# Solution

<!--
// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
-->

```ignore
src
├── main.rs
├── widgets
│   ├── button.rs
│   ├── label.rs
│   └── window.rs
└── widgets.rs
```

```rust,ignore
// ---- src/widgets.rs ----
pub use button::Button;
pub use label::Label;
pub use window::Window;

mod button;
mod label;
mod window;

pub trait Widget {
    /// Natural width of `self`.
    fn width(&self) -> usize;

    /// Draw the widget into a buffer.
    fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);

    /// Draw the widget on standard output.
    fn draw(&self) {
        let mut buffer = String::new();
        self.draw_into(&mut buffer);
        println!("{buffer}");
    }
}
```

```rust,ignore
// ---- src/widgets/label.rs ----
use super::Widget;

pub struct Label {
    label: String,
}

impl Label {
    pub fn new(label: &str) -> Label {
        Label { label: label.to_owned() }
    }
}

impl Widget for Label {
    fn width(&self) -> usize {
        // ANCHOR_END: Label-width
        self.label.lines().map(|line| line.chars().count()).max().unwrap_or(0)
    }

    // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into
    fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {
        // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into
        writeln!(buffer, "{}", &self.label).unwrap();
    }
}
```

```rust,ignore
// ---- src/widgets/button.rs ----
use super::{Label, Widget};

pub struct Button {
    label: Label,
}

impl Button {
    pub fn new(label: &str) -> Button {
        Button { label: Label::new(label) }
    }
}

impl Widget for Button {
    fn width(&self) -> usize {
        // ANCHOR_END: Button-width
        self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding
    }

    // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into
    fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {
        // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into
        let width = self.width();
        let mut label = String::new();
        self.label.draw_into(&mut label);

        writeln!(buffer, "+{:-<width$}+", "").unwrap();
        for line in label.lines() {
            writeln!(buffer, "|{:^width$}|", &line).unwrap();
        }
        writeln!(buffer, "+{:-<width$}+", "").unwrap();
    }
}
```

```rust,ignore
// ---- src/widgets/window.rs ----
use super::Widget;

pub struct Window {
    title: String,
    widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,
}

impl Window {
    pub fn new(title: &str) -> Window {
        Window { title: title.to_owned(), widgets: Vec::new() }
    }

    pub fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {
        self.widgets.push(widget);
    }

    fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {
        std::cmp::max(
            self.title.chars().count(),
            self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),
        )
    }
}

impl Widget for Window {
    fn width(&self) -> usize {
        // ANCHOR_END: Window-width
        // Add 4 paddings for borders
        self.inner_width() + 4
    }

    // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into
    fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {
        // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into
        let mut inner = String::new();
        for widget in &self.widgets {
            widget.draw_into(&mut inner);
        }

        let inner_width = self.inner_width();

        // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change
        // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use
        // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().
        writeln!(buffer, "+-{:-<inner_width$}-+", "").unwrap();
        writeln!(buffer, "| {:^inner_width$} |", &self.title).unwrap();
        writeln!(buffer, "+={:=<inner_width$}=+", "").unwrap();
        for line in inner.lines() {
            writeln!(buffer, "| {:inner_width$} |", line).unwrap();
        }
        writeln!(buffer, "+-{:-<inner_width$}-+", "").unwrap();
    }
}
```

```rust,ignore
// ---- src/main.rs ----
mod widgets;

use widgets::{Button, Label, Widget, Window};

fn main() {
    let mut window = Window::new("Rust GUI Demo 1.23");
    window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new("This is a small text GUI demo.")));
    window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new("Click me!")));
    window.draw();
}
```
