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> Try the new `jc` [web demo](https://jc-web-demo.herokuapp.com/)!
> JC is [now available](https://galaxy.ansible.com/community/general) as an Ansible filter plugin in the `community.general` collection! See this [blog post](https://blog.kellybrazil.com/2020/08/30/parsing-command-output-in-ansible-with-jc/) for an example.
# JC
JSON CLI output utility
`jc` JSONifies the output of many CLI tools and file-types for easier parsing in scripts. See the [**Parsers**](#parsers) section for supported commands and file-types.
```bash
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dig example.com | jc --dig
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```
```json
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[{"id":38052,"opcode":"QUERY","status":"NOERROR","flags":["qr","rd","ra"],"query_num":1,"answer_num":1,
"authority_num":0,"additional_num":1,"opt_pseudosection":{"edns":{"version":0,"flags":[],"udp":4096}},"question":
{"name":"example.com.","class":"IN","type":"A"},"answer":[{"name":"example.com.","class":"IN","type":"A","ttl":
39049,"data":"93.184.216.34"}],"query_time":49,"server":"2600:1700:bab0:d40::1#53(2600:1700:bab0:d40::1)","when":
"Fri Apr 16 16:09:00 PDT 2021","rcvd":56,"when_epoch":1618614540,"when_epoch_utc":null}]
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```
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This allows further command-line processing of output with tools like `jq` by piping commands:
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```bash
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$ dig example.com | jc --dig | jq -r '.[].answer[].data'
93.184.216.34
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```
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or using the alternative "magic" syntax:
```bash
$ jc dig example.com | jq -r '.[].answer[].data'
93.184.216.34
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```
The `jc` parsers can also be used as python modules. In this case the output will be a python dictionary, or list of dictionaries, instead of JSON:
```python
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>>> import jc.parsers.dig
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>>>
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>>> data = '''; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> example.com
... ;; global options: +cmd
... ;; Got answer:
... ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64612
... ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
...
... ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
... ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
... ;; QUESTION SECTION:
... ;example.com. IN A
...
... ;; ANSWER SECTION:
... example.com. 29658 IN A 93.184.216.34
...
... ;; Query time: 52 msec
... ;; SERVER: 2600:1700:bab0:d40::1#53(2600:1700:bab0:d40::1)
... ;; WHEN: Fri Apr 16 16:13:00 PDT 2021
... ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 56'''
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>>>
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>>> jc.parsers.dig.parse(data)
[{'id': 64612, 'opcode': 'QUERY', 'status': 'NOERROR', 'flags': ['qr', 'rd', 'ra'], 'query_num': 1, 'answer_num':
1, 'authority_num': 0, 'additional_num': 1, 'opt_pseudosection': {'edns': {'version': 0, 'flags': [], 'udp':
4096}}, 'question': {'name': 'example.com.', 'class': 'IN', 'type': 'A'}, 'answer': [{'name': 'example.com.',
'class': 'IN', 'type': 'A', 'ttl': 29658, 'data': '93.184.216.34'}], 'query_time': 52, 'server':
'2600:1700:bab0:d40::1#53(2600:1700:bab0:d40::1)', 'when': 'Fri Apr 16 16:13:00 PDT 2021', 'rcvd': 56,
'when_epoch': 1618614780, 'when_epoch_utc': None}]
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```
Two representations of the data are possible. The default representation uses a strict schema per parser and converts known numbers to int/float JSON values. Certain known values of `None` are converted to JSON `null`, known boolean values are converted, and, in some cases, additional semantic context fields are added.
To access the raw, pre-processed JSON, use the `-r` cli option or the `raw=True` function parameter in `parse()`.
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Schemas for each parser can be found at the documentation link beside each parser below.
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Release notes can be found [here](https://blog.kellybrazil.com/category/jc-news/).
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For Bash use case examples, see my blog post on [Practical JSON at the Command Line](https://blog.kellybrazil.com/2021/04/12/practical-json-at-the-command-line/).
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## Why Would Anyone Do This!?
For more information on the motivations for this project, please see my [blog post](https://blog.kellybrazil.com/2019/11/26/bringing-the-unix-philosophy-to-the-21st-century/).
See also:
- [libxo on FreeBSD](http://juniper.github.io/libxo/libxo-manual.html)
- [powershell](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.utility/convertto-json?view=powershell-7)
- [blog: linux apps should have a json flag](https://thomashunter.name/posts/2012-06-06-linux-cli-apps-should-have-a-json-flag)
## Installation
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There are several ways to get `jc`. You can install via `pip`; other OS package repositories like `apt-get`, `dnf`, `zypper`, `pacman`, `nix-env`, `guix`, `brew`, or `portsnap`; via DEB/RPM packaged binaries; or by downloading the correct binary for your architecture and running it anywhere on your filesystem.
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### Pip (macOS, linux, unix, Windows)
```bash
pip3 install jc
```
### OS Package Repositories
| OS | Command |
|-----------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Debian/Ubuntu linux | `apt-get install jc` |
| Fedora linux | `dnf install jc` |
| openSUSE linux | `zypper install jc` |
| Arch linux | `pacman -S jc` |
| NixOS linux | `nix-env -iA nixpkgs.jc` or `nix-env -iA nixos.jc` |
| Guix System linux | `guix install jc` |
| MacOS | `brew install jc` |
| FreeBSD | `portsnap fetch update && cd /usr/ports/textproc/py-jc && make install clean` |
| Ansible filter plugin | `ansible-galaxy collection install community.general` |
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> For more packages and binaries, see the [jc packaging](https://kellyjonbrazil.github.io/jc-packaging/) site.
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## Usage
`jc` accepts piped input from `STDIN` and outputs a JSON representation of the previous command's output to `STDOUT`.
```bash
COMMAND | jc PARSER [OPTIONS]
```
Alternatively, the "magic" syntax can be used by prepending `jc` to the command to be converted. Options can be passed to `jc` immediately before the command is given. (Note: command aliases and shell builtins are not supported)
```bash
jc [OPTIONS] COMMAND
```
The JSON output can be compact (default) or pretty formatted with the `-p` option.
### Parsers
{% for parser in jc.parsers %}
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- `{{ parser.argument }}` enables the {{ parser.description }} ([documentation](https://kellyjonbrazil.github.io/jc/docs/parsers/{{ parser.name }})){% endfor %}
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### Options
- `-a` about `jc`. Prints information about `jc` and the parsers (in JSON, of course!)
- `-d` debug mode. Prints trace messages if parsing issues are encountered (use `-dd` for verbose debugging)
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- `-h` `jc` help. Use `jc -h --parser_name` for parser documentation
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- `-m` monochrome JSON output
- `-p` pretty format the JSON output
- `-q` quiet mode. Suppresses parser warning messages
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- `-r` raw output. Provides a more literal JSON output, typically with string values and no additional semantic processing
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- `-v` version information
### Setting Custom Colors via Environment Variable
You can specify custom colors via the `JC_COLORS` environment variable. The `JC_COLORS` environment variable takes four comma separated string values in the following format:
```bash
JC_COLORS=<keyname_color>,<keyword_color>,<number_color>,<string_color>
```
Where colors are: `black`, `red`, `green`, `yellow`, `blue`, `magenta`, `cyan`, `gray`, `brightblack`, `brightred`, `brightgreen`, `brightyellow`, `brightblue`, `brightmagenta`, `brightcyan`, `white`, or `default`
For example, to set to the default colors:
```bash
JC_COLORS=blue,brightblack,magenta,green
```
or
```bash
JC_COLORS=default,default,default,default
```
### Custom Parsers
Custom local parser plugins may be placed in a `jc/jcparsers` folder in your local **"App data directory"**:
- Linux/unix: `$HOME/.local/share/jc/jcparsers`
- macOS: `$HOME/Library/Application Support/jc/jcparsers`
- Windows: `$LOCALAPPDATA\jc\jc\jcparsers`
Local parser plugins are standard python module files. Use the [`jc/parsers/foo.py`](https://github.com/kellyjonbrazil/jc/blob/master/jc/parsers/foo.py) parser as a template and simply place a `.py` file in the `jcparsers` subfolder.
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Local plugin filenames must be valid python module names, therefore must consist entirely of alphanumerics and start with a letter. Local plugins may override default parsers.
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> Note: The application data directory follows the [XDG Base Directory Specification](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html)
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### Caveats
**Locale:**
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For best results set the `LANG` locale environment variable to `C`. For example, either by setting directly on the command-line:
```
$ LANG=C date | jc --date
```
or by exporting to the environment before running commands:
```
$ export LANG=C
```
**Timezones:**
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Some parsers have calculated epoch timestamp fields added to the output. Unless a timestamp field name has a `_utc` suffix it is considered naive. (i.e. based on the local timezone of the system the `jc` parser was run on).
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If a UTC timezone can be detected in the text of the command output, the timestamp will be timezone aware and have a `_utc` suffix on the key name. (e.g. `epoch_utc`) No other timezones are supported for aware timestamps.
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## Compatibility
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Some parsers like `dig`, `xml`, `csv`, etc. will work on any platform. Other parsers that convert platform-specific output will generate a warning message if they are run on an unsupported platform. To see all parser information, including compatibility, run `jc -ap`.
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You may still use a parser on an unsupported platform - for example, you may want to parse a file with linux `lsof` output on an macOS laptop. In that case you can suppress the warning message with the `-q` cli option or the `quiet=True` function parameter in `parse()`:
```bash
cat lsof.out | jc --lsof -q
```
Tested on:
- Centos 7.7
- Ubuntu 18.04
- Ubuntu 20.04
- Fedora32
- macOS 10.11.6
- macOS 10.14.6
- NixOS
- FreeBSD12
- Windows 10
## Contributions
Feel free to add/improve code or parsers! You can use the [`jc/parsers/foo.py`](https://github.com/kellyjonbrazil/jc/blob/master/jc/parsers/foo.py) parser as a template and submit your parser with a pull request.
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Please see the [Contributing Guidelines](https://github.com/kellyjonbrazil/jc/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) for more information.
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## Acknowledgments
- Local parser plugin feature contributed by [Dean Serenevy](https://github.com/duelafn)
- CI automation and code optimizations by [philippeitis](https://github.com/philippeitis)
- [`ifconfig-parser`](https://github.com/KnightWhoSayNi/ifconfig-parser) module by KnightWhoSayNi
- [`xmltodict`](https://github.com/martinblech/xmltodict) module by Martín Blech
- [`ruamel.yaml`](https://pypi.org/project/ruamel.yaml) module by Anthon van der Neut
- [`trparse`](https://github.com/lbenitez000/trparse) module by Luis Benitez
- Parsing [code](https://gist.github.com/cahna/43a1a3ff4d075bcd71f9d7120037a501) from Conor Heine adapted for some parsers
- Excellent constructive feedback from [Ilya Sher](https://github.com/ilyash-b)
## Examples
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Here are some examples of `jc` output. For more examples, see [here](https://kellyjonbrazil.github.io/jc/EXAMPLES) or the parser documentation.
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### arp
```bash
arp | jc --arp -p # or: jc -p arp
```
```json
[
{
"address": "gateway",
"hwtype": "ether",
"hwaddress": "00:50:56:f7:4a:fc",
"flags_mask": "C",
"iface": "ens33"
},
{
"address": "192.168.71.1",
"hwtype": "ether",
"hwaddress": "00:50:56:c0:00:08",
"flags_mask": "C",
"iface": "ens33"
},
{
"address": "192.168.71.254",
"hwtype": "ether",
"hwaddress": "00:50:56:fe:7a:b4",
"flags_mask": "C",
"iface": "ens33"
}
]
```
### CSV files
```bash
cat homes.csv
```
```
"Sell", "List", "Living", "Rooms", "Beds", "Baths", "Age", "Acres", "Taxes"
142, 160, 28, 10, 5, 3, 60, 0.28, 3167
175, 180, 18, 8, 4, 1, 12, 0.43, 4033
129, 132, 13, 6, 3, 1, 41, 0.33, 1471
...
```
```bash
cat homes.csv | jc --csv -p
```
```json
[
{
"Sell": "142",
"List": "160",
"Living": "28",
"Rooms": "10",
"Beds": "5",
"Baths": "3",
"Age": "60",
"Acres": "0.28",
"Taxes": "3167"
},
{
"Sell": "175",
"List": "180",
"Living": "18",
"Rooms": "8",
"Beds": "4",
"Baths": "1",
"Age": "12",
"Acres": "0.43",
"Taxes": "4033"
},
{
"Sell": "129",
"List": "132",
"Living": "13",
"Rooms": "6",
"Beds": "3",
"Baths": "1",
"Age": "41",
"Acres": "0.33",
"Taxes": "1471"
}
]
```
### /etc/hosts file
```bash
cat /etc/hosts | jc --hosts -p
```
```json
[
{
"ip": "127.0.0.1",
"hostname": [
"localhost"
]
},
{
"ip": "::1",
"hostname": [
"ip6-localhost",
"ip6-loopback"
]
},
{
"ip": "fe00::0",
"hostname": [
"ip6-localnet"
]
}
]
```
### ifconfig
```bash
ifconfig | jc --ifconfig -p # or: jc -p ifconfig
```
```json
[
{
"name": "ens33",
"flags": 4163,
"state": [
"UP",
"BROADCAST",
"RUNNING",
"MULTICAST"
],
"mtu": 1500,
"ipv4_addr": "192.168.71.137",
"ipv4_mask": "255.255.255.0",
"ipv4_bcast": "192.168.71.255",
"ipv6_addr": "fe80::c1cb:715d:bc3e:b8a0",
"ipv6_mask": 64,
"ipv6_scope": "0x20",
"mac_addr": "00:0c:29:3b:58:0e",
"type": "Ethernet",
"rx_packets": 8061,
"rx_bytes": 1514413,
"rx_errors": 0,
"rx_dropped": 0,
"rx_overruns": 0,
"rx_frame": 0,
"tx_packets": 4502,
"tx_bytes": 866622,
"tx_errors": 0,
"tx_dropped": 0,
"tx_overruns": 0,
"tx_carrier": 0,
"tx_collisions": 0,
"metric": null
}
]
```
### INI files
```bash
cat example.ini
```
```
[DEFAULT]
ServerAliveInterval = 45
Compression = yes
CompressionLevel = 9
ForwardX11 = yes
[bitbucket.org]
User = hg
[topsecret.server.com]
Port = 50022
ForwardX11 = no
```
```bash
cat example.ini | jc --ini -p
```
```json
{
"bitbucket.org": {
"serveraliveinterval": "45",
"compression": "yes",
"compressionlevel": "9",
"forwardx11": "yes",
"user": "hg"
},
"topsecret.server.com": {
"serveraliveinterval": "45",
"compression": "yes",
"compressionlevel": "9",
"forwardx11": "no",
"port": "50022"
}
}
```
### ls
```bash
$ ls -l /usr/bin | jc --ls -p # or: jc -p ls -l /usr/bin
```
```json
[
{
"filename": "apropos",
"link_to": "whatis",
"flags": "lrwxrwxrwx.",
"links": 1,
"owner": "root",
"group": "root",
"size": 6,
"date": "Aug 15 10:53"
},
{
"filename": "ar",
"flags": "-rwxr-xr-x.",
"links": 1,
"owner": "root",
"group": "root",
"size": 62744,
"date": "Aug 8 16:14"
},
{
"filename": "arch",
"flags": "-rwxr-xr-x.",
"links": 1,
"owner": "root",
"group": "root",
"size": 33080,
"date": "Aug 19 23:25"
}
]
```
### netstat
```bash
netstat -apee | jc --netstat -p # or: jc -p netstat -apee
```
```json
[
{
"proto": "tcp",
"recv_q": 0,
"send_q": 0,
"local_address": "localhost",
"foreign_address": "0.0.0.0",
"state": "LISTEN",
"user": "systemd-resolve",
"inode": 26958,
"program_name": "systemd-resolve",
"kind": "network",
"pid": 887,
"local_port": "domain",
"foreign_port": "*",
"transport_protocol": "tcp",
"network_protocol": "ipv4"
},
{
"proto": "tcp6",
"recv_q": 0,
"send_q": 0,
"local_address": "[::]",
"foreign_address": "[::]",
"state": "LISTEN",
"user": "root",
"inode": 30510,
"program_name": "sshd",
"kind": "network",
"pid": 1186,
"local_port": "ssh",
"foreign_port": "*",
"transport_protocol": "tcp",
"network_protocol": "ipv6"
},
{
"proto": "udp",
"recv_q": 0,
"send_q": 0,
"local_address": "localhost",
"foreign_address": "0.0.0.0",
"state": null,
"user": "systemd-resolve",
"inode": 26957,
"program_name": "systemd-resolve",
"kind": "network",
"pid": 887,
"local_port": "domain",
"foreign_port": "*",
"transport_protocol": "udp",
"network_protocol": "ipv4"
},
{
"proto": "raw6",
"recv_q": 0,
"send_q": 0,
"local_address": "[::]",
"foreign_address": "[::]",
"state": "7",
"user": "systemd-network",
"inode": 27001,
"program_name": "systemd-network",
"kind": "network",
"pid": 867,
"local_port": "ipv6-icmp",
"foreign_port": "*",
"transport_protocol": null,
"network_protocol": "ipv6"
},
{
"proto": "unix",
"refcnt": 2,
"flags": null,
"type": "DGRAM",
"state": null,
"inode": 33322,
"program_name": "systemd",
"path": "/run/user/1000/systemd/notify",
"kind": "socket",
"pid": 1607
}
]
```
### /etc/passwd file
```bash
cat /etc/passwd | jc --passwd -p
```
```json
[
{
"username": "root",
"password": "*",
"uid": 0,
"gid": 0,
"comment": "System Administrator",
"home": "/var/root",
"shell": "/bin/sh"
},
{
"username": "daemon",
"password": "*",
"uid": 1,
"gid": 1,
"comment": "System Services",
"home": "/var/root",
"shell": "/usr/bin/false"
}
]
```
### ping
```bash
ping 8.8.8.8 -c 3 | jc --ping -p # or: jc -p ping 8.8.8.8 -c 3
```
```json
{
"destination_ip": "8.8.8.8",
"data_bytes": 56,
"pattern": null,
"destination": "8.8.8.8",
"packets_transmitted": 3,
"packets_received": 3,
"packet_loss_percent": 0.0,
"duplicates": 0,
"time_ms": 2005.0,
"round_trip_ms_min": 23.835,
"round_trip_ms_avg": 30.46,
"round_trip_ms_max": 34.838,
"round_trip_ms_stddev": 4.766,
"responses": [
{
"type": "reply",
"timestamp": null,
"bytes": 64,
"response_ip": "8.8.8.8",
"icmp_seq": 1,
"ttl": 118,
"time_ms": 23.8,
"duplicate": false
},
{
"type": "reply",
"timestamp": null,
"bytes": 64,
"response_ip": "8.8.8.8",
"icmp_seq": 2,
"ttl": 118,
"time_ms": 34.8,
"duplicate": false
},
{
"type": "reply",
"timestamp": null,
"bytes": 64,
"response_ip": "8.8.8.8",
"icmp_seq": 3,
"ttl": 118,
"time_ms": 32.7,
"duplicate": false
}
]
}
```
### ps
```bash
ps axu | jc --ps -p # or: jc -p ps axu
```
```json
[
{
"user": "root",
"pid": 1,
"cpu_percent": 0.0,
"mem_percent": 0.1,
"vsz": 128072,
"rss": 6784,
"tty": null,
"stat": "Ss",
"start": "Nov09",
"time": "0:08",
"command": "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22"
},
{
"user": "root",
"pid": 2,
"cpu_percent": 0.0,
"mem_percent": 0.0,
"vsz": 0,
"rss": 0,
"tty": null,
"stat": "S",
"start": "Nov09",
"time": "0:00",
"command": "[kthreadd]"
},
{
"user": "root",
"pid": 4,
"cpu_percent": 0.0,
"mem_percent": 0.0,
"vsz": 0,
"rss": 0,
"tty": null,
"stat": "S<",
"start": "Nov09",
"time": "0:00",
"command": "[kworker/0:0H]"
}
]
```
### traceroute
```bash
traceroute -m 2 8.8.8.8 | jc --traceroute -p # or: jc -p traceroute -m 2 8.8.8.8
```
```json
{
"destination_ip": "8.8.8.8",
"destination_name": "8.8.8.8",
"hops": [
{
"hop": 1,
"probes": [
{
"annotation": null,
"asn": null,
"ip": "192.168.1.254",
"name": "dsldevice.local.net",
"rtt": 6.616
},
{
"annotation": null,
"asn": null,
"ip": "192.168.1.254",
"name": "dsldevice.local.net",
"rtt": 6.413
},
{
"annotation": null,
"asn": null,
"ip": "192.168.1.254",
"name": "dsldevice.local.net",
"rtt": 6.308
}
]
},
{
"hop": 2,
"probes": [
{
"annotation": null,
"asn": null,
"ip": "76.220.24.1",
"name": "76-220-24-1.lightspeed.sntcca.sbcglobal.net",
"rtt": 29.367
},
{
"annotation": null,
"asn": null,
"ip": "76.220.24.1",
"name": "76-220-24-1.lightspeed.sntcca.sbcglobal.net",
"rtt": 40.197
},
{
"annotation": null,
"asn": null,
"ip": "76.220.24.1",
"name": "76-220-24-1.lightspeed.sntcca.sbcglobal.net",
"rtt": 29.162
}
]
}
]
}
```
### uptime
```bash
uptime | jc --uptime -p # or: jc -p uptime
```
```json
{
"time": "11:35",
"uptime": "3 days, 4:03",
"users": 5,
"load_1m": 1.88,
"load_5m": 2.0,
"load_15m": 1.94,
"time_hour": 11,
"time_minute": 35,
"time_second": null,
"uptime_days": 3,
"uptime_hours": 4,
"uptime_minutes": 3,
"uptime_total_seconds": 273780
}
```
### XML files
```bash
cat cd_catalog.xml
```
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<CATALOG>
<CD>
<TITLE>Empire Burlesque</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Bob Dylan</ARTIST>
<COUNTRY>USA</COUNTRY>
<COMPANY>Columbia</COMPANY>
<PRICE>10.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1985</YEAR>
</CD>
<CD>
<TITLE>Hide your heart</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Bonnie Tyler</ARTIST>
<COUNTRY>UK</COUNTRY>
<COMPANY>CBS Records</COMPANY>
<PRICE>9.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1988</YEAR>
</CD>
...
```
```bash
cat cd_catalog.xml | jc --xml -p
```
```json
{
"CATALOG": {
"CD": [
{
"TITLE": "Empire Burlesque",
"ARTIST": "Bob Dylan",
"COUNTRY": "USA",
"COMPANY": "Columbia",
"PRICE": "10.90",
"YEAR": "1985"
},
{
"TITLE": "Hide your heart",
"ARTIST": "Bonnie Tyler",
"COUNTRY": "UK",
"COMPANY": "CBS Records",
"PRICE": "9.90",
"YEAR": "1988"
}
]
}
}
```
### YAML files
```bash
cat istio.yaml
```
```yaml
apiVersion: "authentication.istio.io/v1alpha1"
kind: "Policy"
metadata:
name: "default"
namespace: "default"
spec:
peers:
- mtls: {}
---
apiVersion: "networking.istio.io/v1alpha3"
kind: "DestinationRule"
metadata:
name: "default"
namespace: "default"
spec:
host: "*.default.svc.cluster.local"
trafficPolicy:
tls:
mode: ISTIO_MUTUAL
```
```bash
cat istio.yaml | jc --yaml -p
```
```json
[
{
"apiVersion": "authentication.istio.io/v1alpha1",
"kind": "Policy",
"metadata": {
"name": "default",
"namespace": "default"
},
"spec": {
"peers": [
{
"mtls": {}
}
]
}
},
{
"apiVersion": "networking.istio.io/v1alpha3",
"kind": "DestinationRule",
"metadata": {
"name": "default",
"namespace": "default"
},
"spec": {
"host": "*.default.svc.cluster.local",
"trafficPolicy": {
"tls": {
"mode": "ISTIO_MUTUAL"
}
}
}
}
]
```
{{ jc.copyright }}
