Reorganize propagation code (shrink PR 381) (#444)

* Rename distributedcontext package to correlation

Correlation is the name we agreed upon.

* Move trace propagators to api/trace

The trace propagators tests had to be moved to a testtrace subpackage
to avoid import cycles between api/trace and internal/trace.

Needed to shut up golint about stutter in trace.TraceContext -
TraceContext is a name of a W3C spec, so this stutter is
expected. It's certainly still better than golint's suggestion of
having trace.Context.

* Rename api/propagators to api/propagation

This package will not contain any propagators in the long run, just
the interface definitions.

Co-authored-by: Joshua MacDonald <jmacd@users.noreply.github.com>

api/propagation/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright 2019, OpenTelemetry Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package propagation contains interface definition for BinaryFormat and
+// TextFormat propagators.
+package propagation // import "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/api/propagation"