Added models.Environment().

Refactoring and general cleanup.

httpie/__main__.py

@@ -1,135 +1,9 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-import sys
+"""
-import json
+The main entry point. Invoke as `http' or `python -m httpie'.
 
-import requests
+"""
-
+from .core import main
-from requests.compat import str
-
-from . import httpmessage
-from . import cliparse
-from . import cli
-from . import pretty
-
-
-
-TYPE_FORM = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8'
-TYPE_JSON = 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
-
-
-def _get_response(args):
-
-    auto_json = args.data and not args.form
-    if args.json or auto_json:
-        # JSON
-        if 'Content-Type' not in args.headers:
-            args.headers['Content-Type'] = TYPE_JSON
-
-        if 'Accept' not in args.headers:
-            # Default Accept to JSON as well.
-            args.headers['Accept'] = 'application/json'
-
-        if isinstance(args.data, dict):
-            # If not empty, serialize the data `dict` parsed from arguments.
-            # Otherwise set it to `None` avoid sending "{}".
-            args.data = json.dumps(args.data) if args.data else None
-
-    elif args.form:
-        # Form
-        if not args.files and 'Content-Type' not in args.headers:
-            # If sending files, `requests` will set
-            # the `Content-Type` for us.
-            args.headers['Content-Type'] = TYPE_FORM
-
-
-    # Fire the request.
-    try:
-        credentials = None
-        if args.auth:
-            auth_type = (requests.auth.HTTPDigestAuth
-                         if args.auth_type == 'digest'
-                         else requests.auth.HTTPBasicAuth)
-            credentials = auth_type(args.auth.key, args.auth.value)
-
-        return requests.request(
-            method=args.method.lower(),
-            url=args.url if '://' in args.url else 'http://%s' % args.url,
-            headers=args.headers,
-            data=args.data,
-            verify={'yes': True, 'no': False}.get(args.verify, args.verify),
-            timeout=args.timeout,
-            auth=credentials,
-            proxies=dict((p.key, p.value) for p in args.proxy),
-            files=args.files,
-            allow_redirects=args.allow_redirects,
-            params=args.queries,
-        )
-
-    except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
-        sys.stderr.write('\n')
-        sys.exit(1)
-    except Exception as e:
-        if args.traceback:
-            raise
-        sys.stderr.write(str(e.message) + '\n')
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-
-def _get_output(args, stdout_isatty, response):
-
-    do_prettify = (args.prettify is True or
-                   (args.prettify == cliparse.PRETTIFY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY
-                    and stdout_isatty))
-
-    do_output_request = (cliparse.OUT_REQ_HEADERS in args.output_options
-                         or cliparse.OUT_REQ_BODY in args.output_options)
-
-    do_output_response = (cliparse.OUT_RESP_HEADERS in args.output_options
-                          or cliparse.OUT_RESP_BODY in args.output_options)
-
-    prettifier = pretty.PrettyHttp(args.style) if do_prettify else None
-    output = []
-
-    if do_output_request:
-        output.append(httpmessage.format(
-            message=httpmessage.from_request(response.request),
-            prettifier=prettifier,
-            with_headers=cliparse.OUT_REQ_HEADERS in args.output_options,
-            with_body=cliparse.OUT_REQ_BODY in args.output_options
-        ))
-        output.append('\n')
-        if do_output_response:
-            output.append('\n')
-
-    if do_output_response:
-        output.append(httpmessage.format(
-            message=httpmessage.from_response(response),
-            prettifier=prettifier,
-            with_headers=cliparse.OUT_RESP_HEADERS in args.output_options,
-            with_body=cliparse.OUT_RESP_BODY in args.output_options
-        ))
-        output.append('\n')
-
-    return ''.join(output)
-
-
-def main(args=None,
-         stdin=sys.stdin, stdin_isatty=sys.stdin.isatty(),
-         stdout=sys.stdout, stdout_isatty=sys.stdout.isatty()):
-    parser = cli.parser
-
-    args = parser.parse_args(
-        args=args if args is not None else sys.argv[1:],
-        stdin=stdin,
-        stdin_isatty=stdin_isatty,
-        stdout_isatty=stdout_isatty,
-    )
-
-    response = _get_response(args)
-    output = _get_output(args, stdout_isatty, response)
-    output_bytes = output.encode('utf8')
-    f = (stdout.buffer if hasattr(stdout, 'buffer') else stdout)
-    f.write(output_bytes)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

httpie/cli.py

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 CLI definition.
 
 """
-from . import pretty
 from . import __doc__
 from . import __version__
 from . import cliparse
+from .output import AVAILABLE_STYLES
 
 
 def _(text):
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@ output_options.add_argument('--print', '-p', dest='output_options',
         If the output is piped to another program or to a file,
         then only the body is printed by default.
     '''.format(
-        request_headers=cliparse.OUT_REQ_HEADERS,
+        request_headers=cliparse.OUT_REQ_HEAD,
         request_body=cliparse.OUT_REQ_BODY,
-        response_headers=cliparse.OUT_RESP_HEADERS,
+        response_headers=cliparse.OUT_RESP_HEAD,
         response_body=cliparse.OUT_RESP_BODY,
     ))
 )
@@ -99,11 +99,11 @@ output_options.add_argument(
 )
 output_options.add_argument(
     '--headers', '-t', dest='output_options',
-    action='store_const', const=cliparse.OUT_RESP_HEADERS,
+    action='store_const', const=cliparse.OUT_RESP_HEAD,
     help=_('''
         Print only the response headers.
         Shortcut for --print={0}.
-    '''.format(cliparse.OUT_RESP_HEADERS))
+    '''.format(cliparse.OUT_RESP_HEAD))
 )
 output_options.add_argument(
     '--body', '-b', dest='output_options',
@@ -116,13 +116,13 @@ output_options.add_argument(
 
 parser.add_argument(
     '--style', '-s', dest='style', default='solarized', metavar='STYLE',
-    choices=pretty.AVAILABLE_STYLES,
+    choices=AVAILABLE_STYLES,
     help=_('''
         Output coloring style, one of %s. Defaults to solarized.
         For this option to work properly, please make sure that the
         $TERM environment variable is set to "xterm-256color" or similar
         (e.g., via `export TERM=xterm-256color' in your ~/.bashrc).
-    ''') % ', '.join(sorted(pretty.AVAILABLE_STYLES))
+    ''') % ', '.join(sorted(AVAILABLE_STYLES))
 )
 
 # ``requests.request`` keyword arguments.

httpie/cliparse.py

@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ DATA_ITEM_SEPARATORS = [
 ]
 
 
-OUT_REQ_HEADERS = 'H'
+OUT_REQ_HEAD = 'H'
 OUT_REQ_BODY = 'B'
-OUT_RESP_HEADERS = 'h'
+OUT_RESP_HEAD = 'h'
 OUT_RESP_BODY = 'b'
-OUTPUT_OPTIONS = [OUT_REQ_HEADERS,
+OUTPUT_OPTIONS = [OUT_REQ_HEAD,
                   OUT_REQ_BODY,
-                  OUT_RESP_HEADERS,
+                  OUT_RESP_HEAD,
                   OUT_RESP_BODY]
 
 
@@ -50,20 +50,17 @@ DEFAULT_UA = 'HTTPie/%s' % __version__
 
 class Parser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
 
-    def parse_args(self, args=None, namespace=None,
+    def parse_args(self, env, args=None, namespace=None):
-                   stdin=sys.stdin,
-                   stdin_isatty=sys.stdin.isatty(),
-                   stdout_isatty=sys.stdout.isatty()):
 
         args = super(Parser, self).parse_args(args, namespace)
 
-        self._process_output_options(args, stdout_isatty)
+        self._process_output_options(args, env)
         self._validate_auth_options(args)
-        self._guess_method(args, stdin_isatty)
+        self._guess_method(args, env)
         self._parse_items(args)
 
-        if not stdin_isatty:
+        if not env.stdin_isatty:
-            self._body_from_file(args, stdin)
+            self._body_from_file(args, env.stdin)
 
         if args.auth and not args.auth.has_password():
             # stdin has already been read (if not a tty) so
@@ -78,7 +75,7 @@ class Parser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
                        'data (key=value) cannot be mixed.')
         args.data = f.read()
 
-    def _guess_method(self, args, stdin_isatty=sys.stdin.isatty()):
+    def _guess_method(self, args, env):
         """
         Set `args.method`, if not specified, to either POST or GET
         based on whether the request has data or not.
@@ -87,7 +84,7 @@ class Parser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
         if args.method is None:
             # Invoked as `http URL'.
             assert not args.items
-            if not stdin_isatty:
+            if not env.stdin_isatty:
                 args.method = 'POST'
             else:
                 args.method = 'GET'
@@ -112,7 +109,7 @@ class Parser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
             args.url = args.method
             args.items.insert(0, item)
 
-            has_data = not stdin_isatty or any(
+            has_data = not env.stdin_isatty or any(
                 item.sep in DATA_ITEM_SEPARATORS for item in args.items)
             if has_data:
                 args.method = 'POST'
@@ -162,10 +159,10 @@ class Parser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
                         content_type = '%s; charset=%s' % (mime, encoding)
                     args.headers['Content-Type'] = content_type
 
-    def _process_output_options(self, args, stdout_isatty):
+    def _process_output_options(self, args, env):
         if not args.output_options:
-            if stdout_isatty:
+            if env.stdout_isatty:
-                args.output_options = OUT_RESP_HEADERS + OUT_RESP_BODY
+                args.output_options = OUT_RESP_HEAD + OUT_RESP_BODY
             else:
                 args.output_options = OUT_RESP_BODY
 

httpie/core.py

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import sys
+import json
+import requests
+from requests.compat import str
+from .models import HTTPMessage, Environment
+from .output import OutputProcessor
+from . import cliparse
+from . import cli
+
+
+TYPE_FORM = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8'
+TYPE_JSON = 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
+
+
+def get_response(args):
+
+    auto_json = args.data and not args.form
+    if args.json or auto_json:
+        if 'Content-Type' not in args.headers:
+            args.headers['Content-Type'] = TYPE_JSON
+
+        if 'Accept' not in args.headers:
+            # Default Accept to JSON as well.
+            args.headers['Accept'] = 'application/json'
+
+        if isinstance(args.data, dict):
+            # If not empty, serialize the data `dict` parsed from arguments.
+            # Otherwise set it to `None` avoid sending "{}".
+            args.data = json.dumps(args.data) if args.data else None
+
+    elif args.form:
+        if not args.files and 'Content-Type' not in args.headers:
+            # If sending files, `requests` will set
+            # the `Content-Type` for us.
+            args.headers['Content-Type'] = TYPE_FORM
+
+    try:
+        credentials = None
+        if args.auth:
+            auth_type = (requests.auth.HTTPDigestAuth
+                         if args.auth_type == 'digest'
+                         else requests.auth.HTTPBasicAuth)
+            credentials = auth_type(args.auth.key, args.auth.value)
+
+        return requests.request(
+            method=args.method.lower(),
+            url=args.url if '://' in args.url else 'http://%s' % args.url,
+            headers=args.headers,
+            data=args.data,
+            verify={'yes': True, 'no': False}.get(args.verify, args.verify),
+            timeout=args.timeout,
+            auth=credentials,
+            proxies=dict((p.key, p.value) for p in args.proxy),
+            files=args.files,
+            allow_redirects=args.allow_redirects,
+            params=args.queries,
+        )
+
+    except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+        sys.stderr.write('\n')
+        sys.exit(1)
+    except Exception as e:
+        if args.traceback:
+            raise
+        sys.stderr.write(str(e.message) + '\n')
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def get_output(args, env, response):
+
+    do_prettify = (
+        args.prettify is True or
+        (args.prettify == cliparse.PRETTIFY_STDOUT_TTY_ONLY
+        and env.stdout_isatty)
+    )
+
+    do_output_request = (
+        cliparse.OUT_REQ_HEAD in args.output_options
+        or cliparse.OUT_REQ_BODY in args.output_options
+    )
+
+    do_output_response = (
+        cliparse.OUT_RESP_HEAD in args.output_options
+        or cliparse.OUT_RESP_BODY in args.output_options
+    )
+
+    prettifier = None
+    if do_prettify:
+        prettifier = OutputProcessor(
+            env, pygments_style=args.style)
+
+    output = []
+
+    if do_output_request:
+        req = HTTPMessage.from_request(response.request).format(
+            prettifier=prettifier,
+            with_headers=cliparse.OUT_REQ_HEAD in args.output_options,
+            with_body=cliparse.OUT_REQ_BODY in args.output_options
+        )
+        output.append(req)
+        output.append('\n')
+        if do_output_response:
+            output.append('\n')
+
+    if do_output_response:
+        resp = HTTPMessage.from_response(response).format(
+            prettifier=prettifier,
+            with_headers=cliparse.OUT_RESP_HEAD in args.output_options,
+            with_body=cliparse.OUT_RESP_BODY in args.output_options
+        )
+        output.append(resp)
+        output.append('\n')
+
+    return ''.join(output)
+
+
+def main(args=sys.argv[1:], env=Environment()):
+    parser = cli.parser
+    args = parser.parse_args(args=args, env=env)
+    response = get_response(args)
+    output = get_output(args, env, response)
+    output_bytes = output.encode('utf8')
+    f = getattr(env.stdout, 'buffer', env.stdout)
+    f.write(output_bytes)

httpie/httpmessage.py

@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-from requests.compat import urlparse
-
-
-class HTTPMessage(object):
-    """Model representing an HTTP message."""
-
-    def __init__(self, line, headers, body, content_type=None):
-        # {Request,Status}-Line
-        self.line = line
-        self.headers = headers
-        self.body = body
-        self.content_type = content_type
-
-
-def from_request(request):
-    """Make an `HTTPMessage` from `requests.models.Request`."""
-    url = urlparse(request.url)
-    request_headers = dict(request.headers)
-    if 'Host' not in request_headers:
-        request_headers['Host'] = url.netloc
-
-    try:
-        body = request.data
-    except AttributeError:
-        # requests < 0.12.1
-        body = request._enc_data
-
-    if isinstance(body, dict):
-        # --form
-        body = request.__class__._encode_params(body)
-
-    return HTTPMessage(
-        line='{method} {path}{query} HTTP/1.1'.format(
-                method=request.method,
-                path=url.path or '/',
-                query='' if url.query is '' else '?' + url.query),
-        headers='\n'.join(str('%s: %s') % (name, value)
-                          for name, value
-                          in request_headers.items()),
-        body=body,
-        content_type=request_headers.get('Content-Type')
-    )
-
-
-def from_response(response):
-    """Make an `HTTPMessage` from `requests.models.Response`."""
-    encoding = response.encoding or 'ISO-8859-1'
-    original = response.raw._original_response
-    response_headers = response.headers
-    return HTTPMessage(
-        line='HTTP/{version} {status} {reason}'.format(
-                version='.'.join(str(original.version)),
-                status=original.status, reason=original.reason),
-        headers=str(original.msg),
-        body=response.content.decode(encoding) if response.content else '',
-        content_type=response_headers.get('Content-Type'))
-
-
-def format(message, prettifier=None,
-           with_headers=True, with_body=True):
-    """Return a `unicode` representation of `message`. """
-    pretty = prettifier is not None
-    bits = []
-
-    if with_headers:
-        bits.append(message.line)
-        bits.append(message.headers)
-        if pretty:
-            bits = [prettifier.headers('\n'.join(bits))]
-        if with_body and message.body:
-            bits.append('\n')
-
-    if with_body and message.body:
-        if pretty and message.content_type:
-            bits.append(prettifier.body(message.body, message.content_type))
-        else:
-            bits.append(message.body)
-
-    return '\n'.join(bit.strip() for bit in bits)

httpie/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+import os
+import sys
+from requests.compat import urlparse
+
+
+class Environment(object):
+    stdin_isatty = sys.stdin.isatty()
+    stdin = sys.stdin
+    stdout_isatty = sys.stdout.isatty()
+    stdout = sys.stdout
+    # Can be set to 0 to disable colors completely.
+    colors = 256 if '256color' in os.environ.get('TERM', '') else 88
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        self.__dict__.update(**kwargs)
+
+
+class HTTPMessage(object):
+    """Model representing an HTTP message."""
+
+    def __init__(self, line, headers, body, content_type=None):
+        # {Request,Status}-Line
+        self.line = line
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.body = body
+        self.content_type = content_type
+
+    def format(self, prettifier=None, with_headers=True, with_body=True):
+        """Return a `unicode` representation of `self`. """
+        pretty = prettifier is not None
+        bits = []
+
+        if with_headers:
+            bits.append(self.line)
+            bits.append(self.headers)
+            if pretty:
+                bits = [
+                    prettifier.process_headers('\n'.join(bits))
+                ]
+            if with_body and self.body:
+                bits.append('\n')
+
+        if with_body and self.body:
+            if pretty and self.content_type:
+                bits.append(prettifier.process_body(
+                    self.body, self.content_type))
+            else:
+                bits.append(self.body)
+
+        return '\n'.join(bit.strip() for bit in bits)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_request(request):
+        """Make an `HTTPMessage` from `requests.models.Request`."""
+        url = urlparse(request.url)
+        request_headers = dict(request.headers)
+        if 'Host' not in request_headers:
+            request_headers['Host'] = url.netloc
+
+        try:
+            body = request.data
+        except AttributeError:
+            # requests < 0.12.1
+            body = request._enc_data
+
+        if isinstance(body, dict):
+            # --form
+            body = request.__class__._encode_params(body)
+
+        request_line = '{method} {path}{query} HTTP/1.1'.format(
+            method=request.method,
+            path=url.path or '/',
+            query='' if url.query is '' else '?' + url.query
+        )
+        headers = '\n'.join(
+            str('%s: %s') % (name, value)
+            for name, value
+            in request_headers.items()
+        )
+        return HTTPMessage(
+            line=request_line,
+            headers=headers,
+            body=body,
+            content_type=request_headers.get('Content-Type')
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_response(cls, response):
+        """Make an `HTTPMessage` from `requests.models.Response`."""
+        encoding = response.encoding or 'ISO-8859-1'
+        original = response.raw._original_response
+        response_headers = response.headers
+        status_line = 'HTTP/{version} {status} {reason}'.format(
+            version='.'.join(str(original.version)),
+            status=original.status,
+            reason=original.reason
+        )
+        body = response.content.decode(encoding) if response.content else ''
+        return cls(
+            line=status_line,
+            headers=str(original.msg),
+            body=body,
+            content_type=response_headers.get('Content-Type'))

httpie/output.py

@@ -22,13 +22,6 @@ if is_windows:
     import colorama
     colorama.init()
     # 256 looks better on Windows
-    formatter_class = Terminal256Formatter
-else:
-    formatter_class = (
-        Terminal256Formatter
-        if '256color' in os.environ.get('TERM', '')
-        else TerminalFormatter
-    )
 
 
 class HTTPLexer(lexer.RegexLexer):
@@ -82,23 +75,96 @@ class HTTPLexer(lexer.RegexLexer):
     ]}
 
 
-class PrettyHttp(object):
+class BaseProcessor(object):
-    """HTTP headers & body prettyfier."""
+
+    enabled = True
+
+    def __init__(self, env, **kwargs):
+        self.env = env
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+    def process_headers(self, headers):
+        return headers
+
+    def process_body(self, content, content_type):
+        return content
+
+
+class JSONProcessor(BaseProcessor):
+
+    def process_body(self, content, content_type):
+        if content_type == 'application/json':
+            try:
+                # Indent and sort the JSON data.
+                content = json.dumps(
+                    json.loads(content),
+                    sort_keys=True,
+                    ensure_ascii=False,
+                    indent=4,
+                )
+            except ValueError:
+                # Invalid JSON - we don't care.
+                pass
+        return content
+
+
+class PygmentsProcessor(BaseProcessor):
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(PygmentsProcessor, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        if not self.env.colors:
+            self.enabled = False
+            return
 
-    def __init__(self, style_name):
         try:
-            style = get_style_by_name(style_name)
+            style = get_style_by_name(
+                self.kwargs.get('pygments_style', DEFAULT_STYLE))
         except ClassNotFound:
             style = solarized.SolarizedStyle
-        self.formatter = formatter_class(style=style)
 
-    def headers(self, content):
+        if is_windows or self.env.colors == 256:
-        """Pygmentize HTTP headers."""
+            fmt_class = Terminal256Formatter
-        return pygments.highlight(content, HTTPLexer(), self.formatter)
+        else:
+            fmt_class = TerminalFormatter
+        self.formatter = fmt_class(style=style)
 
-    def body(self, content, content_type):
+    def process_headers(self, headers):
-        """Pygmentize `content` based on `content_type`."""
+        return pygments.highlight(
+            headers, HTTPLexer(), self.formatter)
 
+    def process_body(self, content, content_type):
+        try:
+            lexer = get_lexer_for_mimetype(content_type)
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            pass
+        else:
+            content = pygments.highlight(content, lexer, self.formatter)
+        return content
+
+
+class OutputProcessor(object):
+    """."""
+
+    installed_processors = [
+        JSONProcessor,
+        PygmentsProcessor
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(self, env, **kwargs):
+        self.env = env
+        processors = [
+            cls(env, **kwargs)
+            for cls in self.installed_processors
+        ]
+        self.processors = [p for p in processors if p.enabled]
+
+    def process_headers(self, headers):
+        for processor in self.processors:
+         headers = processor.process_headers(headers)
+        return headers
+
+    def process_body(self, content, content_type):
         content_type = content_type.split(';')[0]
 
         application_match = re.match(
@@ -110,19 +176,7 @@ class PrettyHttp(object):
             vendor, extension = application_match.groups()
             content_type = content_type.replace(vendor, '')
 
-        try:
+        for processor in self.processors:
-            lexer = get_lexer_for_mimetype(content_type)
+            content = processor.process_body(content, content_type)
-        except ClassNotFound:
-            return content
 
-        if content_type == 'application/json':
+        return content
-            try:
-                # Indent and sort the JSON data.
-                content = json.dumps(json.loads(content),
-                                     sort_keys=True, indent=4,
-                                     ensure_ascii=False)
-            except ValueError:
-                # Invalid JSON - we don't care.
-                pass
-
-        return pygments.highlight(content, lexer, self.formatter)

tests/tests.py

@@ -1,4 +1,18 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+""" -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+Many of the test cases here use httpbin.org.
+
+To make it run faster and offline you can::
+
+    # Install `httpbin` locally
+    pip install httpbin
+
+    # Run it
+    httpbin
+
+    # Run the tests against it
+    HTTPBIN_URL=http://localhost:5000 python setup.py test
+
+"""
 import unittest
 import argparse
 import os
@@ -17,38 +31,43 @@ from requests import Response
 TESTS_ROOT = os.path.dirname(__file__)
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.realpath(os.path.join(TESTS_ROOT, '..')))
 
-from httpie import __main__, cliparse
+from httpie import cliparse
+from httpie.models import Environment
+from httpie.core import main, get_output
 
 
+HTTPBIN_URL = os.environ.get('HTTPBIN_URL',
+                             'http://httpbin.org')
+
 TEST_FILE_PATH = os.path.join(TESTS_ROOT, 'file.txt')
 TEST_FILE2_PATH = os.path.join(TESTS_ROOT, 'file2.txt')
 TEST_FILE_CONTENT = open(TEST_FILE_PATH).read().strip()
 TERMINAL_COLOR_PRESENCE_CHECK = '\x1b['
 
 
+def httpbin(path):
+    return HTTPBIN_URL + path
+
+
 def http(*args, **kwargs):
     """
     Invoke `httpie.__main__.main` with `args` and `kwargs`,
     and return a unicode response.
 
     """
-    http_kwargs = {
-        'stdin_isatty': True,
-        'stdout_isatty': True
-    }
-    http_kwargs.update(kwargs)
 
-    command_line = ' '.join(args)
+    if 'env' not in kwargs:
-    if ('stdout_isatty' not in kwargs
+        # Ensure that we have terminal by default
-        and '--pretty' not in command_line
+        # (needed for Travis).
-        and '--ugly' not in command_line):
+        kwargs['env'] = Environment(
-        # Make ugly default for testing purposes unless we're
+            colors=0,
-        # being explicit about it. It's so that we can test for
+            stdin_isatty=True,
-        # strings in the response without having to always pass --ugly.
+            stdout_isatty=True,
-        args = ['--ugly'] + list(args)
+        )
 
-    stdout = http_kwargs.setdefault('stdout', tempfile.TemporaryFile())
+
-    __main__.main(args=args, **http_kwargs)
+    stdout = kwargs['env'].stdout = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
+    main(args=args, **kwargs)
     stdout.seek(0)
     response = stdout.read().decode('utf8')
     stdout.close()
@@ -70,42 +89,77 @@ class BaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 #################################################################
-# High-level tests using httpbin.org.
+# High-level tests using httpbin.
 #################################################################
 
 class HTTPieTest(BaseTestCase):
 
     def test_GET(self):
-        r = http('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')
+        r = http(
+            'GET',
+            httpbin('/get')
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
 
     def test_DELETE(self):
-        r = http('DELETE', 'http://httpbin.org/delete')
+        r = http(
+            'DELETE',
+            httpbin('/delete')
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
 
     def test_PUT(self):
-        r = http('PUT', 'http://httpbin.org/put', 'foo=bar')
+        r = http(
+            'PUT',
+            httpbin('/put'),
+            'foo=bar'
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"foo": "bar"', r)
 
     def test_POST_JSON_data(self):
-        r = http('POST', 'http://httpbin.org/post', 'foo=bar')
+        r = http(
+            'POST',
+            httpbin('/post'),
+            'foo=bar'
+        )
+        print r
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"foo": "bar"', r)
 
     def test_POST_form(self):
-        r = http('--form', 'POST', 'http://httpbin.org/post', 'foo=bar')
+        r = http(
+            '--form',
+            'POST',
+            httpbin('/post'),
+            'foo=bar'
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"foo": "bar"', r)
 
     def test_POST_stdin(self):
-        r = http('--form', 'POST', 'http://httpbin.org/post',
+
-                 stdin=open(TEST_FILE_PATH), stdin_isatty=False)
+        env = Environment(
+            stdin=open(TEST_FILE_PATH),
+            stdin_isatty=False,
+            colors=0,
+        )
+
+        r = http(
+            '--form',
+            'POST',
+            httpbin('/post'),
+            env=env
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn(TEST_FILE_CONTENT, r)
 
     def test_headers(self):
-        r = http('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/headers', 'Foo:bar')
+        r = http(
+            'GET',
+            httpbin('/headers'),
+            'Foo:bar'
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"User-Agent": "HTTPie', r)
         self.assertIn('"Foo": "bar"', r)
@@ -120,51 +174,73 @@ class AutoContentTypeAndAcceptHeadersTest(BaseTestCase):
     """
     def test_GET_no_data_no_auto_headers(self):
         # https://github.com/jkbr/httpie/issues/62
-        r = http('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/headers')
+        r = http(
+            'GET',
+            httpbin('/headers')
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"Accept": "*/*"', r)
-        # Although an empty header is present in the response from httpbin,
+        self.assertNotIn('"Content-Type": "application/json', r)
-        # it's not included in the request.
-        self.assertIn('"Content-Type": ""', r)
 
     def test_POST_no_data_no_auto_headers(self):
         # JSON headers shouldn't be automatically set for POST with no data.
-        r = http('POST', 'http://httpbin.org/post')
+        r = http(
+            'POST',
+            httpbin('/post')
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"Accept": "*/*"', r)
-        # Although an empty header is present in the response from httpbin,
+        self.assertNotIn('"Content-Type": "application/json', r)
-        # it's not included in the request.
-        self.assertIn(' "Content-Type": ""', r)
 
     def test_POST_with_data_auto_JSON_headers(self):
-        r = http('POST', 'http://httpbin.org/post', 'a=b')
+        r = http(
+            'POST',
+            httpbin('/post'),
+            'a=b'
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"Accept": "application/json"', r)
         self.assertIn('"Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8', r)
 
     def test_GET_with_data_auto_JSON_headers(self):
         # JSON headers should automatically be set also for GET with data.
-        r = http('POST', 'http://httpbin.org/post', 'a=b')
+        r = http(
+            'POST',
+            httpbin('/post'),
+            'a=b'
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"Accept": "application/json"', r)
         self.assertIn('"Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8', r)
 
     def test_POST_explicit_JSON_auto_JSON_headers(self):
-        r = http('-j', 'POST', 'http://httpbin.org/post')
+        r = http(
+            '--json',
+            'POST',
+            httpbin('/post')
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"Accept": "application/json"', r)
         self.assertIn('"Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8', r)
 
     def test_GET_explicit_JSON_explicit_headers(self):
-        r = http('-j', 'GET', 'http://httpbin.org/headers',
+        r = http(
-                'Accept:application/xml',
+            '--json',
-                'Content-Type:application/xml')
+            'GET',
+            httpbin('/headers'),
+            'Accept:application/xml',
+            'Content-Type:application/xml'
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"Accept": "application/xml"', r)
         self.assertIn('"Content-Type": "application/xml"', r)
 
     def test_POST_form_auto_Content_Type(self):
-        r = http('-f', 'POST', 'http://httpbin.org/post')
+        r = http(
+            '--form',
+            'POST',
+            httpbin('/post')
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn(
             '"Content-Type":'
@@ -173,44 +249,77 @@ class AutoContentTypeAndAcceptHeadersTest(BaseTestCase):
         )
 
     def test_POST_form_Content_Type_override(self):
-        r = http('-f', 'POST', 'http://httpbin.org/post',
+        r = http(
-            'Content-Type:application/xml')
+            '--form',
+            'POST',
+            httpbin('/post'),
+            'Content-Type:application/xml'
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"Content-Type": "application/xml"', r)
 
     def test_print_only_body_when_stdout_redirected_by_default(self):
-        r = http('GET', 'httpbin.org/get', stdout_isatty=False)
+
+        r = http(
+            'GET',
+            'httpbin.org/get',
+            env=Environment(stdout_isatty=False)
+        )
         self.assertNotIn('HTTP/', r)
 
     def test_print_overridable_when_stdout_redirected(self):
-        r = http('--print=h', 'GET', 'httpbin.org/get', stdout_isatty=False)
+
+        r = http(
+            '--print=h',
+            'GET',
+            'httpbin.org/get',
+            env=Environment(stdout_isatty=False)
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
 
 
 class ImplicitHTTPMethodTest(BaseTestCase):
 
     def test_implicit_GET(self):
-        r = http('http://httpbin.org/get')
+        r = http(httpbin('/get'))
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
 
     def test_implicit_GET_with_headers(self):
-        r = http('http://httpbin.org/headers', 'Foo:bar')
+        r = http(
+            httpbin('/headers'),
+            'Foo:bar'
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"Foo": "bar"', r)
 
     def test_implicit_POST_json(self):
-        r = http('http://httpbin.org/post', 'hello=world')
+        r = http(
+            httpbin('/post'),
+            'hello=world'
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"hello": "world"', r)
 
     def test_implicit_POST_form(self):
-        r = http('--form', 'http://httpbin.org/post', 'foo=bar')
+        r = http(
+            '--form',
+            httpbin('/post'),
+            'foo=bar'
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"foo": "bar"', r)
 
     def test_implicit_POST_stdin(self):
-        r = http('--form', 'http://httpbin.org/post',
+        env = Environment(
-                 stdin=open(TEST_FILE_PATH), stdin_isatty=False)
+            stdin_isatty=False,
+            stdin=open(TEST_FILE_PATH),
+            colors=0,
+        )
+        r = http(
+            '--form',
+            httpbin('/post'),
+            env=env
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
 
 
@@ -218,19 +327,26 @@ class PrettyFlagTest(BaseTestCase):
     """Test the --pretty / --ugly flag handling."""
 
     def test_pretty_enabled_by_default(self):
-        r = http('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get', stdout_isatty=True)
+        r = http(
+            'GET',
+            httpbin('/get'),
+            env=Environment(stdout_isatty=True),
+        )
         self.assertIn(TERMINAL_COLOR_PRESENCE_CHECK, r)
 
     def test_pretty_enabled_by_default_unless_stdout_redirected(self):
-        r = http('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get', stdout_isatty=False)
+        r = http(
+            'GET',
+            httpbin('/get')
+        )
         self.assertNotIn(TERMINAL_COLOR_PRESENCE_CHECK, r)
 
     def test_force_pretty(self):
         r = http(
             '--pretty',
             'GET',
-            'http://httpbin.org/get',
+            httpbin('/get'),
-            stdout_isatty=False
+            env=Environment(stdout_isatty=False),
         )
         self.assertIn(TERMINAL_COLOR_PRESENCE_CHECK, r)
 
@@ -238,8 +354,7 @@ class PrettyFlagTest(BaseTestCase):
         r = http(
             '--ugly',
             'GET',
-            'http://httpbin.org/get',
+            httpbin('/get'),
-            stdout_isatty=True
         )
         self.assertNotIn(TERMINAL_COLOR_PRESENCE_CHECK, r)
 
@@ -250,7 +365,7 @@ class VerboseFlagTest(BaseTestCase):
         r = http(
             '--verbose',
             'GET',
-            'http://httpbin.org/get',
+            httpbin('/get'),
             'test-header:__test__'
         )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
@@ -262,7 +377,7 @@ class VerboseFlagTest(BaseTestCase):
             '--verbose',
             '--form',
             'POST',
-            'http://httpbin.org/post',
+            httpbin('/post'),
             'foo=bar',
             'baz=bar'
         )
@@ -274,13 +389,21 @@ class MultipartFormDataFileUploadTest(BaseTestCase):
 
     def test_non_existent_file_raises_parse_error(self):
         self.assertRaises(cliparse.ParseError, http,
-            '--form', '--traceback',
+            '--form',
-            'POST', 'http://httpbin.org/post',
+            '--traceback',
-            'foo@/__does_not_exist__')
+            'POST',
+            httpbin('/post'),
+            'foo@/__does_not_exist__'
+        )
 
     def test_upload_ok(self):
-        r = http('--form', 'POST', 'http://httpbin.org/post',
+        r = http(
-             'test-file@%s' % TEST_FILE_PATH, 'foo=bar')
+            '--form',
+            'POST',
+            httpbin('/post'),
+            'test-file@%s' % TEST_FILE_PATH,
+            'foo=bar'
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"test-file": "%s' % TEST_FILE_CONTENT, r)
         self.assertIn('"foo": "bar"', r)
@@ -292,7 +415,11 @@ class RequestBodyFromFilePathTest(BaseTestCase):
 
     """
     def test_request_body_from_file_by_path(self):
-        r = http('POST', 'http://httpbin.org/post', '@' + TEST_FILE_PATH)
+        r = http(
+            'POST',
+            httpbin('/post'),
+            '@' + TEST_FILE_PATH
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn(TEST_FILE_CONTENT, r)
         self.assertIn('"Content-Type": "text/plain"', r)
@@ -300,7 +427,7 @@ class RequestBodyFromFilePathTest(BaseTestCase):
     def test_request_body_from_file_by_path_with_explicit_content_type(self):
         r = http(
             'POST',
-            'http://httpbin.org/post',
+            httpbin('/post'),
             '@' + TEST_FILE_PATH,
             'Content-Type:x-foo/bar'
         )
@@ -311,39 +438,55 @@ class RequestBodyFromFilePathTest(BaseTestCase):
     def test_request_body_from_file_by_path_only_one_file_allowed(self):
         self.assertRaises(SystemExit, lambda: http(
             'POST',
-                'http://httpbin.org/post',
+            httpbin('/post'),
-                '@' + TEST_FILE_PATH,
+            '@' + TEST_FILE_PATH,
-                '@' + TEST_FILE2_PATH))
+            '@' + TEST_FILE2_PATH)
+        )
 
     def test_request_body_from_file_by_path_no_data_items_allowed(self):
         self.assertRaises(SystemExit, lambda: http(
             'POST',
-                'http://httpbin.org/post',
+            httpbin('/post'),
-                '@' + TEST_FILE_PATH,
+            '@' + TEST_FILE_PATH,
-                'foo=bar'))
+            'foo=bar')
+        )
 
 
 class AuthTest(BaseTestCase):
 
     def test_basic_auth(self):
-        r = http('--auth', 'user:password',
+        r = http(
-                 'GET', 'httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/password')
+            '--auth',
+            'user:password',
+            'GET',
+            'httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/password'
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"authenticated": true', r)
         self.assertIn('"user": "user"', r)
 
     def test_digest_auth(self):
-        r = http('--auth-type=digest', '--auth', 'user:password',
+        r = http(
-                 'GET', 'httpbin.org/digest-auth/auth/user/password')
+            '--auth-type=digest',
+            '--auth',
+            'user:password',
+            'GET',
+            'httpbin.org/digest-auth/auth/user/password'
+        )
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"authenticated": true', r)
         self.assertIn('"user": "user"', r)
 
     def test_password_prompt(self):
+
         cliparse.AuthCredentials._getpass = lambda self, prompt: 'password'
 
-        r = http('--auth', 'user',
+        r = http(
-                 'GET', 'httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/password')
+            '--auth',
+            'user',
+            'GET',
+            'httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/password'
+        )
 
         self.assertIn('HTTP/1.1 200', r)
         self.assertIn('"authenticated": true', r)
@@ -446,7 +589,7 @@ class ArgumentParserTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         args.url = 'http://example.com/'
         args.items = []
 
-        self.parser._guess_method(args)
+        self.parser._guess_method(args, Environment())
 
         self.assertEquals(args.method, 'GET')
         self.assertEquals(args.url, 'http://example.com/')
@@ -458,7 +601,7 @@ class ArgumentParserTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         args.url = 'http://example.com/'
         args.items = []
 
-        self.parser._guess_method(args)
+        self.parser._guess_method(args, Environment())
 
         self.assertEquals(args.method, 'GET')
         self.assertEquals(args.url, 'http://example.com/')
@@ -470,7 +613,7 @@ class ArgumentParserTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         args.url = 'data=field'
         args.items = []
 
-        self.parser._guess_method(args)
+        self.parser._guess_method(args, Environment())
 
         self.assertEquals(args.method, 'POST')
         self.assertEquals(args.url, 'http://example.com/')
@@ -485,7 +628,7 @@ class ArgumentParserTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         args.url = 'test:header'
         args.items = []
 
-        self.parser._guess_method(args)
+        self.parser._guess_method(args, Environment())
 
         self.assertEquals(args.method, 'GET')
         self.assertEquals(args.url, 'http://example.com/')
@@ -503,7 +646,7 @@ class ArgumentParserTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 key='old_item', value='b', sep='=', orig='old_item=b')
         ]
 
-        self.parser._guess_method(args)
+        self.parser._guess_method(args, Environment())
 
         self.assertEquals(args.items, [
             cliparse.KeyValue(
@@ -557,7 +700,7 @@ class UnicodeOutputTestCase(BaseTestCase):
         args.style = 'default'
 
         # colorized output contains escape sequences
-        output = __main__._get_output(args, True, response)
+        output = get_output(args, Environment(), response)
 
         for key, value in response_dict.items():
             self.assertIn(key, output)