From 6db71ebb1a45696cf11baa95cfd51cc6f79a2965 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Geisler Date: Fri, 31 Mar 2023 17:24:46 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Start Spanish translation (#539) The translation here comes from @wfranck, I merely resurrected it from #495. * Translated Day 1: Morning * Translated Day 1: Afternoon --------- Co-authored-by: Walter Javier Franck Co-authored-by: Kevin Islas --- po/es.po | 14068 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 14068 insertions(+) create mode 100644 po/es.po diff --git a/po/es.po b/po/es.po new file mode 100644 index 00000000..985dda68 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/es.po @@ -0,0 +1,14068 @@ +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-03-31 17:10+0200\n" +"Last-Translator: Walter Javier Franck \n" +"Language-Team: Spanish \n" +"Language: es\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n" +"X-Generator: Poedit 3.2.2\n" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:3 +msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀" +msgstr "Bienvenido a Comprehensive Rust 🦀" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:4 +msgid "Running the Course" +msgstr "Seguir el Curso" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:5 +msgid "Course Structure" +msgstr "Estructura del Curso" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:6 +msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts" +msgstr "Accesos Rápidos del Teclado" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:7 +msgid "Translations" +msgstr "Traducciones" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:8 +msgid "Using Cargo" +msgstr "Usando Cargo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:9 +msgid "Rust Ecosystem" +msgstr "Ecosistema Rust" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:10 +msgid "Code Samples" +msgstr "Ejemplos de Código" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:11 +msgid "Running Cargo Locally" +msgstr "Correr Cargo Localmente" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:14 +msgid "Day 1: Morning" +msgstr "Día 1: Mañana" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:18 src/SUMMARY.md:74 src/SUMMARY.md:127 src/SUMMARY.md:183 +msgid "Welcome" +msgstr "Bienvenido" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:19 +msgid "What is Rust?" +msgstr "¿Qué es Rust?" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:20 +msgid "Hello World!" +msgstr "¡Hola Mundo!" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:21 +msgid "Small Example" +msgstr "Ejemplo Rápido" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:22 +msgid "Why Rust?" +msgstr "¿Por qué Rust?" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:23 +msgid "Compile Time Guarantees" +msgstr "Tiempo de Compilación Garantizado" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:24 +msgid "Runtime Guarantees" +msgstr "Garantías en Tiempo de Ejecución" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:25 +msgid "Modern Features" +msgstr "Características Modernas" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:26 +msgid "Basic Syntax" +msgstr "Sintaxis Básica" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:27 +msgid "Scalar Types" +msgstr "Tipos Escalares" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:28 +msgid "Compound Types" +msgstr "Tipos Compuestos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:29 +msgid "References" +msgstr "Referencias" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:30 +msgid "Dangling References" +msgstr "Referencias Colgantes" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:31 +msgid "Slices" +msgstr "Slices" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:32 +msgid "String vs str" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:33 +msgid "Functions" +msgstr "Funciones" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:34 src/SUMMARY.md:81 +msgid "Methods" +msgstr "Métodos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:35 +msgid "Overloading" +msgstr "Sobrecarga" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:36 src/SUMMARY.md:65 src/SUMMARY.md:89 src/SUMMARY.md:118 src/SUMMARY.md:147 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:175 src/SUMMARY.md:198 src/SUMMARY.md:225 +msgid "Exercises" +msgstr "Ejercicios" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:37 +msgid "Implicit Conversions" +msgstr "Conversiones Implícitas" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:38 +msgid "Arrays and for Loops" +msgstr "Arrays y Loops for" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:40 +msgid "Day 1: Afternoon" +msgstr "Día 1: Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:42 +msgid "Variables" +msgstr "Variables" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:43 +msgid "Type Inference" +msgstr "Infererencia de Tipo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:44 +msgid "static & const" +msgstr "static & const" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:45 +msgid "Scopes and Shadowing" +msgstr "Scopes y Shadowing" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:46 +msgid "Memory Management" +msgstr "Manejo de Memoria" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:47 +msgid "Stack vs Heap" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:48 +msgid "Stack Memory" +msgstr "Stack de Memoria" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:49 +msgid "Manual Memory Management" +msgstr "Manejo Manual de Memoria" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:50 +msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management" +msgstr "Manejo de Memoria basado en Scope (ámbitos)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:51 +msgid "Garbage Collection" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:52 +msgid "Rust Memory Management" +msgstr "Manejo de la Memoria en Rust" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:53 +msgid "Comparison" +msgstr "Comparación" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:54 +msgid "Ownership" +msgstr "Ownership (dueño)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:55 +msgid "Move Semantics" +msgstr "Semantica de Transferencia" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:56 +msgid "Moved Strings in Rust" +msgstr "Mover Strings en Rust" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:57 +msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++" +msgstr "Frees Dobles en C++ Moderno" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:58 +msgid "Moves in Function Calls" +msgstr "Transferencia de Objetos en Llamadas de Funciones" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:59 +msgid "Copying and Cloning" +msgstr "Copiar y Clonar" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:60 +msgid "Borrowing" +msgstr "Préstamos (Referencias)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:61 +msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows" +msgstr "Préstamos Compartidos y Únicos (Referencias)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:62 +msgid "Lifetimes" +msgstr "Tiempo de Vida" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:63 +msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls" +msgstr "Tiempo de Vida en Llamadas de Funciones" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:64 +msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures" +msgstr "Tiempo de Vida de Estructuras de Datos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:66 +msgid "Designing a Library" +msgstr "Diseñando una Librería" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:67 +msgid "Iterators and Ownership" +msgstr "Iteradores y Ownership" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:70 +msgid "Day 2: Morning" +msgstr "Día 2: Mañana" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:75 +msgid "Structs" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:76 +msgid "Tuple Structs" +msgstr "Estructuras de Tuplas" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:77 +msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax" +msgstr "Sintaxis Abreviada de Campos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:78 +msgid "Enums" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:79 +msgid "Variant Payloads" +msgstr "Payloads Variantes" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:80 +msgid "Enum Sizes" +msgstr "Tamaños de Enum" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:82 +msgid "Method Receiver" +msgstr "Método Receptor" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:83 src/SUMMARY.md:158 src/SUMMARY.md:193 +msgid "Example" +msgstr "Ejemplo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:84 +msgid "Pattern Matching" +msgstr "Correspondencia de Patrones" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:85 +msgid "Destructuring Enums" +msgstr "Desestructurando Enums" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:86 +msgid "Destructuring Structs" +msgstr "Desestructurando Structs" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:87 +msgid "Destructuring Arrays" +msgstr "Desestructurando Arrays" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:88 +msgid "Match Guards" +msgstr "Guardas de Match" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:90 +msgid "Health Statistics" +msgstr "Estadísticas de Estado de Salud" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:91 +msgid "Points and Polygons" +msgstr "Puntos y Polígonos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:93 +msgid "Day 2: Afternoon" +msgstr "Día 2: Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:95 +msgid "Control Flow" +msgstr "Control de Flujo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:96 +msgid "Blocks" +msgstr "Bloques" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:97 +msgid "if expressions" +msgstr "expresiones if" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:98 +msgid "if let expressions" +msgstr "expresiones if let" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:99 +msgid "while expressions" +msgstr "expresiones while" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:100 +msgid "while let expressions" +msgstr "expresiones while let" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:101 +msgid "for expressions" +msgstr "expresiones for" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:102 +msgid "loop expressions" +msgstr "expresiones loop" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:103 +msgid "match expressions" +msgstr "expresiones match" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:104 +msgid "break & continue" +msgstr "break y continue" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:105 +msgid "Standard Library" +msgstr "Librería Standard" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:106 +msgid "Option and Result" +msgstr "Option y Result" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:107 +msgid "String" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:108 +msgid "Vec" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:109 +msgid "HashMap" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:110 +msgid "Box" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:111 +msgid "Recursive Data Types" +msgstr "Tipo de Datos Recursivos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:112 +msgid "Niche Optimization" +msgstr "Optimización de Nicho" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:113 +msgid "Rc" +msgstr "Rc" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:114 +msgid "Modules" +msgstr "Módulos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:115 +msgid "Visibility" +msgstr "Visibilidad" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:116 +msgid "Paths" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:117 +msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy" +msgstr "Jerarquía del Sistema de Archivos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:119 +msgid "Luhn Algorithm" +msgstr "Algoritmo de Luhn" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:120 +msgid "Strings and Iterators" +msgstr "Strings e Iteradores" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:123 +msgid "Day 3: Morning" +msgstr "Día 3: Mañana" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:128 +msgid "Traits" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:129 +msgid "Deriving Traits" +msgstr "Traits Derivados" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:130 +msgid "Default Methods" +msgstr "Métodos por Default" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:131 +msgid "Important Traits" +msgstr "Traits Importantes" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:132 +msgid "Iterator" +msgstr "Iteradores" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:133 +msgid "FromIterator" +msgstr "FromIterator" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:134 +msgid "From and Into" +msgstr "From e Into" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:135 +msgid "Read and Write" +msgstr "Read y Write" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:136 +msgid "Add, Mul, ..." +msgstr "Add, Mul, …." + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:137 +msgid "Drop" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:138 +msgid "Default" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:139 +msgid "Generics" +msgstr "Genéricos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:140 +msgid "Generic Data Types" +msgstr "Tipos de Datos Genéricos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:141 +msgid "Generic Methods" +msgstr "Métodos Genéricos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:142 +msgid "Trait Bounds" +msgstr "Límites Trait (Bounds)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:143 +msgid "impl Trait" +msgstr "impl Trait" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:144 +msgid "Closures" +msgstr "Cláusulas" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:145 +msgid "Monomorphization" +msgstr "Monomorphization" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:146 +msgid "Trait Objects" +msgstr "Objetos Trait" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:148 +msgid "A Simple GUI Library" +msgstr "Una Libraría Simple GUI" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:150 +msgid "Day 3: Afternoon" +msgstr "Día 3: Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:152 +msgid "Error Handling" +msgstr "Manejo de Errores" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:153 +msgid "Panics" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:154 +msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding" +msgstr "Catching Stack Unwinding" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:155 +msgid "Structured Error Handling" +msgstr "Manejo de Errores de Estructura" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:156 +msgid "Propagating Errors with ?" +msgstr "Propagación de Errores con ?" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:157 +msgid "Converting Error Types" +msgstr "Convirtiendo Tipos de Errores" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:159 +msgid "Deriving Error Enums" +msgstr "Derivando Errores Enum" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:160 +msgid "Dynamic Error Types" +msgstr "Tipos de Errores Dinámicos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:161 +msgid "Adding Context to Errors" +msgstr "Dando Contexto a los Errores" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:162 +msgid "Testing" +msgstr "Testeando" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:163 +msgid "Unit Tests" +msgstr "Testeo Unitario" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:164 +msgid "Test Modules" +msgstr "Módulos de Test" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:165 +msgid "Documentation Tests" +msgstr "Documentación de Test" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:166 +msgid "Integration Tests" +msgstr "Tests de Integración" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:167 +msgid "Unsafe Rust" +msgstr "Rust No Seguro (Unsafe)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:168 +msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers" +msgstr "Desreferenciar Punteros Raw" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:169 +msgid "Mutable Static Variables" +msgstr "Variables Mutables Estáticas" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:170 +msgid "Unions" +msgstr "Unions" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:171 +msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions" +msgstr "Llamando Funciones No Seguras" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:172 +msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions" +msgstr "Escribiendo Funciones No Seguras" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:173 +msgid "Extern Functions" +msgstr "Funciones Externas" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:174 +msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits" +msgstr "Implementando Traits No Seguros" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:176 +msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper" +msgstr "Wrappers FFI Seguros" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:179 +msgid "Day 4: Morning" +msgstr "Día 4: Mañana" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:184 +msgid "Concurrency" +msgstr "Concurrencia" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:185 +msgid "Threads" +msgstr "Hilos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:186 +msgid "Scoped Threads" +msgstr "Ámbito de los Hilos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:187 +msgid "Channels" +msgstr "Canales" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:188 +msgid "Unbounded Channels" +msgstr "Canales Ilimitados" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:189 +msgid "Bounded Channels" +msgstr "Canales Limitados" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:190 +msgid "Shared State" +msgstr "Estado Compartido" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:191 +msgid "Arc" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:192 +msgid "Mutex" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:194 +msgid "Send and Sync" +msgstr "Send y Sync" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:194 +msgid "Send" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:194 +msgid "Sync" +msgstr "Sync" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:197 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "Ejemplo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:199 +msgid "Dining Philosophers" +msgstr "Filosofía de la Cena" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:200 +msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker" +msgstr "Chequeo de Links Multi-hilos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:202 +msgid "Day 4: Afternoon" +msgstr "Día 4: Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:206 +msgid "Android" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:207 +msgid "Setup" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:208 +msgid "Build Rules" +msgstr "Reglas de Compilación (Build)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:209 +msgid "Binary" +msgstr "Binarios" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:210 +msgid "Library" +msgstr "Librería" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:211 +msgid "AIDL" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:212 +msgid "Interface" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:213 +msgid "Implementation" +msgstr "Implementación" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:214 +msgid "Server" +msgstr "Servidor" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:215 +msgid "Deploy" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:216 +msgid "Client" +msgstr "Cliente" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:217 +msgid "Changing API" +msgstr "Cambiando de API" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:218 +msgid "Logging" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:219 +msgid "Interoperability" +msgstr "Interoperabilidad" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:220 +msgid "With C" +msgstr "Con C" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:221 +msgid "Calling C with Bindgen" +msgstr "Invocar C desde Bindgen" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:222 +msgid "Calling Rust from C" +msgstr "Invocar Rust desde C" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:223 +msgid "With C++" +msgstr "Con C++" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:224 +msgid "With Java" +msgstr "Con Java" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:227 +msgid "Final Words" +msgstr "Palabras Finales" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:229 +msgid "Thanks!" +msgstr "Gracias!" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:230 +msgid "Other Resources" +msgstr "Otros Recursos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:231 +msgid "Credits" +msgstr "Créditos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:235 +msgid "Solutions" +msgstr "Soluciones" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:240 +msgid "Day 1 Morning" +msgstr "Día 1 Mañana" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:241 +msgid "Day 1 Afternoon" +msgstr "Día 1 Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:242 +msgid "Day 2 Morning" +msgstr "Día 2 Mañana" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:243 +msgid "Day 2 Afternoon" +msgstr "Día 2 Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:244 +msgid "Day 3 Morning" +msgstr "Día 3 Mañana" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:245 +msgid "Day 3 Afternoon" +msgstr "Día 3 Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:246 +msgid "Day 4 Morning" +msgstr "Día 4 Mañana" + +#: src/welcome.md:1 +msgid "# Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀" +msgstr "# Bienvenido a Comprehensive Rust 🦀" + +#: src/welcome.md:3 +msgid "" +"This is a four day Rust course developed by the Android team. The course covers\n" +"the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced topics like generics\n" +"and error handling. It also includes Android-specific content on the last day." +msgstr "" +"Este es un curso de Rust de cuatro días desarrollado por el team de Android. El curso cubre\n" +"el espectro completo de Rust, desde la sintaxis básica a tópicos avanzados como genéricos\n" +"y el manejo de errores. Para el último día también incluye contenido específico a Android." + +#: src/welcome.md:7 +msgid "" +"The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know anything\n" +"about Rust and hope to:" +msgstr "" +"El objetivo del curso es enseñarte Rust. Asumimos que no sabes nada\n" +"Acerca de Rust y esperamos que:" + +#: src/welcome.md:10 +msgid "" +"* Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language.\n" +"* Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust.\n" +"* Show you common Rust idioms." +msgstr "" +"* Darte un entendimiento comprensivo de la sintaxis y lenguaje Rust.\n" +"* Permitirte modificar programas de Rust y escribir otros nuevos.\n" +"* Brindarte idiomática propia de Rust." + +#: src/welcome.md:14 +msgid "On Day 4, we will cover Android-specific things such as:" +msgstr "En el Día 4, cubriremos cosas específicas a Android como:" + +#: src/welcome.md:16 +msgid "" +"* Building Android components in Rust.\n" +"* AIDL servers and clients.\n" +"* Interoperability with C, C++, and Java." +msgstr "" +"* Construir componentes en Rust.\n" +"* Clientes y servidores AIDL. \n" +"* Interoperabilidad con C, C++, y Java." + +#: src/welcome.md:20 +msgid "" +"It is important to note that this course does not cover Android **application** \n" +"development in Rust, and that the Android-specific parts are specifically about\n" +"writing code for Android itself, the operating system. " +msgstr "" +"Es importante destacar que este curso no cubre desarrollo de **aplicaciones** \n" +"Android en Rust, y que las partes específicas a Android son acerca de\n" +"escribir código para Android en sí, el sistema operativo. " + +#: src/welcome.md:24 +msgid "## Non-Goals" +msgstr "## No tiene por Objetivo" + +#: src/welcome.md:26 +msgid "" +"Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few days.\n" +"Some non-goals of this course are:" +msgstr "" +"Rust es un lenguaje extenso y no podemos cubrir todo de él en algunos días.\n" +"Algo de los No Objetivos es:" + +#: src/welcome.md:29 +msgid "" +"* Learn how to use async Rust --- we'll only mention async Rust when\n" +" covering traditional concurrency primitives. Please see [Asynchronous\n" +" Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) instead for\n" +" details on this topic.\n" +"* Learn how to develop macros, please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust\n" +" Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by\n" +" Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead." +msgstr "" +"* Aprender cómo usar Rust asincrónico —solo mencionaremos Rust async cuando\n" +"cubramos las primitivas de concurrencia tradicional. Por favor ver [Asynchronous\n" +" Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) para más detalles.\n" +"* Aprender como escribir macros, en cambio por favor ver [Capítulo 19.5 en el Libro de\n" +"Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) y [Rust by\n" +" Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html)." + +#: src/welcome.md:37 +msgid "## Assumptions" +msgstr "## Suposiciones" + +#: src/welcome.md:39 +msgid "" +"The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a statically\n" +"typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and C++ to better\n" +"explain or contrast the Rust approach." +msgstr "" +"El curso asume que ya sabes programar. Rust es un lenguaje de tipado estático y \n" +"algunas veces trataremos comparaciones con C y C++ para explicar mejor o\n" +"contrastar la aproximación de Rust." + +#: src/welcome.md:43 +msgid "" +"If you know how to program in a dynamically typed language such as Python or\n" +"JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too." +msgstr "" +"Si sabes como programar en un lenguaje de tapado dinámico como Python o\n" +"JavaScript, también podrás seguir el contenido a lo largo del curso." + +#: src/welcome.md:46 src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:19 src/cargo/code-samples.md:22 +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:68 src/welcome-day-1.md:14 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:19 +#: src/hello-world.md:20 src/hello-world/small-example.md:21 src/why-rust.md:9 +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:14 src/why-rust/runtime.md:8 src/why-rust/modern.md:19 +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:28 src/basic-syntax/slices.md:18 +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:25 src/basic-syntax/functions.md:33 +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:25 src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:9 +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:90 src/basic-syntax/variables.md:15 +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:24 src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:46 +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:23 src/memory-management/stack.md:26 +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:12 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:20 +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:18 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:33 +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:25 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:23 +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:27 src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:23 +#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:9 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:35 +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:25 src/enums/variant-payloads.md:33 src/methods.md:28 +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:33 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:19 +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:20 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:9 +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:115 src/control-flow/blocks.md:40 +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:29 src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:19 +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:25 src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:25 +#: src/std/option-result.md:16 src/std/string.md:28 src/std/vec.md:35 src/std/hashmap.md:36 +#: src/std/box.md:32 src/std/box-recursive.md:31 src/std/rc.md:29 src/modules.md:26 +#: src/modules/visibility.md:37 src/modules/filesystem.md:24 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:5 +#: src/traits.md:39 src/traits/iterator.md:30 src/traits/from-iterator.md:15 +#: src/traits/operators.md:24 src/traits/drop.md:32 src/traits/default.md:38 +#: src/generics/methods.md:23 src/generics/trait-bounds.md:33 src/generics/impl-trait.md:22 +#: src/generics/closures.md:23 src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:5 src/error-handling/result.md:25 +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:48 src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:48 +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:37 src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:34 +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:33 src/unsafe.md:26 src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:24 +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:30 src/unsafe/unions.md:19 +#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:31 src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:19 +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:28 src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:5 src/concurrency/threads.md:28 +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:25 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:27 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:21 src/concurrency/send-sync.md:18 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:12 src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:10 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:81 src/exercises/day-4/afternoon.md:10 +msgid "
" +msgstr "
" + +#: src/welcome.md:48 +msgid "" +"This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional\n" +"information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor should\n" +"cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class." +msgstr "" +"Este es un ejemplo de _nota del speaker_. Usaremos esto para agregar información \n" +"adicional a las diapositivas. Esto puede ser el punto clave en el cual el instructor podría\n" +"cubrir respuestas a preguntas comunes." + +#: src/welcome.md:52 src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:67 src/cargo/code-samples.md:35 +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:74 src/welcome-day-1.md:42 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:29 +#: src/hello-world.md:36 src/hello-world/small-example.md:44 src/why-rust.md:24 +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:35 src/why-rust/runtime.md:22 src/why-rust/modern.md:66 +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:62 src/basic-syntax/references.md:28 +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:36 src/basic-syntax/functions.md:54 src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:28 +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:95 src/basic-syntax/variables.md:20 +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:48 src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:52 +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:39 src/memory-management/stack.md:49 +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:18 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:26 +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:26 src/ownership/borrowing.md:51 +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:29 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:60 +#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:15 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:103 src/structs.md:41 +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:41 src/enums/sizes.md:136 src/methods/example.md:53 +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:39 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:46 +#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:15 src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:125 +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:26 src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:29 +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:27 src/std.md:31 src/std/option-result.md:25 +#: src/std/string.md:33 src/std/vec.md:49 src/std/hashmap.md:66 src/std/rc.md:66 src/modules.md:32 +#: src/modules/visibility.md:48 src/modules/filesystem.md:53 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:11 +#: src/traits.md:54 src/traits/from-iterator.md:26 src/traits/operators.md:38 src/traits/drop.md:42 +#: src/traits/default.md:47 src/generics/methods.md:31 src/generics/closures.md:38 +#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:11 src/error-handling/try-operator.md:55 +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:60 +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:45 src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:41 +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:42 src/unsafe.md:32 src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:42 +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:35 src/unsafe/unions.md:28 +#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:38 src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:28 +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:37 src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:11 src/concurrency/threads.md:45 +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:32 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:38 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:60 src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:18 +#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:16 src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:86 +#: src/exercises/day-4/afternoon.md:15 +msgid "
" +msgstr "
" + +#: src/running-the-course.md:1 +msgid "# Running the Course" +msgstr "# Ejecutar el Curso" + +#: src/running-the-course.md:3 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:3 +msgid "> This page is for the course instructor." +msgstr "> Esta página es para el instructor del curso." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:5 +msgid "" +"Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the course\n" +"internally at Google." +msgstr "" +"Aquí hay un poco de información de fondo acerca de como nosotros hemos llevado a cabo el curso\n" +"Internamente en Google." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:8 +msgid "To run the course, you need to:" +msgstr "Para hacer el curso, necesitas:" + +#: src/running-the-course.md:10 +msgid "" +"1. Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker notes\n" +" on some of the pages to help highlight the key points (please help us by\n" +" contributing more speaker notes!). You should make sure to open the speaker\n" +" notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker\n" +" Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class." +msgstr "" +"1. Estar familiarizado con el material del curso. Incluimos notas para el orador\n" +"en algunas páginas para ayudar a destacar algunos puntos clave (por favor ayúdanos \n" +"sumando con más notas!). Deberías estar seguro de abrir notas en un popup (click en el \n" +"link con una pequeña flecha al lado de \"Speaker Notes\"). De esta manera tendrás\n" +"la pantalla limpia para los oyentes de la clase." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:16 +msgid "" +"2. Decide on the dates. Since the course is large, we recommend that you\n" +" schedule the four days over two weeks. Course participants have said that\n" +" they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them process\n" +" all the information we give them." +msgstr "" +"2. Determina las fechas. Debido que el curso es largo, recomendamos que\n" +"planifiques un calendario de cuatro días en dos semanas. Los participantes del curso \n" +"deben encontrar útil tener un espacio en el curso ya que ayuda a procesar\n" +"toda la información que daremos." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:21 +msgid "" +"3. Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a\n" +" class size of 15-20 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable\n" +" asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have\n" +" time to answer the questions." +msgstr "" +"3. Encuentra un lugar grande lo suficiente para los participantes. Recomendamos una \n" +"clase del tamaño de 15-20 personas. Es lo mínimo necesario para estar cómodos \n" +"respondiendo preguntas ---y también para que un instructor tenga tiempo \n" +"para responder las preguntas." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:26 +msgid "" +"4. On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things\n" +" up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your\n" +" laptop (see the [installation instructions][5]). This ensures optimal performance with no lag " +"as you change pages.\n" +" Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as you or the course\n" +" participants spot them." +msgstr "" +"4. En el día del curso, llega al lugar antes para tener las cosas listas.\n" +" Recomendamos hacer la presentación usando directamente `mdbook serve` corriendo en tu\n" +" notebook (vea la [instrucción de instalación][5]). Esto asegura la mejor performance si lag al cambiar de página.\n" +" Usar tu laptop te permitirá corregir errores tipográficos que tú o los participantes encuentren en el curso." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:32 +msgid "" +"5. Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. Make sure to\n" +" ask people if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When\n" +" you see that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class\n" +" and offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant\n" +" information in the standard library." +msgstr "" +"5. Permite a las personas resolver los ejercicios ellos mismos o en grupos pequeños. Asegúrate de\n" +" preguntar a las personas si están trabadas o si hay algo en que puedas ayudarlos. Cuando\n" +" Veas varias personas tienen el mismo problema, háblalo con todos y ofrece una solución, por ejemplo, mostrando a las personas dónde encontrar información de librerías estándar." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:38 +msgid "" +"6. If you don't skip the Android specific parts on Day 4, you will need an [AOSP\n" +" checkout][1]. Make a checkout of the [course repository][2] on the same\n" +" machine and move the `src/android/` directory into the root of your AOSP\n" +" checkout. This will ensure that the Android build system sees the\n" +" `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`." +msgstr "" +"6. Si no saltas la parte del Día 4 específica de Android, necesitarás un [AOSP\n" +" checkout][1]. Haz un checkout del [repositorio del curso][2] en la misma\n" +" Máquina y moviendo el directorio `src/android/` a la raíz de tu archivos AOSP de ‘Android.bp’ en `src/android/`." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:44 +msgid "" +" Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build\n" +" all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to see\n" +" the commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand." +msgstr "" +" Asegúrate que `adb sync` funciona con tu emulador o en un dispositivo físico y haz pre-build\n" +" en todos los ejemplos de Android usando `src/android/build_all.sh`. Lee el script para ver\n" +" los comandos que corren y asegúrate que funcionan cuando lo corres a mano." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:48 +msgid "" +"That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun for\n" +"you as it has been for us!" +msgstr "" +"Esto es todo, buena suerte haciendo el curso! Esperamos que hacerlo sea tan placentero para\n" +"ti como lo fue para nosotros!" + +#: src/running-the-course.md:51 +msgid "" +"Please [provide feedback][3] afterwards so that we can keep improving the\n" +"course. We would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made\n" +"better. Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback][4]!" +msgstr "" +"Por favor luego [proporciona comentarios][3] para que podamos mejorar el curso.\n" +"Nos encantaría saber cómo fue y qué podríamos hacer mejor.\n" +"Los estudiantes también son bienvenidos para que [nos envíen feedback][4]!" + +#: src/running-the-course.md:55 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://source.android.com/docs/setup/download/downloading\n" +"[2]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust\n" +"[3]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/86\n" +"[4]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100\n" +"[5]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust#building" +msgstr "" +"[1]: https://source.android.com/docs/setup/download/downloading\n" +"[2]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust\n" +"[3]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/86\n" +"[4]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100\n" +"[5]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust#building" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:1 +msgid "# Course Structure" +msgstr "# Estructura del Curso" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:5 +msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:" +msgstr "Este curso es acelerado y cubre muchos temas:" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:7 +msgid "" +"* Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker.\n" +"* Day 2: Compound data types, pattern matching, the standard library.\n" +"* Day 3: Traits and generics, error handling, testing, unsafe Rust.\n" +"* Day 4: Concurrency in Rust and interoperability with other languages" +msgstr "" +"* Día 1: Rust Básico, propiedad y chequeo de préstamos.\n" +"* Día 2: Tipos de datos compuestos, coincidencia de patrones, la librería estándar.\n" +"* Día 3: Traits y Genéricos, manejo de errores, testing, Rust no seguro.\n" +"* Día 4: Concurrencia en Rust e interoperatiblidad con otros lenguajes" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:12 +msgid "" +"> **Exercise for Day 4:** Do you interface with some C/C++ code in your project\n" +"> which we could attempt to move to Rust? The fewer dependencies the better.\n" +"> Parsing code would be ideal." +msgstr "" +"> **Ejecicio del Día 4:** Comunicarte con alegan código C/C++ en tu proyecto\n" +"> que podrías migrar a Rust? Con menos dependencias es lo mejor.\n" +"> Parsear el código sería lo ideal." + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:16 +msgid "## Format" +msgstr "## Formato" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:18 +msgid "" +"The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the\n" +"questions drive the exploration of Rust!" +msgstr "" +"El curso tiene la intención de ser muy interactivo y recomendamos dejar que las preguntas lleven a " +"explorar Rust!" + +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:1 +msgid "# Keyboard Shortcuts" +msgstr "# Atajos de Teclado" + +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:3 +msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:" +msgstr "Tenemos varios atajos de teclados útiles en mdBook:" + +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5 +msgid "" +"* Arrow-Left: Navigate to the previous page.\n" +"* Arrow-Right: Navigate to the next page.\n" +"* Ctrl + Enter: Execute the code sample that has focus.\n" +"* s: Activate the search bar." +msgstr "" +"* Arrow-Left: Navigar a la página anterior.\n" +"* Arrow-Right: Navigar a la página siguiente.\n" +"* Ctrl + Enter: Ejecuta el código de ejemplo seleccionado.\n" +"* s: Activa la barra de búsqueda." + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:1 +msgid "# Translations" +msgstr "# Traducción" + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:3 +msgid "" +"The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful\n" +"volunteers:" +msgstr "" +"El curso ha sido traducido a otros lenguajes por una serie de maravillosos\n" +"voluntarios:" + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:6 +msgid "" +"* [Brazilian Portuguese][pt-BR] by [@rastringer] and [@hugojacob].\n" +"* [Korean][ko] by [@keispace], [@jiyongp] and [@jooyunghan]." +msgstr "" +"* [Brazilian Portuguese][pt-BR] por [@rastringer] and [@hugojacob].\n" +"* [Korean][ko] por [@keispace], [@jiyongp] and [@jooyunghan].\n" +"* [Spanish][es] por [@wfranck]." + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:9 +msgid "Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages." +msgstr "" +"Selecciona el lenguaje en el globo en la esquina superior derecha para cambiar entre lenguajes." + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:11 +msgid "" +"If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions] for how to\n" +"get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker]." +msgstr "" +"Si gustas contribuir con traducciones, por favor revisa [nuestras instrucciones] para \n" +"saber cómo. Las traducciones son coordinadas en el [issue tracker]." + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:14 +msgid "" +"[pt-BR]: https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/\n" +"[ko]: https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/\n" +"[@rastringer]: https://github.com/rastringer\n" +"[@hugojacob]: https://github.com/hugojacob\n" +"[@keispace]: https://github.com/keispace\n" +"[@jiyongp]: https://github.com/jiyongp\n" +"[@jooyunghan]: https://github.com/jooyunghan\n" +"[our instructions]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md\n" +"[issue tracker]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282" +msgstr "" +"[es]: https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/es/\n" +"[pt-BR]: https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/\n" +"[ko]: https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/\n" +"[@wfranck]: https://github.com/wfranck\n" +"[@rastringer]: https://github.com/rastringer\n" +"[@hugojacob]: https://github.com/hugojacob\n" +"[@keispace]: https://github.com/keispace\n" +"[@jiyongp]: https://github.com/jiyongp\n" +"[@jooyunghan]: https://github.com/jooyunghan\n" +"[our instructions]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md\n" +"[issue tracker]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282" + +#: src/cargo.md:1 +msgid "# Using Cargo" +msgstr "# Usando Cargo" + +#: src/cargo.md:3 +msgid "" +"When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/), " +"the standard tool\n" +"used in the Rust ecosystem to build and run Rust applications. Here we want to\n" +"give a brief overview of what Cargo is and how it fits into the wider ecosystem\n" +"and how it fits into this training." +msgstr "" +"Cuando comienzas a leer acerca de Rust, descubrirás [Cargo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/), la herramienta estándar\n" +"Usada en el ecosistema Rust para construir y correr aplicaciones Rust. Aquí queremos\n" +"Dar una breve reseña de qué es Cargo y cómo forma parte del amplio ecosistema y\n" +"como encaja en este curso." + +#: src/cargo.md:8 +msgid "## Installation" +msgstr "## Instalación" + +#: src/cargo.md:10 +msgid "### Rustup (Recommended)" +msgstr "### Rustup (Recomendado)" + +#: src/cargo.md:12 +msgid "" +"You can follow the instructions to install cargo and rust compiler, among other standard ecosystem " +"tools with the [rustup][3] tool, which is maintained by the Rust Foundation." +msgstr "Puedes seguir las instrucciones para instalar cargo y el compilador de Rust, además de otras herramientas estándar con la herramienta [rustup][3], que es mantenida por la Fundación Rust." + +#: src/cargo.md:14 +msgid "" +"Along with cargo and rustc, Rustup will install itself as a command line utility that you can use " +"to install/switch toolchains, setup cross compilation, etc." +msgstr "Con cargo y rustc, Rustup por sí mismo se instalará como una utilidad de línea de comando que puedes usar para instalar/cambiar entre herramientas, configurar compilaciones cruzadas, etc." + +#: src/cargo.md:16 +msgid "### Package Managers" +msgstr "### Package Managers" + +#: src/cargo.md:18 +msgid "#### Debian" +msgstr "" + +#: src/cargo.md:20 +msgid "On Debian/Ubuntu, you can install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust formatter][6] with" +msgstr "En Debian/Ubuntu, puedes instalar Cargo, el código fuente de Rust y el [Rust formatter][6] con" + +#: src/cargo.md:22 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/cargo.md:26 +msgid "" +"This will allow [rust-analyzer][1] to jump to the definitions. We suggest using\n" +"[VS Code][2] to edit the code (but any LSP compatible editor works)." +msgstr "" +"Esto permitirá a [rust-analyzer][1] saltar a las definiciones. Sugerimos usar\n" +"[VS Code][2] para editar código (pero cualquier editor LSP compatible funcionará)." + +#: src/cargo.md:29 +msgid "" +"Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains][4] family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but " +"have their own tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin][5]. Please take " +"note that as of January 2023 debugging only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite." +msgstr "" +"A algunos colegas también les gusta usar IDEs [JetBrains][4], que hacen su propio análisis y tienen diferentes ventajas. Si prefieres usarlos, puedes instalar el [Rust Plugin].\n" +"Por favor tén en cuenta que a Enero 2023 el debugging solo funciona en la versión CLion de JetBrains IDEA." + +#: src/cargo.md:31 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/\n" +"[2]: https://code.visualstudio.com/\n" +"[3]: https://rustup.rs/\n" +"[4]: https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/\n" +"[5]: https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/\n" +"[6]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt" +msgstr "" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1 +msgid "# The Rust Ecosystem" +msgstr "# El Ecosistema Rust" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3 +msgid "The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:" +msgstr "El ecosistema Rust consiste en un número de herramientas, entre las cuales contamos como principales:" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5 +msgid "" +"* `rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other\n" +" intermediate formats." +msgstr "" +"* `rustc`: el compilador Rustque cambia archivos`.rs` a binarios y a otros\n" +" formatos intermedios." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:8 +msgid "" +"* `cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to\n" +" download dependencies hosted on and it will pass them to\n" +" `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a built-in test\n" +" runner which is used to execute unit tests." +msgstr "" +"* `cargo`: la herramienta de manejo y build de Rust. Cargo sabe como \n" +"descargar dependencias guardadas en y enviará ellas a\n" +"`rustc` cuando arme tu proyecto. Cargo también trae incluida una herramienta de test \n" +"que es usada para ejecutar test unitarios." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:13 +msgid "" +"* `rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to\n" +" install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust is released.\n" +" In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the standard\n" +" library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once and `rustup`\n" +" will let you switch between them as needed." +msgstr "" +"* `rustup`: es la herramienta Rust para hacer instalaciones y actualizaciones. Esta herramienta es " +"usada para\n" +"Instalar y actualizar `rustc` y `cargo` cuando salen nuevas versiones de Rust.\n" +"Además, `rustup` también puede descargar documentación para las librerías estándar.\n" +"Puedes tener múltiples versiones de Rust instaladas al mismo tiempo y `rustup`\n" +"te dejará cambiar entre ellas cuando lo necesites." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25 src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 +#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:10 src/why-rust/modern.md:21 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:30 +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:50 src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:50 +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:30 +msgid "Key points:" +msgstr "Puntos clave:" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:23 +msgid "" +"* Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out\n" +" every six weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with\n" +" old releases --- plus they enable new functionality." +msgstr "" +"* Rust tiene un programa de lanzamientos rápidos con una nueva versión \n" +"cada seis semanas. Cada nuevo lanzamiento será retrocompatible con \n" +"viejas versiones --- además que agregan nueva funcionalidad." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:27 +msgid "* There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"." +msgstr "* Para las raleases tenemos tres canales: \"estable\", \"beta\", y \"nightly\"." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:29 +msgid "" +"* New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes\n" +" \"stable\" every six weeks." +msgstr "" +"* Nuevas características se testean en \"nightly\" y \"beta\" pasa a \n" +"\"restable\" cada seis semanas." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:32 +msgid "" +"* Rust also has [editions]: the current edition is Rust 2021. Previous\n" +" editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018." +msgstr "" +"* Rust también tiene [ediciones]: la edición actual es Rust 2021. Las ediciones anteriores fueron " +"Rust 2015 y Rust 2018." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:35 +msgid "" +" * The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to\n" +" the language." +msgstr " * Las ediciones nuevas introducen cambios al lenguaje que no son retrocompatibles." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:38 +msgid "" +" * To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the\n" +" edition for your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file." +msgstr "" +" Para prevenir romper el código, se elige la versión: seleccionas la edición\n" +" para tu paquete vía el archivo `Cargo.toml`." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:41 +msgid "" +" * To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code\n" +" written for different editions." +msgstr "" +" * Para evitar dividir los ecosistemas, los compiladores de Rust pueden mezclar código\n" +" escrito para diferentes ediciones." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:44 +msgid "" +" * Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through `cargo` (most " +"users never do)." +msgstr "" +" * Hay que decir que es raro necesitar usar el compilador directamente y no a travez de `cargo` " +"(la mayoría de los usuarios jamás lo hace)." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:46 +msgid "" +" * It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and comprehensive tool. " +"It is capable of many advanced features including but not limited to: \n" +" * Project/package structure\n" +" * [workspaces]\n" +" * Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching\n" +" * [build scripting]\n" +" * [global installation]\n" +" * It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo clippy]).\n" +" * Read more from the [official Cargo Book]" +msgstr "" +" * Vale la pena mencionar que Cargo en sí es una herramienta extremadamente poderosa e integral. " +"Es capaz de hacer muchas cosas avanzadas y no limitadas a: \n" +" * Estructura del proyecto/package \n" +" * [workspaces] \n" +" * Manejo/Caché de Dependencias de Desarrollo y de Runtime \n" +" * [build scripting] \n" +" * [instalación global] \n" +" * También es extensible con plugins de subcomandos (como es [cargo clippy]). \n" +" * Lee más en el [Libro Oficial de Cargo]" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:55 +msgid "[editions]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/" +msgstr "[ediciones]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:57 +msgid "[workspaces]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:59 +msgid "[build scripting]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:61 +msgid "[global installation]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install.html" +msgstr "[instalación global]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install.html" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:63 +msgid "[cargo clippy]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy" +msgstr "" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:65 +msgid "[official Cargo Book]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/" +msgstr "[Libro Oficial de Cargo]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/" + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1 +msgid "# Code Samples in This Training" +msgstr "# Códigos de Ejemplo en Esta Práctica" + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3 +msgid "" +"For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through examples\n" +"which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier and\n" +"ensures a consistent experience for everyone." +msgstr "" +"Para esta práctica, principalmente exploraremos el lenguaje Rust a través de ejemplos\n" +"los cuales pueden correrse en el browser. Esto hace la configuración mucho mas fácil y\n" +"asegura consistencia en la experiencia de cada uno." + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7 +msgid "" +"Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do the\n" +"exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you how to\n" +"work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo." +msgstr "" +"Claro que se sigue recomendando instalar Cargo: será más fácil para tí para hacer los\n" +"ejercicios. En el último día haremos un ejercicio el cual te mostrará cómo\n" +"Trabajar con dependencias y para eso necesitarás Cargo." + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11 +msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:" +msgstr "Los bloques de código en este curso son totalmente interactivos:" + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:13 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Modifícame!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19 +msgid "" +"You can use Ctrl + Enter to execute the code when focus is in the\n" +"text box." +msgstr "Puedes usar Ctrl + Enter paraejecutar código cuando se hace foco en el text box." + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24 +msgid "" +"Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples\n" +"are not editable for various reasons:" +msgstr "" +"La mayor parte de los ejemplos son editables como se muestra arriba. Unos pocos ejemplos\n" +"no son editables por varias razones:" + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27 +msgid "" +"* The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the\n" +" code and open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests." +msgstr "" +"* En los bloques de código embebido no pueden ejecutarse test unitarios. Copia y pega el código y " +"ábrelo en un entorno real para comprobar test unitarios." + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:30 +msgid "" +"* The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate\n" +" away from the page! This is the reason that the students should\n" +" solve the exercises using a local Rust installation or via the\n" +" Playground." +msgstr "" +"* Los espacios de código embebido pierden su estado en el momento que navegas\n" +"fuera de la página! Eta es la razón por la que los estudiantes deben\n" +"resolver los ejercicios usando una instalación local de Rust o vía esos\n" +"espacios de trabajo con código." + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1 +msgid "# Running Code Locally with Cargo" +msgstr "# Correr Código Localmente con Cargo" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3 +msgid "" +"If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will need\n" +"to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the Rust\n" +"Book][1]. This should give you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time of\n" +"writing, the latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:" +msgstr "" +"Si quieres probar código en tu computadora, primero necesitarás \n" +"instalar Rust. Para esto sigue las [instrucciones en el Libro de \n" +"Rust][1]. Esto debería darte para usar un `rustc` y `cargo`. Al tiempo que se \n" +"escribe esto, la última versión estable de Rust tiene estos números de versiones:" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:8 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"% rustc --version\n" +"rustc 1.61.0 (fe5b13d68 2022-05-18)\n" +"% cargo --version\n" +"cargo 1.61.0 (a028ae4 2022-04-29)\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:15 +msgid "" +"With this is in place, then follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one\n" +"of the examples in this training:" +msgstr "" +"Con esto en su lugar, sigue las instrucciones para hacer un build de los binarios de Rust desde\n" +"uno de los ejemplos de este curso:" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:18 +msgid "1. Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy." +msgstr "1. Click sobre el botón \"Copy to clipboard\" en el ejemplo que quieres copiar." + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:20 +msgid "2. Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:" +msgstr "2. Usa `cargo new ejercicio` para crear una nueva carpeta `ejercicio/` para tu código:" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:22 +msgid "" +" ```shell\n" +" $ cargo new exercise\n" +" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n" +" ```" +msgstr "" +" ```shell\n" +" $ cargo new ejercicio\n" +" Created binary (application) `ejercicio` package\n" +" ```" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:27 +msgid "3. Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:" +msgstr "3. Ve hasta `ejercicio/` y usa `cargo run` para hacer build y ejecutar tus binarios:" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:29 +msgid "" +" ```shell\n" +" $ cd exercise\n" +" $ cargo run\n" +" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" +" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n" +" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" +" Hello, world!\n" +" ```" +msgstr "" +" ```shell\n" +" $ cd ejercicio\n" +" $ cargo run\n" +" Compiling ejercicio v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" +" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n" +" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" +" Hola Mundo!\n" +" ```" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:38 +msgid "" +"4. Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For\n" +" example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like" +msgstr "" +"4. Reemplaza el código base en `src/main.rs` con tu propio código. Por\n" +" ejemplo, usando el ejemplo de la página anterior, haciendo que `src/main.rs` quede como" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:41 +msgid "" +" ```rust\n" +" fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" +" }\n" +" ```" +msgstr "" +" ```rust\n" +" fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Modifícame!\");\n" +" }\n" +" ```" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:47 +msgid "5. Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:" +msgstr "5. Usa `cargo run` para hacer build y ejecutar tu binario actualizado:" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:49 +msgid "" +" ```shell\n" +" $ cargo run\n" +" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" +" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n" +" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" +" Edit me!\n" +" ```" +msgstr "" +" ```shell\n" +" $ cargo run\n" +" Compiling ejercicio v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/ejercicio)\n" +" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n" +" Running `target/debug/ejercicio`\n" +" Modifícame!\n" +" ```" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:57 +msgid "" +"6. Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo build`\n" +" to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/debug/`\n" +" for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an optimized\n" +" release build in `target/release/`." +msgstr "" +"6. Usa `cargo check` para controlar rápido tu proyecto por errores, usando `cargo build`\n" +"para compilar sin ejecutarlo. Podrás encontrar el resultado en `target/debug/`\n" +"para un debug de build normal. Usa `cargo build —release` para hacer un release\n" +"optimizado del build en `target/release/`." + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:62 +msgid "" +"7. You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you\n" +" run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing\n" +" dependencies for you." +msgstr "" +"7. Puedes agregar dependencias para trueque proyecto editando `cargo.toml`. Cuando corres\n" +"el comando `cargo`, automáticamente descargará y compilará las dependencias faltantes." + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:66 +msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:70 +msgid "" +"Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a\n" +"local editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a\n" +"normal development environment." +msgstr "" +"Trata de motivar a los participantes de la clase para instalar Cargo y usar un editor\n" +"de código local. Esto hará que tu vida sea más fácil porque tienen un IDE normal." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:1 +msgid "# Welcome to Day 1" +msgstr "# Bienvenido al Día 1" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:3 +msgid "" +"This is the first day of Comprehensive Rust. We will cover a lot of ground\n" +"today:" +msgstr "Este es el primer día de Comprehensive Rust. Cubririemos un montón de contenido:" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:6 +msgid "" +"* Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs,\n" +" references, functions, and methods." +msgstr "" +"* sintaxis básica Rust: variables, scalar y tipos compuestos, enums, structs, \n" +" references, funciones, y métodos." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:9 +msgid "" +"* Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based memory\n" +" management, and garbage collection." +msgstr "" +"* Manejo de memoria: stack vs heap, manejo manual de memoria, manejo de memoria \n" +"scope-based, y garaje collection." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:12 +msgid "* Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes." +msgstr "* Ownsership: manejo semántico, copiar y clonar, préstamos, y tiempo de vida." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:16 +msgid "Please remind the students that:" +msgstr "Por favor recuerda a los estudiantes que:" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:18 +msgid "" +"* They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end.\n" +"* The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much encouraged!\n" +" * As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i.e.,\n" +" keep the related to how Rust does things vs some other language. It can be\n" +" hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of allowing discussions\n" +" since they engage people much more than one-way communication.\n" +"* The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the slides.\n" +" * This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. Remember\n" +" that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as you\n" +" like." +msgstr "" +"* Deben hacer las preguntas cuando surgen, no las guarden hasta el final.\n" +"* La clase tiene la intención de ser interactiva y también para abrir espacios de debate.\n" +" * Como instructor, debes intentar llevar discusiones relevantes, por ejemplo,\n" +" mantener relación de cómo Rust hace las cosas vs otros lenguajes. Puede\n" +" costar encontrar un balance adecuado, pero permite llevar un debate\n" +" que atraiga la atención de la gente por sobre un discurso unidireccional.\n" +"* Las preguntas deberían ser sobre cosas acerca del contenido de los slides.\n" +" * Esto está perfecto! Repetir es una parte importante del aprendizaje. Recuerda\n" +" que los slides son solo un soporte y tienes libertad de saltearlos cuando quieras." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:29 +msgid "" +"The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to speak\n" +"about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a major feature\n" +"and we should show students this right away." +msgstr "" +"La idea del primer día es mostar _solo lo necesario_ de Rust para permitir hablar\n" +"sobre el famoso borrow checker. La manera que Rust maneja la memoria es la principal " +"característica\n" +"y debemos mostrar a los estudiantes la manera correcta." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:33 +msgid "" +"If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the\n" +"schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the slides):" +msgstr "" +"Si estás enseñando esto en una clase, es un buen lugar para repasar el\n" +"horario. Sugerimos dividir el día en dos partes (guiándose por los slides):" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:36 +msgid "" +"* Morning: 9:00 to 12:00,\n" +"* Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00." +msgstr "" +"* Mañana: 9:00 to 12:00,\n" +"* Tarde: 13:00 to 16:00." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:39 +msgid "" +"You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include breaks,\n" +"we recommend a break every hour!" +msgstr "" +"Claro que puedes modificarlo si es necesario. Por favor asegúrate de incluir breaks,\n" +"Recomendamos un break cada hora!" + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:1 +msgid "# What is Rust?" +msgstr "# Qué es Rust?" + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:3 +msgid "Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015][1]:" +msgstr "Rust es un nuevo lenguaje que tiene su [release 1.0 en 2015][1]:" + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:5 +msgid "" +"* Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++\n" +" * `rustc` uses LLVM as its backend.\n" +"* Rust supports many [platforms and\n" +" architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):\n" +" * x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ...\n" +" * Linux, Mac, Windows, ...\n" +"* Rust is used for a wide range of devices:\n" +" * firmware and boot loaders,\n" +" * smart displays,\n" +" * mobile phones,\n" +" * desktops,\n" +" * servers." +msgstr "" +"* Rust es un lenguaje compilado estático similar a C++\n" +" * `rustc` usa LLVM como backend.\n" +"* Rust soporta muchas [platformas y\n" +" arquitecturas](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):\n" +" * x86, ARM, WebAssembly, …\n" +" * Linux, Mac, Windows, …\n" +"* Rust es usado en muchos dispositivos:\n" +" * firmware y boot loaders,\n" +" * smart displays,\n" +" * mobile phones,\n" +" * desktops,\n" +" * servers." + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:21 +msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:" +msgstr "Rust encaja en el mismo área de C++:" + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:23 +msgid "" +"* High flexibility.\n" +"* High level of control.\n" +"* Can be scaled down to very constrained devices like mobile phones.\n" +"* Has no runtime or garbage collection.\n" +"* Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance." +msgstr "" +"* Alta flexibilidad.\n" +"* Alto nivel de control.\n" +"* Puede usarse en dispositivos limitados como teléfonos celulares\n" +"* No tiene runtime o garbage colector.\n" +"* Se enfoca en la confiabilidad y seguridad sin sacrificar performance." + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:31 +msgid "[1]: https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/hello-world.md:1 +msgid "# Hello World!" +msgstr "# Hola Mundo!" + +#: src/hello-world.md:3 +msgid "" +"Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World\n" +"program:" +msgstr "Vayamos al ejemplo de programa Rust más simple, un clásico Hola Mundo:" + +#: src/hello-world.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Hola 🌍!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/hello-world.md:12 +msgid "What you see:" +msgstr "Qué ves:" + +#: src/hello-world.md:14 +msgid "" +"* Functions are introduced with `fn`.\n" +"* Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++.\n" +"* The `main` function is the entry point of the program.\n" +"* Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this.\n" +"* Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character." +msgstr "" +"* Funciones agregadas con `fn`.\n" +"* Bloques delimitados por llaves como en C y C++.\n" +"* La función `main` que es el punto de entrada al programa.\n" +"* Rust tiene macros limpios, `println!` es un ejemplo de esto.\n" +"* Strings Rust son codificados UTF-8 y pueden contener cualquier carácter Unicode." + +#: src/hello-world.md:22 +msgid "" +"This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will see\n" +"a ton of it over the next four days so we start small with something familiar." +msgstr "" +"Este slide intenta que los estudiantes se sientan cómodos con código Rust. Verán\n" +"mucho de esto los siguientes cuatro días ase que empezaremos con algo rápido y familiar." + +#: src/hello-world.md:27 +msgid "" +"* Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is\n" +" imperative (not functional) and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless\n" +" absolutely necessary." +msgstr "" +"* Rust es similar a otros lenguajes tradicionales como C/C++/Java. Es\n" +"imperativo (no funcional) y no trata de reinventar cosas a menos que\n" +"sea absolutamente necesario." + +#: src/hello-world.md:31 +msgid "* Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode." +msgstr "*Rust es moderno con soporte completo para cosas como Unicode." + +#: src/hello-world.md:33 +msgid "" +"* Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of\n" +" arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))." +msgstr "" +"* Rust usa macros para situaciones donde quieres tener una variable number o\n" +"arguments (no funciones [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))." + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:1 +msgid "# Small Example" +msgstr "# Ejemplo Rápido" + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:3 +msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:" +msgstr "Aquí tenemos un ejemplo de un programa Rust:" + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() { // Program entry point\n" +" let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n" +" print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n" +" while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n" +" if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n" +" x = x / 2;\n" +" } else {\n" +" x = 3 * x + 1;\n" +" }\n" +" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() { // Punto de entrada del programa\n" +" let mut x: i32 = 6; // Variable mutable vinculante\n" +" print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro para printing, como printf\n" +" while x != 1 { // Sin paréntesis alrededor de las expresiones\n" +" if x % 2 == 0 { // Operaciones matemáticas como en otros lenguajes\n" +" x = x / 2;\n" +" } else {\n" +" x = 3 * x + 1;\n" +" }\n" +" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!();\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:23 +msgid "" +"The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop will\n" +"always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with different\n" +"inputs." +msgstr "" +"El código implementa la conjetura de Collatz: que dice que un bucle\n" +"siempre termina, pero no siempre se prueba. Modifica el código y prueba\n" +"diferentes inputs." + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:29 +msgid "" +"* Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to trigger\n" +" type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer overflow." +msgstr "" +"* Explica que todas las variables son de tipo estáticas. Prueba removiendo `i32` para\n" +"que se dispare la inferencia de tipos. Intenta con `i8` y ejecuta un overflow de integer." + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:32 +msgid "* Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error." +msgstr "* Cambia `let mut x` a `let x`, debatan sobre el error de compilación." + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:34 +msgid "" +"* Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match the\n" +" format string." +msgstr "" +"* Muestra como `print!` da un error de compilación si el argumento no es el mismo del\n" +"formato del string." + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:37 +msgid "" +"* Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an\n" +" expression which is more complex than just a single variable." +msgstr "" +"* Muestra como necesitas usar `{}` como placeholder si quieres imprimir una\n" +" expresión la cual es más compleja que una simple variable." + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:40 +msgid "" +"* Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::fmt`\n" +" which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important that the\n" +" students become familiar with searching in the standard library." +msgstr "" +"* Muestra a los estudiantes la librería estándar, muestra como buscar con `std::fmt`\n" +" la cual quiene reglas de un mini-lenguaje de formato. Es importante que los\n" +" estudiantes se familiaricen con las búsquedas en la librería estándar." + +#: src/why-rust.md:1 +msgid "# Why Rust?" +msgstr "# ¿Por qué Rust?" + +#: src/why-rust.md:3 +msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:" +msgstr "Algunas características únicas de Rust:" + +#: src/why-rust.md:5 +msgid "" +"* Compile time memory safety.\n" +"* Lack of undefined runtime behavior.\n" +"* Modern language features." +msgstr "" +"* Tiempo de compilación Garantizado.\n" +"* Garantía en Tiempo de Ejecución.\n" +"* Características Modernas." + +#: src/why-rust.md:11 +msgid "" +"Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. Depending\n" +"on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:" +msgstr "" +"Asegúrate de preguntar a la clase en qué lenguajes tienen experiencia. Dependiendo\n" +"de la respuesta puedes destacar diferentes características de Rust:" + +#: src/why-rust.md:14 +msgid "" +"* Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_\n" +" via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't\n" +" have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with\n" +" constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management." +msgstr "" +"* Experiencia con C o C++: Rust elimina todos los _runtime erorrs_\n" +"vía el _borrow checker_. Puedes obtener misma performance de C y C++, pero no\n" +"tienes errores con manejo de memoria no seguro. Además, tienes un lenguaje moderno con\n" +"con constructores como patera matching y manejo de dependencias integrado." + +#: src/why-rust.md:19 +msgid "" +"* Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory safety\n" +" as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In addition\n" +" you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage collector)\n" +" as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)" +msgstr "" +"* Experiencia con Java, Go, Python, JavaScript…: Tienes el mismo manejo de memoria\n" +" seguro en esos lenguajes, más una sensación de performance similar a un lenguaje de alto nivel. " +"Además\n" +" tienes la performance de C y C++ (sin garaje colector)\n" +" Así como acceso de bajo nivel a hardware (podrías necesitarlo)" + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:1 +msgid "# Compile Time Guarantees" +msgstr "# Tiempo de Compilación Garantizado" + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:3 +msgid "Static memory management at compile time:" +msgstr "Manejo de memoria estático en tiempo de compilación:" + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:5 +msgid "" +"* No uninitialized variables.\n" +"* No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes).\n" +"* No double-frees.\n" +"* No use-after-free.\n" +"* No `NULL` pointers.\n" +"* No forgotten locked mutexes.\n" +"* No data races between threads.\n" +"* No iterator invalidation." +msgstr "" +"* No hay variables sin inicializar.\n" +"* No hay memory leaks (_casi siempre_, ver notas).\n" +"* No hay double-frees.\n" +"* No use-after-free.\n" +"* No `NULL` pointers.\n" +"* No puedes olvidar mutexes bloqueados.\n" +"* No hay race-conditions por datos entre hilos.\n" +"* No hay iteradores inválidos." + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:16 +msgid "" +"It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples\n" +"are:" +msgstr "" +"Es posible hacer memory learks en Rust (seguro). Algunos ejemplos\n" +"son:" + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:19 +msgid "" +"* You can for use [`Box::leak`] to leak a pointer. A use of this could\n" +" be to get runtime-initialized and runtime-sized static variables\n" +"* You can use [`std::mem::forget`] to make the compiler \"forget\" about\n" +" a value (meaning the destructor is never run).\n" +"* You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle] with `Rc` or\n" +" `Arc`.\n" +"* In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory\n" +" leak and Rust does not protect from those." +msgstr "" +"* Puedes usar [`Box::leak`] para hacer un leak de un puntero. El uso de de esto puede\n" +"ser para obtener variables inicializadas en tiempo de ejecución o modificando su tamaño.\n" +"* Puedes usar [`std::mem::forget`] para hacer que el compilador \"olvide\" un valor (así no se corre el destructor).\n" +"* También accidentalmente puedes crear un [ciclo de referencia] con `Rc` o `Arc`.\n" +"* De hecho, algunos considerarán cargar datos infinitamente una colección un\n" +"desbordamiento de memoria que Rust no protegerá." + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:28 +msgid "" +"For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood\n" +"as \"Pretty much no *accidental* memory leaks\"." +msgstr "" +"Para el propósito de este curso, \"No memory leak\" debe entenderse\n" +"como \"Ningún tipo de memory leak *accidental*\"." + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:31 +msgid "" +"[`Box::leak`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.leak\n" +"[`std::mem::forget`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget.html\n" +"[reference cycle]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html" +msgstr "" +"[`Box::leak`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.leak\n" +"[`std::mem::forget`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget.html\n" +"[ciclo de referencia]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html" + +#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:1 +msgid "# Runtime Guarantees" +msgstr "# Garantías en Tiempo de Ejecución" + +#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:3 +msgid "No undefined behavior at runtime:" +msgstr "Sin estados indefinidos en runtime:" + +#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:5 +msgid "" +"* Array access is bounds checked.\n" +"* Integer overflow is defined." +msgstr "" +"* Se verifican los límites de acceso a un Array.\n" +"* Se define el overflow de Integer." + +#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:12 +msgid "" +"* Integer overflow is defined via a compile-time flag. The options are\n" +" either a panic (a controlled crash of the program) or wrap-around\n" +" semantics. By default, you get panics in debug mode (`cargo build`)\n" +" and wrap-around in release mode (`cargo build --release`)." +msgstr "" +"* El overflow en Integer es definido vía un flan en tiempo de compilación. Las opciones son\n" +"alertas panic (un crash controlado del programa) o una semántica que lo envuelve. Por defecto, " +"obtienes el alerta en modo depuración (`cargo build`) y envolviéndolo en el modo release (`cargo " +"build —release`)." + +#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:17 +msgid "" +"* Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also\n" +" not be disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However,\n" +" `unsafe` allows you to call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked`\n" +" which does not do bounds checking." +msgstr "" +"* El chequeo de límites no puede ser desactivado con el flag de compilador. Tampoco\n" +" puede deshabilitarse directamente usando `unsafe`. Sin embargo,\n" +" `unsafe` permite que llames a la función como `slice::get_unchecked`\n" +" que no brinda chequeos de límites." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:1 +msgid "# Modern Features" +msgstr "# Características Modernas" + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:3 +msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last 40 years." +msgstr "Rust está hecho con toda la experiencia ganada en 40 años." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:5 +msgid "## Language Features" +msgstr "## Características del Lenguaje" + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:7 +msgid "" +"* Enums and pattern matching.\n" +"* Generics.\n" +"* No overhead FFI.\n" +"* Zero-cost abstractions." +msgstr "" +"* Enums y pattern matching.\n" +"* Genericos.\n" +"* No overhead FFI.\n" +"* Abstracciones Zero-cost." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:12 +msgid "## Tooling" +msgstr "## Herramientas" + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:14 +msgid "" +"* Great compiler errors.\n" +"* Built-in dependency manager.\n" +"* Built-in support for testing.\n" +"* Excellent Language Server Protocol support." +msgstr "" +"* Gran compilador de errores.\n" +"* Manejador de Dependencias integrado.\n" +"* Soporte de testing integrado.\n" +"* Excelente soporte al Protocolo de Lenguaje de Servidor." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:23 +msgid "" +"* Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to 'pay'\n" +" for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example,\n" +" writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level\n" +" instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct." +msgstr "" +"* Sin costo en abstracciones, similar a C++, quiere decir que no tienes que ‘pagar’\n" +" por tener un un lenguaje de alto nivel con memoria o CPU. Por ejemplo,\n" +" escribiendo un loop usando `for` debe resultar a bajo nivel\n" +" en una instrucción que usa `.iter().fold()`." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:28 +msgid "" +"* It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', also\n" +" known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like\n" +" `Option` and `Result`." +msgstr "" +"* Cabe mencionar que los enums de Rust son ‘Tipos de Datos Algebraicos’, también\n" +" conocidos como ‘tipos sumados’, los cuales permiten el tipo de sistema para expresas cosas como\n" +" `Option` y `Result`." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:32 +msgid "" +"* Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to\n" +" ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more\n" +" talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with _actionable_\n" +" feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code." +msgstr "" +"* Recuerda a las personas de leer los errores --- muchos programadores olvidan leer\n" +" la salida del compilador. El compilador de Rust es significativamente más\n" +" descriptivo que otros compiladores. Y frecuentemente provee un feedback\n" +" _para tomar acción_, con código listo para copiar y pegar." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:37 +msgid "" +"* The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, Python,\n" +" and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard and\n" +" essential:" +msgstr "" +"* La librería estándar de Rust es pequeña comparada a otros lenguajes como Java, Python y Go.\n" +"Rust no viene con varias cosas que puedes considerar estándar y\n" +"esencial:" + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:41 +msgid "" +" * a random number generator, but see [rand].\n" +" * support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls].\n" +" * support for JSON, but see [serde_json]." +msgstr "" +" * un generador de número random, pero mira [rand].\n" +" * soporte para SSL o TLS, pero mira [rusttls].\n" +" * soporte para JSON, pero mira [serde_json]." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:45 +msgid "" +" The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library cannot\n" +" go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the Rust\n" +" community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps there\n" +" isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things." +msgstr "" +" Las razones detrás de esta funcionalidad es la librería estándar que no puede\n" +"separarse, porque este tiene que ser muy estable. Para ejemplos de arriba, la comunidad\n" +"Rust sigue trabajando en encontrar la mejor solución --- y por ejemplo no hay\n" +"una única \"mejor solución\" para alguna de esas cosas." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:50 +msgid "" +" Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this makes\n" +" it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence of this\n" +" is that the standard library can be smaller." +msgstr "" +" Rust trae incluido un package manager en la forma de Cargo y hace\n" +"trivial descargar y compilador cosas autocontenidas. Como consecuencia\n" +"la librería estándar puede ser pequeña." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:54 +msgid "" +" Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like\n" +" help with this by letting you compare health metrics for\n" +" crates to find a good and trusted one.\n" +" \n" +"* [rust-analyzer] is a well supported LSP implementation used in major\n" +" IDEs and text editors." +msgstr "" +" Descubrir paquetes de terceros puede ser un problema. Sitios como\n" +" ayudará con esto permitiéndote comparar calidad de\n" +" paquetes para encontrar uno bueno y seguro.\n" +"\n" +"* [rust-analizer] es un LSP bien soportado e implementado usado en los \n" +" principales IDEs y editores." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:61 +msgid "" +"[rand]: https://docs.rs/rand/\n" +"[rusttls]: https://docs.rs/rustls/\n" +"[serde_json]: https://docs.rs/serde_json/\n" +"[rust-analyzer]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/" +msgstr "" +"[rand]: https://docs.rs/rand/\n" +"[rusttls]: https://docs.rs/rustls/\n" +"[serde_json]: https://docs.rs/serde_json/\n" +"[rust-analyzer]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/" + +#: src/basic-syntax.md:1 +msgid "# Basic Syntax" +msgstr "# Sintáxis Básica" + +#: src/basic-syntax.md:3 +msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:" +msgstr "Mucho de la sintaxis de Rust es parecido a C, C++ o Java:" + +#: src/basic-syntax.md:5 +msgid "" +"* Blocks and scopes are delimited by curly braces.\n" +"* Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/* ...\n" +" */`.\n" +"* Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same.\n" +"* Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`." +msgstr "" +"* Bloques y ámbitos delimitados por llaves.\n" +"* Comentarios de línea que comienzan con `//`, bloques de comentarios delimitados por `/*…\n" +" */`.\n" +"* Palabras claves como `if` y `while` funcionan igual.\n" +"* Asignación de variables hechas con `=`, comparaciones con `==`." + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:1 +msgid "# Scalar Types" +msgstr "# Tipos Escalares" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3 +msgid "" +"| | Types | " +"Literals |\n" +"|------------------------|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|\n" +"| Signed integers | `i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize` | `-10`, `0`, `1_000`, " +"`123i64` |\n" +"| Unsigned integers | `u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize` | `0`, `123`, " +"`10u16` |\n" +"| Floating point numbers | `f32`, `f64` | `3.14`, `-10.0e20`, " +"`2f32` |\n" +"| Strings | `&str` | `\"foo\"`, `r#\"\\\\" +"\"#` |\n" +"| Unicode scalar values | `char` | `'a'`, `'α'`, " +"`'∞'` |\n" +"| Byte strings | `&[u8]` | `b\"abc\"`, `br#\" \" " +"\"#` |\n" +"| Booleans | `bool` | `true`, " +"`false` |" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:13 +msgid "The types have widths as follows:" +msgstr "Los tipos tienen una capacidad así:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:15 +msgid "" +"* `iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide,\n" +"* `isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer,\n" +"* `char` is 32 bit wide,\n" +"* `bool` is 8 bit wide." +msgstr "" +"* `iN`, `uN`, and `fN` son _N_ bits de capacidad,\n" +"* `isize` y `usize` tienen el tamaño de un puntero,\n" +"* `char` es 32 bit de grande,\n" +"* `bool` es 8 bit de grande." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:1 +msgid "# Compound Types" +msgstr "# Tipos Compuestos" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3 +msgid "" +"| | Types | Literals |\n" +"|--------|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|\n" +"| Arrays | `[T; N]` | `[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]` |\n" +"| Tuples | `()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ... | `()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ... |" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:8 +msgid "Array assignment and access:" +msgstr "Asignación y acceso a los Arrays:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:10 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n" +" a[5] = 0;\n" +" println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:18 +msgid "Tuple assignment and access:" +msgstr "Asignación y acceso a Tuplas:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:20 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n" +" println!(\"1st index: {}\", t.0);\n" +" println!(\"2nd index: {}\", t.1);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:32 +msgid "Arrays:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:34 +msgid "" +"* Arrays have elements of the same type, `T`, and length, `N`, which is a compile-time constant.\n" +" Note that the length of the array is *part of its type*, which means that `[u8; 3]` and\n" +" `[u8; 4]` are considered two different types." +msgstr "" +"* Los Arrays tienen elementos del mismo tipo, `T`, y tamaño, `N` que es constante en compilación.\n" +" Nota que el tamaño del array es *parte del tipo*, lo que quiere decir que `[u8; 3]` y \n" +" `[u8; 4]`son considerados dos tipos diferentes." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:38 +msgid "* We can use literals to assign values to arrays." +msgstr "* Podemos usar literales para asignar valores a arreglos." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:40 +msgid "" +"* In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug implementation with the `?` format\n" +" parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug output. We\n" +" could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without specifying the value after the\n" +" format string." +msgstr "" +"* En la función main, la palabra print pregunta por la implementación de debug con `?` para el " +"formato de parámetro: `{}` que da una salida estándar, `{:?}`. También podemos usar `{a}` y `{a:?} " +"sin especificar los valores luego del formato string." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:45 +msgid "* Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be easier to read." +msgstr "" +"* Agregar `#`, por ejemplo `{a:#?}` invoca un formato para imprimir más lindo, más fácil de leer." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:47 +msgid "Tuples:" +msgstr "Tuplas:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:49 +msgid "* Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length." +msgstr "* Como los array, las duplas tienen un tamaño fijo." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:51 +msgid "* Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type." +msgstr "* Las Tuplas es un grupo de valores con diferentes tipos formando un tipo compuesto." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:53 +msgid "" +"* Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`." +msgstr "" +"* Los campos de una Tuplas se acceden con un punto y el índice del valor, por ejemplo: `t.0`, " +"`t.1`." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:55 +msgid "" +"* The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, and\n" +" the only valid value of that type - that is to say both the type and its value\n" +" are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a function or\n" +" expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide. \n" +" * You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other \n" +" programming languages." +msgstr "" +"* A una Tupla vacía `()` se la conoce también como \"unit type\". Ambos son tipos, y\n" +"la única manera válida de valor de ese tipo es nombrar ambos tipos y sus valores\n" +"que son expresados como `()`. Se usa para indicar, por ejemplo, que la función o\n" +"expresión no devuelve valor, como veremos más adelante.\n" +" * Puedes pensar en este como un `void` de otros lenguajes de programación." + +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:1 +msgid "# References" +msgstr "# Referencias" + +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:3 +msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:" +msgstr "Como C++, Rust tiene referencias:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut x: i32 = 10;\n" +" let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n" +" *ref_x = 20;\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:14 +msgid "Some notes:" +msgstr "Algunos comentarios:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:16 +msgid "" +"* We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ pointers.\n" +"* Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking\n" +" methods (try `ref_x.count_ones()`).\n" +"* References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values over their lifetime." +msgstr "" +"* Debemos referencias `ref_x` cuando lo asignamos, similar a los punteros de C o C++.\n" +"* Rust puede auto-referencias en algunos casos, en particular cuando hace invoca \n" +"métodos (intenta `ref_x.count_ones()`).\n" +"* Las referencias se declaran como `mut` y pueden cambiar de valor." + +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:21 +msgid "" +"
\n" +"Key points:" +msgstr "" +"
\n" +"Presta atención:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:24 +msgid "" +"* Be sure to note the difference between `let mut ref_x: &i32` and `let ref_x:\n" +" &mut i32`. The first one represents a mutable reference which can be bound to\n" +" different values, while the second represents a reference to a mutable value." +msgstr "" +"* Asegúrate de poder diferenciar entre `let mut ref_x: &i32` y `let ref_x:\n" +" &mut i32`. El primero representa una referencia mutable que puede \n" +"cambiar de valor, mientras que el segundo representa una referencia con un valor que puede cambiar." + +#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:1 +msgid "# Dangling References" +msgstr "# Referencias Colgantes" + +#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:3 +msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:" +msgstr "Rust estáticamente olvidará las referencias colgantes:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let ref_x: &i32;\n" +" {\n" +" let x: i32 = 10;\n" +" ref_x = &x;\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:16 +msgid "" +"* A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to.\n" +"* Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long\n" +" enough.\n" +"* We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership." +msgstr "" +"* Se dice que una referencia \"toma prestado\" el valor al que se refiere.\n" +"* Rust registra la vida de todas las referencias para asegurar que perduran lo necesario.\n" +"* Hablaremos más de esto cuando veamos _ownership_." + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:1 +msgid "# Slices" +msgstr "# Slices" + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:3 +msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:" +msgstr "Un _slice_ nos da la visión a una colección:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n" +" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:10 +msgid "" +" let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n" +" println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:15 +msgid "" +"* Slices borrow data from the sliced type.\n" +"* Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]`?" +msgstr "" +"* Slice toma prestado datos de un tipo _slice_.\n" +"* Pregunta: ¿Qué pasa si modificas `a[3]`?" + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:20 +msgid "" +"* We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending indexes in brackets." +msgstr "" +"* Creamos un slice prestando `a` y especificando el comienzo y final de los índices entre " +"corchetes." + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:22 +msgid "" +"* If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the starting index, " +"meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are identical.\n" +" \n" +"* The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are identical." +msgstr "" +"* Si el slice empieza con índice 0, la sintaxis de rango de Rust nos permite borrar el índice del " +"comienzo, generando que `&a[0..a.len()]` y `&a[..a.len()]` sean idénticos.\n" +"\n" +"* Lo mismo es para el último índice, así que `&a[2..a.len()]` y `&a[2..]` son lo mismo." + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:26 +msgid "* To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`." +msgstr "* Para crear fácil un slice de un array completo, podemos usar &a[..]." + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:28 +msgid "" +"* `s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` (`&[i32]`) no longer " +"mentions the array length. This allows us to perform computation on slices of different sizes.\n" +" \n" +"* Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain 'alive' (in scope) " +"for at least as long as our slice. \n" +" \n" +"* The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but the answer is that " +"for memory safety reasons\n" +" you cannot do it through `a` after you created a slice, but you can read the data from both `a` " +"and `s` safely. \n" +" More details will be explained in the borrow checker section." +msgstr "" +"* `s` es una referencia a un slice de `i32`s. Tener en cuenta que en el tipo de `s` (`&[i32]`) no " +"se menciona el tamaño del array. Esto permite realizar cálculos en silces de diferentes tamaños.\n" +"* Los silbes siempre se prestan de otro objeto. En este ejemplo, `a` tiene que permanecer " +"\"viva\" (en el scope) durante, al menos, el tiempo que dure nuestro segmento.\n" +"* La pregunta sobre modificar `a[3]` puede darnos un punto para una interesante discusión, pero la " +"respuesta es que por razones de memoria segura no puedes hacerlo a través de `a` luego de crear un " +"slice, pero puedes leer los datos para ambos de `a` y `s` de forma segura.\n" +"Se verá en más detalle en la sección de chequeo de préstamos." + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:1 +msgid "# `String` vs `str`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:3 +msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:" +msgstr "Ahora podemos entender los dos tipos de string en Rust:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1: &str = \"World\";\n" +" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1: &str = \"Mundo\";\n" +" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");" + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:10 +msgid "" +" let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" s2.push_str(s1);\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" \n" +" let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n" +" println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +" let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hola \");\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" s2.push_str(s1);\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" \n" +" let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n" +" println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:20 +msgid "Rust terminology:" +msgstr "Terminología Rust:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:22 +msgid "" +"* `&str` an immutable reference to a string slice.\n" +"* `String` a mutable string buffer." +msgstr "" +"* `&str` es una referencia inmutable a un slice string.\n" +"* `String` es un buffer de string mutable." + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:27 +msgid "" +"* `&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 encoded string data \n" +" stored in a block of memory. String literals (`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary." +msgstr "" +"* `&str` pone un string slice, que es una referencia inmutable a codificada con datos string " +"UTF-8 \n" +"guardados en un bloque de memoria. El literal String (`\"Hola\"`), se guarda en el binario del " +"programa." + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:30 +msgid "" +"* Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a `Vec`, it is owned.\n" +" \n" +"* As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string literal; `String::" +"new()` \n" +" creates a new empty string, to which string data can be added using the `push()` and " +"`push_str()` methods." +msgstr "" +"* El tipo `String` de Rust es un wrapper para un vector de bytes. Como con un `Vec`, tiene " +"dueño.\n" +"* Como con otros tipos `String::from()` crea un string desde un string literal; `String::new()` \n" +" crea un string vacío, con datos que pueden usarse con métodos `push()` y `push_str()`." + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:35 +msgid "" +"* The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from dynamic values. It \n" +" accepts the same format specification as `println!()`.\n" +" \n" +"* You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range selection.\n" +" \n" +"* For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `const char*` from C++, but the one that always points \n" +" to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough equivalent of `std::string` from C++ \n" +" (main difference: it can only contain UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string " +"optimization).\n" +" \n" +"
" +msgstr "" +"* El macro `format!()` es una manera conveniente de generar un string con dueño desde un valor " +"dinámico. Esto\n" +" acepta los mismos formateo especificados como `println!()`.\n" +"* Puedes prestar silces `&str` de `String` con `&` y opcionalmente un rango seleccionado.\n" +"* Para programadores C++: piensa en `&str` como `const char` de C++, pero de una forma que los " +"punteros siempre son string válidos en memoria. El `String` Rust es un equivalente tosco a `std::" +"string` de C++ \n" +"(La principal diferencia: solo puede contener bytes codificados UTF-8 y nunca usar optimización de " +"small-string).\n" +"\n" +"
" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:1 +msgid "# Functions" +msgstr "# Funciones" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:3 +msgid "" +"A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz) interview " +"question:" +msgstr "" +"Una versión Rust de la famosa pregunta para entrevistas con [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/" +"wiki/Fizz_buzz):" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" fizzbuzz_to(20); // Defined below, no forward declaration needed\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" fizzbuzz_to(20); // Definida abajo, no necesitas declararla antes\n" +"}" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:10 +msgid "" +"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n" +" if rhs == 0 {\n" +" return false; // Corner case, early return\n" +" }\n" +" lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return value\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n" +" if rhs == 0 {\n" +" return false; // Un caso extremo, vuelve rápido\n" +" }\n" +" lhs % rhs == 0 // La última expreción en el bloque es la que devuelve valor\n" +"}" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:17 +msgid "" +"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // No return value means returning the unit type `()`\n" +" match (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) {\n" +" (true, true) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"),\n" +" (true, false) => println!(\"fizz\"),\n" +" (false, true) => println!(\"buzz\"),\n" +" (false, false) => println!(\"{n}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // No devolver valor implica devolver un tipo unit `()`\n" +" match (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) {\n" +" (true, true) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"),\n" +" (true, false) => println!(\"fizz\"),\n" +" (false, true) => println!(\"buzz\"),\n" +" (false, false) => println!(\"{n}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:26 +msgid "" +"fn fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) { // `-> ()` is normally omitted\n" +" for i in 1..=n {\n" +" fizzbuzz(i);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"fn fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) { // `-> ()` por lo general se omite\n" +" for i in 1..=n {\n" +" fizzbuzz(i);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:35 +msgid "" +"* We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward declarations nor headers are " +"necessary. \n" +"* Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some programming languages), then " +"a return type.\n" +"* The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return value. Simply omit the " +"`;` at the end of the expression.\n" +"* Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The compiler will infer " +"this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted.\n" +"* The range expression in the `for` loop in `fizzbuzz_to()` contains `=n`, which causes it to " +"include the upper bound.\n" +"* The `match` expression in `fizzbuzz()` is doing a lot of work. It is expanded below to show what " +"is happening." +msgstr "" +"* En `main` invocamos a una función escrita debajo. No es necesario hacer declaraciones para referenciar.\n" +"* La declaración de parámetros es por tipo (lo contrario a otros lenguajes), y devuelven tipo.\n" +"* La última expresión en una función (u otro bloque) es el tipo que devuelve. Y omite el `;` al final.\n" +"* Algunas funciones no devuelven valor y devuelven el `tipo unit`, `()`. El compilador va a inferir `->()` si es tipo a devolver es omitido.\n" +"* Las expresiones `for` en `fizzbuzz_to()` contienen `=n`, que incluye el límite superior.\n" +"* Los `match` en `fizzbuzz()` hacen mucho. Se detalla debajo." + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:42 +msgid " (Type annotations added for clarity, but they can be elided.)" +msgstr " (Las anotaciones dan claridad, pero se pueden omitir)" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:44 +msgid "" +" ```rust,ignore\n" +" let by_3: bool = is_divisible_by(n, 3);\n" +" let by_5: bool = is_divisible_by(n, 5);\n" +" let by_35: (bool, bool) = (by_3, by_5);\n" +" match by_35 {\n" +" // ...\n" +" ```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:52 +msgid " " +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:1 src/methods.md:1 +msgid "# Methods" +msgstr "# Métodos" + +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust has methods, they are simply functions that are associated with a particular type. The\n" +"first argument of a method is an instance of the type it is associated with:" +msgstr "" +"Rust tiene métodos, pero simplemente son funciones que están asociadas a un tipo particular. El " +"primer argumento de un método es una instancia de un tipo asociado con:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Rectangle {\n" +" width: u32,\n" +" height: u32,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:12 +msgid "" +"impl Rectangle {\n" +" fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n" +" self.width * self.height\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:17 +msgid "" +" fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n" +" self.width += delta;\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:22 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n" +" println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area());\n" +" rect.inc_width(5);\n" +" println!(\"new area: {}\", rect.area());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:30 +msgid "* We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's class." +msgstr "* Observaremos mucho más acerca de métodos en la clase de hoy a la tarde." + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:1 +msgid "# Function Overloading" +msgstr "# Sobrecarga de Funciones" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:3 +msgid "Overloading is not supported:" +msgstr "La Sobrecarga no es soportada:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:5 +msgid "" +"* Each function has a single implementation:\n" +" * Always takes a fixed number of parameters.\n" +" * Always takes a single set of parameter types.\n" +"* Default values are not supported:\n" +" * All call sites have the same number of arguments.\n" +" * Macros are sometimes used as an alternative." +msgstr "" +"* Cada función tiene una implementación simple:\n" +" * Siempre tiene un número fijo de parámetros.\n" +" * Siempre tiene un único conjunto de tipos de parámetros.\n" +"* Los valores por defecto no están soportados:\n" +" * Todas las llamadas tienen el mismo tipo de parámetro.\n" +" * Algunas veces como alternativa se usan macros." + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:12 +msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:" +msgstr "Sin embargo, los parámetros de funciones pueden ser _generics_:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:14 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn pick_one(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n" +" if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn elegir_uno(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n" +" if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n" +"}" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:19 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n" +" println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"arrojar la moneda: {}\", elegir_uno(\"cara\", \"cruz\"));\n" +" println!(\"premio: {}\", elegir_uno(500, 1000));\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:27 +msgid "" +"* When using generics, the standard library's `Into` can provide a kind of limited\n" +" polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a later section." +msgstr "" +"* Cuando usas genéricos, la librería estándar `Into` puede dar un limitado \n" +" polimorfismo con tipo de parámetro. Lo veremos en detalle más adelante." + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:30 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:1 +msgid "# Day 1: Morning Exercises" +msgstr "# Día 1: Ejercicios de la Mañana" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:3 +msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:" +msgstr "En estos ejercicios, exploraremos dos partes de Rust:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:5 +msgid "* Implicit conversions between types." +msgstr "* Conversiones implícitas entre tipos." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:7 +msgid "* Arrays and `for` loops." +msgstr "* Arrays y loops `for`." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:11 +msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:" +msgstr "Algunas cosas a considerar mientras resolvemos los ejercicios:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:13 +msgid "" +"* Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get\n" +" auto-completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo] for details\n" +" on installing Rust." +msgstr "" +"* Usar una instalación de Rust local, si es posible. De esta manera puedes tener\n" +" auto-complete en el editor. Puedes ver la página [Usando Cargo] para más detalles\n" +" en la instalación de Rust." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:17 +msgid "* Alternatively, use the Rust Playground." +msgstr "* Como alternativa, puedes usar el Rust embebido." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:19 +msgid "" +"The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets lose\n" +"their state if you navigate away from the page." +msgstr "" +"Los scnippets de código no son editables a propósito: el código de snippets inline pierden\n" +"su estado si navegas fuera de la página." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:22 src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:11 +#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:7 +#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:7 src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:12 +msgid "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions] provided." +msgstr "Luego de ver los ejercicios, puedes ver las [soluciones] que se brindan." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:24 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:13 +#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:9 src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:14 +msgid "[solutions]: solutions-morning.md" +msgstr "[soluciones]: solutions-morning.md" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:26 +msgid "[Using Cargo]: ../../cargo.md" +msgstr "[Usando Cargo]: ../../cargo.md" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:1 +msgid "# Implicit Conversions" +msgstr "# Conversiones Implícitas" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types ([unlike\n" +"C++][3]). You can see this in a program like this:" +msgstr "" +"Rust no aplicará automáticamente _conversiones implícitas_ entre tipos ([como \n" +"C++][3]). Puedes ver esto en programas como este:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n" +" x * y\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:11 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x: i8 = 15;\n" +" let y: i16 = 1000;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:15 +msgid "" +" println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiply(x, y));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:19 +msgid "" +"The Rust integer types all implement the [`From`][1] and [`Into`][2]\n" +"traits to let us convert between them. The `From` trait has a single `from()`\n" +"method and similarly, the `Into` trait has a single `into()` method.\n" +"Implementing these traits is how a type expresses that it can be converted into\n" +"another type." +msgstr "" +"El tipo integer de Rust implementa el [`From`][1] y [`Into`][2]\n" +"y trata de dejarnos para dejarnos convertir entre ellos. El `From` se trata como un simple \n" +"método `from()` y similar, el `Into` se trata como un simple método `into()`.\n" +"Implementando esto es como expresamos un tipo que puede convertirse a otro." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:25 +msgid "" +"The standard library has an implementation of `From for i16`, which means\n" +"that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by calling \n" +"`i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From for i16`\n" +"implementation automatically create an implementation of `Into for i8`." +msgstr "" +"La librería estándar tiene una implementación de `From para i16`, que significa\n" +"Que podemos convertir la variable `x`de tipo `i8` a una `i16` llamando \n" +"`i16::from(x)`. O, más simple, con `x.into()`, porque la implementación `From para i16`\n" +"crea automáticamente una implementación de `Into para i8`." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:30 +msgid "" +"The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, so it is\n" +"sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` implementation automatically." +msgstr "" +"Lo mismo aplica para tu propia implementación `From` para tus propios tipos, así es\n" +"suficiente solo implementar `From` para obtener la respectiva implementación automática `Into`." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:33 +msgid "1. Execute the above program and look at the compiler error." +msgstr "1. Ejecuta el programa de arriba y mira el error de compilación." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:35 +msgid "2. Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion." +msgstr "2. Actualiza el código de arriba usando `into()` para hacer la conversión." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:37 +msgid "" +"3. Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`,\n" +" `i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try\n" +" converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the\n" +" [standard library documentation][1] to see if `From` is implemented for\n" +" the pairs you check." +msgstr "" +"3. Cambia los tipos de `x` e `y` para otras cosas (como con `f32`, `bool`,\n" +"`i128`) para ver qué tipos puedes convertir a otros tipos. Intenta\n" +"convirtiendo tipos pequeños a grandes y a otros tipos disponibles. Revisa la\n" +"[documentación de la librería estándar][1] para ver si `From` se puede\n" +"implementar." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:43 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n" +"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html\n" +"[3]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/implicit_conversion" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:1 +msgid "# Arrays and `for` Loops" +msgstr "# Arrays y Loops `for`" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:3 +msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:" +msgstr "Vimos que un array puede ser declarado así:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:9 +msgid "You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with `{:?}`:" +msgstr "Puedes imprimirlo para verlo y depurar código con `{:?}`:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:11 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" +" println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:18 +msgid "" +"Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for`\n" +"keyword:" +msgstr "Rust permite iterar sobre cosas como array y arreglos usando `for`:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:21 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" +" print!(\"Iterating over array:\");\n" +" for n in array {\n" +" print!(\" {n}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!();" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" +" print!(\"Iterando sobre el array:\");\n" +" for n in array {\n" +" print!(\" {n}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!();" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:30 +msgid "" +" print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n" +" for i in 0..3 {\n" +" print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n" +" }\n" +" println!();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +" print!(\"Iterando sobre el rango:\");\n" +" for i in 0..3 {\n" +" print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n" +" }\n" +" println!();\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:38 +msgid "" +"Use the above to write a function `pretty_print` which pretty-print a matrix and\n" +"a function `transpose` which will transpose a matrix (turn rows into columns):" +msgstr "" +"Usa lo de arriba para escribir la función `linda_impresion` que es una matriz y\n" +"una función `trasponer` que trasponerá una matriz (cambia filas a columnas):" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:41 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n" +"\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n" +" ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:47 +msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices." +msgstr "Hardcodea ambas funciones para operar con matrices 3 x 3." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:49 +msgid "" +"Copy the code below to and implement the\n" +"functions:" +msgstr "" +"Copia el código debajo para e implementa las\n" +"funciones:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:52 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:20 +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:13 +msgid "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" +"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]" +msgstr "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" +"// TODO: borra esto cuando termines de implementarlo.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:56 +msgid "" +"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:60 +msgid "" +"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:64 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let matrix = [\n" +" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" +" [201, 202, 203],\n" +" [301, 302, 303],\n" +" ];" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:71 src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:70 +msgid "" +" println!(\"matrix:\");\n" +" pretty_print(&matrix);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:74 +msgid "" +" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" +" println!(\"transposed:\");\n" +" pretty_print(&transposed);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:80 +msgid "## Bonus Question" +msgstr "## Preguntas Bonus" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:82 +msgid "" +"Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for your\n" +"argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-dimensional\n" +"slice-of-slices. Why or why not?" +msgstr "" +"Puedes usar silbes `&[i32]` en vez de hardcodear matrices 3 x 3 para tus\n" +"parámetros y devolver tipos? Cosas como `&[&[i32]]` para dos dimensiones,\n" +"slices de slices. Por qué sí o por qué no?" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:87 +msgid "" +"See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production quality\n" +"implementation." +msgstr "" +"Mira el [ crates `ndarray`](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) para implementación con calidad de producción\n" +"de calidad." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:92 +msgid "" +"The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the \n" +"[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section." +msgstr "" +"Las soluciones y respuestas a la sección bonus están disponibles en\n" +"la sección [Solución](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)." + +#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:1 +msgid "# Variables" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are immutable by\n" +"default:" +msgstr "" +"Rust provee tipos seguros por tipado estático. El enlace a variables es inmutable\n" +"por defecto:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x: i32 = 10;\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" // x = 20;\n" +" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:17 +msgid "" +"* Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the types less and less as " +"the course progresses.\n" +"* Note that since `println!` is a macro, `x` is not moved, even using the function like syntax of " +"`println!(\"x: {}\", x)`" +msgstr "" +"* Dado a la inferencia de tipos `i32` es opcional. Poco a poco veremos los tipos a medida que " +"avance el curso.\n" +"* Nota que a partir que `println!` es una macro, `x` no se mueve, incluso usando una función como " +"`println!(\"x: {}\", x)`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:1 +msgid "# Type Inference" +msgstr "# Tipo de inferencia" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:3 +msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:" +msgstr "Rust verá como _es usada_ la variable para determinar el tipo:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n" +" println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:10 +msgid "" +"fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n" +" println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:14 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = 10;\n" +" let y = 20;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:18 +msgid "" +" takes_u32(x);\n" +" takes_i8(y);\n" +" // takes_u32(y);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:26 +msgid "" +"This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on constraints given by variable " +"declarations and usages.\n" +" \n" +"It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not of some sort of " +"dynamic \"any type\" that can\n" +"hold any data. The machine code generated by such declaration is identical to the explicit " +"declaration of a type.\n" +"The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise code." +msgstr "" +"Este slide demuestra cómo el compilador de Rust infiere tipos basados en constrainst dadas por la " +"declaración de variables y los usos.\n" +"Es importante enfatizar que las variables declaradas como esta no son un conjunto dinámico de " +"\"cualquier tipo\" que puede contener todo tipo de datos. El código generado por esa declaración " +"es idéntica a la declaración explícita de un tipo.\n" +"El compilador hace el trabajo por nosotros y nos ayuda a escribir código más conciso." + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:32 +msgid "" +"The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic container without the code " +"ever explicitly specifying the contained type, using `_` as a placeholder:" +msgstr "" +"El siguiente código dice al compilador que copie en un contenedor genérico determinado sin que " +"explicitar específicamente el tipo contenido, usando `_` como un placeholder:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:34 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut v = Vec::new();\n" +" v.push((10, false));\n" +" v.push((20, true));\n" +" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:41 +msgid "" +" let vv = v.iter().collect::>();\n" +" println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:46 +msgid "" +"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.collect) relies " +"on `FromIterator`, which [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) " +"implements." +msgstr "" +"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.collect) se basa " +"en `FromIterator` que lo implementa el [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait." +"FromIterator.html)." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:1 +msgid "# Static and Constant Variables" +msgstr "# Variables Estáticas y Constantes" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:3 +msgid "Global state is managed with static and constant variables." +msgstr "El estado global es manejado con variables estáticas y constantes." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:5 +msgid "## `const`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:7 +msgid "You can declare compile-time constants:" +msgstr "Puedes declarar constantes en tiempo de compilación:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:9 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = 3;\n" +"const ZERO: Option = Some(42);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:13 +msgid "" +"fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> [u8; DIGEST_SIZE] {\n" +" let mut digest = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE];\n" +" for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n" +" digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE] = digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE].wrapping_add(b);\n" +" }\n" +" digest\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:21 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\");\n" +" println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let digest = compute_digest(\"Hola\");\n" +" println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:27 +msgid "According the the [Rust RFC Book][1] these are inlined upon use." +msgstr "De acuerdo con [Rust RFC Book][1] eso está en línea del uso." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:29 +msgid "## `static`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:31 +msgid "You can also declare static variables:" +msgstr "También puedes declarar variables estáticas:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:33 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:36 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:41 +msgid "" +"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book][1], these are not inlined upon use and have an actual associated " +"memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, and the variable lives through the " +"entirety of the program execution." +msgstr "" +"Como se ve en [Rust RFC Book][1], esto no está en línea del uso y puede estar asociado a una " +"locación de memoria. Es útil para código no seguro o embebido, y las variables viven enteramente " +"dentro de la ejecución del programa." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:44 +msgid "We will look at mutating static data in the [chapter on Unsafe Rust](../unsafe.md)." +msgstr "Veremos cambiar datos estáticos en el [capítulo Rust No Seguro](../unsafe.md)." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:48 +msgid "" +"* Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`.\n" +"* `static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable global variable in C+" +"+.\n" +"* It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but it is helpful and " +"safer than using a static." +msgstr "" +"* Aclaremos que `const` semánticamente se comporta similar a `constexpr` de C++.\n" +"* `static`, por lo contrario, es mucho más similar a `const` o una variable mutable global de C+" +"+.\n" +"* No es muy común que necesitemos evaluar contantes en runtime, pero ayuda y es más seguro que " +"usando un _static_." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:54 +msgid "[1]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:1 +msgid "# Scopes and Shadowing" +msgstr "# Scopes y Shadowing" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:3 +msgid "" +"You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from the\n" +"same scope:" +msgstr "Puedes hacer seguimiento de variables, esto se puede hacer para variables dentro y fuera del scope actual:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let a = 10;\n" +" println!(\"before: {a}\");" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:11 +msgid "" +" {\n" +" let a = \"hello\";\n" +" println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:15 +msgid "" +" let a = true;\n" +" println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:19 +msgid "" +" println!(\"after: {a}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:25 +msgid "" +"* Definition: Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing both variable's memory " +"locations exist at the same time. Both are available under the same name, depending where you use " +"it in the code. \n" +"* A shadowing variable can have a different type. \n" +"* Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values after `.unwrap()`.\n" +"* The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse memory locations when " +"shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if the type does not change." +msgstr "" +"* Definición: Shadowing es diferente de mutación, porque luego de shadowing ambos espacio de " +"memorias de las variables existen al mismo tiempo. Ambas están disponibles bajo el mismo nombre, " +"dependiendo donde uses el código.\n" +"* Un shadowing de variable puede tener un tipo diferente.\n" +"* El siguiente código demuestra por qué el compilador no puede simplemente reutilizar las " +"locaciones de memoria mientras hacemos shadowing a una variable inmutable en un cope, incluso si " +"el tipo no cambia." + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:30 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let a = 1;\n" +" let b = &a;\n" +" let a = a + 1;\n" +" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management.md:1 +msgid "# Memory Management" +msgstr "# Manejo de memoria" + +#: src/memory-management.md:3 +msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:" +msgstr "Por lo general, los lenguajes caen en dos amplias categorías:" + +#: src/memory-management.md:5 +msgid "" +"* Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ...\n" +"* Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, Haskell, ..." +msgstr "" +"* Control total manual del manejo de memoria: C, C++, Pascal, …\n" +"* Total Seguridad vía manejo automático de memoria en tiempo de ejecución: Java, Python, Go, " +"Haskell, …" + +#: src/memory-management.md:8 +msgid "Rust offers a new mix:" +msgstr "Rust ofrece un nuevo mix:" + +#: src/memory-management.md:10 +msgid "" +"> Full control *and* safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory\n" +"> management." +msgstr "" +"> Control total y seguro vía tiempo de compilación con aseguramiento del correcto\n" +"> manejo de memoria." + +#: src/memory-management.md:13 +msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept." +msgstr "Esto da el concepto concepto explícito de _ownership_." + +#: src/memory-management.md:15 +msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works." +msgstr "Empecemos refrescando cómo funciona el manejo de memoria." + +#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:1 +msgid "# The Stack vs The Heap" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:3 +msgid "" +"* Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables.\n" +" * Values have fixed sizes known at compile time.\n" +" * Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer.\n" +" * Easy to manage: follows function calls.\n" +" * Great memory locality." +msgstr "" +"* Stack: Es un área de memoria continua para variables locales.\n" +" * Los valores son de tamaño fijo conocidos en tiempo de compilación.\n" +" * Extremadamente rápido: solo mueve un puntero de Stack.\n" +" * Fácil de manejar: sigue funciones de llamada.\n" +" * Mucha memoria local." + +#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:9 +msgid "" +"* Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls.\n" +" * Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime.\n" +" * Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed.\n" +" * No guarantee of memory locality." +msgstr "" +"* Heap: Guardar valores fuera de llamadas de funciones.\n" +" * Los valores tienen tamaños dinámicos determinados en tiempo de ejecución.\n" +" * Algo más lento que Stack: son necesarios algunos índices.\n" +" * No se garantiza memoria local." + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:1 +msgid "# Stack Memory" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:3 +msgid "" +"Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized data on the stack and dynamically sized\n" +"data on the heap:" +msgstr "" +"Crear un `String` pune datos de tamaño fijo en el stack y con tamaño dado dinámicamente en el heap:" + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:12 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n" +": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:28 +msgid "" +"* Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and length and can grow if " +"mutable via reallocation on the heap." +msgstr "" +"* Ve que un `String` es respaldado por un `Vec`, así tiene capacidad y tamaño que puede " +"incrementarse si la mutable por relocalicación en el _heap_." + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:30 +msgid "" +"* If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap allocated using the " +"[System Allocator] and custom allocators can be implemented using the [Allocator API]" +msgstr "" +"* Si los estudiantes preguntan sobre esto, puedes mencionar que por debajo la memoria es colocada " +"por _heap_ usando el [Sistema de Colocación] y la colocación personalizada puede ser implementada " +"usando la [Allocator API]" + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:32 +msgid "" +"* We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should point out that this is " +"rightfully unsafe!" +msgstr "" +"* Podemos inspeccionar el layout de memoria con la cláusula `unsafe`. Sin embargo, debes aclarar " +"que esto no es seguro!" + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:34 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +" s1.push(' ');\n" +" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n" +" // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n" +" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead to\n" +" // undefined behavior.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" let (capacity, ptr, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::transmute(s1);\n" +" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +" s1.push(' ');\n" +" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n" +" // NO HAGAS ESTO EN CASA! Sólo con propósitos educativos.\n" +" // El String no provee garantías en su layout, esto puede derivar en\n" +" // comportamientos no deseados.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" let (capacity, ptr, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::transmute(s1);\n" +" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:51 +msgid "" +"[System Allocator]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System.html\n" +"[Allocator API]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html" +msgstr "" +"[Sistema de Colocación]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System.html\n" +"[Allocator API]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html" + +#: src/memory-management/manual.md:1 +msgid "# Manual Memory Management" +msgstr "# Manejo Manual de Memoria" + +#: src/memory-management/manual.md:3 +msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself." +msgstr "Tú mismo puedes asignar o desasignar pilas (_heap_) de memoria." + +#: src/memory-management/manual.md:5 +msgid "" +"If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security vulnerabilities, and memory leaks." +msgstr "" +"Si no lo haces con cuidado, puede derivar en crasheo, errores, vulnerabilidad de seguridad, memory " +"leaks." + +#: src/memory-management/manual.md:7 +msgid "## C Example" +msgstr "# Ejemplo en C" + +#: src/memory-management/manual.md:9 +msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:" +msgstr "Debes llamar a `free` en cada puntero que pongas usando `malloc`:" + +#: src/memory-management/manual.md:11 +msgid "" +"```c\n" +"void foo(size_t n) {\n" +" int* int_array = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n" +" //\n" +" // ... lots of code\n" +" //\n" +" free(int_array);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/manual.md:21 +msgid "" +"Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and `free`: the\n" +"pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory." +msgstr "" +"La memoria es _leaked_ si la función vuelve rápido entre `malloc` y `free`: se pierde el puntero y " +"no podemos desasignar la memoria." + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:1 +msgid "# Scope-Based Memory Management" +msgstr "# Ámbitos de Manejo de Memoria" + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:3 +msgid "Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object." +msgstr "Los constructores y destructores te permiten mantener en _lifetime_ un objeto." + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:5 +msgid "" +"By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object is\n" +"destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an exception is\n" +"raised." +msgstr "" +"Envolviendo un puntero con un objeto, puedes liberar memoria cuando el objeto es\n" +"destruido. El compilador garantiza que eso pase, incluso si se alcanzó una excepción." + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:9 +msgid "" +"This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and gives\n" +"you smart pointers." +msgstr "" +"A menudo se dice que la adquisición de recursos es inicializada ó, _resource acquisition is " +"initialization_ (RAII),\n" +"y brinda punteros inteligentes." + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:12 +msgid "## C++ Example" +msgstr "## Ejemplo C++" + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:14 +msgid "" +"```c++\n" +"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr person) {\n" +" std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```c++\n" +"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr person) {\n" +" std::cout << \"Hola \" << person->name << std::endl;\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:20 +msgid "" +"* The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to\n" +" memory allocated on the heap.\n" +"* At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run.\n" +"* The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to." +msgstr "" +"* El objeto `std::unique_ptr` se ubica en el stack, y los punteros a \n" +" memoria apuntando a el heap.\n" +"* Al final de `say_hello`, correrá el destructor `std::unique_ptr`.\n" +"* El destructor libera el objeto `Person`que apunta a él." + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:25 +msgid "Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:" +msgstr "Un movimiento especial de constructor es usado cuando se pasa la propiedad a una función:" + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:27 +msgid "" +"```c++\n" +"std::unique_ptr person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n" +"say_hello(std::move(person));\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:1 +msgid "# Automatic Memory Management" +msgstr "# Manejo Automático de Memoria" + +#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:3 +msgid "" +"An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic memory\n" +"management:" +msgstr "Una alternativa al manejo manual es el automático:" + +#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:6 +msgid "" +"* The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly.\n" +"* A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the programmer." +msgstr "" +"* El programador nunca asigna o desasgan memoria explícitamente.\n" +"* Un garbage collector encuentra memoria sin usar y la libera para el programador." + +#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:9 +msgid "## Java Example" +msgstr "## Ejemplo Java" + +#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:11 +msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:" +msgstr "El objeto `persona` no se libera luego que vuelva `sayHello`:" + +#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:13 +msgid "" +"```java\n" +"void sayHello(Person person) {\n" +" System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```java\n" +"void sayHello(Person person) {\n" +" System.out.println(\"Hola \" + person.getName());\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:1 +msgid "# Memory Management in Rust" +msgstr "# Manejo de la Memoria en Rust" + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:3 +msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:" +msgstr "El manejo de memoria en Rust es una mezcla:" + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:5 +msgid "" +"* Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector.\n" +"* Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you choose, can be a single " +"unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically reference counted.\n" +"* Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence.\n" +"* A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even have no cost at " +"runtime like C." +msgstr "" +"* Segura y correcta como en Java, pero sin un Garbage Collector.\n" +"* Dependiendo qué abstracción (o combinación de abstracción) eliges, puedes ser un puntero simple, " +"referencia contada, o atómicamente referencia contada.\n" +"* El ámbito basado en C++, pero que el compilador fuerza a incluirlo por completo.\n" +"* Un usuario de Rust puede elegir la abstracción correcta para la situación, algunos incluso no " +"tienen costo en runtime como C++." + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:10 +msgid "It achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly." +msgstr "Esto se logra modelando el _ownership_ explícitamente." + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:14 +msgid "" +"* If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually handled by RAII wrapper " +"types such as [Box], [Vec], [Rc], or [Arc]. These encapsulate ownership and memory allocation via " +"various means, and prevent the potential errors in C." +msgstr "" +"* Si en este punto preguntas, puedes decir que Rust usualmente es tomado por tipos wrapper RAII " +"como [Box], [Vec], [Rc], or [Arc]. Esto encapsula el _ownsership_ y la ubicación de memoria con " +"varios significados, y previene potenciales errores en C." + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:16 +msgid "* You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop] trait is the Rust equivalent." +msgstr "* Puedes preguntar acerca de destructores, el [Drop] es el equivalente de Rust." + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:20 +msgid "" +"[Box]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n" +"[Vec]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n" +"[Rc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n" +"[Arc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n" +"[Drop]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:1 +msgid "# Comparison" +msgstr "# Comparación" + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:3 +msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques." +msgstr "Aquí una rústica comparación de técnicas de manejo de memoria." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:5 +msgid "## Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques" +msgstr "## Ventajas de las Diferentes Técnicas de Manejo de Memoria" + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:7 +msgid "" +"* Manual like C:\n" +" * No runtime overhead.\n" +"* Automatic like Java:\n" +" * Fully automatic.\n" +" * Safe and correct.\n" +"* Scope-based like C++:\n" +" * Partially automatic.\n" +" * No runtime overhead.\n" +"* Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:\n" +" * Enforced by compiler.\n" +" * No runtime overhead.\n" +" * Safe and correct." +msgstr "" +"* Manual como en C:\n" +" * No runtime overhead.\n" +"* Automático como en Java:\n" +" * Totalmente automático.\n" +" * Correcto y Seguro.\n" +"* Scope-based como en C++:\n" +" * Parcialmente automático.\n" +" * No runtime overhead.\n" +"* Compiler-enforced y scope-based como en Rust:\n" +" * Asgurado por el compilador.\n" +" * No runtime overhead.\n" +" * Correcto y Seguro." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:20 +msgid "## Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques" +msgstr "## Contras de las Diferentes Técnicas de Manejo de Memoria" + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:22 +msgid "" +"* Manual like C:\n" +" * Use-after-free.\n" +" * Double-frees.\n" +" * Memory leaks.\n" +"* Automatic like Java:\n" +" * Garbage collection pauses.\n" +" * Destructor delays.\n" +"* Scope-based like C++:\n" +" * Complex, opt-in by programmer.\n" +" * Potential for use-after-free.\n" +"* Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:\n" +" * Some upfront complexity.\n" +" * Can reject valid programs." +msgstr "" +"* Manual como en C:\n" +" * Use-after-free.\n" +" * Double-frees.\n" +" * Memory leaks.\n" +"* Automático como en Java:\n" +" * Pausas en Garbage Colletion.\n" +" * Destructor delays.\n" +"* Scope-based como en C++:\n" +" * Complejo, a elección del programador.\n" +" * Potencial de use-after-free.\n" +"* Compiler-enforced y scope-based como Rust:\n" +" * Alguna upfront complexity.\n" +" * Puede denegar programas válidos." + +#: src/ownership.md:1 +msgid "# Ownership" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership.md:3 +msgid "" +"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error to\n" +"use a variable outside its scope:" +msgstr "" +"Todos los enlaces de variables tienen un _scope_ donde son válidas y es un error\n" +"usar la variable fuera de este _scope_:" + +#: src/ownership.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"struct Point(i32, i32);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership.md:9 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" {\n" +" let p = Point(3, 4);\n" +" println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership.md:18 +msgid "" +"* At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed.\n" +"* A destructor can run here to free up resources.\n" +"* We say that the variable _owns_ the value." +msgstr "" +"* Al final del _scope_, se borra la variable y se liberan los datos.\n" +"* Un destructor puede correr aquí y liberar los recursos.\n" +"* Podemos decir que la variable es dueña del valor." + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:1 +msgid "# Move Semantics" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:3 +msgid "An assignment will transfer ownership between variables:" +msgstr "Una asignación transferirá su propiedad entre variables:" + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n" +" let s2: String = s1;\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1: String = String::from(\"Hola!\");\n" +" let s2: String = s1;\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:14 +msgid "" +"* The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership.\n" +"* The data was _moved_ from `s1` and `s1` is no longer accessible.\n" +"* When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it has no ownership.\n" +"* When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed.\n" +"* There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value." +msgstr "" +"* La asignación de `s1` a `s2` transfiere el _ownership_.\n" +"* Los datos se mueven de `s1` y `s2` si no se accede más.\n" +"* Cuando `s1` sale del ámbito, no sucede nada: no tiene dueño.\n" +"* Cuando `s2` sale del ámbito, el dato del string es liberado.\n" +"* Allí siempre hay _exactamente_ una variable enlazada que es dueña del valor." + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:22 +msgid "" +"* Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by value unless you use " +"`std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!)." +msgstr "" +"* Hay que destacar que el contrario de los defaults en C++, que copia por valor a menos que uses " +"`std::move` (y el movimiento del constructor está definido!)." + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:24 +msgid "* In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)." +msgstr "* En Rust los clones son explícitos (usando `clone`)." + +#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:1 +msgid "# Moved Strings in Rust" +msgstr "# Mover Strings en Rust" + +#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:3 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n" +" let s2: String = s1;\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:10 +msgid "" +"* The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`.\n" +"* When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)." +msgstr "" +"* La pila (heap) de datos de `s1` es rehusado para `s2`.\n" +"* Cuando `s1` sale del scope, no sucede nada (se movió de)." + +#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:13 +msgid "Before move to `s2`:" +msgstr "Antes de mover a `s2`:" + +#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:15 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" +": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +": :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:30 +msgid "After move to `s2`:" +msgstr "Luego de mover a `s2`:" + +#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:32 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" +": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n" +": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +": s2 : |\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : |\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n" +": | len | 4 | :\n" +": | capacity | 4 | :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ :\n" +": :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:1 +msgid "# Double Frees in Modern C++" +msgstr "# Liberar Doble en C++ moderno" + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:3 +msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:" +msgstr "El C++ moderno lo resuelve diferente:" + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:5 +msgid "" +"```c++\n" +"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n" +"std::string s2 = s1; // Duplicate the data in s1.\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```c++\n" +"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n" +"std::string s2 = s1; // Duplica los datos en s1.\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:10 +msgid "" +"* The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy.\n" +"* When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory." +msgstr "" +"* La pila de datos de `s1` duplicada en `s2` obtiene su copia de datos independiente.\n" +"* Cuando `s1` y `s2` salen del scope, cada uno liberan su propia memoria." + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:13 +msgid "Before copy-assignment:" +msgstr "Antes de la asignación-copia:" + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:16 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:30 +msgid "After copy-assignment:" +msgstr "Luego de la asignación-copia:" + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:32 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +": s2 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:1 +msgid "# Moves in Function Calls" +msgstr "# Movimientos en Llamadas de Funciones" + +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:3 +msgid "" +"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function\n" +"parameter. This transfers ownership:" +msgstr "" +"Cuando pasas un valor a una función, el valor es asignado al parámetro de la\n" +"función. Esto transfiere el ownership:" + +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn say_hello(name: String) {\n" +" println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:11 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n" +" say_hello(name);\n" +" // say_hello(name);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:20 +msgid "" +"* With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. Afterwards, `name` " +"cannot be used anymore within `main`.\n" +"* The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the `say_hello` function.\n" +"* `main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and if `say_hello` " +"accepts a reference as a parameter.\n" +"* Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name.clone()`).\n" +"* Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move semantics the " +"default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit." +msgstr "" +"* Con la primer llamada a `say_hello`, `main` da propiedad de `name`. Después de todo, `name` no " +"puede usarse meas dentro de `main`.\n" +"* La pila de memoria se asigna para `name` y será liberada al final de la función `say_hello`.\n" +"* `main` puede mantener la propiedad si pasa `name` como referencia (`&name`) y si `say_hello` " +"acepta una referencia como un parámetro.\n" +"* Alternativamente, `main` puede pasar un clon de `name` in la primer llamada (`name.clone()`).\n" +"* Rust hace esto más duro que C++ para crear copias automáticas mediante mover semánticas por " +"defecto, y forzando a los programadores a hacer clones explícitos." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:1 +msgid "# Copying and Cloning" +msgstr "# Copiar y Clonar" + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:3 +msgid "While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:" +msgstr "Mientras mover semántica es por defecto, en otros casos los tipos son copiados:" + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = 42;\n" +" let y = x;\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:14 +msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait." +msgstr "Esos tipos implementan el trato de `Copia`." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:16 +msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:" +msgstr "Puedes elegir tu propio tipo para usar copias semánticas:" + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:18 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n" +"struct Point(i32, i32);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:22 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" +" let p2 = p1;\n" +" println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n" +" println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:30 +msgid "" +"* After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data.\n" +"* We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data." +msgstr "" +"* Luego de la asignación, ambos `p1` y `p2` obtienen su propio dato.\n" +"* También podemos usar `p1.clone()` para explícitamente copiar datos." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:35 +msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:" +msgstr "Copiar datos y clonar no es la misma cosa:" + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:37 +msgid "" +"* Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on arbitrary objects.\n" +"* Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++).\n" +"* Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by implementing the " +"`Clone` trait.\n" +"* Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait." +msgstr "" +"* Copiar refiere a copias bit a bit de regiones de memoria y no funciona con objetos arbitrarios.\n" +"* Copiar no permite por lógica personalizada (como copiar constructores en C++).\n" +"* Clonar es una operación más general y también permite estados personalizados implementando el " +"trato de `Clon`.\n" +"* Copiar no funciona en tipos que implementan el trato `Drop`." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:42 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:29 +msgid "In the above example, try the following:" +msgstr "En el ejemplo de arriba, intenta lo siguiente:" + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:44 +msgid "" +"* Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` is not a `Copy` " +"type.\n" +"* Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the `println!` for " +"`p1`.\n" +"* Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead." +msgstr "" +"* Agrega el campo `String` a `struct Point`. Esto no compilará porque `String` no es un tipo de " +"`Copia`.\n" +"* Remueve la `Copia` de el atributo `resultante`. El error del compilador es ahora `println!` para " +"`p1`.\n" +"* Muestra que en cambio funciona si clonas `p1`." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:48 +msgid "" +"If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a way to generate code in " +"Rust\n" +"at compile time. In this case the default implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are " +"generated.\n" +" \n" +"" +msgstr "" +"Si un estudiante pregunta sobre `derive`, es suficiente decir que esta es la forma que se genera " +"el código en Rust\n" +"en tiempo de compilación. En este caso la implementación del trato por defecto de `Copiar` y " +"`Clonar` los genera.\n" +" \n" +"" + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:1 +msgid "# Borrowing" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:3 +msgid "" +"Instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, you can let a\n" +"function _borrow_ the value:" +msgstr "" +"En vez de transferir la propiedad cuando llamamos a una función, puedes _prestar_\n" +"el valor a una función:" + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:6 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Point(i32, i32);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:10 +msgid "" +"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n" +" Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:14 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" +" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n" +" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n" +" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:22 +msgid "" +"* The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point.\n" +"* The caller retains ownership of the inputs." +msgstr "" +"* El `add` de la función presta dos puntos y devuelve uno nuevo.\n" +"* El llamador mantiene la propiedad de sus inputs." + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:27 +msgid "" +"Notes on stack returns:\n" +"* Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can eliminate the copy " +"operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses and run it on the [Playground]. In the " +"\"DEBUG\" optimization level, the addresses should change, while the stay the same when changing " +"to the \"RELEASE\" setting:" +msgstr "" +"Notas acerca de la pila devuelta:\n" +"* Demuestra que el return de `add` es adecuado porque le compilador puede eliminar la operación de " +"copia. Cambia el código de arriba para imprimir una pila de direcciones y corre esto en " +"[Playground]. En nivel de optimización \"DEBUG\", las direcciones pueden cambiar, mientras que se " +"mantienen igual cuando se cambia el seteo a \"RELEASE\":" + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:30 +msgid "" +" ```rust,editable\n" +" #[derive(Debug)]\n" +" struct Point(i32, i32);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:34 +msgid "" +" fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n" +" let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n" +" println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n" +" p\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:40 +msgid "" +" fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" +" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n" +" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n" +" println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n" +" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" +" }\n" +" ```\n" +"* The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO).\n" +"* In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because constructors can " +"have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at all. If RVO did not happen, Rust will always " +"performs a simple and efficient `memcpy` copy." +msgstr "" +" fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" +" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n" +" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n" +" println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n" +" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" +" }\n" +" ```\n" +"* El compilador de Rust puede devolver optimización de valor (RVO).\n" +"* En C++, la copia elisión tiene que estar definida en la especificación porque los contructores " +"pueden tener efectos secundarios. En Rust, esto para nada es un issue. Si no sucede RVO, Rust " +"siempre hará que corre de forma simple y eficiente con una copia `memcpy`." + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:53 +msgid "[Playground]: https://play.rust-lang.org/" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:1 +msgid "# Shared and Unique Borrows" +msgstr "# Shared y Unique Borrows" + +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:3 +msgid "Rust puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values:" +msgstr "Rust restringe la forma que puedes estar calores:" + +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:5 +msgid "" +"* You can have one or more `&T` values at any given time, _or_\n" +"* You can have exactly one `&mut T` value." +msgstr "" +"* A lo largo del tiempo puedes tener diferentes valores `&T`, _o_\n" +"* Puedes tener exactamente el mismo valor `&mud T`." + +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a: i32 = 10;\n" +" let b: &i32 = &a;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:13 +msgid "" +" {\n" +" let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n" +" *c = 20;\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:18 src/std/rc.md:13 +msgid "" +" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" +" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:25 +msgid "" +"* The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through `c`) and as " +"immutable (through `b`) at the same time.\n" +"* Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` to make the code " +"compile.\n" +"* After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before the new mutable " +"borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow checker called \"non-lexical " +"lifetimes\"." +msgstr "" +"* El código de arriba no compila porque `a` es prestado como mutable (a través de `c`) y es " +"inmutable (a través de `b`) al mismo tiempo.\n" +"* Mueve el `println!` para `b` antes del scope que dice a `c` hacer que el código compile.\n" +"* Luego de ese cambio, el compilados hace que `b` sea usado solo antes de un préstamo mutable de " +"`a` a través de `c`. Esta es una característica para chequear los préstamos llamada \"non-lexical " +"lifetimes\"." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:1 +msgid "# Lifetimes" +msgstr "# Tiempo de Vida" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:3 +msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:" +msgstr "Un valor prestado tiene un tiempo de vida:" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:5 +msgid "" +"* The lifetime can be elided: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`.\n" +"* Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`.\n" +"* Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the\n" +" lifetime `a`\".\n" +"* Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime\n" +" yourself.\n" +" * Lifetime annotations create constraints; the compiler verifies that there is\n" +" a valid solution." +msgstr "" +"* El tiempo de vida puede ser otorgado: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`.\n" +"* El tiempo también puede ser explícito: `&’a Point`, `&’document str`.\n" +"* Leer `&’a Point` como un \"`Point` prestado\" que es válido para al menos el tiempo de `a`\".\n" +"* Los tiempos de vida siempre son inferidos por el compilador: no puedes asignar uno tú mismo.\n" +"* Las anotaciones de tiempo de vida crea dependencias; el compilador verifica que allí haya una " +"solución válida." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:1 +msgid "# Lifetimes in Function Calls" +msgstr "# Tiempo de Vida en Llamada a Funciones" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:3 +msgid "In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed value:" +msgstr "Además, para prestar estos argumentos, una función puede devolver un valor prestado:" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:9 +msgid "" +"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" +" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:13 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" +" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" +" let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n" +" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:21 +msgid "" +"* `'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler.\n" +"* Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name.\n" +"* Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the\n" +" lifetime `a`\".\n" +" * The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes." +msgstr "" +"* `’a` es un parámetro genérico, inferido por el compilador.\n" +"* Los tiempos de vida empiezan con `’` y `’a` es el nombre típico por default.\n" +"* Lee `&’ un Point` es \"un `Point` prestado que es válido por al menos el ciclo de vida de " +"`a`\".\n" +"* El _al menos_ es importante cuando los parámetros están en diferentes scopes." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:31 +msgid "" +"* Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a a new scope (`{ ... }`), resulting in the following " +"code:\n" +" ```rust,ignore\n" +" #[derive(Debug)]\n" +" struct Point(i32, i32);" +msgstr "" +"* Mueve la declaración de `p2` y `p3` a un nuevo scope (`{ … }`), resultando en este código:\n" +" ```rust,ignore\n" +" #[derive(Debug)]\n" +" struct Point(i32, i32);" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:36 +msgid "" +" fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" +" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:40 +msgid "" +" fn main() {\n" +" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" +" let p3: &Point;\n" +" {\n" +" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" +" p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" +" }\n" +" ```\n" +" Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`." +msgstr "" +" fn main() {\n" +" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" +" let p3: &Point;\n" +" {\n" +" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" +" p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" +" }\n" +" ```\n" +" Nota como no compila desde que `p3` persiste `p2`." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:52 +msgid "" +"* Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, " +"p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will not compile because the relationship between the lifetimes " +"`'a` and `'b` is unclear.\n" +"* Another way to explain it:\n" +" * Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function returns\n" +" another reference.\n" +" * It must have come from one of those two inputs (or from a global variable).\n" +" * Which one is it? The compiler needs to to know, so at the call site the returned reference is " +"not used\n" +" for longer than a variable from where the reference came from." +msgstr "" +"* Resetea el workspace y cambia el signo de la función a `fn left_most<‘a, ‘b>(p1: &’a Point, p2: " +"&’a Point) -> &’b Point`. Esto no compilará porque la relación entre los ciclos de vida `’a` y " +"`’b` no es clara.\n" +"* Otra forma de explicar esto:\n" +" *Dos referencias para dos valores son prestados por una función y la función devuelve otra " +"referencia.\n" +" * esto debe venir desde uno de esos dos inputs (o de una variable global).\n" +" * Cuál es esta? El compilador necesita saber, que la llamada para volver al sitio de referencia " +"no se usa más que como variable de donde viene la referencia." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:1 +msgid "# Lifetimes in Data Structures" +msgstr "# Ciclos de Vida y Estructura de Datos" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:3 +msgid "If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:" +msgstr "SI un tipo de datos presta data, debe ser anotado como un ciclo de vida:" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:9 +msgid "" +"fn erase(text: String) {\n" +" println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:13 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\");\n" +" let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n" +" let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n" +" // erase(text);\n" +" println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n" +" println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:25 +msgid "" +"* In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data underlying the " +"contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of `Highlight` that uses that data.\n" +"* If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), the borrow checker " +"throws an error.\n" +"* Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This can be useful for " +"creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them somewhat harder to use.\n" +"* When possible, make data structures own their data directly.\n" +"* Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime annotation. This " +"can be necessary if there is a need to describe lifetime relationships between the references " +"themselves, in addition to the lifetime of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases.\n" +"" +msgstr "" +"* En el ejemplo de arriba, las anotaciones `resaltadlas` fuerzan que los datos contenidos en " +"`&str` viven al menos a lo largo de todas las instancias `resaltadlas` que usan esos datos.\n" +"* Si el `texto` es usado antes del final del ciclo de vida de `fox` (o `dog`), el chequeado de " +"préstamos arrojará error.\n" +"* Los tipos que prestan datos fuerzan a los usuarios a mantener el dato original. Esto puede ser " +"útil para crear vistas ligeras, pero generalmente hace que sea difícil de usar.\n" +"* Cuando sea posible, haz estructuras de datos tengan su dato directamente.\n" +"* Algunas estructuras con múltiples referencias dentro pueden tener más de una anotación de ciclo " +"de vida. Esto puede ser necesario si allí quiere describir un a relación de ciclo de vida entre " +"las referencias, ademas del ciclo de vida de las estructuras en sí mismo. Aquellas son casos de " +"uso más avanzado.\n" +"" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:1 +msgid "# Day 1: Afternoon Exercises" +msgstr "# Día 1: Ejercicios de la Tarde" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:3 +msgid "We will look at two things:" +msgstr "Veremos todas estas cosas:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:5 +msgid "* A small book library," +msgstr "* Un pequeño libro de biblioteca," + +#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:7 +msgid "* Iterators and ownership (hard)." +msgstr "* Iteradores y propiedad (difícil)." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:13 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:9 +msgid "[solutions]: solutions-afternoon.md" +msgstr "[soluciones]: solutions-afternoon.md" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:1 +msgid "# Designing a Library" +msgstr "# Diseñar una Librería" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:3 +msgid "" +"We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec` type tomorrow. For now,\n" +"you just need to know part of its API:" +msgstr "" +"Mañana aprenderemos mucho mas acerca de estructuras y tipos `Vec`. Por ahora,\n" +"solo necesitas conocer parte de esta API:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" +" vec.push(30);\n" +" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[vec.len() / 2]);\n" +" for item in vec.iter() {\n" +" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:17 +msgid "" +"Use this to create a library application. Copy the code below to\n" +" and update the types to make it compile:" +msgstr "" +"Usa esto para crear una librería de aplicación. Copia el código debajo a\n" +" y actualiza los tipos para hacer que compile:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:24 +msgid "" +"struct Library {\n" +" books: Vec,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:28 src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:27 +msgid "" +"struct Book {\n" +" title: String,\n" +" year: u16,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:33 src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:32 +msgid "" +"impl Book {\n" +" // This is a constructor, used below.\n" +" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n" +" Book {\n" +" title: String::from(title),\n" +" year,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"impl Book {\n" +" // Este es el constructor, usado debajo.\n" +" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n" +" Book {\n" +" title: String::from(title),\n" +" year,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:43 +msgid "" +"// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n" +"impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n" +" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n" +" write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"// Esto hace posible imprimir valores del libro con {}.\n" +"impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n" +" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n" +" write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n" +" }\n" +"}" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:50 +msgid "" +"impl Library {\n" +" fn new() -> Library {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:55 +msgid "" +" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" +" // unimplemented!()\n" +" //}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:59 +msgid "" +" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" +" // unimplemented!()\n" +" //}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:63 +msgid "" +" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" +" // unimplemented!()\n" +" //}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:67 +msgid "" +" //fn print_books(self) {\n" +" // unimplemented!()\n" +" //}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:71 +msgid "" +" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" +" // unimplemented!()\n" +" //}\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:76 +msgid "" +"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n" +"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n" +"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n" +"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let library = Library::new();" +msgstr "" +"// Esto muestra el estado deseado. Descomenta el código debajo e\n" +"// implementa el método que falta. Puedes necesitar actualizar el \n" +"// signo del método, incluyendo el parámetro \"self\". También\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let library = Library::new();" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:83 +msgid "" +" //println!(\"Our library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n" +" //\n" +" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" +" //\n" +" //library.print_books();\n" +" //\n" +" //match library.oldest_book() {\n" +" // Some(book) => println!(\"My oldest book is {book}\"),\n" +" // None => println!(\"My library is empty!\"),\n" +" //}\n" +" //\n" +" //println!(\"Our library has {} books\", library.len());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:99 +msgid "" +"
\n" +" \n" +"[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:1 +msgid "# Iterators and Ownership" +msgstr "# Iteratoradores y Propiedad" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:3 +msgid "" +"The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the\n" +"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and\n" +"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html)\n" +"traits." +msgstr "" +"El modelo de propiedad de Rust afecta muchas APIs. Un ejemplo de esto es\n" +"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) y\n" +"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html)." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:8 +msgid "## `Iterator`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:10 +msgid "" +"Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. The\n" +"`Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get `None` back:" +msgstr "" +"Estos son como interfaces: ellas describen un estado (método) para un tipo. El\n" +"`Iterador` simplemente dice que puedes llamar al `siguiente` hasta que se devuelve `ninguno`:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:13 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"pub trait Iterator {\n" +" type Item;\n" +" fn next(&mut self) -> Option;\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:20 +msgid "You use this trait like this:" +msgstr "Puedes usar lo siguiente:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:22 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let mut iter = v.iter();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:27 +msgid "" +" println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +" println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +" println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +" println!(\"No more items: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:34 +msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:" +msgstr "Cuál es el tipo devuelto por el iterador? Testea tu respuesta aquí:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:36 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let mut iter = v.iter();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:41 +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:78 +msgid "" +" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" +" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:46 +msgid "Why is this type used?" +msgstr "Por qué es usado este tipo?" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:48 +msgid "## `IntoIterator`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:50 +msgid "" +"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an\n" +"iterator. The related trait `IntoIterator` tells you how to create the iterator:" +msgstr "" +"El `Iterator` te dice cómo _iterarP una vez que creas un\n" +"iterado. La relación `IntoIterator` dice cómo crear un iterador:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:53 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"pub trait IntoIterator {\n" +" type Item;\n" +" type IntoIter: Iterator;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:58 +msgid "" +" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:62 +msgid "" +"The syntax here means that every implementation of `IntoIterator` must\n" +"declare two types:" +msgstr "La sintaxis aquí dice que cada implementación de `IntoIterator` debe declarar dos tipos:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:65 +msgid "" +"* `Item`: the type we iterate over, such as `i8`,\n" +"* `IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method." +msgstr "" +"* `Item`: el tipo que iteramos, como `i8`,\n" +"* `IntoIter`: el tipo `Iterator` devuelto por el método `into_iter`." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:68 +msgid "" +"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same\n" +"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option`" +msgstr "" +"Nota que `IntoIter` e `Item` están linkeados: el iterado debe tener el mismo\n" +"tipo `Item`, que quiere decir que retorna `Option`" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:71 +msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?" +msgstr "Como antes, qué es el tipo devuelto por el iterador?" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:73 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];\n" +" let mut iter = v.into_iter();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:83 +msgid "## `for` Loops" +msgstr "## Loops `for`" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:85 +msgid "" +"Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` loops.\n" +"They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the resulting\n" +"iterator:" +msgstr "" +"Ahora que sabemos de ambos `Iterator` y `Intolterator`, podemos hacer loops `for`.\n" +"Ellos llaman `into_iter()` en una expresión e iterados sobre el iterado resultante:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:89 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:93 +msgid "" +" for word in &v {\n" +" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:97 +msgid "" +" for word in v {\n" +" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:103 +msgid "What is the type of `word` in each loop?" +msgstr "Qué es el tipo `word` en cada loop?" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:105 +msgid "" +"Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for [`impl\n" +"IntoIterator for\n" +"&Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-" +"%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n" +"and [`impl IntoIterator for\n" +"Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-" +"Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n" +"to check your answers." +msgstr "" +"Experimenta con el código de arriba y luego consultas por [`impl\n" +"IntoIterator for\n" +"&Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-" +"%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n" +"y [`impl IntoIterator for\n" +"Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-" +"Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n" +"para verificar tus respuestas." + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md:1 +msgid "# Welcome to Day 2" +msgstr "# Bienvenido al Día 2" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md:3 +msgid "Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, we will continue with:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md:5 +msgid "* Structs, enums, methods." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md:7 +msgid "* Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md:9 +msgid "" +"* Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, and\n" +" `continue`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md:12 +msgid "" +"* The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc`\n" +" and `Arc`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md:15 +msgid "* Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy." +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs.md:1 +msgid "# Structs" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs.md:3 +msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Person {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" age: u8,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs.md:11 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut peter = Person {\n" +" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n" +" age: 27,\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n" +" \n" +" peter.age = 28;\n" +" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n" +" \n" +" let jackie = Person {\n" +" name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n" +" ..peter\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs.md:29 +msgid "" +"
\n" +"Key Points: " +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs.md:32 +msgid "" +"* Structs work like in C or C++.\n" +" * Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type.\n" +" * Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs.\n" +"* Methods are defined in an `impl` block, which we will see in following slides.\n" +"* This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of structs. \n" +" * Zero-sized structs `e.g., struct Foo;` might be used when implementing a trait on some type " +"but don’t have any data that you want to store in the value itself. \n" +" * The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are not important.\n" +"* The syntax `..peter` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the old struct without " +"having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be the last element." +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:1 +msgid "# Tuple Structs" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:3 +msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Point(i32, i32);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:8 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p = Point(17, 23);\n" +" println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:14 +msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:16 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"struct PoundOfForce(f64);\n" +"struct Newtons(f64);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:20 +msgid "" +"fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundOfForce {\n" +" todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:24 +msgid "" +"fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n" +" // ...\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:28 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let force = compute_thruster_force();\n" +" set_thruster_force(force);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:33 src/traits/default.md:36 src/generics/trait-objects.md:86 +msgid "```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:37 +msgid "" +"* Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in a primitive type, " +"for example:\n" +" * The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above.\n" +" * The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have to validate it " +"again at every use: 'PhoneNumber(String)` or `OddNumber(u32)`.\n" +"* Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the single field in the " +"newtype.\n" +" * Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or for instance " +"using booleans as integers.\n" +" * Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics). \n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:1 +msgid "# Field Shorthand Syntax" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:3 +msgid "" +"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the\n" +"struct using a shorthand:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:6 src/methods.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Person {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" age: u8,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:13 +msgid "" +"impl Person {\n" +" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n" +" Person { name, age }\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:19 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n" +" println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:27 +msgid "" +"The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is interchangeable with the " +"struct type name" +msgstr "" + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:29 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"impl Person {\n" +" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n" +" Self { name, age }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```\n" +" \n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums.md:1 +msgid "# Enums" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums.md:3 +msgid "" +"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few\n" +"different variants:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n" +" 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums.md:11 +msgid "" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"enum CoinFlip {\n" +" Heads,\n" +" Tails,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums.md:17 +msgid "" +"fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n" +" let random_number = generate_random_number();\n" +" if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n" +" return CoinFlip::Heads;\n" +" } else {\n" +" return CoinFlip::Tails;\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums.md:26 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums.md:31 +msgid "" +"
\n" +" \n" +"Key Points:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums.md:35 +msgid "" +"* Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type\n" +"* This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and `Tail`. You might note " +"the namespace when using variants.\n" +"* This might be a good time to compare Structs and Enums:\n" +" * In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one with different " +"types of fields (variant payloads). \n" +" * In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block.\n" +" * You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate structs but then they " +"wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were all defined in an enum. \n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:1 +msgid "# Variant Payloads" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:3 +msgid "" +"You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then use the\n" +"`match` statement to extract the data from each variant:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"enum WebEvent {\n" +" PageLoad, // Variant without payload\n" +" KeyPress(char), // Tuple struct variant\n" +" Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:13 +msgid "" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n" +" match event {\n" +" WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n" +" WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n" +" WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:22 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n" +" let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n" +" let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:27 +msgid "" +" inspect(load);\n" +" inspect(press);\n" +" inspect(click);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:35 +msgid "" +"* In the above example, accessing the `char` in `KeyPress`, or `x` and `y` in `Click` only works " +"within a `match` or an `if let` statement.\n" +"* `match` and `if let` inspect a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`.\n" +"* It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::discriminant()`\n" +" * This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs where comparing field " +"values doesn't affect equality.\n" +"* `WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::Click(Click)` with a top level " +"`struct Click { ... }`. The inlined version cannot implement traits, for example." +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:1 +msgid "# Enum Sizes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:3 +msgid "Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into account:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:8 +msgid "" +"macro_rules! dbg_size {\n" +" ($t:ty) => {\n" +" println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n" +" stringify!($t), size_of::<$t>(), align_of::<$t>());\n" +" };\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:15 +msgid "" +"enum Foo {\n" +" A,\n" +" B,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:20 +msgid "" +"#[repr(u32)]\n" +"enum Bar {\n" +" A, // 0\n" +" B = 10000,\n" +" C, // 10001\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:27 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" dbg_size!(Foo);\n" +" dbg_size!(Bar);\n" +" dbg_size!(bool);\n" +" dbg_size!(Option);\n" +" dbg_size!(&i32);\n" +" dbg_size!(Option<&i32>);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:37 +msgid "* See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:39 +msgid "" +"
\n" +" \n" +"Key Points: \n" +" * Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum variant.\n" +" * `Bar` enum demonstrates that there is a way to control the discriminant value and type. If " +"`repr` is removed, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, becuase 10001 fits 2 bytes.\n" +" * As a niche optimization an enum discriminant is merged with the pointer so that `Option<&Foo>` " +"is the same size as `&Foo`.\n" +" * `Option` is another example of tight packing.\n" +" * For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/#representation), Rust guarantees that " +"`size_of::()` equals `size_of::>()`.\n" +" * Zero-sized types allow for efficient implementation of `HashSet` using `HashMap` with `()` as " +"the value." +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:49 +msgid "" +"Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation *may* look like in practice.\n" +"It's important to note that the compiler provides no guarantees regarding this representation, " +"therefore this is totally unsafe." +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:52 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::mem::transmute;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:55 src/enums/sizes.md:94 +msgid "" +"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" +" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" +" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, $bit_type>($e));\n" +" };\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:61 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" +" // representation of types.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(true, u8);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:69 +msgid "" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(None::, u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:74 +msgid "" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option>\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(None::), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(None::>, u8);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:80 +msgid "" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:87 +msgid "" +"More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain more than 256 `Option`s " +"together." +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:89 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:92 +msgid "use std::mem::transmute;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:100 +msgid "" +"// Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" signs.\n" +"// Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n" +"macro_rules! many_options {\n" +" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n" +" ($value:expr, @) => {\n" +" Some(Some($value))\n" +" };\n" +" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n" +" many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n" +" };\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:112 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" +" // representation of types.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n" +" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n" +" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:120 +msgid "" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's.\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:124 +msgid "" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's.\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:128 +msgid "" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's.\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with an\n" +"`impl` block:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods.md:13 +msgid "" +"impl Person {\n" +" fn say_hello(&self) {\n" +" println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"impl Person {\n" +" fn say_hello(&self) {\n" +" println!(\"Hola, mi nombre es {}\", self.name);\n" +" }\n" +"}" + +#: src/methods.md:19 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let peter = Person {\n" +" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n" +" age: 27,\n" +" };\n" +" peter.say_hello();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods.md:30 +msgid "" +"Key Points:\n" +"* It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions.\n" +" * Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the first parameter " +"represents the instance as `self`.\n" +" * Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver syntax and to help " +"keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep all the implementation code in one " +"predictable place.\n" +"* Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver. \n" +" * Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self:&Self` and perhaps show how the struct name " +"could also be used. \n" +" * Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and can be used " +"elsewhere in the block.\n" +" * Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to refer to individual " +"fields.\n" +" * This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` by modifying the " +"code and trying to run say_hello twice. \n" +"* We describe the distinction between method receivers next.\n" +" \n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods/receiver.md:1 +msgid "# Method Receiver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods/receiver.md:3 +msgid "" +"The `&self` above indicates that the method borrows the object immutably. There\n" +"are other possible receivers for a method:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods/receiver.md:6 +msgid "" +"* `&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable\n" +" reference. The object can be used again afterwards.\n" +"* `&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable\n" +" reference. The object can be used again afterwards.\n" +"* `self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The\n" +" method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped (deallocated)\n" +" when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly\n" +" transmitted.\n" +"* `mut self`: same as above, but while the method owns the object, it can\n" +" mutate it too. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability.\n" +"* No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to\n" +" create constructors which are called `new` by convention." +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods/receiver.md:19 +msgid "" +"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also\n" +"[special wrapper types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html)\n" +"allowed to be receiver types, such as `Box`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods/receiver.md:23 +msgid "" +"
\n" +" \n" +"Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". These constraints always " +"come\n" +"together in Rust due to borrow checker rules, and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to\n" +"reference a struct from multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method on it.\n" +" \n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods/example.md:1 src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:1 +msgid "# Example" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods/example.md:3 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Race {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" laps: Vec,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods/example.md:10 +msgid "" +"impl Race {\n" +" fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n" +" Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods/example.md:15 +msgid "" +" fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write access to self\n" +" self.laps.push(lap);\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods/example.md:19 +msgid "" +" fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n" +" println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n" +" for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n" +" println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n" +" }\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods/example.md:26 +msgid "" +" fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n" +" let total = self.laps.iter().sum::();\n" +" println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, total);\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods/example.md:32 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n" +" race.add_lap(70);\n" +" race.add_lap(68);\n" +" race.print_laps();\n" +" race.add_lap(71);\n" +" race.print_laps();\n" +" race.finish();\n" +" // race.add_lap(42);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods/example.md:44 +msgid "" +"
\n" +" \n" +"Key Points:\n" +"* All four methods here use a different method receiver.\n" +" * You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the variable values and if/" +"how it can be used again in `main`.\n" +" * You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` twice.\n" +"* Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static functions are called the " +"same way in the main body. Rust enables automatic referencing and dereferencing when calling " +"methods. Rust automatically adds in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches the method " +"signature.\n" +"* You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated over. We describe " +"vectors in more detail in the afternoon. " +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:1 +msgid "# Pattern Matching" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:3 +msgid "" +"The `match` keyword let you match a value against one or more _patterns_. The\n" +"comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins." +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:6 +msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let input = 'x';" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:12 +msgid "" +" match input {\n" +" 'q' => println!(\"Quitting\"),\n" +" 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n" +" '0'..='9' => println!(\"Number input\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"Something else\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:21 +msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value." +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:23 +msgid "" +"
\n" +" \n" +"Key Points:\n" +"* You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a pattern\n" +" * `|` as an `or`\n" +" * `..` can expand as much as it needs to be\n" +" * `1..=5` represents an inclusive range\n" +" * `_` is a wild card\n" +"* It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a wildcard character with " +"a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`.\n" +"* You can demonstrate matching on a reference.\n" +"* This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable patterns, as the term can show " +"up in error messages.\n" +" \n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:1 +msgid "# Destructuring Enums" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:3 +msgid "" +"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is how\n" +"you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple `enum` type:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"enum Result {\n" +" Ok(i32),\n" +" Err(String),\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:12 +msgid "" +"fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n" +" if n % 2 == 0 {\n" +" Result::Ok(n / 2)\n" +" } else {\n" +" Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:20 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let n = 100;\n" +" match divide_in_two(n) {\n" +" Result::Ok(half) => println!(\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"),\n" +" Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:29 +msgid "" +"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first\n" +"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second arm,\n" +"`msg` is bound to the error message." +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:35 +msgid "" +"Key points:\n" +"* The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with a `match`.\n" +"* You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the errors when running " +"the code. Point out the places where your code is now inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to " +"give you hints." +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:1 +msgid "# Destructuring Structs" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:3 +msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Foo {\n" +" x: (u32, u32),\n" +" y: u32,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:11 +msgid "" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n" +" match foo {\n" +" Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n" +" Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n" +" Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, other fields were ignored\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```\n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:23 +msgid "" +"* Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns.\n" +"* Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed.\n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:1 +msgid "# Destructuring Arrays" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:3 +msgid "You can destructure arrays, tuples, and slices by matching on their elements:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let triple = [0, -2, 3];\n" +" println!(\"Tell me about {triple:?}\");\n" +" match triple {\n" +" [0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" +" [1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:21 +msgid "* Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of fixed length." +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:24 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n" +" inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:30 +msgid "" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n" +" println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n" +" match slice {\n" +" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" +" &[1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```\n" +" \n" +"* Create a new pattern using `_` to represent an element. \n" +"* Add more values to the array.\n" +"* Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of elements.\n" +"* Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:1 +msgid "# Match Guards" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:3 +msgid "" +"When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary Boolean\n" +"expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let pair = (2, -2);\n" +" println!(\"Tell me about {pair:?}\");\n" +" match pair {\n" +" (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"These are twins\"),\n" +" (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n" +" (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"The first one is odd\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"No correlation...\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:22 +msgid "" +"Key Points:\n" +"* Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when we wish to concisely " +"express more complex ideas than patterns alone would allow.\n" +"* They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. An `if` expression " +"inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the match arm is selected. Failing the `if` " +"condition inside of that block won't result in other arms\n" +"of the original `match` expression being considered. \n" +"* You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression.\n" +"* The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern with an `|`.\n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:1 +msgid "# Day 2: Morning Exercises" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:3 +msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:5 +msgid "* Simple struct which tracks health statistics." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:7 +msgid "* Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:1 +msgid "# Health Statistics" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:3 +msgid "" +"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, you\n" +"need to keep track of users' health statistics." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:6 +msgid "" +"You'll start with some stubbed functions in an `impl` block as well as a `User`\n" +"struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out methods on the\n" +"`User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:10 +msgid "" +"Copy the code below to and fill in the missing\n" +"methods:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:17 +msgid "" +"struct User {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" age: u32,\n" +" weight: f32,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:23 +msgid "" +"impl User {\n" +" pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, weight: f32) -> Self {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:28 +msgid "" +" pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:32 +msgid "" +" pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:36 +msgid "" +" pub fn weight(&self) -> f32 {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:40 +msgid "" +" pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:44 +msgid "" +" pub fn set_weight(&mut self, new_weight: f32) {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:49 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +" println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:54 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_weight() {\n" +" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +" assert_eq!(bob.weight(), 155.2);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:60 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_set_age() {\n" +" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n" +" bob.set_age(33);\n" +" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:1 +msgid "# Polygon Struct" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:3 +msgid "" +"We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the code below\n" +"to and fill in the missing methods to make the\n" +"tests pass:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:7 src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:23 +#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:12 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:11 +msgid "" +"pub struct Point {\n" +" // add fields\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:15 +msgid "" +"impl Point {\n" +" // add methods\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:19 +msgid "" +"pub struct Polygon {\n" +" // add fields\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:23 +msgid "" +"impl Polygon {\n" +" // add methods\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:27 +msgid "" +"pub struct Circle {\n" +" // add fields\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:31 +msgid "" +"impl Circle {\n" +" // add methods\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:35 +msgid "" +"pub enum Shape {\n" +" Polygon(Polygon),\n" +" Circle(Circle),\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:40 src/testing/test-modules.md:15 +msgid "" +"#[cfg(test)]\n" +"mod tests {\n" +" use super::*;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:44 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:165 +msgid "" +" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" +" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:48 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:169 +msgid "" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:54 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:175 +msgid "" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_point_dist() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n" +" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n" +" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:61 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:182 +msgid "" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_point_add() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" +" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n" +" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:68 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:189 +msgid "" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:73 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:194 +msgid "" +" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +" poly.add_point(p1);\n" +" poly.add_point(p2);\n" +" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:79 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:200 +msgid "" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:84 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:205 +msgid "" +" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +" poly.add_point(p1);\n" +" poly.add_point(p2);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:88 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:209 +msgid "" +" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" +" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:92 +msgid "" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n" +" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n" +" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n" +" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n" +" let shapes = vec![\n" +" Shape::from(poly),\n" +" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" +" ];\n" +" let perimeters = shapes\n" +" .iter()\n" +" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n" +" .map(round_two_digits)\n" +" .collect::>();\n" +" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:111 src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:68 +msgid "" +"#[allow(dead_code)]\n" +"fn main() {}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:117 +msgid "" +"Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the key part\n" +"of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to modify the tests." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:120 +msgid "" +"Other interesting parts of the exercise:\n" +" \n" +"* Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes don't borrow their " +"arguments.\n" +"* Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be addable via \"+\". Note that " +"we do not discuss generics until Day 3." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow.md:1 +msgid "# Control Flow" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow.md:3 +msgid "" +"As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to conditionally\n" +"evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value which then becomes\n" +"the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow expressions work similarly\n" +"in Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:1 +msgid "# Blocks" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:3 +msgid "" +"A block in Rust has a value and a type: the value is the last expression of the\n" +"block:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = {\n" +" let y = 10;\n" +" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +" let z = {\n" +" let w = {\n" +" 3 + 4\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n" +" y * w\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n" +" z - y\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:25 +msgid "" +"The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is the\n" +"return value:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:28 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n" +" x + x\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:33 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"doubled: {}\", double(7));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:38 +msgid "However if the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is `()`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:42 +msgid "" +"Key Points:\n" +"* The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in Rust. \n" +"* You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in the block. For " +"instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`.\n" +" \n" +"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:1 +msgid "# `if` expressions" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:3 +msgid "You use `if` very similarly to how you would in other languages:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut x = 10;\n" +" if x % 2 == 0 {\n" +" x = x / 2;\n" +" } else {\n" +" x = 3 * x + 1;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:16 +msgid "In addition, you can use it as an expression. This does the same as above:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:18 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut x = 10;\n" +" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" +" x / 2\n" +" } else {\n" +" 3 * x + 1\n" +" };\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:31 +msgid "" +"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its branch blocks must have " +"the same type. Consider showing what happens if you add `;` after `x / 2` in the second example.\n" +" \n" +"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:1 +msgid "# `if let` expressions" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:3 +msgid "If you want to match a value against a pattern, you can use `if let`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let arg = std::env::args().next();\n" +" if let Some(value) = arg {\n" +" println!(\"Program name: {value}\");\n" +" } else {\n" +" println!(\"Missing name?\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:16 src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:21 +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:22 +msgid "" +"See [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) for more details on patterns in\n" +"Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:21 +msgid "" +"* `if let` can be more concise than `match`, e.g., when only one case is interesting. In contrast, " +"`match` requires all branches to be covered.\n" +" * For the similar use case consider demonstrating a newly stabilized [`let else`](https://" +"github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/93628) feature.\n" +"* A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`.\n" +"* Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:1 +msgid "# `while` expressions" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:3 +msgid "The `while` keyword works very similar to other languages:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut x = 10;\n" +" while x != 1 {\n" +" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" +" x / 2\n" +" } else {\n" +" 3 * x + 1\n" +" };\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:1 +msgid "# `while let` expressions" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:3 +msgid "" +"Like with `if`, there is a `while let` variant which repeatedly tests a value\n" +"against a pattern:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let mut iter = v.into_iter();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:11 +msgid "" +" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:17 +msgid "" +"Here the iterator returned by `v.iter()` will return a `Option` on every\n" +"call to `next()`. It returns `Some(x)` until it is done, after which it will\n" +"return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through all items." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:27 +msgid "" +"* Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value matches the pattern.\n" +"* You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if statement that breaks when " +"there is no value to unwrap for `iter.next()`. The `while let` provides syntactic sugar for the " +"above scenario.\n" +" \n" +"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:1 +msgid "# `for` expressions" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:3 +msgid "" +"The `for` expression is closely related to the `while let` expression. It will\n" +"automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate over it:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:10 +msgid "" +" for x in v {\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" }\n" +" \n" +" for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n" +" println!(\"i: {i}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:20 +msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:22 +msgid "" +"
\n" +" \n" +"* Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case.\n" +"* `(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. \n" +"* `step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every other element. \n" +"* Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change vector `v` to be " +"mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:1 +msgid "# `loop` expressions" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:3 +msgid "" +"Finally, there is a `loop` keyword which creates an endless loop. Here you must\n" +"either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut x = 10;\n" +" loop {\n" +" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" +" x / 2\n" +" } else {\n" +" 3 * x + 1\n" +" };\n" +" if x == 1 {\n" +" break;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:23 +msgid "" +"
\n" +" \n" +"* Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:1 +msgid "# `match` expressions" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:3 +msgid "" +"The `match` keyword is used to match a value against one or more patterns. In\n" +"that sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n" +" Some(\"cat\") => println!(\"Will do cat things\"),\n" +" Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Will ls some files\"),\n" +" Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Let's move some files\"),\n" +" Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, dangerous!\"),\n" +" None => println!(\"Hmm, no program name?\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"Unknown program name!\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:19 +msgid "" +"Like `if let`, each match arm must have the same type. The type is the last\n" +"expression of the block, if any. In the example above, the type is `()`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:27 +msgid "" +"* Save the match expression to a variable and print it out.\n" +"* Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error.\n" +" * `std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option`, but we cannot match against " +"`String`.\n" +" * `as_deref()` transforms an `Option` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our case, this turns " +"`Option` into `Option<&str>`.\n" +" * We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside `Option`.\n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:1 +msgid "# `break` and `continue`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:3 +msgid "" +"If you want to exit a loop early, use `break`, if you want to immediately start\n" +"the next iteration use `continue`. Both `continue` and `break` can optionally\n" +"take a label argument which is used to break out of nested loops:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" +" 'outer: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" let mut i = 0;\n" +" while i < x {\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n" +" i += 1;\n" +" if i == 3 {\n" +" break 'outer;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:25 +msgid "In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std.md:1 +msgid "# Standard Library" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common types\n" +"used by Rust library and programs. This way, two libraries can work together\n" +"smoothly because they both use the same `String` type." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std.md:7 +msgid "The common vocabulary types include:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std.md:9 +msgid "" +"* [`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional values\n" +" and [error handling](error-handling.md)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std.md:12 +msgid "* [`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std.md:14 +msgid "* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std.md:16 +msgid "" +"* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing\n" +" algorithm." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std.md:19 +msgid "* [`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std.md:21 +msgid "* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated data." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std.md:23 +msgid "" +"
\n" +" \n" +" * In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, `alloc` and `std`. \n" +" * `core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on `libc`, allocator or\n" +" even the presence of an operating system. \n" +" * `alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, `Box` and `Arc`.\n" +" * Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/option-result.md:1 +msgid "# `Option` and `Result`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/option-result.md:3 +msgid "The types represent optional data:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/option-result.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n" +" println!(\"first: {first:?}\");" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/option-result.md:11 +msgid "" +" let idx: Result = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n" +" println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/option-result.md:18 +msgid "" +"* `Option` and `Result` are widely used not just in the standard library.\n" +"* `Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`.\n" +"* `Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on Day 3.\n" +"* `binary_search` returns `Result`.\n" +" * If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found.\n" +" * Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should be inserted." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/string.md:1 +msgid "# String" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/string.md:3 +msgid "[`String`][1] is the standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/string.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut s1 = String::new();\n" +" s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n" +" println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/string.md:11 +msgid "" +" let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n" +" s2.push_str(&s1);\n" +" s2.push('!');\n" +" println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/string.md:16 +msgid "" +" let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n" +" println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n" +" s3.chars().count());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/string.md:22 +msgid "" +"`String` implements [`Deref`][2], which means that you can call all\n" +"`str` methods on a `String`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/string.md:25 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html\n" +"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/string.md:30 +msgid "" +"* `len()` returns the size of the `String` in bytes, not its length in characters.\n" +"* `chars()` returns an iterator over the actual characters." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/vec.md:1 +msgid "# `Vec`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/vec.md:3 +msgid "[`Vec`][1] is the standard resizable heap-allocated buffer:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/vec.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n" +" v1.push(42);\n" +" println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/vec.md:11 +msgid "" +" let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n" +" v2.extend(v1.iter());\n" +" v2.push(9999);\n" +" println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/vec.md:16 +msgid "" +" // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n" +" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/vec.md:19 +msgid "" +" // Retain only the even elements.\n" +" v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n" +" println!(\"{v3:?}\");" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/vec.md:23 +msgid "" +" // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n" +" v3.dedup();\n" +" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/vec.md:29 +msgid "" +"`Vec` implements [`Deref`][2], which means that you can call slice\n" +"methods on a `Vec`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/vec.md:32 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n" +"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-[T]" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/vec.md:37 +msgid "" +"* `Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data it contains is " +"stored\n" +" on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't need to be known at compile time. It can " +"grow\n" +" or shrink at runtime.\n" +"* Notice how `Vec` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` explicitly. As " +"always\n" +" with Rust type inference, the `T` was established during the first `push` call.\n" +"* `vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it supports adding initial\n" +" elements to the vector.\n" +"* To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. Alternatively, using\n" +" `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will remove the last element.\n" +"* Show iterating over a vector and mutating the value:\n" +" `for e in &mut v { *e += 50; }`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:1 +msgid "# `HashMap`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:3 +msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::collections::HashMap;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:8 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n" +" page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), 207);\n" +" page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n" +" page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:14 +msgid "" +" if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n" +" println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n" +" page_counts.len());\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:19 +msgid "" +" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n" +" match page_counts.get(book) {\n" +" Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n" +" None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n" +" }\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:26 +msgid "" +" // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n" +" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n" +" let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string()).or_insert(0);\n" +" *page_count += 1;\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:32 +msgid "" +" println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:38 +msgid "" +"* `HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope.\n" +"* Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the hashmap and if not " +"return an alternative value. The second line will insert the alternative value in the hashmap if " +"the book is not found." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:41 +msgid "" +" ```rust,ignore\n" +" let pc1 = page_counts\n" +" .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n" +" .unwrap_or(&336);\n" +" let pc2 = page_counts\n" +" .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n" +" .or_insert(374);\n" +" ```\n" +"* Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro.\n" +" * Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`][1], which allows us to " +"easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:52 +msgid "" +" ```rust,ignore\n" +" let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n" +" (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n" +" (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n" +" ]);\n" +" ```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:59 +msgid "" +" * Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-value tuples.\n" +"* We are showing `HashMap`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make examples easier. " +"Using references in collections can, of course, be done,\n" +" but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker.\n" +" * Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still compiles. Where do you " +"think we might run into issues?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:64 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-" +"From%3C%5B(K%2C%20V)%3B%20N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK%2C%20V%2C%20RandomState%3E" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box.md:1 +msgid "# `Box`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box.md:3 +msgid "[`Box`][1] is an owned pointer to data on the heap:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let five = Box::new(5);\n" +" println!(\"five: {}\", *five);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box.md:13 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": five : : :\n" +": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" +": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n" +": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" +": : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +"`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box.md:26 +msgid "" +"`Box` implements `Deref`, which means that you can [call methods\n" +"from `T` directly on a `Box`][2]." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box.md:29 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n" +"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box.md:34 +msgid "" +"* `Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++. \n" +"* In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` statement thanks to " +"`Deref`. \n" +"* A `Box` can be useful when you:\n" +" * have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust compiler wants to " +"know an exact size.\n" +" * want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large amounts of data " +"on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` so only the pointer is moved.\n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:1 +msgid "# Box with Recursive Data Structures" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:3 +msgid "Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:5 src/std/box-niche.md:3 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"enum List {\n" +" Cons(T, Box>),\n" +" Nil,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:12 src/std/box-niche.md:10 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let list: List = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::new(List::Nil))));\n" +" println!(\"{list:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:18 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": list : : :\n" +": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----+ :\n" +": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // | :\n" +": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----+ :\n" +": : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:33 +msgid "" +"* If the `Box` was not used here and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the `List`,\n" +"the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory, it would look infinite." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:36 +msgid "" +"* `Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and just points at the " +"next\n" +"element of the `List` in the heap." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:39 +msgid "" +"* Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. \"Recursive with " +"indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or reference of some kind, instead of storing " +"a value directly. \n" +" \n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box-niche.md:1 +msgid "# Niche Optimization" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box-niche.md:16 +msgid "" +"A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This\n" +"allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box-niche.md:19 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": list : : :\n" +": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------+ :\n" +": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null | :\n" +": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------+ :\n" +": : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/rc.md:1 +msgid "# `Rc`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/rc.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`Rc`][1] is a reference-counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer\n" +"to the same data from multiple places:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/rc.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::rc::Rc;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/rc.md:9 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n" +" let mut b = a.clone();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/rc.md:18 +msgid "" +"* If you need to mutate the data inside an `Rc`, you will need to wrap the data in\n" +" a type such as [`Cell` or `RefCell`][2].\n" +"* See [`Arc`][3] if you are in a multi-threaded context.\n" +"* You can *downgrade* a shared pointer into a [`Weak`][4] pointer to create cycles\n" +" that will get dropped." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/rc.md:24 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n" +"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/index.html\n" +"[3]: ../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md\n" +"[4]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/rc.md:31 +msgid "" +"* Like C++'s `std::shared_ptr`.\n" +"* `clone` is cheap: creates a pointer to the same allocation and increases the reference count.\n" +"* `make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") and returns a " +"mutable reference.\n" +"* You can `downgrade()` a `Rc` into a *weakly reference-counted* object to\n" +" create cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with\n" +" `RefCell`)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/rc.md:38 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n" +"use std::cell::RefCell;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/rc.md:42 +msgid "" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Node {\n" +" value: i64,\n" +" parent: Option>>,\n" +" children: Vec>>,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/rc.md:49 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut root = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" +" value: 42,\n" +" parent: None,\n" +" children: vec![],\n" +" }));\n" +" let child = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" +" value: 43,\n" +" children: vec![],\n" +" parent: Some(Rc::downgrade(&root))\n" +" }));\n" +" root.borrow_mut().children.push(child);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/rc.md:62 +msgid "" +" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules.md:1 +msgid "# Modules" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules.md:3 +msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules.md:5 +msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"mod foo {\n" +" pub fn do_something() {\n" +" println!(\"In the foo module\");\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules.md:14 +msgid "" +"mod bar {\n" +" pub fn do_something() {\n" +" println!(\"In the bar module\");\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules.md:20 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" foo::do_something();\n" +" bar::do_something();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules.md:28 +msgid "" +"* Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that describes how to build a " +"bundle of 1+ crates.\n" +"* Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and a library crate " +"compiles to a library.\n" +"* Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:1 +msgid "# Visibility" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:3 +msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:5 +msgid "" +"* Module items are private by default (hides implementation details).\n" +"* Parent and sibling items are always visible.\n" +"* In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all the\n" +" descendants of `foo`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:10 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"mod outer {\n" +" fn private() {\n" +" println!(\"outer::private\");\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:16 +msgid "" +" pub fn public() {\n" +" println!(\"outer::public\");\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:20 +msgid "" +" mod inner {\n" +" fn private() {\n" +" println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:25 +msgid "" +" pub fn public() {\n" +" println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n" +" super::private();\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:32 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" outer::public();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:39 +msgid "* Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:41 +msgid "" +"Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope of public visibility." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:43 +msgid "" +"* See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-privacy.html#pubin-" +"path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)).\n" +"* Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern.\n" +"* Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path.\n" +"* In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of its descendants)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/paths.md:1 +msgid "# Paths" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/paths.md:3 +msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/paths.md:5 +msgid "" +"1. As a relative path:\n" +" * `foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,\n" +" * `super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/paths.md:9 +msgid "" +"2. As an absolute path:\n" +" * `crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate,\n" +" * `bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:1 +msgid "# Filesystem Hierarchy" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:3 +msgid "The module content can be omitted:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"mod garden;\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:9 +msgid "The `garden` module content is found at:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:11 +msgid "" +"* `src/garden.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)\n" +"* `src/garden/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:14 +msgid "Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:16 +msgid "" +"* `src/garden/vegetables.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)\n" +"* `src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:19 +msgid "The `crate` root is in:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:21 +msgid "" +"* `src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)\n" +"* `src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:26 +msgid "" +"* The change from `module/mod.rs` to `module.rs` doesn't preclude the use of submodules in Rust " +"2018.\n" +" (It was mandatory in Rust 2015.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:29 +msgid " The following is valid:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:31 +msgid "" +" ```ignore\n" +" src/\n" +" ├── main.rs\n" +" ├── top_module.rs\n" +" └── top_module/\n" +" └── sub_module.rs\n" +" ```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:39 +msgid "" +"* The main reason for the change is to prevent many files named `mod.rs`, which can be hard\n" +" to distinguish in IDEs." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:42 +msgid "" +"* Rust will look for modules in `modulename/mod.rs` and `modulename.rs`, but this can be changed\n" +" with a compiler directive:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:45 +msgid "" +" ```rust,ignore\n" +" #[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n" +" mod some_module { }\n" +" ```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:50 +msgid "" +" This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module in a file named\n" +" `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:1 +msgid "# Day 2: Afternoon Exercises" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:3 +msgid "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:1 +msgid "# Luhn Algorithm" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used to\n" +"validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and does the\n" +"following to validate the credit card number:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:7 +msgid "* Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:9 +msgid "" +"* Moving from right to left, double every second digit: for the number `1234`,\n" +" we double `3` and `1`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:12 +msgid "" +"* After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` which\n" +" becomes `5`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:15 +msgid "* Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:17 +msgid "* The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:19 +msgid "" +"Copy the following code to and implement the\n" +"function:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:27 +msgid "" +"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:31 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:36 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:64 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:44 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:72 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:49 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:77 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:54 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:82 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:61 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:1 +msgid "# Strings and Iterators" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:3 +msgid "" +"In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web server. The\n" +"server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which are matched against\n" +"_request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a wildcard character which\n" +"matches a full segment. See the unit tests below." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:8 +msgid "" +"Copy the following code to and make the tests\n" +"pass. Try avoiding allocating a `Vec` for your intermediate results:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:16 +msgid "" +"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:20 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:26 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:146 +msgid "" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/publishers\"));\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:31 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:151 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" +" ));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" +" ));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" +" ));" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:46 +msgid "" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" +" ));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md:1 +msgid "# Welcome to Day 3" +msgstr "# Bienvenido al Día 3" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md:3 +msgid "Today, we will cover some more advanced topics of Rust:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md:5 +msgid "" +"* Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library\n" +" traits." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md:8 +msgid "" +"* Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and trait\n" +" objects." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md:11 +msgid "* Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md:13 +msgid "* Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md:15 +msgid "" +"* Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern\n" +" functions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits.md:1 +msgid "# Traits" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits.md:3 +msgid "Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"trait Greet {\n" +" fn say_hello(&self);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits.md:10 +msgid "" +"struct Dog {\n" +" name: String,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits.md:14 +msgid "struct Cat; // No name, cats won't respond to it anyway." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits.md:16 +msgid "" +"impl Greet for Dog {\n" +" fn say_hello(&self) {\n" +" println!(\"Wuf, my name is {}!\", self.name);\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits.md:22 +msgid "" +"impl Greet for Cat {\n" +" fn say_hello(&self) {\n" +" println!(\"Miau!\");\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits.md:28 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let pets: Vec> = vec![\n" +" Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n" +" Box::new(Cat),\n" +" ];\n" +" for pet in pets {\n" +" pet.say_hello();\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits.md:41 +msgid "" +"* Traits may specify pre-implemented (default) methods and methods that users are required to " +"implement themselves. Methods with default implementations can rely on required methods.\n" +"* Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it impossible to have " +"things like `Vec` in the example above.\n" +"* `dyn Greet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that implements " +"`Greet`.\n" +"* In the example, `pets` holds Fat Pointers to objects that implement `Greet`. The Fat Pointer " +"consists of two components, a pointer to the actual object and a pointer to the virtual method " +"table for the `Greet` implementation of that particular object." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits.md:46 +msgid "" +"Compare these outputs in the above example:\n" +"```rust,ignore\n" +" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::(), std::mem::size_of::());\n" +" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::<&Cat>());\n" +" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Greet>());\n" +" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::>());\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:1 +msgid "# Deriving Traits" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:3 +msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n" +"struct Player {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" strength: u8,\n" +" hit_points: u8,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:13 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Player::default();\n" +" let p2 = p1.clone();\n" +" println!(\"Is {:?}\\nequal to {:?}?\\nThe answer is {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n" +" if p1 == p2 { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" });\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:1 +msgid "# Default Methods" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:3 +msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"trait Equals {\n" +" fn equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" +" fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" +" !self.equal(other)\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:13 +msgid "" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Centimeter(i16);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:16 +msgid "" +"impl Equals for Centimeter {\n" +" fn equal(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n" +" self.0 == other.0\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:22 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let a = Centimeter(10);\n" +" let b = Centimeter(20);\n" +" println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equal(&b));\n" +" println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equal(&b));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/important-traits.md:1 +msgid "# Important Traits" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/important-traits.md:3 +msgid "We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard library:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/important-traits.md:5 +msgid "" +"* [`Iterator`][1] and [`IntoIterator`][2] used in `for` loops,\n" +"* [`From`][3] and [`Into`][4] used to convert values,\n" +"* [`Read`][5] and [`Write`][6] used for IO,\n" +"* [`Add`][7], [`Mul`][8], ... used for operator overloading, and\n" +"* [`Drop`][9] used for defining destructors.\n" +"* [`Default`][10] used to construct a default instance of a type." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/important-traits.md:12 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html\n" +"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html\n" +"[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n" +"[4]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html\n" +"[5]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html\n" +"[6]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html\n" +"[7]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html\n" +"[8]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html\n" +"[9]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html\n" +"[10]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/iterator.md:1 +msgid "# Iterators" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/iterator.md:3 +msgid "You can implement the [`Iterator`][1] trait on your own types:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/iterator.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Fibonacci {\n" +" curr: u32,\n" +" next: u32,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/iterator.md:11 +msgid "" +"impl Iterator for Fibonacci {\n" +" type Item = u32;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/iterator.md:14 +msgid "" +" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" +" let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n" +" self.curr = self.next;\n" +" self.next = new_next;\n" +" Some(self.curr)\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/iterator.md:22 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n" +" for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n" +" println!(\"fib({i}): {n}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/iterator.md:32 +msgid "" +"* `IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by collection types " +"such as\n" +" `Vec` and references to them such as `&Vec` and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it.\n" +"* The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming operations over collections \n" +" (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is the trait where you can find all the " +"documentation\n" +" about them. In Rust these functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent " +"imperative\n" +" implementations.\n" +" \n" +"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/iterator.md:41 +msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:1 +msgid "# FromIterator" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:3 +msgid "[`FromIterator`][1] lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`][2]." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let primes = vec![2, 3, 5, 7];\n" +" let prime_squares = primes\n" +" .into_iter()\n" +" .map(|prime| prime * prime)\n" +" .collect::>();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:17 +msgid "" +"`Iterator` implements\n" +"`fn collect(self) -> B\n" +"where\n" +" B: FromIterator,\n" +" Self: Sized`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:23 +msgid "" +"There are also implementations which let you do cool things like convert an\n" +"`Iterator>` into a `Result, E>`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:28 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html\n" +"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-into.md:1 +msgid "# `From` and `Into`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-into.md:3 +msgid "Types implement [`From`][1] and [`Into`][2] to facilitate type conversions:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-into.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s = String::from(\"hello\");\n" +" let addr = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n" +" let one = i16::from(true);\n" +" let bigger = i32::from(123i16);\n" +" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-into.md:15 +msgid "[`Into`][2] is automatically implemented when [`From`][1] is implemented:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-into.md:17 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s: String = \"hello\".into();\n" +" let addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n" +" let one: i16 = true.into();\n" +" let bigger: i32 = 123i16.into();\n" +" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-into.md:27 +msgid "" +"
\n" +" \n" +"* That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get `Into` implementation " +"too.\n" +"* When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be converted into a " +"`String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`.\n" +" Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ implement `Into`.\n" +" \n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-into.md:35 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n" +"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:1 +msgid "# `Read` and `Write`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:3 +msgid "Using [`Read`][1] and [`BufRead`][2], you can abstract over `u8` sources:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:8 +msgid "" +"fn count_lines(reader: R) -> usize {\n" +" let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n" +" buf_reader.lines().count()\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:13 +msgid "" +"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" +" let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n" +" println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:17 +msgid "" +" let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n" +" println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:23 +msgid "Similarly, [`Write`][3] lets you abstract over `u8` sinks:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:25 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::io::{Result, Write};" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:28 +msgid "" +"fn log(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n" +" writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n" +" writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:33 +msgid "" +"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" +" let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n" +" log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n" +" log(&mut buffer, \"World\")?;\n" +" println!(\"Logged: {:?}\", buffer);\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:42 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html\n" +"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html\n" +"[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/operators.md:1 +msgid "# `Add`, `Mul`, ..." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/operators.md:3 +msgid "Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`][1]:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/operators.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n" +"struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/operators.md:9 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:46 +msgid "" +"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n" +" type Output = Self;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/operators.md:12 +msgid "" +" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n" +" Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/operators.md:17 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n" +" let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n" +" println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/operators.md:26 src/traits/drop.md:34 +msgid "Discussion points:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/operators.md:28 +msgid "" +"* You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful? \n" +" * Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are\n" +" overloading the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading\n" +" the operator for `&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the\n" +" call site.\n" +"* Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter?\n" +" * Short answer: Type parameters are controlled by the caller, but\n" +" associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementor of a\n" +" trait." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/operators.md:40 +msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/drop.md:1 +msgid "# The `Drop` Trait" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/drop.md:3 +msgid "Values which implement [`Drop`][1] can specify code to run when they go out of scope:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/drop.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Droppable {\n" +" name: &'static str,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/drop.md:10 +msgid "" +"impl Drop for Droppable {\n" +" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" +" println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/drop.md:16 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n" +" {\n" +" let b = Droppable { name: \"b\" };\n" +" {\n" +" let c = Droppable { name: \"c\" };\n" +" let d = Droppable { name: \"d\" };\n" +" println!(\"Exiting block B\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"Exiting block A\");\n" +" }\n" +" drop(a);\n" +" println!(\"Exiting main\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/drop.md:36 +msgid "" +"* Why does not `Drop::drop` take `self`?\n" +" * Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of\n" +" the block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack\n" +" overflow!\n" +"* Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/drop.md:44 +msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default.md:1 +msgid "# The `Default` Trait" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default.md:3 +msgid "[`Default`][1] trait provides a default implementation of a trait." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" +"struct Derived {\n" +" x: u32,\n" +" y: String,\n" +" z: Implemented,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default.md:13 +msgid "" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Implemented(String);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default.md:16 +msgid "" +"impl Default for Implemented {\n" +" fn default() -> Self {\n" +" Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default.md:22 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let default_struct: Derived = Default::default();\n" +" println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default.md:26 +msgid "" +" let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n" +" y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n" +" ..Default::default()\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default.md:32 +msgid "" +" let nothing: Option = None;\n" +" println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default.md:40 +msgid "" +" * It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`.\n" +" * Derived implementation will produce an instance where all fields are set to their default " +"values.\n" +" * This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too.\n" +" * Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. `0`, `\"\"`, etc).\n" +" * The partial struct copy works nicely with default.\n" +" * Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and provides convenience " +"methods that use it." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default.md:49 +msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics.md:1 +msgid "# Generics" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust support generics, which lets you abstract an algorithm (such as sorting)\n" +"over the types used in the algorithm." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/data-types.md:1 +msgid "# Generic Data Types" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/data-types.md:3 +msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/data-types.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Point {\n" +" x: T,\n" +" y: T,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/data-types.md:12 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n" +" let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n" +" println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/methods.md:1 +msgid "# Generic Methods" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/methods.md:3 +msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/methods.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Point(T, T);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/methods.md:9 +msgid "" +"impl Point {\n" +" fn x(&self) -> &T {\n" +" &self.0 // + 10\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/methods.md:14 +msgid "" +" // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/methods.md:17 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p = Point(5, 10);\n" +" println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/methods.md:25 +msgid "" +"* *Q:* Why `T` is specified twice in `impl Point {}`? Isn't that redundant?\n" +" * This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. They are " +"independently generic.\n" +" * It means these methods are defined for any `T`.\n" +" * It is possible to write `impl Point { .. }`. \n" +" * `Point` is still generic and you can use `Point`, but methods in this block will only " +"be available for `Point`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:1 +msgid "# Trait Bounds" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:3 +msgid "" +"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement\n" +"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:6 +msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n" +" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:13 +msgid "" +"// Syntactic sugar for:\n" +"// fn add_42_millions>(x: T) -> i32 {\n" +"fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into) -> i32 {\n" +" x.into() + 42_000_000\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:19 +msgid "// struct NotClonable;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:21 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n" +" let pair = duplicate(foo);\n" +" println!(\"{pair:?}\");" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:26 +msgid "" +" let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n" +" println!(\"{many}\");\n" +" let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n" +" println!(\"{many_more}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:35 +msgid "" +"Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code.\n" +" \n" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T)\n" +"where\n" +" T: Clone,\n" +"{\n" +" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:46 +msgid "" +"* It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters.\n" +"* It has additional features making it more powerful.\n" +" * If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can be arbitrary, " +"like `Option`.\n" +" \n" +"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:1 +msgid "# `impl Trait`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:3 +msgid "" +"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function\n" +"arguments and return values:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:6 src/generics/trait-objects.md:5 src/generics/trait-objects.md:28 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::fmt::Display;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:9 +msgid "" +"fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n" +" format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:13 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n" +" println!(\"{x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:19 +msgid "" +"* `impl Trait` cannot be used with the `::<>` turbo fish syntax.\n" +"* `impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:24 +msgid "The meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:26 +msgid "" +"* For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a trait bound.\n" +"* For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that implements the " +"trait,\n" +" without naming the type. This can be useful when you don't want to expose the concrete type in " +"a\n" +" public API." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:31 +msgid "" +"This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to explain that\n" +"nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` type. If we used a single \n" +"`T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint that input `T` and return `T` type are the same " +"type.\n" +"It would not work for this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely not\n" +"what `format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` syntax, we'd need two\n" +"independent generic parameters.\n" +" \n" +"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/closures.md:1 +msgid "# Closures" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/closures.md:3 +msgid "" +"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, they\n" +"implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html),\n" +"[`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and\n" +"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/closures.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 {\n" +" println!(\"Calling function on {input}\");\n" +" func(input)\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/closures.md:14 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n" +" let mul_5 = |x| x * 5;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/closures.md:18 +msgid "" +" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n" +" println!(\"mul_5: {}\", apply_with_log(mul_5, 20));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/closures.md:25 +msgid "If you have an `FnOnce`, you may only call it once. It might consume captured values." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/closures.md:27 +msgid "" +"An `FnMut` might mutate captured values, so you can call it multiple times but not concurrently." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/closures.md:29 +msgid "" +"An `Fn` neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or perhaps captures nothing at all, so it " +"can\n" +"be called multiple times concurrently." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/closures.md:32 +msgid "" +"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. I.e. you can use an\n" +"`FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or " +"`FnOnce`\n" +"is called for." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/closures.md:36 +msgid "`move` closures only implement `FnOnce`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:1 +msgid "# Monomorphization" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:3 +msgid "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let integer = Some(5);\n" +" let float = Some(5.0);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:12 +msgid "behaves as if you wrote" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:14 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"enum Option_i32 {\n" +" Some(i32),\n" +" None,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:20 +msgid "" +"enum Option_f64 {\n" +" Some(f64),\n" +" None,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:25 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let integer = Option_i32::Some(5);\n" +" let float = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:31 +msgid "" +"This is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you had\n" +"hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:1 +msgid "# Trait Objects" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:3 +msgid "We've seen how a function can take arguments which implement a trait:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:8 +msgid "" +"fn print(x: T) {\n" +" println!(\"Your value: {x}\");\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:12 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" print(123);\n" +" print(\"Hello\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:18 +msgid "However, how can we store a collection of mixed types which implement `Display`?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:20 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let xs = vec![123, \"Hello\"];\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:26 +msgid "For this, we need _trait objects_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:31 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let xs: Vec> = vec![Box::new(123), Box::new(\"Hello\")];\n" +" for x in xs {\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:39 +msgid "Memory layout after allocating `xs`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:41 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": xs : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o | :\n" +": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-+ :\n" +": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n" +": : : | | | +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | | :\n" +" : | | | +-------------------------+ :\n" +" : | | '---->| \"::fmt\" | :\n" +" : | | +-------------------------+ :\n" +" : | | :\n" +" : | | +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +" : | '-->| 7b | 00 | 00 | 00 | :\n" +" : | +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +" : | :\n" +" : | +-------------------------+ :\n" +" : '---->| \"::fmt\" | :\n" +" : +-------------------------+ :\n" +" : :\n" +" : :\n" +" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:69 +msgid "" +"Similarly, you need a trait object if you want to return different types\n" +"implementing a trait:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:72 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn numbers(n: i32) -> Box> {\n" +" if n > 0 {\n" +" Box::new(0..n)\n" +" } else {\n" +" Box::new((n..0).rev())\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:81 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", numbers(-5).collect::>());\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", numbers(5).collect::>());\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:1 +msgid "# Day 3: Morning Exercises" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:3 +msgid "We will design a classical GUI library traits and trait objects." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:1 +msgid "# A Simple GUI Library" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:3 +msgid "" +"Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits and\n" +"trait objects." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:6 +msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:8 +msgid "" +"* `Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets.\n" +"* `Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the\n" +" button is pressed.\n" +"* `Label`: has a `label`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:13 +msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:15 +msgid "" +"Copy the code below to , fill in the missing\n" +"`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:18 src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:25 +msgid "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" +"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:22 +msgid "" +"pub trait Widget {\n" +" /// Natural width of `self`.\n" +" fn width(&self) -> usize;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:26 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:27 +msgid "" +" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:29 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:30 +msgid "" +" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n" +" fn draw(&self) {\n" +" let mut buffer = String::new();\n" +" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n" +" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:37 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:38 +msgid "" +"pub struct Label {\n" +" label: String,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:41 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:42 +msgid "" +"impl Label {\n" +" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n" +" Label {\n" +" label: label.to_owned(),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:49 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:50 +msgid "" +"pub struct Button {\n" +" label: Label,\n" +" callback: Box,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:54 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:55 +msgid "" +"impl Button {\n" +" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box) -> Button {\n" +" Button {\n" +" label: Label::new(label),\n" +" callback,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:63 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:64 +msgid "" +"pub struct Window {\n" +" title: String,\n" +" widgets: Vec>,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:68 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:69 +msgid "" +"impl Window {\n" +" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n" +" Window {\n" +" title: title.to_owned(),\n" +" widgets: Vec::new(),\n" +" }\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:76 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:77 +msgid "" +" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box) {\n" +" self.widgets.push(widget);\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:82 +msgid "" +"impl Widget for Label {\n" +" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:87 src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:97 +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:107 +msgid "" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:92 +msgid "" +"impl Widget for Button {\n" +" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:102 +msgid "" +"impl Widget for Window {\n" +" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:112 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" +" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo.\")));\n" +" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" +" \"Click me!\",\n" +" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n" +" )));\n" +" window.draw();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:123 +msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:125 +msgid "" +"```text\n" +"========\n" +"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\n" +"========" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:130 +msgid "This is a small text GUI demo." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:132 +msgid "" +"| Click me! |\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:135 +msgid "" +"If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the\n" +"[fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment)\n" +"formatting operators. In particular, notice how you can pad with different\n" +"characters (here a `'/'`) and how you can control alignment:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:140 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let width = 10;\n" +" println!(\"left aligned: |{:/width$}|\", \"foo\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:149 +msgid "Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:151 +msgid "" +"```text\n" +"+--------------------------------+\n" +"| Rust GUI Demo 1.23 |\n" +"+================================+\n" +"| This is a small text GUI demo. |\n" +"| +-----------+ |\n" +"| | Click me! | |\n" +"| +-----------+ |\n" +"+--------------------------------+\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling.md:1 +msgid "# Error Handling" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling.md:3 +msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling.md:5 +msgid "" +"* Functions that can have errors list this in their return type,\n" +"* There are no exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md:1 +msgid "# Panics" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md:3 +msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,should_panic\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md:12 +msgid "" +"* Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors.\n" +" * Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program.\n" +"* Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:1 +msgid "# Catching the Stack Unwinding" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:3 +msgid "By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be caught:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"use std::panic;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:8 +msgid "" +"let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" +" println!(\"hello!\");\n" +"});\n" +"assert!(result.is_ok());" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:13 +msgid "" +"let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" +" panic!(\"oh no!\");\n" +"});\n" +"assert!(result.is_err());\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:19 +msgid "" +"* This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single\n" +" request crashes.\n" +"* This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/result.md:1 +msgid "# Structured Error Handling with `Result`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/result.md:3 +msgid "" +"We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when errors are\n" +"expected as part of normal operation:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/result.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"use std::fs::File;\n" +"use std::io::Read;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/result.md:10 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let file = File::open(\"diary.txt\");\n" +" match file {\n" +" Ok(mut file) => {\n" +" let mut contents = String::new();\n" +" file.read_to_string(&mut contents);\n" +" println!(\"Dear diary: {contents}\");\n" +" },\n" +" Err(err) => {\n" +" println!(\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\");\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/result.md:27 +msgid "" +" * As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the developer to\n" +" explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the case where an error should never " +"happen,\n" +" `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too. \n" +" * `Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it is worth " +"mentioning. \n" +" It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions that help functional-style " +"programming. \n" +" \n" +"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:1 +msgid "# Propagating Errors with `?`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:3 +msgid "" +"The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you turn\n" +"the common" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"match some_expression {\n" +" Ok(value) => value,\n" +" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:13 +msgid "into the much simpler" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:15 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"some_expression?\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:19 +msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handing code:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:21 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::fs;\n" +"use std::io::{self, Read};" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:25 +msgid "" +"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +" let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:28 +msgid "" +" let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n" +" Ok(file) => file,\n" +" Err(e) => return Err(e),\n" +" };" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:33 +msgid " let mut username = String::new();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:35 +msgid "" +" match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n" +" Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n" +" Err(e) => Err(e),\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:41 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n" +" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n" +" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:52 src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:52 +msgid "" +"* The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`.\n" +"* Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty file, file with " +"username." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:1 +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:1 +msgid "# Converting Error Types" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:3 +msgid "The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously indicated:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"expression?\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:9 +msgid "works the same as" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:11 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"match expression {\n" +" Ok(value) => value,\n" +" Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:18 +msgid "" +"The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to the\n" +"type returned by the function:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:3 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::error::Error;\n" +"use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n" +"use std::fs::{self, File};\n" +"use std::io::{self, Read};" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:9 +msgid "" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"enum ReadUsernameError {\n" +" IoError(io::Error),\n" +" EmptyUsername(String),\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:15 +msgid "impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:17 +msgid "" +"impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n" +" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n" +" match self {\n" +" Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {}\", e),\n" +" Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username in {}\", filename),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:26 +msgid "" +"impl From for ReadUsernameError {\n" +" fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n" +" ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:32 +msgid "" +"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" +" File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" +" if username.is_empty() {\n" +" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(username)\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:41 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n" +" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:55 +msgid "" +"It is good practice for all error types to implement `std::error::Error`, which requires `Debug` " +"and\n" +"`Display`. It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too where possible, to " +"make\n" +"life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In this case we can't easily do so, because\n" +"`io::Error` doesn't implement them." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:1 +msgid "# Deriving Error Enums" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) crate is a popular way to create an\n" +"error enum like we did on the previous page:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::{fs, io};\n" +"use std::io::Read;\n" +"use thiserror::Error;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:11 +msgid "" +"#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n" +"enum ReadUsernameError {\n" +" #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n" +" IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n" +" #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n" +" EmptyUsername(String),\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:19 +msgid "" +"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" +" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" +" if username.is_empty() {\n" +" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(username)\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:28 src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:25 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" +" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" +" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:39 +msgid "" +"`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, and optionally `Display`\n" +"(if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) and `From` (if the `#[from]` attribute is " +"added).\n" +"It also works for structs." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:43 +msgid "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:1 +msgid "# Dynamic Error Types" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:3 +msgid "" +"Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing our own enum covering\n" +"all the different possibilities. `std::error::Error` makes this easy." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::fs::{self, File};\n" +"use std::io::Read;\n" +"use thiserror::Error;\n" +"use std::error::Error;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:12 +msgid "" +"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n" +"#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n" +"struct EmptyUsernameError(String);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:16 +msgid "" +"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result> {\n" +" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" +" File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" +" if username.is_empty() {\n" +" return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(username)\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:36 +msgid "" +"This saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle different error cases differently " +"in\n" +"the program. As such it's generally not a good idea to use `Box` in the public API of " +"a\n" +"library, but it can be a good option in a program where you just want to display the error " +"message\n" +"somewhere." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:1 +msgid "# Adding Context to Errors" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:3 +msgid "" +"The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add\n" +"contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer\n" +"custom error types:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::{fs, io};\n" +"use std::io::Read;\n" +"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:12 +msgid "" +"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" +" fs::File::open(path)\n" +" .context(format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n" +" .read_to_string(&mut username)\n" +" .context(\"Failed to read\")?;\n" +" if username.is_empty() {\n" +" bail!(\"Found no username in {path}\");\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(username)\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:24 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" +" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" +" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:35 +msgid "" +"* `anyhow::Result` is a type alias for `Result`.\n" +"* `anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box`. As such it's again generally " +"not\n" +" a good choice for the public API of a library, but is widely used in applications.\n" +"* Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if necessary.\n" +"* Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result` may be familiar to Go developers, as it provides\n" +" similar usage patterns and ergonomics to `(T, error)` from Go." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing.md:1 +msgid "# Testing" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing.md:3 +msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing.md:5 +msgid "* Unit tests are supported throughout your code." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing.md:7 +msgid "* Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:1 +msgid "# Unit Tests" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:3 +msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n" +" match text.find(' ') {\n" +" Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n" +" None => &text,\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:13 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_empty() {\n" +" assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:18 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_single_word() {\n" +" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:23 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_multiple_words() {\n" +" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:29 +msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/test-modules.md:1 +msgid "# Test Modules" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/test-modules.md:3 +msgid "" +"Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the\n" +"[Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/test-modules.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n" +" format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/test-modules.md:11 +msgid "" +"pub fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/test-modules.md:19 +msgid "" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_helper() {\n" +" assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/test-modules.md:26 +msgid "" +"* This lets you unit test private helpers.\n" +"* The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:1 +msgid "# Documentation Tests" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:3 +msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n" +"///\n" +"/// ```\n" +"/// use playground::shorten_string;\n" +"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n" +"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n" +"/// ```\n" +"pub fn shorten_string(s: &str, length: usize) -> &str {\n" +" &s[..std::cmp::min(length, s.len())]\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:18 +msgid "" +"* Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code.\n" +"* The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`.\n" +"* Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" +"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:1 +msgid "# Integration Tests" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:3 +msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:5 +msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"use my_library::init;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:10 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_init() {\n" +" assert!(init().is_ok());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:16 +msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe.md:1 +msgid "# Unsafe Rust" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe.md:3 +msgid "The Rust language has two parts:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe.md:5 +msgid "" +"* **Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible.\n" +"* **Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are violated." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe.md:8 +msgid "" +"We will be seeing mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to know\n" +"what Unsafe Rust is." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe.md:11 +msgid "" +"Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be carefully\n" +"documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe.md:14 +msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe.md:16 +msgid "" +"* Dereference raw pointers.\n" +"* Access or modify mutable static variables.\n" +"* Access `union` fields.\n" +"* Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions.\n" +"* Implement `unsafe` traits." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe.md:22 +msgid "" +"We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please see\n" +"[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html)\n" +"and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe.md:28 +msgid "" +"Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers have\n" +"turned off the compiler safety features and have to write correct code by\n" +"themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety rules." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:1 +msgid "# Dereferencing Raw Pointers" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:3 +msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut num = 5;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:9 +msgid "" +" let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n" +" let r2 = &num as *const i32;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:12 +msgid "" +" // Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are guaranteed to be non-null " +"and\n" +" // properly aligned, the objects underlying the references from which they were obtained are\n" +" // live throughout the whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n" +" // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" println!(\"r1 is: {}\", *r1);\n" +" *r1 = 10;\n" +" println!(\"r2 is: {}\", *r2);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:26 +msgid "" +"It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write a comment for each\n" +"`unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it satisfies the safety requirements of the unsafe\n" +"operations it is doing." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:30 +msgid "" +"In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be\n" +"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:33 +msgid "" +" * The pointer must be non-null.\n" +" * The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single allocated object).\n" +" * The object must not have been deallocated.\n" +" * There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location.\n" +" * If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object must be live and no\n" +" reference may be used to access the memory." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:40 +msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:1 +msgid "# Mutable Static Variables" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:3 +msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:8 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:13 +msgid "" +"However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable\n" +"static variables:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:16 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:19 +msgid "" +"fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n" +" unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potential data race!\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:23 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" add_to_counter(42);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:26 +msgid "" +" unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potential data race!\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:32 +msgid "" +"Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases where it might make " +"sense\n" +"in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a heap allocator or working with some C APIs." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unions.md:1 +msgid "# Unions" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unions.md:3 +msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unions.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[repr(C)]\n" +"union MyUnion {\n" +" i: u8,\n" +" b: bool,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unions.md:12 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n" +" println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n" +" println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Undefined behavior!\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unions.md:21 +msgid "" +"Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They are occasionally " +"needed\n" +"for interacting with C library APIs." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unions.md:24 +msgid "" +"If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably want\n" +"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn.transmute.html) or a safe\n" +"wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy) crate." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:1 +msgid "# Calling Unsafe Functions" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:3 +msgid "" +"A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions you\n" +"must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:10 +msgid "" +" // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds of\n" +" // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n" +" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n" +" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:18 +msgid " println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..7) }));" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:20 +msgid "" +" // Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n" +" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n" +" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:25 +msgid "" +"fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n" +" s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:1 +msgid "# Writing Unsafe Functions" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:3 +msgid "" +"You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular conditions to avoid " +"undefined\n" +"behaviour." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n" +"///\n" +"/// # Safety\n" +"///\n" +"/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n" +"unsafe fn swap(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n" +" let temp = *a;\n" +" *a = *b;\n" +" *b = temp;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:18 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a = 42;\n" +" let mut b = 66;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:22 +msgid "" +" // Safe because ...\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:27 +msgid "" +" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:33 +msgid "We wouldn't actually use pointers for this because it can be done safely with references." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:35 +msgid "" +"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an `unsafe` block. We can\n" +"prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Try adding it and see what happens." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:1 +msgid "# Calling External Code" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:3 +msgid "" +"Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. Calling\n" +"them is thus unsafe:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"extern \"C\" {\n" +" fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:11 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" // Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n" +" println!(\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\", abs(-3));\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:21 +msgid "" +"This is usually only a problem for extern functions which do things with pointers which might\n" +"violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C function might have undefined behaviour under " +"any\n" +"arbitrary circumstances." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:25 +msgid "" +"The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI;\n" +"[other ABIs are available too](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:1 +msgid "# Implementing Unsafe Traits" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:3 +msgid "" +"Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation must guarantee\n" +"particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:6 +msgid "" +"For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks\n" +"[something like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:9 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::mem::size_of_val;\n" +"use std::slice;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:13 +msgid "" +"/// ...\n" +"/// # Safety\n" +"/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n" +"pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n" +" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, size_of_val(self))\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:24 +msgid "" +"// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n" +"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:30 +msgid "" +"There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining the requirements for\n" +"the trait to be safely implemented." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:33 +msgid "The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more complicated." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:35 +msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:1 +msgid "# Day 3: Afternoon Exercises" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:3 +msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:7 +msgid "After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution] provided." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:9 +msgid "[solution]: solutions-afternoon.md" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:1 +msgid "# Safe FFI Wrapper" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function\n" +"interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc`\n" +"functions you would use from C to read the filenames of a directory." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:7 +msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:9 +msgid "" +"* [`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)\n" +"* [`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)\n" +"* [`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:13 +msgid "" +"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`] module, particular for [`CStr`]\n" +"and [`CString`] types which are used to hold NUL-terminated strings coming from\n" +"C. The [Nomicon] also has a very useful chapter about FFI." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:17 +msgid "" +"[`std::ffi`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/\n" +"[`CStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html\n" +"[`CString`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html\n" +"[Nomicon]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:22 +msgid "" +"Copy the code below to and fill in the missing\n" +"functions and methods:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:29 +msgid "" +"mod ffi {\n" +" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:32 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:26 +msgid "" +" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" +" #[repr(C)]\n" +" pub struct DIR {\n" +" _data: [u8; 0],\n" +" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::PhantomPinned)>,\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:39 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:33 +msgid "" +" // Layout as per readdir(3) and definitions in /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu.\n" +" #[repr(C)]\n" +" pub struct dirent {\n" +" pub d_ino: c_long,\n" +" pub d_off: c_ulong,\n" +" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" +" pub d_type: c_char,\n" +" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:49 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:43 +msgid "" +" extern \"C\" {\n" +" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" +" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" +" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:56 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:50 +msgid "" +"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" +"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:59 +msgid "" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct DirectoryIterator {\n" +" path: CString,\n" +" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:65 +msgid "" +"impl DirectoryIterator {\n" +" fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" +" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:73 +msgid "" +"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" +" type Item = OsString;\n" +" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" +" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:81 +msgid "" +"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" +" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" +" // Call closedir as needed.\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:88 +msgid "" +"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" +" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" +" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-4.md:1 +msgid "# Welcome to Day 4" +msgstr "# Bienvenido al Día 4" + +#: src/welcome-day-4.md:3 +msgid "Today we will look at two main topics:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-4.md:5 +msgid "* Concurrency: threads, channels, shared state, `Send` and `Sync`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-4.md:7 +msgid "" +"* Android: building binaries and libraries, using AIDL, logging, and\n" +" interoperability with C, C++, and Java." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-4.md:10 +msgid "" +"> We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to\n" +"> find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code to\n" +"> Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something that\n" +"> parses some raw bytes would be ideal." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency.md:1 +msgid "# Fearless Concurrency" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and\n" +"channels." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency.md:6 +msgid "" +"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs\n" +"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since you\n" +"can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:1 +msgid "# Threads" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:3 +msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::time::Duration;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:9 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" thread::spawn(|| {\n" +" for i in 1..10 {\n" +" println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" +" }\n" +" });" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:17 +msgid "" +" for i in 1..5 {\n" +" println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:24 +msgid "" +"* Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them.\n" +"* Thread panics are independent of each other.\n" +" * Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:32 +msgid "" +"* Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread is\n" +" not waiting." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:35 +msgid "" +"* Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for\n" +" the thread to finish." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:38 +msgid "* Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:40 +msgid "" +"* Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the panic\n" +" payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`]." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:43 +msgid "[`Any`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1 +msgid "# Scoped Threads" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3 +msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::thread;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:8 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:22 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:11 +msgid "" +" thread::spawn(|| {\n" +" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" +" });\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:17 +msgid "However, you can use a [scoped thread][1] for this:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:19 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::thread;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:25 +msgid "" +" thread::scope(|scope| {\n" +" scope.spawn(|| {\n" +" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" +" });\n" +" });\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:33 +msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.scope.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:35 +msgid "" +"
\n" +" \n" +"* The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all the threads are " +"guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed data.\n" +"* Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one thread, or immutably by " +"any number of threads.\n" +" \n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:1 +msgid "# Channels" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender` and a `Receiver`. The two parts\n" +"are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +"use std::thread;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:10 src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:10 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:13 +msgid "" +" tx.send(10).unwrap();\n" +" tx.send(20).unwrap();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:16 +msgid "" +" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" +" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:19 +msgid "" +" let tx2 = tx.clone();\n" +" tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:27 +msgid "" +"* `mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` implement `Clone` " +"(so\n" +" you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does not.\n" +"* `send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the counterpart `Sender` " +"or\n" +" `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1 +msgid "# Unbounded Channels" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3 +msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:5 src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::time::Duration;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:13 src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:13 +msgid "" +" thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" +" for i in 1..10 {\n" +" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n" +" });\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:23 +msgid "" +" for msg in rx.iter() {\n" +" println!(\"Main: got {}\", msg);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1 +msgid "# Bounded Channels" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3 +msgid "Bounded and synchronous channels make `send` block the current thread:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:10 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:23 +msgid "" +" for msg in rx.iter() {\n" +" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1 +msgid "# Shared State" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is\n" +"primarily done via two types:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6 +msgid "" +"* [`Arc`][1], atomic reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and\n" +" takes care to deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped,\n" +"* [`Mutex`][2]: ensures mutually exclusive access to the `T` value." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:10 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n" +"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1 +msgid "# `Arc`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3 +msgid "[`Arc`][1] allows shared read-only access via its `clone` method:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::sync::Arc;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:9 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" +" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n" +" for _ in 1..5 {\n" +" let v = v.clone();\n" +" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n" +" }));\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:20 +msgid "" +" handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n" +" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:25 +msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29 +msgid "" +"* `Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` that uses atomic\n" +" operations.\n" +"* `Arc` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` and `Sync` iff `T`\n" +" implements them both.\n" +"* `Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but after that the use of " +"the\n" +" `T` is free.\n" +"* Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect them.\n" +" * `std::sync::Weak` can help." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1 +msgid "# `Mutex`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`Mutex`][1] ensures mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T`\n" +"behind a read-only interface:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::sync::Mutex;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:9 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" +" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:13 +msgid "" +" {\n" +" let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n" +" guard.push(40);\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:18 +msgid "" +" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:22 +msgid "" +"Notice how we have a [`impl Sync for Mutex`][2] blanket\n" +"implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:25 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html\n" +"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E\n" +"[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:29 +msgid "" +"
\n" +" \n" +"* `Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element - the protected data.\n" +" * It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the protected data.\n" +"* You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex` by taking the lock. The `MutexGuard` ensures that " +"the\n" +" `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held.\n" +"* `Mutex` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff `T` implements `Send`.\n" +"* A read-write lock counterpart - `RwLock`.\n" +"* Why does `lock()` return a `Result`? \n" +" * If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes \"poisoned\" to signal " +"that\n" +" the data it protected might be in an inconsistent state. Calling `lock()` on a poisoned " +"mutex\n" +" fails with a [`PoisonError`]. You can call `into_inner()` on the error to recover the data\n" +" regardless." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:43 +msgid "" +"[`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html \n" +" \n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3 +msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:9 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n" +" v.push(10);\n" +" });\n" +" v.push(1000);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:16 +msgid "" +" handle.join().unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23 +msgid "" +"Possible solution:\n" +" \n" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" +"use std::thread;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:29 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:32 +msgid "" +" let v2 = v.clone();\n" +" let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n" +" v2.push(10);\n" +" });" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:38 +msgid "" +" {\n" +" let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" +" v.push(1000);\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:43 +msgid " handle.join().unwrap();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:45 +msgid "" +" {\n" +" let v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```\n" +" \n" +"Notable parts:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:54 +msgid "" +"* `v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are orthogonal.\n" +" * Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state between threads.\n" +"* `v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another thread. Note `move` " +"was added to the lambda signature.\n" +"* Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as possible.\n" +"* We still need to acquire the `Mutex` to print our `Vec`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1 +msgid "# `Send` and `Sync`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3 +msgid "How does Rust know to forbid shared access across thread? The answer is in two traits:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:5 +msgid "" +"* [`Send`][1]: a type `T` is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread\n" +" boundary.\n" +"* [`Sync`][2]: a type `T` is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread\n" +" boundary." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:10 +msgid "" +"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits][3]. The compiler will automatically derive them for your " +"types\n" +"as long as they only contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when " +"you\n" +"know it is valid." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:14 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html\n" +"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html\n" +"[3]: ../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:20 +msgid "" +"* One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-safety properties.\n" +"* They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits.\n" +" \n" +"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1 +msgid "# `Send`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3 +msgid "> A type `T` is [`Send`][1] if it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5 +msgid "" +"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will run\n" +"in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one thread\n" +"and deallocate it in another." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:9 +msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1 +msgid "# `Sync`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3 +msgid "" +"> A type `T` is [`Sync`][1] if it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple\n" +"> threads at the same time." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6 +msgid "More precisely, the definition is:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8 +msgid "> `T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:10 +msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14 +msgid "" +"This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is thread-safe for shared " +"use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it across threads." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:16 +msgid "" +"This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across multiple threads without " +"the risk of data races or other synchronization issues, so it is safe to move it to another " +"thread. A reference to the type is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it " +"references can be accessed from any thread safely." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1 +msgid "# Examples" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3 +msgid "## `Send + Sync`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5 +msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7 +msgid "" +"* `i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ...\n" +"* `(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ...\n" +"* `String`, `Option`, `Vec`, `Box`, ...\n" +"* `Arc`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count.\n" +"* `Mutex`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking.\n" +"* `AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14 +msgid "" +"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are\n" +"`Send + Sync`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17 +msgid "## `Send + !Sync`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19 +msgid "" +"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe.\n" +"Typically because of interior mutability:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22 +msgid "" +"* `mpsc::Sender`\n" +"* `mpsc::Receiver`\n" +"* `Cell`\n" +"* `RefCell`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27 +msgid "## `!Send + Sync`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29 +msgid "These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31 +msgid "" +"* `MutexGuard`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on the\n" +" thread which created them." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34 +msgid "## `!Send + !Sync`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36 +msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38 +msgid "" +"* `Rc`: each `Rc` has a reference to an `RcBox`, which contains a\n" +" non-atomic reference count.\n" +"* `*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special\n" +" concurrency considerations." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:1 src/exercises/day-4/afternoon.md:1 +msgid "# Exercises" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:3 +msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:5 +msgid "* Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:7 +msgid "" +"* Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to\n" +" download dependencies and then check links in parallel." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:1 +msgid "# Dining Philosophers" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:3 +msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:5 +msgid "" +"> Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has their\n" +"> own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish served is\n" +"> a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each philosopher can\n" +"> only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can only eat their\n" +"> spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two forks will only\n" +"> be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, not eating. After\n" +"> an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put down both forks." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:13 +msgid "" +"You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) for\n" +"this exercise. Copy the code below to `src/main.rs` file, fill out the blanks,\n" +"and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:17 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::time::Duration;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:23 src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:28 +msgid "struct Fork;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:25 +msgid "" +"struct Philosopher {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" // left_fork: ...\n" +" // right_fork: ...\n" +" // thoughts: ...\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:32 +msgid "" +"impl Philosopher {\n" +" fn think(&self) {\n" +" self.thoughts\n" +" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:39 +msgid "" +" fn eat(&self) {\n" +" // Pick up forks...\n" +" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:46 src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:60 +msgid "" +"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" +" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:49 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" // Create forks" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:52 +msgid " // Create philosophers" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:54 +msgid " // Make them think and eat" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:56 +msgid "" +" // Output their thoughts\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:1 +msgid "# Multi-threaded Link Checker" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:3 +msgid "" +"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It should\n" +"start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It should\n" +"recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this until all\n" +"pages have been validated." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:8 +msgid "" +"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`][1]. Create a new\n" +"Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:11 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo new link-checker\n" +"$ cd link-checker\n" +"$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:17 +msgid "" +"> If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the\n" +"> `Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:20 +msgid "You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`][2] for that:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:22 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo add scraper\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:26 +msgid "" +"Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`][3] for\n" +"that:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:29 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo add thiserror\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:33 +msgid "The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:35 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[dependencies]\n" +"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-tls\"] }\n" +"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n" +"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:42 +msgid "" +"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as\n" +"`https://www.google.org/`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:45 +msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:47 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"use reqwest::blocking::{get, Response};\n" +"use reqwest::Url;\n" +"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n" +"use thiserror::Error;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:53 +msgid "" +"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n" +"enum Error {\n" +" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n" +" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:59 +msgid "" +"fn extract_links(response: Response) -> Result, Error> {\n" +" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n" +" let document = response.text()?;\n" +" let html = Html::parse_document(&document);\n" +" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:65 +msgid "" +" let mut valid_urls = Vec::new();\n" +" for element in html.select(&selector) {\n" +" if let Some(href) = element.value().attr(\"href\") {\n" +" match base_url.join(href) {\n" +" Ok(url) => valid_urls.push(url),\n" +" Err(err) => {\n" +" println!(\"On {base_url}: could not parse {href:?}: {err} (ignored)\",);\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:77 +msgid "" +" Ok(valid_urls)\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:80 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n" +" let response = get(start_url).unwrap();\n" +" match extract_links(response) {\n" +" Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n" +" Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:90 +msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:92 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:96 +msgid "## Tasks" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:98 +msgid "" +"* Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a\n" +" channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel.\n" +"* Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the\n" +" `www.google.org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you\n" +" don't end up being blocked by the site." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:104 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://docs.rs/reqwest/\n" +"[2]: https://docs.rs/scraper/\n" +"[3]: https://docs.rs/thiserror/" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android.md:1 +msgid "# Android" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust is supported for native platform development on Android. This means that\n" +"you can write new operating system services in Rust, as well as extending\n" +"existing services." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/setup.md:1 +msgid "# Setup" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/setup.md:3 +msgid "" +"We will be using an Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make sure you have\n" +"access to one or create a new one with:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/setup.md:6 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ source build/envsetup.sh\n" +"$ lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n" +"$ acloud create\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/setup.md:12 +msgid "" +"Please see the [Android Developer\n" +"Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/start) for details." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:1 +msgid "# Build Rules" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:3 +msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:5 +msgid "" +"| Module Type | " +"Description " +"|\n" +"|-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n" +"| `rust_binary` | Produces a Rust " +"binary. |\n" +"| `rust_library` | Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and `dylib` " +"variants. |\n" +"| `rust_ffi` | Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and provides both static " +"and shared variants. |\n" +"| `rust_proc_macro` | Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are analogous to compiler " +"plugins. |\n" +"| `rust_test` | Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard Rust test " +"harness. |\n" +"| `rust_fuzz` | Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging " +"`libfuzzer`. |\n" +"| `rust_protobuf` | Generates source and produces a Rust library that provides an interface for " +"a particular protobuf. |\n" +"| `rust_bindgen` | Generates source and produces a Rust library containing Rust bindings to C " +"libraries. |" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:16 +msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:1 +msgid "# Rust Binaries" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:3 +msgid "" +"Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, create\n" +"the following files:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:6 src/android/build-rules/library.md:13 +msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:8 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"hello_rust\",\n" +" crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:16 src/android/build-rules/library.md:34 +msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:18 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"//! Rust demo." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:21 +msgid "" +"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:27 +msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:29 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ m hello_rust\n" +"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\n" +"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n" +"Hello from Rust!\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:1 +msgid "# Rust Libraries" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:3 +msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:5 +msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:7 +msgid "" +"* `libgreeting`, which we define below,\n" +"* `libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in\n" +" [`external/rust/crates/`][crates]." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:11 +msgid "[crates]: https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/crates/" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:15 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" +" crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"libgreetings\",\n" +" \"libtextwrap\",\n" +" ],\n" +" prefer_rlib: true,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:27 +msgid "" +"rust_library {\n" +" name: \"libgreetings\",\n" +" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:36 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Rust demo." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:39 +msgid "" +"use greetings::greeting;\n" +"use textwrap::fill;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:42 +msgid "" +"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:48 +msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:50 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Greeting library." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:53 +msgid "" +"/// Greet `name`.\n" +"pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n" +" format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:59 +msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:61 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ m hello_rust_with_dep\n" +"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/tmp\n" +"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n" +"Hello Bob, it is very\n" +"nice to meet you!\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl.md:1 +msgid "# AIDL" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [Android Interface Definition Language\n" +"(AIDL)](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in Rust:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl.md:6 +msgid "" +"* Rust code can call existing AIDL servers,\n" +"* You can create new AIDL servers in Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:1 +msgid "# AIDL Interfaces" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:3 +msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:5 +msgid "*birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl*:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:7 src/android/aidl/changing.md:6 +msgid "" +"```java\n" +"package com.example.birthdayservice;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:10 +msgid "" +"/** Birthday service interface. */\n" +"interface IBirthdayService {\n" +" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n" +" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:17 +msgid "*birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp*:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:19 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"aidl_interface {\n" +" name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n" +" srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n" +" unstable: true,\n" +" backend: {\n" +" rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n" +" enabled: true,\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:32 +msgid "" +"Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the vendor\n" +"partition." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:1 +msgid "# Service Implementation" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:3 +msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:5 +msgid "*birthday_service/src/lib.rs*:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::" +"IBirthdayService;\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:12 +msgid "" +"/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n" +"pub struct BirthdayService;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:15 +msgid "impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:17 +msgid "" +"impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n" +" fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::Result {\n" +" Ok(format!(\n" +" \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!\"\n" +" ))\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:26 src/android/aidl/server.md:28 src/android/aidl/client.md:37 +msgid "*birthday_service/Android.bp*:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:28 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_library {\n" +" name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" +" crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" +" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" +" ],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md:1 +msgid "# AIDL Server" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md:3 +msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md:5 +msgid "*birthday_service/src/server.rs*:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Birthday service.\n" +"use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::" +"BnBirthdayService;\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md:13 src/android/aidl/client.md:12 +msgid "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md:15 +msgid "" +"/// Entry point for birthday service.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n" +" let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n" +" birthday_service,\n" +" binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n" +" );\n" +" binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder.as_binder())\n" +" .expect(\"Failed to register service\");\n" +" binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md:30 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"birthday_server\",\n" +" crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" +" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" +" \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" +" ],\n" +" prefer_rlib: true,\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:1 +msgid "# Deploy" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:3 +msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:5 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ m birthday_server\n" +"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/tmp\n" +"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:11 +msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:13 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ adb shell service check birthdayservice\n" +"Service birthdayservice: found\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:18 +msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:20 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ $ adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n" +"Result: Parcel(\n" +" 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n" +" 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n" +" 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n" +" 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n" +" 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n" +" 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n" +" 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n" +" 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:1 +msgid "# AIDL Client" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:3 +msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:5 +msgid "*birthday_service/src/client.rs*:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Birthday service.\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::" +"IBirthdayService;\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:14 +msgid "" +"/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n" +"pub fn connect() -> Result, binder::StatusCode> {\n" +" binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:19 +msgid "" +"/// Call the birthday service.\n" +"fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n" +" let name = std::env::args()\n" +" .nth(1)\n" +" .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n" +" let years = std::env::args()\n" +" .nth(2)\n" +" .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::().ok())\n" +" .unwrap_or(42);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:29 +msgid "" +" binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n" +" let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to BirthdayService\");\n" +" let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n" +" println!(\"{msg}\");\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:39 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"birthday_client\",\n" +" crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" +" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" +" ],\n" +" prefer_rlib: true,\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:52 +msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:54 +msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:56 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ m birthday_client\n" +"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/tmp\n" +"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n" +"Happy Birthday Charlie, congratulations with the 60 years!\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:1 +msgid "# Changing API" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:3 +msgid "" +"Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients specify a\n" +"list of lines for the birthday card:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:9 +msgid "" +"/** Birthday service interface. */\n" +"interface IBirthdayService {\n" +" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n" +" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/logging.md:1 +msgid "# Logging" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/logging.md:3 +msgid "" +"You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) or\n" +"`stdout` (on-host):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/logging.md:6 +msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/logging.md:8 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n" +" crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"liblog_rust\",\n" +" \"liblogger\",\n" +" ],\n" +" prefer_rlib: true,\n" +" host_supported: true,\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/logging.md:22 +msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/logging.md:24 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Rust logging demo." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/logging.md:27 +msgid "use log::{debug, error, info};" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/logging.md:29 +msgid "" +"/// Logs a greeting.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" logger::init(\n" +" logger::Config::default()\n" +" .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n" +" .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n" +" );\n" +" debug!(\"Starting program.\");\n" +" info!(\"Things are going fine.\");\n" +" error!(\"Something went wrong!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/logging.md:42 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:98 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:73 +msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/logging.md:44 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ m hello_rust_logs\n" +"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/tmp\n" +"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/logging.md:50 +msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/logging.md:52 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ adb logcat -s rust\n" +"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Starting program.\n" +"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: Things are going fine.\n" +"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Something went wrong!\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability.md:1 +msgid "# Interoperability" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This means\n" +"that you can:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability.md:6 +msgid "" +"* Call Rust functions from other languages.\n" +"* Call functions written in other languages from Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability.md:9 +msgid "" +"When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a\n" +"_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:1 +msgid "# Interoperability with C" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention.\n" +"Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:6 +msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"extern \"C\" {\n" +" fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:13 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = -42;\n" +" let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n" +" println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:20 +msgid "" +"We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper\n" +"exercise](../../exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:23 +msgid "" +"> This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for\n" +"> production." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:26 +msgid "We will look at better options next." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:1 +msgid "# Using Bindgen" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) tool\n" +"can auto-generate bindings from a C header file." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:6 +msgid "First create a small C library:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:8 +msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:10 +msgid "" +"```c\n" +"typedef struct card {\n" +" const char* name;\n" +" int years;\n" +"} card;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:16 +msgid "" +"void print_card(const card* card);\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:19 +msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:21 +msgid "" +"```c\n" +"#include \n" +"#include \"libbirthday.h\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:25 +msgid "" +"void print_card(const card* card) {\n" +" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" +" printf(\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\", card->name);\n" +" printf(\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\", card->years);\n" +" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:33 +msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:108 +msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:37 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"cc_library {\n" +" name: \"libbirthday\",\n" +" srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:44 +msgid "" +"Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this\n" +"example):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:47 +msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:49 +msgid "" +"```c\n" +"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:53 +msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:57 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_bindgen {\n" +" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n" +" crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n" +" wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n" +" source_stem: \"bindings\",\n" +" static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:67 +msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:71 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n" +" srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:79 +msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:81 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"//! Bindgen demo." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:84 +msgid "use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:86 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n" +" let card = card {\n" +" name: name.as_ptr(),\n" +" years: 42,\n" +" };\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" print_card(&card as *const card);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:100 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ m print_birthday_card\n" +"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/tmp\n" +"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:106 +msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:110 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_test {\n" +" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" +" srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" +" crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" +" test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n" +" auto_gen_config: true,\n" +" clippy_lints: \"none\", // Generated file, skip linting\n" +" lints: \"none\",\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:122 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:1 +msgid "# Calling Rust" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:3 +msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:5 +msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"//! Rust FFI demo.\n" +"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:11 +msgid "use std::os::raw::c_int;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:13 +msgid "" +"/// Analyze the numbers.\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n" +" if x < y {\n" +" println!(\"x ({x}) is smallest!\");\n" +" } else {\n" +" println!(\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:24 +msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:26 +msgid "" +"```c\n" +"#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n" +"#define ANALYSE_H" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:30 +msgid "" +"extern \"C\" {\n" +"void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:34 +msgid "" +"#endif\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:37 +msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:39 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_ffi {\n" +" name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n" +" crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n" +" srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n" +" include_dirs: [\".\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:48 +msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:50 +msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:52 +msgid "" +"```c\n" +"#include \"analyze.h\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:55 +msgid "" +"int main() {\n" +" analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n" +" analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:62 +msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:64 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"cc_binary {\n" +" name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n" +" srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n" +" static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:75 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ m analyze_numbers\n" +"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/tmp\n" +"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:83 +msgid "" +"`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol will just be the name " +"of\n" +"the function. You can also use `#[export_name = \"some_name\"]` to specify whatever name you want." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:1 +msgid "# With C++" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [CXX crate][1] makes it possible to do safe interoperability between Rust\n" +"and C++." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:6 +msgid "The overall approach looks like this:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:8 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:10 +msgid "See the [CXX tutorial][2] for an full example of using this." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:12 +msgid "" +"[1]: https://cxx.rs/\n" +"[2]: https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:1 +msgid "# Interoperability with Java" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:3 +msgid "" +"Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface\n" +"(JNI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni`\n" +"crate](https://docs.rs/jni/) allows you to create a compatible library." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:7 +msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:9 +msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:11 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:14 +msgid "" +"use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n" +"use jni::sys::jstring;\n" +"use jni::JNIEnv;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:18 +msgid "" +"/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n" +" env: JNIEnv,\n" +" _class: JClass,\n" +" name: JString,\n" +") -> jstring {\n" +" let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n" +" let greeting = format!(\"Hello, {input}!\");\n" +" let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n" +" output.into_inner()\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:32 src/android/interoperability/java.md:62 +msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:34 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_ffi_shared {\n" +" name: \"libhello_jni\",\n" +" crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:43 +msgid "Finally, we can call this function from Java:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:45 +msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:47 +msgid "" +"```java\n" +"class HelloWorld {\n" +" private static native String hello(String name);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:51 +msgid "" +" static {\n" +" System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:55 +msgid "" +" public static void main(String[] args) {\n" +" String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n" +" System.out.println(output);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:64 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"java_binary {\n" +" name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n" +" srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n" +" main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n" +" required: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:73 +msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:75 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ m helloworld_jni\n" +"$ adb sync # requires adb root && adb remount\n" +"$ adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/afternoon.md:3 +msgid "" +"For the last exercise, we will look at one of the projects you work with. Let us\n" +"group up and do this together. Some suggestions:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/afternoon.md:6 +msgid "* Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/afternoon.md:8 +msgid "* Move a function from your project to Rust and call it." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/afternoon.md:12 +msgid "" +"No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone in\n" +"the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly." +msgstr "" + +#: src/thanks.md:1 +msgid "# Thanks!" +msgstr "" + +#: src/thanks.md:3 +msgid "" +"_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and that it\n" +"was useful." +msgstr "" + +#: src/thanks.md:6 +msgid "" +"We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not perfect,\n" +"so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, please get in\n" +"[contact with us on\n" +"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). We would love\n" +"to hear from you." +msgstr "" + +#: src/other-resources.md:1 +msgid "# Other Rust Resources" +msgstr "" + +#: src/other-resources.md:3 +msgid "" +"The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources\n" +"online." +msgstr "" + +#: src/other-resources.md:6 +msgid "## Official Documentation" +msgstr "" + +#: src/other-resources.md:8 +msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/other-resources.md:10 +msgid "" +"* [The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the\n" +" canonical free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes a\n" +" few projects for people to build.\n" +"* [Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the Rust\n" +" syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. Sometimes\n" +" includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code in the\n" +" examples.\n" +"* [Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full documentation of\n" +" the standard library for Rust.\n" +"* [The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete book\n" +" which describes the Rust grammar and memory model." +msgstr "" + +#: src/other-resources.md:22 +msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/other-resources.md:24 +msgid "" +"* [The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe Rust,\n" +" including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages\n" +" (FFI).\n" +"* [Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/):\n" +" covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after the\n" +" Rust Book was written.\n" +"* [The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): an\n" +" introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating system." +msgstr "" + +#: src/other-resources.md:33 +msgid "## Unofficial Learning Material" +msgstr "" + +#: src/other-resources.md:35 +msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/other-resources.md:37 +msgid "" +"* [Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust\n" +" from the perspective of low-level C programmers.\n" +"* [Rust for Embedded C\n" +" Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/rust_for_c/): covers Rust from\n" +" the perspective of developers who write firmware in C.\n" +"* [Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/):\n" +" covers the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other languages\n" +" such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python.\n" +"* [Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to help\n" +" you learn Rust.\n" +"* [Ferrous Teaching\n" +" Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-material/index.html): a\n" +" series of small presentations covering both basic and advanced part of the\n" +" Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, and async/await are also\n" +" covered.\n" +"* [Beginner's Series to\n" +" Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-series-to-rust/) and\n" +" [Take your first steps with\n" +" Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): two\n" +" Rust guides aimed at new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and the\n" +" second is a set of 11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs.\n" +"* [Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked\n" +" Lists](https://rust-unofficial.github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth\n" +" exploration of Rust's memory management rules, through implementing a few\n" +" different types of list structures." +msgstr "" + +#: src/other-resources.md:63 +msgid "" +"Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) for\n" +"even more Rust books." +msgstr "" + +#: src/credits.md:1 +msgid "# Credits" +msgstr "" + +#: src/credits.md:3 +msgid "" +"The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust documentation.\n" +"See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a full list of useful\n" +"resources." +msgstr "" + +#: src/credits.md:7 +msgid "" +"The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache 2.0\n" +"license, please see [`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) for details." +msgstr "" + +#: src/credits.md:10 +msgid "## Rust by Example" +msgstr "" + +#: src/credits.md:12 +msgid "" +"Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by\n" +"Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the\n" +"`third_party/rust-by-example/` directory for details, including the license\n" +"terms." +msgstr "" + +#: src/credits.md:17 +msgid "## Rust on Exercism" +msgstr "" + +#: src/credits.md:19 +msgid "" +"Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on\n" +"Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the\n" +"`third_party/rust-on-exercism/` directory for details, including the license\n" +"terms." +msgstr "" + +#: src/credits.md:24 +msgid "## CXX" +msgstr "" + +#: src/credits.md:26 +msgid "" +"The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section uses an\n" +"image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` directory\n" +"for details, including the license terms." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/solutions.md:1 +msgid "# Solutions" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/solutions.md:3 +msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/solutions.md:5 +msgid "" +"Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on\n" +"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us know\n" +"if you have a different or better solution than what is presented here." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/solutions.md:10 +msgid "" +"> **Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label`\n" +"> comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to\n" +"> re-use parts of the solutions as the exercises." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:1 +msgid "# Day 1 Morning Exercises" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:3 +msgid "## Arrays and `for` Loops" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:5 +msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:7 src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:7 +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:7 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:7 +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:102 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:7 +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:7 src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:22 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: transpose\n" +"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n" +" let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n" +" for i in 0..3 {\n" +" for j in 0..3 {\n" +" result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" return result;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:34 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n" +"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n" +" for row in matrix {\n" +" println!(\"{row:?}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:42 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: tests\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_transpose() {\n" +" let matrix = [\n" +" [101, 102, 103], //\n" +" [201, 202, 203],\n" +" [301, 302, 303],\n" +" ];\n" +" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" +" assert_eq!(\n" +" transposed,\n" +" [\n" +" [101, 201, 301], //\n" +" [102, 202, 302],\n" +" [103, 203, 303],\n" +" ]\n" +" );\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: tests" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:62 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: main\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let matrix = [\n" +" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" +" [201, 202, 203],\n" +" [301, 302, 303],\n" +" ];" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:73 +msgid "" +" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" +" println!(\"transposed:\");\n" +" pretty_print(&transposed);\n" +"}\n" +"```\n" +"### Bonus question" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:80 +msgid "" +"It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a slice-of-slices " +"(`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus make our function handle any size of matrix. " +"However, this quickly breaks down: the return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the " +"data you return." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:82 +msgid "" +"You can attempt to use something like `Vec>`, but this doesn't work out-of-the-box " +"either: it's hard to convert from `Vec>` to `&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use " +"`pretty_print` either." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:84 +msgid "" +"Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::convert::AsRef`][1] trait to " +"abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:86 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"use std::convert::AsRef;\n" +"use std::fmt::Debug;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:90 +msgid "" +"fn pretty_print(matrix: Matrix)\n" +"where\n" +" T: Debug,\n" +" // A line references a slice of items\n" +" Line: AsRef<[T]>,\n" +" // A matrix references a slice of lines\n" +" Matrix: AsRef<[Line]>\n" +"{\n" +" for row in matrix.as_ref() {\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", row.as_ref());\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:103 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" // &[&[i32]]\n" +" pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n" +" // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n" +" pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n" +" // Vec>\n" +" pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:113 +msgid "" +"In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are of the same length, so " +"such variable could contain an invalid matrix." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:115 +msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:1 +msgid "# Day 1 Afternoon Exercises" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:3 +msgid "## Designing a Library" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:5 +msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:22 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: setup\n" +"struct Library {\n" +" books: Vec,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:42 +msgid "" +"// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n" +"impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n" +" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n" +" write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: setup" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:50 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: Library_new\n" +"impl Library {\n" +" fn new() -> Library {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n" +" Library { books: Vec::new() }\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:57 +msgid "" +" // ANCHOR: Library_len\n" +" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" +" // unimplemented!()\n" +" //}\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n" +" fn len(&self) -> usize {\n" +" self.books.len()\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:66 +msgid "" +" // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n" +" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" +" // unimplemented!()\n" +" //}\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n" +" fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n" +" self.books.is_empty()\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:75 +msgid "" +" // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n" +" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" +" // unimplemented!()\n" +" //}\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n" +" fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n" +" self.books.push(book)\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:84 +msgid "" +" // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n" +" //fn print_books(self) {\n" +" // unimplemented!()\n" +" //}\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n" +" fn print_books(&self) {\n" +" for book in &self.books {\n" +" println!(\"{}\", book);\n" +" }\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:95 +msgid "" +" // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n" +" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" +" // unimplemented!()\n" +" //}\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n" +" fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" +" self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:105 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: main\n" +"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n" +"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n" +"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n" +"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let library = Library::new();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:113 +msgid "" +" //println!(\"Our library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n" +" //\n" +" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" +" //\n" +" //library.print_books();\n" +" //\n" +" //match library.oldest_book() {\n" +" // Some(book) => println!(\"My oldest book is {book}\"),\n" +" // None => println!(\"My library is empty!\"),\n" +" //}\n" +" //\n" +" //println!(\"Our library has {} books\", library.len());\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: main" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:129 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_library_len() {\n" +" let mut library = Library::new();\n" +" assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n" +" assert!(library.is_empty());" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:135 +msgid "" +" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" +" assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n" +" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:141 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_library_is_empty() {\n" +" let mut library = Library::new();\n" +" assert!(library.is_empty());" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:146 +msgid "" +" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:150 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_library_print_books() {\n" +" let mut library = Library::new();\n" +" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" +" // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n" +" // method to start with.\n" +" library.print_books();\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:160 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n" +" let mut library = Library::new();\n" +" assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:165 +msgid "" +" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +" assert_eq!(\n" +" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n" +" Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n" +" );" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:171 +msgid "" +" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" +" assert_eq!(\n" +" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n" +" Some(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\")\n" +" );\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:1 +msgid "# Day 2 Morning Exercises" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:3 +msgid "## Points and Polygons" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:5 +msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:22 +msgid "" +"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n" +"// ANCHOR: Point\n" +"pub struct Point {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Point\n" +" x: i32,\n" +" y: i32,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:30 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n" +"impl Point {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n" +" pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n" +" Point { x, y }\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:37 +msgid "" +" pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n" +" f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:41 +msgid "" +" pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n" +" (self - other).magnitude()\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:49 +msgid "" +" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" +" Self {\n" +" x: self.x + other.x,\n" +" y: self.y + other.y,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:57 +msgid "" +"impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n" +" type Output = Self;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:60 +msgid "" +" fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" +" Self {\n" +" x: self.x - other.x,\n" +" y: self.y - other.y,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:68 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: Polygon\n" +"pub struct Polygon {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n" +" points: Vec,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:74 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n" +"impl Polygon {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n" +" pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n" +" Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:81 +msgid "" +" pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n" +" self.points.push(point);\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:85 +msgid "" +" pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option {\n" +" self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:89 +msgid "" +" pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator {\n" +" self.points.iter()\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:93 +msgid "" +" pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n" +" if self.points.is_empty() {\n" +" return 0.0;\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:98 +msgid "" +" let mut result = 0.0;\n" +" let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n" +" for point in &self.points[1..] {\n" +" result += last_point.dist(*point);\n" +" last_point = *point;\n" +" }\n" +" result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n" +" result\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:109 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: Circle\n" +"pub struct Circle {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n" +" center: Point,\n" +" radius: i32,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:116 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n" +"impl Circle {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n" +" pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n" +" Circle { center, radius }\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:123 +msgid "" +" pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n" +" 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:127 +msgid "" +" pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n" +" self.center.dist(other.center)\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:132 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: Shape\n" +"pub enum Shape {\n" +" Polygon(Polygon),\n" +" Circle(Circle),\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: Shape" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:139 +msgid "" +"impl From for Shape {\n" +" fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n" +" Shape::Polygon(poly)\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:145 +msgid "" +"impl From for Shape {\n" +" fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n" +" Shape::Circle(circle)\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:151 +msgid "" +"impl Shape {\n" +" pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n" +" match self {\n" +" Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n" +" Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:160 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +"#[cfg(test)]\n" +"mod tests {\n" +" use super::*;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:213 +msgid "" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n" +" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n" +" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n" +" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n" +" let shapes = vec![\n" +" Shape::from(poly),\n" +" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" +" ];\n" +" let perimeters = shapes\n" +" .iter()\n" +" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n" +" .map(round_two_digits)\n" +" .collect::>();\n" +" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:233 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:174 +msgid "" +"fn main() {}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:1 +msgid "# Day 2 Afternoon Exercises" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:3 +msgid "## Luhn Algorithm" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:5 +msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:22 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: luhn\n" +"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n" +" let mut digits_seen = 0;\n" +" let mut sum = 0;\n" +" for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ').enumerate() {\n" +" match ch.to_digit(10) {\n" +" Some(d) => {\n" +" sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n" +" let dd = d * 2;\n" +" dd / 10 + dd % 10\n" +" } else {\n" +" d\n" +" };\n" +" digits_seen += 1;\n" +" }\n" +" None => return false,\n" +" }\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:42 +msgid "" +" if digits_seen < 2 {\n" +" return false;\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:46 +msgid "" +" sum % 10 == 0\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:49 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n" +" println!(\n" +" \"Is {} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n" +" cc_number,\n" +" if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n" +" );\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:58 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:89 +msgid "" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:98 +msgid "## Strings and Iterators" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:100 +msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:117 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n" +"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n" +" let prefixes = prefix.split('/');\n" +" let request_paths = request_path\n" +" .split('/')\n" +" .map(|p| Some(p))\n" +" .chain(std::iter::once(None));" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:126 +msgid "" +" for (prefix, request_path) in prefixes.zip(request_paths) {\n" +" match request_path {\n" +" Some(request_path) => {\n" +" if (prefix != \"*\") && (prefix != request_path) {\n" +" return false;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" None => return false,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" true\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:139 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:166 +msgid "" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" +" ));\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:1 +msgid "# Day 3 Morning Exercise" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:3 +msgid "## A Simple GUI Library" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:5 +msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:22 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: setup\n" +"pub trait Widget {\n" +" /// Natural width of `self`.\n" +" fn width(&self) -> usize;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:82 +msgid "// ANCHOR_END: setup" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:84 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: Window-width\n" +"impl Widget for Window {\n" +" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n" +" std::cmp::max(\n" +" self.title.chars().count(),\n" +" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n" +" )\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:94 +msgid "" +" // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n" +" let mut inner = String::new();\n" +" for widget in &self.widgets {\n" +" widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:102 +msgid " let window_width = self.width();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:104 +msgid "" +" // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n" +" // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n" +" // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n" +" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:- usize {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n" +" self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:124 +msgid "" +" // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n" +" let width = self.width();\n" +" let mut label = String::new();\n" +" self.label.draw_into(&mut label);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:131 +msgid "" +" writeln!(buffer, \"+{:- usize {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n" +" self.label\n" +" .lines()\n" +" .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n" +" .max()\n" +" .unwrap_or(0)\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:150 +msgid "" +" // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n" +" writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:157 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: main\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" +" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo.\")));\n" +" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" +" \"Click me!\",\n" +" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n" +" )));\n" +" window.draw();\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:1 +msgid "# Day 3 Afternoon Exercises" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:3 +msgid "## Safe FFI Wrapper" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:5 +msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:22 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: ffi\n" +"mod ffi {\n" +" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:53 +msgid "" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct DirectoryIterator {\n" +" path: CString,\n" +" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: ffi" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:60 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n" +"impl DirectoryIterator {\n" +" fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" +" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n" +" let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid path: {err}\"))?;\n" +" // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n" +" let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n" +" if dir.is_null() {\n" +" Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n" +" } else {\n" +" Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:77 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: Iterator\n" +"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" +" type Item = OsString;\n" +" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" +" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n" +" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n" +" let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n" +" if dirent.is_null() {\n" +" // We have reached the end of the directory.\n" +" return None;\n" +" }\n" +" // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n" +" // terminated.\n" +" let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n" +" let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n" +" Some(os_str.to_owned())\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:97 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: Drop\n" +"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" +" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" +" // Call closedir as needed.\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n" +" if !self.dir.is_null() {\n" +" // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n" +" if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n" +" panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:111 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: main\n" +"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" +" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" +" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:1 +msgid "# Day 4 Morning Exercise" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:3 +msgid "## Dining Philosophers" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:5 +msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:22 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n" +"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::time::Duration;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:30 +msgid "" +"struct Philosopher {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n" +" left_fork: Arc>,\n" +" right_fork: Arc>,\n" +" thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender,\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:38 +msgid "" +"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n" +"impl Philosopher {\n" +" fn think(&self) {\n" +" self.thoughts\n" +" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:47 +msgid "" +" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n" +" fn eat(&self) {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n" +" println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n" +" let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n" +" let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:54 +msgid "" +" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n" +" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:63 +msgid "" +"fn main() {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:67 +msgid "" +" let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n" +" .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n" +" .collect::>();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:71 +msgid "" +" for i in 0..forks.len() {\n" +" let tx = tx.clone();\n" +" let mut left_fork = forks[i].clone();\n" +" let mut right_fork = forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()].clone();" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:76 +msgid "" +" // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n" +" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n" +" // either of them.\n" +" if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n" +" std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:83 +msgid "" +" let philosopher = Philosopher {\n" +" name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n" +" thoughts: tx,\n" +" left_fork,\n" +" right_fork,\n" +" };" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:90 +msgid "" +" thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" for _ in 0..100 {\n" +" philosopher.eat();\n" +" philosopher.think();\n" +" }\n" +" });\n" +" }" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:98 +msgid "" +" drop(tx);\n" +" for thought in rx {\n" +" println!(\"{thought}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr ""