2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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***********************
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HTTPie: cURL for Humans
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***********************
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2012-08-07 01:13:27 +03:00
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v0.2.8dev
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☞ `README for stable version`_
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2012-07-26 11:03:34 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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HTTPie is a **command line HTTP client** whose goal is to make CLI interaction
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with HTTP-based services as **human-friendly** as possible. It provides a
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simple ``http`` command that allows for sending arbitrary HTTP requests with a
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simple and natural syntax, and displays colorized responses. HTTPie can be used
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for **testing, debugging**, and generally **interacting** with HTTP servers.
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2012-03-04 13:54:27 +03:00
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2012-03-05 02:48:06 +03:00
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.. image:: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/raw/master/httpie.png
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:alt: HTTPie compared to cURL
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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:width: 835
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:height: 835
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HTTPie is written in Python, and under the hood it uses the excellent
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2012-08-07 15:49:43 +03:00
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`Requests`_ for HTTP and `Pygments`_ for colorizing.
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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**Table of Contents**
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.. contents::
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:local:
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:depth: 1
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:backlinks: none
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2012-02-25 15:39:38 +03:00
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2012-02-25 16:42:06 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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=============
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Main Features
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=============
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2012-02-25 15:39:38 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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* Expressive and intuitive syntax
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* Formatted and colorized terminal output
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* Built-in JSON support
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* Forms and file uploads
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2012-08-07 15:49:43 +03:00
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* HTTPS, proxies, and authentication
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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* Arbitrary request data
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* Custom headers
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* Python 2.6 and Python 3 support
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* Linux, Mac OS X and Windows support
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* Documentation
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* Test coverage
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2012-03-04 04:26:41 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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============
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2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
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Installation
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============
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2012-03-04 04:26:41 +03:00
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2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
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The latest **stable version** of HTTPie can always be installed or updated
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to via `pip`_ (prefered)
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2012-07-30 14:51:28 +03:00
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or ``easy_install``:
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ pip install -U httpie
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2012-07-20 23:09:53 +03:00
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2012-07-27 19:08:33 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ easy_install httpie
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2012-03-05 02:48:06 +03:00
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2012-07-30 14:51:28 +03:00
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2012-03-05 02:48:06 +03:00
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Or, you can install the **development version** directly from GitHub:
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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2012-03-05 02:48:06 +03:00
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.. image:: https://secure.travis-ci.org/jkbr/httpie.png
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:target: http://travis-ci.org/jkbr/httpie
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:alt: Build Status of the master branch
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2012-03-04 04:26:41 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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.. code-block:: bash
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2012-02-25 15:39:38 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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$ pip install -U https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/tarball/master
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2012-07-11 16:32:00 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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There are also packages available for `Ubuntu`_, `Debian`_, and possibly other
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Linux distributions as well.
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2012-08-07 15:49:43 +03:00
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=====
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Usage
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=====
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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Hello World:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ http httpie.org
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Synopsis:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ http [flags] [METHOD] URL [ITEM [ITEM]]
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See also ``http --help``.
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--------
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Examples
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--------
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Send a ``HEAD`` request:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ http HEAD example.org
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Submit a form:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ http --form POST example.org hello=World
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Send a ``PUT`` request with a custom header and some JSON data:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ http PUT example.org X-API-Token:123 name='David Bowie'
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See the request that is being sent:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ http --verbose example.org
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Use `Github API`_ to post a comment on an issue:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ http -a USERNAME POST https://api.github.com/repos/jkbr/httpie/issues/83/comments body='HTTPie is awesome!'
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Upload a file:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ http example.org < file.json
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Download a file:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ http example.org/file > file
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============
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HTTP Method
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============
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The name of the HTTP method comes right before the URL argument:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ http DELETE example.org/todos/7
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It makes the command look similar to the actual ``Request-Line`` that is sent:
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.. code-block:: http
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DELETE /todos/7 HTTP/1.1
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2012-03-05 02:48:06 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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When the ``METHOD`` argument is **omitted** from the command, HTTPie defaults to
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2012-08-07 15:49:43 +03:00
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either ``GET`` (with no request data) or ``POST`` (with request data).
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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===========
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Request URL
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===========
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The only information HTTPie needs to perform a request is a URL.
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The default scheme is, somewhat unsurprisingly, ``http://``,
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and can be omitted from the argument – ``http example.org`` works just fine.
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If find yourself manually constructing URLs with **querystring parameters**
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on the terminal, you may appreciate the ``param==value`` syntax for appending
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URL parameters so that you don't have to worry about escaping the ``&``
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separators. To search for ``HTTPie`` on Google Images you could use this
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command:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ http GET www.google.com search==HTTPie tbm==isch
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.. code-block:: http
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GET /?search=HTTPie&tbm=isch HTTP/1.1
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=============
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Request Items
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=============
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There are five different *request item* types that provide a
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convenient mechanism for specifying HTTP headers, simple JSON and
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form data, files, and URL parameters.
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They are key/value pairs specified after the URL. All have in
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common that they become part of the actual request that is sent and that
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their type is distinguished only by the separator used:
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``:``, ``=``, ``:=``, ``@``, and ``==``.
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+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
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| Item Type | Description |
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+=======================+=====================================================+
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| HTTP Headers | Arbitrary HTTP header, e.g. ``X-API-Token:123``. |
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| ``Name:Value`` | |
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+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
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| URL parameters | Appends the given name/value pair as a query |
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| ``name==value`` | string parameter to the URL. |
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+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
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| Data Fields | Request data fields to be serialized as a JSON |
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| ``field=value`` | object (default), or to be form encoded (``--form`` |
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| | / ``-f``). |
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+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
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| Raw JSON fields | Useful when sending JSON and one or |
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| ``field:=json`` | more fields need to be a ``Boolean``, ``Number``, |
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| | nested ``Object``, or an ``Array``, e.g., |
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| | ``meals:='["ham","spam"]'`` or ``pies:=[1,2,3]`` |
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| | (note the quotes). |
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+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
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| Files | Only available with ``-f`` / ``--form``. |
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| ``field@/dir/file`` | For example ``screenshot@~/Pictures/img.png``. |
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| | The presence of a file field results |
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| | in a ``multipart/form-data`` request. |
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+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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You can use ``\`` to escape characters that shouldn't be used as separators
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(or parts thereof). e.g., ``foo\==bar`` will become a data key/value
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pair (``foo=`` and ``bar``) instead of a URL parameter.
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2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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No that data fields aren't the only way to specify request data,
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`redirected input`_ allows passing arbitrary data to be sent with the request.
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2012-07-19 05:16:33 +03:00
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2012-03-15 00:55:09 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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====
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JSON
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====
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JSON is the *lingua franca* of modern web services and it is also the
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**default content type** HTTPie uses:
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2012-07-30 14:51:28 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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If your command includes some data items, they are serialized as a JSON
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object by default. HTTPie also automatically sets the following headers,
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both of which can be overwritten:
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2012-03-05 02:48:06 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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================ =======================================
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``Content-Type`` ``application/json; charset=utf-8``
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``Accept`` ``application/json``
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================ =======================================
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2012-03-05 02:48:06 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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You can use ``--json`` / ``-j`` to set ``Accept`` to ``application/json``
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regardless of whether you are sending data (it's a shortcut for using setting
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the header via the usual header notation –
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``http url Accept:application/json``).
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2012-07-30 14:51:28 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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Simple example:
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2012-02-25 15:47:23 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ http PUT example.org name=John email=john@example.org
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.. code-block:: http
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PUT / HTTP/1.1
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Accept: application/json
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Accept-Encoding: identity, deflate, compress, gzip
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Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
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Host: example.org
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User-Agent: HTTPie/0.2.7dev
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{
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"name": "John",
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"email": "john@example.org"
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}
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Non-string fields use the ``:=`` separator, which allows you to embed raw JSON
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into the resulting object:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ http PUT api.example.com/person/1 name=John age:=29 married:=false hobbies:='["http", "pies"]'
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2012-02-25 15:47:23 +03:00
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2012-02-27 13:54:41 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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.. code-block:: http
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2012-03-04 04:26:41 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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PUT /person/1 HTTP/1.1
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Accept: application/json
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Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
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Host: api.example.com
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User-Agent: HTTPie/0.2.7dev
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{
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"age": 29,
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"hobbies": [
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"http",
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"pies"
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],
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"married": false,
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"name": "John"
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}
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=====
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Forms
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=====
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Submitting forms is very similar to sending `JSON`_ requests. Often the only
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difference is in adding the ``--form`` / ``-f`` option, which ensures that
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data fields are serialized and ``Content-Type`` is set to
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``application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8``.
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-------------
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Regular Forms
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-------------
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ http --form POST api.example.org/person/1 name='John Smith' email=john@example.org
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.. code-block:: http
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POST /person/1 HTTP/1.1
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User-Agent: HTTPie/0.2.7dev
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2012-03-05 02:48:06 +03:00
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Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8
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2012-03-04 04:26:41 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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name=John+Smith&email=john%40example.org
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-----------------
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File Upload Forms
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-----------------
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When one or more file fields are present, the content type is
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``multipart/form-data``:
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2012-03-04 04:26:41 +03:00
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2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
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|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
2012-07-30 14:51:28 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
$ http -f POST example.com/jobs name='John Smith' cv@~/Documents/cv.pdf
|
2012-03-14 14:17:39 +03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
The request above is the same as if the following HTML form were
|
2012-07-30 14:51:28 +03:00
|
|
|
submitted:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: html
|
2012-03-14 14:17:39 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-03-15 00:55:09 +03:00
|
|
|
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="http://example.com/jobs">
|
|
|
|
<input type="text" name="name" />
|
2012-03-14 14:17:39 +03:00
|
|
|
<input type="file" name="cv" />
|
|
|
|
</form>
|
|
|
|
|
2012-07-30 14:51:28 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
HTTP Headers
|
|
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To set custom headers you can use the ``Header:Value`` notation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ http example.org User-Agent:Bacon/1.0 Cookie:valued-visitor=yes X-Foo:Bar Referer:http://httpie.org/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: http
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GET / HTTP/1.1
|
|
|
|
Accept: */*
|
|
|
|
Accept-Encoding: identity, deflate, compress, gzip
|
|
|
|
Cookie: valued-visitor=yes
|
|
|
|
Host: example.org
|
|
|
|
Referer: http://httpie.org/
|
|
|
|
User-Agent: Bacon/1.0
|
|
|
|
X-Foo: Bar
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are a couple of default headers that HTTPie sets, but they can easily
|
|
|
|
be overwritten:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: http
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GET / HTTP/1.1
|
|
|
|
Accept: */*
|
|
|
|
Accept-Encoding: identity, deflate, compress, gzip
|
|
|
|
User-Agent: HTTPie/<version>
|
|
|
|
Host: <taken-from-URL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-08-07 15:49:43 +03:00
|
|
|
==============
|
|
|
|
Authentication
|
|
|
|
==============
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-07 15:49:43 +03:00
|
|
|
The currently supported authentication schemes are Basic and Digest (more to
|
|
|
|
come). There are two flags that control authentication:
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================== ======================================================
|
|
|
|
``--auth, -a`` Pass a ``username:password`` pair as
|
|
|
|
the argument. Or, if you only specify a username
|
|
|
|
(``-a username``), you'll be prompted for
|
|
|
|
the password before the request is sent.
|
|
|
|
To send a an empty password, pass ``username:``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``--auth-type`` Specify the auth mechanism. Possible values are
|
|
|
|
``basic`` and ``digest``. The default value is
|
|
|
|
``basic`` so it can often be omitted.
|
|
|
|
=================== ======================================================
|
2012-07-19 05:16:33 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-07 15:49:43 +03:00
|
|
|
Authorization information from ``.netrc`` is respected as well.
|
2012-07-19 05:16:33 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
Basic auth:
|
2012-07-30 14:51:28 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-02-25 15:39:38 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
2012-02-25 15:47:23 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
$ http -a username:password example.org
|
2012-07-30 14:51:28 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-06-25 15:50:49 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
Digest auth:
|
2012-06-25 15:50:49 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-07-30 14:51:28 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
2012-06-25 15:50:49 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
$ http --auth-type=digest -a username:password example.org
|
2012-06-25 15:50:49 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-07-30 14:51:28 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
With password prompt:
|
2012-07-28 06:45:44 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
2012-07-24 02:09:14 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
$ http -a username example.org
|
2012-07-30 14:51:28 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-06-29 01:45:31 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-07 15:49:43 +03:00
|
|
|
=======
|
|
|
|
Proxies
|
|
|
|
=======
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can specify proxies to be used through the ``--proxy`` argument:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
http --proxy=http:10.10.1.10:3128 --https:10.10.1.10:1080 example.org
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
With Basic authentication:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
http --proxy=http:http://user:pass@10.10.1.10:3128 example.org
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can also configure proxies by environment variables ``HTTP_PROXY`` and
|
|
|
|
``HTTPS_PROXY``, and the underlying Requests library will pick them up as well.
|
2012-08-07 16:01:04 +03:00
|
|
|
If you want to disable proxies configured through the environment variables for
|
2012-08-07 15:49:43 +03:00
|
|
|
certain hosts, you can specify them in ``NO_PROXY``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In your ``~/.bash_profile``:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
export HTTP_PROXY=10.10.1.10:3128
|
|
|
|
export HTTPS_PROXY=10.10.1.10:1080
|
|
|
|
export NO_PROXY=localhost,example.com
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-08-07 16:25:24 +03:00
|
|
|
=====
|
|
|
|
HTTPS
|
|
|
|
=====
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To skip the host's SSL certificate verification, you can pass ``--verify=no``.
|
|
|
|
You can also specify a custom CA bundle path using the same option. The same
|
|
|
|
can also be done via the environment variable ``REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
==============
|
|
|
|
Output Options
|
|
|
|
==============
|
2012-06-29 01:45:31 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
By default, HTTPie outputs the whole response message (headers as well as the
|
|
|
|
body).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can control what should be printed via several options:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
================= =====================================================
|
|
|
|
``--headers, -h`` Only the response headers are printed.
|
|
|
|
``--body, -b`` Only the response body is printed.
|
|
|
|
``--verbose, -v`` Print the whole HTTP exchange (request and response).
|
|
|
|
``--print, -p`` Selects parts of the HTTP exchange.
|
|
|
|
================= =====================================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``--verbose`` can often be useful for debugging the request and generating
|
|
|
|
documentation examples:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ http --verbose PUT httpbin.org/put hello=world
|
|
|
|
PUT /put HTTP/1.1
|
|
|
|
Accept: application/json
|
|
|
|
Accept-Encoding: identity, deflate, compress, gzip
|
|
|
|
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
|
|
|
|
Host: httpbin.org
|
|
|
|
User-Agent: HTTPie/0.2.7dev
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
"hello": "world"
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
|
|
|
Connection: keep-alive
|
|
|
|
Content-Length: 477
|
|
|
|
Content-Type: application/json
|
|
|
|
Date: Sun, 05 Aug 2012 00:25:23 GMT
|
|
|
|
Server: gunicorn/0.13.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
[…]
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All the other options are just a shortcut for ``--print`` / ``-p``.
|
|
|
|
It accepts a string of characters each of which represents a specific part of
|
|
|
|
the HTTP exchange:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
========== ==================
|
|
|
|
Character Stands for
|
|
|
|
========== ==================
|
|
|
|
``H`` Request headers.
|
|
|
|
``B`` Request body.
|
|
|
|
``h`` Response headers.
|
|
|
|
``b`` Response body.
|
|
|
|
========== ==================
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Print both the request and response headers:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ http --print=Hh PUT httpbin.org/put hello=world
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
|
|
Conditional Body Download
|
|
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As an optimization, the response body is downloaded from the server
|
|
|
|
only if it's part of the output. This is similar to performing a ``HEAD``
|
|
|
|
request, except that it applies to any HTTP method you use.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Let's say that there is an API that returns the whole resource when it is
|
|
|
|
updated, but you are only interested in the response headers to see the
|
|
|
|
status code after the update:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ http --headers PATCH example.org/Really-Huge-Resource name='New Name'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Since we are only printing the HTTP headers here, the connection to server
|
|
|
|
is closed as soon as all the response headers have been received.
|
|
|
|
Therefore, bandwidth and time isn't wasted downloading the body
|
|
|
|
which you don't care about.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The response headers are downloaded always, even if they are not part of
|
|
|
|
the output
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
Redirected Input
|
|
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**A universal method for passing request data is through redirected** ``stdin``
|
|
|
|
(standard input). Such data is buffered and then with no further processing
|
|
|
|
used as the request body. There are multiple useful ways to use piping:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Redirect from a file:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ http PUT example.com/person/1 X-API-Token:123 < person.json
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Or the output of another program:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ grep /var/log/httpd/error_log '401 Unauthorized' | http POST example.org/intruders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can use ``echo`` for simple data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ echo '{"name": "John"}' | http PATCH example.com/person/1 X-API-Token:123
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can even pipe web services together using HTTPie:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ http GET https://api.github.com/repos/jkbr/httpie | http POST httpbin.org/post
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can use ``cat`` to enter multiline data on the terminal:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ cat | http POST example.com⏎
|
|
|
|
<paste>
|
|
|
|
^D
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ cat | http POST example.com/todos Content-Type:text/plain⏎
|
|
|
|
- buy milk
|
|
|
|
- call parents
|
|
|
|
^D
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On OS X, you can send the contents of the clipboard with ``pbpaste``:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ pbpaste | http PUT example.com
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Passing data through ``stdin`` cannot be combined with data fields specified
|
|
|
|
on the command line.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
|
|
Body Data From a Filename
|
|
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**An alternative to redirected** ``stdin`` is specifying a filename (as
|
|
|
|
``@/path/to/file``) whose content is used as if it came from ``stdin``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
It has the advantage that **the** ``Content-Type``
|
|
|
|
**header will automatically be set** to the appropriate value based on the
|
|
|
|
filename extension. For example, the following request sends the
|
|
|
|
verbatim contents of that XML file with ``Content-Type: application/xml``:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ http PUT httpbin.org/put @/data/file.xml
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
Terminal Output
|
|
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HTTPie does several things by default to make its terminal output easy to read.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
Colors and Formatting
|
|
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Syntax highlighting is applied to HTTP headers and bodies (where it makes
|
|
|
|
sense). Also, the following formatting is used:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* HTTP headers are sorted by name.
|
|
|
|
* JSON data is indented, sorted by keys, and unicode escapes are converted
|
|
|
|
to the characters they represent.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Colorizing and formatting can be disabled with ``--ugly, -u``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
Binary data
|
|
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Binary data is suppressed for terminal output, which makes it safe to perform
|
|
|
|
requests to URLs send back binary data. Binary data is suppressed also in
|
|
|
|
redirected, but prettified output. The connection is closed as soon as we know
|
|
|
|
that the response body is binary,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
http example.org/File.mov
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You will immediately see something like this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: http
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
|
|
|
Accept-Ranges: bytes
|
|
|
|
Content-Encoding: gzip
|
|
|
|
Content-Type: video/quicktime
|
|
|
|
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+-----------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
| NOTE: binary data not shown in terminal |
|
|
|
|
+-----------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
Redirected Output
|
|
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HTTPie uses **different defaults** for redirected output than for
|
|
|
|
`terminal output`_:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Formatting and colors aren't applied (unless ``--pretty`` is set).
|
|
|
|
* Only the response body is printed (unless one of the `output options`_ is set).
|
|
|
|
* Also, binary data isn't suppressed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The reason is to make piping HTTPie's output to another programs and
|
|
|
|
downloading files work with no extra flags. Most of the time, only the raw
|
|
|
|
response body is of an interest when the output is redirected.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Download a file:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ http example.org/Movie.mov > Movie.mov
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Download an image of Octocat, resize it using ImageMagick, upload it elsewhere:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ http octodex.github.com/images/original.jpg | convert - -resize 25% - | http example.org/Octocats
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Force colorizing and formatting, and show both the request and response in
|
|
|
|
``less`` pager:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ http --pretty --verbose example.org | less -R
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
==================
|
|
|
|
Streamed Responses
|
|
|
|
==================
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Responses are downloaded and printed in chunks, which allows for streaming
|
|
|
|
and large file downloads without using too much RAM. However, when
|
|
|
|
`colors and formatting`_ are applied, the whole response is buffered and only
|
|
|
|
then processed at once.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can use the ``--stream, -S`` flag to make two things happen:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. The output is flushed in **much smaller chunks** without any buffering,
|
|
|
|
which makes HTTPie behave kind of like ``tail -f`` for URLs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. Streaming becomes enabled even when the output is prettified: It will be
|
|
|
|
applied to **each line** of the response and flushed immediately. This makes
|
|
|
|
it possible to have a nice output of long-lived requests, such as one
|
|
|
|
to the Twitter streaming API.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prettified streamed response:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ http --stream -f -a YOUR-TWITTER-NAME https://stream.twitter.com/1/statuses/filter.json track='Justin Bieber'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Streamed output by small chunks:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Send each new tweet (JSON object) mentioning "Apple" to another
|
|
|
|
# server as soon as it arrives from the Twitter streaming API:
|
|
|
|
$ http --stream -f -a YOUR-TWITTER-NAME https://stream.twitter.com/1/statuses/filter.json track=Apple \
|
|
|
|
| while read tweet; do echo "$tweet" | http POST example.org/tweets ; done
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=========
|
|
|
|
Scripting
|
|
|
|
=========
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When using HTTPie from **shell scripts**, it can be handy to set the
|
2012-07-24 02:09:14 +03:00
|
|
|
``--check-status`` flag. It instructs HTTPie to exit with an error if the
|
|
|
|
HTTP status is one of ``3xx``, ``4xx``, or ``5xx``. The exit status will
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
be ``3`` (unless ``--allow-redirects`` is set), ``4``, or ``5``,
|
2012-07-30 14:51:28 +03:00
|
|
|
respectively:
|
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
2012-07-24 02:09:14 +03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#!/bin/bash
|
|
|
|
|
2012-07-24 02:17:07 +03:00
|
|
|
if http --check-status HEAD example.org/health &> /dev/null; then
|
2012-07-24 02:09:14 +03:00
|
|
|
echo 'OK!'
|
|
|
|
else
|
|
|
|
case $? in
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
3) echo 'Unexpected HTTP 3xx Redirection!' ;;
|
|
|
|
4) echo 'HTTP 4xx Client Error!' ;;
|
|
|
|
5) echo 'HTTP 5xx Server Error!' ;;
|
2012-07-24 02:09:14 +03:00
|
|
|
*) echo 'Other Error!' ;;
|
|
|
|
esac
|
|
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
|
2012-08-03 02:01:15 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
Interface Design
|
|
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The syntax of the command arguments closely corresponds to the actual HTTP
|
|
|
|
requests sent over the wire. It has the advantage that it's easy to remember
|
|
|
|
and read. It is often possible to translate an HTTP request to an HTTPie
|
|
|
|
argument list just by inlining the request elements. For example, compare this
|
|
|
|
HTTP request:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: http
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
POST /collection HTTP/1.1
|
|
|
|
X-API-Key: 123
|
|
|
|
User-Agent: Bacon/1.0
|
|
|
|
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
name=value&name2=value2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
with the HTTPie command that sends it:
|
2012-03-04 15:33:18 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ http -f POST example.org/collection \
|
|
|
|
X-API-Key:123 \
|
|
|
|
User-Agent:Bacon/1.0 \
|
|
|
|
name=value \
|
|
|
|
name2=value2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notice that both the order of elements and the syntax is very similar,
|
|
|
|
and that only a small portion of the command is used to control HTTPie and
|
|
|
|
doesn't directly correspond to any part of the request (here it's only ``-f``
|
|
|
|
asking HTTPie to send a form request).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The two modes, ``--pretty, -p`` (default for terminal) and ``--ugly, -u``
|
|
|
|
(default for redirected output), allow for both user-friendly interactive use
|
|
|
|
and usage from scripts, where HTTPie serves as a generic HTTP client.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
==========
|
2012-06-15 18:13:40 +03:00
|
|
|
Contribute
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
==========
|
2012-03-04 18:39:57 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
Bug reports and code and documentation patches are greatly appretiated. You can
|
|
|
|
also help by using the development version of HTTPie and reporting any bugs you
|
|
|
|
might encounter.
|
2012-03-04 18:39:57 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
Before working on a new feature or a bug, please browse the `existing issues`_
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
to see whether it has been previously discussed. If the change in question
|
|
|
|
is a bigger one, it's always good to discuss before your starting working on
|
|
|
|
it.
|
2012-06-15 18:13:40 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
Then fork and clone `the repository`_.
|
2012-06-15 18:13:40 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
It's very useful to point the ``http`` command to your local branch during
|
|
|
|
development. To do so, install HTTPie with ``pip`` in editable mode:
|
2012-07-30 14:58:13 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
2012-07-24 02:09:14 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
$ pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall --editable .
|
2012-07-24 02:09:14 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-07-30 14:58:13 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
Please run the existing suite of tests before a pull request is submitted:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
2012-06-15 18:13:40 +03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
python setup.py test
|
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
`Tox`_ can also be used to conveniently run tests in all of the
|
2012-07-30 14:58:13 +03:00
|
|
|
`supported Python environments`_:
|
|
|
|
|
2012-08-07 15:49:43 +03:00
|
|
|
.. code-block:: bash
|
2012-06-15 18:13:40 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-06-15 18:32:45 +03:00
|
|
|
# Install tox
|
2012-06-15 18:13:40 +03:00
|
|
|
pip install tox
|
2012-06-15 18:32:45 +03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Run tests
|
|
|
|
tox
|
2012-03-04 18:39:57 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-07-30 13:10:19 +03:00
|
|
|
Don't forget to add yourself to `AUTHORS`_.
|
|
|
|
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
=======
|
2012-07-30 14:51:28 +03:00
|
|
|
Authors
|
|
|
|
=======
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`Jakub Roztocil`_ (`@jakubroztocil`_) created HTTPie and `these fine people`_
|
|
|
|
have contributed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
=======
|
|
|
|
Licence
|
|
|
|
=======
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Please see `LICENSE`_.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=========
|
2012-03-05 02:48:06 +03:00
|
|
|
Changelog
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
=========
|
2012-03-04 15:33:18 +03:00
|
|
|
|
2012-08-07 01:12:47 +03:00
|
|
|
* `0.2.8dev`_
|
|
|
|
* `0.2.7`_ (2012-08-07)
|
2012-08-07 01:07:04 +03:00
|
|
|
* Compatibility with Requests 0.13.6.
|
2012-08-03 02:01:15 +03:00
|
|
|
* Streamed terminal output. ``--stream`` / ``-S`` can be used to enable
|
|
|
|
streaming also with ``--pretty`` and to ensure a more frequent output
|
|
|
|
flushing.
|
2012-08-02 00:21:52 +03:00
|
|
|
* Support for efficient large file downloads.
|
2012-08-04 17:46:39 +03:00
|
|
|
* Sort headers by name (unless ``--ugly``).
|
2012-08-01 22:13:50 +03:00
|
|
|
* Response body is fetched only when needed (e.g., not with ``--headers``).
|
2012-08-02 00:51:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* Improved content type matching.
|
2012-07-30 15:23:22 +03:00
|
|
|
* Updated Solarized color scheme.
|
2012-07-30 11:58:16 +03:00
|
|
|
* Windows: Added ``--output FILE`` to store output into a file
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
(piping results in corrupted data on Windows).
|
2012-07-28 06:45:44 +03:00
|
|
|
* Proper handling of binary requests and responses.
|
|
|
|
* Fixed printing of ``multipart/form-data`` requests.
|
|
|
|
* Renamed ``--traceback`` to ``--debug``.
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* `0.2.6`_ (2012-07-26)
|
|
|
|
* The short option for ``--headers`` is now ``-h`` (``-t`` has been
|
|
|
|
removed, for usage use ``--help``).
|
|
|
|
* Form data and URL parameters can have multiple fields with the same name
|
2012-07-24 18:22:04 +03:00
|
|
|
(e.g.,``http -f url a=1 a=2``).
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* Added ``--check-status`` to exit with an error on HTTP 3xx, 4xx and
|
|
|
|
5xx (3, 4, and 5, respectively).
|
2012-07-21 00:43:04 +03:00
|
|
|
* If the output is piped to another program or redirected to a file,
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
the default behaviour is to only print the response body.
|
2012-07-26 01:26:23 +03:00
|
|
|
(It can still be overwritten via the ``--print`` flag.)
|
|
|
|
* Improved highlighting of HTTP headers.
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* Added query string parameters (``param==value``).
|
2012-07-17 05:20:37 +03:00
|
|
|
* Added support for terminal colors under Windows.
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* `0.2.5`_ (2012-07-17)
|
2012-07-17 08:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* Unicode characters in prettified JSON now don't get escaped for
|
|
|
|
improved readability.
|
2012-07-17 01:05:09 +03:00
|
|
|
* --auth now prompts for a password if only a username provided.
|
2012-07-17 08:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* Added support for request payloads from a file path with automatic
|
|
|
|
``Content-Type`` (``http URL @/path``).
|
2012-07-26 01:26:23 +03:00
|
|
|
* Fixed missing query string when displaying the request headers via
|
2012-07-17 08:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
``--verbose``.
|
2012-07-17 00:41:27 +03:00
|
|
|
* Fixed Content-Type for requests with no data.
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* `0.2.2`_ (2012-06-24)
|
2012-07-17 08:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* The ``METHOD`` positional argument can now be omitted (defaults to
|
|
|
|
``GET``, or to ``POST`` with data).
|
2012-06-24 04:43:08 +03:00
|
|
|
* Fixed --verbose --form.
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* Added support for `Tox`_.
|
|
|
|
* `0.2.1`_ (2012-06-13)
|
2012-06-13 17:01:23 +03:00
|
|
|
* Added compatibility with ``requests-0.12.1``.
|
2012-07-17 08:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* Dropped custom JSON and HTTP lexers in favor of the ones newly included
|
|
|
|
in ``pygments-1.5``.
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* `0.2.0`_ (2012-04-25)
|
2012-04-25 03:10:58 +03:00
|
|
|
* Added Python 3 support.
|
2012-07-17 08:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* Added the ability to print the HTTP request as well as the response
|
|
|
|
(see ``--print`` and ``--verbose``).
|
2012-04-25 03:10:58 +03:00
|
|
|
* Added support for Digest authentication.
|
2012-07-17 08:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* Added file upload support
|
|
|
|
(``http -f POST file_field_name@/path/to/file``).
|
2012-04-25 03:10:58 +03:00
|
|
|
* Improved syntax highlighting for JSON.
|
|
|
|
* Added support for field name escaping.
|
|
|
|
* Many bug fixes.
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
* `0.1.6`_ (2012-03-04)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _Requests: http://python-requests.org
|
|
|
|
.. _Pygments: http://pygments.org/
|
|
|
|
.. _pip: http://www.pip-installer.org/en/latest/index.html
|
|
|
|
.. _Tox: http://tox.testrun.org
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
.. _Github API: http://developer.github.com/v3/issues/comments/#create-a-comment
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
.. _supported Python environments: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/blob/master/tox.ini
|
|
|
|
.. _Ubuntu: http://packages.ubuntu.com/httpie
|
|
|
|
.. _Debian: http://packages.debian.org/httpie
|
|
|
|
.. _the repository: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie
|
2012-07-27 19:08:33 +03:00
|
|
|
.. _these fine people: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/contributors
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
.. _Jakub Roztocil: http://roztocil.name
|
2012-07-28 14:24:44 +03:00
|
|
|
.. _@jakubroztocil: https://twitter.com/jakubroztocil
|
2012-07-26 10:01:30 +03:00
|
|
|
.. _existing issues: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/issues?state=open
|
|
|
|
.. _0.1.6: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/compare/0.1.4...0.1.6
|
|
|
|
.. _0.2.0: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/compare/0.1.6...0.2.0
|
|
|
|
.. _0.2.1: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/compare/0.2.0...0.2.1
|
|
|
|
.. _0.2.2: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/compare/0.2.1...0.2.2
|
|
|
|
.. _0.2.5: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/compare/0.2.2...0.2.5
|
|
|
|
.. _0.2.6: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/compare/0.2.5...0.2.6
|
2012-08-07 01:12:47 +03:00
|
|
|
.. _0.2.7: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/compare/0.2.5...0.2.7
|
|
|
|
.. _0.2.8dev: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/compare/0.2.7...master
|
2012-08-07 01:13:27 +03:00
|
|
|
.. _README for stable version: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/tree/0.2.7#readme
|
2012-07-30 13:10:19 +03:00
|
|
|
.. _AUTHORS: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/blob/master/AUTHORS.rst
|
2012-08-06 23:33:40 +03:00
|
|
|
.. _LICENSE: https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/blob/master/LICENSE
|