ss, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", sk, sv))
}
s := fmt.Sprintf("{%s}", strings.Join(ss, ", "))
if conf.printType {
return v.Type().String() + s
}
return s
case reflect.Struct:
var ss []string
subConf := conf
subConf.printType = true
for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
vv := v.Field(i)
if isZero(vv) {
continue // Elide zero value fields
}
name := v.Type().Field(i).Name
subConf.UseStringer = conf.UseStringer
s := formatAny(vv, subConf, visited)
ss = append(ss, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", name, s))
}
s := fmt.Sprintf("{%s}", strings.Join(ss, ", "))
if conf.printType {
return v.Type().String() + s
}
return s
default:
panic(fmt.Sprintf("%v kind not handled", v.Kind()))
}
}
func formatString(s string) string {
// Use quoted string if it the same length as a raw string literal.
// Otherwise, attempt to use the raw string form.
qs := strconv.Quote(s)
if len(qs) == 1+len(s)+1 {
return qs
}
// Disallow newlines to ensure output is a single line.
// Only allow printable runes for readability purposes.
rawInvalid := func(r rune) bool {
return r == '`' || r == '\n' || !unicode.IsPrint(r)
}
if strings.IndexFunc(s, rawInvalid) < 0 {
return "`" + s + "`"
}
return qs
}
func formatPrimitive(t reflect.Type, v interface{}, conf FormatConfig) string {
if conf.printType && (conf.PrintPrimitiveType || t.PkgPath() != "") {
return fmt.Sprintf("%v(%v)", t, v)
}
return fmt.Sprintf("%v", v)
}
func formatPointer(v reflect.Value, conf FormatConfig) string {
p := v.Pointer()
if !conf.realPointers {
p = 0 // For deterministic printing purposes
}
s := formatHex(uint64(p))
if conf.printType {
return fmt.Sprintf("(%v)(%s)", v.Type(), s)
}
return s
}
func formatHex(u uint64) string {
var f string
switch {
case u <= 0xff:
f = "0x%02x"
case u <= 0xffff:
f = "0x%04x"
case u <= 0xffffff:
f = "0x%06x"
case u <= 0xffffffff:
f = "0x%08x"
case u <= 0xffffffffff:
f = "0x%010x"
case u <= 0xffffffffffff:
f = "0x%012x"
case u <= 0xffffffffffffff:
f = "0x%014x"
case u <= 0xffffffffffffffff:
f = "0x%016x"
}
return fmt.Sprintf(f, u)
}
// insertPointer insert p into m, allocating m if necessary.
func insertPointer(m map[uintptr]bool, p uintptr) map[uintptr]bool {
if m == nil {
m = make(map[uintptr]bool)
}
m[p] = true
return m
}
// isZero reports whether v is the zero value.
// This does not rely on Interface and so can be used on unexported fields.
func isZero(v reflect.Value) bool {
switch v.Kind() {
case reflect.Bool:
return v.Bool() == false
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
return v.Int() == 0
case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
return v.Uint() == 0
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
return v.Float() == 0
case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
return v.Complex() == 0
case reflect.String:
return v.String() == ""
case reflect.UnsafePointer:
return v.Pointer() == 0
case reflect.Chan, reflect.Func, reflect.Interface, reflect.Ptr, reflect.Map, reflect.Slice:
return v.IsNil()
case reflect.Array:
for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
if !isZero(v.Index(i)) {
return false
}
}
return true
case reflect.Struct:
for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
if !isZero(v.Field(i)) {
return false
}
}
return true
}
return false
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
package value
import (
"fmt"
"math"
"reflect"
"sort"
)
// SortKeys sorts a list of map keys, deduplicating keys if necessary.
// The type of each value must be comparable.
func SortKeys(vs []reflect.Value) []reflect.Value {
if len(vs) == 0 {
return vs
}
// Sort the map keys.
sort.Sort(valueSorter(vs))
// Deduplicate keys (fails for NaNs).
vs2 := vs[:1]
for _, v := range vs[1:] {
if isLess(vs2[len(vs2)-1], v) {
vs2 = append(vs2, v)
}
}
return vs2
}
// TODO: Use sort.Slice once Google AppEngine is on Go1.8 or above.
type valueSorter []reflect.Value
func (vs valueSorter) Len() int { return len(vs) }
func (vs valueSorter) Less(i, j int) bool { return isLess(vs[i], vs[j]) }
func (vs valueSorter) Swap(i, j int) { vs[i], vs[j] = vs[j], vs[i] }
// isLess is a generic function for sorting arbitrary map keys.
// The inputs must be of the same type and must be comparable.
func isLess(x, y reflect.Value) bool {
switch x.Type().Kind() {
case reflect.Bool:
return !x.Bool() && y.Bool()
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
return x.Int() < y.Int()
case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
return x.Uint() < y.Uint()
case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
fx, fy := x.Float(), y.Float()
return fx < fy || math.IsNaN(fx) && !math.IsNaN(fy)
case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
cx, cy := x.Complex(), y.Complex()
rx, ix, ry, iy := real(cx), imag(cx), real(cy), imag(cy)
if rx == ry || (math.IsNaN(rx) && math.IsNaN(ry)) {
return ix < iy || math.IsNaN(ix) && !math.IsNaN(iy)
}
return rx < ry || math.IsNaN(rx) && !math.IsNaN(ry)
case reflect.Ptr, reflect.UnsafePointer, reflect.Chan:
return x.Pointer() < y.Pointer()
case reflect.String:
return x.String() < y.String()
case reflect.Array:
for i := 0; i < x.Len(); i++ {
if isLess(x.Index(i), y.Index(i)) {
return true
}
if isLess(y.Index(i), x.Index(i)) {
return false
}
}
return false
case reflect.Struct:
for i := 0; i < x.NumField(); i++ {
if isLess(x.Field(i), y.Field(i)) {
return true
}
if isLess(y.Field(i), x.Field(i)) {
return false
}
}
return false
case reflect.Interface:
vx, vy := x.Elem(), y.Elem()
if !vx.IsValid() || !vy.IsValid() {
return !vx.IsValid() && vy.IsValid()
}
tx, ty := vx.Type(), vy.Type()
if tx == ty {
return isLess(x.Elem(), y.Elem())
}
if tx.Kind() != ty.Kind() {
return vx.Kind() < vy.Kind()
}
if tx.String() != ty.String() {
return tx.String() < ty.String()
}
if tx.PkgPath() != ty.PkgPath() {
return tx.PkgPath() < ty.PkgPath()
}
// This can happen in rare situations, so we fallback to just comparing
// the unique pointer for a reflect.Type. This guarantees deterministic
// ordering within a program, but it is obviously not stable.
return reflect.ValueOf(vx.Type()).Pointer() < reflect.ValueOf(vy.Type()).Pointer()
default:
// Must be Func, Map, or Slice; which are not comparable.
panic(fmt.Sprintf("%T is not comparable", x.Type()))
}
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
package cmp
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
"runtime"
"strings"
"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/internal/function"
)
// Option configures for specific behavior of Equal and Diff. In particular,
// the fundamental Option functions (Ignore, Transformer, and Comparer),
// configure how equality is determined.
//
// The fundamental options may be composed with filters (FilterPath and
// FilterValues) to control the scope over which they are applied.
//
// The cmp/cmpopts package provides helper functions for creating options that
// may be used with Equal and Diff.
type Option interface {
// filter applies all filters and returns the option that remains.
// Each option may only read s.curPath and call s.callTTBFunc.
//
// An Options is returned only if multiple comparers or transformers
// can apply simultaneously and will only contain values of those types
// or sub-Options containing values of those types.
filter(s *state, vx, vy reflect.Value, t reflect.Type) applicableOption
}
// applicableOption represents the following types:
// Fundamental: ignore | invalid | *comparer | *transformer
// Grouping: Options
type applicableOption interface {
Option
// apply executes the option, which may mutate s or panic.
apply(s *state, vx, vy reflect.Value)
}
// coreOption represents the following types:
// Fundamental: ignore | invalid | *comparer | *transformer
// Filters: *pathFilter | *valuesFilter
type coreOption interface {
Option
isCore()
}
type core struct{}
func (core) isCore() {}
// Options is a list of Option values that also satisfies the Option interface.
// Helper comparison packages may return an Options value when packing multiple
// Option values into a single Option. When this package processes an Options,
// it will be implicitly expanded into a flat list.
//
// Applying a filter on an Options is equivalent to applying that same filter
// on all individual options held within.
type Options []Option
func (opts Options) filter(s *state, vx, vy reflect.Value, t reflect.Type) (out applicableOption) {
for _, opt := range opts {
switch opt := opt.filter(s, vx, vy, t); opt.(type) {
case ignore:
return ignore{} // Only ignore can short-circuit evaluation
case invalid:
out = invalid{} // Takes precedence over comparer or transformer
case *comparer, *transformer, Options:
switch out.(type) {
case nil:
out = opt
case invalid:
// Keep invalid
case *comparer, *transformer, Options:
out = Options{out, opt} // Conflicting comparers or transformers
}
}
}
return out
}
func (opts Options) apply(s *state, _, _ reflect.Value) {
const warning = "ambiguous set of applicable options"
const help = "consider using filters to ensure at most one Comparer or Transformer may apply"
var ss []string
for _, opt := range flattenOptions(nil, opts) {
ss = append(ss, fmt.Sprint(opt))
}
set := strings.Join(ss, "\n\t")
panic(fmt.Sprintf("%s at %#v:\n\t%s\n%s", warning, s.curPath, set, help))
}
func (opts Options) String() string {
var ss []string
for _, opt := range opts {
ss = append(ss, fmt.Sprint(opt))
}
return fmt.Sprintf("Options{%s}", strings.Join(ss, ", "))
}
// FilterPath returns a new Option where opt is only evaluated if filter f
// returns true for the current Path in the value tree.
//
// The option passed in may be an Ignore, Transformer, Comparer, Options, or
// a previously filtered Option.
func FilterPath(f func(Path) bool, opt Option) Option {
if f == nil {
panic("invalid path filter function")
}
if opt := normalizeOption(opt); opt != nil {
return &pathFilter{fnc: f, opt: opt}
}
return nil
}
type pathFilter struct {
core
fnc func(Path) bool
opt Option
}
func (f pathFilter) filter(s *state, vx, vy reflect.Value, t reflect.Type) applicableOption {
if f.fnc(s.curPath) {
return f.opt.filter(s, vx, vy, t)
}
return nil
}
func (f pathFilter) String() string {
fn := getFuncName(reflect.ValueOf(f.fnc).Pointer())
return fmt.Sprintf("FilterPath(%s, %v)", fn, f.opt)
}
// FilterValues returns a new Option where opt is only evaluated if filter f,
// which is a function of the form "func(T, T) bool", returns true for the
// current pair of values being compared. If the type of the values is not
// assignable to T, then this filter implicitly returns false.
//
// The filter function must be
// symmetric (i.e., agnostic to the order of the inputs) and
// deterministic (i.e., produces the same result when given the same inputs).
// If T is an interface, it is possible that f is called with two values with
// different concrete types that both implement T.
//
// The option passed in may be an Ignore, Transformer, Comparer, Options, or
// a previously filtered Option.
func FilterValues(f interface{}, opt Option) Option {
v := reflect.ValueOf(f)
if !function.IsType(v.Type(), function.ValueFilter) || v.IsNil() {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid values filter function: %T", f))
}
if opt := normalizeOption(opt); opt != nil {
vf := &valuesFilter{fnc: v, opt: opt}
if ti := v.Type().In(0); ti.Kind() != reflect.Interface || ti.NumMethod() > 0 {
vf.typ = ti
}
return vf
}
return nil
}
type valuesFilter struct {
core
typ reflect.Type // T
fnc reflect.Value // func(T, T) bool
opt Option
}
func (f valuesFilter) filter(s *state, vx, vy reflect.Value, t reflect.Type) applicableOption {
if !vx.IsValid() || !vy.IsValid() {
return invalid{}
}
if (f.typ == nil || t.AssignableTo(f.typ)) && s.callTTBFunc(f.fnc, vx, vy) {
return f.opt.filter(s, vx, vy, t)
}
return nil
}
func (f valuesFilter) String() string {
fn := getFuncName(f.fnc.Pointer())
return fmt.Sprintf("FilterValues(%s, %v)", fn, f.opt)
}
// Ignore is an Option that causes all comparisons to be ignored.
// This value is intended to be combined with FilterPath or FilterValues.
// It is an error to pass an unfiltered Ignore option to Equal.
func Ignore() Option { return ignore{} }
type ignore struct{ core }
func (ignore) isFiltered() bool { return false }
func (ignore) filter(_ *state, _, _ reflect.Value, _ reflect.Type) applicableOption { return ignore{} }
func (ignore) apply(_ *state, _, _ reflect.Value) { return }
func (ignore) String() string { return "Ignore()" }
// invalid is a sentinel Option type to indicate that some options could not
// be evaluated due to unexported fields.
type invalid struct{ core }
func (invalid) filter(_ *state, _, _ reflect.Value, _ reflect.Type) applicableOption { return invalid{} }
func (invalid) apply(s *state, _, _ reflect.Value) {
const help = "consider using AllowUnexported or cmpopts.IgnoreUnexported"
panic(fmt.Sprintf("cannot handle unexported field: %#v\n%s", s.curPath, help))
}
// Transformer returns an Option that applies a transformation function that
// converts values of a certain type into that of another.
//
// The transformer f must be a function "func(T) R" that converts values of
// type T to those of type R and is implicitly filtered to input values
// assignable to T. The transformer must not mutate T in any way.
//
// To help prevent some cases of infinite recursive cycles applying the
// same transform to the output of itself (e.g., in the case where the
// input and output types are the same), an implicit filter is added such that
// a transformer is applicable only if that exact transformer is not already
// in the tail of the Path since the last non-Transform step.
//
// The name is a user provided label that is used as the Transform.Name in the
// transformation PathStep. If empty, an arbitrary name is used.
func Transformer(name string, f interface{}) Option {
v := reflect.ValueOf(f)
if !function.IsType(v.Type(), function.Transformer) || v.IsNil() {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid transformer function: %T", f))
}
if name == "" {
name = "λ" // Lambda-symbol as place-holder for anonymous transformer
}
if !isValid(name) {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid name: %q", name))
}
tr := &transformer{name: name, fnc: reflect.ValueOf(f)}
if ti := v.Type().In(0); ti.Kind() != reflect.Interface || ti.NumMethod() > 0 {
tr.typ = ti
}
return tr
}
type transformer struct {
core
name string
typ reflect.Type // T
fnc reflect.Value // func(T) R
}
func (tr *transformer) isFiltered() bool { return tr.typ != nil }
func (tr *transformer) filter(s *state, _, _ reflect.Value, t reflect.Type) applicableOption {
for i := len(s.curPath) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
if t, ok := s.curPath[i].(*transform); !ok {
break // Hit most recent non-Transform step
} else if tr == t.trans {
return nil // Cannot directly use same Transform
}
}
if tr.typ == nil || t.AssignableTo(tr.typ) {
return tr
}
return nil
}
func (tr *transformer) apply(s *state, vx, vy reflect.Value) {
// Update path before calling the Transformer so that dynamic checks
// will use the updated path.
s.curPath.push(&transform{pathStep{tr.fnc.Type().Out(0)}, tr})
defer s.curPath.pop()
vx = s.callTRFunc(tr.fnc, vx)
vy = s.callTRFunc(tr.fnc, vy)
s.compareAny(vx, vy)
}
func (tr transformer) String() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("Transformer(%s, %s)", tr.name, getFuncName(tr.fnc.Pointer()))
}
// Comparer returns an Option that determines whether two values are equal
// to each other.
//
// The comparer f must be a function "func(T, T) bool" and is implicitly
// filtered to input values assignable to T. If T is an interface, it is
// possible that f is called with two values of different concrete types that
// both implement T.
//
// The equality function must be:
// • Symmetric: equal(x, y) == equal(y, x)
// • Deterministic: equal(x, y) == equal(x, y)
// • Pure: equal(x, y) does not modify x or y
func Comparer(f interface{}) Option {
v := reflect.ValueOf(f)
if !function.IsType(v.Type(), function.Equal) || v.IsNil() {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid comparer function: %T", f))
}
cm := &comparer{fnc: v}
if ti := v.Type().In(0); ti.Kind() != reflect.Interface || ti.NumMethod() > 0 {
cm.typ = ti
}
return cm
}
type comparer struct {
core
typ reflect.Type // T
fnc reflect.Value // func(T, T) bool
}
func (cm *comparer) isFiltered() bool { return cm.typ != nil }
func (cm *comparer) filter(_ *state, _, _ reflect.Value, t reflect.Type) applicableOption {
if cm.typ == nil || t.AssignableTo(cm.typ) {
return cm
}
return nil
}
func (cm *comparer) apply(s *state, vx, vy reflect.Value) {
eq := s.callTTBFunc(cm.fnc, vx, vy)
s.report(eq, vx, vy)
}
func (cm comparer) String() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("Comparer(%s)", getFuncName(cm.fnc.Pointer()))
}
// AllowUnexported returns an Option that forcibly allows operations on
// unexported fields in certain structs, which are specified by passing in a
// value of each struct type.
//
// Users of this option must understand that comparing on unexported fields
// from external packages is not safe since changes in the internal
// implementation of some external package may cause the result of Equal
// to unexpectedly change. However, it may be valid to use this option on types
// defined in an internal package where the semantic meaning of an unexported
// field is in the control of the user.
//
// For some cases, a custom Comparer should be used instead that defines
// equality as a function of the public API of a type rather than the underlying
// unexported implementation.
//
// For example, the reflect.Type documentation defines equality to be determined
// by the == operator on the interface (essentially performing a shallow pointer
// comparison) and most attempts to compare *regexp.Regexp types are interested
// in only checking that the regular expression strings are equal.
// Both of these are accomplished using Comparers:
//
// Comparer(func(x, y reflect.Type) bool { return x == y })
// Comparer(func(x, y *regexp.Regexp) bool { return x.String() == y.String() })
//
// In other cases, the cmpopts.IgnoreUnexported option can be used to ignore
// all unexported fields on specified struct types.
func AllowUnexported(types ...interface{}) Option {
if !supportAllowUnexported {
panic("AllowUnexported is not supported on purego builds, Google App Engine Standard, or GopherJS")
}
m := make(map[reflect.Type]bool)
for _, typ := range types {
t := reflect.TypeOf(typ)
if t.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid struct type: %T", typ))
}
m[t] = true
}
return visibleStructs(m)
}
type visibleStructs map[reflect.Type]bool
func (visibleStructs) filter(_ *state, _, _ reflect.Value, _ reflect.Type) applicableOption {
panic("not implemented")
}
// reporter is an Option that configures how differences are reported.
type reporter interface {
// TODO: Not exported yet.
//
// Perhaps add PushStep and PopStep and change Report to only accept
// a PathStep instead of the full-path? Adding a PushStep and PopStep makes
// it clear that we are traversing the value tree in a depth-first-search
// manner, which has an effect on how values are printed.
Option
// Report is called for every comparison made and will be provided with
// the two values being compared, the equality result, and the
// current path in the value tree. It is possible for x or y to be an
// invalid reflect.Value if one of the values is non-existent;
// which is possible with maps and slices.
Report(x, y reflect.Value, eq bool, p Path)
}
// normalizeOption normalizes the input options such that all Options groups
// are flattened and groups with a single element are reduced to that element.
// Only coreOptions and Options containing coreOptions are allowed.
func normalizeOption(src Option) Option {
switch opts := flattenOptions(nil, Options{src}); len(opts) {
case 0:
return nil
case 1:
return opts[0]
default:
return opts
}
}
// flattenOptions copies all options in src to dst as a flat list.
// Only coreOptions and Options containing coreOptions are allowed.
func flattenOptions(dst, src Options) Options {
for _, opt := range src {
switch opt := opt.(type) {
case nil:
continue
case Options:
dst = flattenOptions(dst, opt)
case coreOption:
dst = append(dst, opt)
default:
panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid option type: %T", opt))
}
}
return dst
}
// getFuncName returns a short function name from the pointer.
// The string parsing logic works up until Go1.9.
func getFuncName(p uintptr) string {
fnc := runtime.FuncForPC(p)
if fnc == nil {
return "<unknown>"
}
name := fnc.Name() // E.g., "long/path/name/mypkg.(mytype).(long/path/name/mypkg.myfunc)-fm"
if strings.HasSuffix(name, ")-fm") || strings.HasSuffix(name, ")·fm") {
// Strip the package name from method name.
name = strings.TrimSuffix(name, ")-fm")
name = strings.TrimSuffix(name, ")·fm")
if i := strings.LastIndexByte(name, '('); i >= 0 {
methodName := name[i+1:] // E.g., "long/path/name/mypkg.myfunc"
if j := strings.LastIndexByte(methodName, '.'); j >= 0 {
methodName = methodName[j+1:] // E.g., "myfunc"
}
name = name[:i] + methodName // E.g., "long/path/name/mypkg.(mytype)." + "myfunc"
}
}
if i := strings.LastIndexByte(name, '/'); i >= 0 {
// Strip the package name.
name = name[i+1:] // E.g., "mypkg.(mytype).myfunc"
}
return name
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
package cmp
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
"strings"
"unicode"
"unicode/utf8"
)
type (
// Path is a list of PathSteps describing the sequence of operations to get
// from some root type to the current position in the value tree.
// The first Path element is always an operation-less PathStep that exists
// simply to identify the initial type.
//
// When traversing structs with embedded structs, the embedded struct will
// always be accessed as a field before traversing the fields of the
// embedded struct themselves. That is, an exported field from the
// embedded struct will never be accessed directly from the parent struct.
Path []PathStep
// PathStep is a union-type for specific operations to traverse
// a value's tree structure. Users of this package never need to implement
// these types as values of this type will be returned by this package.
PathStep interface {
String() string
Type() reflect.Type // Resulting type after performing the path step
isPathStep()
}
// SliceIndex is an index operation on a slice or array at some index Key.
SliceIndex interface {
PathStep
Key() int // May return -1 if in a split state
// SplitKeys returns the indexes for indexing into slices in the
// x and y values, respectively. These indexes may differ due to the
// insertion or removal of an element in one of the slices, causing
// all of the indexes to be shifted. If an index is -1, then that
// indicates that the element does not exist in the associated slice.
//
// Key is guaranteed to return -1 if and only if the indexes returned
// by SplitKeys are not the same. SplitKeys will never return -1 for
// both indexes.
SplitKeys() (x int, y int)
isSliceIndex()
}
// MapIndex is an index operation on a map at some index Key.
MapIndex interface {
PathStep
Key() reflect.Value
isMapIndex()
}
// TypeAssertion represents a type assertion on an interface.
TypeAssertion interface {
PathStep
isTypeAssertion()
}
// StructField represents a struct field access on a field called Name.
StructField interface {
PathStep
Name() string
Index() int
isStructField()
}
// Indirect represents pointer indirection on the parent type.
Indirect interface {
PathStep
isIndirect()
}
// Transform is a transformation from the parent type to the current type.
Transform interface {
PathStep
Name() string
Func() reflect.Value
// Option returns the originally constructed Transformer option.
// The == operator can be used to detect the exact option used.
Option() Option
isTransform()
}
)
func (pa *Path) push(s PathStep) {
*pa = append(*pa, s)
}
func (pa *Path) pop() {
*pa = (*pa)[:len(*pa)-1]
}
// Last returns the last PathStep in the Path.
// If the path is empty, this returns a non-nil PathStep that reports a nil Type.
func (pa Path) Last() PathStep {
return pa.Index(-1)
}
// Index returns the ith step in the Path and supports negative indexing.
// A negative index starts counting from the tail of the Path such that -1
// refers to the last step, -2 refers to the second-to-last step, and so on.
// If index is invalid, this returns a non-nil PathStep that reports a nil Type.
func (pa Path) Index(i int) PathStep {
if i < 0 {
i = len(pa) + i
}
if i < 0 || i >= len(pa) {
return pathStep{}
}
return pa[i]
}
// String returns the simplified path to a node.
// The simplified path only contains struct field accesses.
//
// For example:
// MyMap.MySlices.MyField
func (pa Path) String() string {
var ss []string
for _, s := range pa {
if _, ok := s.(*structField); ok {
ss = append(ss, s.String())
}
}
return strings.TrimPrefix(strings.Join(ss, ""), ".")
}
// GoString returns the path to a specific node using Go syntax.
//
// For example:
// (*root.MyMap["key"].(*mypkg.MyStruct).MySlices)[2][3].MyField
func (pa Path) GoString() string {
var ssPre, ssPost []string
var numIndirect int
for i, s := range pa {
var nextStep PathStep
if i+1 < len(pa) {
nextStep = pa[i+1]
}
switch s := s.(type) {
case *indirect:
numIndirect++
pPre, pPost := "(", ")"
switch nextStep.(type) {
case *indirect:
continue // Next step is indirection, so let them batch up
case *structField:
numIndirect-- // Automatic indirection on struct fields
case nil:
pPre, pPost = "", "" // Last step; no need for parenthesis
}
if numIndirect > 0 {
ssPre = append(ssPre, pPre+strings.Repeat("*", numIndirect))
ssPost = append(ssPost, pPost)
}
numIndirect = 0
continue
case *transform:
ssPre = append(ssPre, s.trans.name+"(")
ssPost = append(ssPost, ")")
continue
case *typeAssertion:
// As a special-case, elide type assertions on anonymous types
// since they are typically generated dynamically and can be very
// verbose. For example, some transforms return interface{} because
// of Go's lack of generics, but typically take in and return the
// exact same concrete type.
if s.Type().PkgPath() == "" {
continue
}
}
ssPost = append(ssPost, s.String())
}
for i, j := 0, len(ssPre)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
ssPre[i], ssPre[j] = ssPre[j], ssPre[i]
}
return strings.Join(ssPre, "") + strings.Join(ssPost, "")
}
type (
pathStep struct {
typ reflect.Type
}
sliceIndex struct {
pathStep
xkey, ykey int
}
mapIndex struct {
pathStep
key reflect.Value
}
typeAssertion struct {
pathStep
}
structField struct {
pathStep
name string
idx int
// These fields are used for forcibly accessing an unexported field.
// pvx, pvy, and field are only valid if unexported is true.
unexported bool
force bool // Forcibly allow visibility
pvx, pvy reflect.Value // Parent values
field reflect.StructField // Field information
}
indirect struct {
pathStep
}
transform struct {
pathStep
trans *transformer
}
)
func (ps pathStep) Type() reflect.Type { return ps.typ }
func (ps pathStep) String() string {
if ps.typ == nil {
return "<nil>"
}
s := ps.typ.String()
if s == "" || strings.ContainsAny(s, "{}\n") {
return "root" // Type too simple or complex to print
}
return fmt.Sprintf("{%s}", s)
}
func (si sliceIndex) String() string {
switch {
case si.xkey == si.ykey:
return fmt.Sprintf("[%d]", si.xkey)
case si.ykey == -1:
// [5->?] means "I don't know where X[5] went"
return fmt.Sprintf("[%d->?]", si.xkey)
case si.xkey == -1:
// [?->3] means "I don't know where Y[3] came from"
return fmt.Sprintf("[?->%d]", si.ykey)
default:
// [5->3] means "X[5] moved to Y[3]"
return fmt.Sprintf("[%d->%d]", si.xkey, si.ykey)
}
}
func (mi mapIndex) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("[%#v]", mi.key) }
func (ta typeAssertion) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf(".(%v)", ta.typ) }
func (sf structField) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf(".%s", sf.name) }
func (in indirect) String() string { return "*" }
func (tf transform) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%s()", tf.trans.name) }
func (si sliceIndex) Key() int {
if si.xkey != si.ykey {
return -1
}
return si.xkey
}
func (si sliceIndex) SplitKeys() (x, y int) { return si.xkey, si.ykey }
func (mi mapIndex) Key() reflect.Value { return mi.key }
func (sf structField) Name() string { return sf.name }
func (sf structField) Index() int { return sf.idx }
func (tf transform) Name() string { return tf.trans.name }
func (tf transform) Func() reflect.Value { return tf.trans.fnc }
func (tf transform) Option() Option { return tf.trans }
func (pathStep) isPathStep() {}
func (sliceIndex) isSliceIndex() {}
func (mapIndex) isMapIndex() {}
func (typeAssertion) isTypeAssertion() {}
func (structField) isStructField() {}
func (indirect) isIndirect() {}
func (transform) isTransform() {}
var (
_ SliceIndex = sliceIndex{}
_ MapIndex = mapIndex{}
_ TypeAssertion = typeAssertion{}
_ StructField = structField{}
_ Indirect = indirect{}
_ Transform = transform{}
_ PathStep = sliceIndex{}
_ PathStep = mapIndex{}
_ PathStep = typeAssertion{}
_ PathStep = structField{}
_ PathStep = indirect{}
_ PathStep = transform{}
)
// isExported reports whether the identifier is exported.
func isExported(id string) bool {
r, _ := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(id)
return unicode.IsUpper(r)
}
// isValid reports whether the identifier is valid.
// Empty and underscore-only strings are not valid.
func isValid(id string) bool {
ok := id != "" && id != "_"
for j, c := range id {
ok = ok && (j > 0 || !unicode.IsDigit(c))
ok = ok && (c == '_' || unicode.IsLetter(c) || unicode.IsDigit(c))
}
return ok
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
package cmp
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
"strings"
"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/internal/value"
)
type defaultReporter struct {
Option
diffs []string // List of differences, possibly truncated
ndiffs int // Total number of differences
nbytes int // Number of bytes in diffs
nlines int // Number of lines in diffs
}
var _ reporter = (*defaultReporter)(nil)
func (r *defaultReporter) Report(x, y reflect.Value, eq bool, p Path) {
if eq {
return // Ignore equal results
}
const maxBytes = 4096
const maxLines = 256
r.ndiffs++
if r.nbytes < maxBytes && r.nlines < maxLines {
sx := value.Format(x, value.FormatConfig{UseStringer: true})
sy := value.Format(y, value.FormatConfig{UseStringer: true})
if sx == sy {
// Unhelpful output, so use more exact formatting.
sx = value.Format(x, value.FormatConfig{PrintPrimitiveType: true})
sy = value.Format(y, value.FormatConfig{PrintPrimitiveType: true})
}
s := fmt.Sprintf("%#v:\n\t-: %s\n\t+: %s\n", p, sx, sy)
r.diffs = append(r.diffs, s)
r.nbytes += len(s)
r.nlines += strings.Count(s, "\n")
}
}
func (r *defaultReporter) String() string {
s := strings.Join(r.diffs, "")
if r.ndiffs == len(r.diffs) {
return s
}
return fmt.Sprintf("%s... %d more differences ...", s, r.ndiffs-len(r.diffs))
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
// +build purego appengine js
package cmp
import "reflect"
const supportAllowUnexported = false
func unsafeRetrieveField(reflect.Value, reflect.StructField) reflect.Value {
panic("unsafeRetrieveField is not implemented")
}

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// Copyright 2017, The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE.md file.
// +build !purego,!appengine,!js
package cmp
import (
"reflect"
"unsafe"
)
const supportAllowUnexported = true
// unsafeRetrieveField uses unsafe to forcibly retrieve any field from a struct
// such that the value has read-write permissions.
//
// The parent struct, v, must be addressable, while f must be a StructField
// describing the field to retrieve.
func unsafeRetrieveField(v reflect.Value, f reflect.StructField) reflect.Value {
return reflect.NewAt(f.Type, unsafe.Pointer(v.UnsafeAddr()+f.Offset)).Elem()
}