package apis

// -------------------------------------------------------------------
// This middleware is ported from echo/middleware to minimize the breaking
// changes and differences in the API behavior from earlier PocketBase versions
// (https://github.com/labstack/echo/blob/ec5b858dab6105ab4c3ed2627d1ebdfb6ae1ecb8/middleware/cors.go).
//
// I doubt that this would matter for most cases, but the only major difference
// is that for non-supported routes this middleware doesn't return 405 and fallbacks
// to the default catch-all PocketBase route (aka. returns 404) to avoid
// the extra overhead of further hijacking and wrapping the Go default mux
// (https://github.com/golang/go/issues/65648#issuecomment-1955328807).
// -------------------------------------------------------------------

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	"github.com/pocketbase/pocketbase/core"
	"github.com/pocketbase/pocketbase/tools/hook"
)

const (
	DefaultCorsMiddlewareId       = "pbCors"
	DefaultCorsMiddlewarePriority = DefaultActivityLoggerMiddlewarePriority - 1 // before the activity logger and rate limit so that OPTIONS preflight requests are not counted
)

// CORSConfig defines the config for CORS middleware.
type CORSConfig struct {
	// AllowOrigins determines the value of the Access-Control-Allow-Origin
	// response header.  This header defines a list of origins that may access the
	// resource.  The wildcard characters '*' and '?' are supported and are
	// converted to regex fragments '.*' and '.' accordingly.
	//
	// Security: use extreme caution when handling the origin, and carefully
	// validate any logic. Remember that attackers may register hostile domain names.
	// See https://blog.portswigger.net/2016/10/exploiting-cors-misconfigurations-for.html
	//
	// Optional. Default value []string{"*"}.
	//
	// See also: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Allow-Origin
	AllowOrigins []string

	// AllowOriginFunc is a custom function to validate the origin. It takes the
	// origin as an argument and returns true if allowed or false otherwise. If
	// an error is returned, it is returned by the handler. If this option is
	// set, AllowOrigins is ignored.
	//
	// Security: use extreme caution when handling the origin, and carefully
	// validate any logic. Remember that attackers may register hostile domain names.
	// See https://blog.portswigger.net/2016/10/exploiting-cors-misconfigurations-for.html
	//
	// Optional.
	AllowOriginFunc func(origin string) (bool, error)

	// AllowMethods determines the value of the Access-Control-Allow-Methods
	// response header.  This header specified the list of methods allowed when
	// accessing the resource.  This is used in response to a preflight request.
	//
	// Optional. Default value DefaultCORSConfig.AllowMethods.
	//
	// See also: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Allow-Methods
	AllowMethods []string

	// AllowHeaders determines the value of the Access-Control-Allow-Headers
	// response header.  This header is used in response to a preflight request to
	// indicate which HTTP headers can be used when making the actual request.
	//
	// Optional. Default value []string{}.
	//
	// See also: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Allow-Headers
	AllowHeaders []string

	// AllowCredentials determines the value of the
	// Access-Control-Allow-Credentials response header.  This header indicates
	// whether or not the response to the request can be exposed when the
	// credentials mode (Request.credentials) is true. When used as part of a
	// response to a preflight request, this indicates whether or not the actual
	// request can be made using credentials.  See also
	// [MDN: Access-Control-Allow-Credentials].
	//
	// Optional. Default value false, in which case the header is not set.
	//
	// Security: avoid using `AllowCredentials = true` with `AllowOrigins = *`.
	// See "Exploiting CORS misconfigurations for Bitcoins and bounties",
	// https://blog.portswigger.net/2016/10/exploiting-cors-misconfigurations-for.html
	//
	// See also: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Allow-Credentials
	AllowCredentials bool

	// UnsafeWildcardOriginWithAllowCredentials UNSAFE/INSECURE: allows wildcard '*' origin to be used with AllowCredentials
	// flag. In that case we consider any origin allowed and send it back to the client with `Access-Control-Allow-Origin` header.
	//
	// This is INSECURE and potentially leads to [cross-origin](https://portswigger.net/research/exploiting-cors-misconfigurations-for-bitcoins-and-bounties)
	// attacks. See: https://github.com/labstack/echo/issues/2400 for discussion on the subject.
	//
	// Optional. Default value is false.
	UnsafeWildcardOriginWithAllowCredentials bool

	// ExposeHeaders determines the value of Access-Control-Expose-Headers, which
	// defines a list of headers that clients are allowed to access.
	//
	// Optional. Default value []string{}, in which case the header is not set.
	//
	// See also: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Expose-Header
	ExposeHeaders []string

	// MaxAge determines the value of the Access-Control-Max-Age response header.
	// This header indicates how long (in seconds) the results of a preflight
	// request can be cached.
	// The header is set only if MaxAge != 0, negative value sends "0" which instructs browsers not to cache that response.
	//
	// Optional. Default value 0 - meaning header is not sent.
	//
	// See also: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Max-Age
	MaxAge int
}

// DefaultCORSConfig is the default CORS middleware config.
var DefaultCORSConfig = CORSConfig{
	AllowOrigins: []string{"*"},
	AllowMethods: []string{http.MethodGet, http.MethodHead, http.MethodPut, http.MethodPatch, http.MethodPost, http.MethodDelete},
}

// CORS returns a CORS middleware.
func CORS(config CORSConfig) *hook.Handler[*core.RequestEvent] {
	// Defaults
	if len(config.AllowOrigins) == 0 {
		config.AllowOrigins = DefaultCORSConfig.AllowOrigins
	}
	if len(config.AllowMethods) == 0 {
		config.AllowMethods = DefaultCORSConfig.AllowMethods
	}

	allowOriginPatterns := make([]*regexp.Regexp, 0, len(config.AllowOrigins))
	for _, origin := range config.AllowOrigins {
		if origin == "*" {
			continue // "*" is handled differently and does not need regexp
		}

		pattern := regexp.QuoteMeta(origin)
		pattern = strings.ReplaceAll(pattern, "\\*", ".*")
		pattern = strings.ReplaceAll(pattern, "\\?", ".")
		pattern = "^" + pattern + "$"

		re, err := regexp.Compile(pattern)
		if err != nil {
			// This is to preserve previous behaviour - invalid patterns were just ignored.
			// If we would turn this to panic, users with invalid patterns
			// would have applications crashing in production due unrecovered panic.
			log.Println("invalid AllowOrigins pattern", origin)
			continue
		}
		allowOriginPatterns = append(allowOriginPatterns, re)
	}

	allowMethods := strings.Join(config.AllowMethods, ",")
	allowHeaders := strings.Join(config.AllowHeaders, ",")
	exposeHeaders := strings.Join(config.ExposeHeaders, ",")

	maxAge := "0"
	if config.MaxAge > 0 {
		maxAge = strconv.Itoa(config.MaxAge)
	}

	return &hook.Handler[*core.RequestEvent]{
		Id:       DefaultCorsMiddlewareId,
		Priority: DefaultCorsMiddlewarePriority,
		Func: func(e *core.RequestEvent) error {
			req := e.Request
			res := e.Response
			origin := req.Header.Get("Origin")
			allowOrigin := ""

			res.Header().Add("Vary", "Origin")

			// Preflight request is an OPTIONS request, using three HTTP request headers: Access-Control-Request-Method,
			// Access-Control-Request-Headers, and the Origin header. See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Preflight_request
			// For simplicity we just consider method type and later `Origin` header.
			preflight := req.Method == http.MethodOptions

			// No Origin provided. This is (probably) not request from actual browser - proceed executing middleware chain
			if origin == "" {
				if !preflight {
					return e.Next()
				}
				return e.NoContent(http.StatusNoContent)
			}

			if config.AllowOriginFunc != nil {
				allowed, err := config.AllowOriginFunc(origin)
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				if allowed {
					allowOrigin = origin
				}
			} else {
				// Check allowed origins
				for _, o := range config.AllowOrigins {
					if o == "*" && config.AllowCredentials && config.UnsafeWildcardOriginWithAllowCredentials {
						allowOrigin = origin
						break
					}
					if o == "*" || o == origin {
						allowOrigin = o
						break
					}
					if matchSubdomain(origin, o) {
						allowOrigin = origin
						break
					}
				}

				checkPatterns := false
				if allowOrigin == "" {
					// to avoid regex cost by invalid (long) domains (253 is domain name max limit)
					if len(origin) <= (253+3+5) && strings.Contains(origin, "://") {
						checkPatterns = true
					}
				}
				if checkPatterns {
					for _, re := range allowOriginPatterns {
						if match := re.MatchString(origin); match {
							allowOrigin = origin
							break
						}
					}
				}
			}

			// Origin not allowed
			if allowOrigin == "" {
				if !preflight {
					return e.Next()
				}
				return e.NoContent(http.StatusNoContent)
			}

			res.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", allowOrigin)
			if config.AllowCredentials {
				res.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true")
			}

			// Simple request
			if !preflight {
				if exposeHeaders != "" {
					res.Header().Set("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", exposeHeaders)
				}
				return e.Next()
			}

			// Preflight request
			res.Header().Add("Vary", "Access-Control-Request-Method")
			res.Header().Add("Vary", "Access-Control-Request-Headers")
			res.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", allowMethods)

			if allowHeaders != "" {
				res.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", allowHeaders)
			} else {
				h := req.Header.Get("Access-Control-Request-Headers")
				if h != "" {
					res.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", h)
				}
			}
			if config.MaxAge != 0 {
				res.Header().Set("Access-Control-Max-Age", maxAge)
			}

			return e.NoContent(http.StatusNoContent)
		},
	}
}

func matchScheme(domain, pattern string) bool {
	didx := strings.Index(domain, ":")
	pidx := strings.Index(pattern, ":")
	return didx != -1 && pidx != -1 && domain[:didx] == pattern[:pidx]
}

// matchSubdomain compares authority with wildcard
func matchSubdomain(domain, pattern string) bool {
	if !matchScheme(domain, pattern) {
		return false
	}

	didx := strings.Index(domain, "://")
	pidx := strings.Index(pattern, "://")
	if didx == -1 || pidx == -1 {
		return false
	}
	domAuth := domain[didx+3:]
	// to avoid long loop by invalid long domain
	if len(domAuth) > 253 {
		return false
	}
	patAuth := pattern[pidx+3:]

	domComp := strings.Split(domAuth, ".")
	patComp := strings.Split(patAuth, ".")
	for i := len(domComp)/2 - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		opp := len(domComp) - 1 - i
		domComp[i], domComp[opp] = domComp[opp], domComp[i]
	}
	for i := len(patComp)/2 - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		opp := len(patComp) - 1 - i
		patComp[i], patComp[opp] = patComp[opp], patComp[i]
	}

	for i, v := range domComp {
		if len(patComp) <= i {
			return false
		}
		p := patComp[i]
		if p == "*" {
			return true
		}
		if p != v {
			return false
		}
	}

	return false
}