From 6deafe050feec6114326f141e00847f40b4aea85 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Geisler Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2024 14:28:06 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] pl: refresh translation for January 2024 (#1748) This is a clean refresh, requires only a syntaxtical review. You can skim this PR with the [GitHub CLI](https://cli.github.com/): ``` gh pr diff 1748 | bat -l patch ``` --- po/pl.po | 36130 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------- 1 file changed, 18961 insertions(+), 17169 deletions(-) diff --git a/po/pl.po b/po/pl.po index eb81a0f1..1b8cc6e0 100644 --- a/po/pl.po +++ b/po/pl.po @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-08-26\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-01-24T13:24:49+01:00\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2023-08-25 14:19-0700\n" "Last-Translator: Kuba Jaroszewski \n" "Language-Team: Polish \n" @@ -13,1058 +13,1255 @@ msgstr "" "|| n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n" "X-Generator: Poedit 3.3.2\n" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:4 src/index.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/index.md msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀" msgstr "Witamy w Comprehensive Rust 🦀" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:5 src/running-the-course.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course.md msgid "Running the Course" msgstr "Prowadzenie kursu" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:6 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Course Structure" msgstr "Struktura kursu" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:7 src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts" msgstr "Skróty klawiszowe" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:8 src/running-the-course/translations.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "Translations" msgstr "Tłumaczenia" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:9 src/cargo.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/cargo.md msgid "Using Cargo" msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:10 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Rust Ecosystem" msgstr "Ekosystem Rust" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:11 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Code Samples" msgstr "Próbki kodu" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:12 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Running Cargo Locally" msgstr "Lokalne uruchamianie Cargo" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:15 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Day 1: Morning" msgstr "Dzień 1: Rano" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:19 src/SUMMARY.md:79 src/SUMMARY.md:137 src/SUMMARY.md:195 -#: src/SUMMARY.md:221 src/SUMMARY.md:271 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Welcome" msgstr "Witamy" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:20 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world.md src/hello-world/hello-world.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Hello, World" +msgstr "Witaj świecie!" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "What is Rust?" msgstr "Co to jest Rust?" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:21 src/hello-world.md:1 -msgid "Hello World!" -msgstr "Witaj świecie!" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:22 src/hello-world/small-example.md:1 -msgid "Small Example" -msgstr "Mały przykład" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:23 src/why-rust.md:1 -msgid "Why Rust?" -msgstr "Dlaczego Rust?" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:24 src/why-rust/compile-time.md:1 -msgid "Compile Time Guarantees" -msgstr "Gwarancje w czasie kompilacji" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:25 src/why-rust/runtime.md:1 -msgid "Runtime Guarantees" -msgstr "Gwarancje podczas działania" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:26 src/why-rust/modern.md:1 -msgid "Modern Features" -msgstr "Nowoczesne funkcjonalności" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:27 src/basic-syntax.md:1 -msgid "Basic Syntax" -msgstr "Podstawowa składnia" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:28 src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:1 -msgid "Scalar Types" -msgstr "Typy skalarne" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:29 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:1 -msgid "Compound Types" -msgstr "Typy złożone" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:30 src/basic-syntax/references.md:1 -msgid "References" -msgstr "Referencje" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:31 src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:1 -msgid "Dangling References" -msgstr "Wiszące referencje" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:32 src/basic-syntax/slices.md:1 -msgid "Slices" -msgstr "Wycinki" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:33 -msgid "String vs str" -msgstr "String a str" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:34 src/basic-syntax/functions.md:1 -msgid "Functions" -msgstr "Funkcje" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:35 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:1 -msgid "Rustdoc" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "Benefits of Rust" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:36 src/SUMMARY.md:107 src/basic-syntax/methods.md:1 -#: src/methods.md:1 -msgid "Methods" -msgstr "Metody" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world/playground.md +msgid "Playground" +msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:37 -msgid "Overloading" -msgstr "Przeciążenie" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values.md +msgid "Types and Values" +msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:38 src/SUMMARY.md:71 src/SUMMARY.md:100 src/SUMMARY.md:110 -#: src/SUMMARY.md:129 src/SUMMARY.md:157 src/SUMMARY.md:187 src/SUMMARY.md:214 -#: src/SUMMARY.md:235 src/SUMMARY.md:263 src/SUMMARY.md:285 src/SUMMARY.md:306 -#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:1 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:1 -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:1 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:1 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:1 -msgid "Exercises" -msgstr "Ćwiczenia" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:39 src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:1 -msgid "Implicit Conversions" -msgstr "Niejawne konwersje" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:40 -msgid "Arrays and for Loops" -msgstr "Tablice i pętle for" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:42 -msgid "Day 1: Afternoon" -msgstr "Dzień 1: Popołudnie" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:44 src/SUMMARY.md:298 src/control-flow.md:1 -msgid "Control Flow" -msgstr "Kontrola przepływu" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:45 src/control-flow/blocks.md:1 -msgid "Blocks" -msgstr "Bloki" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:46 -msgid "if expressions" -msgstr "Wyrażenia if" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:47 -msgid "for expressions" -msgstr "Wyrażenia for" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:48 -msgid "while expressions" -msgstr "Wyrażenia while" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:49 -msgid "break & continue" -msgstr "break i continue" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:50 -msgid "loop expressions" -msgstr "Wyrażenia loop" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:52 src/basic-syntax/variables.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/variables.md msgid "Variables" msgstr "Zmienne" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:53 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/values.md +msgid "Values" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md +msgid "Arithmetic" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/strings.md +msgid "Strings" +msgstr "Łańcuchy znaków" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/inference.md msgid "Type Inference" msgstr "Wnioskowanie typów" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:54 -msgid "static & const" -msgstr "static i const" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/exercise.md +msgid "Exercise: Fibonacci" +msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:55 src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:1 -msgid "Scopes and Shadowing" -msgstr "Zakresy i przesłanianie" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:56 src/enums.md:1 -msgid "Enums" -msgstr "Wyliczenia" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:57 src/enums/variant-payloads.md:1 -msgid "Variant Payloads" -msgstr "Dane w wariantach" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:58 src/enums/sizes.md:1 -msgid "Enum Sizes" -msgstr "Rozmiary wyliczeń" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:60 src/control-flow/novel.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/solution.md +#: src/control-flow-basics/solution.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md +#: src/references/solution.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md +#: src/pattern-matching/solution.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md +#: src/generics/solution.md src/std-types/solution.md +#: src/std-traits/solution.md src/memory-management/solution.md +#: src/smart-pointers/solution.md src/borrowing/solution.md +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md src/iterators/solution.md +#: src/modules/solution.md src/testing/solution.md +#: src/error-handling/solution.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Novel Control Flow" +msgid "Solution" +msgstr "Rozwiązania" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Control Flow Basics" msgstr "Kontrola przepływu" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:61 -msgid "if let expressions" -msgstr "Wyrażenia if let" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +msgid "Conditionals" +msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:62 -msgid "while let expressions" -msgstr "Wyrażenia while let" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/loops.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Loops" +msgstr "Pętle `for`" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:63 -msgid "match expressions" -msgstr "Wyrażenia match" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`break` and `continue`" +msgstr "`przerwij` i `kontynuuj`" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:65 src/pattern-matching.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md +msgid "Blocks and Scopes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/functions.md +msgid "Functions" +msgstr "Funkcje" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/macros.md +msgid "Macros" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "Exercise: Collatz Sequence" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Day 1: Afternoon" +msgstr "Dzień 1: Popołudnie" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "Tuples and Arrays" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Array Iteration" +msgstr "Iterator" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md src/pattern-matching.md msgid "Pattern Matching" msgstr "Dopasowywanie wzorców" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:66 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:1 -msgid "Destructuring Enums" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Destructuring" msgstr "Destrukturyzacja wyliczeń" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:67 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:1 -msgid "Destructuring Structs" -msgstr "Destrukturyzacja struktur" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md +msgid "Exercise: Nested Arrays" +msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:68 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:1 -msgid "Destructuring Arrays" -msgstr "Destrukturyzacja tablic" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/references.md +msgid "References" +msgstr "Referencje" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:69 src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:1 -msgid "Match Guards" -msgstr "Strażnicy w dopasowywaniu wzorców" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:72 src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:1 -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:3 -msgid "Luhn Algorithm" -msgstr "Algorytm Luhna" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:73 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/references/shared.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Pattern Matching (TBD)" -msgstr "Dopasowywanie wzorców" +msgid "Shared References" +msgstr "Referencje" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:75 -msgid "Day 2: Morning" -msgstr "Dzień 2: Rano" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:81 src/memory-management.md:1 -msgid "Memory Management" -msgstr "Zarządzanie pamięcią" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:82 -msgid "Stack vs Heap" -msgstr "Stos a sterta" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:83 -msgid "Stack Memory" -msgstr "Pamięć stosu" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:84 src/memory-management/manual.md:1 -msgid "Manual Memory Management" -msgstr "Ręczne zarządzanie pamięcią" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:85 src/memory-management/scope-based.md:1 -msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management" -msgstr "Zarządzanie pamięcią w oparciu o zakres" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:86 -msgid "Garbage Collection" -msgstr "Odśmiecanie pamięci" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:87 -msgid "Rust Memory Management" -msgstr "Zarządzanie pamięcią w Ruście" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:88 src/memory-management/comparison.md:1 -msgid "Comparison" -msgstr "Porównanie" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:89 src/ownership.md:1 -msgid "Ownership" -msgstr "Własność" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:90 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:1 -msgid "Move Semantics" -msgstr "Semantyka przenoszenia" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:91 src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:1 -msgid "Moved Strings in Rust" -msgstr "Przenoszenie String w Ruście" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:92 -msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++" -msgstr "Podwójne zwalnianie pamięci w nowoczesnym C++" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:93 src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:1 -msgid "Moves in Function Calls" -msgstr "Przenoszenie w wywołaniach funkcji" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:94 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:1 -msgid "Copying and Cloning" -msgstr "Kopiowanie i klonowanie" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:95 src/ownership/borrowing.md:1 -msgid "Borrowing" -msgstr "Pożyczanie" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:96 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:1 -msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows" -msgstr "Wspólne i unikalne pożyczenia" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:97 src/ownership/lifetimes.md:1 -msgid "Lifetimes" -msgstr "Czas życia" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:98 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/references/exclusive.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls" -msgstr "Czas życia w wywołaniach funkcji" +msgid "Exclusive References" +msgstr "Wiszące referencje" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:99 src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/references/exercise.md +msgid "Exercise: Geometry" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types.md +msgid "User-Defined Types" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures" -msgstr "Czasy życia w strukturach danych" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:101 src/exercises/day-2/book-library.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Storing Books" -msgstr "Łańcuchy znaków" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:102 src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:1 -msgid "Iterators and Ownership" -msgstr "Iteratory a własność" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:104 src/structs.md:1 -msgid "Structs" +msgid "Named Structs" msgstr "Struktury" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:105 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md msgid "Tuple Structs" msgstr "Struktury krotkowe" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:106 src/structs/field-shorthand.md:1 -msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax" -msgstr "Skrócona składnia pola" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/enums.md +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +msgid "Enums" +msgstr "Wyliczenia" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:108 src/methods/receiver.md:1 -msgid "Method Receiver" -msgstr "Składnia metody" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Static and Const" +msgstr "static i const" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:109 src/SUMMARY.md:169 src/SUMMARY.md:284 -#: src/methods/example.md:1 src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:1 -msgid "Example" -msgstr "Przykład" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:111 src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:1 -msgid "Health Statistics" -msgstr "Statystyki zdrowia" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:113 -msgid "Day 2: Afternoon" -msgstr "Dzień 2: Popołudnie" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:115 src/std.md:1 -msgid "Standard Library" -msgstr "Biblioteka standardowa" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:116 -msgid "Option and Result" -msgstr "Option i Result" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:117 src/std/string.md:1 -msgid "String" -msgstr "String" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:118 -msgid "Vec" -msgstr "Vec" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:119 -msgid "HashMap" -msgstr "HashMap" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:120 -msgid "Box" -msgstr "Box" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:121 -msgid "Recursive Data Types" -msgstr "Rekurencyjne typy danych" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:122 src/std/box-niche.md:1 -msgid "Niche Optimization" -msgstr "Niszowa optymalizacja" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:123 -msgid "Rc" -msgstr "Rc" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:124 -msgid "Cell/RefCell" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/aliases.md +msgid "Type Aliases" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:125 src/modules.md:1 -msgid "Modules" -msgstr "Moduły" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/exercise.md +msgid "Exercise: Elevator Events" +msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:126 src/modules/visibility.md:1 -msgid "Visibility" -msgstr "Widoczność" +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Day 2: Morning" +msgstr "Dzień 2: Rano" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:127 src/modules/paths.md:1 -msgid "Paths" -msgstr "Ścieżki" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Let Control Flow" +msgstr "Kontrola przepływu" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:128 src/modules/filesystem.md:1 -msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy" -msgstr "Hierarchia systemu plików" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/pattern-matching/exercise.md +msgid "Exercise: Expression Evaluation" +msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:130 src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:1 -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:3 -msgid "Strings and Iterators" -msgstr "Łańcuchy i iteratory" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Methods and Traits" +msgstr "Read i Write" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:133 -msgid "Day 3: Morning" -msgstr "Dzień 3: Rano" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +msgid "Methods" +msgstr "Metody" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:138 src/generics.md:1 -msgid "Generics" -msgstr "Generyki" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:139 src/generics/data-types.md:1 -msgid "Generic Data Types" -msgstr "Generyczne typy danych" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:140 src/generics/methods.md:1 -msgid "Generic Methods" -msgstr "Metody generyczne" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:141 src/generics/monomorphization.md:1 -msgid "Monomorphization" -msgstr "Monomorfizacja" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:142 src/traits.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/traits.md msgid "Traits" msgstr "Cechy" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:143 src/traits/trait-objects.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Deriving" +msgstr "Wyprowadzanie cech" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md #, fuzzy msgid "Trait Objects" msgstr "Obiekty cech" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:144 src/traits/deriving-traits.md:1 -msgid "Deriving Traits" -msgstr "Wyprowadzanie cech" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md +msgid "Exercise: Generic Logger" +msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:145 src/traits/default-methods.md:1 -msgid "Default Methods" -msgstr "Metody domyślne" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics.md +msgid "Generics" +msgstr "Generyki" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:146 src/traits/trait-bounds.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/generic-functions.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Generic Functions" +msgstr "Funkcje zewnętrzne" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/generic-data.md +msgid "Generic Data Types" +msgstr "Generyczne typy danych" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/trait-bounds.md #, fuzzy msgid "Trait Bounds" msgstr "Granice cech" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:147 -msgid "impl Trait" -msgstr "Składnia impl Cecha" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:148 src/traits/important-traits.md:1 -msgid "Important Traits" -msgstr "Ważne cechy" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:149 -msgid "Iterator" -msgstr "Iterator" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:150 src/traits/from-iterator.md:1 -msgid "FromIterator" -msgstr "FromIterator" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:151 -msgid "From and Into" -msgstr "From i Into" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:152 -msgid "Read and Write" -msgstr "Read i Write" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:153 -msgid "Drop" -msgstr "Drop" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:154 -msgid "Default" -msgstr "Default" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:155 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/impl-trait.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..." -msgstr "Add, Mul, ..." +msgid "`impl Trait`" +msgstr "`impl Cecha`" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:156 -msgid "Closures: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/exercise.md +msgid "Exercise: Generic `min`" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:158 src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:1 -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:3 -msgid "A Simple GUI Library" -msgstr "Prosta biblioteka GUI" +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Day 2: Afternoon" +msgstr "Dzień 2: Popołudnie" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:159 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:175 -msgid "Points and Polygons" -msgstr "Punkty i wielokąty" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Standard Library Types" +msgstr "Biblioteka standardowa" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:161 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/std.md +msgid "Standard Library" +msgstr "Biblioteka standardowa" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/docs.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Documentation" +msgstr "Testy dokumentacyjne" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Option`" +msgstr "`Option` i `Result`" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Result`" +msgstr "`Option` i `Result`" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`String`" +msgstr "String" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/vec.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Vec`" +msgstr "`Vec`" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/hashmap.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`HashMap`" +msgstr "`HashMap`" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/exercise.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Exercise: Counter" +msgstr "Ćwiczenia" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Standard Library Traits" +msgstr "Biblioteka standardowa" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/comparisons.md src/async.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Comparisons" +msgstr "Porównanie" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/operators.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Operators" +msgstr "Iteratory" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/from-and-into.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`From` and `Into`" +msgstr "`Od` i `do`" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/casting.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Casting" +msgstr "Testowanie" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/read-and-write.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Read` and `Write`" +msgstr "`Odczyt` i `Zapis`" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "`Default`, struct update syntax" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/closures.md +msgid "Closures" +msgstr "Domknięcia" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/exercise.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Exercise: ROT13" +msgstr "Ćwiczenia" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Day 3: Morning" +msgstr "Dzień 3: Rano" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management.md +msgid "Memory Management" +msgstr "Zarządzanie pamięcią" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/review.md +msgid "Review of Program Memory" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/approaches.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Approaches to Memory Management" +msgstr "Automatyczne zarządzanie pamięcią" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/ownership.md +msgid "Ownership" +msgstr "Własność" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "Move Semantics" +msgstr "Semantyka przenoszenia" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "`Clone`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/copy-types.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Copy Types" +msgstr "Typy złożone" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Drop`" +msgstr "Drop" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/exercise.md +msgid "Exercise: Builder Type" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers.md +msgid "Smart Pointers" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers/box.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Box`" +msgstr "`Pudełko`" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers/rc.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Rc`" +msgstr "`Rc`" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers/exercise.md +msgid "Exercise: Binary Tree" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Day 3: Afternoon" msgstr "Dzień 3: Popołudnie" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:163 src/error-handling.md:1 -msgid "Error Handling" -msgstr "Obsługa błędów" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing.md +msgid "Borrowing" +msgstr "Pożyczanie" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:164 src/error-handling/panics.md:1 -msgid "Panics" -msgstr "Panikowanie" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:165 -msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding" -msgstr "Łapanie rozwinięcia stosu" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:166 -msgid "Structured Error Handling" -msgstr "Strukturalna obsługa błędów" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:167 -msgid "Propagating Errors with ?" -msgstr "Propagowanie błędów za pomocą ?" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:168 src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:1 -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:1 -msgid "Converting Error Types" -msgstr "Konwersja typów błędów" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:170 src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing/shared.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Deriving Error Enums" -msgstr "Wyprowadzanie wyliczeń błędów" +msgid "Borrowing a Value" +msgstr "Pożyczanie" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:171 src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:1 -msgid "Dynamic Error Types" -msgstr "Dynamiczne typy błędów" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing/borrowck.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Borrow Checking" +msgstr "Pożyczanie" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:172 src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:1 -msgid "Adding Context to Errors" -msgstr "Dodawanie kontekstu do błędów" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Interior Mutability" +msgstr "Interoperacyjność" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:173 src/testing.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing/exercise.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Exercise: Health Statistics" +msgstr "Statystyki zdrowia" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/slices-and-lifetimes.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Slices and Lifetimes" +msgstr "Czas życia" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Slices: `&[T]`" +msgstr "Wycinki" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "String References" +msgstr "Wiszące referencje" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Lifetime Annotations" +msgstr "Czas życia w wywołaniach funkcji" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Lifetime Elision" +msgstr "Czas życia" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Struct Lifetimes" +msgstr "Czas życia" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md +msgid "Exercise: Protobuf Parsing" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Day 4: Morning" +msgstr "Dzień 4: Rano" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Iterators" +msgstr "Iteratory" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators/iterator.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md +msgid "`Iterator`" +msgstr "`Iterator`" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators/intoiterator.md +msgid "`IntoIterator`" +msgstr "`IntoIterator`" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`FromIterator`" +msgstr "FromIterator" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators/exercise.md +msgid "Exercise: Iterator Method Chaining" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules.md src/modules/modules.md +msgid "Modules" +msgstr "Moduły" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules/filesystem.md +msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy" +msgstr "Hierarchia systemu plików" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules/visibility.md +msgid "Visibility" +msgstr "Widoczność" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "`use`, `super`, `self`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules/exercise.md +msgid "Exercise: Modules for a GUI Library" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing.md src/chromium/testing.md msgid "Testing" msgstr "Testowanie" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:174 src/testing/unit-tests.md:1 -msgid "Unit Tests" -msgstr "Testy jednostkowe" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:175 src/testing/test-modules.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Test Modules" msgstr "Moduły testowe" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:176 src/testing/doc-tests.md:1 -msgid "Documentation Tests" -msgstr "Testy dokumentacyjne" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/other.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Other Types of Tests" +msgstr "Inne zasoby" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:177 src/testing/integration-tests.md:1 -msgid "Integration Tests" -msgstr "Testy integracyjne" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:178 src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:1 -msgid "Useful crates" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/useful-crates.md +msgid "Useful Crates" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:179 src/unsafe.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "GoogleTest" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/mocking.md +msgid "Mocking" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/lints.md +msgid "Compiler Lints and Clippy" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/exercise.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Exercise: Luhn Algorithm" +msgstr "Algorytm Luhna" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Day 4: Afternoon" +msgstr "Dzień 4: Popołudnie" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling.md +msgid "Error Handling" +msgstr "Obsługa błędów" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/panics.md +msgid "Panics" +msgstr "Panikowanie" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/try.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Try Operator" +msgstr "Iterator" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/try-conversions.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Try Conversions" +msgstr "Niejawne konwersje" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Error` Trait" +msgstr "Cecha „Upuść”." + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`thiserror` and `anyhow`" +msgstr "`Od` i `do`" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Exercise: Rewriting with `Result`" +msgstr "Strukturalna obsługa błędów za pomocą `Result`" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust.md src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "Unsafe Rust" msgstr "Niebezpieczny Rust" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:180 src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Unsafe" +msgstr "Niebezpieczny Rust" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md #, fuzzy msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers" msgstr "Dereferencja surowych wskaźników" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:181 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md msgid "Mutable Static Variables" msgstr "Mutowalne zmienne statyczne" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:182 src/unsafe/unions.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust/unions.md msgid "Unions" msgstr "Unie" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:183 src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:1 -msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Unsafe Functions" msgstr "Wywoływanie niebezpiecznych funkcji" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:184 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:1 -msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions" -msgstr "Pisanie niebezpiecznych funkcji" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:185 -msgid "Extern Functions" -msgstr "Funkcje zewnętrzne" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:186 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits" +msgid "Unsafe Traits" msgstr "Wdrażanie niebezpiecznych cech" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:188 src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:1 -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:3 -msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper" +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Exercise: FFI Wrapper" msgstr "Bezpieczne opakowanie FFI" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:191 src/SUMMARY.md:261 src/bare-metal/android.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/android.md msgid "Android" msgstr "Android" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:196 src/android/setup.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/setup.md src/chromium/setup.md msgid "Setup" msgstr "Przygotowanie" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:197 src/android/build-rules.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/build-rules.md msgid "Build Rules" msgstr "Reguły budowania" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:198 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Binary" msgstr "Pliki binarne" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:199 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Library" msgstr "Biblioteka" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:200 src/android/aidl.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl.md msgid "AIDL" msgstr "AIDL" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:201 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Interface" msgstr "Interfejs" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:202 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Implementation" msgstr "Implementacja" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:203 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Server" msgstr "Serwer" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:204 src/android/aidl/deploy.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/deploy.md msgid "Deploy" msgstr "Wdrażanie" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:205 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Client" msgstr "Klient" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:206 src/android/aidl/changing.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/changing.md msgid "Changing API" msgstr "Zmiana API" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:207 src/SUMMARY.md:251 src/android/logging.md:1 -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/logging.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md msgid "Logging" msgstr "Logowanie" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:208 src/android/interoperability.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability.md msgid "Interoperability" msgstr "Interoperacyjność" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:209 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "With C" msgstr "Z językiem C" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:210 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Calling C with Bindgen" msgstr "Wywołanie C z Bindgenem" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:211 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Calling Rust from C" msgstr "Wywołanie Rusta z C" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:212 src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp.md msgid "With C++" msgstr "Z językiem C++" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:213 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "The Bridge Module" +msgstr "Moduły testowe" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Rust Bridge" +msgstr "Binaria Rusta" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md +msgid "Generated C++" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "C++ Bridge" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Shared Types" +msgstr "Typy skalarne" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md +msgid "Shared Enums" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Rust Error Handling" +msgstr "Obsługa błędów" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "C++ Error Handling" +msgstr "Obsługa błędów" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +msgid "Additional Types" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Building for Android: C++" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Building for Android: Genrules" +msgstr "Budowanie komponentów Androida w Ruście." + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Building for Android: Rust" +msgstr "Budowanie komponentów Androida w Ruście." + +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "With Java" msgstr "Z Javą" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:217 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/android/morning.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md +msgid "Exercises" +msgstr "Ćwiczenia" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Chromium" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "Comparing Chromium and Cargo Ecosystems" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Policy" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Unsafe Code" +msgstr "Niebezpieczny Rust" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md +msgid "Depending on Rust Code from Chromium C++" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md +msgid "Visual Studio Code" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Exercise" +msgstr "Ćwiczenia" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md +msgid "`rust_gtest_interop` Library" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md +msgid "GN Rules for Rust Tests" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md +msgid "`chromium::import!` Macro" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Interoperability with C++" +msgstr "Interoperacyjność z C" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Example Bindings" +msgstr "Przykłady" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md +msgid "Limitations of CXX" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "CXX Error Handling" +msgstr "Obsługa błędów" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Error Handling: QR Example" +msgstr "Obsługa błędów" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Error Handling: PNG Example" +msgstr "Obsługa błędów" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Using CXX in Chromium" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "Adding Third Party Crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Configuring Cargo.toml" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md +msgid "Configuring `gnrt_config.toml`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md +msgid "Downloading Crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md +msgid "Generating `gn` Build Rules" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "Resolving Problems" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md +msgid "Build Scripts Which Generate Code" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md +msgid "Build Scripts Which Build C++ or Take Arbitrary Actions" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md +msgid "Depending on a Crate" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Reviews and Audits" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Checking into Chromium Source Code" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/keeping-up-to-date.md +msgid "Keeping Crates Up to Date" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Bringing It Together - Exercise" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/chromium/solutions.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Exercise Solutions" +msgstr "Rozwiązania" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md #, fuzzy msgid "Bare Metal: Morning" msgstr "Dzień 1: Rano" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:222 -msgid "no_std" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md +msgid "`no_std`" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:223 +#: src/SUMMARY.md #, fuzzy msgid "A Minimal Example" msgstr "Mały przykład" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:224 -msgid "alloc" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md src/bare-metal/alloc.md +msgid "`alloc`" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:225 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md msgid "Microcontrollers" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:226 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md msgid "Raw MMIO" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:227 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "PACs" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:228 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "HAL Crates" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:229 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Board Support Crates" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:230 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "The Type State Pattern" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:231 -msgid "embedded-hal" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md +msgid "`embedded-hal`" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:232 -msgid "probe-rs, cargo-embed" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md +msgid "`probe-rs` and `cargo-embed`" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:233 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md #, fuzzy msgid "Debugging" msgstr "Logowanie" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:234 src/SUMMARY.md:254 +#: src/SUMMARY.md #, fuzzy msgid "Other Projects" msgstr "Inne zasoby" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:236 src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:1 -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:3 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md #, fuzzy msgid "Compass" msgstr "Porównanie" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:238 +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Solutions" +msgstr "Rozwiązania" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md #, fuzzy msgid "Bare Metal: Afternoon" msgstr "Dzień 1: Popołudnie" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:240 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Application Processors" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:241 src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "Getting Ready to Rust" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:242 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Inline Assembly" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:243 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "MMIO" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:244 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:245 +#: src/SUMMARY.md #, fuzzy msgid "More Traits" msgstr "Cechy" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:246 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "A Better UART Driver" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:247 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "Bitflags" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:248 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Multiple Registers" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:249 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "Driver" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:250 src/SUMMARY.md:252 +#: src/SUMMARY.md #, fuzzy msgid "Using It" msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:253 src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md #, fuzzy msgid "Exceptions" msgstr "Funkcje" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:255 -msgid "Useful Crates" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md +msgid "`zerocopy`" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:256 -msgid "zerocopy" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md +msgid "`aarch64-paging`" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:257 -msgid "aarch64-paging" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md +msgid "`buddy_system_allocator`" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:258 -msgid "buddy_system_allocator" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md +msgid "`tinyvec`" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:259 -msgid "tinyvec" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md +msgid "`spin`" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:260 -msgid "spin" +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "`vmbase`" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:262 src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:1 -msgid "vmbase" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:264 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "RTC Driver" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:267 +#: src/SUMMARY.md #, fuzzy msgid "Concurrency: Morning" msgstr "Współbieżność" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:272 src/concurrency/threads.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/threads.md msgid "Threads" msgstr "Wątki" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:273 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md msgid "Scoped Threads" msgstr "Wątki z zakresem" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:274 src/concurrency/channels.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/channels.md msgid "Channels" msgstr "Kanały" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:275 src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md msgid "Unbounded Channels" msgstr "Nieograniczone kanały" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:276 src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md msgid "Bounded Channels" msgstr "Ograniczone kanały" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:277 -msgid "Send and Sync" -msgstr "Send i Sync" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Send` and `Sync`" +msgstr "`Wyślij` i `Synchronizacja`" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:277 -msgid "Send" -msgstr "Send" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Send`" +msgstr "`Wyślij`" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:277 -msgid "Sync" -msgstr "Sync" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Sync`" +msgstr "`Synchronizacja`" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:280 src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "Examples" msgstr "Przykłady" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:281 src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/shared_state.md msgid "Shared State" msgstr "Współdzielony stan" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:282 -msgid "Arc" -msgstr "Arc" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Arc`" +msgstr "`Łuk`" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:283 -msgid "Mutex" -msgstr "Mutex" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Mutex`" +msgstr "`Mutex`" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:286 src/SUMMARY.md:307 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:1 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:3 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/review.md +#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md +msgid "Example" +msgstr "Przykład" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "Dining Philosophers" msgstr "Ucztujący filozofowie" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:287 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker" msgstr "Wielowątkowe narzędzie do sprawdzania linków" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:289 +#: src/SUMMARY.md #, fuzzy msgid "Concurrency: Afternoon" msgstr "Współbieżność" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:291 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Async Basics" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:292 -msgid "async/await" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/async-await.md +msgid "`async`/`await`" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:293 src/async/futures.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/futures.md msgid "Futures" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:294 src/async/runtimes.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/runtimes.md #, fuzzy msgid "Runtimes" msgstr "Gwarancje podczas działania" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:295 src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "Tokio" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:296 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:126 -#: src/async/tasks.md:1 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:140 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md src/async/tasks.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md #, fuzzy msgid "Tasks" msgstr "Zadania" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:297 src/async/channels.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/channels.md #, fuzzy msgid "Async Channels" msgstr "Kanały" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:299 src/async/control-flow/join.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md +msgid "Control Flow" +msgstr "Kontrola przepływu" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "Join" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:300 src/async/control-flow/select.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "Select" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:301 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Pitfalls" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:302 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Blocking the Executor" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:303 src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Pin" -msgstr " Punkt" +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/pitfalls/pin.md +msgid "`Pin`" +msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:304 src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md #, fuzzy msgid "Async Traits" msgstr "Cechy" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:305 src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md #, fuzzy msgid "Cancellation" msgstr "Instalacja" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:308 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:1 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:119 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "Broadcast Chat Application" msgstr "" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:311 +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Final Words" msgstr "Ostatnie słowa" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:315 src/thanks.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/thanks.md msgid "Thanks!" msgstr "Dzięki!" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:316 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/glossary.md +msgid "Glossary" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Other Resources" msgstr "Inne zasoby" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:317 src/credits.md:1 +#: src/SUMMARY.md src/credits.md msgid "Credits" msgstr "Uznania" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:320 src/exercises/solutions.md:1 -msgid "Solutions" -msgstr "Rozwiązania" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:325 -msgid "Day 1 Morning" -msgstr "Dzień 1 Rano" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:326 -msgid "Day 1 Afternoon" -msgstr "Dzień 1 Popołudnie" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:327 -msgid "Day 2 Morning" -msgstr "Dzień 2 Rano" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:328 -msgid "Day 2 Afternoon" -msgstr "Dzień 2 Popołudnie" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:329 -msgid "Day 3 Morning" -msgstr "Dzień 3 Rano" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:330 -msgid "Day 3 Afternoon" -msgstr "Dzień 3 Popołudnie" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:331 -msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:332 src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon" -msgstr "Dzień 1 Popołudnie" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:333 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Concurrency Morning" -msgstr "Współbieżność" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:334 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Concurrency Afternoon" -msgstr "Współbieżność" - -#: src/index.md:3 +#: src/index.md msgid "" "[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/" "google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/" @@ -1076,7 +1273,7 @@ msgid "" "com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" msgstr "" -#: src/index.md:7 +#: src/index.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "This is a free Rust course developed by the Android team at Google. The " @@ -1088,7 +1285,14 @@ msgstr "" "tematy, takie jak programowanie uogólnione i obsługę błędów. Ostatni dzień " "obejmuje również treści specyficzne dla Androida." -#: src/index.md:11 +#: src/index.md +msgid "" +"The latest version of the course can be found at . If you are reading somewhere else, please check there " +"for updates." +msgstr "" + +#: src/index.md msgid "" "The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know " "anything about Rust and hope to:" @@ -1096,43 +1300,50 @@ msgstr "" "Celem kursu jest nauczenie Cię języka Rust. Zakładamy, że nic nie wiesz o " "Ruście i mamy nadzieję, że:" -#: src/index.md:14 +#: src/index.md msgid "Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language." msgstr "Damy Ci kompleksowe zrozumienie składni i języka Rust." -#: src/index.md:15 +#: src/index.md msgid "Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust." msgstr "" "Umożliwimy modyfikowanie istniejących programów i pisanie nowych programów w " "Ruście." -#: src/index.md:16 +#: src/index.md msgid "Show you common Rust idioms." msgstr "Pokażemy powszechne idiomy Rusta." -#: src/index.md:18 -msgid "We call the first three course days Rust Fundamentals." +#: src/index.md +msgid "We call the first four course days Rust Fundamentals." msgstr "" -#: src/index.md:20 +#: src/index.md msgid "" "Building on this, you're invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:" msgstr "" -#: src/index.md:22 +#: src/index.md msgid "" "[Android](android.md): a half-day course on using Rust for Android platform " "development (AOSP). This includes interoperability with C, C++, and Java." msgstr "" -#: src/index.md:24 +#: src/index.md +msgid "" +"[Chromium](chromium.md): a half-day course on using Rust within Chromium " +"based browsers. This includes interoperability with C++ and how to include " +"third-party crates in Chromium." +msgstr "" + +#: src/index.md msgid "" "[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): a whole-day class on using Rust for bare-metal " "(embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application processors are " "covered." msgstr "" -#: src/index.md:27 +#: src/index.md msgid "" "[Concurrency](concurrency.md): a whole-day class on concurrency in Rust. We " "cover both classical concurrency (preemptively scheduling using threads and " @@ -1140,11 +1351,11 @@ msgid "" "futures)." msgstr "" -#: src/index.md:33 +#: src/index.md msgid "Non-Goals" msgstr "Poza zakresem" -#: src/index.md:35 +#: src/index.md msgid "" "Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few " "days. Some non-goals of this course are:" @@ -1152,7 +1363,7 @@ msgstr "" "Rust to duży język i nie będziemy w stanie omówić go w całości w ciągu kilku " "dni. Niektóre cele będące poza zakresem tego kursu to:" -#: src/index.md:38 +#: src/index.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Learning how to develop macros: please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust Book]" @@ -1163,11 +1374,11 @@ msgstr "" "Rust](http://rust.w8.pl/book/ch19-06-macros.html) i [Rust by Example]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html)." -#: src/index.md:42 +#: src/index.md msgid "Assumptions" msgstr "Założenia" -#: src/index.md:44 +#: src/index.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a " @@ -1178,7 +1389,7 @@ msgstr "" "język i aby było lepiej wyjaśnić lub przeciwstawić podejście Rusta czasami " "będziemy dokonywać porównań z C i C++." -#: src/index.md:48 +#: src/index.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "If you know how to program in a dynamically-typed language such as Python or " @@ -1187,7 +1398,7 @@ msgstr "" "Jeśli wiesz, jak programować w języku o dynamicznym typowaniu, takim jak " "Python lub JavaScript, to też dasz sobie radę." -#: src/index.md:53 +#: src/index.md msgid "" "This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional " "information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor " @@ -1198,11 +1409,11 @@ msgstr "" "prowadzący powinien omówić, a także odpowiedzi na typowe pytania, które " "pojawiają się na zajęciach." -#: src/running-the-course.md:3 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:3 +#: src/running-the-course.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "This page is for the course instructor." msgstr "Ta strona jest dla prowadzącego kurs." -#: src/running-the-course.md:5 +#: src/running-the-course.md msgid "" "Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the " "course internally at Google." @@ -1210,12 +1421,20 @@ msgstr "" "Oto trochę podstawowych informacji o tym, jak prowadziliśmy ten kurs " "wewnętrznie w Google." -#: src/running-the-course.md:8 +#: src/running-the-course.md +msgid "" +"We typically run classes from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm, with a 1 hour lunch break " +"in the middle. This leaves 3 hours for the morning class and 3 hours for the " +"afternoon class. Both sessions contain multiple breaks and time for students " +"to work on exercises." +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course.md #, fuzzy msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:" msgstr "Aby prowadzić kurs należy:" -#: src/running-the-course.md:10 +#: src/running-the-course.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker " @@ -1230,20 +1449,20 @@ msgstr "" "otwarte w wyskakującym okienku (kliknij łącze z małą strzałką obok „Notatki " "Prowadzącego\"). W ten sposób masz czysty ekran do zaprezentowania klasie." -#: src/running-the-course.md:16 +#: src/running-the-course.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Decide on the dates. Since the course takes at least three full days, we " -"recommend that you schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants " -"have said that they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it " -"helps them process all the information we give them." +"Decide on the dates. Since the course takes four days, we recommend that you " +"schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants have said that they " +"find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them process all " +"the information we give them." msgstr "" "Zdecyduj o datach. Ponieważ kurs jest duży, zalecamy zaplanowanie czterech " "dni w przeciągu dwóch tygodni. Uczestnicy kursu uważają, że luka w kursie " "jest pomocna, ponieważ pomaga im przetworzyć wszystkie informacje, które im " "przekazujemy." -#: src/running-the-course.md:21 +#: src/running-the-course.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a " @@ -1259,7 +1478,7 @@ msgstr "" "pytań --- jest również na tyle mało, że jeden prowadzący będzie miał czas na " "odpowiedzenie na pytania." -#: src/running-the-course.md:29 +#: src/running-the-course.md msgid "" "On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things " "up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your " @@ -1275,7 +1494,7 @@ msgstr "" "podczas zmiany stron. Korzystanie z laptopa pozwoli Ci również poprawiać " "literówki jak ty lub uczestnicy kursu je dostrzegą." -#: src/running-the-course.md:35 +#: src/running-the-course.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. We " @@ -1292,7 +1511,7 @@ msgstr "" "klasie i zaoferuj rozwiązanie, np. pokazując gdzie znaleźć odpowiednie " "informacje w bibliotece standardowej." -#: src/running-the-course.md:43 +#: src/running-the-course.md msgid "" "That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun " "for you as it has been for us!" @@ -1300,7 +1519,7 @@ msgstr "" "To wszystko, powodzenia w prowadzeniu kursu! Mamy nadzieję, że będzie to dla " "Ciebie równie zabawne jak dla nas!" -#: src/running-the-course.md:46 +#: src/running-the-course.md msgid "" "Please [provide feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/" "discussions/86) afterwards so that we can keep improving the course. We " @@ -1314,52 +1533,178 @@ msgstr "" "Uczestników również zachęcamy do [przesłania nam swoich opinii](https://" "github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:5 -msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:" -msgstr "Kurs jest prowadzony w szybkim tempie i obejmuje dużo materiału:" - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:7 -msgid "Day 1: Basic Rust, syntax, control flow, creating and consuming values." -msgstr "" - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:8 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md #, fuzzy +msgid "Rust Fundamentals" +msgstr "Binaria Rusta" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" -"Day 2: Memory management, ownership, compound data types, and the standard " -"library." +"The first four days make up [Rust Fundamentals](../welcome-day-1.md). The " +"days are fast paced and we cover a lot of ground!" msgstr "" -"Dzień 2: Typy danych złożonych, dopasowywanie wzorców, biblioteka " -"standardowa." -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:9 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Day 3: Generics, traits, error handling, testing, and unsafe Rust." -msgstr "" -"Dzień 3: Cechy i uogólnienia, obsługa błędów, testowanie, niebezpieczny Rust." +msgid "Course schedule:" +msgstr "Struktura kursu" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:11 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "Day 1 Morning (3 hours, including breaks)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-1.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Hello, World](../hello-world.md) (20 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Types and Values](../types-and-values.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Control Flow Basics](../control-flow-basics.md) (1 hour)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "Day 1 Afternoon (2 hours and 55 minutes, including breaks)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Tuples and Arrays](../tuples-and-arrays.md) (1 hour)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[References](../references.md) (50 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[User-Defined Types](../user-defined-types.md) (50 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "Day 2 Morning (3 hours and 5 minutes, including breaks)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-2.md) (3 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "[Pattern Matching](../pattern-matching.md) (50 minutes)" +msgstr "" +"Zobacz [dopasowywanie wzorców](../pattern-matching.md), aby uzyskać więcej " +"informacji na temat wzorców w Rdza." + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Methods and Traits](../methods-and-traits.md) (55 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Generics](../generics.md) (45 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Day 2 Afternoon (3 hours, including breaks)" +msgstr "Dzień 2 Ćwiczenia popołudniowe" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Standard Library Types](../std-types.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Standard Library Traits](../std-traits.md) (1 hour and 40 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "Day 3 Morning (2 hours and 15 minutes, including breaks)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-3.md) (3 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Memory Management](../memory-management.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Smart Pointers](../smart-pointers.md) (45 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "Day 3 Afternoon (2 hours and 20 minutes, including breaks)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Borrowing](../borrowing.md) (1 hour)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "" +"[Slices and Lifetimes](../slices-and-lifetimes.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "Day 4 Morning (3 hours and 5 minutes, including breaks)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-4.md) (3 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Iterators](../iterators.md) (45 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Modules](../modules.md) (40 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Testing](../testing.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "Day 4 Afternoon (2 hours, including breaks)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Error Handling](../error-handling.md) (45 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "[Unsafe Rust](../unsafe-rust.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Deep Dives" msgstr "" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:13 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" -"In addition to the 3-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more " +"In addition to the 4-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more " "specialized topics:" msgstr "" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:16 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md #, fuzzy msgid "Rust in Android" msgstr "Binaria Rusta" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:18 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "The [Rust in Android](../android.md) deep dive is a half-day course on using " "Rust for Android platform development. This includes interoperability with " "C, C++, and Java." msgstr "" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:22 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "You will need an [AOSP checkout](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/" @@ -1375,7 +1720,7 @@ msgstr "" "` do katalogu głównego AOSP. Zapewni to, że system kompilacji Androida " "zobaczy pliki `Android.bp` w `src/android/`." -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:27 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build " "all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to " @@ -1386,18 +1731,38 @@ msgstr "" "build_all.sh`. Przeczytaj skrypt, żeby zobaczyć polecenia, które uruchamia, " "i upewnij się, że działają, gdy uruchamiasz je ręcznie." -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:34 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Rust in Chromium" +msgstr "Binaria Rusta" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "" +"The [Rust in Chromium](../chromium.md) deep dive is a half-day course on " +"using Rust as part of the Chromium browser. It includes using Rust in " +"Chromium's `gn` build system, bringing in third-party libraries (\"crates\") " +"and C++ interoperability." +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md +msgid "" +"You will need to be able to build Chromium --- a debug, component build is " +"[recommended](../chromium/setup.md) for speed but any build will work. " +"Ensure that you can run the Chromium browser that you've built." +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Bare-Metal Rust" msgstr "" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:36 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "The [Bare-Metal Rust](../bare-metal.md) deep dive is a full day class on " "using Rust for bare-metal (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and " "application processors are covered." msgstr "" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:40 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "For the microcontroller part, you will need to buy the [BBC micro:bit]" "(https://microbit.org/) v2 development board ahead of time. Everybody will " @@ -1405,39 +1770,29 @@ msgid "" "bare-metal.md)." msgstr "" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:45 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md #, fuzzy msgid "Concurrency in Rust" msgstr "Współbieżność" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:47 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "The [Concurrency in Rust](../concurrency.md) deep dive is a full day class " "on classical as well as `async`/`await` concurrency." msgstr "" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:50 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "You will need a fresh crate set up and the dependencies downloaded and ready " "to go. You can then copy/paste the examples into `src/main.rs` to experiment " "with them:" msgstr "" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:54 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo init concurrency\n" -"cd concurrency\n" -"cargo add tokio --features full\n" -"cargo run\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:61 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Format" msgstr "Format" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:63 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the " "questions drive the exploration of Rust!" @@ -1445,43 +1800,43 @@ msgstr "" "Kurs ma być bardzo interaktywny i zalecamy pozwalanie żeby pytania napędzały " "eksplorację Rusta!" -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:3 +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:" msgstr "Istnieje kilka przydatnych skrótów klawiaturowych w mdBook:" -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5 +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid "Arrow-Left" msgstr "Strzałka w lewo" -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5 +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid ": Navigate to the previous page." msgstr ": Przejdź do poprzedniej strony." -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6 +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid "Arrow-Right" msgstr "Strzałka w prawo" -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6 +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid ": Navigate to the next page." msgstr ": Przejdź do następnej strony." -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7 src/cargo/code-samples.md:19 +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "Ctrl + Enter" msgstr "Ctrl + Enter" -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7 +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid ": Execute the code sample that has focus." msgstr ": Wykonaj przykładowy kod, który ma fokus." -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8 +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid "s" msgstr "s" -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8 +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid ": Activate the search bar." msgstr ": Aktywuj pasek wyszukiwania." -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:3 +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful " "volunteers:" @@ -1489,47 +1844,81 @@ msgstr "" "Kurs został przetłumaczony na inne języki przez zespół cudownych " "wolontariuszy:" -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:6 +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Brazilian Portuguese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) " "by [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://github." -"com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes) and " +"com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes), and " "[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)." msgstr "" "[brazylijski portugalski](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-" "BR/) autorstwa [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer) i [@hugojacob]" "(https://github.com/hugojacob)." -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:7 +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md +msgid "" +"[Chinese (Simplified)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-CN/) " +"by [@suetfei](https://github.com/suetfei), [@wnghl](https://github.com/" +"wnghl), [@anlunx](https://github.com/anlunx), [@kongy](https://github.com/" +"kongy), [@noahdragon](https://github.com/noahdragon), [@superwhd](https://" +"github.com/superwhd), [@SketchK](https://github.com/SketchK), and [@nodmp]" +"(https://github.com/nodmp)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[Chinese (Traditional)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-TW/) " +"by [@hueich](https://github.com/hueich), [@victorhsieh](https://github.com/" +"victorhsieh), [@mingyc](https://github.com/mingyc), [@kuanhungchen](https://" +"github.com/kuanhungchen), and [@johnathan79717](https://github.com/" +"johnathan79717)." +msgstr "" +"[brazylijski portugalski](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-" +"BR/) autorstwa [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer) i [@hugojacob]" +"(https://github.com/hugojacob)." + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md +#, fuzzy msgid "" "[Korean](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) by [@keispace]" -"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) and " +"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp), and " "[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)." msgstr "" "[koreański](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) autorstwa " "[@keispace](https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/" "jiyongp) i [@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)." -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:9 +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[Spanish](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/es/) by [@deavid]" +"(https://github.com/deavid)." +msgstr "" +"[brazylijski portugalski](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-" +"BR/) autorstwa [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer) i [@hugojacob]" +"(https://github.com/hugojacob)." + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages." msgstr "" "Użyj selektora języka w prawym górnym rogu, aby przełączać się między " "językami." -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:11 +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md #, fuzzy msgid "Incomplete Translations" msgstr "Tłumaczenia" -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:13 +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "There is a large number of in-progress translations. We link to the most " "recently updated translations:" msgstr "" -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:16 +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Bengali](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) by [@raselmandol]" @@ -1539,7 +1928,7 @@ msgstr "" "BR/) autorstwa [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer) i [@hugojacob]" "(https://github.com/hugojacob)." -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:17 +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[French](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) by [@KookaS]" @@ -1549,7 +1938,7 @@ msgstr "" "BR/) autorstwa [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer) i [@hugojacob]" "(https://github.com/hugojacob)." -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:18 +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[German](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) by [@Throvn]" @@ -1559,7 +1948,7 @@ msgstr "" "BR/) autorstwa [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer) i [@hugojacob]" "(https://github.com/hugojacob)." -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:19 +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Japanese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) by [@CoinEZ-JPN]" @@ -1570,7 +1959,7 @@ msgstr "" "BR/) autorstwa [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer) i [@hugojacob]" "(https://github.com/hugojacob)." -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:21 +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions](https://" "github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) for how to " @@ -1583,7 +1972,7 @@ msgstr "" "śledzenia problemów](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/" "issues/282)." -#: src/cargo.md:3 +#: src/cargo.md msgid "" "When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool used in the Rust ecosystem to build " @@ -1596,26 +1985,37 @@ msgstr "" "do tworzenia i uruchamiania aplikacji Rusta. Tutaj chcemy krótko opisać, " "czym jest Cargo i jak pasuje do szerszego ekosystemu i do tego szkolenia." -#: src/cargo.md:8 +#: src/cargo.md msgid "Installation" msgstr "Instalacja" -#: src/cargo.md:10 +#: src/cargo.md msgid "**Please follow the instructions on .**" msgstr "" -#: src/cargo.md:12 +#: src/cargo.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "This will give you the Cargo build tool (`cargo`) and the Rust compiler " "(`rustc`). You will also get `rustup`, a command line utility that you can " -"use to install/switch toolchains, setup cross compilation, etc." +"use to install to different compiler versions." msgstr "" "Wraz z cargo i rustc, Rustup zainstaluje się jako narzędzie wiersza poleceń, " "którego można użyć do instalacji/przełączenia łańcuchów narzędzi, " "konfiguracji skrośnej kompilacji itp." -#: src/cargo.md:16 +#: src/cargo.md +msgid "" +"After installing Rust, you should configure your editor or IDE to work with " +"Rust. Most editors do this by talking to [rust-analyzer](https://rust-" +"analyzer.github.io/), which provides auto-completion and jump-to-definition " +"functionality for [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/), [Emacs](https://" +"rust-analyzer.github.io/manual.html#emacs), [Vim/Neovim](https://rust-" +"analyzer.github.io/manual.html#vimneovim), and many others. There is also a " +"different IDE available called [RustRover](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/cargo.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "On Debian/Ubuntu, you can also install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust " @@ -1626,53 +2026,16 @@ msgstr "" "Na Debianie/Ubuntu możesz zainstalować Cargo, źródło Rusta i [narzędzie do " "formatowania Rusta](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) za pomocą" -#: src/cargo.md:18 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" -"```" - -#: src/cargo.md:22 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"We suggest using [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) to edit the code " -"(but any LSP compatible editor works with rust-analyzer[3](https://rust-" -"analyzer.github.io/))." -msgstr "" -"Umożliwi to narzędziu [rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) " -"przechodzenie do definicji. Sugerujemy użycie [VS Code](https://code." -"visualstudio.com/), aby edytować kod (ale działa każdy edytor kompatybilny z " -"LSP)." - -#: src/cargo.md:24 -msgid "" -"Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/" -"clion/) family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own " -"tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin](https://www." -"jetbrains.com/rust/). Please take note that as of January 2023 debugging " -"only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite." -msgstr "" -"Niektórzy ludzie lubią również korzystać z rodziny IDE [JetBrains](https://" -"www.jetbrains.com/clion/), które wykonują własne analizy, ale mają własne " -"kompromisy. Jeśli wolisz je, możesz zainstalować [wtyczkę Rusta](https://www." -"jetbrains.com/rust/). Należy pamiętać, że od stycznia 2023 r. debugowanie " -"działa tylko w wersji CLion pakietu JetBrains IDEA." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "The Rust Ecosystem" msgstr "Ekosystem Rusta" -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:" msgstr "Ekosystem Rusta składa się z wielu narzędzi, z których główne to:" -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "`rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other " "intermediate formats." @@ -1680,7 +2043,7 @@ msgstr "" "`rustc`: kompilator Rusta, który zmienia pliki `.rs` na pliki binarne i inne " "formaty pośrednie." -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:8 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to " @@ -1693,10 +2056,11 @@ msgstr "" "podczas budowania projektu. Cargo ma również wbudowane narzędzie do " "uruchamiania testów, które jest używane do wykonywania testów jednostkowych." -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:13 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md +#, fuzzy msgid "" "`rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to " -"install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust is " +"install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust are " "released. In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the " "standard library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once " "and `rustup` will let you switch between them as needed." @@ -1708,18 +2072,15 @@ msgstr "" "wersji Rusta i `rustup` pozwoli ci przełączać się między nimi w razie " "potrzeby." -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25 -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 src/why-rust/runtime.md:10 -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:21 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:30 -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:23 -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:35 -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:48 -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:50 -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:30 src/async/async-await.md:25 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md src/hello-world/hello-world.md +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md src/references/exclusive.md +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md src/memory-management/move.md +#: src/error-handling/try.md src/android/setup.md src/concurrency/threads.md +#: src/async/async-await.md msgid "Key points:" msgstr "Kluczowe punkty:" -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:23 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out every six " "weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with old releases --- " @@ -1729,14 +2090,14 @@ msgstr "" "zachowują kompatybilność wsteczną z starymi wersjami --- plus umożliwiają " "nowe funkcjonalności." -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:27 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"." msgstr "" "Istnieją trzy kanały wydania: \"stable\" (\"stabilny\"), \"beta\" i " "\"nightly\" (\"nocny\")." -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:29 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes " "\"stable\" every six weeks." @@ -1744,13 +2105,13 @@ msgstr "" "Nowe funkcje są testowane na \"nightly\", \"beta\" jest tym, co staje się " "\"stable\" co sześć tygodni." -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:32 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "Dependencies can also be resolved from alternative [registries](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html), git, folders, and more." msgstr "" -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:34 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "Rust also has [editions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): the " "current edition is Rust 2021. Previous editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018." @@ -1758,13 +2119,13 @@ msgstr "" "Rust ma również [edycje](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): obecna " "edycja to Rust 2021. Poprzednie edycje to Rust 2015 i Rust 2018." -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:37 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to the " "language." msgstr "Edycje mogą wprowadzać do języka zmiany niekompatybilne wstecznie." -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:40 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the edition for " "your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file." @@ -1772,7 +2133,7 @@ msgstr "" "Aby zapobiec niekompatybilności kodu, edycje są opcjonalne: wybierasz edycję " "swojej skrzyni za pomocą pliku `Cargo.toml`." -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:43 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code written for " "different editions." @@ -1780,7 +2141,7 @@ msgstr "" "Aby uniknąć podziału ekosystemu, kompilatory Rusta mogą mieszać kod napisany " "dla różnych edycji." -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:46 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through " "`cargo` (most users never do)." @@ -1788,29 +2149,30 @@ msgstr "" "Wspomnij, że dość rzadko używa się kompilatora bezpośrednio, a nie przez " "`cargo` (większość użytkowników nigdy tego nie robi)." -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:48 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md +#, fuzzy msgid "" "It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and " -"comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but " -"not limited to: " +"comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but " +"not limited to:" msgstr "" "Warto wspomnieć, że samo Cargo jest niezwykle potężnym i wszechstronnym " "narzędziem. Jest zdolne do wielu zaawansowanych funkcji, w tym między innymi:" -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:49 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "Project/package structure" msgstr "Struktura projektu/pakietu" -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:50 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "[workspaces](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)" msgstr "" "[obszary robocze](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)" -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:51 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching" msgstr "Zarządzanie/buforowanie zależności" -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:52 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "[build scripting](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts." "html)" @@ -1818,7 +2180,7 @@ msgstr "" "[tworzenie skryptów](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts." "html)" -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:53 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "[global installation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install." "html)" @@ -1826,7 +2188,7 @@ msgstr "" "[instalacja globalna](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install." "html)" -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:54 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo " "clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))." @@ -1834,18 +2196,18 @@ msgstr "" "Jest również rozszerzalne za pomocą wtyczek poleceń podrzędnych (takich jak " "[cargo clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))." -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:55 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "Read more from the [official Cargo Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)" msgstr "" "Przeczytaj więcej w [oficjalnej księdze Cargo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "cargo/)" -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1 +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "Code Samples in This Training" msgstr "Próbki kodu" -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3 +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "" "For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through examples " "which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier " @@ -1855,7 +2217,7 @@ msgstr "" "które można wykonać za pośrednictwem przeglądarki. To znacznie ułatwia " "konfigurację i zapewnia spójne wrażenia dla wszystkich." -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7 +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "" "Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do " "the exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you " @@ -1865,33 +2227,23 @@ msgstr "" "Ostatniego dnia wykonamy większe ćwiczenie, które pokaże ci, jak pracować z " "zależnościami i do tego potrzebujesz Cargo." -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11 +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:" msgstr "Bloki kodu w tym kursie są w pełni interaktywne:" -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:13 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md src/cargo/running-locally.md +msgid "\"Edit me!\"" msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Zmień mnie!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19 +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "You can use " msgstr "Możesz użyć " -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19 +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid " to execute the code when focus is in the text box." msgstr ", aby wykonać kod, gdy fokus znajduje się w polu tekstowym." -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24 +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "" "Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples are not " "editable for various reasons:" @@ -1899,7 +2251,7 @@ msgstr "" "Większość przykładów kodu można edytować, jak pokazano powyżej. Kilku próbek " "kodu nie można edytować z różnych powodów:" -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27 +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "" "The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the code and " "open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests." @@ -1908,7 +2260,7 @@ msgstr "" "kod i otwórz go na prawdziwym Playground, aby zademonstrować testy " "jednostkowe." -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:30 +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "" "The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate away from " "the page! This is the reason that the students should solve the exercises " @@ -1919,11 +2271,11 @@ msgstr "" "korzystając z lokalnej instalacji Rusta lub za pośrednictwem prawdziwego " "Playground." -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1 +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "Running Code Locally with Cargo" msgstr "Uruchamianie kodu lokalnie z Cargo" -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3 +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will " "need to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the " @@ -1937,30 +2289,13 @@ msgstr "" "installation.html). To powinno dać działające `rustc` i `cargo`. Aktualnie " "najnowsza stabilna wersja Rusta ma następujące numery wersji:" -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:8 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"% rustc --version\n" -"rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n" -"% cargo --version\n" -"cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"% rustc --version\n" -"rustc 1.61.0 (fe5b13d68 2022-05-18)\n" -"% cargo --version\n" -"cargo 1.61.0 (a028ae4 2022-04-29)\n" -"```" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:15 +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "You can use any later version too since Rust maintains backwards " "compatibility." msgstr "" -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:17 +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one of " @@ -1969,64 +2304,26 @@ msgstr "" "Następnie wykonaj następujące kroki, aby zbudować plik binarny Rusta z " "jednego z przykładów w tym szkoleniu:" -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:20 +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy." msgstr "" "Kliknij przycisk „Kopiuj do schowka” na przykładzie, który chcesz skopiować." -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:22 +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:" msgstr "" "Użyj polecenia `cargo new exercise`, aby utworzyć nowy katalog `exercise/` " "dla swojego kodu:" -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:24 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo new exercise\n" -" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```\n" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo new exercise\n" -" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n" -"```\n" -"```" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:29 +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:" msgstr "" "Przejdź do `exercise/` i użyj `cargo run`, aby zbudować i uruchomić plik " "binarny:" -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:31 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cd exercise\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" -" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n" -" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" -"Hello, world!\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```\n" -"```shell\n" -"$ cd exercise\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" -" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n" -" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" -"Hello, world!\n" -"```\n" -"```" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:40 +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For " "example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like" @@ -2034,51 +2331,13 @@ msgstr "" "Zastąp kod w `src/main.rs` własnym kodem. Na przykład, korzystając z " "przykładu na poprzedniej stronie, spraw, aby `src/main.rs` wyglądał tak" -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:43 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```\n" -"```rust\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Zmień mnie!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```\n" -"```" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:49 +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:" msgstr "" "Użyj polecenia `cargo run`, aby zbudować i uruchomić zaktualizowany plik " "binarny:" -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:51 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" -" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n" -" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" -"Edit me!\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```\n" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" -" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n" -" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" -"Zmień mnie!\n" -"```\n" -"```" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:59 +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo " "build` to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/" @@ -2091,7 +2350,7 @@ msgstr "" "`cargo build --release`, aby utworzyć zoptymalizowany plik do wydania w " "`target/release/`." -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:64 +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you " "run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing " @@ -2101,7 +2360,7 @@ msgstr "" "uruchamiasz polecenia `cargo`, Cargo automatycznie pobierze i skompiluje " "brakujące zależności dla Ciebie." -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:72 +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a local " "editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a normal " @@ -2111,18 +2370,18 @@ msgstr "" "edytora tekstu. Ułatwi im to życie, ponieważ będą mieli normalne środowisko " "programistyczne." -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:1 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "Welcome to Day 1" msgstr "Witamy w dniu 1" -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:3 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "This is the first day of Rust Fundamentals. We will cover a lot of ground " "today:" msgstr "To pierwszy dzień Comprehensive Rust. Przerobimy dziś dużo materiału:" -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:6 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs, " "references, functions, and methods." @@ -2130,44 +2389,79 @@ msgstr "" "Podstawowa składnia Rusta: zmienne, typy skalarne i złożone, wyliczenia, " "struktury, referencje, funkcje i metody." -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:9 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md #, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, and " -"`continue`." -msgstr "" -"Konstrukcje przepływu sterowania: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, " -"`break` i `kontynuuj`." +msgid "Types and type inference." +msgstr "Wnioskowanie typów" -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:12 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md +msgid "Control flow constructs: loops, conditionals, and so on." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md +msgid "User-defined types: structs and enums." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md #, fuzzy msgid "Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays." msgstr "Dopasowywanie wzorców: destrukturyzacja wyliczeń, struktur i tablic." -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:16 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md src/welcome-day-2.md src/welcome-day-3.md +#: src/welcome-day-4.md +msgid "Schedule" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-2.md +#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-3.md +#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-4.md +#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md +msgid "In this session:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md +msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-1.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md +msgid "[Hello, World](./hello-world.md) (20 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md +msgid "[Types and Values](./types-and-values.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md +msgid "[Control Flow Basics](./control-flow-basics.md) (1 hour)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md +msgid "Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 3 hours" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "Please remind the students that:" msgstr "Proszę przypomnieć uczniom, że:" -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:18 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end." msgstr "" "Powinni zadawać pytania, kiedy je dostaną, nich ich nie zachowują do końca." -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:19 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much " "encouraged!" msgstr "Klasa ma być interaktywna, a dyskusje są bardzo mile widziane!" -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:20 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i.e., " -"keep the discussions related to how Rust does things vs some other " -"language. It can be hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of " -"allowing discussions since they engage people much more than one-way " -"communication." +"keep the discussions related to how Rust does things vs some other language. " +"It can be hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of allowing " +"discussions since they engage people much more than one-way communication." msgstr "" "Jako prowadzący powinieneś starać się, aby dyskusje były istotne, tj. " "zachowaj związek z tym, jak Rust robi rzeczy w porównaniu z innym językiem. " @@ -2175,13 +2469,13 @@ msgstr "" "na dyskusje ponieważ angażują ludzi znacznie bardziej niż jednokierunkowa " "komunikacja." -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:24 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the slides." msgstr "" "Pytania prawdopodobnie oznaczają, że rozmawiamy o rzeczach przed slajdami." -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:25 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. " "Remember that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as " @@ -2190,41 +2484,53 @@ msgstr "" "To jest całkowicie w porządku! Powtarzanie jest ważną częścią uczenia się. " "Pamiętaj, że slajdy są tylko wsparciem i jeżeli chcesz to możesz je pominąć." -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:29 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" -"The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to " -"speak about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a " -"major feature and we should show students this right away." +"The idea for the first day is to show the \"basic\" things in Rust that " +"should have immediate parallels in other languages. The more advanced parts " +"of Rust come on the subsequent days." msgstr "" -"Ideą pierwszego dnia jest pokazanie _tylko tyle_ Rusta, żeby móc mówić o " -"słynnym nadzorcu pożyczania. Sposób, w jaki Rust obsługuje pamięć, jest jego " -"główną cechą i powinniśmy od razu pokazać to uczniom." -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:33 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the " -"schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the slides):" +"schedule. Note that there is an exercise at the end of each segment, " +"followed by a break. Plan to cover the exercise solution after the break. " +"The times listed here are a suggestion in order to keep the course on " +"schedule. Feel free to be flexible and adjust as necessary!" msgstr "" -"Jeśli uczysz tego w klasie, jest to dobre miejsce do przejrzenia " -"harmonogramu. Proponujemy podzielić dzień na dwie części (według slajdów):" -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:36 -msgid "Morning: 9:00 to 12:00," -msgstr "Rano: od 9:00 do 12:00," - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:37 -msgid "Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00." -msgstr "Po południu: od 13:00 do 16:00." - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:39 -msgid "" -"You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include " -"breaks, we recommend a break every hour!" +#: src/hello-world.md src/types-and-values.md src/control-flow-basics.md +#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md src/references.md src/user-defined-types.md +#: src/pattern-matching.md src/methods-and-traits.md src/generics.md +#: src/std-types.md src/std-traits.md src/memory-management.md +#: src/smart-pointers.md src/borrowing.md src/slices-and-lifetimes.md +#: src/iterators.md src/modules.md src/testing.md src/error-handling.md +#: src/unsafe-rust.md +msgid "In this segment:" msgstr "" -"Można to oczywiście dostosować w razie potrzeby. Proszę uwzględnić przerwy, " -"zalecamy przerwę co godzinę!" -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:3 +#: src/hello-world.md +msgid "[What is Rust?](./hello-world/what-is-rust.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/hello-world.md +msgid "[Hello, World](./hello-world/hello-world.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/hello-world.md +msgid "[Benefits of Rust](./hello-world/benefits.md) (3 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/hello-world.md +msgid "[Playground](./hello-world/playground.md) (2 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/hello-world.md +msgid "This segment should take about 20 minutes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "" "Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015]" "(https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):" @@ -2232,15 +2538,15 @@ msgstr "" "Rust to nowy język programowania, który miał swoje [wydanie 1.0 w 2015 roku]" "(https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):" -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:5 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++" msgstr "Rust to język kompilowany statycznie, pełniący podobną rolę jak C++" -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:6 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "`rustc` uses LLVM as its backend." msgstr "`rustc` używa LLVM jako backendu." -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:7 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "" "Rust supports many [platforms and architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):" @@ -2248,51 +2554,51 @@ msgstr "" "Rust obsługuje wiele [platform i architektur](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):" -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:9 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..." msgstr "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..." -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:10 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..." msgstr "Linux, Mac, Windows,..." -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:11 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "Rust is used for a wide range of devices:" msgstr "Rust jest używany w szerokiej gamie urządzeń:" -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:12 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "firmware and boot loaders," msgstr "firmware i bootloadery," -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:13 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "smart displays," msgstr "inteligentne wyświetlacze," -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:14 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "mobile phones," msgstr "telefony komórkowe," -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:15 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "desktops," msgstr "komputery stacjonarne," -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:16 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "servers." msgstr "serwery." -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:21 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:" msgstr "Rust pasuje do tego samego obszaru co C++:" -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:23 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "High flexibility." msgstr "Wysoka elastyczność." -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:24 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "High level of control." msgstr "Wysoki poziom kontroli." -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:25 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Can be scaled down to very constrained devices such as microcontrollers." @@ -2300,17 +2606,17 @@ msgstr "" "Można skalować do bardzo ograniczonych urządzeń, takich jak telefony " "komórkowe." -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:26 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "Has no runtime or garbage collection." msgstr "Nie ma biblioteki uruchomieniowej ani odśmiecania pamięci." -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:27 +#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance." msgstr "" "Koncentruje się na niezawodności i bezpieczeństwie bez poświęcania " "wydajności." -#: src/hello-world.md:3 +#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md msgid "" "Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World " "program:" @@ -2318,58 +2624,47 @@ msgstr "" "Przejdźmy do najprostszego możliwego programu Rust, klasycznego Hello World " "program:" -#: src/hello-world.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md +msgid "\"Hello 🌍!\"" msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Witaj 🌍!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/hello-world.md:12 +#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md msgid "What you see:" msgstr "Co widać:" -#: src/hello-world.md:14 +#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md msgid "Functions are introduced with `fn`." msgstr "Funkcje są wprowadzane za pomocą `fn`." -#: src/hello-world.md:15 +#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++." msgstr "Bloki są oddzielone nawiasami klamrowymi, jak w C i C++." -#: src/hello-world.md:16 +#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md msgid "The `main` function is the entry point of the program." msgstr "Funkcja `main` jest punktem wejścia programu." -#: src/hello-world.md:17 +#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md msgid "Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this." msgstr "Rust ma higieniczne makra, `println!` jest tego przykładem." -#: src/hello-world.md:18 +#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md msgid "Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character." msgstr "" "Łańcuchy znaków w Ruście są zakodowane w UTF-8 i mogą zawierać dowolne znaki " "Unicode." -#: src/hello-world.md:22 +#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will " -"see a ton of it over the next three days so we start small with something " +"see a ton of it over the next four days so we start small with something " "familiar." msgstr "" "Ten slajd ma na celu zapoznanie uczniów z kodem Rusta. Zobaczą tego dużo w " "ciągu następnych czterech dni, więc zaczniemy od czegoś znajomego." -#: src/hello-world.md:27 +#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is " @@ -2379,19 +2674,20 @@ msgstr "" "imperatywny (nie funkcjonalny) i nie próbuje wymyślać rzeczy na nowo jeśli " "nie ma takiej potrzeby." -#: src/hello-world.md:31 +#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md msgid "Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode." msgstr "Rust jest nowoczesny, ma pełne wsparcie dla rzeczy takich jak Unicode." -#: src/hello-world.md:33 +#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md +#, fuzzy msgid "" "Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of " -"arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))." +"arguments (no function [overloading](../control-flow-basics/functions.md))." msgstr "" "Rust używa makr w sytuacjach, w których chcesz mieć zmienną liczbę argumenty " "(brak [przeciążania funkcji](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))." -#: src/hello-world.md:36 +#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md msgid "" "Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers " "from the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only [partially " @@ -2399,7 +2695,7 @@ msgid "" "html)." msgstr "" -#: src/hello-world.md:40 +#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md msgid "" "Rust is multi-paradigm. For example, it has powerful [object-oriented " "programming features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop.html), and, " @@ -2407,117 +2703,104 @@ msgid "" "concepts](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-features.html)." msgstr "" -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:3 -msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:" -msgstr "Oto mały przykładowy program w Ruście:" - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() { // Program entry point\n" -" let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n" -" print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n" -" while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n" -" if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n" -" x = x / 2;\n" -" } else {\n" -" x = 3 * x + 1;\n" -" }\n" -" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() { // Punkt wejścia do programu\n" -" let mut x: i32 = 6; // Zmienna mutowalna\n" -" print!(\"{x}\"); // Makro do wypisywania tekstu, jak printf\n" -" while x != 1 { // Wyrażenie bez nawiasów\n" -" if x % 2 == 0 { // Obliczenia jak w innych językach\n" -" x = x / 2;\n" -" } else {\n" -" x = 3 * x + 1;\n" -" }\n" -" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!();\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:23 -msgid "" -"The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop " -"will always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with " -"different inputs." -msgstr "" -"Kod implementuje hipotezę Collatza: uważa się, że pętla zawsze się kończy, " -"ale nie zostało to jeszcze udowodnione. Edytuj kod i baw się różnymi danymi " -"wejściowymi." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:29 -msgid "" -"Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to " -"trigger type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer " -"overflow." -msgstr "" -"Wyjaśnij, że wszystkie zmienne są typowane statycznie. Spróbuj usunąć `i32`, " -"aby uruchomić wnioskowanie typu. Zamiast tego spróbuj z `i8` i wywołaj " -"przepełnienie liczby całkowitej w czasie wykonywania." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:32 -msgid "Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error." -msgstr "Zmień `let mut x` na `let x`, omów błąd kompilatora." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:34 -msgid "" -"Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match the " -"format string." -msgstr "" -"Pokaż, jak `print!` daje błąd kompilacji, jeśli argumenty nie pasują do " -"łańcucha formatującego." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:37 -msgid "" -"Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an " -"expression which is more complex than just a single variable." -msgstr "" -"Pokaż, że musisz użyć `{}` jako symbolu zastępczego, jeśli chcesz wypisać " -"wyrażenie, które jest bardziej złożone niż tylko pojedyncza zmienna." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:40 -msgid "" -"Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::" -"fmt` which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important " -"that the students become familiar with searching in the standard library." -msgstr "" -"Pokaż uczniom standardową bibliotekę, pokaż im, jak szukać `std::fmt` który " -"ma zasady mini-języka formatowania. Ważne jest, aby studenci zapoznają się z " -"wyszukiwaniem w bibliotece standardowej." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:44 -msgid "" -"In a shell `rustup doc std::fmt` will open a browser on the local std::fmt " -"documentation" -msgstr "" - -#: src/why-rust.md:3 +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:" msgstr "Niektóre unikalne zalety Rusta:" -#: src/why-rust.md:5 -msgid "Compile time memory safety." -msgstr "Bezpieczeństwo pamięci w czasie kompilacji." +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "" +"_Compile time memory safety_ - whole classes of memory bugs are prevented at " +"compile time" +msgstr "" -#: src/why-rust.md:6 -msgid "Lack of undefined runtime behavior." -msgstr "Brak niezdefiniowanego zachowania w czasie wykonywania." +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "No uninitialized variables." +msgstr "Brak niezainicjowanych zmiennych." -#: src/why-rust.md:7 -msgid "Modern language features." -msgstr "Nowoczesne funkcje językowe." +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "No double-frees." +msgstr "Brak podwójnych zwolnień pamięci." -#: src/why-rust.md:11 +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "No use-after-free." +msgstr "Brak użycia po zwolnieniu." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "No `NULL` pointers." +msgstr "Brak wskaźników `NULL`." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "No forgotten locked mutexes." +msgstr "Żadnych zapomnianych zablokowanych muteksów." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "No data races between threads." +msgstr "Brak wyścigów danych między wątkami." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "No iterator invalidation." +msgstr "Brak unieważniania iteratora." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "" +"_No undefined runtime behavior_ - what a Rust statement does is never left " +"unspecified" +msgstr "" + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "Array access is bounds checked." +msgstr "Zakres dostępu do tablicy jest sprawdzany." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Integer overflow is defined (panic or wrap-around)." +msgstr "Zdefiniowano przepełnienie całkowitoliczbowe." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "" +"_Modern language features_ - as expressive and ergonomic as higher-level " +"languages" +msgstr "" + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "Enums and pattern matching." +msgstr "Wyliczenia i dopasowywanie wzorców." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "Generics." +msgstr "Generyczne typy i funkcje." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "No overhead FFI." +msgstr "Brak narzutu przy FFI." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "Zero-cost abstractions." +msgstr "Abstrakcje o zerowych kosztach." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "Great compiler errors." +msgstr "Świetne błędy kompilatora." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "Built-in dependency manager." +msgstr "Wbudowany menedżer zależności." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "Built-in support for testing." +msgstr "Wbudowana obsługa testów." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "Excellent Language Server Protocol support." +msgstr "Doskonała obsługa protokołu serwera językowego." + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md +msgid "" +"Do not spend much time here. All of these points will be covered in more " +"depth later." +msgstr "" + +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "" "Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. " "Depending on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:" @@ -2525,7 +2808,7 @@ msgstr "" "Pamiętaj, aby zapytać klasę, z jakimi językami mają doświadczenie. W " "zależności od odpowiedzi możesz wyróżnić różne funkcje Rusta:" -#: src/why-rust.md:14 +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "" "Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_ " "via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't " @@ -2538,7 +2821,7 @@ msgstr "" "nowoczesny język z konstrukcjami, jak dopasowywanie wzorców i wbudowane " "zarządzanie zależnościami." -#: src/why-rust.md:19 +#: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "" "Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory " "safety as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In " @@ -2551,1994 +2834,334 @@ msgstr "" "w C i C++ (bez Garbage Collectora) a także dostęp do sprzętu na niskim " "poziomie (jeśli go potrzebujesz)" -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:3 -msgid "Static memory management at compile time:" -msgstr "Statyczne zarządzanie pamięcią w czasie kompilacji:" - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:5 -msgid "No uninitialized variables." -msgstr "Brak niezainicjowanych zmiennych." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:6 -msgid "No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes)." -msgstr "Brak wycieków pamięci (_głównie_, patrz uwagi)." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:7 -msgid "No double-frees." -msgstr "Brak podwójnych zwolnień pamięci." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:8 -msgid "No use-after-free." -msgstr "Brak użycia po zwolnieniu." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:9 -msgid "No `NULL` pointers." -msgstr "Brak wskaźników `NULL`." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:10 -msgid "No forgotten locked mutexes." -msgstr "Żadnych zapomnianych zablokowanych muteksów." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:11 -msgid "No data races between threads." -msgstr "Brak wyścigów danych między wątkami." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:12 -msgid "No iterator invalidation." -msgstr "Brak unieważniania iteratora." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:16 +#: src/hello-world/playground.md msgid "" -"It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples are:" +"The [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) provides an easy way to " +"run short Rust programs, and is the basis for the examples and exercises in " +"this course. Try running the \"hello-world\" program it starts with. It " +"comes with a few handy features:" msgstr "" -"Możliwe jest generowanie wycieków pamięci w (bezpiecznym) Ruście. Kilka " -"przykładów:" -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:19 +#: src/hello-world/playground.md +msgid "" +"Under \"Tools\", use the `rustfmt` option to format your code in the " +"\"standard\" way." +msgstr "" + +#: src/hello-world/playground.md +msgid "" +"Rust has two main \"profiles\" for generating code: Debug (extra runtime " +"checks, less optimization) and Release (fewer runtime checks, lots of " +"optimization). These are accessible under \"Debug\" at the top." +msgstr "" + +#: src/hello-world/playground.md +msgid "" +"If you're interested, use \"ASM\" under \"...\" to see the generated " +"assembly code." +msgstr "" + +#: src/hello-world/playground.md +msgid "" +"As students head into the break, encourage them to open up the playground " +"and experiment a little. Encourage them to keep the tab open and try things " +"out during the rest of the course. This is particularly helpful for advanced " +"students who want to know more about Rust's optimizations or generated " +"assembly." +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values.md +msgid "[Variables](./types-and-values/variables.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values.md +msgid "[Values](./types-and-values/values.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values.md +msgid "[Arithmetic](./types-and-values/arithmetic.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values.md +msgid "[Strings](./types-and-values/strings.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values.md +msgid "[Type Inference](./types-and-values/inference.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values.md +msgid "[Exercise: Fibonacci](./types-and-values/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values.md src/testing.md src/unsafe-rust.md +msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 5 minutes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values/variables.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"You can use [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box." -"html#method.leak) to leak a pointer. A use of this could be to get runtime-" -"initialized and runtime-sized static variables" +"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are made with " +"`let`:" msgstr "" -"Możesz użyć [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box." -"html#method.leak) do wycieku wskaźnika. Można to wykorzystać, aby uzyskać " -"zmienne statyczne inicjowane w czasie wykonywania i o rozmiarze czasu " -"wykonywania" +"Rust zapewnia bezpieczeństwo typów dzięki statycznemu typowaniu. Wiązania " +"zmiennych są domyślnie niezmienne:" -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:21 +#: src/types-and-values/variables.md src/control-flow-basics/loops.md +#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md +msgid "\"x: {x}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values/variables.md msgid "" -"You can use [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget." -"html) to make the compiler \"forget\" about a value (meaning the destructor " -"is never run)." +"// x = 20;\n" +" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" msgstr "" -"Możesz użyć [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget." -"html), aby kompilator „zapomniał” o wartości (co oznacza, że destruktor " -"nigdy nie jest uruchamiany)." -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:23 +#: src/types-and-values/variables.md msgid "" -"You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle](https://doc.rust-lang." -"org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) with `Rc` or `Arc`." +"Uncomment the `x = 20` to demonstrate that variables are immutable by " +"default. Add the `mut` keyword to allow changes." msgstr "" -"Możesz także przypadkowo utworzyć [cykl referencyjny](http://rust.w8.pl/book/" -"ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) za pomocą `Rc` lub `Arc`." -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:25 +#: src/types-and-values/variables.md msgid "" -"In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory leak " -"and Rust does not protect from those." +"The `i32` here is the type of the variable. This must be known at compile " +"time, but type inference (covered later) allows the programmer to omit it in " +"many cases." msgstr "" -"W rzeczywistości niektórzy uznają zapełnianie kolekcji w nieskończoność za " -"wyciek pamięci, a Rust nie chroni przed nimi." -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:28 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "" -"For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood as " -"\"Pretty much no _accidental_ memory leaks\"." +"Here are some basic built-in types, and the syntax for literal values of " +"each type." msgstr "" -"Na potrzeby tego kursu należy rozumieć „Brak wycieków pamięci”. jako „Prawie " -"nie ma _przypadkowych_ wycieków pamięci”." -#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:3 -msgid "No undefined behavior at runtime:" -msgstr "Brak niezdefiniowanego zachowania w czasie wykonywania:" - -#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:5 -msgid "Array access is bounds checked." -msgstr "Zakres dostępu do tablicy jest sprawdzany." - -#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Integer overflow is defined (panic or wrap-around)." -msgstr "Zdefiniowano przepełnienie całkowitoliczbowe." - -#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:12 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Integer overflow is defined via the [`overflow-checks`](https://doc.rust-" -"lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-checks) compile-time " -"flag. If enabled, the program will panic (a controlled crash of the " -"program), otherwise you get wrap-around semantics. By default, you get " -"panics in debug mode (`cargo build`) and wrap-around in release mode (`cargo " -"build --release`)." -msgstr "" -"Przepełnienie liczb całkowitych jest definiowane za pomocą flagi czasu " -"kompilacji. Opcje to panika (kontrolowana awaria programu) lub zawijanie. " -"Domyślnie to panika w trybie debugowania (`cargo build`) i zawijanie w " -"trybie produkcyjnym (`cargo build --release`)." - -#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:18 -msgid "" -"Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also not be " -"disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However, `unsafe` allows you to " -"call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked` which does not do bounds " -"checking." -msgstr "" -"Sprawdzania granic nie można wyłączyć za pomocą flagi kompilatora. Nie może " -"też wyłączyć go bezpośrednio za pomocą słowa kluczowego `unsafe`. Jednakże, " -"`unsafe` pozwala na wywołanie funkcji takich jak `slice::get_unchecked`, " -"które nie sprawdzają granic." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last decades." -msgstr "" -"Rust jest zbudowany z całym doświadczeniem zdobytym w ciągu ostatnich 40 lat." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:5 -msgid "Language Features" -msgstr "Funkcje języka" - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:7 -msgid "Enums and pattern matching." -msgstr "Wyliczenia i dopasowywanie wzorców." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:8 -msgid "Generics." -msgstr "Generyczne typy i funkcje." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:9 -msgid "No overhead FFI." -msgstr "Brak narzutu przy FFI." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:10 -msgid "Zero-cost abstractions." -msgstr "Abstrakcje o zerowych kosztach." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:12 -msgid "Tooling" -msgstr "Narzędzia" - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:14 -msgid "Great compiler errors." -msgstr "Świetne błędy kompilatora." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:15 -msgid "Built-in dependency manager." -msgstr "Wbudowany menedżer zależności." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:16 -msgid "Built-in support for testing." -msgstr "Wbudowana obsługa testów." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:17 -msgid "Excellent Language Server Protocol support." -msgstr "Doskonała obsługa protokołu serwera językowego." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:23 -msgid "" -"Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to 'pay' " -"for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example, " -"writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level " -"instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct." -msgstr "" -"Abstrakcje o zerowych kosztach, podobne do C++, oznaczają, że nie musisz " -"„płacić” za konstrukcje programistyczne wyższego poziomu pamięcią lub " -"procesorem. Na przykład, pisanie pętli przy użyciu `for` powinno dać w " -"przybliżeniu te same instrukcje niskiego poziomu jak przy użyciu konstrukcji " -"`.iter().fold()`." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:28 -msgid "" -"It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', also " -"known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like " -"`Option` and `Result`." -msgstr "" -"Warto wspomnieć, że wyliczenia w Rust również są „algebraicznymi typami " -"danych”, które pozwalają systemowi typów wyrażać takie rzeczy jak " -"`Option` i `Result`." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:32 -msgid "" -"Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to " -"ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more " -"talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with _actionable_ " -"feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code." -msgstr "" -"Przypomnij ludziom, aby przeczytali błędy --- wielu programistów " -"przyzwyczaiło się do ignorowanie długich danych wyjściowych kompilatora. " -"Kompilator Rusta jest znacznie bardziej rozmowny niż inne kompilatory. " -"Często da ci _użyteczne_ podpowiedzi, gotowe do skopiowania i wklejenia do " -"kodu." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:37 -msgid "" -"The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, Python, " -"and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard " -"and essential:" -msgstr "" -"Standardowa biblioteka Rusta jest niewielka w porównaniu z językami takimi " -"jak Java, Python, i Go. Rust nie zawiera kilku rzeczy, które można by uznać " -"za standardowe i niezbędne:" - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:41 -msgid "a random number generator, but see [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)." -msgstr "generator liczb losowych, ale patrz [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:42 -msgid "support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)." -msgstr "" -"wsparcie dla SSL lub TLS, ale zobacz [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:43 -msgid "support for JSON, but see [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)." -msgstr "" -"wsparcie dla JSON, ale zobacz [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:45 -msgid "" -"The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library " -"cannot go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the " -"Rust community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps " -"there isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things." -msgstr "" -"Powodem tego jest to, że funkcjonalność w bibliotece standardowej nie może " -"odejść, więc musi być bardzo stabilna. Dla powyższych przykładów społeczność " -"Rusta wciąż pracuje nad znalezieniem najlepszego rozwiązania --- i być może " -"nie ma jednego „najlepszego rozwiązania” dla niektórych z tych rzeczy." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:50 -msgid "" -"Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this " -"makes it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence " -"of this is that the standard library can be smaller." -msgstr "" -"Rust ma wbudowanego menedżera pakietów w postaci Cargo i to sprawia, że " -"pobieranie i kompilowanie zewnętrznych pakietów jest trywialne. Konsekwencją " -"tego jest to, że standardowa biblioteka może być mniejsza." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:54 -msgid "" -"Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like help with this by letting you compare health metrics for crates to " -"find a good and trusted one." -msgstr "" -"Odkrywanie dobrych skrzynek może być problemem. Witryny takie jak w tym pomagają, umożliwiając porównanie wskaźników kondycji " -"skrzynki, aby znaleźć te dobre i zaufane." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:58 -msgid "" -"[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) is a well supported LSP " -"implementation used in major IDEs and text editors." -msgstr "" -"[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) to dobrze obsługiwana " -"implementacja LSP używana w głównych IDE i edytorach tekstu." - -#: src/basic-syntax.md:3 -msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:" -msgstr "Większość składni Rusta będzie Ci znana z C, C++ lub Javy:" - -#: src/basic-syntax.md:5 -msgid "Blocks and scopes are delimited by curly braces." -msgstr "Bloki i zakresy są oddzielone nawiasami klamrowymi." - -#: src/basic-syntax.md:6 -msgid "" -"Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/* ... " -"*/`." -msgstr "" -"Komentarze wierszowe rozpoczynają się od `//`, komentarze blokowe są " -"rozdzielane przez `/*... */`." - -#: src/basic-syntax.md:8 -msgid "Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same." -msgstr "Słowa kluczowe, takie jak `if` i `while`, działają tak samo." - -#: src/basic-syntax.md:9 -msgid "Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`." -msgstr "" -"Przypisanie zmiennej odbywa się za pomocą `=`, porównanie za pomocą `==`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3 -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "Types" msgstr "Typy" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "Literals" msgstr "Literały" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "Signed integers" msgstr "Liczby całkowite ze znakiem" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`" msgstr "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md #, fuzzy msgid "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`" msgstr "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123i64`" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "Unsigned integers" msgstr "Liczby całkowite bez znaku" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`" msgstr "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md #, fuzzy msgid "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`" msgstr "`0`, `123`, `10u16`" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "Floating point numbers" msgstr "Liczby zmiennoprzecinkowe" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`f32`, `f64`" msgstr "`f32`, `f64`" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md #, fuzzy msgid "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`" msgstr "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2f32`" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8 -msgid "Strings" -msgstr "Łańcuchy znaków" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8 -msgid "`&str`" -msgstr "`&str`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`" -msgstr "`\"foo\"`, `r#\"\\\\\"#`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "Unicode scalar values" msgstr "Wartości skalarne Unicode" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`char`" msgstr "`char`" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`" msgstr "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "Booleans" msgstr "Logiczne" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`bool`" msgstr "`bool`" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`true`, `false`" msgstr "`true`, `false`" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:12 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "The types have widths as follows:" msgstr "Typy mają następujące rozmiary:" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:14 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide," msgstr "`iN`, `uN` i `fN` mają wielkość _N_ bitów," -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:15 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer," msgstr "`isize` i `usize` mają wielkość wskaźnika," -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:16 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md #, fuzzy msgid "`char` is 32 bits wide," msgstr "`char` ma 32 bitów," -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:17 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md #, fuzzy msgid "`bool` is 8 bits wide." msgstr "`bool` ma 8 bitów." -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:21 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "There are a few syntaxes which are not shown above:" msgstr "" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:23 -msgid "" -"Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: " -"`r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal " -"amount of `#` on either side of the quotes:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:27 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(r#\"link\"#);\n" -" println!(\"link\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = 10;\n" -" println!(\"przedtem: {a}\");\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:34 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Byte strings allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:" -msgstr "Wyliczenia umożliwiają zebranie zestawu wartości w ramach jednego typu" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:36 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = 42;\n" -" let y = x;\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:43 +#: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "" "All underscores in numbers can be left out, they are for legibility only. So " "`1_000` can be written as `1000` (or `10_00`), and `123_i64` can be written " "as `123i64`." msgstr "" -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5 -msgid "Arrays" -msgstr "Tablice" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5 -msgid "`[T; N]`" -msgstr "`[T; N]`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5 -msgid "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`" -msgstr "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6 -msgid "Tuples" -msgstr "Krotki" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6 -msgid "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..." -msgstr "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6 -msgid "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..." -msgstr "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:8 -msgid "Array assignment and access:" -msgstr "Przypisanie i dostęp do tablicy:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:10 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n" -" a[5] = 0;\n" -" println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md +msgid "\"result: {}\"" msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n" -" a[5] = 0;\n" -" println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:18 -msgid "Tuple assignment and access:" -msgstr "Przypisanie i dostęp do krotki:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:20 +#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n" -" println!(\"1st index: {}\", t.0);\n" -" println!(\"2nd index: {}\", t.1);\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"This is the first time we've seen a function other than `main`, but the " +"meaning should be clear: it takes three integers, and returns an integer. " +"Functions will be covered in more detail later." msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n" -" println!(\"Pierwszy element: {}\", t.0);\n" -" println!(\"Drugi element: {}\", t.1);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:32 -msgid "Arrays:" -msgstr "Tablice:" +#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md +msgid "Arithmetic is very similar to other languages, with similar precedence." +msgstr "" -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:34 +#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md +msgid "" +"What about integer overflow? In C and C++ overflow of _signed_ integers is " +"actually undefined, and might do different things on different platforms or " +"compilers. In Rust, it's defined." +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md +msgid "" +"Change the `i32`'s to `i16` to see an integer overflow, which panics " +"(checked) in a debug build and wraps in a release build. There are other " +"options, such as overflowing, saturating, and carrying. These are accessed " +"with method syntax, e.g., `(a * b).saturating_add(b * c).saturating_add(c * " +"a)`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md +msgid "" +"In fact, the compiler will detect overflow of constant expressions, which is " +"why the example requires a separate function." +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md +msgid "" +"Rust has two types to represent strings, both of which will be covered in " +"more depth later. Both _always_ store UTF-8 encoded strings." +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md #, fuzzy -msgid "" -"A value of the array type `[T; N]` holds `N` (a compile-time constant) " -"elements of the same type `T`. Note that the length of the array is _part of " -"its type_, which means that `[u8; 3]` and `[u8; 4]` are considered two " -"different types." -msgstr "" -"Tablice mają elementy tego samego typu, `T`, i długość, `N`, która jest " -"stałą czasu kompilacji. Zauważ, że długość tablicy to _część jej typu_, to " -"znaczy, że `[u8; 3]` i `[u8; 4]` to dwa różne typy." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:38 -msgid "We can use literals to assign values to arrays." -msgstr "Możemy użyć literałów do przypisania wartości do tablic." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:40 -msgid "" -"In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug implementation " -"with the `?` format parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives " -"the debug output. We could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without " -"specifying the value after the format string." -msgstr "" -"W funkcji main instrukcja print pyta o implementację do debugowania za " -"pomocą parametru formatowania `?`: `{}` daje domyślne wyjście, `{:?}` daje " -"wyjście do debugowania. Mogliśmy również użyć `{a}` i `{a:?}` bez określania " -"wartości po łańcuchu formatującym." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:45 -msgid "" -"Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be " -"easier to read." -msgstr "" -"Dodanie `#`, np. `{a:#?}`, wywołuje format \"ładnego druku\", który może być " -"łatwiejszy do odczytania." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:47 -msgid "Tuples:" -msgstr "Krotki:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:49 -msgid "Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length." -msgstr "Podobnie jak tablice, krotki mają stałą długość." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:51 -msgid "Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type." -msgstr "Krotki grupują wartości różnych typów w typ złożony." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:53 -msgid "" -"Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, " -"e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`." -msgstr "" -"Dostęp do pól krotki można uzyskać po kropce i indeksie wartości, np. `t.0`, " -"`t.1`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:55 -msgid "" -"The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, " -"and the only valid value of that type - that is to say both the type and its " -"value are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a " -"function or expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide. " -msgstr "" -"Pusta krotka `()` jest również znana jako \"typ jednostkowy\". Jest to " -"zarówno typ, jak i jedyna poprawna wartość tego typu — to znaczy zarówno " -"typ, jak i jego wartość są wyrażone jako `()`. Służy do wskazania, na " -"przykład, że funkcja lub wyrażenie nie zwraca żadnej wartości, co zobaczymy " -"na kolejnym slajdzie." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:59 -msgid "" -"You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other " -"programming languages." -msgstr "" -"Możesz myśleć o tym jako o „pustce” (ang. `void`), która może być ci znana z " -"innych języków programowania." - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:3 -msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:" -msgstr "Podobnie jak C++, Rust ma referencje:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x: i32 = 10;\n" -" let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n" -" *ref_x = 20;\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x: i32 = 10;\n" -" let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n" -" *ref_x = 20;\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:14 -msgid "Some notes:" -msgstr "Niektóre uwagi:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:16 -msgid "" -"We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ " -"pointers." -msgstr "" -"Podczas przypisywania musimy wyłuskać referencję `ref_x`, podobnie jak w " -"przypadku wskaźników C i C++." - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:17 -msgid "" -"Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking " -"methods (try `ref_x.count_ones()`)." -msgstr "" -"W niektórych przypadkach Rust dokona automatycznej dereferencji, w " -"szczególności podczas wywoływania metod (spróbuj `ref_x.count_ones()`)." - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:19 -msgid "" -"References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values over " -"their lifetime." -msgstr "" -"Referencje zadeklarowane jako `mut` mogą być powiązane z różnymi wartościami " -"w czasie ich istnienia." - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:25 -msgid "" -"Be sure to note the difference between `let mut ref_x: &i32` and `let ref_x: " -"&mut i32`. The first one represents a mutable reference which can be bound " -"to different values, while the second represents a reference to a mutable " -"value." -msgstr "" -"Pamiętaj o różnicy między `let mut ref_x: &i32` i `let ref_x: &mut i32`. " -"Pierwsza reprezentuje zmienną referencję, z którą można powiązać różne " -"wartości, podczas gdy druga reprezentuje odwołanie do zmiennej wartości." - -#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:3 -msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:" -msgstr "Rust będzie statycznie zabraniał wiszących referencji:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let ref_x: &i32;\n" -" {\n" -" let x: i32 = 10;\n" -" ref_x = &x;\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let ref_x: &i32;\n" -" {\n" -" let x: i32 = 10;\n" -" ref_x = &x;\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:16 -msgid "A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to." -msgstr "Mówi się, że referencja „pożycza” wartość, do której się odnosi." - -#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:17 -msgid "" -"Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long " -"enough." -msgstr "" -"Rust śledzi czas życia wszystkich referencji, aby zapewnić, że mają " -"wystarczająco długi czas życia." - -#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:19 -msgid "We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership." -msgstr "Porozmawiamy więcej o pożyczaniu, kiedy przejdziemy do własności." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:3 -msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:" -msgstr "Wycinek daje wgląd w większą kolekcję:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n" -" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n" -" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:16 -msgid "Slices borrow data from the sliced type." -msgstr "Wycinki pożyczają dane od ciętego typu." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:17 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]` right before printing `s`?" -msgstr "Pytanie: Co się stanie, jeśli zmodyfikujesz `a[3]`?" - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:21 -msgid "" -"We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending " -"indexes in brackets." -msgstr "" -"Tworzymy wycinek, pożyczając `a` i określając indeksy początkowe i końcowe w " -"nawiasach." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:23 -msgid "" -"If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the " -"starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are " -"identical." -msgstr "" -"Jeśli wycinek zaczyna się od indeksu 0, składnia zakresu Rusta pozwala nam " -"pominąć indeks początkowy, co oznacza, że `&a[0..a.len()]` i `&a[..a.len()]` " -"są identyczne ." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:25 -msgid "" -"The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are " -"identical." -msgstr "" -"To samo dotyczy ostatniego indeksu, więc `&a[2..a.len()]` i `&a[2..]` są " -"identyczne." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:27 -msgid "" -"To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`." -msgstr "Aby łatwo utworzyć wycinek pełnej tablicy, możemy zatem użyć `&a[..]`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:29 -msgid "" -"`s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` " -"(`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform " -"computation on slices of different sizes." -msgstr "" -"`s` jest referencją do wycinka elementów `i32`. Zauważ, że typ `s` " -"(`&[i32]`) nie wspomina już o długości tablicy. To pozwala nam wykonywać " -"obliczenia na wycinkach o różnych rozmiarach." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:31 -msgid "" -"Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain " -"'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice. " -msgstr "" -"Wycinki zawsze pożyczają od innego obiektu. W tym przykładzie `a` musi " -"pozostać 'żywe' (w zakresie) przynajmniej tak długo, jak nasz wycinek." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:33 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but " -"the answer is that for memory safety reasons you cannot do it through `a` at " -"this point in the execution, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` " -"safely. It works before you created the slice, and again after the " -"`println`, when the slice is no longer used. More details will be explained " -"in the borrow checker section." -msgstr "" -"Pytanie o modyfikację `a[3]` może wywołać interesującą dyskusję, ale " -"odpowiedź jest taka, że ze względów bezpieczeństwa pamięci nie możesz tego " -"zrobić przez `a` po utworzeniu wycinka, ale możesz bezpiecznie odczytać dane " -"zarówno z `a` jak i `s`. Więcej szczegółów zostanie wyjaśnionych w sekcji o " -"nadzorcy pożyczania." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:1 -msgid "`String` vs `str`" -msgstr "`String` i `str`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:3 -msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:" -msgstr "Możemy teraz zrozumieć dwa typy łańcuchów w Rust:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: &str = \"World\";\n" -" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" -"\n" -" let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n" -" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -" s2.push_str(s1);\n" -" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -" \n" -" let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n" -" println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```\n" -"let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Witaj \");\n" -"println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -"s2.push_str(s1);\n" -"println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -"\n" -"let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n" -"println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:20 -msgid "Rust terminology:" -msgstr "Terminologia Rusta:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:22 -msgid "`&str` an immutable reference to a string slice." -msgstr "`&str` to niezmienna referencja do wycinka łańcucha." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:23 -msgid "`String` a mutable string buffer." +msgid "`String` - a modifiable, owned string." msgstr "`String` to zmienny bufor łańcucha znaków." -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:27 -msgid "" -"`&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 " -"encoded string data stored in a block of memory. String literals " -"(`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary." -msgstr "" -"`&str` wprowadza fragment łańcucha, który jest niezmiennym odniesieniem do " -"danych łańcuchowych zakodowanych w UTF-8 przechowywanych w bloku pamięci. " -"Literały łańcuchowe (`\"Witaj\"`) są przechowywane w pliku binarnym programu." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:30 -msgid "" -"Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a " -"`Vec`, it is owned." -msgstr "" -"Typ `String` to opakowanie dla wektora bajtów. Tak jak `Vec`, ma dane na " -"własność." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:32 -msgid "" -"As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string " -"literal; `String::new()` creates a new empty string, to which string data " -"can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods." -msgstr "" -"Tak jak z wieloma innymi typami `String::from()` tworzy łańcuch z literału " -"znaków; `String::new()` tworzy pusty łańcuch, do którego można dodać dane " -"za pomocą metod `push()` i `push_str()`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:35 -msgid "" -"The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from " -"dynamic values. It accepts the same format specification as `println!()`." -msgstr "" -"Makro `format!()` jest wygodnym sposobem generowania posiadanego łańcucha z " -"wartości dynamicznych. Akceptuje tę samą specyfikację formatu co `println!" -"()`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:38 -msgid "" -"You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range " -"selection." -msgstr "" -"Możesz pożyczyć wycinki `&str` ze `String` za pomocą `&` i opcjonalnego " -"wyboru zakresu." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:40 -msgid "" -"For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `const char*` from C++, but the one " -"that always points to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough " -"equivalent of `std::string` from C++ (main difference: it can only contain " -"UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization)." -msgstr "" -"Dla programistów C++: myśl o `&str` jako o `const char*` z C++, ale tym, " -"które zawsze wskazuje do prawidłowego ciągu w pamięci. Rust `String` jest " -"przybliżonym odpowiednikiem `std::string` z C++ (główna różnica: może " -"zawierać tylko bajty zakodowane w UTF-8 i nigdy nie użyje optymalizacji " -"małych ciągów)." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:3 -msgid "" -"A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" -"Fizz_buzz) interview question:" -msgstr "" -"Rustowa wersja słynnego pytania z rozmów o pracę [FizzBuzz](https://en." -"wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz):" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" print_fizzbuzz_to(20);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn is_divisible(n: u32, divisor: u32) -> bool {\n" -" if divisor == 0 {\n" -" return false;\n" -" }\n" -" n % divisor == 0\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> String {\n" -" let fizz = if is_divisible(n, 3) { \"fizz\" } else { \"\" };\n" -" let buzz = if is_divisible(n, 5) { \"buzz\" } else { \"\" };\n" -" if fizz.is_empty() && buzz.is_empty() {\n" -" return format!(\"{n}\");\n" -" }\n" -" format!(\"{fizz}{buzz}\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn print_fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) {\n" -" for i in 1..=n {\n" -" println!(\"{}\", fizzbuzz(i));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:35 -msgid "" -"We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward declarations " -"nor headers are necessary. " -msgstr "" -"W `main` odnosimy się do funkcji napisanej poniżej. Nie ma potrzeby na " -"deklaracje z gory lub na nagłówki. " - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:36 -msgid "" -"Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some " -"programming languages), then a return type." -msgstr "" -"Deklarowane parametry są poprzedzają typ (na odwrót w porównaniu do " -"niektórych języków programowania), potem zwracany typ." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:37 -msgid "" -"The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return " -"value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression." -msgstr "" -"Ostatnie wyrażenie w ciele funkcji (lub bloku) staje się zwracaną wartością. " -"Wystarczy pominąć `;` na końcu wyrażenia." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:38 -msgid "" -"Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The " -"compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted." -msgstr "" -"Niektóre funkcje nie zwracają wartości, ich zwracany typ to 'typ " -"jednostkowy', `()`. Kompilator to wywnioskuje jeżeli `-> ()` jest pominięte." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:39 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The range expression in the `for` loop in `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contains " -"`=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound." -msgstr "" -"Wyrażenie zakresu w pętli `for` w `fizzbuzz_to()` zawiera `=n`, powoduje to " -"zawarcie górnego zakresu." - -#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:3 -msgid "" -"All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax." -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second " -"argument.\n" -"///\n" -"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n" -"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n" -" if rhs == 0 {\n" -" return false; // Corner case, early return\n" -" }\n" -" lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return " -"value\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool { if rhs == 0 { return " -"false; // Szczególny przypadek, wczesne wyjście } lhs % rhs == 0 // " -"Ostatnie wyrażenie w bloku to zwracana wartość }" - -#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:17 -msgid "" -"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are " -"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the [rustdoc]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is " -"idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern." -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:24 -msgid "" -"Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at [`docs.rs/rand`]" -"(https://docs.rs/rand)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:27 -msgid "" -"This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but in " -"real code they should be present." -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:30 -msgid "" -"Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need not " -"be addressed here." -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:33 -msgid "" -"Rustdoc comments can contain code snippets that we can run and test using " -"`cargo test`. We will discuss these tests in the [Testing section](../" -"testing/doc-tests.html)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Methods are functions associated with a type. The `self` argument of a " -"method is an instance of the type it is associated with:" -msgstr "" -"Rust ma metody, są to po prostu funkcje powiązane z określonym typem. " -"Pierwszy argument metody jest instancją typu, z którym jest powiązana:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Rectangle {\n" -" width: u32,\n" -" height: u32,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Rectangle {\n" -" fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n" -" self.width * self.height\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n" -" self.width += delta;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n" -" println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area());\n" -" rect.inc_width(5);\n" -" println!(\"new area: {}\", rect.area());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:30 -msgid "" -"We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's " -"class." -msgstr "" -"W dzisiejszym ćwiczeniu i na jutrzejszych zajęciach przyjrzymy się metodom " -"znacznie dokładniej." - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:34 -msgid "Add a static method called `Rectangle::new` and call this from `main`:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:36 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n" -" Rectangle { width, height }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n" -" x * y\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:42 -msgid "" -"While _technically_, Rust does not have custom constructors, static methods " -"are commonly used to initialize structs (but don't have to). The actual " -"constructor, `Rectangle { width, height }`, could be called directly. See " -"the [Rustnomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/constructors.html)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:45 -msgid "" -"Add a `Rectangle::square(width: u32)` constructor to illustrate that such " -"static methods can take arbitrary parameters." -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:1 -msgid "Function Overloading" -msgstr "Przeciążanie funkcji" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:3 -msgid "Overloading is not supported:" -msgstr "Przeciążanie nie jest obsługiwane:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:5 -msgid "Each function has a single implementation:" -msgstr "Każda funkcja ma jedną implementację:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:6 -msgid "Always takes a fixed number of parameters." -msgstr "Zawsze przyjmuje stałą liczbę parametrów." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:7 -msgid "Always takes a single set of parameter types." -msgstr "Zawsze przyjmuje jeden zestaw typów parametrów." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:8 -msgid "Default values are not supported:" -msgstr "Wartości domyślne nie są obsługiwane:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:9 -msgid "All call sites have the same number of arguments." -msgstr "Wszystkie wywołania mają taką samą liczbę argumentów." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:10 -msgid "Macros are sometimes used as an alternative." -msgstr "Makra są czasami używane jako alternatywa." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:12 -msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:" -msgstr "Jednak parametry funkcji mogą być generyczne:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:14 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn pick_one(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n" -" if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n" -" println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() { println!(\"rzut monetą: {}\", pick_one(\"orzeł\", \"reszka\")); " -"println!(\"nagroda: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000)); }" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:27 -msgid "" -"When using generics, the standard library's `Into` can provide a kind of " -"limited polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a later " -"section." -msgstr "" -"Podczas korzystania z typów generycznych, `Into` z biblioteki " -"standardowej może zapewnić pewnego rodzaju ograniczony polimorfizm typów " -"argumentów. Więcej szczegółów zobaczymy w dalszej części." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:1 -msgid "Day 1: Morning Exercises" -msgstr "Dzień 1: Ćwiczenia poranne" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:3 -msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:" -msgstr "W tych ćwiczeniach przyjrzymy się dwóm częściom Rusta:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:5 -msgid "Implicit conversions between types." -msgstr "Niejawne konwersje między typami." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:7 -msgid "Arrays and `for` loops." -msgstr "Tablice i pętle `for`." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:11 -msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:" -msgstr "" -"Kilka rzeczy, które należy wziąć pod uwagę podczas rozwiązywania ćwiczeń:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:13 -msgid "" -"Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get auto-" -"completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo](../../cargo.md) " -"for details on installing Rust." -msgstr "" -"Jeśli to możliwe, użyj lokalnej instalacji Rusta. W ten sposób możesz dostać " -"autouzupełnianie w twoim edytorze. Więcej informacji o instalowaniu Rusta " -"znajdziesz na stronie o [Korzystaniu z Cargo](../../cargo.md)." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:17 -msgid "Alternatively, use the Rust Playground." -msgstr "Ewentualnie skorzystaj z Rust Playground." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:19 -msgid "" -"The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets lose " -"their state if you navigate away from the page." -msgstr "" -"Fragmentów kodu celowo nie można edytować: wbudowane fragmenty kodu tracą " -"stan, jeśli opuścisz stronę." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:22 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:11 -#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:9 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:7 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:12 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-" -"morning.md) provided." -msgstr "" -"Po obejrzeniu ćwiczenia możesz spojrzeć na podane [rozwiązanie](solutions-" -"afternoon.md)." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types " -"([unlike C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/" -"implicit_conversion)). You can see this in a program like this:" -msgstr "" -"Rust nie zastosuje automatycznie _niejawnych konwersji_ między typami ([w " -"przeciwieństwie do C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/" -"implicit_conversion)). Możesz to zobaczyć w takim programie:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n" -" x * y\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x: i8 = 15;\n" -" let y: i16 = 1000;\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiply(x, y));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let ref_x: &i32;\n" -" {\n" -" let x: i32 = 10;\n" -" ref_x = &x;\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:19 -msgid "" -"The Rust integer types all implement the [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang." -"org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"std/convert/trait.Into.html) traits to let us convert between them. The " -"`From` trait has a single `from()` method and similarly, the `Into` " -"trait has a single `into()` method. Implementing these traits is how a type " -"expresses that it can be converted into another type." -msgstr "" -"Wszystkie typy całkowite w Ruście implementują cechy [`From`](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) i [`Into`](https://doc.rust-" -"lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) aby umożliwić nam konwersję między " -"nimi. Cecha `From` ma jedną metodę `from()` i podobnie cecha `Into` ma " -"jedną metodę `into()`. Implementacja tych cech to wyrażenie, w jaki sposób " -"można przekształcić dany typ w inny typ." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:25 -msgid "" -"The standard library has an implementation of `From for i16`, which " -"means that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by " -"calling `i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From for " -"i16` implementation automatically create an implementation of `Into for " -"i8`." -msgstr "" -"Standardowa biblioteka ma implementację `From` dla `i16`, co oznacza że " -"możemy zamienić zmienną `x` typu `i8` na `i16` przez wywołanie `i16::" -"from(x)`. Lub, prościej, za pomocę `x.into()`, ponieważ implementacja " -"`From` dla `i16` automatycznie tworzy implementację `Into` dla `i8`." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:30 -msgid "" -"The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, so " -"it is sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` " -"implementation automatically." -msgstr "" -"To samo dotyczy twoich własnych implementacji `From` dla twoich własnych " -"typów, więc wystarczy zaimplementować tylko `From`, aby automatycznie " -"uzyskać odpowiednią implementację `Into`." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:33 -msgid "Execute the above program and look at the compiler error." -msgstr "Uruchom powyższy program i spójrz na błąd kompilatora." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:35 -msgid "Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion." -msgstr "" -"Zaktualizuj powyższy kod, aby użyć funkcji `into()` do przeprowadzenia " -"konwersji." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:37 -msgid "" -"Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`, " -"`i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try " -"converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the " -"[standard library documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait." -"From.html) to see if `From` is implemented for the pairs you check." -msgstr "" -"Zmień typy `x` i `y` na inne (takie jak `f32`, `bool`, `i128`), aby " -"zobaczyć, które typy można przekonwertować na inne typy. Spróbuj konwertować " -"małe typy na duże i na odwrót. Sprawdź [dokumentację biblioteki standardowej]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html), aby zobaczyć, czy " -"`From` jest zaimplementowane dla pary typów, które sprawdzasz." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:1 -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:3 -msgid "Arrays and `for` Loops" -msgstr "Tablice i pętle `for`" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:3 -msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:" -msgstr "Widzieliśmy, że tablicę można zadeklarować w następujący sposób:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:9 -msgid "" -"You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with `{:?}" -"`:" -msgstr "" -"Możesz wydrukować taką tablicę, prosząc o jej reprezentację debugowania za " -"pomocą `{:?}`:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:11 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" -" println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" -" println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:18 -msgid "" -"Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for` " -"keyword:" -msgstr "" -"Rust pozwala iterować po takich rzeczach, jak tablice i zakresy, używając " -"słowa kluczowego `for`:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:21 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" -" print!(\"Iterating over array:\");\n" -" for n in &array {\n" -" print!(\" {n}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!();\n" -"\n" -" print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n" -" for i in 0..3 {\n" -" print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n" -" }\n" -" println!();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" -" print!(\"Iterowanie po tablicy:\");\n" -" for n in array {\n" -" print!(\" {n}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!();\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:38 -msgid "" -"Use the above to write a function `pretty_print` which pretty-print a matrix " -"and a function `transpose` which will transpose a matrix (turn rows into " -"columns):" -msgstr "" -"Użyj powyższego, aby napisać funkcję `pretty_print`, która ładnie drukuje " -"macierz i funkcję `transpose`, która transponuje macierz (zamienia wiersze " -"na kolumny):" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:41 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n" -"\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n" -" ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n" -"\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n" -" ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:47 -msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices." -msgstr "Zakoduj na stałe obie funkcje, aby działały na macierzach 3 × 3." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:49 -msgid "" -"Copy the code below to and implement the " -"functions:" -msgstr "" -"Skopiuj poniższy kod do i zaimplementuj " -"funkcje:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:52 -msgid "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let matrix = [\n" -" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" -" [201, 202, 203],\n" -" [301, 302, 303],\n" -" ];\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"matrix:\");\n" -" pretty_print(&matrix);\n" -"\n" -" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" -" println!(\"transposed:\");\n" -" pretty_print(&transposed);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:80 -msgid "Bonus Question" -msgstr "Dodatkowe pytanie" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:82 -msgid "" -"Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for your " -"argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-dimensional " -"slice-of-slices. Why or why not?" -msgstr "" -"Czy mógłbyś użyć wycinków `&[i32]` zamiast zakodowanych na stałe macierzy 3 " -"× 3 dla typów argumentów i typów zwracanych? Coś w stylu `&[&[i32]]` dla " -"dwuwymiarowych wycinków-wycinków. Dlaczego tak lub dlaczego nie?" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:87 -msgid "" -"See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production quality " -"implementation." -msgstr "" -"Zobacz [skrzynię `ndarray`](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) dla implementacji " -"produkcyjnej jakości." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:92 -msgid "" -"The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the " -"[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section." -msgstr "" -"Rozwiązanie i odpowiedź do sekcji bonusowej są dostępne w sekcji " -"[Rozwiązanie](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:95 -msgid "" -"The use of the reference `&array` within `for n in &array` is a subtle " -"preview of issues of ownership that will come later in the afternoon." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:98 -msgid "Without the `&`..." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:99 -msgid "" -"The loop would have been one that consumes the array. This is a change " -"[introduced in the 2021 Edition](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/" -"rust-2021/IntoIterator-for-arrays.html)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:102 -msgid "" -"An implicit array copy would have occured. Since `i32` is a copy type, then " -"`[i32; 3]` is also a copy type." -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to conditionally " -"evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value which then " -"becomes the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow expressions " -"work similarly in Rust." -msgstr "" -"Jak widzieliśmy, `if` jest wyrażeniem w Rust. Służy do warunkowego ocenić " -"jeden z dwóch bloków, ale bloki mogą mieć wartość, która następnie staje się " -"wartość wyrażenia `if`. Inne wyrażenia przepływu sterowania działają " -"podobnie w Ruście." - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"A block in Rust contains a sequence of expressions. Each block has a value " -"and a type, which are those of the last expression of the block:" -msgstr "Blok w Rust ma wartość i typ: wartość jest ostatnim wyrażeniem blok:" - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = {\n" -" let y = 10;\n" -" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" -" let z = {\n" -" let w = {\n" -" 3 + 4\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n" -" y * w\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n" -" z - y\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md +msgid "`&str` - a read-only string. String literals have this type." msgstr "" -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:26 -msgid "" -"If the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is " -"`()`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:28 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is the " -"return value:" -msgstr "" -"Ta sama reguła jest używana dla funkcji: wartością ciała funkcji jest " -"zwracana wartość:" - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:31 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n" -" x + x\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"doubled: {}\", double(7));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n" -" println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:43 src/enums.md:34 src/enums/sizes.md:28 -#: src/pattern-matching.md:25 src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:22 -#: src/structs.md:31 src/methods.md:30 src/methods/example.md:46 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Key Points:" -msgstr "Kluczowe punkty:" - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:44 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in " -"Rust. " -msgstr "Celem tego slajdu jest pokazanie, że bloki mają typ i wartość w Rust." - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:45 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in " -"the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`." -msgstr "" -"Możesz pokazać, jak zmienia się wartość bloku, zmieniając ostatnią linię w " -"bloku. Na przykład dodanie/usunięcie średnika lub użycie zwrotu." - -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`if` expressions" -msgstr "wyrażenia `jeśli`" - -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:3 -msgid "" -"You use [`if` expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" -"if-expr.html#if-expressions) exactly like `if` statements in other languages:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x = 10;\n" -" if x % 2 == 0 {\n" -" x = x / 2;\n" -" } else {\n" -" x = 3 * x + 1;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md +msgid "\"Greetings\"" msgstr "" -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:18 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each " -"block becomes the value of the `if` expression:" -msgstr "Ponadto możesz użyć go jako wyrażenia. Robi to samo, co powyżej:" - -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:22 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x = 10;\n" -" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" -" x / 2\n" -" } else {\n" -" 3 * x + 1\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md +msgid "\"🪐\"" msgstr "" -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:35 -msgid "" -"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its " -"branch blocks must have the same type. Consider showing what happens if you " -"add `;` after `x / 2` in the second example." +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md +msgid "\", \"" msgstr "" -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`for` loops" -msgstr "Pętle `for`" - -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) is closely " -"related to the [`while let` loop](while-let-expressions.md). It will " -"automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate over it:" +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md +msgid "\"final sentence: {}\"" msgstr "" -"Wyrażenie `for` jest blisko spokrewnione z wyrażeniem `while let`. To będzie " -"automatycznie wywołaj `into_iter()` na wyrażeniu, a następnie wykonaj " -"iterację:" -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:7 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -"\n" -" for x in v {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" }\n" -" \n" -" for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n" -" println!(\"i: {i}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md src/async/control-flow/join.md +msgid "\"{:?}\"" msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" -" vec.push(30);\n" -" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[vec.len() / 2]);\n" -" for item in vec.iter() {\n" -" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:21 -#, fuzzy -msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual." -msgstr "Możesz użyć `break` i `continue` tutaj jak zwykle." -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:25 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case." +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md +msgid "//println!(\"{:?}\", &sentence[12..13]);\n" msgstr "" -"Iteracja indeksu nie jest specjalną składnią w Rust tylko w tym przypadku." -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:26 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. " -msgstr "`(0..10)` to zakres implementujący cechę `Iterator`." - -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:27 -#, fuzzy +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "" -"`step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every other " -"element. " +"This slide introduces strings. Everything here will be covered in more depth " +"later, but this is enough for subsequent slides and exercises to use strings." msgstr "" -"`step_by` to metoda, która zwraca kolejny `Iterator`, który pomija każdy " -"inny element." -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:28 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change " -"vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`." +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md +msgid "Invalid UTF-8 in a string is UB, and this not allowed in safe Rust." msgstr "" -"Zmodyfikuj elementy wektora i wyjaśnij błędy kompilatora. Zmień wektor `v` " -"na zmienny, a pętlę for na `for x w v.iter_mut()`." - -#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`while` loops" -msgstr "Wyrażenia `while`" - -#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-" -"expr.html#predicate-loops) works very similar to other languages:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x = 10;\n" -" while x != 1 {\n" -" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" -" x / 2\n" -" } else {\n" -" 3 * x + 1\n" -" };\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`break` and `continue`" -msgstr "`przerwij` i `kontynuuj`" - -#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:3 -msgid "" -"If you want to exit a loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions)," -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:4 -msgid "" -"If you want to immediately start the next iteration use [`continue`](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:7 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is " -"used to break out of nested loops:" -msgstr "" -"Jeśli chcesz wyjść z pętli wcześniej, użyj `break`, jeśli chcesz natychmiast " -"rozpocząć w następnej iteracji użyj polecenia „kontynuuj”. Zarówno " -"`continue`, jak i `break` mogą opcjonalnie weź argument etykiety, który " -"służy do wyrwania się z zagnieżdżonych pętli:" - -#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:10 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" -" 'outer: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" let mut i = 0;\n" -" while i < x {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n" -" i += 1;\n" -" if i == 3 {\n" -" break 'outer;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:28 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop." -msgstr "" -"W tym przypadku przerywamy zewnętrzną pętlę po 3 iteracjach wewnętrznej " -"pętli." - -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`loop` expressions" -msgstr "wyrażenia `pętli`" - -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:3 -msgid "" -"Finally, there is a [`loop` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/" -"expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) which creates an endless loop." -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Here you must either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:" -msgstr "" -"Wreszcie istnieje słowo kluczowe `loop`, które tworzy nieskończoną pętlę. " -"Tutaj musisz albo `break` albo `return`, aby zatrzymać pętlę:" - -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x = 10;\n" -" loop {\n" -" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" -" x / 2\n" -" } else {\n" -" 3 * x + 1\n" -" };\n" -" if x == 1 {\n" -" break;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:27 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out." -msgstr "Przerwij `pętlę` wartością (np. `break 8`) i wypisz ją." -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:28 +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "" -"Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which returns a non-trivial " -"value. This is because it's guaranteed to be entered at least once (unlike " -"`while` and `for` loops)." +"`String` is a user-defined type with a constructor (`::new()`) and methods " +"like `s.push_str(..)`." msgstr "" -#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:3 +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "" -"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are immutable " -"by default:" +"The `&` in `&str` indicates that this is a reference. We will cover " +"references later, so for now just think of `&str` as a unit meaning \"a read-" +"only string\"." msgstr "" -"Rust zapewnia bezpieczeństwo typów dzięki statycznemu typowaniu. Wiązania " -"zmiennych są domyślnie niezmienne:" -#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:6 +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x: i32 = 10;\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" // x = 20;\n" -" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"The commented-out line is indexing into the string by byte position. " +"`12..13` does not end on a character boundary, so the program panics. Adjust " +"it to a range that does, based on the error message." msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x: i32 = 10;\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" // x = 20;\n" -" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:17 +#: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "" -"Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the " -"types less and less as the course progresses." +"Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: " +"`r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal " +"amount of `#` on either side of the quotes:" msgstr "" -"Ze względu na wnioskowanie o typie `i32` jest opcjonalne. Stopniowo będziemy " -"pokazywać mniej typów w miarę postępów w kursie." -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:3 +#: src/types-and-values/inference.md msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:" msgstr "" "Rust sprawdzi, w jaki sposób zmienna jest _używana_ do określenia typu:" -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n" -" println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n" -" println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = 10;\n" -" let y = 20;\n" -"\n" -" takes_u32(x);\n" -" takes_i8(y);\n" -" // takes_u32(y);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:26 +#: src/types-and-values/inference.md msgid "" "This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on " "constraints given by variable declarations and usages." @@ -4546,7 +3169,7 @@ msgstr "" "Ten slajd pokazuje, w jaki sposób kompilator Rusta wnioskuje o typach na " "podstawie ograniczeń nałożonych przez deklaracje i zastosowania zmiennych." -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:28 +#: src/types-and-values/inference.md msgid "" "It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not " "of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can hold any data. The machine " @@ -4560,263 +3183,304 @@ msgstr "" "deklaracją typu. Kompilator wykonuje to za nas i pomaga nam pisać bardziej " "zwięzły kod." -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:32 +#: src/types-and-values/inference.md msgid "" -"The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic " -"container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, " -"using `_` as a placeholder:" +"When nothing constrains the type of an integer literal, Rust defaults to " +"`i32`. This sometimes appears as `{integer}` in error messages. Similarly, " +"floating-point literals default to `f64`." msgstr "" -"Poniższy kod mówi kompilatorowi, aby skopiował do pewnego ogólnego kontenera " -"bez jawnego określania typu zawartego w kodzie, używając `_` jako symbolu " -"zastępczego:" -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:34 +#: src/types-and-values/inference.md +msgid "// ERROR: no implementation for `{float} == {integer}`\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md +msgid "" +"The first and second Fibonacci numbers are both `1`. For n>2, the n'th " +"Fibonacci number is calculated recursively as the sum of the n-1'th and " +"n-2'th Fibonacci numbers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md +msgid "" +"Write a function `fib(n)` that calculates the n'th Fibonacci number. When " +"will this function panic?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md +msgid "// The base case.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"Implement this\"" +msgstr "Implementacja" + +#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md +msgid "// The recursive case.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md src/types-and-values/solution.md +msgid "\"fib(n) = {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics.md +msgid "[Conditionals](./control-flow-basics/conditionals.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics.md +msgid "[Loops](./control-flow-basics/loops.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics.md +msgid "" +"[break and continue](./control-flow-basics/break-continue.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics.md +msgid "" +"[Blocks and Scopes](./control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics.md +msgid "[Functions](./control-flow-basics/functions.md) (3 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics.md +msgid "[Macros](./control-flow-basics/macros.md) (2 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics.md +msgid "" +"[Exercise: Collatz Sequence](./control-flow-basics/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md src/borrowing.md +msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:" +msgstr "Większość składni Rusta będzie Ci znana z C, C++ lub Javy:" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces." +msgstr "Bloki i zakresy są oddzielone nawiasami klamrowymi." + +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +msgid "" +"Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/* ... " +"*/`." +msgstr "" +"Komentarze wierszowe rozpoczynają się od `//`, komentarze blokowe są " +"rozdzielane przez `/*... */`." + +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +msgid "Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same." +msgstr "Słowa kluczowe, takie jak `if` i `while`, działają tak samo." + +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +msgid "Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`." +msgstr "" +"Przypisanie zmiennej odbywa się za pomocą `=`, porównanie za pomocą `==`." + +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`if` expressions" +msgstr "wyrażenia `jeśli`" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +msgid "" +"You use [`if` expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" +"if-expr.html#if-expressions) exactly like `if` statements in other languages:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +msgid "\"small\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +msgid "\"biggish\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +msgid "\"huge\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut v = Vec::new();\n" -" v.push((10, false));\n" -" v.push((20, true));\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let vv = v.iter().collect::>();\n" -" println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut v = Vec::new();\n" -" v.push((10, false));\n" -" v.push((20, true));\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -"```" +"In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each " +"block becomes the value of the `if` expression:" +msgstr "Ponadto możesz użyć go jako wyrażenia. Robi to samo, co powyżej:" -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:46 +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +msgid "\"large\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +msgid "\"number size: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +msgid "" +"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its " +"branch blocks must have the same type. Show what happens if you add `;` " +"after `\"small\"` in the second example." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md +msgid "" +"When `if` is used in an expression, the expression must have a `;` to " +"separate it from the next statement. Remove the `;` before `println!` to see " +"the compiler error." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md +msgid "There are three looping keywords in Rust: `while`, `loop`, and `for`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`while`" +msgstr "Wyrażenia `while`" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator." -"html#method.collect) relies on [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), which [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang." -"org/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-" -"HashSet%3CT,+S%3E) implements." +"The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-" +"expr.html#predicate-loops) works much like in other languages, executing the " +"loop body as long as the condition is true." msgstr "" -"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator." -"html#method.collect) polega na `FromIterator`, który \\[`HashSet`\\]" -"(https:/ /doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) implementuje." +"Podobnie jak w przypadku `if`, istnieje wariant `while let`, który " +"wielokrotnie sprawdza wartość wbrew wzorowi:" -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:1 -msgid "Static and Constant Variables" -msgstr "Zmienne statyczne i stałe" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:3 -msgid "" -"Static and constant variables are two different ways to create globally-" -"scoped values that cannot be moved or reallocated during the execution of " -"the program. " +#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md +msgid "\"Final x: {x}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:6 -msgid "`const`" -msgstr "`const`" +#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`for`" +msgstr "Pętle `for`" -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:8 -msgid "" -"Constant variables are evaluated at compile time and their values are " -"inlined wherever they are used:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:11 +#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = 3;\n" -"const ZERO: Option = Some(42);\n" -"\n" -"fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> [u8; DIGEST_SIZE] {\n" -" let mut digest = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE];\n" -" for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n" -" digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE] = digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE]." -"wrapping_add(b);\n" -" }\n" -" digest\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\");\n" -" println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) iterates " +"over ranges of values:" msgstr "" -"fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> \\[u8; DIGEST_SIZE\\] { let mut digest = " -"\\[ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE\\]; for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes()." -"iter().enumerate() { digest\\[idx % DIGEST_SIZE\\] = digest\\[idx % " -"DIGEST_SIZE\\].wrapping_add(b); } digest }" +"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) używane do " +"definiowania destruktorów." -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:29 +#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md +msgid "`loop`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"According to the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" -"vs-static.html) these are inlined upon use." +"The [`loop` statement](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.loop.html) just " +"loops forever, until a `break`." msgstr "" -"Zgodnie z [książką Rust RFC](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-" -"static.html) są one wstawiane podczas użycia." +"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) używane do " +"definiowania destruktorów." -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:31 +#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md +msgid "\"{i}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md msgid "" -"Only functions marked `const` can be called at compile time to generate " -"`const` values. `const` functions can however be called at runtime." +"We will discuss iteration later; for now, just stick to range expressions." msgstr "" -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:33 -msgid "`static`" -msgstr "`static`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:35 +#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md msgid "" -"Static variables will live during the whole execution of the program, and " -"therefore will not move:" +"Note that the `for` loop only iterates to `4`. Show the `1..=5` syntax for " +"an inclusive range." msgstr "" -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:37 +#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md +msgid "" +"If you want to exit any kind of loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-" +"lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions). For " +"`loop`, this can take an optional expression that becomes the value of the " +"`loop` expression." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md +msgid "" +"If you want to immediately start the next iteration use [`continue`](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md +msgid "\"{result}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is " +"used to break out of nested loops:" msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"static BANNER: &str = \"Witamy w RustOS 3.14\";\n" -"```" +"Jeśli chcesz wyjść z pętli wcześniej, użyj `break`, jeśli chcesz natychmiast " +"rozpocząć w następnej iteracji użyj polecenia „kontynuuj”. Zarówno " +"`continue`, jak i `break` mogą opcjonalnie weź argument etykiety, który " +"służy do wyrwania się z zagnieżdżonych pętli:" -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:45 +#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md +msgid "\"x: {x}, i: {i}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" -"vs-static.html), these are not inlined upon use and have an actual " -"associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, " -"and the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution. When a " -"globally-scoped value does not have a reason to need object identity, " -"`const` is generally preferred." +"In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop." msgstr "" -"Jak zauważono w [książce Rust RFC](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-" -"const-vs-static.html), nie są one wstawiane podczas użycia i mają " -"rzeczywistą powiązaną lokalizację pamięci. Jest to przydatne w przypadku " -"niebezpiecznego i osadzonego kodu, a zmienna żyje przez całe wykonanie " -"programu." +"W tym przypadku przerywamy zewnętrzną pętlę po 3 iteracjach wewnętrznej " +"pętli." -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:49 +#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md msgid "" -"Because `static` variables are accessible from any thread, they must be " -"`Sync`. Interior mutability is possible through a [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-" -"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atomic or similar. It is also possible " -"to have mutable statics, but they require manual synchronisation so any " -"access to them requires `unsafe` code. We will look at [mutable statics](../" -"unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md) in the chapter on Unsafe Rust." +"Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which returns a non-trivial " +"value. This is because it's guaranteed to be entered at least once (unlike " +"`while` and `for` loops)." msgstr "" -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:57 -msgid "Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`." -msgstr "" -"Wspomnij, że `const` zachowuje się semantycznie podobnie do `constexpr` C++." +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md +msgid "Blocks" +msgstr "Bloki" -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:58 -msgid "" -"`static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable " -"global variable in C++." -msgstr "" -"Z drugiej strony `static` jest znacznie bardziej podobny do `const` lub " -"mutowalnej zmiennej globalnej w C++." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:59 -msgid "" -"`static` provides object identity: an address in memory and state as " -"required by types with interior mutability such as `Mutex`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:60 -msgid "" -"It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but " -"it is helpful and safer than using a static." -msgstr "" -"Nie jest bardzo powszechne, że ktoś potrzebowałby stałej wyliczanej w czasie " -"wykonywania, ale jest to pomocne i bezpieczniejsze niż używanie zmiennej " -"statycznej." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:61 -msgid "`thread_local` data can be created with the macro `std::thread_local`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:63 -msgid "Properties table:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 -msgid "Property" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Static" -msgstr "`static`" +msgid "" +"A block in Rust contains a sequence of expressions, enclosed by braces `{}`. " +"Each block has a value and a type, which are those of the last expression of " +"the block:" +msgstr "Blok w Rust ma wartość i typ: wartość jest ostatnim wyrażeniem blok:" -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 -msgid "Constant" +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md +msgid "\"y: {y}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 -msgid "Has an address in memory" +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md +msgid "" +"If the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is " +"`()`." msgstr "" -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 -msgid "Yes" +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md +msgid "Scopes and Shadowing" +msgstr "Zakresy i przesłanianie" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md +msgid "A variable's scope is limited to the enclosing block." msgstr "" -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 -msgid "No (inlined)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Lives for the entire duration of the program" -msgstr "Funkcja `main` jest punktem wejścia programu." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 -msgid "No" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 -msgid "Can be mutable" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 -msgid "Yes (unsafe)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Evaluated at compile time" -msgstr "Wartości mają stałe rozmiary znane w czasie kompilacji." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 -msgid "Yes (initialised at compile time)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 -msgid "Inlined wherever it is used" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:3 +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md msgid "" "You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from " "the same scope:" @@ -4824,51 +3488,59 @@ msgstr "" "Możesz przesłaniać zmienne, zarówno te z zakresów zewnętrznych, jak i " "zmienne z tego samego zakresu:" -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:6 +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md +msgid "\"before: {a}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md src/std-traits/from-and-into.md +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "\"hello\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md +msgid "\"inner scope: {a}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md +msgid "\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md +msgid "\"after: {a}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = 10;\n" -" println!(\"before: {a}\");\n" -"\n" -" {\n" -" let a = \"hello\";\n" -" println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");\n" -"\n" -" let a = true;\n" -" println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"after: {a}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in " +"the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`." msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" -" print!(\"Iterowanie po tablicy:\");\n" -" for n in array {\n" -" print!(\" {n}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!();\n" -"```" +"Możesz pokazać, jak zmienia się wartość bloku, zmieniając ostatnią linię w " +"bloku. Na przykład dodanie/usunięcie średnika lub użycie zwrotu." -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:25 +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md msgid "" -"Definition: Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing " -"both variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available " -"under the same name, depending where you use it in the code. " +"Show that a variable's scope is limited by adding a `b` in the inner block " +"in the last example, and then trying to access it outside that block." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing both " +"variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available under " +"the same name, depending where you use it in the code." msgstr "" "Definicja: Przesłanianie różni się od mutacji, ponieważ po przesłanianiu " "obie lokalizacje pamięci istnieją w tym samym czasie. Obie są dostępne pod " "tą samą nazwą, w zależności od tego, gdzie używasz ich w kodzie." -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:26 -msgid "A shadowing variable can have a different type. " +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "A shadowing variable can have a different type." msgstr "Zmienna przesłaniająca może mieć inny typ." -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:27 +#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md msgid "" "Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values " "after `.unwrap()`." @@ -4876,760 +3548,576 @@ msgstr "" "Przesłanianie na pierwszy rzut oka wygląda niejasno, ale jest wygodne do " "trzymania wartości po `.unwrap()`." -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:28 +#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md msgid "" -"The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse memory " -"locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if the type " -"does not change." +"Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some " +"programming languages), then a return type." msgstr "" -"Poniższy kod ilustruje, dlaczego kompilator nie może po prostu ponownie użyć " -"lokalizacji pamięci podczas przesłaniania niemutowalnej zmiennej w zakresie, " -"nawet jeśli typ się nie zmienia." +"Deklarowane parametry są poprzedzają typ (na odwrót w porównaniu do " +"niektórych języków programowania), potem zwracany typ." -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:30 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = 1;\n" -" let b = &a;\n" -" let a = a + 1;\n" -" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = 1;\n" -" let b = &a;\n" -" let a = a + 1;\n" -" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/enums.md:3 +#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few different " -"variants:" +"The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return " +"value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression. The `return` " +"keyword can be used for early return, but the \"bare value\" form is " +"idiomatic at the end of a function (refactor `gcd` to use a `return`)." msgstr "" -"Słowo kluczowe `enum` pozwala na utworzenie typu, który ma kilka różne " -"warianty:" +"Ostatnie wyrażenie w ciele funkcji (lub bloku) staje się zwracaną wartością. " +"Wystarczy pominąć `;` na końcu wyrażenia." -#: src/enums.md:6 +#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n" -" // Implementation based on https://xkcd.com/221/\n" -" 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"enum CoinFlip {\n" -" Heads,\n" -" Tails,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n" -" let random_number = generate_random_number();\n" -" if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n" -" return CoinFlip::Heads;\n" -" } else {\n" -" return CoinFlip::Tails;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The " +"compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted." msgstr "" +"Niektóre funkcje nie zwracają wartości, ich zwracany typ to 'typ " +"jednostkowy', `()`. Kompilator to wywnioskuje jeżeli `-> ()` jest pominięte." -#: src/enums.md:36 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type" -msgstr "Wyliczenia umożliwiają zebranie zestawu wartości w ramach jednego typu" - -#: src/enums.md:37 +#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and " -"`Tails`. You might note the namespace when using variants." +"Overloading is not supported -- each function has a single implementation." +msgstr "Każda funkcja ma jedną implementację:" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md +msgid "" +"Always takes a fixed number of parameters. Default arguments are not " +"supported. Macros can be used to support variadic functions." msgstr "" -"Ta strona oferuje typ wyliczeniowy `CoinFlip` z dwoma wariantami `Heads` i " -"`Tail`. Podczas używania wariantów możesz zwrócić uwagę na przestrzeń nazw." -#: src/enums.md:38 -#, fuzzy -msgid "This might be a good time to compare Structs and Enums:" -msgstr "To może być dobry moment na porównanie Structs i Enums:" - -#: src/enums.md:39 +#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one " -"with different types of fields (variant payloads). " +"Always takes a single set of parameter types. These types can be generic, " +"which will be covered later." +msgstr "Zawsze przyjmuje jeden zestaw typów parametrów." + +#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md +msgid "" +"Macros are expanded into Rust code during compilation, and can take a " +"variable number of arguments. They are distinguished by a `!` at the end. " +"The Rust standard library includes an assortment of useful macros." msgstr "" -"W obu przypadkach możesz mieć prostą wersję bez pól (struktura jednostek) " -"lub wersję z różnymi typami pól (wariantowe ładunki)." -#: src/enums.md:40 -#, fuzzy -msgid "In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block." -msgstr "W obu przypadkach powiązane funkcje są zdefiniowane w bloku `impl`." - -#: src/enums.md:41 +#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate " -"structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were " -"all defined in an enum. " +"`println!(format, ..)` prints a line to standard output, applying formatting " +"described in [`std::fmt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html)." msgstr "" -"Można nawet zaimplementować różne warianty wyliczenia z osobnymi " -"strukturami, ale wtedy nie byłyby one tego samego typu, co gdyby wszystkie " -"były zdefiniowane w wyliczeniu." +"Przeciążanie operatora jest realizowane poprzez cechy w [`std::ops`](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):" -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:3 +#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md +msgid "" +"`format!(format, ..)` works just like `println!` but returns the result as a " +"string." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md +msgid "`dbg!(expression)` logs the value of the expression and returns it." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md +msgid "" +"`todo!()` marks a bit of code as not-yet-implemented. If executed, it will " +"panic." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md +msgid "" +"`unreachable!()` marks a bit of code as unreachable. If executed, it will " +"panic." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md +msgid "\"{n}! = {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md +msgid "" +"The takeaway from this section is that these common conveniences exist, and " +"how to use them. Why they are defined as macros, and what they expand to, is " +"not especially critical." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md +msgid "" +"The course does not cover defining macros, but a later section will describe " +"use of derive macros." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "" +"The [Collatz Sequence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture) is " +"defined as follows, for an arbitrary n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "1" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid " greater than zero:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "If _n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "i" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "_ is 1, then the sequence terminates at _n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "_." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "_ is even, then _n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "i+1" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid " = n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid " / 2_." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "_ is odd, then _n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid " = 3 * n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid " + 1_." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "For example, beginning with _n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "_ = 3:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "3 is odd, so _n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "2" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "_ = 3 * 3 + 1 = 10;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "10 is even, so _n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md +msgid "3" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "_ = 10 / 2 = 5;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "5 is odd, so _n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md +msgid "4" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "_ = 3 * 5 + 1 = 16;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "16 is even, so _n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "5" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "_ = 16 / 2 = 8;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "8 is even, so _n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md +msgid "6" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "_ = 8 / 2 = 4;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "4 is even, so _n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "7" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "_ = 4 / 2 = 2;" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "2 is even, so _n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md +msgid "8" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "_ = 1; and" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "the sequence terminates." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md +msgid "" +"Write a function to calculate the length of the collatz sequence for a given " +"initial `n`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/control-flow-basics/solution.md +msgid "/// Determine the length of the collatz sequence beginning at `n`.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow-basics/solution.md src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md +msgid "\"Length: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md +#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Welcome Back" +msgstr "Witamy" + +#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md +msgid "[Tuples and Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays.md) (1 hour)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md +msgid "[References](./references.md) (50 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md +msgid "[User-Defined Types](./user-defined-types.md) (50 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md +msgid "" +"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 55 " +"minutes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "" +"[Tuples and Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "[Array Iteration](./tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md) (3 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "[Pattern Matching](./tuples-and-arrays/match.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "[Destructuring](./tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "[Exercise: Nested Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "" +"Tuples and arrays are the first \"compound\" types we have seen. All " +"elements of an array have the same type, while tuples can accommodate " +"different types. Both types have a size fixed at compile time." +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "Arrays" +msgstr "Tablice" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "`[T; N]`" +msgstr "`[T; N]`" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`" +msgstr "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "Tuples" +msgstr "Krotki" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..." +msgstr "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..." + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..." +msgstr "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..." + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "Array assignment and access:" +msgstr "Przypisanie i dostęp do tablicy:" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "Tuple assignment and access:" +msgstr "Przypisanie i dostęp do krotki:" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "Arrays:" +msgstr "Tablice:" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then use " -"the `match` statement to extract the data from each variant:" +"A value of the array type `[T; N]` holds `N` (a compile-time constant) " +"elements of the same type `T`. Note that the length of the array is _part of " +"its type_, which means that `[u8; 3]` and `[u8; 4]` are considered two " +"different types. Slices, which have a size determined at runtime, are " +"covered later." msgstr "" -"Możesz zdefiniować bogatsze wyliczenia, w których warianty zawierają dane. " -"Możesz wtedy użyć tzw Instrukcja `match` w celu wyodrębnienia danych z " -"każdego wariantu:" +"Tablice mają elementy tego samego typu, `T`, i długość, `N`, która jest " +"stałą czasu kompilacji. Zauważ, że długość tablicy to _część jej typu_, to " +"znaczy, że `[u8; 3]` i `[u8; 4]` to dwa różne typy." -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:6 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"enum WebEvent {\n" -" PageLoad, // Variant without payload\n" -" KeyPress(char), // Tuple struct variant\n" -" Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n" -" match event {\n" -" WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n" -" WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n" -" WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n" -" let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n" -" let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };\n" -"\n" -" inspect(load);\n" -" inspect(press);\n" -" inspect(click);\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"Try accessing an out-of-bounds array element. Array accesses are checked at " +"runtime. Rust can usually optimize these checks away, and they can be " +"avoided using unsafe Rust." msgstr "" -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:35 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "We can use literals to assign values to arrays." +msgstr "Możemy użyć literałów do przypisania wartości do tablic." + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern " -"matched. The pattern binds references to the fields in the \"match arm\" " -"after the `=>`." +"The `println!` macro asks for the debug implementation with the `?` format " +"parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug output. " +"Types such as integers and strings implement the default output, but arrays " +"only implement the debug output. This means that we must use debug output " +"here." msgstr "" -"Dostęp do wartości w wariantach enum można uzyskać dopiero po dopasowaniu do " -"wzorca. Wzorzec wiąże odniesienia do pól w „ramię dopasowania” po `=>`." +"W funkcji main instrukcja print pyta o implementację do debugowania za " +"pomocą parametru formatowania `?`: `{}` daje domyślne wyjście, `{:?}` daje " +"wyjście do debugowania. Mogliśmy również użyć `{a}` i `{a:?}` bez określania " +"wartości po łańcuchu formatującym." -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:36 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "" +"Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be " +"easier to read." +msgstr "" +"Dodanie `#`, np. `{a:#?}`, wywołuje format \"ładnego druku\", który może być " +"łatwiejszy do odczytania." + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "Tuples:" +msgstr "Krotki:" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length." +msgstr "Podobnie jak tablice, krotki mają stałą długość." + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type." +msgstr "Krotki grupują wartości różnych typów w typ złożony." + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md +msgid "" +"Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, " +"e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`." +msgstr "" +"Dostęp do pól krotki można uzyskać po kropce i indeksie wartości, np. `t.0`, " +"`t.1`." + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There is " -"no fall-through like in C or C++." +"The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, " +"and the only valid value of that type --- that is to say both the type and " +"its value are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a " +"function or expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide." msgstr "" -"Wyrażenia są dopasowywane do wzorców od góry do dołu. Nie ma spadku, jak w C " -"lub C++." +"Pusta krotka `()` jest również znana jako \"typ jednostkowy\". Jest to " +"zarówno typ, jak i jedyna poprawna wartość tego typu — to znaczy zarówno " +"typ, jak i jego wartość są wyrażone jako `()`. Służy do wskazania, na " +"przykład, że funkcja lub wyrażenie nie zwraca żadnej wartości, co zobaczymy " +"na kolejnym slajdzie." -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:37 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in the " -"match arm which was executed." +"You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other " +"programming languages." msgstr "" -"Wyrażenie dopasowania ma wartość. Wartość to ostatnie wyrażenie w ramieniu " -"dopasowania, które zostało wykonane." +"Możesz myśleć o tym jako o „pustce” (ang. `void`), która może być ci znana z " +"innych języków programowania." -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:38 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md +msgid "The `for` statement supports iterating over arrays (but not tuples)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md +msgid "" +"This functionality uses the `IntoIterator` trait, but we haven't covered " +"that yet." +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md +msgid "" +"The `assert_ne!` macro is new here. There are also `assert_eq!` and `assert!" +"` macros. These are always checked while, debug-only variants like " +"`debug_assert!` compile to nothing in release builds." +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then run " -"the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. " -msgstr "" -"Zaczynając od góry, szukamy wzoru pasującego do wartości, a następnie " -"uruchamiamy kod podążający za strzałką. Gdy znajdziemy dopasowanie, " -"zatrzymujemy się." - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:39 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage " -"the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are handled. " -msgstr "" -"Zademonstruj, co się dzieje, gdy wyszukiwanie jest niewyczerpujące. Zwróć " -"uwagę na zalety kompilatora Rusta, który potwierdza, kiedy wszystkie " -"przypadki są obsługiwane." - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:40 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`." -msgstr "`match` sprawdza ukryte pole dyskryminujące w `enum`." - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:41 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::" -"discriminant()`" -msgstr "" -"Możliwe jest odzyskanie wyróżnika przez wywołanie `std::mem::discriminant()`" - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:42 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs where " -"comparing field values doesn't affect equality." -msgstr "" -"Jest to przydatne na przykład przy implementacji `PartialEq` dla struktur, w " -"których porównywanie wartości pól nie wpływa na równość." - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:43 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::" -"Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined version " -"cannot implement traits, for example." -msgstr "" -"`WebEvent::Click { ... }` nie jest dokładnie tym samym co `WebEvent::" -"Click(Click)` z najwyższym poziomem `struct Click { ... }`. Wbudowana wersja " -"nie może na przykład implementować cech." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into " -"account:" -msgstr "" -"Wyliczenia Rust są ciasno upakowane, biorąc pod uwagę ograniczenia " -"wynikające z wyrównania:" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::any::type_name;\n" -"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n" -"\n" -"fn dbg_size() {\n" -" println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n" -" type_name::(), size_of::(), align_of::());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"enum Foo {\n" -" A,\n" -" B,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" dbg_size::();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:24 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout." -"html)." -msgstr "" -"Zobacz [Odniesienie do Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout." -"html)." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:30 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum " -"variant." -msgstr "" -"Wewnętrznie Rust używa pola (dyskryminacyjnego) do śledzenia wariantu enum." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:32 -msgid "" -"You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:34 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[repr(u32)]\n" -"enum Bar {\n" -" A, // 0\n" -" B = 10000,\n" -" C, // 10001\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n" -" println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n" -" println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:49 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2 " -"bytes." -msgstr "" -"Wyliczenie `Bar` pokazuje, że istnieje sposób kontrolowania wartości i typu " -"wyróżnika. Jeśli usunie się `repr`, typ dyskryminacyjny zajmuje 2 bajty, " -"ponieważ 10001 mieści 2 bajty." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:53 -msgid "Try out other types such as" -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:55 -msgid "`dbg_size!(bool)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes," -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:56 -msgid "" -"`dbg_size!(Option)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes (niche optimization, " -"see below)," -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:57 -msgid "`dbg_size!(&i32)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (on a 64-bit machine)," -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:58 -msgid "" -"`dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (null pointer " -"optimization, see below)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:60 -msgid "" -"Niche optimization: Rust will merge unused bit patterns for the enum " -"discriminant." -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:63 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Null pointer optimization: For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" -"option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::()` equals " -"`size_of::>()`." -msgstr "" -"Dla [niektórych typów](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/" -"#representation), Rust gwarantuje, że `size_of::()` równa się `size_of::" -" >()`." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:67 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation _may_ look " -"like in practice. It's important to note that the compiler provides no " -"guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe." -msgstr "" -"Przykładowy kod, jeśli chcesz pokazać, jak reprezentacja bitowa _może_ " -"wyglądać w praktyce. Należy zauważyć, że kompilator nie zapewnia żadnych " -"gwarancji dotyczących tej reprezentacji, dlatego jest to całkowicie " -"niebezpieczne." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:70 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::mem::transmute;\n" -"\n" -"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" -" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" -" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, " -"$bit_type>($e));\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" -" // representation of types.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::, u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option>\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(None::), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::>, u8);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:105 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain more " -"than 256 `Option`s together." -msgstr "" -"Bardziej złożony przykład, jeśli chcesz omówić, co się stanie, gdy połączymy " -"razem więcej niż 256 opcji." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:107 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n" -"\n" -"use std::mem::transmute;\n" -"\n" -"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" -" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" -" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, " -"$bit_type>($e));\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" " -"signs.\n" -"// Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n" -"macro_rules! many_options {\n" -" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n" -" ($value:expr, @) => {\n" -" Some(Some($value))\n" -" };\n" -" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n" -" many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" -" // representation of types.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n" -" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n" -" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), " -"Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's.\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's.\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's.\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/novel.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust has a few control flow constructs which differ from other languages. " -"They are used for pattern matching:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/novel.md:6 src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`if let` expressions" -msgstr "wyrażenia `if let`" - -#: src/control-flow/novel.md:7 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`while let` expressions" -msgstr "wyrażenia `while let`" - -#: src/control-flow/novel.md:8 src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`match` expressions" -msgstr "`dopasuj` wyrażenia" - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [`if let` expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-" -"expr.html#if-let-expressions) lets you execute different code depending on " -"whether a value matches a pattern:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let arg = std::env::args().next();\n" -" if let Some(value) = arg {\n" -" println!(\"Program name: {value}\");\n" -" } else {\n" -" println!(\"Missing name?\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:18 -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:21 -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:23 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"See [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) for more details on patterns " -"in Rust." -msgstr "" -"Zobacz [dopasowywanie wzorców](../pattern-matching.md), aby uzyskać więcej " -"informacji na temat wzorców w Rdza." - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:23 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not have to cover all branches. This can make " -"it more concise than `match`." -msgstr "" -"W przeciwieństwie do `match`, `if let` nie obsługuje klauzul ochronnych dla " -"dopasowywania wzorców." - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:24 -#, fuzzy -msgid "A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`." -msgstr "" -"Typowym zastosowaniem jest obsługa wartości `Some` podczas pracy z `Option`." - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:25 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching." -msgstr "" -"W przeciwieństwie do `match`, `if let` nie obsługuje klauzul ochronnych dla " -"dopasowywania wzorców." - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:26 -msgid "" -"Since 1.65, a similar [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/" -"flow_control/let_else.html) construct allows to do a destructuring " -"assignment, or if it fails, execute a block which is required to abort " -"normal control flow (with `panic`/`return`/`break`/`continue`):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:28 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", second_word_to_upper(\"foo bar\"));\n" -"}\n" -" \n" -"fn second_word_to_upper(s: &str) -> Option {\n" -" let mut it = s.split(' ');\n" -" let (Some(_), Some(item)) = (it.next(), it.next()) else {\n" -" return None;\n" -" };\n" -" Some(item.to_uppercase())\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`while let` loops" -msgstr "wyrażenia `while let`" - -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) variant which " -"repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:" -msgstr "" -"Podobnie jak w przypadku `if`, istnieje wariant `while let`, który " -"wielokrotnie sprawdza wartość wbrew wzorowi:" - -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" -"\n" -" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" -" vec.push(30);\n" -" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[vec.len() / 2]);\n" -" for item in vec.iter() {\n" -" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:17 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Here the iterator returned by `v.into_iter()` will return a `Option` on " -"every call to `next()`. It returns `Some(x)` until it is done, after which " -"it will return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through all " -"items." -msgstr "" -"Tutaj iterator zwrócony przez `v.iter()` zwróci `Option` przy każdym " -"wywołanie funkcji „następny()”. Zwraca `Some(x)` dopóki nie skończy, po czym " -"to zrobi zwróć „Brak”. Polecenie „while let” pozwala nam przeglądać " -"wszystkie elementy." - -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:26 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value " -"matches the pattern." -msgstr "" -"Zwróć uwagę, że pętla „while let” będzie działać tak długo, jak długo " -"wartość będzie pasować do wzorca." - -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:27 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if " -"statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `iter.next()`. " -"The `while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario." -msgstr "" -"Możesz przepisać pętlę `while let` jako pętlę nieskończoną z instrukcją if, " -"która przerywa działanie, gdy nie ma wartości do rozpakowania dla `iter." -"next()`. Opcja `while let` zapewnia cukier składniowy dla powyższego " -"scenariusza." - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The [`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/match-" -"expr.html) is used to match a value against one or more patterns. In that " -"sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:" -msgstr "" -"Słowo kluczowe `match` służy do dopasowania wartości do jednego lub więcej " -"wzorców. W w tym sensie działa jak seria wyrażeń „if let”:" - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n" -" Some(\"cat\") => println!(\"Will do cat things\"),\n" -" Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Will ls some files\"),\n" -" Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Let's move some files\"),\n" -" Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, dangerous!\"),\n" -" None => println!(\"Hmm, no program name?\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"Unknown program name!\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:20 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Like `if let`, each match arm must have the same type. The type is the last " -"expression of the block, if any. In the example above, the type is `()`." -msgstr "" -"Podobnie jak `if let`, każde ramię dopasowania musi być tego samego typu. " -"Typ jest ostatni wyrażenie bloku, jeśli istnieje. W powyższym przykładzie " -"typem jest `()`." - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:28 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Save the match expression to a variable and print it out." -msgstr "Zapisz wyrażenie dopasowania do zmiennej i wydrukuj je." - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:29 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error." -msgstr "Usuń `.as_deref()` i wyjaśnij błąd." - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:30 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option`, but we cannot match " -"against `String`." -msgstr "" -"`std::env::args().next()` zwraca `Option`, ale nie możemy dopasować " -"do `String`." - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:31 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`as_deref()` transforms an `Option` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our case, " -"this turns `Option` into `Option<&str>`." -msgstr "" -"`as_deref()` przekształca `Option` w `Option<&T::Target>`. W naszym " -"przypadku zmienia to `Option` w `Option<&str>`." - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:32 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside `Option`." -msgstr "" -"Możemy teraz użyć dopasowywania wzorców, aby dopasować się do `&str` " -"wewnątrz `Option`." - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The `match` keyword let you match a value against one or more _patterns_. " +"The `match` keyword lets you match a value against one or more _patterns_. " "The comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins." msgstr "" "Słowo kluczowe `match` pozwala dopasować wartość do jednego lub więcej " "_wzorców_. The porównania są wykonywane od góry do dołu, a pierwszy mecz " "wygrywa." -#: src/pattern-matching.md:6 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md #, fuzzy msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:" msgstr "Wzorce mogą być prostymi wartościami, podobnie jak `switch` w C i C++:" -#: src/pattern-matching.md:8 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md +msgid "'x'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md +msgid "'q'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md +msgid "\"Quitting\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md src/std-traits/solution.md +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "'a'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md +msgid "'s'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md +msgid "'w'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md +msgid "'d'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md +msgid "\"Moving around\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md src/error-handling/exercise.md +#: src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "'0'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md src/error-handling/exercise.md +#: src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "'9'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md +msgid "\"Number input\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md +msgid "\"Lowercase: {key}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md +msgid "\"Something else\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let input = 'x';\n" -"\n" -" match input {\n" -" 'q' => println!(\"Quitting\"),\n" -" 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n" -" '0'..='9' => println!(\"Number input\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"Something else\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value. The " +"expressions _must_ be irrefutable, meaning that it covers every possibility, " +"so `_` is often used as the final catch-all case." msgstr "" -#: src/pattern-matching.md:21 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md #, fuzzy -msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value." +msgid "" +"Match can be used as an expression. Just like `if`, each match arm must have " +"the same type. The type is the last expression of the block, if any. In the " +"example above, the type is `()`." msgstr "" -"Wzorzec `_` jest wzorcem wieloznacznym, który pasuje do dowolnej wartości." +"Podobnie jak `if let`, każde ramię dopasowania musi być tego samego typu. " +"Typ jest ostatni wyrażenie bloku, jeśli istnieje. W powyższym przykładzie " +"typem jest `()`." -#: src/pattern-matching.md:26 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md +msgid "" +"A variable in the pattern (`key` in this example) will create a binding that " +"can be used within the match arm." +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md +msgid "A match guard causes the arm to match only if the condition is true." +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Key Points:" +msgstr "Kluczowe punkty:" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a " @@ -5637,255 +4125,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Możesz wskazać, w jaki sposób niektóre określone znaki są używane we wzorcu" -#: src/pattern-matching.md:27 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md #, fuzzy msgid "`|` as an `or`" msgstr "`|` jako `lub`" -#: src/pattern-matching.md:28 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md #, fuzzy msgid "`..` can expand as much as it needs to be" msgstr "`..` może rozwinąć się tak bardzo, jak to konieczne" -#: src/pattern-matching.md:29 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md #, fuzzy msgid "`1..=5` represents an inclusive range" msgstr "`1..=5` reprezentuje zakres włącznie" -#: src/pattern-matching.md:30 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md #, fuzzy msgid "`_` is a wild card" msgstr "`_` to symbol wieloznaczny" -#: src/pattern-matching.md:31 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a " -"wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`." -msgstr "" -"Przydatne może być pokazanie, jak działa wiązanie, na przykład zastępując " -"symbol wieloznaczny zmienną lub usuwając cudzysłowy wokół `q`." - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:32 -#, fuzzy -msgid "You can demonstrate matching on a reference." -msgstr "Możesz zademonstrować dopasowanie na podstawie referencji." - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:33 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable patterns, " -"as the term can show up in error messages." -msgstr "" -"To może być dobry moment, aby przywołać koncepcję niepodważalnych wzorców, " -"ponieważ termin ten może pojawiać się w komunikatach o błędach." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is " -"how you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple " -"`enum` type:" -msgstr "" -"Wzorców można również używać do wiązania zmiennych z częściami wartości. Oto " -"jak sprawdzasz strukturę swoich typów. Zacznijmy od prostego typu `enum`:" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"enum Result {\n" -" Ok(i32),\n" -" Err(String),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n" -" if n % 2 == 0 {\n" -" Result::Ok(n / 2)\n" -" } else {\n" -" Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let n = 100;\n" -" match divide_in_two(n) {\n" -" Result::Ok(half) => println!(\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"),\n" -" Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:29 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first " -"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second " -"arm, `msg` is bound to the error message." -msgstr "" -"Tutaj użyliśmy ramion do _destrukturyzacji_ wartości `Result`. Na początku " -"arm, `half` jest powiązany z wartością wewnątrz wariantu `Ok`. W drugim " -"ramieniu `msg` jest powiązany z komunikatem o błędzie." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:36 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with " -"a `match`." -msgstr "" -"Wyrażenie `if`/`else` zwraca wyliczenie, które jest później rozpakowywane z " -"`match`." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:37 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the " -"errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is now " -"inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints." -msgstr "" -"Możesz spróbować dodać trzeci wariant do definicji enum i wyświetlić błędy " -"podczas uruchamiania kodu. Wskaż miejsca, w których Twój kod jest teraz " -"niewyczerpany i jak kompilator próbuje udzielić Ci wskazówek." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:" -msgstr "Możesz także zniszczyć `struktury`:" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Foo {\n" -" x: (u32, u32),\n" -" y: u32,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n" -" match foo {\n" -" Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n" -" Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n" -" Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, other fields were " -"ignored\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:23 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns." -msgstr "Zmień wartości literalne w `foo`, aby dopasować je do innych wzorców." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:24 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed." -msgstr "Dodaj nowe pole do `Foo` i w razie potrzeby wprowadź zmiany we wzorcu." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:25 -msgid "" -"The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard to " -"spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that it " -"subtly doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again." -msgstr "" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You can destructure arrays, tuples, and slices by matching on their elements:" -msgstr "Możesz niszczyć tablice, krotki i plasterki, dopasowując ich elementy:" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let triple = [0, -2, 3];\n" -" println!(\"Tell me about {triple:?}\");\n" -" match triple {\n" -" [0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" -" [1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:21 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of fixed " -"length." -msgstr "" -"Destrukturyzacja plasterków o nieznanej długości działa również z wzorami o " -"stałej długości." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:24 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n" -" inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n" -" println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n" -" match slice {\n" -" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" -" &[1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:41 -msgid "Create a new pattern using `_` to represent an element. " -msgstr "" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:42 -msgid "Add more values to the array." -msgstr "" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:43 -msgid "" -"Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of " -"elements." -msgstr "" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:44 -msgid "Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary " -"Boolean expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:" -msgstr "" -"Podczas dopasowywania możesz dodać _guard_ do wzoru. To jest dowolna wartość " -"logiczna wyrażenie, które zostanie wykonane, jeśli wzorzec pasuje:" - -#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let pair = (2, -2);\n" -" println!(\"Tell me about {pair:?}\");\n" -" match pair {\n" -" (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"These are twins\"),\n" -" (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n" -" (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"The first one is odd\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"No correlation...\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:23 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when " @@ -5896,7 +4156,7 @@ msgstr "" "chcemy zwięźle wyrazić bardziej złożone idee, niż pozwalają na to same " "wzorce." -#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:24 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. " @@ -5910,12 +4170,7 @@ msgstr "" "spowoduje powstania innych ramion oryginalnego wyrażenia „dopasuj”, które " "jest brane pod uwagę." -#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:26 -#, fuzzy -msgid "You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression." -msgstr "Możesz użyć zmiennych zdefiniowanych we wzorcu w swoim wyrażeniu if." - -#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:27 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern " @@ -5924,275 +4179,3392 @@ msgstr "" "Warunek zdefiniowany w strażniku dotyczy każdego wyrażenia we wzorcu ze " "znakiem `|`." -#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Day 1: Afternoon Exercises" -msgstr "Dzień 1: Ćwiczenia popołudniowe" +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "" +"Destructuring is a way of extracting data from a data structure by writing a " +"pattern that is matched up to the data structure, binding variables to " +"subcomponents of the data structure." +msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:3 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md #, fuzzy -msgid "We will look at two things:" -msgstr "Przyjrzymy się dwóm rzeczom:" +msgid "You can destructure tuples and arrays by matching on their elements:" +msgstr "Możesz niszczyć tablice, krotki i plasterki, dopasowując ich elementy:" -#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:5 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "\"on Y axis\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "\"on X axis\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "\"left of Y axis\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "\"below X axis\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "\"first quadrant\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "\"Tell me about {triple:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "\"All elements were ignored\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "Create a new array pattern using `_` to represent an element." +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "Add more values to the array." +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "" +"Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of " +"elements." +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md +msgid "Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md +msgid "Arrays can contain other arrays:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md #, fuzzy -msgid "The Luhn algorithm," -msgstr "Algorytm Luhna" +msgid "What is the type of this variable?" +msgstr "Jaki jest typ słowa w każdej pętli?" -#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:7 -#, fuzzy -msgid "An exercise on pattern matching." -msgstr "Wyliczenia i dopasowywanie wzorców." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:7 -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:7 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:13 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-" -"afternoon.md) provided." +"Use an array such as the above to write a function `transpose` which will " +"transpose a matrix (turn rows into columns):" msgstr "" -"Po obejrzeniu ćwiczenia możesz spojrzeć na podane [rozwiązanie](solutions-" -"afternoon.md)." +"Użyj powyższego, aby napisać funkcję `pretty_print`, która ładnie drukuje " +"macierz i funkcję `transpose`, która transponuje macierz (zamienia wiersze " +"na kolumny):" -#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used " -"to validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and " -"does the following to validate the credit card number:" -msgstr "" -"[Algorytm Luhna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) służy do " -"zweryfikować numery kart kredytowych. Algorytm pobiera ciąg jako dane " -"wejściowe i wykonuje aby zweryfikować numer karty kredytowej:" +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md +msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices." +msgstr "Zakoduj na stałe obie funkcje, aby działały na macierzach 3 × 3." -#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:7 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits." -msgstr "" -"Zignoruj wszystkie spacje. Odrzuć numer zawierający mniej niż dwie cyfry." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:9 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Moving from **right to left**, double every second digit: for the number " -"`1234`, we double `3` and `1`. For the number `98765`, we double `6` and `8`." -msgstr "" -"Przechodząc od prawej do lewej, podwajaj co drugą cyfrę: dla liczby `1234`, " -"podwajamy „3” i „1”." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:12 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` which " -"becomes `5`." -msgstr "" -"Po podwojeniu cyfry zsumuj cyfry. Więc podwojenie „7” daje „14”, co staje " -"się „5”." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:15 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits." -msgstr "Zsumuj wszystkie niepodwojone i podwojone cyfry." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:17 -#, fuzzy -msgid "The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`." -msgstr "Numer karty kredytowej jest ważny, jeśli suma kończy się na `0`." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:19 -#, fuzzy +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md msgid "" "Copy the code below to and implement the " -"function." +"functions:" msgstr "" "Skopiuj poniższy kod do i zaimplementuj " "funkcje:" -#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:21 -msgid "" -"Try to solve the problem the \"simple\" way first, using `for` loops and " -"integers. Then, revisit the solution and try to implement it with iterators." +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/borrowing/exercise.md +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:25 -msgid "" "```rust\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"// TODO: usuń to jak skończysz implementację.\n" "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[allow(dead_code)]\n" -"fn main() {}\n" "```" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md +msgid "// <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" msgstr "" -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:1 +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md +msgid "\"matrix: {:#?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md +msgid "\"transposed: {:#?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md +msgid "//\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/references.md +msgid "[Shared References](./references/shared.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/references.md +msgid "[Exclusive References](./references/exclusive.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/references.md +msgid "[Exercise: Geometry](./references/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/references.md src/user-defined-types.md src/pattern-matching.md +msgid "This segment should take about 50 minutes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/shared.md +msgid "" +"A reference provides a way to access another value without taking " +"responsibility for the value, and is also called \"borrowing\". Shared " +"references are read-only, and the referenced data cannot change." +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/shared.md +msgid "" +"A shared reference to a type `T` has type `&T`. A reference value is made " +"with the `&` operator. The `*` operator \"dereferences\" a reference, " +"yielding its value." +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/shared.md +msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:" +msgstr "Rust będzie statycznie zabraniał wiszących referencji:" + +#: src/references/shared.md +msgid "" +"A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to, and this is a good " +"model for students not familiar with pointers: code can use the reference to " +"access the value, but is still \"owned\" by the original variable. The " +"course will get into more detail on ownership in day 3." +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/shared.md +msgid "" +"References are implemented as pointers, and a key advantage is that they can " +"be much smaller than the thing they point to. Students familiar with C or C+" +"+ will recognize references as pointers. Later parts of the course will " +"cover how Rust prevents the memory-safety bugs that come from using raw " +"pointers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/shared.md +msgid "" +"Rust does not automatically create references for you - the `&` is always " +"required." +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/shared.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking " +"methods (try `r.count_ones()`). There is no need for an `->` operator like " +"in C++." +msgstr "" +"W niektórych przypadkach Rust dokona automatycznej dereferencji, w " +"szczególności podczas wywoływania metod (spróbuj `ref_x.count_ones()`)." + +#: src/references/shared.md +msgid "" +"In this example, `r` is mutable so that it can be reassigned (`r = &b`). " +"Note that this re-binds `r`, so that it refers to something else. This is " +"different from C++, where assignment to a reference changes the referenced " +"value." +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/shared.md +msgid "" +"A shared reference does not allow modifying the value it refers to, even if " +"that value was mutable. Try `*r = 'X'`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/shared.md +msgid "" +"Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long " +"enough. Dangling references cannot occur in safe Rust. `x_axis` would return " +"a reference to `point`, but `point` will be deallocated when the function " +"returns, so this will not compile." +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/shared.md +msgid "We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership." +msgstr "Porozmawiamy więcej o pożyczaniu, kiedy przejdziemy do własności." + +#: src/references/exclusive.md +msgid "" +"Exclusive references, also known as mutable references, allow changing the " +"value they refer to. They have type `&mut T`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/exclusive.md +msgid "" +"\"Exclusive\" means that only this reference can be used to access the " +"value. No other references (shared or exclusive) can exist at the same time, " +"and the referenced value cannot be accessed while the exclusive reference " +"exists. Try making an `&point.0` or changing `point.0` while `x_coord` is " +"alive." +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/exclusive.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Be sure to note the difference between `let mut x_coord: &i32` and `let " +"x_coord: &mut i32`. The first one represents a shared reference which can be " +"bound to different values, while the second represents an exclusive " +"reference to a mutable value." +msgstr "" +"Pamiętaj o różnicy między `let mut ref_x: &i32` i `let ref_x: &mut i32`. " +"Pierwsza reprezentuje zmienną referencję, z którą można powiązać różne " +"wartości, podczas gdy druga reprezentuje odwołanie do zmiennej wartości." + +#: src/references/exercise.md +msgid "" +"We will create a few utility functions for 3-dimensional geometry, " +"representing a point as `[f64;3]`. It is up to you to determine the function " +"signatures." +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/exercise.md +msgid "" +"// Calculate the magnitude of a vector by summing the squares of its " +"coordinates\n" +"// and taking the square root. Use the `sqrt()` method to calculate the " +"square\n" +"// root, like `v.sqrt()`.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/exercise.md +msgid "" +"// Normalize a vector by calculating its magnitude and dividing all of its\n" +"// coordinates by that magnitude.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/exercise.md +msgid "// Use the following `main` to test your work.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/exercise.md src/references/solution.md +msgid "\"Magnitude of a unit vector: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/exercise.md src/references/solution.md +msgid "\"Magnitude of {v:?}: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/exercise.md src/references/solution.md +msgid "\"Magnitude of {v:?} after normalization: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/solution.md +msgid "/// Calculate the magnitude of the given vector.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/references/solution.md +msgid "" +"/// Change the magnitude of the vector to 1.0 without changing its " +"direction.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types.md +msgid "[Named Structs](./user-defined-types/named-structs.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types.md +msgid "[Tuple Structs](./user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types.md +msgid "[Enums](./user-defined-types/enums.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types.md +msgid "" +"[Static and Const](./user-defined-types/static-and-const.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types.md +msgid "[Type Aliases](./user-defined-types/aliases.md) (2 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types.md +msgid "" +"[Exercise: Elevator Events](./user-defined-types/exercise.md) (15 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:" +msgstr "Podobnie jak C i C++, Rust obsługuje niestandardowe struktury:" + +#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md +msgid "\"{} is {} years old\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\"Peter\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md +msgid "\"Avery\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md +msgid "\"Jackie\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md +msgid "Structs work like in C or C++." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md +msgid "Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md +msgid "Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md +msgid "" +"This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of " +"structs." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md +msgid "" +"Zero-sized structs (e.g. `struct Foo;`) might be used when implementing a " +"trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the " +"value itself." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md +msgid "" +"The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are " +"not important." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the " +"struct using a shorthand." +msgstr "" +"Jeśli masz już zmienne o odpowiednich nazwach, możesz je utworzyć struct za " +"pomocą skrótu:" + +#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md +msgid "" +"The syntax `..avery` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the " +"old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be " +"the last element." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:" +msgstr "Jeśli nazwy pól są nieistotne, możesz użyć struktury krotki:" + +#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md +msgid "\"({}, {})\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):" +msgstr "" +"Jest to często używane w przypadku opakowań z jednym polem (zwanych " +"newtypes):" + +#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md +msgid "\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md +msgid "// ...\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in " +"a primitive type, for example:" +msgstr "" +"Nowe typy to świetny sposób na zakodowanie dodatkowych informacji o wartości " +"w typie pierwotnym, na przykład:" + +#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above." +msgstr "" +"Liczba jest mierzona w niektórych jednostkach: „Newtons” w powyższym " +"przykładzie." + +#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have " +"to validate it again at every use: `PhoneNumber(String)` or `OddNumber(u32)`." +msgstr "" +"Wartość przeszła walidację podczas tworzenia, więc nie musisz już " +"weryfikować jej ponownie przy każdym użyciu: „PhoneNumber(String)” lub " +"„OddNumber(u32)”." + +#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the " +"single field in the newtype." +msgstr "" +"Zademonstruj, jak dodać wartość `f64` do typu `Newtons`, uzyskując dostęp do " +"pojedynczego pola w newtype." + +#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or " +"for instance using booleans as integers." +msgstr "" +"Rust generalnie nie lubi niejasnych rzeczy, takich jak automatyczne " +"rozpakowywanie lub na przykład używanie wartości boolowskich jako liczb " +"całkowitych." + +#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics)." +msgstr "Przeciążenie operatora jest omówione w dniu 3 (leki generyczne)." + +#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md +msgid "" +"The example is a subtle reference to the [Mars Climate Orbiter](https://en." +"wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter) failure." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few different " +"variants:" +msgstr "" +"Słowo kluczowe `enum` pozwala na utworzenie typu, który ma kilka różne " +"warianty:" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +msgid "// Simple variant\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +msgid "// Tuple variant\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +msgid "// Struct variant\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +msgid "\"On this turn: {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type." +msgstr "Wyliczenia umożliwiają zebranie zestawu wartości w ramach jednego typu" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +msgid "" +"`Direction` is a type with variants. There are two values of `Direction`: " +"`Direction::Left` and `Direction::Right`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +msgid "" +"`PlayerMove` is a type with three variants. In addition to the payloads, " +"Rust will store a discriminant so that it knows at runtime which variant is " +"in a `PlayerMove` value." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "This might be a good time to compare structs and enums:" +msgstr "To może być dobry moment na porównanie Structs i Enums:" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one " +"with different types of fields (variant payloads)." +msgstr "" +"W obu przypadkach możesz mieć prostą wersję bez pól (struktura jednostek) " +"lub wersję z różnymi typami pól (wariantowe ładunki)." + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate " +"structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were " +"all defined in an enum." +msgstr "" +"Można nawet zaimplementować różne warianty wyliczenia z osobnymi " +"strukturami, ale wtedy nie byłyby one tego samego typu, co gdyby wszystkie " +"były zdefiniowane w wyliczeniu." + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +msgid "Rust uses minimal space to store the discriminant." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +msgid "If necessary, it stores an integer of the smallest required size" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +msgid "" +"If the allowed variant values do not cover all bit patterns, it will use " +"invalid bit patterns to encode the discriminant (the \"niche " +"optimization\"). For example, `Option<&u8>` stores either a pointer to an " +"integer or `NULL` for the `None` variant." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +msgid "" +"You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2 " +"bytes." +msgstr "" +"Wyliczenie `Bar` pokazuje, że istnieje sposób kontrolowania wartości i typu " +"wyróżnika. Jeśli usunie się `repr`, typ dyskryminacyjny zajmuje 2 bajty, " +"ponieważ 10001 mieści 2 bajty." + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +#: src/memory-management/review.md src/memory-management/move.md +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md src/borrowing/shared.md +msgid "More to Explore" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +msgid "" +"Rust has several optimizations it can employ to make enums take up less " +"space." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Null pointer optimization: For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +"option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::()` equals " +"`size_of::>()`." +msgstr "" +"Dla [niektórych typów](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/" +"#representation), Rust gwarantuje, że `size_of::()` równa się `size_of::" +" >()`." + +#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation _may_ look " +"like in practice. It's important to note that the compiler provides no " +"guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe." +msgstr "" +"Przykładowy kod, jeśli chcesz pokazać, jak reprezentacja bitowa _może_ " +"wyglądać w praktyce. Należy zauważyć, że kompilator nie zapewnia żadnych " +"gwarancji dotyczących tej reprezentacji, dlatego jest to całkowicie " +"niebezpieczne." + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "" +"Static and constant variables are two different ways to create globally-" +"scoped values that cannot be moved or reallocated during the execution of " +"the program." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "`const`" +msgstr "`const`" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "" +"Constant variables are evaluated at compile time and their values are " +"inlined wherever they are used:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"According to the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" +"vs-static.html) these are inlined upon use." +msgstr "" +"Zgodnie z [książką Rust RFC](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-" +"static.html) są one wstawiane podczas użycia." + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "" +"Only functions marked `const` can be called at compile time to generate " +"`const` values. `const` functions can however be called at runtime." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "`static`" +msgstr "`static`" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "" +"Static variables will live during the whole execution of the program, and " +"therefore will not move:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\"" +msgstr "Witamy w dniu 1" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "\"{BANNER}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" +"vs-static.html), these are not inlined upon use and have an actual " +"associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, and " +"the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution. When a " +"globally-scoped value does not have a reason to need object identity, " +"`const` is generally preferred." +msgstr "" +"Jak zauważono w [książce Rust RFC](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-" +"const-vs-static.html), nie są one wstawiane podczas użycia i mają " +"rzeczywistą powiązaną lokalizację pamięci. Jest to przydatne w przypadku " +"niebezpiecznego i osadzonego kodu, a zmienna żyje przez całe wykonanie " +"programu." + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`." +msgstr "" +"Wspomnij, że `const` zachowuje się semantycznie podobnie do `constexpr` C++." + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "" +"`static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable " +"global variable in C++." +msgstr "" +"Z drugiej strony `static` jest znacznie bardziej podobny do `const` lub " +"mutowalnej zmiennej globalnej w C++." + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "" +"`static` provides object identity: an address in memory and state as " +"required by types with interior mutability such as `Mutex`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "" +"It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but " +"it is helpful and safer than using a static." +msgstr "" +"Nie jest bardzo powszechne, że ktoś potrzebowałby stałej wyliczanej w czasie " +"wykonywania, ale jest to pomocne i bezpieczniejsze niż używanie zmiennej " +"statycznej." + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "Properties table:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "Property" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Static" +msgstr "`static`" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "Constant" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "Has an address in memory" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "Yes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "No (inlined)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Lives for the entire duration of the program" +msgstr "Funkcja `main` jest punktem wejścia programu." + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "No" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "Can be mutable" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "Yes (unsafe)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Evaluated at compile time" +msgstr "Wartości mają stałe rozmiary znane w czasie kompilacji." + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "Yes (initialised at compile time)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "Inlined wherever it is used" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "" +"Because `static` variables are accessible from any thread, they must be " +"`Sync`. Interior mutability is possible through a [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-" +"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atomic or similar." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md +msgid "Thread-local data can be created with the macro `std::thread_local`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md +msgid "" +"A type alias creates a name for another type. The two types can be used " +"interchangeably." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md +msgid "// Aliases are more useful with long, complex types:\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md +msgid "C programmers will recognize this as similar to a `typedef`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md +msgid "" +"We will create a data structure to represent an event in an elevator control " +"system. It is up to you to define the types and functions to construct " +"various events. Use `#[derive(Debug)]` to allow the types to be formatted " +"with `{:?}`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md +msgid "" +"This exercise only requires creating and populating data structures so that " +"`main` runs without errors. The next part of the course will cover getting " +"data out of these structures." +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "" +"/// An event in the elevator system that the controller must react to.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md +msgid "// TODO: add required variants\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "/// A direction of travel.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "/// The car has arrived on the given floor.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "/// The car doors have opened.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "/// The car doors have closed.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "" +"/// A directional button was pressed in an elevator lobby on the given " +"floor.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "/// A floor button was pressed in the elevator car.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "\"A ground floor passenger has pressed the up button: {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "\"The car has arrived on the ground floor: {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "\"The car door opened: {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "\"A passenger has pressed the 3rd floor button: {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "\"The car door closed: {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "\"The car has arrived on the 3rd floor: {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "/// A button was pressed.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "/// The car has arrived at the given floor.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "/// The car's doors have opened.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "/// The car's doors have closed.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "/// A floor is represented as an integer.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "/// A user-accessible button.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "/// A button in the elevator lobby on the given floor.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md +msgid "/// A floor button within the car.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md msgid "Welcome to Day 2" msgstr "Witamy w dniu 2" -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:3 +#: src/welcome-day-2.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, we will continue with:" +msgid "" +"Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, today will focus on Rust's type " +"system:" msgstr "Teraz, gdy widzieliśmy już sporo Rust, będziemy kontynuować:" -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:5 -msgid "" -"Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based " -"memory management, and garbage collection." -msgstr "" -"Zarządzanie pamięcią: stos a sterta, ręczne zarządzanie pamięcią, " -"zarządzanie pamięcią oparte na zakresie i odśmiecanie pamięci." - -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:8 -msgid "" -"Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes." -msgstr "" -"Własność: semantyka przenoszenia, kopiowanie i klonowanie, pożyczanie i " -"czasy życia." - -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:10 +#: src/welcome-day-2.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Structs and methods." -msgstr "Struktury, wyliczenia, metody." +msgid "Pattern matching: extracting data from structures." +msgstr "Dopasowywanie wzorców: destrukturyzacja wyliczeń, struktur i tablic." -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:12 +#: src/welcome-day-2.md +msgid "Methods: associating functions with types." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md +msgid "Traits: behaviors shared by multiple types." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md +msgid "Generics: parameterizing types on other types." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md +msgid "" +"Standard library types and traits: a tour of Rust's rich standard library." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md +msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-2.md) (3 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "[Pattern Matching](./pattern-matching.md) (50 minutes)" +msgstr "" +"Zobacz [dopasowywanie wzorców](../pattern-matching.md), aby uzyskać więcej " +"informacji na temat wzorców w Rdza." + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md +msgid "[Methods and Traits](./methods-and-traits.md) (55 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md +msgid "[Generics](./generics.md) (45 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md src/welcome-day-4.md +msgid "" +"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 3 hours and 5 " +"minutes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md +msgid "[Destructuring](./pattern-matching/destructuring.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md +msgid "[Let Control Flow](./pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md +msgid "" +"[Exercise: Expression Evaluation](./pattern-matching/exercise.md) (30 " +"minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +msgid "Like tuples, structs and enums can also be destructured by matching:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +msgid "Structs" +msgstr "Struktury" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +msgid "\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +msgid "\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +msgid "\"y = {y}, other fields were ignored\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, " -"`Rc` and `Arc`." +"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is " +"how you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple " +"`enum` type:" msgstr "" -"Biblioteka standardowa: `String`, `Option` i `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, " -"`Rc` i `Łuk`." +"Wzorców można również używać do wiązania zmiennych z częściami wartości. Oto " +"jak sprawdzasz strukturę swoich typów. Zacznijmy od prostego typu `enum`:" -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:15 +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +msgid "\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +msgid "\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +msgid "\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy." -msgstr "Moduły: widoczność, ścieżki i hierarchia systemów plików." - -#: src/memory-management.md:3 -msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:" -msgstr "Tradycyjnie języki dzieliły się na dwie szerokie kategorie:" - -#: src/memory-management.md:5 -msgid "Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ..." -msgstr "" -"Pełna kontrola poprzez ręczne zarządzanie pamięcią: C, C++, Pascal, ..." - -#: src/memory-management.md:6 msgid "" -"Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, " -"Haskell, ..." +"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first " +"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second " +"arm, `msg` is bound to the error message." msgstr "" -"Pełne bezpieczeństwo dzięki automatycznemu zarządzaniu pamięcią w czasie " -"wykonywania: Java, Python, Go, Haskell, ..." +"Tutaj użyliśmy ramion do _destrukturyzacji_ wartości `Result`. Na początku " +"arm, `half` jest powiązany z wartością wewnątrz wariantu `Ok`. W drugim " +"ramieniu `msg` jest powiązany z komunikatem o błędzie." -#: src/memory-management.md:8 -msgid "Rust offers a new mix:" -msgstr "Rust oferuje nową mieszankę:" +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns." +msgstr "Zmień wartości literalne w `foo`, aby dopasować je do innych wzorców." -#: src/memory-management.md:10 +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed." +msgstr "Dodaj nowe pole do `Foo` i w razie potrzeby wprowadź zmiany we wzorcu." + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "" -"Full control _and_ safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory " -"management." +"The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard to " +"spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that it " +"subtly doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again." msgstr "" -"Pełna kontrola _i_ bezpieczeństwo poprzez egzekwowanie poprawnego " -"zarządzania pamięcią w czasie kompilacji." -#: src/memory-management.md:13 -msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept." -msgstr "Czyni to z wyraźną koncepcją własności." +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with " +"a `match`." +msgstr "" +"Wyrażenie `if`/`else` zwraca wyliczenie, które jest później rozpakowywane z " +"`match`." -#: src/memory-management.md:15 -msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works." -msgstr "Najpierw odświeżmy, jak działa zarządzanie pamięcią." +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the " +"errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is now " +"inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints." +msgstr "" +"Możesz spróbować dodać trzeci wariant do definicji enum i wyświetlić błędy " +"podczas uruchamiania kodu. Wskaż miejsca, w których Twój kod jest teraz " +"niewyczerpany i jak kompilator próbuje udzielić Ci wskazówek." -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:1 -msgid "The Stack vs The Heap" -msgstr "Stos a sterta" +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern " +"matched." +msgstr "" +"Dostęp do wartości w wariantach enum można uzyskać dopiero po dopasowaniu do " +"wzorca. Wzorzec wiąże odniesienia do pól w „ramię dopasowania” po `=>`." -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:3 +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage " +"the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are handled." +msgstr "" +"Zademonstruj, co się dzieje, gdy wyszukiwanie jest niewyczerpujące. Zwróć " +"uwagę na zalety kompilatora Rusta, który potwierdza, kiedy wszystkie " +"przypadki są obsługiwane." + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md +msgid "" +"Save the result of `divide_in_two` in the `result` variable and `match` it " +"in a loop. That won't compile because `msg` is consumed when matched. To fix " +"it, match `&result` instead of `result`. That will make `msg` a reference so " +"it won't be consumed. This [\"match ergonomics\"](https://rust-lang.github." +"io/rfcs/2005-match-ergonomics.html) appeared in Rust 2018. If you want to " +"support older Rust, replace `msg` with `ref msg` in the pattern." +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +msgid "" +"Rust has a few control flow constructs which differ from other languages. " +"They are used for pattern matching:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`if let` expressions" +msgstr "wyrażenia `if let`" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`while let` expressions" +msgstr "wyrażenia `while let`" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`match` expressions" +msgstr "`dopasuj` wyrażenia" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +msgid "" +"The [`if let` expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-" +"expr.html#if-let-expressions) lets you execute different code depending on " +"whether a value matches a pattern:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +msgid "\"slept for {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`let else` expressions" +msgstr "wyrażenia `while let`" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +msgid "" +"For the common case of matching a pattern and returning from the function, " +"use [`let else`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/" +"let_else.html). The \"else\" case must diverge (`return`, `break`, or panic " +"- anything but falling off the end of the block)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +msgid "\"got None\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"got empty string\"" +msgstr "Ciągi bajtów" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +msgid "\"not a hex digit\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md +msgid "\"result: {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md src/generics/trait-bounds.md +#: src/smart-pointers/solution.md src/testing/googletest.md +#: src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\"foo\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) variant which " +"repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:" +msgstr "" +"Podobnie jak w przypadku `if`, istnieje wariant `while let`, który " +"wielokrotnie sprawdza wartość wbrew wzorowi:" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Here [`String::pop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/string/struct." +"String.html#method.pop) returns `Some(c)` until the string is empty, after " +"which it will return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through " +"all items." +msgstr "" +"Tutaj iterator zwrócony przez `v.iter()` zwróci `Option` przy każdym " +"wywołanie funkcji „następny()”. Zwraca `Some(x)` dopóki nie skończy, po czym " +"to zrobi zwróć „Brak”. Polecenie „while let” pozwala nam przeglądać " +"wszystkie elementy." + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +msgid "if-let" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not have to cover all branches. This can make " +"it more concise than `match`." +msgstr "" +"W przeciwieństwie do `match`, `if let` nie obsługuje klauzul ochronnych dla " +"dopasowywania wzorców." + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`." +msgstr "" +"Typowym zastosowaniem jest obsługa wartości `Some` podczas pracy z `Option`." + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching." +msgstr "" +"W przeciwieństwie do `match`, `if let` nie obsługuje klauzul ochronnych dla " +"dopasowywania wzorców." + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +msgid "let-else" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +msgid "" +"`if-let`s can pile up, as shown. The `let-else` construct supports " +"flattening this nested code. Rewrite the awkward version for students, so " +"they can see the transformation." +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +msgid "The rewritten version is:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "while-let" +msgstr "wyrażenia `while let`" + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value " +"matches the pattern." +msgstr "" +"Zwróć uwagę, że pętla „while let” będzie działać tak długo, jak długo " +"wartość będzie pasować do wzorca." + +#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if " +"statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `name.pop()`. The " +"`while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario." +msgstr "" +"Możesz przepisać pętlę `while let` jako pętlę nieskończoną z instrukcją if, " +"która przerywa działanie, gdy nie ma wartości do rozpakowania dla `iter." +"next()`. Opcja `while let` zapewnia cukier składniowy dla powyższego " +"scenariusza." + +#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md +msgid "Let's write a simple recursive evaluator for arithmetic expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md +msgid "" +"The `Box` type here is a smart pointer, and will be covered in detail later " +"in the course. An expression can be \"boxed\" with `Box::new` as seen in the " +"tests. To evaluate a boxed expression, use the deref operator (`*`) to " +"\"unbox\" it: `eval(*boxed_expr)`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md +msgid "" +"Some expressions cannot be evaluated and will return an error. The standard " +"[`Result`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/result/enum.Result." +"html) type is an enum that represents either a successful value " +"(`Ok(Value)`) or an error (`Err(String)`). We will cover this type in detail " +"later." +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md +msgid "" +"Copy and paste the code into the Rust playground, and begin implementing " +"`eval`. The final product should pass the tests. It may be helpful to use " +"`todo!()` and get the tests to pass one-by-one. You can also skip a test " +"temporarily with `#[ignore]`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md +msgid "" +"If you finish early, try writing a test that results in division by zero or " +"integer overflow. How could you handle this with `Result` instead of a panic?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md +msgid "/// An operation to perform on two subexpressions.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md +msgid "/// An expression, in tree form.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md +msgid "/// An operation on two subexpressions.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md +msgid "/// A literal value\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md +msgid "\"division by zero\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/pattern-matching/solution.md +msgid "\"expr: {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits.md +msgid "[Methods](./methods-and-traits/methods.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits.md +msgid "[Traits](./methods-and-traits/traits.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits.md +msgid "[Deriving](./methods-and-traits/deriving.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits.md +msgid "[Trait Objects](./methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits.md +msgid "" +"[Exercise: Generic Logger](./methods-and-traits/exercise.md) (20 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits.md +msgid "This segment should take about 55 minutes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with " +"an `impl` block:" +msgstr "" +"Rust umożliwia powiązanie funkcji z nowymi typami. Robisz to z blok `impl`:" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +msgid "// No receiver, a static method\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +msgid "// Exclusive borrowed read-write access to self\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +msgid "// Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +msgid "\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +msgid "\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +msgid "// Exclusive ownership of self\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +msgid "\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +msgid "\"Monaco Grand Prix\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +msgid "// race.add_lap(42);\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The `self` arguments specify the \"receiver\" - the object the method acts " +"on. There are several common receivers for a method:" +msgstr "" +"„&self” powyżej wskazuje, że metoda niezmiennie pożycza obiekt. Tam są " +"innymi możliwymi odbiorcami metody:" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable " +"reference. The object can be used again afterwards." +msgstr "" +"`&self`: pożycza obiekt od dzwoniącego za pomocą współdzielonego i " +"niezmiennego odniesienie. Obiekt może być później ponownie użyty." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable " +"reference. The object can be used again afterwards." +msgstr "" +"`&mut self`: pożycza obiekt od wywołującego używając unikalnego i zmiennego " +"odniesienie. Obiekt może być później ponownie użyty." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The " +"method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped " +"(deallocated) when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly " +"transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability." +msgstr "" +"`self`: przejmuje obiekt na własność i oddala go od dzwoniącego. The metoda " +"staje się właścicielem obiektu. Obiekt zostanie usunięty (cofnięty " +"przydział) gdy metoda zwraca, chyba że jej własność jest wyraźnie określona " +"przekazywane." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +msgid "`mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object." +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to " +"create constructors which are called `new` by convention." +msgstr "" +"Brak odbiornika: staje się to metodą statyczną w strukturze. Zwykle " +"przyzwyczajony tworzyć konstruktory, które zgodnie z konwencją nazywane są " +"„nowymi”." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions." +msgstr "" +"Pomocne może być wprowadzenie metod poprzez porównanie ich z funkcjami." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the " +"first parameter represents the instance as `self`." +msgstr "" +"Metody są wywoływane na instancji typu (takiej jak struct lub enum), " +"pierwszy parametr reprezentuje instancję jako `self`." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver " +"syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep " +"all the implementation code in one predictable place." +msgstr "" +"Deweloperzy mogą zdecydować się na użycie metod, aby skorzystać ze składni " +"odbiornika metod i pomóc w ich lepszej organizacji. Dzięki metodom możemy " +"przechowywać cały kod implementacji w jednym przewidywalnym miejscu." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver." +msgstr "Zwróć uwagę na użycie słowa kluczowego `self`, odbiornika metody." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self: Self` and perhaps show how " +"the struct name could also be used." +msgstr "" +"Pokaż, że jest to skrócony termin dla `self:&Self` i być może pokaż, jak " +"można również użyć nazwy struktury." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and " +"can be used elsewhere in the block." +msgstr "" +"Wyjaśnij, że `Self` jest aliasem typu dla typu, w którym znajduje się blok " +"`impl` i może być użyty w innym miejscu bloku." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to " +"refer to individual fields." +msgstr "" +"Zwróć uwagę, jak `self` jest używane jak inne struktury, a notacja kropkowa " +"może być używana do odwoływania się do poszczególnych pól." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` " +"by trying to run `finish` twice." +msgstr "" +"To może być dobry moment, aby zademonstrować, czym `&self` różni się od " +"`self` poprzez modyfikację kodu i próbę dwukrotnego uruchomienia say_hello." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also [special wrapper types](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) allowed to be " +"receiver types, such as `Box`." +msgstr "" +"Oprócz wariantów na „ja”, istnieją również [specjalne typy opakowań](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) mogą być typami " +"odbiorników, takimi jak `Box`." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:" +msgstr "" +"Rust pozwala na abstrakcję nad typami z cechami. Są podobne do interfejsów:" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md +msgid "\"Oh you're a cutie! What's your name? {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md +msgid "\"Woof, my name is {}!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md +msgid "\"Miau!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md +msgid "\"Fido\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md +msgid "" +"A trait defines a number of methods that types must have in order to " +"implement the trait." +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md +msgid "Traits are implemented in an `impl for { .. }` block." +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Traits may specify pre-implemented (provided) methods and methods that users " +"are required to implement themselves. Provided methods can rely on required " +"methods. In this case, `greet` is provided, and relies on `talk`." +msgstr "" +"Cechy mogą określać wstępnie zaimplementowane (domyślne) metody i metody, " +"które użytkownicy muszą sami zaimplementować. Metody z domyślnymi " +"implementacjami mogą polegać na metodach wymaganych." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md +msgid "" +"Supported traits can be automatically implemented for your custom types, as " +"follows:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md +msgid "// Default trait adds `default` constructor.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md +msgid "// Clone trait adds `clone` method.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md +msgid "\"EldurScrollz\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md +msgid "// Debug trait adds support for printing with `{:?}`.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md +msgid "\"{:?} vs. {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md +msgid "" +"Derivation is implemented with macros, and many crates provide useful derive " +"macros to add useful functionality. For example, `serde` can derive " +"serialization support for a struct using `#[derive(Serialize)]`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a " +"collection:" +msgstr "Krotki grupują wartości różnych typów w typ złożony." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md +msgid "\"Hello, who are you? {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:" +msgstr "Układ pamięci po przydzieleniu `xs`:" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"- -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": pets : : +----+----+----+----" +"+ :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----+ .->| F | i | d | o " +"| :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o | | +----+----+----+----" +"+ :\n" +": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-+ " +"`---------. :\n" +": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | data " +"| :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | | +-------+--|-------" +"+ :\n" +": : : | | | '-->| name | o, 4, 4 " +"| :\n" +": : : | | | | age | 5 " +"| :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | | +-------+----------" +"+ :\n" +" : | | " +"| :\n" +" : | | | " +"vtable :\n" +" : | | | +----------------------" +"+ :\n" +" : | | '---->| \"::talk\" " +"| :\n" +" : | | +----------------------" +"+ :\n" +" : | " +"| :\n" +" : | | " +"data :\n" +" : | | +-------+-------" +"+ :\n" +" : | '-->| lives | 9 " +"| :\n" +" : | +-------+-------" +"+ :\n" +" : " +"| :\n" +" : | " +"vtable :\n" +" : | +----------------------" +"+ :\n" +" : '---->| \"::talk\" " +"| :\n" +" : +----------------------" +"+ :\n" +" : :\n" +" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"- -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```bob\n" +" Stos Sterta\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +": s2 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it " +"impossible to have things like `Vec` in the example above." +msgstr "" +"Typy realizujące daną cechę mogą mieć różne rozmiary. To sprawia, że " +"niemożliwe jest posiadanie rzeczy takich jak `Vec` w powyższym " +"przykładzie." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that " +"implements `Pet`." +msgstr "" +"`dyn Greet` to sposób poinformowania kompilatora o typie o dynamicznym " +"rozmiarze, który implementuje `Greet`." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md +msgid "" +"In the example, `pets` is allocated on the stack and the vector data is on " +"the heap. The two vector elements are _fat pointers_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"A fat pointer is a double-width pointer. It has two components: a pointer to " +"the actual object and a pointer to the [virtual method table](https://en." +"wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_method_table) (vtable) for the `Pet` " +"implementation of that particular object." +msgstr "" +"W przykładzie `pets` przechowuje Fat Pointers do obiektów, które " +"implementują `Greet`. Fat Pointer składa się z dwóch komponentów, wskaźnika " +"do rzeczywistego obiektu i wskaźnika do wirtualnej tabeli metod dla " +"implementacji `Greet` tego konkretnego obiektu." + +#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md +msgid "" +"The data for the `Dog` named Fido is the `name` and `age` fields. The `Cat` " +"has a `lives` field." +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md +msgid "Compare these outputs in the above example:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md src/std-traits/closures.md +msgid "\"{} {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md src/std-traits/exercise.md +#: src/std-traits/solution.md src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md +msgid "\"{}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md +msgid "" +"Let's design a simple logging utility, using a trait `Logger` with a `log` " +"method. Code which might log its progress can then take an `&impl Logger`. " +"In testing, this might put messages in the test logfile, while in a " +"production build it would send messages to a log server." +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md +msgid "" +"However, the `StderrLogger` given below logs all messages, regardless of " +"verbosity. Your task is to write a `VerbosityFilter` type that will ignore " +"messages above a maximum verbosity." +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md +msgid "" +"This is a common pattern: a struct wrapping a trait implementation and " +"implementing that same trait, adding behavior in the process. What other " +"kinds of wrappers might be useful in a logging utility?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md +msgid "/// Log a message at the given verbosity level.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md +msgid "\"verbosity={verbosity}: {message}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md +msgid "\"FYI\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md +msgid "\"Uhoh\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md +msgid "// TODO: Define and implement `VerbosityFilter`.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/methods-and-traits/solution.md +msgid "/// Only log messages up to the given verbosity level.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics.md +msgid "[Generic Functions](./generics/generic-functions.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics.md +msgid "[Generic Data Types](./generics/generic-data.md) (15 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics.md +msgid "[Trait Bounds](./generics/trait-bounds.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics.md +msgid "[impl Trait](./generics/impl-trait.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics.md +msgid "[Exercise: Generic min](./generics/exercise.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics.md src/smart-pointers.md src/iterators.md src/error-handling.md +msgid "This segment should take about 45 minutes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/generic-functions.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Rust supports generics, which lets you abstract algorithms or data " +"structures (such as sorting or a binary tree) over the types used or stored." +msgstr "" +"Rust obsługuje typy ogólne, które pozwalają wyodrębnić algorytm (taki jak " +"sortowanie) nad typami używanymi w algorytmie." + +#: src/generics/generic-functions.md +msgid "/// Pick `even` or `odd` depending on the value of `n`.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/generic-functions.md +msgid "\"picked a number: {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/generic-functions.md +msgid "\"picked a tuple: {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/generic-functions.md +msgid "\"dog\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/generic-functions.md +msgid "\"cat\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/generic-functions.md +msgid "" +"Rust infers a type for T based on the types of the arguments and return " +"value." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/generic-functions.md +msgid "" +"This is similar to C++ templates, but Rust partially compiles the generic " +"function immediately, so that function must be valid for all types matching " +"the constraints. For example, try modifying `pick` to return `even + odd` if " +"`n == 0`. Even if only the `pick` instantiation with integers is used, Rust " +"still considers it invalid. C++ would let you do this." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/generic-functions.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites. This " +"is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you had " +"hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction." +msgstr "" +"Jest to abstrakcja o zerowych kosztach: otrzymujesz dokładnie taki sam " +"wynik, jakbyś miał ręcznie zakodował struktury danych bez abstrakcji." + +#: src/generics/generic-data.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:" +msgstr "Możesz użyć generycznych do abstrakcji nad konkretnym typem pola:" + +#: src/generics/generic-data.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n" +msgstr "" +"```\n" +"// fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n" +"```" + +#: src/generics/generic-data.md +msgid "\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/generic-data.md +msgid "\"coords: {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/generic-data.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"_Q:_ Why `T` is specified twice in `impl Point {}`? Isn't that " +"redundant?" +msgstr "" +"_P:_ Dlaczego `T` jest określone dwukrotnie w `impl Point {}`? Czy to " +"nie jest zbędne?" + +#: src/generics/generic-data.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. " +"They are independently generic." +msgstr "" +"Dzieje się tak, ponieważ jest to ogólna sekcja implementacji dla typu " +"ogólnego. Są niezależnie ogólne." + +#: src/generics/generic-data.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "It means these methods are defined for any `T`." +msgstr "Oznacza to, że te metody są zdefiniowane dla dowolnego `T`." + +#: src/generics/generic-data.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "It is possible to write `impl Point { .. }`." +msgstr "Można napisać `impl Point { .. }`." + +#: src/generics/generic-data.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`Point` is still generic and you can use `Point`, but methods in this " +"block will only be available for `Point`." +msgstr "" +"`Point` jest nadal ogólny i możesz użyć `Point`, ale metody w tym bloku " +"będą dostępne tylko dla `Point`." + +#: src/generics/generic-data.md +msgid "" +"Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`. Update the " +"code to allow points that have elements of different types, by using two " +"type variables, e.g., `T` and `U`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement " +"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods." +msgstr "" +"Podczas pracy z typami ogólnymi często chcesz wymagać implementacji typów " +"jakąś cechę, aby można było wywołać metody tej cechy." + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:" +msgstr "Możesz to zrobić za pomocą `T: Cecha` lub `impl Cecha`:" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md +msgid "// struct NotClonable;\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md +msgid "\"{pair:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md +msgid "Try making a `NonClonable` and passing it to `duplicate`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md +msgid "When multiple traits are necessary, use `+` to join them." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md +msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters." +msgstr "Odczytuje sygnaturę funkcji, jeśli masz wiele parametrów." + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "It has additional features making it more powerful." +msgstr "Posiada dodatkowe funkcje, dzięki którym jest potężniejszy." + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can " +"be arbitrary, like `Option`." +msgstr "" +"Jeśli ktoś zapyta, dodatkową cechą jest to, że typ po lewej stronie „:” może " +"być dowolny, na przykład `Option`." + +#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md +msgid "" +"Note that Rust does not (yet) support specialization. For example, given the " +"original `duplicate`, it is invalid to add a specialized `duplicate(a: u32)`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/impl-trait.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function " +"arguments and return values:" +msgstr "" +"Podobnie jak w przypadku granic cech, składnia `impl Trait` może być używana " +"w funkcji argumenty i zwracane wartości:" + +#: src/generics/impl-trait.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"// Syntactic sugar for:\n" +"// fn add_42_millions>(x: T) -> i32 {\n" +msgstr "// Cukier syntaktyczny do: // fn add_42_millions\\() -> B` can return any " +"type satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with " +"`let x: Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::" +">()`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/impl-trait.md +msgid "" +"What is the type of `debuggable`? Try `let debuggable: () = ..` to see what " +"the error message shows." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/exercise.md +msgid "" +"In this short exercise, you will implement a generic `min` function that " +"determines the minimum of two values, using a `LessThan` trait." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md +msgid "/// Return true if self is less than other.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/exercise.md +msgid "// TODO: implement the `min` function used in `main`.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md +msgid "\"Shapiro\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md +msgid "\"Baumann\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md +msgid "[Standard Library Types](./std-types.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md +msgid "[Standard Library Traits](./std-traits.md) (1 hour and 40 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types.md +msgid "[Standard Library](./std-types/std.md) (3 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types.md +msgid "[Documentation](./std-types/docs.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types.md +msgid "[Option](./std-types/option.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types.md +msgid "[Result](./std-types/result.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types.md +msgid "[String](./std-types/string.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types.md +msgid "[Vec](./std-types/vec.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types.md +msgid "[HashMap](./std-types/hashmap.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types.md +msgid "[Exercise: Counter](./std-types/exercise.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types.md src/memory-management.md src/slices-and-lifetimes.md +msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 10 minutes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types.md +msgid "" +"For each of the slides in this section, spend some time reviewing the " +"documentation pages, highlighting some of the more common methods." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/std.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common " +"types used by Rust libraries and programs. This way, two libraries can work " +"together smoothly because they both use the same `String` type." +msgstr "" +"Rust jest dostarczany ze standardową biblioteką, która pomaga ustalić zestaw " +"typowych typów używany przez bibliotekę i programy Rusta. W ten sposób dwie " +"biblioteki mogą ze sobą współpracować płynnie, ponieważ oba używają tego " +"samego typu `String`." + +#: src/std-types/std.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, " +"`alloc` and `std`." +msgstr "" +"W rzeczywistości Rust zawiera kilka warstw Biblioteki Standardowej: `core`, " +"`alloc` i `std`." + +#: src/std-types/std.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on " +"`libc`, allocator or even the presence of an operating system." +msgstr "" +"`core` zawiera najbardziej podstawowe typy i funkcje, które nie zależą od " +"`libc`, alokatora lub nawet obecność systemu operacyjnego." + +#: src/std-types/std.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, " +"`Box` and `Arc`." +msgstr "" +"`alloc` obejmuje typy, które wymagają globalnego alokatora sterty, takie jak " +"`Vec`, `Box` i `Arc`." + +#: src/std-types/std.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`." +msgstr "" +"Aplikacje Embedded Rust często używają tylko `core`, a czasami `alloc`." + +#: src/std-types/docs.md +msgid "Rust comes with extensive documentation. For example:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/docs.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"All of the details about [loops](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/reference/" +"expressions/loop-expr.html)." +msgstr "" +"Zobacz [Odniesienie do Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout." +"html)." + +#: src/std-types/docs.md +msgid "" +"Primitive types like [`u8`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive." +"u8.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/docs.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Standard library types like [`Option`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/" +"option/enum.Option.html) or [`BinaryHeap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/" +"std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html)." +msgstr "" +"[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) i [`Write`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) używane do IO," + +#: src/std-types/docs.md +msgid "In fact, you can document your own code:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/docs.md +msgid "" +"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second " +"argument.\n" +"///\n" +"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/docs.md +msgid "" +"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are " +"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the [rustdoc]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is " +"idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/docs.md +msgid "" +"To document an item from inside the item (such as inside a module), use `//!" +"` or `/*! .. */`, called \"inner doc comments\":" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/docs.md +msgid "" +"//! This module contains functionality relating to divisibility of " +"integers.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/docs.md +msgid "" +"Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at ." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/option.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Option" +msgstr "Funkcje" + +#: src/std-types/option.md +msgid "" +"We have already seen some use of `Option`. It stores either a value of " +"type `T` or nothing. For example, [`String::find`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"stable/std/string/struct.String.html#method.find) returns an `Option`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/option.md +msgid "\"Löwe 老虎 Léopard Gepardi\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/option.md +msgid "'é'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/option.md +msgid "\"find returned {position:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/option.md +msgid "'Z'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/option.md +msgid "\"Character not found\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/option.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Option` is widely used, not just in the standard library." +msgstr "" +"`Opcja` i `Wynik` są szeroko stosowane nie tylko w standardowej bibliotece." + +#: src/std-types/option.md +msgid "" +"`unwrap` will return the value in an `Option`, or panic. `expect` is similar " +"but takes an error message." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/option.md +msgid "" +"You can panic on None, but you can't \"accidentally\" forget to check for " +"None." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/option.md +msgid "" +"It's common to `unwrap`/`expect` all over the place when hacking something " +"together, but production code typically handles `None` in a nicer fashion." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/option.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The niche optimization means that `Option` often has the same size in " +"memory as `T`." +msgstr "" +"Jako optymalizacja niszowa dyskryminator wyliczeniowy jest łączony ze " +"wskaźnikiem, dzięki czemu `Option<&Foo>` ma taki sam rozmiar jak `&Foo`." + +#: src/std-types/result.md +msgid "Result" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/result.md +msgid "" +"`Result` is similar to `Option`, but indicates the success or failure of an " +"operation, each with a different type. This is similar to the `Res` defined " +"in the expression exercise, but generic: `Result` where `T` is used in " +"the `Ok` variant and `E` appears in the `Err` variant." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/result.md +msgid "\"diary.txt\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/result.md +msgid "\"Dear diary: {contents} ({bytes} bytes)\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/result.md +msgid "\"Could not read file content\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/result.md +msgid "\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/result.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the " +"developer to explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the " +"case where an error should never happen, `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be " +"called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too." +msgstr "" +"Podobnie jak w przypadku `Opcji`, pomyślna wartość znajduje się wewnątrz " +"`Result`, zmuszając programistę do tego wyraźnie go wyodrębnić. To zachęca " +"do sprawdzania błędów. W przypadku, gdy błąd nigdy nie powinien się " +"wydarzyć, Można wywołać `unwrap()` lub `expect()`, co również jest sygnałem " +"intencji programisty." + +#: src/std-types/result.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it " +"is worth mentioning. It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions " +"that help functional-style programming." +msgstr "" +"Dokumentacja `Result` jest zalecaną lekturą. Nie w trakcie kursu, ale warto " +"o tym wspomnieć. Zawiera wiele wygodnych metod i funkcji, które pomagają " +"programować w stylu funkcjonalnym." + +#: src/std-types/result.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on " +"Day 3." +msgstr "" +"`Result` to standardowy typ implementacji obsługi błędów, jak zobaczymy w " +"dniu 3." + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "String" +msgstr "String" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) is the " +"standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:" +msgstr "" +"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) to " +"standardowy bufor ciągów znaków UTF-8 przydzielony na stercie:" + +#: src/std-types/string.md src/std-traits/read-and-write.md +#: src/memory-management/review.md src/testing/unit-tests.md +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md +msgid "\"Hello\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "'!'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "\"🇨🇭\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`String` implements [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), which means that you can call " +"all `str` methods on a `String`." +msgstr "" +"`String` implementuje [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), co oznacza, że możesz wywołać " +"wszystkie Metody `str` na `Stringu`." + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "" +"`String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when " +"you know how much data you want to push to the string." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "" +"`String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be " +"different from its length in characters)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "" +"`String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a " +"`char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" due " +"to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/" +"unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "" +"When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or " +"`String`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "" +"When a type implements `Deref`, the compiler will let you " +"transparently call methods from `T`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "" +"We haven't discussed the `Deref` trait yet, so at this point this mostly " +"explains the structure of the sidebar in the documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "" +"`String` implements `Deref` which transparently gives it " +"access to `str`'s methods." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1;`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "" +"`String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the " +"operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but " +"with some extra guarantees." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "Compare the different ways to index a `String`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "" +"To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, " +"out-of-bounds." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/string.md +msgid "" +"To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character " +"boundaries or not." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/vec.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) is the standard " +"resizable heap-allocated buffer:" +msgstr "" +"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) to standardowy " +"bufor alokowany na stercie o zmiennym rozmiarze:" + +#: src/std-types/vec.md +msgid "\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/vec.md +msgid "\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/vec.md +msgid "// Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/vec.md +msgid "// Retain only the even elements.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/vec.md +msgid "\"{v3:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/vec.md +msgid "// Remove consecutive duplicates.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/vec.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`Vec` implements [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/" +"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), which means that you can call slice " +"methods on a `Vec`." +msgstr "" +"`Vec` implementuje [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/" +"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-[T]), co oznacza, że możesz wywołać slice " +"metody na `Vec`." + +#: src/std-types/vec.md +msgid "" +"`Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data " +"it contains is stored on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't " +"need to be known at compile time. It can grow or shrink at runtime." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/vec.md +msgid "" +"Notice how `Vec` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` " +"explicitly. As always with Rust type inference, the `T` was established " +"during the first `push` call." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/vec.md +msgid "" +"`vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it " +"supports adding initial elements to the vector." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/vec.md +msgid "" +"To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. " +"Alternatively, using `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will " +"remove the last element." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/vec.md +msgid "" +"Slices are covered on day 3. For now, students only need to know that a " +"value of type `Vec` gives access to all of the documented slice methods, too." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:" +msgstr "Standardowa mapa haszująca z ochroną przed atakami HashDoS:" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "\"Pride and Prejudice\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "\"Les Misérables\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "\"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "\"{book}: {count} pages\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "\"{book} is unknown.\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "// Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "\"{page_counts:#?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope." +msgstr "" +"`HashMap` nie jest zdefiniowany we wstępie i musi zostać uwzględniony w " +"zakresie." + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the " +"hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will insert " +"the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found." +msgstr "" +"Wypróbuj następujące wiersze kodu. Pierwsza linia pokaże, czy książka " +"znajduje się w mapie skrótów, a jeśli nie, zwróci wartość alternatywną. " +"Drugi wiersz wstawi alternatywną wartość do mapy skrótów, jeśli książka nie " +"zostanie znaleziona." + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "\"The Hunger Games\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "" +"Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-" +"From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), which allows " +"us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-" +"value tuples." +msgstr "" +"Alternatywnie HashMap można zbudować z dowolnego `Iteratora`, który daje " +"krotki klucz-wartość." + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"We are showing `HashMap`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make " +"examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be done, " +"but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker." +msgstr "" +"Pokazujemy `HashMap` i unikamy używania `&str` jako klucza, aby " +"ułatwić przykłady. Korzystanie z referencji w kolekcjach jest oczywiście " +"możliwe, ale może to prowadzić do komplikacji z sprawdzaniem pożyczek." + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still " +"compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?" +msgstr "" +"Spróbuj usunąć `to_string()` z powyższego przykładu i sprawdź, czy nadal się " +"kompiluje. Jak myślisz, gdzie możemy napotkać problemy?" + +#: src/std-types/hashmap.md +msgid "" +"This type has several \"method-specific\" return types, such as `std::" +"collections::hash_map::Keys`. These types often appear in searches of the " +"Rust docs. Show students the docs for this type, and the helpful link back " +"to the `keys` method." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/exercise.md +msgid "" +"In this exercise you will take a very simple data structure and make it " +"generic. It uses a [`std::collections::HashMap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"stable/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html) to keep track of which values " +"have been seen and how many times each one has appeared." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/exercise.md +msgid "" +"The initial version of `Counter` is hard coded to only work for `u32` " +"values. Make the struct and its methods generic over the type of value being " +"tracked, that way `Counter` can track any type of value." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/exercise.md +msgid "" +"If you finish early, try using the [`entry`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"stable/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html#method.entry) method to halve the " +"number of hash lookups required to implement the `count` method." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md +msgid "" +"/// Counter counts the number of times each value of type T has been seen.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md +msgid "/// Create a new Counter.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md +msgid "/// Count an occurrence of the given value.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md +msgid "/// Return the number of times the given value has been seen.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md +msgid "\"saw {} values equal to {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md +msgid "\"apple\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md +msgid "\"orange\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md +msgid "\"got {} apples\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits.md +msgid "[Comparisons](./std-traits/comparisons.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits.md +msgid "[Operators](./std-traits/operators.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits.md +msgid "[From and Into](./std-traits/from-and-into.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits.md +msgid "[Casting](./std-traits/casting.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits.md +msgid "[Read and Write](./std-traits/read-and-write.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits.md +msgid "[Default, struct update syntax](./std-traits/default.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits.md +msgid "[Closures](./std-traits/closures.md) (20 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits.md +msgid "[Exercise: ROT13](./std-traits/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits.md +msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 40 minutes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits.md +msgid "" +"As with the standard-library types, spend time reviewing the documentation " +"for each trait." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits.md +msgid "This section is long. Take a break midway through." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md +msgid "" +"These traits support comparisons between values. All traits can be derived " +"for types containing fields that implement these traits." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md +msgid "`PartialEq` and `Eq`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md +msgid "" +"`PartialEq` is a partial equivalence relation, with required method `eq` and " +"provided method `ne`. The `==` and `!=` operators will call these methods." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md +msgid "" +"`Eq` is a full equivalence relation (reflexive, symmetric, and transitive) " +"and implies `PartialEq`. Functions that require full equivalence will use " +"`Eq` as a trait bound." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`PartialOrd` and `Ord`" +msgstr "`Odczyt` i `Zapis`" + +#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md +msgid "" +"`PartialOrd` defines a partial ordering, with a `partial_cmp` method. It is " +"used to implement the `<`, `<=`, `>=`, and `>` operators." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md +msgid "`Ord` is a total ordering, with `cmp` returning `Ordering`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md +msgid "" +"`PartialEq` can be implemented between different types, but `Eq` cannot, " +"because it is reflexive:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md +msgid "" +"In practice, it's common to derive these traits, but uncommon to implement " +"them." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/operators.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):" +msgstr "" +"Przeciążanie operatora jest realizowane poprzez cechy w [`std::ops`](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):" + +#: src/std-traits/operators.md +msgid "\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/operators.md src/memory-management/drop.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Discussion points:" +msgstr "Punkty dyskusji:" + +#: src/std-traits/operators.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful?" +msgstr "" +"Możesz zaimplementować `Add` dla `&Point`. W jakich sytuacjach jest to " +"przydatne?" + +#: src/std-traits/operators.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are overloading " +"the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading the operator for " +"`&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the call site." +msgstr "" +"Odpowiedź: `Add:add` zużywa `self`. Jeśli wpisz `T` za którym jesteś " +"przeciążanie operatora nie jest `Kopiuj`, powinieneś rozważyć przeciążanie " +"operator dla `&T` również. Pozwala to uniknąć niepotrzebnego klonowania w " +"pliku Zadzwoń do serwisu." + +#: src/std-traits/operators.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter of the " +"method?" +msgstr "" +"Dlaczego `Output` jest powiązanym typem? Czy można go ustawić jako parametr " +"typu?" + +#: src/std-traits/operators.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Short answer: Function type parameters are controlled by the caller, but " +"associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementer of a " +"trait." +msgstr "" +"Krótka odpowiedź: Parametry typu są kontrolowane przez dzwoniącego, ale " +"powiązane typy (takie jak `Output`) są kontrolowane przez implementatora a " +"cecha." + +#: src/std-traits/operators.md +msgid "" +"You could implement `Add` for two different types, e.g. `impl Add<(i32, " +"i32)> for Point` would add a tuple to a `Point`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Types implement [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From." +"html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) to " +"facilitate type conversions:" +msgstr "" +"Typy implementują [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From." +"html) i [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) w " +"celu ułatwienia konwersji typów:" + +#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md +msgid "\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) is " +"automatically implemented when [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +"convert/trait.From.html) is implemented:" +msgstr "" +"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) jest " +"automatycznie implementowane po zaimplementowaniu [`From`](https://doc.rust-" +"lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html):" + +#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get " +"`Into` implementation too." +msgstr "" +"Dlatego często implementuje się tylko `From`, ponieważ twój typ również " +"otrzyma implementację `Into`." + +#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be " +"converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`. " +"Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ " +"implement `Into`." +msgstr "" +"Deklarując typ wejściowy argumentu funkcji, taki jak „wszystko, co można " +"przekonwertować na `String`”, zasada jest odwrotna, należy użyć `Into`. " +"Twoja funkcja akceptuje typy, które implementują `From` i te, które _tylko_ " +"implementują `Into`." + +#: src/std-traits/casting.md +msgid "" +"Rust has no _implicit_ type conversions, but does support explicit casts " +"with `as`. These generally follow C semantics where those are defined." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/casting.md +msgid "\"as u16: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/casting.md +msgid "\"as i16: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/casting.md +msgid "\"as u8: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/casting.md +msgid "" +"The results of `as` are _always_ defined in Rust and consistent across " +"platforms. This might not match your intuition for changing sign or casting " +"to a smaller type -- check the docs, and comment for clarity." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/casting.md +msgid "" +"Casting with `as` is a relatively sharp tool that is easy to use " +"incorrectly, and can be a source of subtle bugs as future maintenance work " +"changes the types that are used or the ranges of values in types. Casts are " +"best used only when the intent is to indicate unconditional truncation (e.g. " +"selecting the bottom 32 bits of a `u64` with `as u32`, regardless of what " +"was in the high bits)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/casting.md +msgid "" +"For infallible casts (e.g. `u32` to `u64`), prefer using `From` or `Into` " +"over `as` to confirm that the cast is in fact infallible. For fallible " +"casts, `TryFrom` and `TryInto` are available when you want to handle casts " +"that fit differently from those that don't." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/casting.md +msgid "Consider taking a break after this slide." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/casting.md +msgid "" +"`as` is similar to a C++ static cast. Use of `as` in cases where data might " +"be lost is generally discouraged, or at least deserves an explanatory " +"comment." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/casting.md +msgid "This is common in casting integers to `usize` for use as an index." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Using [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and " +"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), you can " +"abstract over `u8` sources:" +msgstr "" +"Używając [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) i " +"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), możesz " +"wyodrębnić źródła `u8`:" + +#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md +msgid "b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md +msgid "\"lines in slice: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md +msgid "\"lines in file: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Similarly, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) lets " +"you abstract over `u8` sinks:" +msgstr "" +"Podobnie, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) " +"pozwala na abstrakcję nad ujściami `u8`:" + +#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md +msgid "\"\\n\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +msgid "\"World\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md +msgid "\"Logged: {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/default.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "The `Default` Trait" +msgstr "Cecha „Domyślna”." + +#: src/std-traits/default.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) trait " +"produces a default value for a type." +msgstr "" +"Cecha [`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) " +"zapewnia domyślną implementację cechy." + +#: src/std-traits/default.md +msgid "\"John Smith\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/default.md +msgid "\"{default_struct:#?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/default.md +msgid "\"Y is set!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/default.md +msgid "\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/default.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "\"{:#?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/default.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`." +msgstr "" +"Może być zaimplementowany bezpośrednio lub wyprowadzony przez " +"`#[derive(Default)]`." + +#: src/std-traits/default.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"A derived implementation will produce a value where all fields are set to " +"their default values." +msgstr "" +"Implementacja pochodna utworzy instancję, w której wszystkie pola zostaną " +"ustawione na wartości domyślne." + +#: src/std-traits/default.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too." +msgstr "" +"Oznacza to, że wszystkie typy w strukturze muszą również implementować " +"`Default`." + +#: src/std-traits/default.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. " +"`0`, `\"\"`, etc)." +msgstr "" +"Standardowe typy Rust często implementują `Default` z rozsądnymi wartościami " +"(np. `0`, `\"\"` itp.)." + +#: src/std-traits/default.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "The partial struct initialization works nicely with default." +msgstr "Częściowa kopia struktury dobrze działa z ustawieniami domyślnymi." + +#: src/std-traits/default.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and " +"provides convenience methods that use it." +msgstr "" +"Standardowa biblioteka Rust jest świadoma, że typy mogą implementować " +"`Default` i zapewnia wygodne metody, które z niej korzystają." + +#: src/std-traits/default.md +msgid "" +"The `..` syntax is called [struct update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-instances-from-other-instances-" +"with-struct-update-syntax)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, " +"they implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn." +"html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and " +"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:" +msgstr "" +"Domknięcia lub wyrażenia lambda mają typy, których nie można nazwać. Jednak " +"oni zaimplementować specjalne [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait." +"Fn.html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html) oraz " +"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) cechy:" + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"Calling function on {input}\"" +msgstr "Wywoływanie niebezpiecznych funkcji" + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +msgid "\"add_3: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +msgid "\"accumulate: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +msgid "\"multiply_sum: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"An `Fn` (e.g. `add_3`) neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or " +"perhaps captures nothing at all. It can be called multiple times " +"concurrently." +msgstr "" +"`Fn` ani nie konsumuje, ani nie mutuje przechwyconych wartości, a być może w " +"ogóle nie przechwytuje niczego, więc może być wywoływane wiele razy " +"jednocześnie." + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"An `FnMut` (e.g. `accumulate`) might mutate captured values. You can call it " +"multiple times, but not concurrently." +msgstr "" +"`FnMut` może zmutować przechwycone wartości, więc możesz go wywoływać wiele " +"razy, ale nie jednocześnie." + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"If you have an `FnOnce` (e.g. `multiply_sum`), you may only call it once. It " +"might consume captured values." +msgstr "" +"Jeśli masz `FnOnce`, możesz wywołać go tylko raz. Może zużywać przechwycone " +"wartości." + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. " +"I.e. you can use an `FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can " +"use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce` is called for." +msgstr "" +"`FnMut` jest podtypem `FnOnce`. `Fn` jest podtypem `FnMut` i `FnOnce`. Tj. " +"możesz użyć `FnMut` wszędzie tam, gdzie wymagane jest `FnOnce`, a `Fn` można " +"użyć wszędzie tam, gdzie `FnMut` lub `FnOnce` jest wezwany." + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +msgid "" +"When you define a function that takes a closure, you should take `FnOnce` if " +"you can (i.e. you call it once), or `FnMut` else, and last `Fn`. This allows " +"the most flexibility for the caller." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +msgid "" +"In contrast, when you have a closure, the most flexible you can have is `Fn` " +"(it can be passed everywhere), then `FnMut`, and lastly `FnOnce`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +msgid "" +"The compiler also infers `Copy` (e.g. for `add_3`) and `Clone` (e.g. " +"`multiply_sum`), depending on what the closure captures." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +msgid "" +"By default, closures will capture by reference if they can. The `move` " +"keyword makes them capture by value." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +msgid "\"Hi\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/closures.md +msgid "\"there\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/exercise.md +msgid "" +"In this example, you will implement the classic [\"ROT13\" cipher](https://" +"en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13). Copy this code to the playground, and " +"implement the missing bits. Only rotate ASCII alphabetic characters, to " +"ensure the result is still valid UTF-8." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/exercise.md +msgid "// Implement the `Read` trait for `RotDecoder`.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/exercise.md src/std-traits/solution.md +msgid "\"Gb trg gb gur bgure fvqr!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/exercise.md src/std-traits/solution.md +msgid "\"To get to the other side!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/exercise.md +msgid "" +"What happens if you chain two `RotDecoder` instances together, each rotating " +"by 13 characters?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/std-traits/solution.md +msgid "'A'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md +msgid "Welcome to Day 3" +msgstr "Witamy w dniu 3" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md +msgid "Today, we will cover:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md +msgid "" +"Memory management, lifetimes, and the borrow checker: how Rust ensures " +"memory safety." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md +msgid "Smart pointers: standard library pointer types." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md +msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-3.md) (3 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md +msgid "[Memory Management](./memory-management.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md +msgid "[Smart Pointers](./smart-pointers.md) (45 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md +msgid "" +"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 15 " +"minutes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management.md +msgid "[Review of Program Memory](./memory-management/review.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management.md +msgid "" +"[Approaches to Memory Management](./memory-management/approaches.md) (10 " +"minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management.md +msgid "[Ownership](./memory-management/ownership.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management.md +msgid "[Move Semantics](./memory-management/move.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management.md +msgid "[Clone](./memory-management/clone.md) (2 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management.md +msgid "[Copy Types](./memory-management/copy-types.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management.md +msgid "[Drop](./memory-management/drop.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management.md +msgid "[Exercise: Builder Type](./memory-management/exercise.md) (20 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/review.md +msgid "Programs allocate memory in two ways:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables." msgstr "Stos: ciągły obszar pamięci dla zmiennych lokalnych." -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:4 +#: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Values have fixed sizes known at compile time." msgstr "Wartości mają stałe rozmiary znane w czasie kompilacji." -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:5 +#: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer." msgstr "Niezwykle szybki: wystarczy przesunąć wskaźnik stosu." -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:6 +#: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Easy to manage: follows function calls." msgstr "Łatwy w zarządzaniu: podąża za wywołaniami funkcji." -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:7 +#: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Great memory locality." msgstr "Świetna lokalność pamięci." -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:9 +#: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls." msgstr "Sterta: Przechowywanie wartości poza wywołaniami funkcji." -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:10 +#: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime." msgstr "Wartości mają dynamiczne rozmiary określone w czasie wykonywania." -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:11 +#: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed." msgstr "Nieco wolniejsza niż stos: potrzebne trochę księgowości." -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:12 +#: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "No guarantee of memory locality." msgstr "Brak gwarancji lokalności pamięci." -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Stack and Heap Example" -msgstr "Stos a sterta" - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:3 +#: src/memory-management/review.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized metadata on the stack and dynamically " @@ -6201,37 +7573,811 @@ msgstr "" "Utworzenie `String` powoduje umieszczenie danych o stałym rozmiarze na " "stosie i danych o dynamicznym rozmiarze na stercie:" -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:6 +#: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and " +"length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap." msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" -"}\n" +"Wspomnij, że `String` jest oparty o `Vec`, więc ma pojemność i długość, i " +"jeżeli jest mutowalny to może rosnąć poprzez realokację na stercie." + +#: src/memory-management/review.md +msgid "" +"If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap " +"allocated using the [System Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/" +"struct.System.html) and custom allocators can be implemented using the " +"[Allocator API](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)" +msgstr "" +"Jeżeli uczniowie o to zapytają to możesz wspomnieć, że pamięć na stercie " +"jest alokowana za pomocą [alokatora systemowego](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"std/alloc/struct.System.html) I własny alokator może być zaimplementowany " +"używając [API alokatora](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)" + +#: src/memory-management/review.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` Rust. However, you should " +"point out that this is rightfully unsafe!" +msgstr "" +"Możemy zrobić inspekcję rozłożenia pamięci w niebezpiecznym (`unsafe`) " +"kodzie. Jednak należy zauważyć, że jest to niebezpieczne!" + +#: src/memory-management/review.md src/testing/unit-tests.md +msgid "' '" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/review.md +msgid "\"world\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/review.md +msgid "" +"// DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n" +" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead " +"to\n" +" // undefined behavior.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/review.md +msgid "\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:" +msgstr "Tradycyjnie języki dzieliły się na dwie szerokie kategorie:" + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ..." +msgstr "" +"Pełna kontrola poprzez ręczne zarządzanie pamięcią: C, C++, Pascal, ..." + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "Programmer decides when to allocate or free heap memory." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "" +"Programmer must determine whether a pointer still points to valid memory." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "Studies show, programmers make mistakes." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "" +"Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, " +"Haskell, ..." +msgstr "" +"Pełne bezpieczeństwo dzięki automatycznemu zarządzaniu pamięcią w czasie " +"wykonywania: Java, Python, Go, Haskell, ..." + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "" +"A runtime system ensures that memory is not freed until it can no longer be " +"referenced." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "" +"Typically implemented with reference counting, garbage collection, or RAII." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "Rust offers a new mix:" +msgstr "Rust oferuje nową mieszankę:" + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "" +"Full control _and_ safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory " +"management." +msgstr "" +"Pełna kontrola _i_ bezpieczeństwo poprzez egzekwowanie poprawnego " +"zarządzania pamięcią w czasie kompilacji." + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept." +msgstr "Czyni to z wyraźną koncepcją własności." + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "" +"This slide is intended to help students coming from other languages to put " +"Rust in context." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "" +"C must manage heap manually with `malloc` and `free`. Common errors include " +"forgetting to call `free`, calling it multiple times for the same pointer, " +"or dereferencing a pointer after the memory it points to has been freed." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "" +"C++ has tools like smart pointers (`unique_ptr`, `shared_ptr`) that take " +"advantage of language guarantees about calling destructors to ensure memory " +"is freed when a function returns. It is still quite easy to mis-use these " +"tools and create similar bugs to C." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "" +"Java, Go, and Python rely on the garbage collector to identify memory that " +"is no longer reachable and discard it. This guarantees that any pointer can " +"be dereferenced, eliminating use-after-free and other classes of bugs. But, " +"GC has a runtime cost and is difficult to tune properly." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/approaches.md +msgid "" +"Rust's ownership and borrowing model can, in many cases, get the performance " +"of C, with alloc and free operations precisely where they are required -- " +"zero cost. It also provides tools similar to C++'s smart pointers. When " +"required, other options such as reference counting are available, and there " +"are even third-party crates available to support runtime garbage collection " +"(not covered in this class)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/ownership.md +msgid "" +"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error " +"to use a variable outside its scope:" +msgstr "" +"Wszystkie przywiązania zmiennych mają _zakres_, w którym są prawidłowe. " +"Użycie zmiennej poza jej zakresem jest błędem:" + +#: src/memory-management/ownership.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"We say that the variable _owns_ the value. Every Rust value has precisely " +"one owner at all times." +msgstr "Mówi się, że zmienna _posiada_ wartość." + +#: src/memory-management/ownership.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed. A " +"destructor can run here to free up resources." +msgstr "Na końcu zakresu, zmienna jest _upuszczana_ i dane są zwalniane." + +#: src/memory-management/ownership.md +msgid "" +"Students familiar with garbage-collection implementations will know that a " +"garbage collector starts with a set of \"roots\" to find all reachable " +"memory. Rust's \"single owner\" principle is a similar idea." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "An assignment will transfer _ownership_ between variables:" +msgstr "Przypisanie przeniesie własność pomiędzy zmiennymi:" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"Hello!\"" +msgstr "Witaj świecie!" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +msgid "\"s2: {s2}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +msgstr "" +"```\n" +"println!(\"potem: {a}\");\n" "```" -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:12 +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership." +msgstr "Przypisanie `s1` do `s2` przenosi własność." + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it does not own anything." +msgstr "" +"Kiedy zmienna `s1` wychodzi poza zakres, nic się nie dzieje: nie ma " +"własności." + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed." +msgstr "" +"Kiedy zmienna `s2` wychodzi poza zakres, dane łańcucha znaków są zwalniane." + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "Before move to `s2`:" +msgstr "Przed przeniesieniem do `s2`:" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "After move to `s2`:" +msgstr "Po przeniesieniu do `s2`:" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n" -": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" +": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n" +": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +": s2 : |\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : |\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n" +": | len | 4 | :\n" +": | capacity | 4 | :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ :\n" +": :\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" msgstr "" "```bob\n" +" Stos Sterta\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" +": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n" +": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +": s2 : |\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : |\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n" +": | len | 4 | :\n" +": | capacity | 4 | :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ :\n" +": :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "" +"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function " +"parameter. This transfers ownership:" +msgstr "" +"Kiedy przekazujesz wartość do funkcji, wartość jest przypisywana do " +"parametru funkcji. To przenosi własność:" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "\"Hello {name}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md src/android/interoperability/java.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"Alice\"" +msgstr "Wycinki" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "// say_hello(name);\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "" +"Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by " +"value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!)." +msgstr "" +"Wspomnij, że jest to na odwrót niż w C++, który domyślnie kopiuje wartości " +"chyba, że jest użyte `std::move` (i zdefiniowany konstruktor przenoszenia!)." + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "" +"It is only the ownership that moves. Whether any machine code is generated " +"to manipulate the data itself is a matter of optimization, and such copies " +"are aggressively optimized away." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "" +"Simple values (such as integers) can be marked `Copy` (see later slides)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)." +msgstr "W Ruście, klonowanie jest jawne (za pomocą `clone`)." + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "In the `say_hello` example:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "" +"With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. " +"Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`." +msgstr "" +"Przy pierwszym wywołaniu `say_hello`, `main` oddaje własność `name`. Potem " +"`name` nie może być już użyte wewnątrz `main`." + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "" +"The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the " +"`say_hello` function." +msgstr "" +"Dane zaalokowane na stercie dla `name` będą zwolnione na końcu wywołania " +"funkcji `say_hello`." + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "" +"`main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and " +"if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter." +msgstr "" +"`main` może zachować własność jeżeli przekaże `name` jako referencję " +"(`&name`) i jeżeli `say_hello` akceptuje referencję jako parameter." + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "" +"Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name." +"clone()`)." +msgstr "" +"Alternatywnie, `main` może przekazać klona `name` w pierwszym wywołaniu " +"(`name.clone()`)." + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "" +"Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move " +"semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit." +msgstr "" +"Przez używanie semantyki przenoszenia domyślnie i przez zmuszanie " +"programistów do jawnego tworzenia klonów, Rust powoduje, że przypadkowe " +"tworzenie kopii jest trudniejsze niż w C++." + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Defensive Copies in Modern C++" +msgstr "Podwójne zwalnianie pamięci w nowoczesnym C++" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:" +msgstr "Nowoczesny C++ rozwiązuje to inaczej:" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "\"Cpp\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "// Duplicate the data in s1.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "" +"The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy." +msgstr "" +"Dane sterty z `s1` są zduplikowane i `s2` dostaje swoją niezależną kopię." + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory." +msgstr "" +"Kiedy `s1` i `s2` wychodzą poza zakres, obydwie zmienne zwalniają swoją " +"pamięć." + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "Before copy-assignment:" +msgstr "Przed przypisywaniem kopiującym:" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "After copy-assignment:" +msgstr "Po przypisaniu kopiującym:" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "" +"C++ has made a slightly different choice than Rust. Because `=` copies data, " +"the string data has to be cloned. Otherwise we would get a double-free when " +"either string goes out of scope." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "" +"C++ also has [`std::move`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/move), " +"which is used to indicate when a value may be moved from. If the example had " +"been `s2 = std::move(s1)`, no heap allocation would take place. After the " +"move, `s1` would be in a valid but unspecified state. Unlike Rust, the " +"programmer is allowed to keep using `s1`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/move.md +msgid "" +"Unlike Rust, `=` in C++ can run arbitrary code as determined by the type " +"which is being copied or moved." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/clone.md +msgid "Clone" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/clone.md +msgid "" +"Sometimes you _want_ to make a copy of a value. The `Clone` trait " +"accomplishes this." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/clone.md +msgid "" +"The idea of `Clone` is to make it easy to spot where heap allocations are " +"occurring. Look for `.clone()` and a few others like `Vec::new` or `Box::" +"new`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/clone.md +msgid "" +"It's common to \"clone your way out\" of problems with the borrow checker, " +"and return later to try to optimize those clones away." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md +msgid "" +"While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:" +msgstr "" +"Semantyka przenoszenia jest domyślna, ale niektóre typy są domyślnie " +"kopiowane:" + +#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md +msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait." +msgstr "Te typy implementują cechę `Copy`." + +#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md +msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:" +msgstr "" +"Możesz spowodować żeby semantyka kopiowania była używana dla twoich własnych " +"typów:" + +#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md +msgid "After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data." +msgstr "" +"Po przypisaniu, obydwie zmienne `p1` i `p2` mają swoje dane na własność." + +#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md +msgid "We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data." +msgstr "Możemy też użyć `p1.clone()` żeby jawnie skopiować dane." + +#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md +msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:" +msgstr "Kopiowanie i klonowanie to nie to samo:" + +#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md +msgid "" +"Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on " +"arbitrary objects." +msgstr "" +"Kopiowanie odnosi się do bezpośredniego kopiowania pamięci i nie działa dla " +"wszystkich obiektów." + +#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md +msgid "" +"Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++)." +msgstr "" +"Kopiowanie nie pozwala na własną logikę (jak konstruktory kopiowania w C++)." + +#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md +msgid "" +"Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by " +"implementing the `Clone` trait." +msgstr "" +"Klonowanie jest ogólniejszą operacją i pozwala na własne zachowanie poprzez " +"implementację cechy `Clone`." + +#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md +msgid "Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait." +msgstr "Kopiowanie nie działa na typach, które implementują cechę `Drop`." + +#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md +msgid "In the above example, try the following:" +msgstr "W powyższym przykładzie spróbuj następującego:" + +#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md +msgid "" +"Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` " +"is not a `Copy` type." +msgstr "" +"Dodaj pole `String` do `struct Point`. Nie skompiluje się bo `String` nie " +"jest typem `Copy`." + +#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the " +"`println!` for `p1`." +msgstr "" +"Usuń `Copy` z atrybutu `derive`. Kompilator teraz zwróci błąd w `println!` " +"dla `p1`." + +#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md +msgid "Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead." +msgstr "Pokaż, że zadziała jeżeli zamiast tego sklonujesz `p1`." + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "The `Drop` Trait" +msgstr "Cecha „Upuść”." + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Values which implement [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop." +"html) can specify code to run when they go out of scope:" +msgstr "" +"Wartości, które implementują [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/" +"trait.Drop.html), mogą określać kod do wykonania, gdy wykraczają poza zakres:" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +msgid "\"Dropping {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "\"a\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "\"b\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +msgid "\"c\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +msgid "\"d\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +msgid "\"Exiting block B\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +msgid "\"Exiting block A\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +msgid "\"Exiting main\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +msgid "Note that `std::mem::drop` is not the same as `std::ops::Drop::drop`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +msgid "Values are automatically dropped when they go out of scope." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +msgid "" +"When a value is dropped, if it implements `std::ops::Drop` then its `Drop::" +"drop` implementation will be called." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +msgid "" +"All its fields will then be dropped too, whether or not it implements `Drop`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +msgid "" +"`std::mem::drop` is just an empty function that takes any value. The " +"significance is that it takes ownership of the value, so at the end of its " +"scope it gets dropped. This makes it a convenient way to explicitly drop " +"values earlier than they would otherwise go out of scope." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +msgid "" +"This can be useful for objects that do some work on `drop`: releasing locks, " +"closing files, etc." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?" +msgstr "Dlaczego `Drop::drop` nie przyjmuje `self`?" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of the " +"block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack overflow!" +msgstr "" +"Krótka odpowiedź: gdyby tak było, `std::mem::drop` zostałoby wywołane na " +"końcu blok, co skutkuje kolejnym wywołaniem `Drop::drop` i stosem przelewowy!" + +#: src/memory-management/drop.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`." +msgstr "Spróbuj zamienić `drop(a)` na `a.drop()`." + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md +msgid "" +"In this example, we will implement a complex data type that owns all of its " +"data. We will use the \"builder pattern\" to support building a new value " +"piece-by-piece, using convenience functions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md +msgid "Fill in the missing pieces." +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "/// A representation of a software package.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "" +"/// Return a representation of this package as a dependency, for use in\n" +" /// building other packages.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md +msgid "\"1\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "" +"/// A builder for a Package. Use `build()` to create the `Package` itself.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md +msgid "\"2\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "/// Set the package version.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "/// Set the package authors.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md +msgid "\"3\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "/// Add an additional dependency.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md +msgid "\"4\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "/// Set the language. If not set, language defaults to None.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md +msgid "\"5\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "\"base64\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "\"0.13\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "\"base64: {base64:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "\"log\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "\"0.4\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "\"log: {log:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "\"serde\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "\"djmitche\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "\"4.0\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "\"serde: {serde:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/memory-management/solution.md +msgid "\"0.1\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers.md +msgid "[Box" +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers.md +msgid "](./smart-pointers/box.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers.md +msgid "[Rc](./smart-pointers/rc.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers.md +msgid "[Exercise: Binary Tree](./smart-pointers/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) is an owned " +"pointer to data on the heap:" +msgstr "" +"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) jest posiadanym " +"wskaźnikiem do danych na stercie:" + +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md +msgid "\"five: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`Box` implements `Deref`, which means that you can [call " +"methods from `T` directly on a `Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/" +"trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)." +msgstr "" +"`Box` implementuje `Deref`, co oznacza, że możesz [wywoływać " +"metody z `T` bezpośrednio na `Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/" +"trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)." + +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:" +msgstr "" +"Rekurencyjne typy danych lub typy danych o dynamicznych rozmiarach muszą " +"używać `Box`:" + +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md +msgid "/// A non-empty list: first element and the rest of the list.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md +msgid "/// An empty list.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md +msgid "\"{list:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"- - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": " +"list : : :\n" +": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ +------+----" +"+----+ :\n" +": | Element | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Element | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // " +"| // | :\n" +": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ +------+----" +"+----+ :\n" +": : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +"'- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"- - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```bob\n" " Stos Sterta\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" @@ -6245,1033 +8391,319 @@ msgstr "" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:28 -msgid "" -"Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and " -"length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap." -msgstr "" -"Wspomnij, że `String` jest oparty o `Vec`, więc ma pojemność i długość, i " -"jeżeli jest mutowalny to może rosnąć poprzez realokację na stercie." - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:30 -msgid "" -"If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap " -"allocated using the [System Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/" -"struct.System.html) and custom allocators can be implemented using the " -"[Allocator API](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)" -msgstr "" -"Jeżeli uczniowie o to zapytają to możesz wspomnieć, że pamięć na stercie " -"jest alokowana za pomocą [alokatora systemowego](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"std/alloc/struct.System.html) I własny alokator może być zaimplementowany " -"używając [API alokatora](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)" - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:32 -msgid "" -"We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should " -"point out that this is rightfully unsafe!" -msgstr "" -"Możemy zrobić inspekcję rozłożenia pamięci w niebezpiecznym (`unsafe`) " -"kodzie. Jednak należy zauważyć, że jest to niebezpieczne!" - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:34 +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" -" s1.push(' ');\n" -" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n" -" // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n" -" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead " -"to\n" -" // undefined behavior.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" let (ptr, capacity, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::" -"transmute(s1);\n" -" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"`Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be " +"not null." msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" -" s1.push(' ');\n" -" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n" -" // NIE PRÓBUJCIE TEGO W DOMU! Tylko dla celów edukacyjnych.\n" -" // String nie gwarantuje rozłożenia pamięci więc to może prowadzić do\n" -" // niezdefiniowanego zachowania.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" let (capacity, ptr, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::" -"transmute(s1);\n" -" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"`Box` jest jak `std::unique_ptr` w C++, z tą różnicą, że nie jest puste." -#: src/memory-management/manual.md:3 -msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself." -msgstr "Możesz własnoręcznie alokować i zwalniać pamięć sterty." +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "A `Box` can be useful when you:" +msgstr "Pudełko może być przydatne, gdy:" -#: src/memory-management/manual.md:5 -msgid "" -"If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security " -"vulnerabilities, and memory leaks." -msgstr "" -"Jeżeli nie jest to zrobione z uwagą to może prowadzić do załamania " -"(\"crash\"), błędów, problemów bezpieczeństwa i wycieków pamięci." - -#: src/memory-management/manual.md:7 -msgid "C Example" -msgstr "Przykład C" - -#: src/memory-management/manual.md:9 -msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:" -msgstr "" -"Musisz wywołać `free` na każdym wskaźniku, który alokujesz za pomocą " -"`malloc`:" - -#: src/memory-management/manual.md:11 +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"```c\n" -"void foo(size_t n) {\n" -" int* int_array = malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n" -" //\n" -" // ... lots of code\n" -" //\n" -" free(int_array);\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust " +"compiler wants to know an exact size." msgstr "" -"```c\n" -"void foo(size_t n) {\n" -" int* int_array = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n" -" //\n" -" // ... dużo kodu\n" -" //\n" -" free(int_array);\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"mieć typ, którego rozmiar nie może być znany w czasie kompilacji, ale " +"kompilator Rust chce znać dokładny rozmiar." -#: src/memory-management/manual.md:21 +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and `free`: " -"the pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory. Worse, freeing the " -"pointer twice, or accessing a freed pointer can lead to exploitable security " -"vulnerabilities." +"want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large " +"amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` " +"so only the pointer is moved." msgstr "" -"Pamięć wycieka jeżeli funkcja zwróci pomiędzy `malloc` i `free`: wskaźnik " -"jest stracony i nie możemy zwolnić pamięci." +"chcesz przenieść własność dużej ilości danych. Aby uniknąć kopiowania dużych " +"ilości danych na stosie, zamiast tego przechowuj dane na stercie w `Box`, " +"tak aby przesuwany był tylko wskaźnik." -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:3 -msgid "" -"Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object." -msgstr "Konstruktory i destruktory pozwalają wpiąć się do czasu życia obiektu." - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:5 -msgid "" -"By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object is " -"destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an exception " -"is raised." -msgstr "" -"Przez opakowania wskaźnika w obiekt, możesz zwolnić pamięć jeżeli obiekt " -"jest zniszczony. Kompilator to gwarantuje, nawet jeżeli rzucony jest wyjątek." - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:9 -msgid "" -"This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and " -"gives you smart pointers." -msgstr "" -"Często jest to nazywane inicjowaniem przy pozyskaniu zasobu (ang. _resource " -"acquisition is initialization_ (RAII)) i pozwala nam na inteligentne " -"wskaźniki." - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:12 -msgid "C++ Example" -msgstr "Przykład C++" - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:14 -msgid "" -"```c++\n" -"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr person) {\n" -" std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```c++\n" -"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr person) {\n" -" std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:20 -msgid "" -"The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to memory " -"allocated on the heap." -msgstr "" -"Obiekt `std::unique_ptr` jest alokowany na stosie i wskazuje na pamięć " -"zaalokowaną na stercie." - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:22 -msgid "At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run." -msgstr "Na końcu `say_hello` jest wywoływany destruktor `std::unique_ptr`." - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:23 -msgid "The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to." -msgstr "Destruktor zwalnia pamięć obiektu `Person` na który wskazuje." - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:25 -msgid "" -"Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:" -msgstr "" -"Specjalne konstruktory przenoszenia są używane kiedy własność jest " -"przekazywana do funkcji:" - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:27 -msgid "" -"```c++\n" -"std::unique_ptr person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n" -"say_hello(std::move(person));\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```c++\n" -"std::unique_ptr person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n" -"say_hello(std::move(person));\n" -"```" - -#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:1 -msgid "Automatic Memory Management" -msgstr "Automatyczne zarządzanie pamięcią" - -#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:3 -msgid "" -"An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic " -"memory management:" -msgstr "" -"Alternatywą do ręcznego zarządzania pamięcią i zarządzania opartego o zasięg " -"jest automatyczne zarządzanie pamięcią:" - -#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:6 -msgid "The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly." -msgstr "Programista nigdy wyraźnie nie alokuje i nie zwalnia pamięci." - -#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:7 -msgid "" -"A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the " -"programmer." -msgstr "" -"Odśmiecacz pamięci znajduje nieużywaną pamięć i zwalnia ją dla programisty." - -#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:9 -msgid "Java Example" -msgstr "Przykład Javy" - -#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:11 -msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:" -msgstr "Obiekt `person` nie jest zwalniany po zwróceniu z `sayHello`:" - -#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:13 -msgid "" -"```java\n" -"void sayHello(Person person) {\n" -" System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```java\n" -"void sayHello(Person person) {\n" -" System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:1 -msgid "Memory Management in Rust" -msgstr "Zarządzanie pamięcią w Ruście" - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:3 -msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:" -msgstr "Zarządzanie pamięcią w Ruście to mieszanka:" - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:5 -msgid "Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector." -msgstr "Bezpieczne i prawidłowe jak w Javie, ale bez odśmiecania pamięci." - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:6 -msgid "" -"Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you choose, " -"can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically reference " -"counted." -msgstr "" -"W zależności którą abstrakcję (lub kombinację abstrakcji) wybierzesz to może " -"być pojedynczy unikalny wskażnik, zliczanie referencji lub atomiczne " -"zliczanie referencji." - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:7 -msgid "Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence." -msgstr "" -"Oparte o zakres jak w C++, ale kompilator egzekwuje pełne przestrzeganie." - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:8 -msgid "" -"A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even " -"have no cost at runtime like C." -msgstr "" -"Użytkownika Rusta wybiera właściwą abstrakcję w zależności od sytuacji, " -"niektóre nie mają nawet kosztu w czasie uruchomienia jak w C." - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:10 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Rust achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly." -msgstr "Osiąga to przez wyraźne modelowanie _własności_." - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:14 -msgid "" -"If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually " -"handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" -"boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." -"html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html), or [Arc]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). These encapsulate " -"ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the potential " -"errors in C." -msgstr "" -"Jeżeli uczniowie zapytają w tym momencie jak, to wspomnij, że w Ruście to " -"przeważnie jest zrobione za pomocą opakowań takich jak [Box](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"std/vec/struct.Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc." -"html), czy [Arc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). Typy " -"te zapewniają własność i alokację pamięci różnymi metodami i zapobiegają " -"potencjalnym problemom w C." - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:16 -msgid "" -"You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop](https://doc.rust-lang." -"org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) trait is the Rust equivalent." -msgstr "" -"Możesz dostać pytanie o destruktory, cecha [Drop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"std/ops/trait.Drop.html) to Rustowy odpowiednik." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:3 -msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques." -msgstr "Tutaj z grubsza porównujemy techniki zarządzania pamięcią." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:5 -msgid "Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques" -msgstr "Zalety różnych technik zarządzania pamięcią" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:7 src/memory-management/comparison.md:22 -msgid "Manual like C:" -msgstr "Ręczne jak w C:" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:8 src/memory-management/comparison.md:14 -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:17 -msgid "No runtime overhead." -msgstr "Brak kosztu w czasie działania." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:9 src/memory-management/comparison.md:26 -msgid "Automatic like Java:" -msgstr "Automatyczne jak w Javie:" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:10 -msgid "Fully automatic." -msgstr "W pełnie automatyczne." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:11 -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:18 -msgid "Safe and correct." -msgstr "Bezpieczne i prawidłowe." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:12 -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:29 -msgid "Scope-based like C++:" -msgstr "Oparte o zakres jak w C++:" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:13 -msgid "Partially automatic." -msgstr "Częściowo automatyczne." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:15 -msgid "Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:" -msgstr "Egzekwowane przez kompilator oparte o zakres jak w Ruście:" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:16 -msgid "Enforced by compiler." -msgstr "Egzekwowane przez kompilator." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:20 -msgid "Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques" -msgstr "Wady różnych technik zarządzania pamięcią" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:23 -msgid "Use-after-free." -msgstr "Użycie po zwolnieniu." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:24 -msgid "Double-frees." -msgstr "Podwójne zwolnienie." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:25 -msgid "Memory leaks." -msgstr "Wycieki pamięci." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:27 -msgid "Garbage collection pauses." -msgstr "Pauzy na odśmiecanie pamięci." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:28 -msgid "Destructor delays." -msgstr "Opóźnienie destruktorów." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:30 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Complex, opt-in by programmer (on C++)." -msgstr "Skomplikowane, dobrowolnie używane przez programistę." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:31 -msgid "Circular references can lead to memory leaks" -msgstr "" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:32 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Potential runtime overhead" -msgstr "Brak kosztu w czasie działania." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:33 -msgid "Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:" -msgstr "Egzekwowane przez kompilator oparte o zakres jak w Ruście:" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:34 -msgid "Some upfront complexity." -msgstr "Pewna złożoność z góry." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:35 -msgid "Can reject valid programs." -msgstr "Może odrzucić prawidłowe programy." - -#: src/ownership.md:3 -msgid "" -"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error " -"to use a variable outside its scope:" -msgstr "" -"Wszystkie przywiązania zmiennych mają _zakres_, w którym są prawidłowe. " -"Użycie zmiennej poza jej zakresem jest błędem:" - -#: src/ownership.md:6 +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" {\n" -" let p = Point(3, 4);\n" -" println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"If `Box` was not used and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the " +"`List`, the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory " +"(`List` would be of infinite size)." msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = 42;\n" -" let y = x;\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"Jeśli `Box` nie został tutaj użyty i próbowaliśmy osadzić `List` " +"bezpośrednio w `List`, kompilator nie obliczyłby stałego rozmiaru struktury " +"w pamięci, wyglądałby na nieskończony." -#: src/ownership.md:18 -msgid "" -"At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed." -msgstr "Na końcu zakresu, zmienna jest _upuszczana_ i dane są zwalniane." - -#: src/ownership.md:19 -msgid "A destructor can run here to free up resources." -msgstr "Destruktor może być uruchomiony żeby zwolnić zasoby." - -#: src/ownership.md:20 -msgid "We say that the variable _owns_ the value." -msgstr "Mówi się, że zmienna _posiada_ wartość." - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:3 +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md #, fuzzy -msgid "An assignment will transfer _ownership_ between variables:" -msgstr "Przypisanie przeniesie własność pomiędzy zmiennymi:" - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:5 msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n" -" let s2: String = s1;\n" -" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"`Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and " +"just points at the next element of the `List` in the heap." msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: String = String::from(\"Cześć!\");\n" -" let s2: String = s1;\n" -" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"`Box` rozwiązuje ten problem, ponieważ ma taki sam rozmiar jak zwykły " +"wskaźnik i po prostu wskazuje następny element „Listy” w stercie." -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:14 -msgid "The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership." -msgstr "Przypisanie `s1` do `s2` przenosi własność." - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:15 +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md #, fuzzy -msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it does not own anything." -msgstr "" -"Kiedy zmienna `s1` wychodzi poza zakres, nic się nie dzieje: nie ma " -"własności." - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:16 -msgid "When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed." -msgstr "" -"Kiedy zmienna `s2` wychodzi poza zakres, dane łańcucha znaków są zwalniane." - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:17 -msgid "There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value." -msgstr "" -"Zawsze jest _dokładnie_ jedno przypisanie do zmiennej, które ma dane na " -"własność." - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:21 msgid "" -"Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by " -"value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!)." +"Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. " +"\"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or " +"reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly." msgstr "" -"Wspomnij, że jest to na odwrót niż w C++, który domyślnie kopiuje wartości " -"chyba, że jest użyte `std::move` (i zdefiniowany konstruktor przenoszenia!)." +"Usuń `Box` w definicji listy i pokaż błąd kompilatora. „Rekurencyjne z " +"kierunkiem” to wskazówka, że możesz chcieć użyć pewnego rodzaju pudełka lub " +"odniesienia, zamiast bezpośrednio przechowywać wartość." -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:23 +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md +msgid "Niche Optimization" +msgstr "Niszowa optymalizacja" + +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"It is only the ownership that moves. Whether any machine code is generated " -"to manipulate the data itself is a matter of optimization, and such copies " -"are aggressively optimized away." +"A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This " +"allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:" msgstr "" +"`Box` nie może być pusty, więc wskaźnik jest zawsze ważny i nie ma wartości " +"`null`. Ten pozwala kompilatorowi zoptymalizować układ pamięci:" -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:25 -msgid "" -"Simple values (such as integers) can be marked `Copy` (see later slides)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:27 -msgid "In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)." -msgstr "W Ruście, klonowanie jest jawne (za pomocą `clone`)." - -#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:3 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n" -" let s2: String = s1;\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n" -" let s2: String = s1;\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:10 -msgid "The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`." -msgstr "Dane sterty z `s1` są użyte ponownie dla `s2`." - -#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:11 -msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)." -msgstr "" -"Kiedy `s1` wychodzi poza zakres, nic się nie dzieje (dane zostały z niej " -"przeniesione)." - -#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:13 -msgid "Before move to `s2`:" -msgstr "Przed przeniesieniem do `s2`:" - -#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:15 +#: src/smart-pointers/box.md +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" -": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -": :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": list : : :\n" +": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ :\n" +": | Element | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Element | 2 | // | :\n" +": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ :\n" +": : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +"'- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" msgstr "" "```bob\n" -" Stos Sterta\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" -": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -": :\n" +" Stos Sterta\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n" +": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" -#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:30 -msgid "After move to `s2`:" -msgstr "Po przeniesieniu do `s2`:" - -#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:32 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" -": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n" -": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -": s2 : |\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : |\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n" -": | len | 4 | :\n" -": | capacity | 4 | :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ :\n" -": :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" Stos Sterta\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" -": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n" -": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -": s2 : |\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : |\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n" -": | len | 4 | :\n" -": | capacity | 4 | :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ :\n" -": :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Extra Work in Modern C++" -msgstr "Podwójne zwalnianie pamięci w nowoczesnym C++" - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:3 -msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:" -msgstr "Nowoczesny C++ rozwiązuje to inaczej:" - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:5 -msgid "" -"```c++\n" -"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n" -"std::string s2 = s1; // Duplicate the data in s1.\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```c++\n" -"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n" -"std::string s2 = s1; // Duplikowanie danych z s1.\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:10 -msgid "" -"The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy." -msgstr "" -"Dane sterty z `s1` są zduplikowane i `s2` dostaje swoją niezależną kopię." - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:11 -msgid "When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory." -msgstr "" -"Kiedy `s1` i `s2` wychodzą poza zakres, obydwie zmienne zwalniają swoją " -"pamięć." - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:13 -msgid "Before copy-assignment:" -msgstr "Przed przypisywaniem kopiującym:" - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:16 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" -": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" Stos Sterta\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" -": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:30 -msgid "After copy-assignment:" -msgstr "Po przypisaniu kopiującym:" - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:32 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" -": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -": s2 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n" -": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" Stos Sterta\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" -": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -": s2 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n" -": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:3 -msgid "" -"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function " -"parameter. This transfers ownership:" -msgstr "" -"Kiedy przekazujesz wartość do funkcji, wartość jest przypisywana do " -"parametru funkcji. To przenosi własność:" - -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:6 +#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn say_hello(name: String) {\n" -" println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n" -" say_hello(name);\n" -" // say_hello(name);\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) is a reference-" +"counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer to the same data " +"from multiple places:" msgstr "" -"fn main() { let name = String::from(\"Alice\"); say_hello(name); // " -"say_hello(name); }" +"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) jest współdzielonym " +"wskaźnikiem zliczanym przez referencje. Użyj tego, gdy potrzebujesz się " +"odnieść do tych samych danych z wielu miejsc:" -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:20 -msgid "" -"With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. " -"Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`." +#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md +msgid "\"a: {a}\"" msgstr "" -"Przy pierwszym wywołaniu `say_hello`, `main` oddaje własność `name`. Potem " -"`name` nie może być już użyte wewnątrz `main`." -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:21 -msgid "" -"The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the " -"`say_hello` function." +#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md +msgid "\"b: {b}\"" msgstr "" -"Dane zaalokowane na stercie dla `name` będą zwolnione na końcu wywołania " -"funkcji `say_hello`." -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:22 -msgid "" -"`main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and " -"if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter." -msgstr "" -"`main` może zachować własność jeżeli przekaże `name` jako referencję " -"(`&name`) i jeżeli `say_hello` akceptuje referencję jako parameter." - -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:23 -msgid "" -"Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name." -"clone()`)." -msgstr "" -"Alternatywnie, `main` może przekazać klona `name` w pierwszym wywołaniu " -"(`name.clone()`)." - -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:24 -msgid "" -"Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move " -"semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit." -msgstr "" -"Przez używanie semantyki przenoszenia domyślnie i przez zmuszanie " -"programistów do jawnego tworzenia klonów, Rust powoduje, że przypadkowe " -"tworzenie kopii jest trudniejsze niż w C++." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:3 -msgid "" -"While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:" -msgstr "" -"Semantyka przenoszenia jest domyślna, ale niektóre typy są domyślnie " -"kopiowane:" - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = 42;\n" -" let y = x;\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = 42;\n" -" let y = x;\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:14 -msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait." -msgstr "Te typy implementują cechę `Copy`." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:16 -msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:" -msgstr "" -"Możesz spowodować żeby semantyka kopiowania była używana dla twoich własnych " -"typów:" - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:18 +#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" -" let p2 = p1;\n" -" println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n" -" println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"See [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) and [`Mutex`](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) if you are in a multi-threaded " +"context." msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = 42;\n" -" let y = x;\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"Zobacz [`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), jeśli " +"pracujesz w kontekście wielowątkowym." -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:30 -msgid "After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data." -msgstr "" -"Po przypisaniu, obydwie zmienne `p1` i `p2` mają swoje dane na własność." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:31 -msgid "We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data." -msgstr "Możemy też użyć `p1.clone()` żeby jawnie skopiować dane." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:35 -msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:" -msgstr "Kopiowanie i klonowanie to nie to samo:" - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:37 +#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on " -"arbitrary objects." +"You can _downgrade_ a shared pointer into a [`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang." +"org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) pointer to create cycles that will get dropped." msgstr "" -"Kopiowanie odnosi się do bezpośredniego kopiowania pamięci i nie działa dla " -"wszystkich obiektów." +"Możesz _zmniejszyć_ współdzielony wskaźnik do wskaźnika [`Weak`](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html), aby tworzyć cykle że zostanie " +"upuszczony." -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:38 +#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md msgid "" -"Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++)." +"`Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there " +"are references." msgstr "" -"Kopiowanie nie pozwala na własną logikę (jak konstruktory kopiowania w C++)." -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:39 -msgid "" -"Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by " -"implementing the `Clone` trait." +#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md +msgid "`Rc` in Rust is like `std::shared_ptr` in C++." msgstr "" -"Klonowanie jest ogólniejszą operacją i pozwala na własne zachowanie poprzez " -"implementację cechy `Clone`." -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:40 -msgid "Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait." -msgstr "Kopiowanie nie działa na typach, które implementują cechę `Drop`." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:42 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:29 -msgid "In the above example, try the following:" -msgstr "W powyższym przykładzie spróbuj następującego:" - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:44 +#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` " -"is not a `Copy` type." +"`Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and " +"increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally " +"be ignored when looking for performance issues in code." msgstr "" -"Dodaj pole `String` do `struct Point`. Nie skompiluje się bo `String` nie " -"jest typem `Copy`." +"`clone` jest tanie: tworzy wskaźnik do tej samej alokacji i zwiększa liczbę " +"odwołań." -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:45 +#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the " -"`println!` for `p1`." +"`make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") " +"and returns a mutable reference." msgstr "" -"Usuń `Copy` z atrybutu `derive`. Kompilator teraz zwróci błąd w `println!` " -"dla `p1`." +"`make_mut` faktycznie klonuje wewnętrzną wartość, jeśli to konieczne („clone-" +"on-write”) i zwraca mutowalną referencję." -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:46 -msgid "Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead." -msgstr "Pokaż, że zadziała jeżeli zamiast tego sklonujesz `p1`." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:48 -msgid "" -"If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a way " -"to generate code in Rust at compile time. In this case the default " -"implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated." +#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md +msgid "Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count." msgstr "" -"Jeżeli studenci zapytają o `derive`, to wystarczy powiedzieć, że to sposób " -"na generowanie kodu Rusta w czasie kompilacji. W tym przypadku będą " -"wygenerowane domyślne implementacje cech `Copy` i `Clone`." -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:3 +#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, you can let a " -"function _borrow_ the value:" +"`Rc::downgrade` gives you a _weakly reference-counted_ object to create " +"cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with `RefCell`)." +msgstr "" +"Możesz `downgrade()` `Rc` do obiektu _słabo zliczanego_, aby tworzyć cykle, " +"które zostaną poprawnie upuszczone (prawdopodobnie w połączeniu z `Komórka " +"Ref`)." + +#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md +msgid "" +"A binary tree is a tree-type data structure where every node has two " +"children (left and right). We will create a tree where each node stores a " +"value. For a given node N, all nodes in a N's left subtree contain smaller " +"values, and all nodes in N's right subtree will contain larger values." +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md +msgid "Implement the following types, so that the given tests pass." +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md +msgid "" +"Extra Credit: implement an iterator over a binary tree that returns the " +"values in order." +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md +msgid "/// A node in the binary tree.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md +msgid "/// A possibly-empty subtree.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md +msgid "" +"/// A container storing a set of values, using a binary tree.\n" +"///\n" +"/// If the same value is added multiple times, it is only stored once.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md +msgid "// Implement `new`, `insert`, `len`, and `has`.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md +msgid "// not a unique item\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/smart-pointers/solution.md src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "\"bar\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md +msgid "[Borrowing](./borrowing.md) (1 hour)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md +msgid "" +"[Slices and Lifetimes](./slices-and-lifetimes.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md +msgid "" +"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 20 " +"minutes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing.md +msgid "[Borrowing a Value](./borrowing/shared.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing.md +msgid "[Borrow Checking](./borrowing/borrowck.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing.md +msgid "[Interior Mutability](./borrowing/interior-mutability.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing.md +msgid "[Exercise: Health Statistics](./borrowing/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/shared.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"As we saw before, instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, " +"you can let a function _borrow_ the value:" msgstr "" "Zamiast przekazywania własności w momencie wywołania funkcji, możesz " "_pożyczyć_ funkcji wartość:" -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n" -" Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" -" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n" -" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n" -" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:22 +#: src/borrowing/shared.md msgid "The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point." msgstr "Funkcja `add` _pożycza_ dwa punkty i zwraca nowy punkt." -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:23 +#: src/borrowing/shared.md msgid "The caller retains ownership of the inputs." msgstr "Wywołujący funkcję zachowuje własność." -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:27 +#: src/borrowing/shared.md +msgid "" +"This slide is a review of the material on references from day 1, expanding " +"slightly to include function arguments and return values." +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/shared.md msgid "Notes on stack returns:" msgstr "Kilka notatek na temat zwracania przez stos:" -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:28 +#: src/borrowing/shared.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can " "eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses " -"and run it on the [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) or look at the " -"assembly in [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). In the \"DEBUG\" " -"optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay the same " -"when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:" +"and run it on the [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" +"version=stable&mode=release&edition=2021&gist=0cb13be1c05d7e3446686ad9947c4671) " +"or look at the assembly in [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). In the " +"\"DEBUG\" optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay " +"the same when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:" msgstr "" "Pokaż, że zwracanie z `add` jest tanie bo kompilator eliminuje kopiowanie. " "Zmień powyższy kod żeby pokazać adresy na stosie i uruchom w [Playground]" "(https://play.rust-lang.org/). W optymalizacji \"DEBUG\" adresy powinny się " "zmienić, ale przy użyciu ustawienia \"RELEASE\" powinny pozostać te same:" -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:30 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n" -" let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n" -" println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n" -" p\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" -" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n" -" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n" -" println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n" -" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:48 +#: src/borrowing/shared.md msgid "The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO)." msgstr "" -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:49 +#: src/borrowing/shared.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because " @@ -7288,50 +8720,32 @@ msgstr "" "`memcpy`.\n" "```" -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:3 -msgid "Rust puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values:" +#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Rust's _borrow checker_ puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values. " +"For a given value, at any time:" msgstr "Rust narzuca ograniczenia na sposób w jaki można pożyczać wartości:" -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:5 -msgid "You can have one or more `&T` values at any given time, _or_" +#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "You can have one or more shared references to the value, _or_" msgstr "" "Możesz mieć jedno lub więcej pożyczeń wartości `&T` w tym samym czasie, " "_albo_" -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:6 -msgid "You can have exactly one `&mut T` value." +#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "You can have exactly one exclusive reference to the value." msgstr "Możesz mieć dokładnie jedno pożyczenie wartości `&mut T`." -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:8 -#, fuzzy +#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a: i32 = 10;\n" -" let b: &i32 = &a;\n" -"\n" -" {\n" -" let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n" -" *c = 20;\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" -" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"Note that the requirement is that conflicting references not _exist_ at the " +"same point. It does not matter where the reference is dereferenced." msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let ref_x: &i32;\n" -" {\n" -" let x: i32 = 10;\n" -" ref_x = &x;\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:25 +#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "" "The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through " "`c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time." @@ -7339,7 +8753,7 @@ msgstr "" "Powyższy kod się nie kompiluje ponieważ `a` jest pożyczone jako mutowalne " "(przez `c`) i jako niemutowalne (przez `b`) w tym samym czasie." -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:26 +#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "" "Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` " "to make the code compile." @@ -7347,7 +8761,7 @@ msgstr "" "Przenieś instrukcję `println!` dla `b` przed zakres, który wprowadza `c`, " "żeby kod się kompilował." -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:27 +#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "" "After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before " "the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow " @@ -7357,212 +8771,511 @@ msgstr "" "mutowalnym pożyczeniem `a` przez `c`. Ta funkcja nadzorcy pożyczania nazywa " "się \"nieleksykalne czasy życia\" (ang. _non-lexical lifetimes_)." -#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:3 -msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:" -msgstr "Pożyczona wartość ma _czas życia_:" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "The lifetime can be implicit: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`." -msgstr "Czas życia może być pominięty: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:6 -msgid "Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`." -msgstr "Czasy życia mogą też być jawne: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:7 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:23 +#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "" -"Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the " -"lifetime `a`\"." +"The exclusive reference constraint is quite strong. Rust uses it to ensure " +"that data races do not occur. Rust also _relies_ on this constraint to " +"optimize code. For example, a value behind a shared reference can be safely " +"cached in a register for the lifetime of that reference." msgstr "" -"Czytaj `&'a Point` jako \"pożyczony `Point` który jest ważny co najmniej w " -"czasie życia `a`\"." -#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:9 +#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md +msgid "" +"The borrow checker is designed to accommodate many common patterns, such as " +"taking exclusive references to different fields in a struct at the same " +"time. But, there are some situations where it doesn't quite \"get it\" and " +"this often results in \"fighting with the borrow checker.\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md +msgid "" +"In some situations, it's necessary to modify data behind a shared (read-" +"only) reference. For example, a shared data structure might have an internal " +"cache, and wish to update that cache from read-only methods." +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md +msgid "" +"The \"interior mutability\" pattern allows exclusive (mutable) access behind " +"a shared reference. The standard library provides several ways to do this, " +"all while still ensuring safety, typically by performing a runtime check." +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`RefCell`" +msgstr "`RefKomórka`" + +#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md +msgid "\"graph: {root:#?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md +msgid "\"graph sum: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Cell`" +msgstr "`Komórka`" + +#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md +msgid "" +"`Cell` wraps a value and allows getting or setting the value, even with a " +"shared reference to the `Cell`. However, it does not allow any references to " +"the value. Since there are no references, borrowing rules cannot be broken." +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md +msgid "" +"The main thing to take away from this slide is that Rust provides _safe_ " +"ways to modify data behind a shared reference. There are a variety of ways " +"to ensure that safety, and `RefCell` and `Cell` are two of them." +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md +msgid "" +"`RefCell` enforces Rust's usual borrowing rules (either multiple shared " +"references or a single exclusive reference) with a runtime check. In this " +"case, all borrows are very short and never overlap, so the checks always " +"succeed." +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md +msgid "" +"`Rc` only allows shared (read-only) access to its contents, since its " +"purpose is to allow (and count) many references. But we want to modify the " +"value, so we need interior mutability." +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md +msgid "" +"`Cell` is a simpler means to ensure safety: it has a `set` method that takes " +"`&self`. This needs no runtime check, but requires moving values, which can " +"have its own cost." +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md +msgid "" +"Demonstrate that reference loops can be created by adding `root` to `subtree." +"children`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md +msgid "" +"To demonstrate a runtime panic, add a `fn inc(&mut self)` that increments " +"`self.value` and calls the same method on its children. This will panic in " +"the presence of the reference loop, with `thread 'main' panicked at 'already " +"borrowed: BorrowMutError'`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/exercise.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, " +"you need to keep track of users' health statistics." +msgstr "" +"Pracujesz nad wdrożeniem systemu monitorowania stanu. W ramach tego ty muszą " +"śledzić statystyki dotyczące zdrowia użytkowników." + +#: src/borrowing/exercise.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"You'll start with a stubbed function in an `impl` block as well as a `User` " +"struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out method on the " +"`User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block." +msgstr "" +"Zaczniesz od niektórych funkcji skrótowych w bloku `impl`, jak również " +"`Użytkownika` definicja struktury. Twoim celem jest zaimplementowanie " +"wygaszonych metod na `User` `struct` zdefiniowana w bloku `impl`." + +#: src/borrowing/exercise.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Copy the code below to and fill in the missing " +"method:" +msgstr "" +"Skopiuj poniższy kod na i uzupełnij brakujące " +"metody:" + +#: src/borrowing/exercise.md +msgid "" +"\"Update a user's statistics based on measurements from a visit to the " +"doctor\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/exercise.md src/borrowing/solution.md +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md src/android/aidl/client.md +msgid "\"Bob\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/borrowing/exercise.md src/borrowing/solution.md +msgid "\"I'm {} and my age is {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md +msgid "[Slices: &\\[T\\]](./slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md +msgid "[String References](./slices-and-lifetimes/str.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md +msgid "" +"[Lifetime Annotations](./slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md) (10 " +"minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md +msgid "" +"[Lifetime Elision](./slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md +msgid "" +"[Struct Lifetimes](./slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md +msgid "" +"[Exercise: Protobuf Parsing](./slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md +msgid "Slices" +msgstr "Wycinki" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md +msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:" +msgstr "Wycinek daje wgląd w większą kolekcję:" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md +msgid "Slices borrow data from the sliced type." +msgstr "Wycinki pożyczają dane od ciętego typu." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]` right before printing `s`?" +msgstr "Pytanie: Co się stanie, jeśli zmodyfikujesz `a[3]`?" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md +msgid "" +"We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending " +"indexes in brackets." +msgstr "" +"Tworzymy wycinek, pożyczając `a` i określając indeksy początkowe i końcowe w " +"nawiasach." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md +msgid "" +"If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the " +"starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are " +"identical." +msgstr "" +"Jeśli wycinek zaczyna się od indeksu 0, składnia zakresu Rusta pozwala nam " +"pominąć indeks początkowy, co oznacza, że `&a[0..a.len()]` i `&a[..a.len()]` " +"są identyczne ." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md +msgid "" +"The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are " +"identical." +msgstr "" +"To samo dotyczy ostatniego indeksu, więc `&a[2..a.len()]` i `&a[2..]` są " +"identyczne." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md +msgid "" +"To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`." +msgstr "Aby łatwo utworzyć wycinek pełnej tablicy, możemy zatem użyć `&a[..]`." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md +msgid "" +"`s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` " +"(`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform " +"computation on slices of different sizes." +msgstr "" +"`s` jest referencją do wycinka elementów `i32`. Zauważ, że typ `s` " +"(`&[i32]`) nie wspomina już o długości tablicy. To pozwala nam wykonywać " +"obliczenia na wycinkach o różnych rozmiarach." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain " +"'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice." +msgstr "" +"Wycinki zawsze pożyczają od innego obiektu. W tym przykładzie `a` musi " +"pozostać 'żywe' (w zakresie) przynajmniej tak długo, jak nasz wycinek." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but " +"the answer is that for memory safety reasons you cannot do it through `a` at " +"this point in the execution, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` " +"safely. It works before you created the slice, and again after the " +"`println`, when the slice is no longer used." +msgstr "" +"Pytanie o modyfikację `a[3]` może wywołać interesującą dyskusję, ale " +"odpowiedź jest taka, że ze względów bezpieczeństwa pamięci nie możesz tego " +"zrobić przez `a` po utworzeniu wycinka, ale możesz bezpiecznie odczytać dane " +"zarówno z `a` jak i `s`. Więcej szczegółów zostanie wyjaśnionych w sekcji o " +"nadzorcy pożyczania." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +msgid "" +"We can now understand the two string types in Rust: `&str` is almost like " +"`&[char]`, but with its data stored in a variable-length encoding (UTF-8)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +msgid "\"s1: {s1}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"Hello \"" +msgstr "Witaj świecie!" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +msgid "\"s3: {s3}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +msgid "Rust terminology:" +msgstr "Terminologia Rusta:" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +msgid "`&str` an immutable reference to a string slice." +msgstr "`&str` to niezmienna referencja do wycinka łańcucha." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +msgid "`String` a mutable string buffer." +msgstr "`String` to zmienny bufor łańcucha znaków." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 " +"encoded string data stored in a block of memory. String literals " +"(`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary." +msgstr "" +"`&str` wprowadza fragment łańcucha, który jest niezmiennym odniesieniem do " +"danych łańcuchowych zakodowanych w UTF-8 przechowywanych w bloku pamięci. " +"Literały łańcuchowe (`\"Witaj\"`) są przechowywane w pliku binarnym programu." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +msgid "" +"Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a " +"`Vec`, it is owned." +msgstr "" +"Typ `String` to opakowanie dla wektora bajtów. Tak jak `Vec`, ma dane na " +"własność." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string " +"literal; `String::new()` creates a new empty string, to which string data " +"can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods." +msgstr "" +"Tak jak z wieloma innymi typami `String::from()` tworzy łańcuch z literału " +"znaków; `String::new()` tworzy pusty łańcuch, do którego można dodać dane " +"za pomocą metod `push()` i `push_str()`." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from " +"dynamic values. It accepts the same format specification as `println!()`." +msgstr "" +"Makro `format!()` jest wygodnym sposobem generowania posiadanego łańcucha z " +"wartości dynamicznych. Akceptuje tę samą specyfikację formatu co `println!" +"()`." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +msgid "" +"You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range " +"selection. If you select a byte range that is not aligned to character " +"boundaries, the expression will panic. The `chars` iterator iterates over " +"characters and is preferred over trying to get character boundaries right." +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `std::string_view` from C++, but the " +"one that always points to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough " +"equivalent of `std::string` from C++ (main difference: it can only contain " +"UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization)." +msgstr "" +"Dla programistów C++: myśl o `&str` jako o `const char*` z C++, ale tym, " +"które zawsze wskazuje do prawidłowego ciągu w pamięci. Rust `String` jest " +"przybliżonym odpowiednikiem `std::string` z C++ (główna różnica: może " +"zawierać tylko bajty zakodowane w UTF-8 i nigdy nie użyje optymalizacji " +"małych ciągów)." + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Byte strings literals allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:" +msgstr "Wyliczenia umożliwiają zebranie zestawu wartości w ramach jednego typu" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md +msgid "" +"A reference has a _lifetime_, which must not \"outlive\" the value it refers " +"to. This is verified by the borrow checker." +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md +msgid "" +"The lifetime can be implicit - this is what we have seen so far. Lifetimes " +"can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`. Lifetimes start with " +"`'` and `'a` is a typical default name. Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed " +"`Point` which is valid for at least the lifetime `a`\"." +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md +#, fuzzy msgid "" "Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime " -"yourself." -msgstr "" -"Czasy życia zawsze są wyliczane przez kompilator: nie można samemu przypisać " -"czasu życia." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:11 -msgid "" -"Lifetime annotations create constraints; the compiler verifies that there is " -"a valid solution." +"yourself. Explicit lifetime annotations create constraints where there is " +"ambiguity; the compiler verifies that there is a valid solution." msgstr "" "Adnotacje czasu życia tworzą ograniczenia; kompilator weryfikuje, że " "istnieje prawidłowe rozwiązanie." -#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:13 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md +msgid "" +"Lifetimes become more complicated when considering passing values to and " +"returning values from functions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md +msgid "// What is the lifetime of p3?\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md +msgid "\"p3: {p3:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md +msgid "" +"In this example, the the compiler does not know what lifetime to infer for " +"`p3`. Looking inside the function body shows that it can only safely assume " +"that `p3`'s lifetime is the shorter of `p1` and `p2`. But just like types, " +"Rust requires explicit annotations of lifetimes on function arguments and " +"return values." +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md +msgid "Add `'a` appropriately to `left_most`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md +msgid "" +"This says, \"given p1 and p2 which both outlive `'a`, the return value lives " +"for at least `'a`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md +msgid "" +"In common cases, lifetimes can be elided, as described on the next slide." +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls" +msgstr "Czas życia w wywołaniach funkcji" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md msgid "" "Lifetimes for function arguments and return values must be fully specified, " "but Rust allows lifetimes to be elided in most cases with [a few simple " -"rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)." +"rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html). This is not " +"inference -- it is just a syntactic shorthand." msgstr "" -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:3 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md +msgid "Each argument which does not have a lifetime annotation is given one." +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md msgid "" -"In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed " -"value:" +"If there is only one argument lifetime, it is given to all un-annotated " +"return values." msgstr "" -"W dodatku do pożyczania swoich argumentów, funkcja może zwrócić pożyczoną " -"wartość:" -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:5 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md +msgid "" +"If there are multiple argument lifetimes, but the first one is for `self`, " +"that lifetime is given to all un-annotated return values." +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md +msgid "In this example, `cab_distance` is trivially elided." +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md +msgid "" +"The `nearest` function provides another example of a function with multiple " +"references in its arguments that requires explicit annotation." +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md +msgid "Try adjusting the signature to \"lie\" about the lifetimes returned:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md +msgid "" +"This won't compile, demonstrating that the annotations are checked for " +"validity by the compiler. Note that this is not the case for raw pointers " +"(unsafe), and this is a common source of errors with unsafe Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md +msgid "" +"Students may ask when to use lifetimes. Rust borrows _always_ have " +"lifetimes. Most of the time, elision and type inference mean these don't " +"need to be written out. In more complicated cases, lifetime annotations can " +"help resolve ambiguity. Often, especially when prototyping, it's easier to " +"just work with owned data by cloning values where necessary." +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md #, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" -" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" -" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" -" let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n" -" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() { let p1: Point = Point(10, 10); let p2: Point = Point(20, 20); " -"let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2); println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", " -"p3); }" +msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures" +msgstr "Czasy życia w strukturach danych" -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:21 -msgid "`'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler." -msgstr "`'a` to parameter generyczny, jest wyliczany przez kompilator." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:22 -msgid "Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name." -msgstr "Czas życia zaczyna się `'` i `'a` to typowa domyślna nazwa." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:25 -msgid "" -"The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes." -msgstr "To _co najmniej_ jest ważne jeżeli parametry są w różnych zakresach." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:31 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a new scope (`{ ... }`), " -"resulting in the following code:" -msgstr "" -"Przenieś deklarację `p2` i `p3` do nowego zakresu (`{ ... }`), powinieneś " -"otrzymać poniższy kod:" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:32 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" -" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" -" let p3: &Point;\n" -" {\n" -" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" -" p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() { let p1: Point = Point(10, 10); let p3: &Point; { let p2: Point = " -"Point(20, 20); p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2); } println!(\"left-most point: " -"{:?}\", p3); }" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:50 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`." -msgstr "" -"```\n" -"Zauważ, że teraz kod się nie kompiluje bo `p3` przeżywa `p2`.\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:52 -msgid "" -"Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn left_most<'a, " -"'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will not compile " -"because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` is unclear." -msgstr "" -"Zresetuj edytor i zmień sygnaturę funkcji na `fn left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a " -"Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. To się nie skompiluje bo zależność " -"pomiędzy czasami życia `'a` i `'b` jest niejasna." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:53 -msgid "Another way to explain it:" -msgstr "Inny sposób żeby to wytłumaczyć:" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:54 -msgid "" -"Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function " -"returns another reference." -msgstr "" -"Dwie referencje do dwóch wartości są pożyczone przez funkcję i funkcja musi " -"zwrócić inną referencję." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:56 -msgid "" -"It must have come from one of those two inputs (or from a global variable)." -msgstr "" -"Ta referencja musi pochodzić z jednego z dwóch wejść(lub ze zmiennej " -"globalnej)." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:57 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Which one is it? The compiler needs to know, so at the call site the " -"returned reference is not used for longer than a variable from where the " -"reference came from." -msgstr "" -"Która to? Kompilator musi wiedzieć, żeby w czasie wywołania zwracana " -"referencja nie jest używana dłużej niż zmienna z której pochodzi ta " -"referencja." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:3 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "" "If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:" msgstr "" "Jeżeli typ danych przechowuje pożyczone dane, to muszą one mieć adnotcję " "czasu życia:" -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n" -"\n" -"fn erase(text: String) {\n" -" println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." -"\");\n" -" let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n" -" let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n" -" // erase(text);\n" -" println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n" -" println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md +msgid "\"Bye {text}!\"" msgstr "" -"fn main() { let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the " -"lazy dog.\"); let fox = Highlight(&text\\[4..19\\]); let dog = " -"Highlight(&text\\[35..43\\]); // erase(text); println!(\"{fox:?}\"); println!" -"(\"{dog:?}\"); }" -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:25 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md +msgid "\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md +msgid "// erase(text);\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md +msgid "\"{fox:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md +msgid "\"{dog:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "" "In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data " "underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of " @@ -7572,7 +9285,7 @@ msgstr "" "zawartym `&str` żyły co najmniej tak długo jak instancja `Highlight`, która " "używa tych danych." -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:26 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "" "If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), " "the borrow checker throws an error." @@ -7580,7 +9293,7 @@ msgstr "" "Jeżeli `text` jest skonsumowany przed końcem życia `fox` (lub `dog`), to " "nadzorca pożyczania pokaże błąd." -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:27 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "" "Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This " "can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them " @@ -7590,13 +9303,13 @@ msgstr "" "danych. Jest to przydatne przy tworzeniu lekkich widoków, ale generalnie " "powoduje, że są trudniejsze w użyciu." -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:28 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "When possible, make data structures own their data directly." msgstr "" "Jeżeli możliwe twórz struktury danych, które bezpośrednio są właścicielami " "swoich danych." -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:29 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "" "Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime " "annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe lifetime " @@ -7608,3362 +9321,252 @@ msgstr "" "relację cyklu życia pomiędzy referencjami w dodatku do cyklu życia samej " "struktury. Są to bardzo zaawansowane przypadki użycia." -#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Day 2: Morning Exercises" -msgstr "Dzień 2: Ćwiczenia poranne" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:" -msgstr "Przyjrzymy się metodom implementacji w dwóch kontekstach:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Simple struct which tracks health statistics." -msgstr "Prosta struktura, która śledzi statystyki zdrowotne." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:7 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library." -msgstr "Wiele struktur i wyliczeń dla biblioteki rysunków." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/book-library.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec` type tomorrow. For " -"now, you just need to know part of its API:" -msgstr "" -"Jutro dowiemy się znacznie więcej o strukturach i typie `Vec`. Na razie, " -"wystarczy znać część jego API:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/book-library.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" -" vec.push(30);\n" -" let midpoint = vec.len() / 2;\n" -" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[midpoint]);\n" -" for item in &vec {\n" -" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" -" vec.push(30);\n" -" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[vec.len() / 2]);\n" -" for item in vec.iter() {\n" -" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/book-library.md:18 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Use this to model a library's book collection. Copy the code below to " -" and update the types to make it compile:" -msgstr "" -"Użyj tego, aby utworzyć aplikację biblioteczną. Skopiuj poniższy kod do " -" i zaktualizuj typy, aby skompilować:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/book-library.md:21 -msgid "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"struct Library {\n" -" books: Vec,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Book {\n" -" title: String,\n" -" year: u16,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Book {\n" -" // This is a constructor, used below.\n" -" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n" -" Book {\n" -" title: String::from(title),\n" -" year,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n" -"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n" -"//\n" -"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n" -"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n" -"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n" -"impl Library {\n" -" fn new() -> Library {\n" -" todo!(\"Initialize and return a `Library` value\")\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" -" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n" -" //}\n" -"\n" -" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" -" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n" -" //}\n" -"\n" -" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" -" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n" -" //}\n" -"\n" -" //fn print_books(self) {\n" -" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and " -"year\")\n" -" //}\n" -"\n" -" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" -" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n" -" //}\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n" -"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n" -"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n" -"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let library = Library::new();\n" -"\n" -" //println!(\"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", library." -"is_empty());\n" -" //\n" -" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" -" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " -"1865));\n" -" //\n" -" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", " -"library.is_empty());\n" -" //\n" -" //\n" -" //library.print_books();\n" -" //\n" -" //match library.oldest_book() {\n" -" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n" -" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n" -" //}\n" -" //\n" -" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n" -" //library.print_books();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/book-library.md:102 -msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)" -msgstr "[Rozwiązanie](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the " -"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and " -"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) " -"traits." -msgstr "" -"Model własności Rust wpływa na wiele interfejsów API. Przykładem tego jest " -"tzw [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) i " -"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) " -"cechy." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:8 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:28 -msgid "`Iterator`" -msgstr "`Iterator`" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:10 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. The " -"`Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get `None` " -"back:" -msgstr "" -"Cechy są jak interfejsy: opisują zachowanie (metody) dla typu. The Cecha " -"`Iterator` mówi po prostu, że możesz wywoływać `next`, dopóki nie otrzymasz " -"z powrotem `None`:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:13 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"pub trait Iterator {\n" -" type Item;\n" -" fn next(&mut self) -> Option;\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"pub trait Iterator {\n" -" type Item;\n" -" fn next(&mut self) -> Option;\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:20 -#, fuzzy -msgid "You use this trait like this:" -msgstr "Używasz tej cechy w ten sposób:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:22 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.iter();\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -" println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -" println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -" println!(\"No more items: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```\n" -"println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -"println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -"println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -"println!(\"Nie ma więcej elementów: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:34 -#, fuzzy -msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:" -msgstr "Jaki typ zwraca iterator? Sprawdź swoją odpowiedź tutaj:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:36 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.iter();\n" -"\n" -" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" -" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.iter();\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:46 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Why is this type used?" -msgstr "Dlaczego ten typ jest używany?" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:48 -msgid "`IntoIterator`" -msgstr "`IntoIterator`" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:50 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an " -"iterator. The related trait `IntoIterator` tells you how to create the " -"iterator:" -msgstr "" -"Cecha `Iterator` mówi ci, jak _iterować_ po utworzeniu iterator. Powiązana " -"cecha `IntoIterator` mówi ci, jak stworzyć iterator:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:53 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"pub trait IntoIterator {\n" -" type Item;\n" -" type IntoIter: Iterator;\n" -"\n" -" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"pub trait IntoIterator {\n" -" type Item;\n" -" type IntoIter: Iterator;\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:62 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The syntax here means that every implementation of `IntoIterator` must " -"declare two types:" -msgstr "" -"Składnia tutaj oznacza, że każda implementacja `IntoIterator` musi " -"zadeklarować dwa typy:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:65 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`Item`: the type we iterate over, such as `i8`," -msgstr "`Item`: typ, który iterujemy, na przykład `i8`," - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:66 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method." -msgstr "`IntoIter`: typ `Iterator` zwracany przez metodę `into_iter`." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:68 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same " -"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option`" -msgstr "" -"Zauważ, że `IntoIter` i `Item` są połączone: iterator musi mieć to samo Typ " -"`Item`, co oznacza, że zwraca `Option`" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:71 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?" -msgstr "Tak jak poprzednio, jaki typ jest zwracany przez iterator?" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:73 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" -"from(\"bar\")];\n" -" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" -"\n" -" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" -" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" -"from(\"bar\")];\n" -" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:83 -msgid "`for` Loops" -msgstr "Pętle `for`" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:85 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` " -"loops. They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the " -"resulting iterator:" -msgstr "" -"Teraz, gdy znamy zarówno `Iterator`, jak i `IntoIterator`, możemy budować " -"pętle `for`. Wywołują `into_iter()` na wyrażeniu i iterują wynik iterator:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:89 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" -"from(\"bar\")];\n" -"\n" -" for word in &v {\n" -" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" for word in v {\n" -" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: String = String::from(\"Cześć!\");\n" -" let s2: String = s1;\n" -" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:103 -#, fuzzy -msgid "What is the type of `word` in each loop?" -msgstr "Jaki jest typ słowa w każdej pętli?" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:105 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for [`impl " -"IntoIterator for &Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." -"html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26'a+Vec%3CT,+A%3E) and [`impl IntoIterator for " -"Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-" -"for-Vec%3CT,+A%3E) to check your answers." -msgstr "" -"Eksperymentuj z powyższym kodem, a następnie zapoznaj się z dokumentacją dla " -"[`impl IntoIterator dla &Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct." -"Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) i [`impl " -"IntoIterator dla Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." -"html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) aby sprawdzić swoje odpowiedzi." - -#: src/structs.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:" -msgstr "Podobnie jak C i C++, Rust obsługuje niestandardowe struktury:" - -#: src/structs.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Person {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" age: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut peter = Person {\n" -" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n" -" age: 27,\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n" -" \n" -" peter.age = 28;\n" -" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n" -" \n" -" let jackie = Person {\n" -" name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n" -" ..peter\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```\n" -"peter.age = 28;\n" -"println!(\"{} ma {} lat\", peter.name, peter.age);\n" -"\n" -"let jackie = Person {\n" -" name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n" -" ..peter\n" -"};\n" -"println!(\"{} ma {} lat\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n" -"```" - -#: src/structs.md:33 -msgid "Structs work like in C or C++." -msgstr "" - -#: src/structs.md:34 -msgid "Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type." -msgstr "" - -#: src/structs.md:35 -msgid "Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs." -msgstr "" - -#: src/structs.md:36 -msgid "" -"Methods are defined in an `impl` block, which we will see in following " -"slides." -msgstr "" - -#: src/structs.md:37 -msgid "" -"This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of " -"structs. " -msgstr "" - -#: src/structs.md:38 -msgid "" -"Zero-sized structs `e.g., struct Foo;` might be used when implementing a " -"trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the " -"value itself. " -msgstr "" - -#: src/structs.md:39 -msgid "" -"The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are " -"not important." -msgstr "" - -#: src/structs.md:40 -msgid "" -"The syntax `..peter` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the " -"old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be " -"the last element." -msgstr "" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:" -msgstr "Jeśli nazwy pól są nieistotne, możesz użyć struktury krotki:" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p = Point(17, 23);\n" -" println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "fn main() { let p = Point(17, 23); println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1); }" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:14 -#, fuzzy -msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):" -msgstr "" -"Jest to często używane w przypadku opakowań z jednym polem (zwanych " -"newtypes):" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:16 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"struct PoundsOfForce(f64);\n" -"struct Newtons(f64);\n" -"\n" -"fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundsOfForce {\n" -" todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n" -" // ...\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let force = compute_thruster_force();\n" -" set_thruster_force(force);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:37 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in " -"a primitive type, for example:" -msgstr "" -"Nowe typy to świetny sposób na zakodowanie dodatkowych informacji o wartości " -"w typie pierwotnym, na przykład:" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:38 -#, fuzzy -msgid "The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above." -msgstr "" -"Liczba jest mierzona w niektórych jednostkach: „Newtons” w powyższym " -"przykładzie." - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:39 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have " -"to validate it again at every use: 'PhoneNumber(String)`or`OddNumber(u32)\\`." -msgstr "" -"Wartość przeszła walidację podczas tworzenia, więc nie musisz już " -"weryfikować jej ponownie przy każdym użyciu: „PhoneNumber(String)” lub " -"„OddNumber(u32)”." - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:40 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the " -"single field in the newtype." -msgstr "" -"Zademonstruj, jak dodać wartość `f64` do typu `Newtons`, uzyskując dostęp do " -"pojedynczego pola w newtype." - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:41 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or " -"for instance using booleans as integers." -msgstr "" -"Rust generalnie nie lubi niejasnych rzeczy, takich jak automatyczne " -"rozpakowywanie lub na przykład używanie wartości boolowskich jako liczb " -"całkowitych." - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:42 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics)." -msgstr "Przeciążenie operatora jest omówione w dniu 3 (leki generyczne)." - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:43 -msgid "" -"The example is a subtle reference to the [Mars Climate Orbiter](https://en." -"wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter) failure." -msgstr "" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the " -"struct using a shorthand:" -msgstr "" -"Jeśli masz już zmienne o odpowiednich nazwach, możesz je utworzyć struct za " -"pomocą skrótu:" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Person {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" age: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Person {\n" -" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n" -" Person { name, age }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n" -" println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:27 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is " -"interchangeable with the struct type name" -msgstr "" -"Funkcja `new` może być napisana przy użyciu `Self` jako typu, ponieważ jest " -"wymienna z nazwą typu struct" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:29 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Person {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" age: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"impl Person {\n" -" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n" -" Self { name, age }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"impl Person {\n" -" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n" -" Self { name, age }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:41 -msgid "" -"Implement the `Default` trait for the struct. Define some fields and use the " -"default values for the other fields." -msgstr "" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:43 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Person {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" age: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"impl Default for Person {\n" -" fn default() -> Person {\n" -" Person {\n" -" name: \"Bot\".to_string(),\n" -" age: 0,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"fn create_default() {\n" -" let tmp = Person {\n" -" ..Person::default()\n" -" };\n" -" let tmp = Person {\n" -" name: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n" -" ..Person::default()\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:68 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Methods are defined in the `impl` block." -msgstr "Metody są zdefiniowane w bloku `impl`." - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:69 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Use struct update syntax to define a new structure using `peter`. Note that " -"the variable `peter` will no longer be accessible afterwards." -msgstr "" -"Użyj składni aktualizacji struktury, aby zdefiniować nową strukturę za " -"pomocą `peter`. Zauważ, że później zmienna `peter` nie będzie już dostępna." - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:70 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Use `{:#?}` when printing structs to request the `Debug` representation." -msgstr "" -"Użyj `{:#?}` podczas drukowania struktur, aby zażądać reprezentacji `Debug`." - -#: src/methods.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with " -"an `impl` block:" -msgstr "" -"Rust umożliwia powiązanie funkcji z nowymi typami. Robisz to z blok `impl`:" - -#: src/methods.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Person {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" age: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Person {\n" -" fn say_hello(&self) {\n" -" println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let peter = Person {\n" -" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n" -" age: 27,\n" -" };\n" -" peter.say_hello();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/methods.md:31 -#, fuzzy -msgid "It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions." -msgstr "" -"Pomocne może być wprowadzenie metod poprzez porównanie ich z funkcjami." - -#: src/methods.md:32 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the " -"first parameter represents the instance as `self`." -msgstr "" -"Metody są wywoływane na instancji typu (takiej jak struct lub enum), " -"pierwszy parametr reprezentuje instancję jako `self`." - -#: src/methods.md:33 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver " -"syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep " -"all the implementation code in one predictable place." -msgstr "" -"Deweloperzy mogą zdecydować się na użycie metod, aby skorzystać ze składni " -"odbiornika metod i pomóc w ich lepszej organizacji. Dzięki metodom możemy " -"przechowywać cały kod implementacji w jednym przewidywalnym miejscu." - -#: src/methods.md:34 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver." -msgstr "Zwróć uwagę na użycie słowa kluczowego `self`, odbiornika metody." - -#: src/methods.md:35 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self: Self` and perhaps show how " -"the struct name could also be used." -msgstr "" -"Pokaż, że jest to skrócony termin dla `self:&Self` i być może pokaż, jak " -"można również użyć nazwy struktury." - -#: src/methods.md:36 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and " -"can be used elsewhere in the block." -msgstr "" -"Wyjaśnij, że `Self` jest aliasem typu dla typu, w którym znajduje się blok " -"`impl` i może być użyty w innym miejscu bloku." - -#: src/methods.md:37 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to " -"refer to individual fields." -msgstr "" -"Zwróć uwagę, jak `self` jest używane jak inne struktury, a notacja kropkowa " -"może być używana do odwoływania się do poszczególnych pól." - -#: src/methods.md:38 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` " -"by modifying the code and trying to run say_hello twice." -msgstr "" -"To może być dobry moment, aby zademonstrować, czym `&self` różni się od " -"`self` poprzez modyfikację kodu i próbę dwukrotnego uruchomienia say_hello." - -#: src/methods.md:39 -#, fuzzy -msgid "We describe the distinction between method receivers next." -msgstr "Następnie opiszemy rozróżnienie między odbiornikami metod." - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The `&self` above indicates that the method borrows the object immutably. " -"There are other possible receivers for a method:" -msgstr "" -"„&self” powyżej wskazuje, że metoda niezmiennie pożycza obiekt. Tam są " -"innymi możliwymi odbiorcami metody:" - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable " -"reference. The object can be used again afterwards." -msgstr "" -"`&self`: pożycza obiekt od dzwoniącego za pomocą współdzielonego i " -"niezmiennego odniesienie. Obiekt może być później ponownie użyty." - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:8 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable " -"reference. The object can be used again afterwards." -msgstr "" -"`&mut self`: pożycza obiekt od wywołującego używając unikalnego i zmiennego " -"odniesienie. Obiekt może być później ponownie użyty." - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:10 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The " -"method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped " -"(deallocated) when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly " -"transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability." -msgstr "" -"`self`: przejmuje obiekt na własność i oddala go od dzwoniącego. The metoda " -"staje się właścicielem obiektu. Obiekt zostanie usunięty (cofnięty " -"przydział) gdy metoda zwraca, chyba że jej własność jest wyraźnie określona " -"przekazywane." - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:14 -msgid "`mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object. " -msgstr "" - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:15 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to " -"create constructors which are called `new` by convention." -msgstr "" -"Brak odbiornika: staje się to metodą statyczną w strukturze. Zwykle " -"przyzwyczajony tworzyć konstruktory, które zgodnie z konwencją nazywane są " -"„nowymi”." - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:18 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also [special wrapper types](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) allowed to be " -"receiver types, such as `Box`." -msgstr "" -"Oprócz wariantów na „ja”, istnieją również [specjalne typy opakowań](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) mogą być typami " -"odbiorników, takimi jak `Box`." - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:24 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". " -"These constraints always come together in Rust due to borrow checker rules, " -"and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to reference a struct from " -"multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method on it." -msgstr "" -"Rozważ podkreślenie słów „wspólny i niezmienny” oraz „unikatowy i zmienny”. " -"Te ograniczenia pojawiają się zawsze razem w Rust ze względu na zasady " -"pożyczania sprawdzania, a `self` nie jest wyjątkiem. Nie można odwołać się " -"do struktury z wielu lokalizacji i wywołać na niej metodę mutacji (`&mut " -"self`)." - -#: src/methods/example.md:3 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Race {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" laps: Vec,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Race {\n" -" fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n" -" Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write " -"access to self\n" -" self.laps.push(lap);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n" -" println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n" -" for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n" -" println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n" -" let total = self.laps.iter().sum::();\n" -" println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, " -"total);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n" -" race.add_lap(70);\n" -" race.add_lap(68);\n" -" race.print_laps();\n" -" race.add_lap(71);\n" -" race.print_laps();\n" -" race.finish();\n" -" // race.add_lap(42);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/methods/example.md:47 -#, fuzzy -msgid "All four methods here use a different method receiver." -msgstr "Wszystkie cztery metody tutaj wykorzystują inny odbiornik metody." - -#: src/methods/example.md:48 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the " -"variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`." -msgstr "" -"Możesz wskazać, jak to zmienia to, co funkcja może zrobić z wartościami " -"zmiennych i czy/jak można jej ponownie użyć w `main`." - -#: src/methods/example.md:49 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` twice." -msgstr "" -"Możesz pokazać błąd, który pojawia się podczas próby dwukrotnego wywołania " -"`finish`." - -#: src/methods/example.md:50 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static " -"functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables automatic " -"referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust automatically adds " -"in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches the method signature." -msgstr "" -"Należy zauważyć, że chociaż odbiorniki metod są różne, funkcje niestatyczne " -"są wywoływane w ten sam sposób w głównej części. Rust umożliwia automatyczne " -"odwoływanie się i usuwanie odwołań podczas wywoływania metod. Rust " -"automatycznie dodaje `&`, `*`, `muts`, aby ten obiekt pasował do sygnatury " -"metody." - -#: src/methods/example.md:51 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated " -"over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. " -msgstr "" -"Możesz zauważyć, że `print_laps` używa wektora, który jest iterowany. " -"Wektory opiszemy bardziej szczegółowo po południu." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Day 2: Afternoon Exercises" -msgstr "Dzień 2: Ćwiczenia popołudniowe" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators." -msgstr "Ćwiczenia na to popołudnie skupią się na ciągach znaków i iteratorach." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, " -"you need to keep track of users' health statistics." -msgstr "" -"Pracujesz nad wdrożeniem systemu monitorowania stanu. W ramach tego ty muszą " -"śledzić statystyki dotyczące zdrowia użytkowników." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You'll start with some stubbed functions in an `impl` block as well as a " -"`User` struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out methods " -"on the `User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block." -msgstr "" -"Zaczniesz od niektórych funkcji skrótowych w bloku `impl`, jak również " -"`Użytkownika` definicja struktury. Twoim celem jest zaimplementowanie " -"wygaszonych metod na `User` `struct` zdefiniowana w bloku `impl`." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:10 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Copy the code below to and fill in the missing " -"methods:" -msgstr "" -"Skopiuj poniższy kod na i uzupełnij brakujące " -"metody:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:13 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"pub struct User {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" age: u32,\n" -" height: f32,\n" -" visit_count: usize,\n" -" last_blood_pressure: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Measurements {\n" -" height: f32,\n" -" blood_pressure: (u32, u32),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct HealthReport<'a> {\n" -" patient_name: &'a str,\n" -" visit_count: u32,\n" -" height_change: f32,\n" -" blood_pressure_change: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl User {\n" -" pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, height: f32) -> Self {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn height(&self) -> f32 {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn doctor_visits(&self) -> u32 {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn set_height(&mut self, new_height: f32) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn visit_doctor(&mut self, measurements: Measurements) -> " -"HealthReport {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_height() {\n" -" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.height(), 155.2);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_set_age() {\n" -" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n" -" bob.set_age(33);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_visit() {\n" -" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.doctor_visits(), 0);\n" -" let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n" -" height: 156.1,\n" -" blood_pressure: (120, 80),\n" -" });\n" -" assert_eq!(report.patient_name, \"Bob\");\n" -" assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 1);\n" -" assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, None);\n" -"\n" -" let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n" -" height: 156.1,\n" -" blood_pressure: (115, 76),\n" -" });\n" -"\n" -" assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 2);\n" -" assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, Some((-5, -4)));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```\n" -"\n" -"# Statystyki zdrowia\n" -"\n" -"Pracujesz nad wdrożeniem systemu monitorowania stanu. W ramach tego ty\n" -"muszą śledzić statystyki dotyczące zdrowia użytkowników.\n" -"\n" -"Zaczniesz od niektórych funkcji skrótowych w bloku `impl`, jak również " -"`Użytkownika`\n" -"definicja struktury. Twoim celem jest zaimplementowanie wygaszonych metod " -"na\n" -"`User` `struct` zdefiniowana w bloku `impl`.\n" -"\n" -"Skopiuj poniższy kod na i uzupełnij brakujące\n" -"metody:\n" -"\n" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"// TODO: usuń to jak skończysz implementację.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"struct User {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" age: u32,\n" -" weight: f32,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl User {\n" -" pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, weight: f32) -> Self {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn weight(&self) -> f32 {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn set_weight(&mut self, new_weight: f32) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" println!(\"Jestem {} i mam {} lat\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_weight() {\n" -" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.weight(), 155.2);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"# Health Statistics\n" -"\n" -"{{#include ../../../third_party/rust-on-exercism/health-statistics.md}}\n" -"\n" -"Copy the code below to and fill in the " -"missing\n" -"methods:\n" -"\n" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"{{#include ../../../third_party/rust-on-exercism/health-statistics.rs}}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_height() {\n" -" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.height(), 155.2);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_set_age() {\n" -" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n" -" bob.set_age(33);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_visit() {\n" -" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.doctor_visits(), 0);\n" -" let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n" -" height: 156.1,\n" -" blood_pressure: (120, 80),\n" -" });\n" -" assert_eq!(report.patient_name, \"Bob\");\n" -" assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 1);\n" -" assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, None);\n" -"\n" -" let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n" -" height: 156.1,\n" -" blood_pressure: (115, 76),\n" -" });\n" -"\n" -" assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 2);\n" -" assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, Some((-5, -4)));\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/std.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common " -"types used by Rust library and programs. This way, two libraries can work " -"together smoothly because they both use the same `String` type." -msgstr "" -"Rust jest dostarczany ze standardową biblioteką, która pomaga ustalić zestaw " -"typowych typów używany przez bibliotekę i programy Rusta. W ten sposób dwie " -"biblioteki mogą ze sobą współpracować płynnie, ponieważ oba używają tego " -"samego typu `String`." - -#: src/std.md:7 -#, fuzzy -msgid "The common vocabulary types include:" -msgstr "Typowe typy słownictwa obejmują:" - -#: src/std.md:9 -msgid "" -"[`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional " -"values and [error handling](error-handling.md)." -msgstr "" -"Typy [`Option` i `Result`](std/option-result.md): używane dla wartości " -"opcjonalnych i [obsługi błędów](error-handling.md)." - -#: src/std.md:12 -#, fuzzy -msgid "[`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data." -msgstr "" -"[`String`](std/string.md): domyślny typ ciągu używany dla posiadanych danych." - -#: src/std.md:14 -#, fuzzy -msgid "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector." -msgstr "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): standardowy rozszerzalny wektor." - -#: src/std.md:16 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing " -"algorithm." -msgstr "" -"[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): typ mapy mieszającej z konfigurowalnym " -"haszowaniem algorytm." - -#: src/std.md:19 -#, fuzzy -msgid "[`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data." -msgstr "" -"[`Box`](std/box.md): własny wskaźnik dla danych przydzielonych na stercie." - -#: src/std.md:21 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated " -"data." -msgstr "" -"[`Rc`](std/rc.md): współdzielony wskaźnik zliczania odwołań dla danych " -"alokowanych na stercie." - -#: src/std.md:25 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, " -"`alloc` and `std`. " -msgstr "" -"W rzeczywistości Rust zawiera kilka warstw Biblioteki Standardowej: `core`, " -"`alloc` i `std`." - -#: src/std.md:26 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on " -"`libc`, allocator or even the presence of an operating system. " -msgstr "" -"`core` zawiera najbardziej podstawowe typy i funkcje, które nie zależą od " -"`libc`, alokatora lub nawet obecność systemu operacyjnego." - -#: src/std.md:28 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, " -"`Box` and `Arc`." -msgstr "" -"`alloc` obejmuje typy, które wymagają globalnego alokatora sterty, takie jak " -"`Vec`, `Box` i `Arc`." - -#: src/std.md:29 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`." -msgstr "" -"Aplikacje Embedded Rust często używają tylko `core`, a czasami `alloc`." - -#: src/std/option-result.md:1 -msgid "`Option` and `Result`" -msgstr "`Option` i `Result`" - -#: src/std/option-result.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "The types represent optional data:" -msgstr "Typy reprezentują dane opcjonalne:" - -#: src/std/option-result.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n" -" println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let idx: Result = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n" -" println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" -" vec.push(30);\n" -" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[vec.len() / 2]);\n" -" for item in vec.iter() {\n" -" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/option-result.md:18 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`Option` and `Result` are widely used not just in the standard library." -msgstr "" -"`Opcja` i `Wynik` są szeroko stosowane nie tylko w standardowej bibliotece." - -#: src/std/option-result.md:19 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`." -msgstr "`Option<&T>` ma zerowy narzut przestrzeni w porównaniu z `&T`." - -#: src/std/option-result.md:20 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on " -"Day 3." -msgstr "" -"`Result` to standardowy typ implementacji obsługi błędów, jak zobaczymy w " -"dniu 3." - -#: src/std/option-result.md:21 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`binary_search` returns `Result`." -msgstr "`binary_search` zwraca `Result`." - -#: src/std/option-result.md:22 -#, fuzzy -msgid "If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found." -msgstr "" -"Jeśli zostanie znaleziony, `Result::Ok` zawiera indeks, w którym element " -"został znaleziony." - -#: src/std/option-result.md:23 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should be " -"inserted." -msgstr "" -"W przeciwnym razie `Result::Err` zawiera indeks, w którym taki element " -"powinien zostać wstawiony." - -#: src/std/string.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) is the " -"standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:" -msgstr "" -"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) to " -"standardowy bufor ciągów znaków UTF-8 przydzielony na stercie:" - -#: src/std/string.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut s1 = String::new();\n" -" s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n" -" println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n" -"\n" -" let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n" -" s2.push_str(&s1);\n" -" s2.push('!');\n" -" println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n" -"\n" -" let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n" -" println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n" -" s3.chars().count());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/string.md:22 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`String` implements [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" -"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), which means that you can call " -"all `str` methods on a `String`." -msgstr "" -"`String` implementuje [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" -"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), co oznacza, że możesz wywołać " -"wszystkie Metody `str` na `Stringu`." - -#: src/std/string.md:30 -msgid "" -"`String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when " -"you know how much data you want to push to the string." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/string.md:31 -msgid "" -"`String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be " -"different from its length in characters)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/string.md:32 -msgid "" -"`String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a " -"`char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" due " -"to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/" -"unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/string.md:33 -msgid "" -"When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or " -"`String`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/string.md:34 -msgid "" -"When a type implements `Deref`, the compiler will let you " -"transparently call methods from `T`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/string.md:35 -msgid "" -"`String` implements `Deref` which transparently gives it " -"access to `str`'s methods." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/string.md:36 -msgid "Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1`;." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/string.md:37 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "" -"`String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the " -"operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but " -"with some extra guarantees." +"In this exercise, you will build a parser for the [protobuf binary encoding]" +"(https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/). Don't worry, it's " +"simpler than it seems! This illustrates a common parsing pattern, passing " +"slices of data. The underlying data itself is never copied." msgstr "" -#: src/std/string.md:38 -msgid "Compare the different ways to index a `String`:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/string.md:39 -msgid "" -"To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, " -"out-of-bounds." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/string.md:40 -msgid "" -"To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character " -"boundaries or not." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/vec.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`Vec`" -msgstr "`Vec`" - -#: src/std/vec.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) is the standard " -"resizable heap-allocated buffer:" -msgstr "" -"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) to standardowy " -"bufor alokowany na stercie o zmiennym rozmiarze:" - -#: src/std/vec.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n" -" v1.push(42);\n" -" println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());\n" -"\n" -" let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n" -" v2.extend(v1.iter());\n" -" v2.push(9999);\n" -" println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n" -"\n" -" // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n" -" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n" -"\n" -" // Retain only the even elements.\n" -" v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n" -" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n" -" v3.dedup();\n" -" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/vec.md:29 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`Vec` implements [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/" -"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), which means that you can call slice " -"methods on a `Vec`." -msgstr "" -"`Vec` implementuje [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/" -"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-[T]), co oznacza, że możesz wywołać slice " -"metody na `Vec`." - -#: src/std/vec.md:37 -msgid "" -"`Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data " -"it contains is stored on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't " -"need to be known at compile time. It can grow or shrink at runtime." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/vec.md:40 -msgid "" -"Notice how `Vec` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` " -"explicitly. As always with Rust type inference, the `T` was established " -"during the first `push` call." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/vec.md:42 -msgid "" -"`vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it " -"supports adding initial elements to the vector." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/vec.md:44 -msgid "" -"To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. " -"Alternatively, using `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will " -"remove the last element." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/vec.md:46 -msgid "" -"Show iterating over a vector and mutating the value: `for e in &mut v { *e " -"+= 50; }`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:1 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:46 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`HashMap`" -msgstr "`HashMap`" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:" -msgstr "Standardowa mapa haszująca z ochroną przed atakami HashDoS:" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::collections::HashMap;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n" -" page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), " -"207);\n" -" page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n" -" page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n" -"\n" -" if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n" -" println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n" -" page_counts.len());\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in " -"Wonderland\"] {\n" -" match page_counts.get(book) {\n" -" Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n" -" None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n" -" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in " -"Wonderland\"] {\n" -" let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string())." -"or_insert(0);\n" -" *page_count += 1;\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:38 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope." -msgstr "" -"`HashMap` nie jest zdefiniowany we wstępie i musi zostać uwzględniony w " -"zakresie." - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:39 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the " -"hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will insert " -"the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found." -msgstr "" -"Wypróbuj następujące wiersze kodu. Pierwsza linia pokaże, czy książka " -"znajduje się w mapie skrótów, a jeśli nie, zwróci wartość alternatywną. " -"Drugi wiersz wstawi alternatywną wartość do mapy skrótów, jeśli książka nie " -"zostanie znaleziona." - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:41 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -" let pc1 = page_counts\n" -" .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n" -" .unwrap_or(&336);\n" -" let pc2 = page_counts\n" -" .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n" -" .or_insert(374);\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:49 -msgid "Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:50 -msgid "" -"Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-" -"From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), which allows " -"us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:52 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -" let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n" -" (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n" -" (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n" -" ]);\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:59 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-" -"value tuples." -msgstr "" -"Alternatywnie HashMap można zbudować z dowolnego `Iteratora`, który daje " -"krotki klucz-wartość." - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:60 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"We are showing `HashMap`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make " -"examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be done, " -"but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker." -msgstr "" -"Pokazujemy `HashMap` i unikamy używania `&str` jako klucza, aby " -"ułatwić przykłady. Korzystanie z referencji w kolekcjach jest oczywiście " -"możliwe, ale może to prowadzić do komplikacji z sprawdzaniem pożyczek." - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:62 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still " -"compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?" -msgstr "" -"Spróbuj usunąć `to_string()` z powyższego przykładu i sprawdź, czy nadal się " -"kompiluje. Jak myślisz, gdzie możemy napotkać problemy?" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:64 -msgid "" -"This type has several \"method-specific\" return types, such as `std::" -"collections::hash_map::Keys`. These types often appear in searches of the " -"Rust docs. Show students the docs for this type, and the helpful link back " -"to the `keys` method." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/box.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`Box`" -msgstr "`Pudełko`" - -#: src/std/box.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) is an owned " -"pointer to data on the heap:" -msgstr "" -"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) jest posiadanym " -"wskaźnikiem do danych na stercie:" - -#: src/std/box.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let five = Box::new(5);\n" -" println!(\"five: {}\", *five);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/box.md:13 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": five : : :\n" -": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" -": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n" -": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" -": : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -"`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/box.md:26 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`Box` implements `Deref`, which means that you can [call " -"methods from `T` directly on a `Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/" -"trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)." -msgstr "" -"`Box` implementuje `Deref`, co oznacza, że możesz [wywoływać " -"metody z `T` bezpośrednio na `Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/" -"trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)." - -#: src/std/box.md:34 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be " -"not null. " -msgstr "" -"`Box` jest jak `std::unique_ptr` w C++, z tą różnicą, że nie jest puste." - -#: src/std/box.md:35 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` " -"statement thanks to `Deref`. " -msgstr "" -"W powyższym przykładzie możesz nawet pominąć `*` w instrukcji `println!` " -"dzięki `Deref`." - -#: src/std/box.md:36 -#, fuzzy -msgid "A `Box` can be useful when you:" -msgstr "Pudełko może być przydatne, gdy:" - -#: src/std/box.md:37 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust " -"compiler wants to know an exact size." -msgstr "" -"mieć typ, którego rozmiar nie może być znany w czasie kompilacji, ale " -"kompilator Rust chce znać dokładny rozmiar." - -#: src/std/box.md:38 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large " -"amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` " -"so only the pointer is moved." -msgstr "" -"chcesz przenieść własność dużej ilości danych. Aby uniknąć kopiowania dużych " -"ilości danych na stosie, zamiast tego przechowuj dane na stercie w `Box`, " -"tak aby przesuwany był tylko wskaźnik." - -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Box with Recursive Data Structures" -msgstr "Pudełko z rekurencyjnymi strukturami danych" - -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:" -msgstr "" -"Rekurencyjne typy danych lub typy danych o dynamicznych rozmiarach muszą " -"używać `Box`:" - -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:5 src/std/box-niche.md:3 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"enum List {\n" -" Cons(T, Box>),\n" -" Nil,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let list: List = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::" -"new(List::Nil))));\n" -" println!(\"{list:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:18 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"- -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": " -"list : : :\n" -": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----" -"+ :\n" -": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // " -"| :\n" -": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----" -"+ :\n" -": : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"- -'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:33 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"If `Box` was not used and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the " -"`List`, the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory " -"(`List` would be of infinite size)." -msgstr "" -"Jeśli `Box` nie został tutaj użyty i próbowaliśmy osadzić `List` " -"bezpośrednio w `List`, kompilator nie obliczyłby stałego rozmiaru struktury " -"w pamięci, wyglądałby na nieskończony." - -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:36 -#, fuzzy +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "" -"`Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and " -"just points at the next element of the `List` in the heap." +"Fully parsing a protobuf message requires knowing the types of the fields, " +"indexed by their field numbers. That is typically provided in a `proto` " +"file. In this exercise, we'll encode that information into `match` " +"statements in functions that get called for each field." msgstr "" -"`Box` rozwiązuje ten problem, ponieważ ma taki sam rozmiar jak zwykły " -"wskaźnik i po prostu wskazuje następny element „Listy” w stercie." -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:39 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. " -"\"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or " -"reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly." -msgstr "" -"Usuń `Box` w definicji listy i pokaż błąd kompilatora. „Rekurencyjne z " -"kierunkiem” to wskazówka, że możesz chcieć użyć pewnego rodzaju pudełka lub " -"odniesienia, zamiast bezpośrednio przechowywać wartość." - -#: src/std/box-niche.md:16 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This " -"allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:" -msgstr "" -"`Box` nie może być pusty, więc wskaźnik jest zawsze ważny i nie ma wartości " -"`null`. Ten pozwala kompilatorowi zoptymalizować układ pamięci:" - -#: src/std/box-niche.md:19 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"-.\n" -": : : :\n" -": " -"list : : :\n" -": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------" -"+ :\n" -": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null " -"| :\n" -": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------" -"+ :\n" -": : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"-'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/rc.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`Rc`" -msgstr "`Rc`" - -#: src/std/rc.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) is a reference-" -"counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer to the same data " -"from multiple places:" -msgstr "" -"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) jest współdzielonym " -"wskaźnikiem zliczanym przez referencje. Użyj tego, gdy potrzebujesz się " -"odnieść do tych samych danych z wielu miejsc:" - -#: src/std/rc.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::rc::Rc;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n" -" let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" -" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = 42;\n" -" let y = x;\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/rc.md:18 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"See [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) and [`Mutex`](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) if you are in a multi-threaded " -"context." -msgstr "" -"Zobacz [`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), jeśli " -"pracujesz w kontekście wielowątkowym." - -#: src/std/rc.md:19 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You can _downgrade_ a shared pointer into a [`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang." -"org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) pointer to create cycles that will get dropped." -msgstr "" -"Możesz _zmniejszyć_ współdzielony wskaźnik do wskaźnika [`Weak`](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html), aby tworzyć cykle że zostanie " -"upuszczony." - -#: src/std/rc.md:29 -msgid "" -"`Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there " -"are references." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/rc.md:30 -msgid "`Rc` in Rust is like `std::shared_ptr` in C++." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md +msgid "We'll use the following proto:" msgstr "" -#: src/std/rc.md:31 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and " -"increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally " -"be ignored when looking for performance issues in code." -msgstr "" -"`clone` jest tanie: tworzy wskaźnik do tej samej alokacji i zwiększa liczbę " -"odwołań." - -#: src/std/rc.md:32 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") " -"and returns a mutable reference." -msgstr "" -"`make_mut` faktycznie klonuje wewnętrzną wartość, jeśli to konieczne („clone-" -"on-write”) i zwraca mutowalną referencję." - -#: src/std/rc.md:33 -msgid "Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/rc.md:34 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`Rc::downgrade` gives you a _weakly reference-counted_ object to create " -"cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with `RefCell`, " -"on the next slide)." -msgstr "" -"Możesz `downgrade()` `Rc` do obiektu _słabo zliczanego_, aby tworzyć cykle, " -"które zostaną poprawnie upuszczone (prawdopodobnie w połączeniu z `Komórka " -"Ref`)." - -#: src/std/cell.md:1 -msgid "`Cell` and `RefCell`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/cell.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) and [`RefCell`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) implement what Rust " -"calls _interior mutability:_ mutation of values in an immutable context." -msgstr "" -"Używając [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) i " -"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), możesz " -"wyodrębnić źródła `u8`:" - -#: src/std/cell.md:8 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "" -"`Cell` is typically used for simple types, as it requires copying or moving " -"values. More complex interior types typically use `RefCell`, which tracks " -"shared and exclusive references at runtime and panics if they are misused." +"A proto message is encoded as a series of fields, one after the next. Each " +"is implemented as a \"tag\" followed by the value. The tag contains a field " +"number (e.g., `2` for the `id` field of a `Person` message) and a wire type " +"defining how the payload should be determined from the byte stream." msgstr "" -#: src/std/cell.md:12 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::cell::RefCell;\n" -"use std::rc::Rc;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" -"struct Node {\n" -" value: i64,\n" -" children: Vec>>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Node {\n" -" fn new(value: i64) -> Rc> {\n" -" Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node { value, ..Node::default() }))\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn sum(&self) -> i64 {\n" -" self.value + self.children.iter().map(|c| c.borrow().sum()).sum::" -"()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let root = Node::new(1);\n" -" root.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(5));\n" -" let subtree = Node::new(10);\n" -" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(11));\n" -" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(12));\n" -" root.borrow_mut().children.push(subtree);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" -" println!(\"graph sum: {}\", root.borrow().sum());\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"Integers, including the tag, are represented with a variable-length encoding " +"called VARINT. Luckily, `parse_varint` is defined for you below. The given " +"code also defines callbacks to handle `Person` and `PhoneNumber` fields, and " +"to parse a message into a series of calls to those callbacks." msgstr "" -#: src/std/cell.md:47 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "" -"If we were using `Cell` instead of `RefCell` in this example, we would have " -"to move the `Node` out of the `Rc` to push children, then move it back in. " -"This is safe because there's always one, un-referenced value in the cell, " -"but it's not ergonomic." +"What remains for you is to implement the `parse_field` function and the " +"`ProtoMessage` trait for `Person` and `PhoneNumber`." msgstr "" -#: src/std/cell.md:48 -msgid "" -"To do anything with a Node, you must call a `RefCell` method, usually " -"`borrow` or `borrow_mut`." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "\"Invalid varint\"" msgstr "" -#: src/std/cell.md:49 -msgid "" -"Demonstrate that reference loops can be created by adding `root` to `subtree." -"children` (don't try to print it!)." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "\"Invalid wire-type\"" msgstr "" -#: src/std/cell.md:50 -msgid "" -"To demonstrate a runtime panic, add a `fn inc(&mut self)` that increments " -"`self.value` and calls the same method on its children. This will panic in " -"the presence of the reference loop, with `thread 'main' panicked at 'already " -"borrowed: BorrowMutError'`." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "\"Unexpected EOF\"" msgstr "" -#: src/modules.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "\"Invalid length\"" msgstr "" -"Widzieliśmy, jak bloki `impl` pozwalają nam funkcjonować w przestrzeni nazw " -"dla typu." -#: src/modules.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:" -msgstr "Podobnie `mod` pozwala nam na typy i funkcje przestrzeni nazw:" - -#: src/modules.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"mod foo {\n" -" pub fn do_something() {\n" -" println!(\"In the foo module\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"mod bar {\n" -" pub fn do_something() {\n" -" println!(\"In the bar module\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" foo::do_something();\n" -" bar::do_something();\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "\"Unexpected wire-type)\"" msgstr "" -#: src/modules.md:28 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that " -"describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "\"Invalid string (not UTF-8)\"" msgstr "" -"Pakiety zapewniają funkcjonalność i zawierają plik `Cargo.toml`, który " -"opisuje, jak zbudować pakiet 1+ skrzynek." -#: src/modules.md:29 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and " -"a library crate compiles to a library." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "/// A wire type as seen on the wire.\n" msgstr "" -"Skrzynki to drzewo modułów, w którym binarna skrzynia tworzy plik " -"wykonywalny, a skrzynka biblioteczna kompiluje się do biblioteki." - -#: src/modules.md:30 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section." -msgstr "Moduły określają organizację, zakres i są tematem tej sekcji." - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:" -msgstr "Moduły stanowią granicę prywatności:" -#: src/modules/visibility.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Module items are private by default (hides implementation details)." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "/// The Varint WireType indicates the value is a single VARINT.\n" msgstr "" -"Elementy modułu są domyślnie prywatne (ukrywa szczegóły implementacji)." -#: src/modules/visibility.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Parent and sibling items are always visible." -msgstr "Elementy nadrzędne i rodzeństwo są zawsze widoczne." - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:7 -#, fuzzy +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "" -"In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all " -"the descendants of `foo`." +"//I64, -- not needed for this exercise\n" +" /// The Len WireType indicates that the value is a length represented as " +"a\n" +" /// VARINT followed by exactly that number of bytes.\n" msgstr "" -"Innymi słowy, jeśli element jest widoczny w module `foo`, jest widoczny we " -"wszystkich modułach potomkowie `foo`." -#: src/modules/visibility.md:10 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"mod outer {\n" -" fn private() {\n" -" println!(\"outer::private\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn public() {\n" -" println!(\"outer::public\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" mod inner {\n" -" fn private() {\n" -" println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn public() {\n" -" println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n" -" super::private();\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" outer::public();\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"/// The I32 WireType indicates that the value is precisely 4 bytes in\n" +" /// little-endian order containing a 32-bit signed integer.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/modules/visibility.md:39 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public." -msgstr "Użyj słowa kluczowego `pub`, aby upublicznić moduły." - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:41 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope " -"of public visibility." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "/// A field's value, typed based on the wire type.\n" msgstr "" -"Dodatkowo istnieją zaawansowane specyfikatory `pub(...)` ograniczające " -"zakres publicznej widoczności." -#: src/modules/visibility.md:43 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-" -"privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "//I64(i64), -- not needed for this exercise\n" msgstr "" -"Zobacz [Odniesienie do Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-" -"and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself))." - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:44 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern." -msgstr "Konfigurowanie widoczności `pub(crate)` jest powszechnym wzorcem." - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:45 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path." -msgstr "Rzadziej można zapewnić widoczność określonej ścieżce." -#: src/modules/visibility.md:46 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of " -"its descendants)." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "/// A field, containing the field number and its value.\n" msgstr "" -"W każdym przypadku widoczność musi być przyznana modułowi przodka (i " -"wszystkim jego potomkom)." - -#: src/modules/paths.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:" -msgstr "Ścieżki są rozstrzygane w następujący sposób:" - -#: src/modules/paths.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "As a relative path:" -msgstr "Jako ścieżka względna:" - -#: src/modules/paths.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module," -msgstr "`foo` lub `self::foo` odnosi się do `foo` w bieżącym module," - -#: src/modules/paths.md:7 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module." -msgstr "`super::foo` odnosi się do `foo` w module nadrzędnym." - -#: src/modules/paths.md:9 -#, fuzzy -msgid "As an absolute path:" -msgstr "Jako ścieżka bezwzględna:" - -#: src/modules/paths.md:10 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate," -msgstr "`crate::foo` odnosi się do `foo` w katalogu głównym bieżącej skrzynki," - -#: src/modules/paths.md:11 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate." -msgstr "`bar::foo` odnosi się do `foo` w skrzynce `bar`." -#: src/modules/paths.md:13 -msgid "" -"A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`. You " -"will typically see something like this at the top of each module:" +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "//1 => WireType::I64, -- not needed for this exercise\n" msgstr "" -#: src/modules/paths.md:16 -#, fuzzy +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::collections::HashSet;\n" -"use std::mem::transmute;\n" -"```" +"/// Parse a VARINT, returning the parsed value and the remaining bytes.\n" msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::mem::transmute;\n" -"```" -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:3 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "" -"Omitting the module content will tell Rust to look for it in another file:" +"// This is the last byte of the VARINT, so convert it to\n" +" // a u64 and return it.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"mod garden;\n" -"```" +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "// More than 7 bytes is invalid.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:9 -msgid "" -"This tells rust that the `garden` module content is found at `src/garden." -"rs`. Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at `src/garden/" -"vegetables.rs`." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "/// Convert a tag into a field number and a WireType.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:12 -#, fuzzy -msgid "The `crate` root is in:" -msgstr "Korzeń `crate` znajduje się w:" - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:14 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)" -msgstr "`src/lib.rs` (dla skrzynki bibliotecznej)" - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:15 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)" -msgstr "`src/main.rs` (dla skrzynki binarnej)" - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:17 -msgid "" -"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc " -"comments\". These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a " -"module." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "/// Parse a field, returning the remaining bytes\n" msgstr "" -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:20 +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant " -"germination\n" -"//! implementation.\n" -"\n" -"// Re-export types from this module.\n" -"pub use seeds::SeedPacket;\n" -"pub use garden::Garden;\n" -"\n" -"/// Sow the given seed packets.\n" -"pub fn sow(seeds: Vec) { todo!() }\n" -"\n" -"/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n" -"pub fn harvest(garden: &mut Garden) { todo!() }\n" -"```" +"\"Based on the wire type, build a Field, consuming as many bytes as " +"necessary.\"" msgstr "" -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:37 -msgid "" -"Before Rust 2018, modules needed to be located at `module/mod.rs` instead of " -"`module.rs`, and this is still a working alternative for editions after 2018." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md +msgid "\"Return the field, and any un-consumed bytes.\"" msgstr "" -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:39 -#, fuzzy +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "" -"The main reason to introduce `filename.rs` as alternative to `filename/mod." -"rs` was because many files named `mod.rs` can be hard to distinguish in IDEs." -msgstr "" -"Głównym powodem zmiany jest uniemożliwienie wielu plików o nazwie `mod.rs`, " -"co może być trudne rozróżniać w IDE." - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:42 -msgid "Deeper nesting can use folders, even if the main module is a file:" +"/// Parse a message in the given data, calling `T::add_field` for each field " +"in\n" +"/// the message.\n" +"///\n" +"/// The entire input is consumed.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:44 -msgid "" -"```ignore\n" -"src/\n" -"├── main.rs\n" -"├── top_module.rs\n" -"└── top_module/\n" -" └── sub_module.rs\n" -"```" +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md +msgid "// TODO: Implement ProtoMessage for Person and PhoneNumber.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:52 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The place rust will look for modules can be changed with a compiler " -"directive:" +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "// Unwrap error because `value` is definitely 4 bytes long.\n" msgstr "" -"Rust będzie szukał modułów w `modulename/mod.rs` i `modulename.rs`, ale " -"można to zmienić z dyrektywą kompilatora:" -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:54 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"#[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n" -"mod some_module;\n" -"```" +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "// skip everything else\n" msgstr "" -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:59 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module " -"in a file named `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go." +#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md +msgid "b\"hello\"" msgstr "" -"Jest to przydatne na przykład, jeśli chcesz umieścić testy modułu w pliku o " -"nazwie `some_module_test.rs`, podobnie do konwencji w Go." -#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web server. " -"The server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which are matched " -"against _request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a wildcard character " -"which matches a full segment. See the unit tests below." -msgstr "" -"W tym ćwiczeniu implementujesz komponent routingu serwera WWW. The serwer " -"jest skonfigurowany z liczbą _prefiksów ścieżki_, z którymi są dopasowywane " -"_zażądaj ścieżek_. Prefiksy ścieżki mogą zawierać symbol wieloznaczny, który " -"pasuje do pełnego segmentu. Zobacz testy jednostkowe poniżej." +#: src/welcome-day-4.md +msgid "Welcome to Day 4" +msgstr "Witamy w dniu 4" -#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:8 +#: src/welcome-day-4.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Copy the following code to and make the tests " -"pass. Try avoiding allocating a `Vec` for your intermediate results:" -msgstr "" -"Skopiuj poniższy kod do i wykonaj testy " -"przechodzić. Staraj się unikać przydzielania `Vec` dla wyników pośrednich:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:12 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/" -"abc-123\"));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/" -"books\"));\n" -"\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/" -"publishers\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" -" ));\n" -"\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/" -"publishers\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" -" ));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:1 -msgid "Welcome to Day 3" -msgstr "Witamy w dniu 3" - -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Today, we will cover some more advanced topics of Rust:" +"Today we will cover topics relating to building large-scale software in Rust:" msgstr "" "Dzisiaj omówimy kilka bardziej zaawansowanych zagadnień związanych z Rust:" -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library " -"traits." +#: src/welcome-day-4.md +msgid "Iterators: a deep dive on the `Iterator` trait." msgstr "" -"Cechy: wyprowadzanie cech, metody domyślne i ważna biblioteka standardowa " -"cechy." -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:8 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and trait " -"objects." +#: src/welcome-day-4.md +msgid "Modules and visibility." msgstr "" -"Rodzaje: ogólne typy danych, metody ogólne, monomorfizacja i cecha obiekty." -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:11 +#: src/welcome-day-4.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Testing." +msgstr "Testowanie" + +#: src/welcome-day-4.md #, fuzzy msgid "Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`." msgstr "Obsługa błędów: paniki, `Result` i operator try `?`." -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:13 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests." -msgstr "" -"Testowanie: testy jednostkowe, testy dokumentacji i testy integracyjne." - -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:15 -#, fuzzy +#: src/welcome-day-4.md msgid "" -"Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern " -"functions." +"Unsafe Rust: the escape hatch when you can't express yourself in safe Rust." msgstr "" -"Niebezpieczny Rust: surowe wskaźniki, zmienne statyczne, niebezpieczne " -"funkcje i extern Funkcje." -#: src/generics.md:3 -#, fuzzy +#: src/welcome-day-4.md +msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-4.md) (3 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-4.md +msgid "[Iterators](./iterators.md) (45 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-4.md +msgid "[Modules](./modules.md) (40 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-4.md +msgid "[Testing](./testing.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/iterators.md +msgid "[Iterator](./iterators/iterator.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/iterators.md +msgid "[IntoIterator](./iterators/intoiterator.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/iterators.md +msgid "[FromIterator](./iterators/fromiterator.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/iterators.md msgid "" -"Rust support generics, which lets you abstract algorithms or data structures " -"(such as sorting or a binary tree) over the types used or stored." +"[Exercise: Iterator Method Chaining](./iterators/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" msgstr "" -"Rust obsługuje typy ogólne, które pozwalają wyodrębnić algorytm (taki jak " -"sortowanie) nad typami używanymi w algorytmie." -#: src/generics/data-types.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:" -msgstr "Możesz użyć generycznych do abstrakcji nad konkretnym typem pola:" - -#: src/generics/data-types.md:5 +#: src/iterators/iterator.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point {\n" -" x: T,\n" -" y: T,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n" -" let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n" -" println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"The [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) " +"trait supports iterating over values in a collection. It requires a `next` " +"method and provides lots of methods. Many standard library types implement " +"`Iterator`, and you can implement it yourself, too:" msgstr "" -#: src/generics/data-types.md:21 -msgid "Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`." +#: src/iterators/iterator.md +msgid "\"fib({i}): {n}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/generics/data-types.md:23 -msgid "Fix the code to allow points that have elements of different types." -msgstr "" - -#: src/generics/methods.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:" -msgstr "Możesz zadeklarować typ ogólny w swoim bloku `impl`:" - -#: src/generics/methods.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(T, T);\n" -"\n" -"impl Point {\n" -" fn x(&self) -> &T {\n" -" &self.0 // + 10\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p = Point(5, 10);\n" -" println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/generics/methods.md:25 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"_Q:_ Why `T` is specified twice in `impl Point {}`? Isn't that " -"redundant?" -msgstr "" -"_P:_ Dlaczego `T` jest określone dwukrotnie w `impl Point {}`? Czy to " -"nie jest zbędne?" - -#: src/generics/methods.md:26 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. " -"They are independently generic." -msgstr "" -"Dzieje się tak, ponieważ jest to ogólna sekcja implementacji dla typu " -"ogólnego. Są niezależnie ogólne." - -#: src/generics/methods.md:27 -#, fuzzy -msgid "It means these methods are defined for any `T`." -msgstr "Oznacza to, że te metody są zdefiniowane dla dowolnego `T`." - -#: src/generics/methods.md:28 -#, fuzzy -msgid "It is possible to write `impl Point { .. }`. " -msgstr "Można napisać `impl Point { .. }`." - -#: src/generics/methods.md:29 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`Point` is still generic and you can use `Point`, but methods in this " -"block will only be available for `Point`." -msgstr "" -"`Point` jest nadal ogólny i możesz użyć `Point`, ale metody w tym bloku " -"będą dostępne tylko dla `Point`." - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:" -msgstr "" -"Kod ogólny jest przekształcany w kod nierodzajowy na podstawie witryn " -"wywołujących:" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let integer = Some(5);\n" -" let float = Some(5.0);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:12 -#, fuzzy -msgid "behaves as if you wrote" -msgstr "zachowuje się tak, jakbyś napisał" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:14 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"enum Option_i32 {\n" -" Some(i32),\n" -" None,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"enum Option_f64 {\n" -" Some(f64),\n" -" None,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let integer = Option_i32::Some(5);\n" -" let float = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:31 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"This is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you " -"had hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction." -msgstr "" -"Jest to abstrakcja o zerowych kosztach: otrzymujesz dokładnie taki sam " -"wynik, jakbyś miał ręcznie zakodował struktury danych bez abstrakcji." - -#: src/traits.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:" -msgstr "" -"Rust pozwala na abstrakcję nad typami z cechami. Są podobne do interfejsów:" - -#: src/traits.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"trait Pet {\n" -" fn name(&self) -> String;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Dog {\n" -" name: String,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Cat;\n" -"\n" -"impl Pet for Dog {\n" -" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" -" self.name.clone()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Pet for Cat {\n" -" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" -" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it " -"anyway.\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn greet(pet: &P) {\n" -" println!(\"Who's a cutie? {} is!\", pet.name());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let fido = Dog { name: \"Fido\".into() };\n" -" greet(&fido);\n" -"\n" -" let captain_floof = Cat;\n" -" greet(&captain_floof);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a " -"collection:" -msgstr "Krotki grupują wartości różnych typów w typ złożony." - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"trait Pet {\n" -" fn name(&self) -> String;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Dog {\n" -" name: String,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Cat;\n" -"\n" -"impl Pet for Dog {\n" -" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" -" self.name.clone()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Pet for Cat {\n" -" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" -" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it " -"anyway.\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let pets: Vec> = vec![\n" -" Box::new(Cat),\n" -" Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n" -" ];\n" -" for pet in pets {\n" -" println!(\"Hello {}!\", pet.name());\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:40 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:" -msgstr "Układ pamięci po przydzieleniu `xs`:" - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:42 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"- -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": " -"pets : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----" -"+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o " -"| :\n" -": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-" -"+ :\n" -": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | +---------------" -"+ :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| name: \"Fido\" " -"| :\n" -": : : | | | +---------------" -"+ :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | " -"| :\n" -" : | | | +----------------------" -"+ : \n" -" : | | '---->| \"::name\" " -"| :\n" -" : | | +----------------------" -"+ : \n" -" : | " -"| : \n" -" : | | +-" -"+ : \n" -" : | '-->|" -"\\| : \n" -" : | +-" -"+ : \n" -" : " -"| : \n" -" : | +----------------------" -"+ : \n" -" : '---->| \"::name\" " -"| : \n" -" : +----------------------" -"+ :\n" -" : :\n" -" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"- -'\n" -"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" Stos Sterta\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" -": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -": s2 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n" -": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:72 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it " -"impossible to have things like `Vec` in the example above." -msgstr "" -"Typy realizujące daną cechę mogą mieć różne rozmiary. To sprawia, że " -"niemożliwe jest posiadanie rzeczy takich jak `Vec` w powyższym " -"przykładzie." - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:73 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that " -"implements `Pet`." -msgstr "" -"`dyn Greet` to sposób poinformowania kompilatora o typie o dynamicznym " -"rozmiarze, który implementuje `Greet`." - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:74 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"In the example, `pets` holds _fat pointers_ to objects that implement `Pet`. " -"The fat pointer consists of two components, a pointer to the actual object " -"and a pointer to the virtual method table for the `Pet` implementation of " -"that particular object." -msgstr "" -"W przykładzie `pets` przechowuje Fat Pointers do obiektów, które " -"implementują `Greet`. Fat Pointer składa się z dwóch komponentów, wskaźnika " -"do rzeczywistego obiektu i wskaźnika do wirtualnej tabeli metod dla " -"implementacji `Greet` tego konkretnego obiektu." - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:75 -msgid "Compare these outputs in the above example:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:76 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::(), std::mem::size_of::" -"());\n" -" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::" -"<&Cat>());\n" -" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n" -" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::>());\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust derive macros work by automatically generating code that implements the " -"specified traits for a data structure." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits as follows:" -msgstr "Możesz pozwolić kompilatorowi uzyskać szereg cech:" - -#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n" -"struct Player {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" strength: u8,\n" -" hit_points: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Player::default();\n" -" let p2 = p1.clone();\n" -" println!(\"Is {:?}\\nequal to {:?}?\\nThe answer is {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n" -" if p1 == p2 { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" });\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:" -msgstr "Cechy mogą implementować zachowanie w kategoriach innych metod cech:" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"trait Equals {\n" -" fn equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" -" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" -" !self.equals(other)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Centimeter(i16);\n" -"\n" -"impl Equals for Centimeter {\n" -" fn equals(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n" -" self.0 == other.0\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = Centimeter(10);\n" -" let b = Centimeter(20);\n" -" println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equals(&b));\n" -" println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equals(&b));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:32 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Traits may specify pre-implemented (default) methods and methods that users " -"are required to implement themselves. Methods with default implementations " -"can rely on required methods." -msgstr "" -"Cechy mogą określać wstępnie zaimplementowane (domyślne) metody i metody, " -"które użytkownicy muszą sami zaimplementować. Metody z domyślnymi " -"implementacjami mogą polegać na metodach wymaganych." - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:35 -msgid "Move method `not_equals` to a new trait `NotEquals`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:37 -msgid "Make `Equals` a super trait for `NotEquals`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:38 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"trait NotEquals: Equals {\n" -" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" -" !self.equals(other)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:46 -msgid "Provide a blanket implementation of `NotEquals` for `Equals`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:47 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"trait NotEquals {\n" -" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl NotEquals for T where T: Equals {\n" -" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" -" !self.equals(other)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:58 -msgid "" -"With the blanket implementation, you no longer need `Equals` as a super " -"trait for `NotEqual`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement " -"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods." -msgstr "" -"Podczas pracy z typami ogólnymi często chcesz wymagać implementacji typów " -"jakąś cechę, aby można było wywołać metody tej cechy." - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:" -msgstr "Możesz to zrobić za pomocą `T: Cecha` lub `impl Cecha`:" - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n" -" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Syntactic sugar for:\n" -"// fn add_42_millions>(x: T) -> i32 {\n" -"fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into) -> i32 {\n" -" x.into() + 42_000_000\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// struct NotClonable;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n" -" let pair = duplicate(foo);\n" -" println!(\"{pair:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n" -" println!(\"{many}\");\n" -" let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n" -" println!(\"{many_more}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:35 -msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:37 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T)\n" -"where\n" -" T: Clone,\n" -"{\n" -" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:46 -#, fuzzy -msgid "It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters." -msgstr "Odczytuje sygnaturę funkcji, jeśli masz wiele parametrów." - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:47 -#, fuzzy -msgid "It has additional features making it more powerful." -msgstr "Posiada dodatkowe funkcje, dzięki którym jest potężniejszy." - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:48 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can " -"be arbitrary, like `Option`." -msgstr "" -"Jeśli ktoś zapyta, dodatkową cechą jest to, że typ po lewej stronie „:” może " -"być dowolny, na przykład `Option`." - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`impl Trait`" -msgstr "`impl Cecha`" - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function " -"arguments and return values:" -msgstr "" -"Podobnie jak w przypadku granic cech, składnia `impl Trait` może być używana " -"w funkcji argumenty i zwracane wartości:" - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::fmt::Display;\n" -"\n" -"fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n" -" format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n" -" println!(\"{x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:19 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name." -msgstr "`impl Trait` umożliwia pracę z typami, których nie można nazwać." - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:23 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions." -msgstr "Znaczenie „impl Cecha” jest nieco inne w różnych pozycjach." - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:25 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a " -"trait bound." -msgstr "" -"W przypadku parametru „impl Trait” jest jak anonimowy parametr ogólny z " -"powiązaniem z cechą." - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:27 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that " -"implements the trait, without naming the type. This can be useful when you " -"don't want to expose the concrete type in a public API." -msgstr "" -"W przypadku typu zwracanego oznacza to, że typ zwracany jest jakimś " -"konkretnym typem, który implementuje cechę, bez określania rodzaju. Może to " -"być przydatne, gdy nie chcesz ujawniać konkretnego typu w pliku publiczne " -"API." - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:31 -msgid "" -"Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` picks " -"the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A " -"function returning a generic type like `collect() -> B` can return any " -"type satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with " -"`let x: Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::" -">()`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:37 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to " -"explain that nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` " -"type. If we used a single `T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint " -"that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type. It would not work for " -"this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely not what " -"`format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` syntax, we'd " -"need two independent generic parameters." -msgstr "" -"Ten przykład jest świetny, ponieważ dwukrotnie używa `impl Display`. Pomaga " -"to wyjaśnić nic tutaj nie wymusza, że jest to _ten sam_ typ `impl Display`. " -"Gdybyśmy użyli jednego `T: Display`, wymuszałoby ograniczenie, że wejście " -"`T` i zwracany typ `T` są tego samego typu. Nie zadziałałoby to dla tej " -"konkretnej funkcji, ponieważ typ, którego oczekujemy jako dane wejściowe, " -"prawdopodobnie nie co zwraca `format!`. Gdybyśmy chcieli zrobić to samo za " -"pomocą składni `: Display`, potrzebowalibyśmy dwóch niezależne parametry " -"ogólne." - -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard " -"library:" -msgstr "" -"Przyjrzymy się teraz niektórym z najczęstszych cech standardowej biblioteki " -"Rust:" - -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and " -"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) " -"used in `for` loops," -msgstr "" -"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) i " -"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) " -"używane w pętlach `for`," - -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) used to convert " -"values," -msgstr "" -"[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) i [`Into`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) używane do konwersji " -"wartości," - -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:7 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and [`Write`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) used for IO," -msgstr "" -"[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) i [`Write`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) używane do IO," - -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:8 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... used for operator " -"overloading, and" -msgstr "" -"[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... używane do przeciążania " -"operatora i" - -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:9 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) used for " -"defining destructors." -msgstr "" -"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) używane do " -"definiowania destruktorów." - -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:10 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) used " -"to construct a default instance of a type." -msgstr "" -"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) " -"używane do konstruowania domyślnej instancji typu." - -#: src/traits/iterator.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Iterators" -msgstr "Iteratory" - -#: src/traits/iterator.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You can implement the [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait." -"Iterator.html) trait on your own types:" -msgstr "" -"Możesz zaimplementować cechę [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/" -"trait.Iterator.html) na swoich własnych typach:" - -#: src/traits/iterator.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Fibonacci {\n" -" curr: u32,\n" -" next: u32,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Iterator for Fibonacci {\n" -" type Item = u32;\n" -"\n" -" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" -" let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n" -" self.curr = self.next;\n" -" self.next = new_next;\n" -" Some(self.curr)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n" -" for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n" -" println!(\"fib({i}): {n}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/iterator.md:32 +#: src/iterators/iterator.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming " -"operations over collections (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is " +"operations over collections (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is " "the trait where you can find all the documentation about them. In Rust these " "functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative " "implementations." @@ -10973,7 +9576,7 @@ msgstr "" "cecha, w której można znaleźć całą dokumentację o nich. W Rust te funkcje " "powinny generować kod tak wydajny, jak równoważny imperatyw wdrożenia." -#: src/traits/iterator.md:37 +#: src/iterators/iterator.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by " @@ -10985,7 +9588,78 @@ msgstr "" "implementowany przez typy kolekcji, takie jak `Vec` i odniesienia do " "nich, takie jak `&Vec` i `&[T]`. Realizują to również zakresy." -#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:3 +#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an " +"iterator. The related trait [`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +"iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) defines how to create an iterator for a type. " +"It is used automatically by the `for` loop." +msgstr "" +"Cecha `Iterator` mówi ci, jak _iterować_ po utworzeniu iterator. Powiązana " +"cecha `IntoIterator` mówi ci, jak stworzyć iterator:" + +#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md +msgid "\"point = {x}, {y}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Click through to the docs for `IntoIterator`. Every implementation of " +"`IntoIterator` must declare two types:" +msgstr "" +"Składnia tutaj oznacza, że każda implementacja `IntoIterator` musi " +"zadeklarować dwa typy:" + +#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Item`: the type to iterate over, such as `i8`," +msgstr "`Item`: typ, który iterujemy, na przykład `i8`," + +#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method." +msgstr "`IntoIter`: typ `Iterator` zwracany przez metodę `into_iter`." + +#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same " +"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option`" +msgstr "" +"Zauważ, że `IntoIter` i `Item` są połączone: iterator musi mieć to samo Typ " +"`Item`, co oznacza, że zwraca `Option`" + +#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md +msgid "The example iterates over all combinations of x and y coordinates." +msgstr "" + +#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md +msgid "" +"Try iterating over the grid twice in `main`. Why does this fail? Note that " +"`IntoIterator::into_iter` takes ownership of `self`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md +msgid "" +"Fix this issue by implementing `IntoIterator` for `&Grid` and storing a " +"reference to the `Grid` in `GridIter`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md +msgid "" +"The same problem can occur for standard library types: `for e in " +"some_vector` will take ownership of `some_vector` and iterate over owned " +"elements from that vector. Use `for e in &some_vector` instead, to iterate " +"over references to elements of `some_vector`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md +msgid "FromIterator" +msgstr "FromIterator" + +#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) " @@ -10996,996 +9670,1133 @@ msgstr "" "pozwala zbudować kolekcję z [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/" "trait.Iterator.html)." -#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let primes = vec![2, 3, 5, 7];\n" -" let prime_squares = primes\n" -" .into_iter()\n" -" .map(|prime| prime * prime)\n" -" .collect::>();\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md +msgid "\"prime_squares: {prime_squares:?}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:17 +#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md #, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`Iterator` implements `fn collect(self) -> B where B: FromIterator, Self: Sized`" -msgstr "" -"Implementy `Iteratora` `fn zbieraj(ja) -> B Gdzie B: FromIterator, Własny: Wielkości`" +msgid "`Iterator` implements" +msgstr "`Iterator`" -#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:23 +#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md +msgid "There are two ways to specify `B` for this method:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md +msgid "" +"With the \"turbofish\": `some_iterator.collect::()`, as " +"shown. The `_` shorthand used here lets Rust infer the type of the `Vec` " +"elements." +msgstr "" + +#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md +msgid "" +"With type inference: `let prime_squares: Vec<_> = some_iterator.collect()`. " +"Rewrite the example to use this form." +msgstr "" + +#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"There are also implementations which let you do cool things like convert an " -"`Iterator>` into a `Result, E>`." +"There are basic implementations of `FromIterator` for `Vec`, `HashMap`, etc. " +"There are also more specialized implementations which let you do cool things " +"like convert an `Iterator>` into a `Result, E>`." msgstr "" "Istnieją również implementacje, które pozwalają robić fajne rzeczy, takie " "jak konwersja pliku `Iterator>` w `Wynik, E>`." -#: src/traits/from-into.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`From` and `Into`" -msgstr "`Od` i `do`" - -#: src/traits/from-into.md:3 +#: src/iterators/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Types implement [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From." -"html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) to " -"facilitate type conversions:" +"In this exercise, you will need to find and use some of the provided methods " +"in the [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) " +"trait to implement a complex calculation." msgstr "" -"Typy implementują [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From." -"html) i [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) w " -"celu ułatwienia konwersji typów:" +"Możesz zaimplementować cechę [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/" +"trait.Iterator.html) na swoich własnych typach:" -#: src/traits/from-into.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s = String::from(\"hello\");\n" -" let addr = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n" -" let one = i16::from(true);\n" -" let bigger = i32::from(123i16);\n" -" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/from-into.md:15 +#: src/iterators/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) is " -"automatically implemented when [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" -"convert/trait.From.html) is implemented:" +"Copy the following code to and make the tests " +"pass. Use an iterator expression and `collect` the result to construct the " +"return value." msgstr "" -"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) jest " -"automatycznie implementowane po zaimplementowaniu [`From`](https://doc.rust-" -"lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html):" +"Skopiuj poniższy kod do i wykonaj testy " +"przechodzić. Staraj się unikać przydzielania `Vec` dla wyników pośrednich:" -#: src/traits/from-into.md:17 +#: src/iterators/exercise.md src/iterators/solution.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s: String = \"hello\".into();\n" -" let addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n" -" let one: i16 = true.into();\n" -" let bigger: i32 = 123i16.into();\n" -" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"/// Calculate the differences between elements of `values` offset by " +"`offset`,\n" +"/// wrapping around from the end of `values` to the beginning.\n" +"///\n" +"/// Element `n` of the result is `values[(n+offset)%len] - values[n]`.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/traits/from-into.md:29 +#: src/modules.md +msgid "[Modules](./modules/modules.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules.md +msgid "[Filesystem Hierarchy](./modules/filesystem.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules.md +msgid "[Visibility](./modules/visibility.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules.md +msgid "[use, super, self](./modules/paths.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules.md +msgid "" +"[Exercise: Modules for a GUI Library](./modules/exercise.md) (15 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules.md +msgid "This segment should take about 40 minutes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/modules.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type." +msgstr "" +"Widzieliśmy, jak bloki `impl` pozwalają nam funkcjonować w przestrzeni nazw " +"dla typu." + +#: src/modules/modules.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:" +msgstr "Podobnie `mod` pozwala nam na typy i funkcje przestrzeni nazw:" + +#: src/modules/modules.md +msgid "\"In the foo module\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/modules.md +msgid "\"In the bar module\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/modules.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get " -"`Into` implementation too." +"Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that " +"describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates." msgstr "" -"Dlatego często implementuje się tylko `From`, ponieważ twój typ również " -"otrzyma implementację `Into`." +"Pakiety zapewniają funkcjonalność i zawierają plik `Cargo.toml`, który " +"opisuje, jak zbudować pakiet 1+ skrzynek." -#: src/traits/from-into.md:30 +#: src/modules/modules.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be " -"converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`. " -"Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ " -"implement `Into`." +"Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and " +"a library crate compiles to a library." msgstr "" -"Deklarując typ wejściowy argumentu funkcji, taki jak „wszystko, co można " -"przekonwertować na `String`”, zasada jest odwrotna, należy użyć `Into`. " -"Twoja funkcja akceptuje typy, które implementują `From` i te, które _tylko_ " -"implementują `Into`." +"Skrzynki to drzewo modułów, w którym binarna skrzynia tworzy plik " +"wykonywalny, a skrzynka biblioteczna kompiluje się do biblioteki." -#: src/traits/read-write.md:1 +#: src/modules/modules.md #, fuzzy -msgid "`Read` and `Write`" -msgstr "`Odczyt` i `Zapis`" +msgid "Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section." +msgstr "Moduły określają organizację, zakres i są tematem tej sekcji." -#: src/traits/read-write.md:3 +#: src/modules/filesystem.md +msgid "" +"Omitting the module content will tell Rust to look for it in another file:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md +msgid "" +"This tells rust that the `garden` module content is found at `src/garden." +"rs`. Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at `src/garden/" +"vegetables.rs`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "The `crate` root is in:" +msgstr "Korzeń `crate` znajduje się w:" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)" +msgstr "`src/lib.rs` (dla skrzynki bibliotecznej)" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)" +msgstr "`src/main.rs` (dla skrzynki binarnej)" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md +msgid "" +"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc " +"comments\". These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md +msgid "" +"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant " +"germination\n" +"//! implementation.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md +msgid "// Re-export types from this module.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md +msgid "/// Sow the given seed packets.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md +msgid "/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md +msgid "" +"Before Rust 2018, modules needed to be located at `module/mod.rs` instead of " +"`module.rs`, and this is still a working alternative for editions after 2018." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Using [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and " -"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), you can " -"abstract over `u8` sources:" +"The main reason to introduce `filename.rs` as alternative to `filename/mod." +"rs` was because many files named `mod.rs` can be hard to distinguish in IDEs." msgstr "" -"Używając [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) i " -"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), możesz " -"wyodrębnić źródła `u8`:" +"Głównym powodem zmiany jest uniemożliwienie wielu plików o nazwie `mod.rs`, " +"co może być trudne rozróżniać w IDE." -#: src/traits/read-write.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};\n" -"\n" -"fn count_lines(reader: R) -> usize {\n" -" let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n" -" buf_reader.lines().count()\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" -" let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n" -" println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));\n" -"\n" -" let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n" -" println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/modules/filesystem.md +msgid "Deeper nesting can use folders, even if the main module is a file:" msgstr "" -#: src/traits/read-write.md:23 +#: src/modules/filesystem.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Similarly, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) lets " -"you abstract over `u8` sinks:" +"The place rust will look for modules can be changed with a compiler " +"directive:" msgstr "" -"Podobnie, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) " -"pozwala na abstrakcję nad ujściami `u8`:" +"Rust będzie szukał modułów w `modulename/mod.rs` i `modulename.rs`, ale " +"można to zmienić z dyrektywą kompilatora:" -#: src/traits/read-write.md:25 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::io::{Result, Write};\n" -"\n" -"fn log(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n" -" writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n" -" writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" -" let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n" -" log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n" -" log(&mut buffer, \"World\")?;\n" -" println!(\"Logged: {:?}\", buffer);\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/modules/filesystem.md +msgid "\"some/path.rs\"" msgstr "" -#: src/traits/drop.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "The `Drop` Trait" -msgstr "Cecha „Upuść”." - -#: src/traits/drop.md:3 +#: src/modules/filesystem.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Values which implement [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop." -"html) can specify code to run when they go out of scope:" +"This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module " +"in a file named `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go." msgstr "" -"Wartości, które implementują [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/" -"trait.Drop.html), mogą określać kod do wykonania, gdy wykraczają poza zakres:" +"Jest to przydatne na przykład, jeśli chcesz umieścić testy modułu w pliku o " +"nazwie `some_module_test.rs`, podobnie do konwencji w Go." -#: src/traits/drop.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Droppable {\n" -" name: &'static str,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Drop for Droppable {\n" -" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" -" println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n" -" {\n" -" let b = Droppable { name: \"b\" };\n" -" {\n" -" let c = Droppable { name: \"c\" };\n" -" let d = Droppable { name: \"d\" };\n" -" println!(\"Exiting block B\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"Exiting block A\");\n" -" }\n" -" drop(a);\n" -" println!(\"Exiting main\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/modules/visibility.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:" +msgstr "Moduły stanowią granicę prywatności:" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Module items are private by default (hides implementation details)." msgstr "" +"Elementy modułu są domyślnie prywatne (ukrywa szczegóły implementacji)." -#: src/traits/drop.md:34 src/traits/operators.md:26 +#: src/modules/visibility.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Discussion points:" -msgstr "Punkty dyskusji:" +msgid "Parent and sibling items are always visible." +msgstr "Elementy nadrzędne i rodzeństwo są zawsze widoczne." -#: src/traits/drop.md:36 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?" -msgstr "Dlaczego `Drop::drop` nie przyjmuje `self`?" - -#: src/traits/drop.md:37 +#: src/modules/visibility.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of the " -"block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack overflow!" +"In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all " +"the descendants of `foo`." msgstr "" -"Krótka odpowiedź: gdyby tak było, `std::mem::drop` zostałoby wywołane na " -"końcu blok, co skutkuje kolejnym wywołaniem `Drop::drop` i stosem przelewowy!" +"Innymi słowy, jeśli element jest widoczny w module `foo`, jest widoczny we " +"wszystkich modułach potomkowie `foo`." -#: src/traits/drop.md:40 +#: src/modules/visibility.md +msgid "\"outer::private\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md +msgid "\"outer::public\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md +msgid "\"outer::inner::private\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md +msgid "\"outer::inner::public\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`." -msgstr "Spróbuj zamienić `drop(a)` na `a.drop()`." +msgid "Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public." +msgstr "Użyj słowa kluczowego `pub`, aby upublicznić moduły." -#: src/traits/default.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "The `Default` Trait" -msgstr "Cecha „Domyślna”." - -#: src/traits/default.md:3 +#: src/modules/visibility.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) trait " -"produces a default value for a type." +"Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope " +"of public visibility." msgstr "" -"Cecha [`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) " -"zapewnia domyślną implementację cechy." +"Dodatkowo istnieją zaawansowane specyfikatory `pub(...)` ograniczające " +"zakres publicznej widoczności." -#: src/traits/default.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" -"struct Derived {\n" -" x: u32,\n" -" y: String,\n" -" z: Implemented,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Implemented(String);\n" -"\n" -"impl Default for Implemented {\n" -" fn default() -> Self {\n" -" Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let default_struct = Derived::default();\n" -" println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n" -" y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n" -" ..Derived::default()\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let nothing: Option = None;\n" -" println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/default.md:40 +#: src/modules/visibility.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`." +"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-" +"privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)." msgstr "" -"Może być zaimplementowany bezpośrednio lub wyprowadzony przez " -"`#[derive(Default)]`." +"Zobacz [Odniesienie do Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-" +"and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself))." -#: src/traits/default.md:41 +#: src/modules/visibility.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern." +msgstr "Konfigurowanie widoczności `pub(crate)` jest powszechnym wzorcem." + +#: src/modules/visibility.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path." +msgstr "Rzadziej można zapewnić widoczność określonej ścieżce." + +#: src/modules/visibility.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"A derived implementation will produce a value where all fields are set to " -"their default values." +"In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of " +"its descendants)." msgstr "" -"Implementacja pochodna utworzy instancję, w której wszystkie pola zostaną " -"ustawione na wartości domyślne." +"W każdym przypadku widoczność musi być przyznana modułowi przodka (i " +"wszystkim jego potomkom)." -#: src/traits/default.md:42 +#: src/modules/paths.md +msgid "use, super, self" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/paths.md +msgid "" +"A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`. You " +"will typically see something like this at the top of each module:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/paths.md +msgid "Paths" +msgstr "Ścieżki" + +#: src/modules/paths.md #, fuzzy -msgid "This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too." -msgstr "" -"Oznacza to, że wszystkie typy w strukturze muszą również implementować " -"`Default`." +msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:" +msgstr "Ścieżki są rozstrzygane w następujący sposób:" -#: src/traits/default.md:43 +#: src/modules/paths.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "As a relative path:" +msgstr "Jako ścieżka względna:" + +#: src/modules/paths.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module," +msgstr "`foo` lub `self::foo` odnosi się do `foo` w bieżącym module," + +#: src/modules/paths.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module." +msgstr "`super::foo` odnosi się do `foo` w module nadrzędnym." + +#: src/modules/paths.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "As an absolute path:" +msgstr "Jako ścieżka bezwzględna:" + +#: src/modules/paths.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate," +msgstr "`crate::foo` odnosi się do `foo` w katalogu głównym bieżącej skrzynki," + +#: src/modules/paths.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate." +msgstr "`bar::foo` odnosi się do `foo` w skrzynce `bar`." + +#: src/modules/paths.md +msgid "" +"It is common to \"re-export\" symbols at a shorter path. For example, the " +"top-level `lib.rs` in a crate might have" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/paths.md +msgid "" +"making `DiskStorage` and `NetworkStorage` available to other crates with a " +"convenient, short path." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/paths.md +msgid "" +"For the most part, only items that appear in a module need to be `use`'d. " +"However, a trait must be in scope to call any methods on that trait, even if " +"a type implementing that trait is already in scope. For example, to use the " +"`read_to_string` method on a type implementing the `Read` trait, you need to " +"`use std::io::Read`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/paths.md +msgid "" +"The `use` statement can have a wildcard: `use std::io::*`. This is " +"discouraged because it is not clear which items are imported, and those " +"might change over time." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/exercise.md +msgid "" +"In this exercise, you will reorganize a small GUI Library implementation. " +"This library defines a `Widget` trait and a few implementations of that " +"trait, as well as a `main` function." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/exercise.md +msgid "" +"It is typical to put each type or set of closely-related types into its own " +"module, so each widget type should get its own module." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/exercise.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Cargo Setup" +msgstr "Przygotowanie" + +#: src/modules/exercise.md +msgid "" +"The Rust playground only supports one file, so you will need to make a Cargo " +"project on your local filesystem:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/exercise.md +msgid "" +"Edit the resulting `src/main.rs` to add `mod` statements, and add additional " +"files in the `src` directory." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/exercise.md +msgid "Source" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/exercise.md +msgid "Here's the single-module implementation of the GUI library:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md +msgid "/// Natural width of `self`.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md +msgid "/// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md +msgid "/// Draw the widget on standard output.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md +msgid "\"{buffer}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/exercise.md +msgid "// Add 4 paddings for borders\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/exercise.md +msgid "" +"// TODO: Change draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use " +"the\n" +" // ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md +msgid "\"+-{:-. Then use\n" +" // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/solution.md +msgid "// ---- src/main.rs ----\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing.md +msgid "[Test Modules](./testing/unit-tests.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing.md +msgid "[Other Types of Tests](./testing/other.md) (10 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing.md +msgid "[Useful Crates](./testing/useful-crates.md) (3 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing.md +msgid "[GoogleTest](./testing/googletest.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing.md +msgid "[Mocking](./testing/mocking.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing.md +msgid "[Compiler Lints and Clippy](./testing/lints.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing.md +msgid "[Exercise: Luhn Algorithm](./testing/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md +msgid "Unit Tests" +msgstr "Testy jednostkowe" + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:" +msgstr "" +"Rust i Cargo są dostarczane z prostym frameworkiem do testów jednostkowych:" + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Unit tests are supported throughout your code." +msgstr "Testy jednostkowe są obsługiwane w całym kodzie." + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory." +msgstr "Testy integracyjne są obsługiwane przez katalog `tests/`." + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md +msgid "" +"Tests are marked with `#[test]`. Unit tests are often put in a nested " +"`tests` module, using `#[cfg(test)]` to conditionally compile them only when " +"building tests." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"Hello World\"" +msgstr "Witaj świecie!" + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "This lets you unit test private helpers." +msgstr "To pozwala testować prywatnych pomocników jednostkowych." + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`." +msgstr "" +"Atrybut `#[cfg(test)]` jest aktywny tylko po uruchomieniu `cargo test`." + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md +msgid "Run the tests in the playground in order to show their results." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/other.md +msgid "Integration Tests" +msgstr "Testy integracyjne" + +#: src/testing/other.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test." +msgstr "" +"Jeśli chcesz przetestować swoją bibliotekę jako klient, użyj testu " +"integracji." + +#: src/testing/other.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:" +msgstr "Utwórz plik `.rs` w `tests/`:" + +#: src/testing/other.md +msgid "// tests/my_library.rs\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/other.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate." +msgstr "Te testy mają dostęp tylko do publicznego API Twojej skrzynki." + +#: src/testing/other.md +msgid "Documentation Tests" +msgstr "Testy dokumentacyjne" + +#: src/testing/other.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:" +msgstr "Rust ma wbudowaną obsługę testów dokumentacji:" + +#: src/testing/other.md +msgid "" +"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n" +"///\n" +"/// ```\n" +"/// # use playground::shorten_string;\n" +"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n" +"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n" +"/// ```\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/other.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code." +msgstr "" +"Bloki kodu w komentarzach `///` są automatycznie postrzegane jako kod Rusta." + +#: src/testing/other.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`." +msgstr "Kod zostanie skompilowany i wykonany w ramach testu ładunku." + +#: src/testing/other.md +msgid "" +"Adding `#` in the code will hide it from the docs, but will still compile/" +"run it." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/other.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. " -"`0`, `\"\"`, etc)." +"Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" +"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." msgstr "" -"Standardowe typy Rust często implementują `Default` z rozsądnymi wartościami " -"(np. `0`, `\"\"` itp.)." +"Przetestuj powyższy kod na [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" +"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." -#: src/traits/default.md:44 +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md #, fuzzy -msgid "The partial struct copy works nicely with default." -msgstr "Częściowa kopia struktury dobrze działa z ustawieniami domyślnymi." +msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests." +msgstr "Rust ma wbudowaną obsługę testów dokumentacji:" -#: src/traits/default.md:45 +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md +msgid "Here are some additional crates which we recommend for writing tests:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md +msgid "" +"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Comprehensive test assertion " +"library in the tradition of GoogleTest for C++." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md +msgid "[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Property-based testing for Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md +msgid "" +"[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Support for fixtures and parameterised " +"tests." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "" +"The [GoogleTest](https://docs.rs/googletest/) crate allows for flexible test " +"assertions using _matchers_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "\"baz\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "\"xyz\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "" +"If we change the last element to `\"!\"`, the test fails with a structured " +"error message pin-pointing the error:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "" +"GoogleTest is not part of the Rust Playground, so you need to run this " +"example in a local environment. Use `cargo add googletest` to quickly add it " +"to an existing Cargo project." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "" +"The `use googletest::prelude::*;` line imports a number of [commonly used " +"macros and types](https://docs.rs/googletest/latest/googletest/prelude/index." +"html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "This just scratches the surface, there are many builtin matchers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "" +"A particularly nice feature is that mismatches in multi-line strings strings " +"are shown as a diff:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "" +"\"Memory safety found,\\n\\\n" +" Rust's strong typing guides the way,\\n\\\n" +" Secure code you'll write.\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "" +"\"Memory safety found,\\n\\\n" +" Rust's silly humor guides the way,\\n\\\n" +" Secure code you'll write.\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "shows a color-coded diff (colors not shown here):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "" +"The crate is a Rust port of [GoogleTest for C++](https://google.github.io/" +"googletest/)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/googletest.md +msgid "GoogleTest is available for use in AOSP." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/mocking.md +msgid "" +"For mocking, [Mockall](https://docs.rs/mockall/) is a widely used library. " +"You need to refactor your code to use traits, which you can then quickly " +"mock:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/mocking.md +msgid "" +"The advice here is for Android (AOSP) where Mockall is the recommended " +"mocking library. There are other [mocking libraries available on crates.io]" +"(https://crates.io/keywords/mock), in particular in the area of mocking HTTP " +"services. The other mocking libraries work in a similar fashion as Mockall, " +"meaning that they make it easy to get a mock implementation of a given trait." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/mocking.md +msgid "" +"Note that mocking is somewhat _controversial_: mocks allow you to completely " +"isolate a test from its dependencies. The immediate result is faster and " +"more stable test execution. On the other hand, the mocks can be configured " +"wrongly and return output different from what the real dependencies would do." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/mocking.md +msgid "" +"If at all possible, it is recommended that you use the real dependencies. As " +"an example, many databases allow you to configure an in-memory backend. This " +"means that you get the correct behavior in your tests, plus they are fast " +"and will automatically clean up after themselves." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/mocking.md +msgid "" +"Similarly, many web frameworks allow you to start an in-process server which " +"binds to a random port on `localhost`. Always prefer this over mocking away " +"the framework since it helps you test your code in the real environment." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/mocking.md +msgid "" +"Mockall is not part of the Rust Playground, so you need to run this example " +"in a local environment. Use `cargo add mockall` to quickly add Mockall to an " +"existing Cargo project." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/mocking.md +msgid "" +"Mockall has a lot more functionality. In particular, you can set up " +"expectations which depend on the arguments passed. Here we use this to mock " +"a cat which becomes hungry 3 hours after the last time it was fed:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/mocking.md +msgid "" +"You can use `.times(n)` to limit the number of times a mock method can be " +"called to `n` --- the mock will automatically panic when dropped if this " +"isn't satisfied." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/lints.md +msgid "" +"The Rust compiler produces fantastic error messages, as well as helpful " +"built-in lints. [Clippy](https://doc.rust-lang.org/clippy/) provides even " +"more lints, organized into groups that can be enabled per-project." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/lints.md +msgid "\"X probably fits in a u16, right? {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/lints.md +msgid "" +"Run the code sample and examine the error message. There are also lints " +"visible here, but those will not be shown once the code compiles. Switch to " +"the Playground site to show those lints." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/lints.md +msgid "" +"After resolving the lints, run `clippy` on the playground site to show " +"clippy warnings. Clippy has extensive documentation of its lints, and adds " +"new lints (including default-deny lints) all the time." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/lints.md +msgid "" +"Note that errors or warnings with `help: ...` can be fixed with `cargo fix` " +"or via your editor." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/exercise.md +msgid "Luhn Algorithm" +msgstr "Algorytm Luhna" + +#: src/testing/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and " -"provides convenience methods that use it." +"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used " +"to validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and " +"does the following to validate the credit card number:" msgstr "" -"Standardowa biblioteka Rust jest świadoma, że typy mogą implementować " -"`Default` i zapewnia wygodne metody, które z niej korzystają." +"[Algorytm Luhna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) służy do " +"zweryfikować numery kart kredytowych. Algorytm pobiera ciąg jako dane " +"wejściowe i wykonuje aby zweryfikować numer karty kredytowej:" -#: src/traits/default.md:46 -msgid "" -"the `..` syntax is called [struct update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-instances-from-other-instances-" -"with-struct-update-syntax)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/operators.md:1 +#: src/testing/exercise.md #, fuzzy -msgid "`Add`, `Mul`, ..." -msgstr "`Dodaj`, `Mul`, ..." +msgid "Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits." +msgstr "" +"Zignoruj wszystkie spacje. Odrzuć numer zawierający mniej niż dwie cyfry." -#: src/traits/operators.md:3 +#: src/testing/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):" +"Moving from **right to left**, double every second digit: for the number " +"`1234`, we double `3` and `1`. For the number `98765`, we double `6` and `8`." msgstr "" -"Przeciążanie operatora jest realizowane poprzez cechy w [`std::ops`](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):" +"Przechodząc od prawej do lewej, podwajaj co drugą cyfrę: dla liczby `1234`, " +"podwajamy „3” i „1”." -#: src/traits/operators.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n" -"struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }\n" -"\n" -"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n" -" type Output = Self;\n" -"\n" -" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n" -" Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n" -" let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n" -" println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/operators.md:28 +#: src/testing/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful? " +"After doubling a digit, sum the digits if the result is greater than 9. So " +"doubling `7` becomes `14` which becomes `1 + 4 = 5`." msgstr "" -"Możesz zaimplementować `Add` dla `&Point`. W jakich sytuacjach jest to " -"przydatne?" +"Po podwojeniu cyfry zsumuj cyfry. Więc podwojenie „7” daje „14”, co staje " +"się „5”." -#: src/traits/operators.md:29 +#: src/testing/exercise.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits." +msgstr "Zsumuj wszystkie niepodwojone i podwojone cyfry." + +#: src/testing/exercise.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`." +msgstr "Numer karty kredytowej jest ważny, jeśli suma kończy się na `0`." + +#: src/testing/exercise.md +msgid "" +"The provided code provides a buggy implementation of the luhn algorithm, " +"along with two basic unit tests that confirm that most the algorithm is " +"implemented correctly." +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are overloading " -"the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading the operator for " -"`&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the call site." +"Copy the code below to and write additional " +"tests to uncover bugs in the provided implementation, fixing any bugs you " +"find." msgstr "" -"Odpowiedź: `Add:add` zużywa `self`. Jeśli wpisz `T` za którym jesteś " -"przeciążanie operatora nie jest `Kopiuj`, powinieneś rozważyć przeciążanie " -"operator dla `&T` również. Pozwala to uniknąć niepotrzebnego klonowania w " -"pliku Zadzwoń do serwisu." +"Skopiuj poniższy kod na i uzupełnij brakujące " +"funkcje i metody:" -#: src/traits/operators.md:33 -#, fuzzy +#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\"7992 7398 713\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/solution.md +msgid "// This is the buggy version that appears in the problem.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/solution.md +msgid "// This is the solution and passes all of the tests below.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\"1234 5678 1234 5670\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\"yes\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\"no\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\"foo 0 0\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\" \"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\" \"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\" \"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\"0\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/solution.md +msgid "\" 0 0 \"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md +msgid "[Error Handling](./error-handling.md) (45 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md +msgid "[Unsafe Rust](./unsafe-rust.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md +msgid "Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling.md +msgid "[Panics](./error-handling/panics.md) (3 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling.md +msgid "[Try Operator](./error-handling/try.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling.md +msgid "[Try Conversions](./error-handling/try-conversions.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling.md +msgid "[Error Trait](./error-handling/error.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling.md msgid "" -"Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter of the " -"method?" +"[thiserror and anyhow](./error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" -"Dlaczego `Output` jest powiązanym typem? Czy można go ustawić jako parametr " -"typu?" -#: src/traits/operators.md:34 -#, fuzzy +#: src/error-handling.md msgid "" -"Short answer: Function type parameters are controlled by the caller, but " -"associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementor of a " -"trait." -msgstr "" -"Krótka odpowiedź: Parametry typu są kontrolowane przez dzwoniącego, ale " -"powiązane typy (takie jak `Output`) są kontrolowane przez implementatora a " -"cecha." - -#: src/traits/operators.md:37 -msgid "" -"You could implement `Add` for two different types, e.g. `impl Add<(i32, " -"i32)> for Point` would add a tuple to a `Point`." +"[Exercise: Rewriting with Result](./error-handling/exercise.md) (20 minutes)" msgstr "" -#: src/traits/closures.md:1 -msgid "Closures" -msgstr "Domknięcia" - -#: src/traits/closures.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, " -"they implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn." -"html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and " -"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:" -msgstr "" -"Domknięcia lub wyrażenia lambda mają typy, których nie można nazwać. Jednak " -"oni zaimplementować specjalne [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait." -"Fn.html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html) oraz " -"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) cechy:" - -#: src/traits/closures.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 {\n" -" println!(\"Calling function on {input}\");\n" -" func(input)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n" -" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n" -" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 20));\n" -"\n" -" let mut v = Vec::new();\n" -" let mut accumulate = |x: i32| {\n" -" v.push(x);\n" -" v.iter().sum::()\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 4));\n" -" println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 5));\n" -"\n" -" let multiply_sum = |x| x * v.into_iter().sum::();\n" -" println!(\"multiply_sum: {}\", apply_with_log(multiply_sum, 3));\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/error-handling/panics.md +msgid "Rust handles fatal errors with a \"panic\"." msgstr "" -#: src/traits/closures.md:34 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"An `Fn` (e.g. `add_3`) neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or " -"perhaps captures nothing at all. It can be called multiple times " -"concurrently." -msgstr "" -"`Fn` ani nie konsumuje, ani nie mutuje przechwyconych wartości, a być może w " -"ogóle nie przechwytuje niczego, więc może być wywoływane wiele razy " -"jednocześnie." - -#: src/traits/closures.md:37 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"An `FnMut` (e.g. `accumulate`) might mutate captured values. You can call it " -"multiple times, but not concurrently." -msgstr "" -"`FnMut` może zmutować przechwycone wartości, więc możesz go wywoływać wiele " -"razy, ale nie jednocześnie." - -#: src/traits/closures.md:40 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"If you have an `FnOnce` (e.g. `multiply_sum`), you may only call it once. It " -"might consume captured values." -msgstr "" -"Jeśli masz `FnOnce`, możesz wywołać go tylko raz. Może zużywać przechwycone " -"wartości." - -#: src/traits/closures.md:43 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. " -"I.e. you can use an `FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can " -"use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce` is called for." -msgstr "" -"`FnMut` jest podtypem `FnOnce`. `Fn` jest podtypem `FnMut` i `FnOnce`. Tj. " -"możesz użyć `FnMut` wszędzie tam, gdzie wymagane jest `FnOnce`, a `Fn` można " -"użyć wszędzie tam, gdzie `FnMut` lub `FnOnce` jest wezwany." - -#: src/traits/closures.md:47 -msgid "" -"The compiler also infers `Copy` (e.g. for `add_3`) and `Clone` (e.g. " -"`multiply_sum`), depending on what the closure captures." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/closures.md:50 -msgid "" -"By default, closures will capture by reference if they can. The `move` " -"keyword makes them capture by value." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/closures.md:52 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn make_greeter(prefix: String) -> impl Fn(&str) {\n" -" return move |name| println!(\"{} {}\", prefix, name)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let hi = make_greeter(\"Hi\".to_string());\n" -" hi(\"there\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Day 3: Morning Exercises" -msgstr "Dzień 3: Ćwiczenia poranne" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "We will design a classical GUI library using traits and trait objects." -msgstr "Zaprojektujemy klasyczną bibliotekę GUI cech i obiektów cech." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:5 -msgid "" -"We will also look at enum dispatch with an exercise involving points and " -"polygons." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits and " -"trait objects." -msgstr "" -"Zaprojektujmy klasyczną bibliotekę GUI, korzystając z naszej nowej wiedzy na " -"temat cech i obiekty cech." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:" -msgstr "W naszej bibliotece będziemy mieć kilka widżetów:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:8 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets." -msgstr "`Okno`: ma `tytuł` i zawiera inne widżety." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:9 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the " -"button is pressed." -msgstr "" -"`Button`: ma `etykietę` i funkcję wywołania zwrotnego, która jest " -"wywoływana, gdy przycisk jest wciśnięty." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:11 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`Label`: has a `label`." -msgstr "`Etykieta`: ma `etykietę`." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:13 -#, fuzzy -msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below." -msgstr "Widżety zaimplementują cechę `Widget`, patrz poniżej." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:15 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Copy the code below to , fill in the missing " -"`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:" -msgstr "" -"Skopiuj poniższy kod na , uzupełnij brakujące " -"metody `draw_into`, aby zaimplementować cechę `Widget`:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:18 -msgid "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"pub trait Widget {\n" -" /// Natural width of `self`.\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n" -"\n" -" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n" -"\n" -" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n" -" fn draw(&self) {\n" -" let mut buffer = String::new();\n" -" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n" -" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Label {\n" -" label: String,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Label {\n" -" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n" -" Label {\n" -" label: label.to_owned(),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Button {\n" -" label: Label,\n" -" callback: Box,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Button {\n" -" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box) -> Button {\n" -" Button {\n" -" label: Label::new(label),\n" -" callback,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Window {\n" -" title: String,\n" -" widgets: Vec>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Window {\n" -" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n" -" Window {\n" -" title: title.to_owned(),\n" -" widgets: Vec::new(),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box) {\n" -" self.widgets.push(widget);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" std::cmp::max(\n" -" self.title.chars().count(),\n" -" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n" -" )\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"impl Widget for Label {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Widget for Button {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Widget for Window {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" -" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo." -"\")));\n" -" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" -" \"Click me!\",\n" -" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n" -" )));\n" -" window.draw();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:130 -#, fuzzy -msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:" -msgstr "Wyjście powyższego programu może być czymś prostym, takim jak to:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:132 -msgid "" -"```text\n" -"========\n" -"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\n" -"========\n" -"\n" -"This is a small text GUI demo.\n" -"\n" -"| Click me! |\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:142 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the [fill/alignment](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment) formatting operators. In " -"particular, notice how you can pad with different characters (here a `'/'`) " -"and how you can control alignment:" -msgstr "" -"Jeśli chcesz narysować wyrównany tekst, możesz użyć [wypełnienie/wyrównanie]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#wyrównanie) operatory " -"formatowania. W szczególności zwróć uwagę, jak możesz wypełnić różne znaki " -"(tutaj `'/'`) i jak możesz kontrolować wyrównanie:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:147 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let width = 10;\n" -" println!(\"left aligned: |{:/width$}|\", \"foo\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:156 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:" -msgstr "" -"Korzystając z takich sztuczek związanych z wyrównaniem, możesz na przykład " -"uzyskać takie dane wyjściowe:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:158 -msgid "" -"```text\n" -"+--------------------------------+\n" -"| Rust GUI Demo 1.23 |\n" -"+================================+\n" -"| This is a small text GUI demo. |\n" -"| +-----------+ |\n" -"| | Click me! | |\n" -"| +-----------+ |\n" -"+--------------------------------+\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/points-polygons.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Polygon Struct" -msgstr "Struktura wielokąta" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/points-polygons.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the code " -"below to and fill in the missing methods to " -"make the tests pass:" -msgstr "" -"Stworzymy strukturę `Polygon` zawierającą kilka punktów. Skopiuj poniższy " -"kod na i uzupełnij brakujące metody, aby " -"utworzyć plik testy przechodzą:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/points-polygons.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Point {\n" -" // add fields\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Point {\n" -" // add methods\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Polygon {\n" -" // add fields\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Polygon {\n" -" // add methods\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Circle {\n" -" // add fields\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Circle {\n" -" // add methods\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub enum Shape {\n" -" Polygon(Polygon),\n" -" Circle(Circle),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[cfg(test)]\n" -"mod tests {\n" -" use super::*;\n" -"\n" -" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" -" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" -" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_point_dist() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n" -" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n" -" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_point_add() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" -" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n" -" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" -" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" -"\n" -" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" -" poly.add_point(p1);\n" -" poly.add_point(p2);\n" -" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" -" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" -"\n" -" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" -" poly.add_point(p1);\n" -" poly.add_point(p2);\n" -"\n" -" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" -" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n" -" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" -" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n" -" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n" -" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n" -" let shapes = vec![\n" -" Shape::from(poly),\n" -" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" -" ];\n" -" let perimeters = shapes\n" -" .iter()\n" -" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n" -" .map(round_two_digits)\n" -" .collect::>();\n" -" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[allow(dead_code)]\n" -"fn main() {}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/points-polygons.md:117 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the key " -"part of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to modify " -"the tests." -msgstr "" -"Ponieważ w opisach problemów brakuje sygnatur metod, kluczowa część " -"ćwiczenia polega na ich prawidłowym określeniu. Nie musisz modyfikować " -"testów." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/points-polygons.md:120 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:" -msgstr "Inne ciekawe części ćwiczenia:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/points-polygons.md:122 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes " -"don't borrow their arguments." -msgstr "" -"Wyprowadź cechę `Kopiuj` dla niektórych struktur, ponieważ w testach metody " -"czasami nie pożyczają swoich argumentów." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/points-polygons.md:123 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be addable " -"via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3." -msgstr "" -"Odkryj, że cecha `Dodaj` musi zostać zaimplementowana, aby dwa obiekty można " -"było dodawać za pomocą „+”. Pamiętaj, że nie omawiamy leków generycznych aż " -"do dnia 3." - -#: src/error-handling.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:" -msgstr "" -"Obsługa błędów w Rust odbywa się za pomocą jawnego przepływu sterowania:" - -#: src/error-handling.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Functions that can have errors list this in their return type," -msgstr "Funkcje, które mogą mieć błędy, wymieniają to w zwracanym typie," - -#: src/error-handling.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "There are no exceptions." -msgstr "Nie ma wyjątków." - -#: src/error-handling/panics.md:3 +#: src/error-handling/panics.md #, fuzzy msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:" msgstr "Rust wywoła panikę, jeśli w czasie wykonywania wystąpi błąd krytyczny:" -#: src/error-handling/panics.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,should_panic\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/error-handling/panics.md +msgid "\"v[100]: {}\"" msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,should_panic\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/error-handling/panics.md:12 +#: src/error-handling/panics.md #, fuzzy msgid "Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors." msgstr "Paniki dotyczą nieodwracalnych i nieoczekiwanych błędów." -#: src/error-handling/panics.md:13 +#: src/error-handling/panics.md #, fuzzy msgid "Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program." msgstr "Paniki to objawy błędów w programie." -#: src/error-handling/panics.md:14 +#: src/error-handling/panics.md +msgid "Runtime failures like failed bounds checks can panic" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md +msgid "Assertions (such as `assert!`) panic on failure" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md +msgid "Purpose-specific panics can use the `panic!` macro." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md +msgid "" +"A panic will \"unwind\" the stack, dropping values just as if the functions " +"had returned." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable." @@ -11993,38 +10804,32 @@ msgstr "" "Używaj niepanikujących interfejsów API (takich jak `Vec::get`), jeśli awaria " "jest nie do zaakceptowania." -#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Catching the Stack Unwinding" -msgstr "Łapanie rozwijającego się stosu" - -#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:3 +#: src/error-handling/panics.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be " "caught:" msgstr "Domyślnie panika spowoduje wycofanie stosu. Odwijanie można złapać:" -#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::panic;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" -" println!(\"hello!\");\n" -" });\n" -" assert!(result.is_ok());\n" -" \n" -" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" -" panic!(\"oh no!\");\n" -" });\n" -" assert!(result.is_err());\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/error-handling/panics.md +msgid "\"No problem here!\"" msgstr "" -#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:21 +#: src/error-handling/panics.md +msgid "\"{result:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md +msgid "\"oh no!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md +msgid "" +"Catching is unusual; do not attempt to implement exceptions with " +"`catch_unwind`!" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single " @@ -12033,158 +10838,52 @@ msgstr "" "Może to być przydatne na serwerach, które powinny działać, nawet jeśli są " "pojedyncze żądania awarii." -#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:23 +#: src/error-handling/panics.md #, fuzzy msgid "This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`." msgstr "To nie działa, jeśli w twoim `Cargo.toml` ustawiono `panic = 'abort'`." -#: src/error-handling/result.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Structured Error Handling with `Result`" -msgstr "Strukturalna obsługa błędów za pomocą `Result`" - -#: src/error-handling/result.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when errors " -"are expected as part of normal operation:" -msgstr "" -"Widzieliśmy już enum `Result`. Jest to powszechnie stosowane, gdy występują " -"błędy spodziewane w ramach normalnej eksploatacji:" - -#: src/error-handling/result.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::fs;\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let file = fs::File::open(\"diary.txt\");\n" -" match file {\n" -" Ok(mut file) => {\n" -" let mut contents = String::new();\n" -" file.read_to_string(&mut contents);\n" -" println!(\"Dear diary: {contents}\");\n" -" },\n" -" Err(err) => {\n" -" println!(\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\");\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/error-handling/result.md:27 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the " -"developer to explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the " -"case where an error should never happen, `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be " -"called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too." -msgstr "" -"Podobnie jak w przypadku `Opcji`, pomyślna wartość znajduje się wewnątrz " -"`Result`, zmuszając programistę do tego wyraźnie go wyodrębnić. To zachęca " -"do sprawdzania błędów. W przypadku, gdy błąd nigdy nie powinien się " -"wydarzyć, Można wywołać `unwrap()` lub `expect()`, co również jest sygnałem " -"intencji programisty." - -#: src/error-handling/result.md:30 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it " -"is worth mentioning. It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions " -"that help functional-style programming. " -msgstr "" -"Dokumentacja `Result` jest zalecaną lekturą. Nie w trakcie kursu, ale warto " -"o tym wspomnieć. Zawiera wiele wygodnych metod i funkcji, które pomagają " -"programować w stylu funkcjonalnym." - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Propagating Errors with `?`" -msgstr "Propagowanie błędów za pomocą `?`" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:3 -#, fuzzy +#: src/error-handling/try.md msgid "" +"Runtime errors like connection-refused or file-not-found are handled with " +"the `Result` type, but matching this type on every call can be cumbersome. " "The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you " "turn the common" msgstr "" -"Operator try `?` służy do zwracania błędów do obiektu wywołującego. Pozwala " -"się obrócić wspólne" -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"match some_expression {\n" -" Ok(value) => value,\n" -" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"match some_expression {\n" -" Ok(value) => value,\n" -" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:13 +#: src/error-handling/try.md #, fuzzy msgid "into the much simpler" msgstr "w dużo prostsze" -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:15 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"some_expression?\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"jakieś_wyrażenie?\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:19 +#: src/error-handling/try.md #, fuzzy msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handling code:" msgstr "Możemy użyć tego, aby uprościć nasz kod przekazywania błędów:" -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:21 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::{fs, io};\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"\n" -"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);\n" -" let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n" -" Ok(file) => file,\n" -" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" -" };\n" -"\n" -" let mut username = String::new();\n" -" match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n" -" Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n" -" Err(err) => Err(err),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n" -" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n" -" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/error-handling/try.md +msgid "//fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n" msgstr "" -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:50 -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:52 +#: src/error-handling/try.md src/error-handling/try-conversions.md +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +msgid "\"config.dat\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try.md src/error-handling/try-conversions.md +msgid "\"username or error: {username:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try.md +msgid "Simplify the `read_username` function to use `?`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try.md #, fuzzy msgid "The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`." msgstr "Zmienna `username` może mieć postać `Ok(string)` lub `Err(error)`." -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:51 -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:53 +#: src/error-handling/try.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty " @@ -12193,25 +10892,15 @@ msgstr "" "Użyj wywołania `fs::write`, aby przetestować różne scenariusze: brak pliku, " "pusty plik, plik z nazwą użytkownika." -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:52 +#: src/error-handling/try.md msgid "" -"The return type of the function has to be compatible with the nested " -"functions it calls. For instance, a function returning a `Result` " -"can only apply the `?` operator on a function returning a `Result`. It cannot apply the `?` operator on a function returning an " -"`Option` or `Result` unless `OtherErr` implements " -"`From`. Reciprocally, a function returning an `Option` can only " -"apply the `?` operator on a function returning an `Option`." +"Note that `main` can return a `Result<(), E>` as long as it implements `std::" +"process:Termination`. In practice, this means that `E` implements `Debug`. " +"The executable will print the `Err` variant and return a nonzero exit status " +"on error." msgstr "" -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:57 -msgid "" -"You can convert incompatible types into one another with the different " -"`Option` and `Result` methods such as `Option::ok_or`, `Result::ok`, " -"`Result::err`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:3 +#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously " @@ -12220,226 +10909,109 @@ msgstr "" "Efektywna interpretacja znaku `?` jest nieco bardziej skomplikowana niż " "wskazano wcześniej:" -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"expression?\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"wyrażenie?\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:9 +#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md #, fuzzy msgid "works the same as" msgstr "działa tak samo jak" -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:11 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"match expression {\n" -" Ok(value) => value,\n" -" Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"match wyrażenie {\n" -" Ok(value) => value,\n" -" Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:18 +#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to the " -"type returned by the function:" +"type returned by the function. This makes it easy to encapsulate errors into " +"higher-level errors." msgstr "" "Wywołanie `From::from` oznacza, że próbujemy przekonwertować typ błędu na " "typ zwracany przez funkcję:" -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:3 +#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md +msgid "\"IO error: {e}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md +msgid "\"Found no username in {path}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +msgid "//fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::error::Error;\n" -"use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n" -"use std::fs::{self, File};\n" -"use std::io::{self, Read};\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"enum ReadUsernameError {\n" -" IoError(io::Error),\n" -" EmptyUsername(String),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}\n" -"\n" -"impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n" -" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n" -" match self {\n" -" Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {e}\"),\n" -" Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username " -"in {filename}\"),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl From for ReadUsernameError {\n" -" fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n" -" ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" -" File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" -" if username.is_empty() {\n" -" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(username)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n" -" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"The `?` operator must return a value compatible with the return type of the " +"function. For `Result`, it means that the error types have to be compatible. " +"A function that returns `Result` can only use `?` on a value " +"of type `Result` if `ErrorOuter` and `ErrorInner` are the " +"same type or if `ErrorOuter` implements `From`." msgstr "" -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:55 +#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "" -"It is good practice for all error types that don't need to be `no_std` to " -"implement `std::error::Error`, which requires `Debug` and `Display`. The " -"`Error` crate for `core` is only available in [nightly](https://github.com/" -"rust-lang/rust/issues/103765), so not fully `no_std` compatible yet." +"A common alternative to a `From` implementation is `Result::map_err`, " +"especially when the conversion only happens in one place." msgstr "" -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:57 -#, fuzzy +#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "" -"It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too where " -"possible, to make life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In " -"this case we can't easily do so, because `io::Error` doesn't implement them." +"There is no compatibility requirement for `Option`. A function returning " +"`Option` can use the `?` operator on `Option` for arbitrary `T` and " +"`U` types." msgstr "" -"Dobrą praktyką dla wszystkich typów błędów jest implementacja `std::error::" -"Error`, która wymaga `Debugowania` i `Wyświetlanie`. Generalnie pomocne jest " -"dla nich zaimplementowanie `Clone` i `Eq` tam, gdzie to możliwe ułatwi życie " -"testerom i konsumentom Twojej biblioteki. W tym przypadku nie możemy tego " -"łatwo zrobić, ponieważ `io::Error` nie implementuje ich." -#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:3 -#, fuzzy +#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "" -"The [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) crate is a popular way to create " -"an error enum like we did on the previous page:" -msgstr "" -"Skrzynka [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) to popularny sposób " -"tworzenia enum błędu, tak jak zrobiliśmy to na poprzedniej stronie:" - -#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::{fs, io};\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"use thiserror::Error;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n" -"enum ReadUsernameError {\n" -" #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n" -" IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n" -" #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n" -" EmptyUsername(String),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let mut username = String::new();\n" -" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" -" if username.is_empty() {\n" -" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(username)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" -" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"A function that returns `Result` cannot use `?` on `Option` and vice versa. " +"However, `Option::ok_or` converts `Option` to `Result` whereas `Result::ok` " +"turns `Result` into `Option`." msgstr "" -#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:39 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, and " -"optionally `Display` (if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) and " -"`From` (if the `#[from]` attribute is added). It also works for structs." -msgstr "" -"Makro pochodne `thiserror` automatycznie implementuje `std::error::Error` i " -"opcjonalnie `Display` (jeśli podano atrybuty `#[error(...)]`) i `From` " -"(jeśli dodano atrybut `#[from]`). Działa również dla struktur." +#: src/error-handling/error.md +msgid "Dynamic Error Types" +msgstr "Dynamiczne typy błędów" -#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:43 -#, fuzzy -msgid "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries." -msgstr "" -"Nie wpływa na twój publiczny interfejs API, co czyni go dobrym dla bibliotek." - -#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:3 +#: src/error-handling/error.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing " -"our own enum covering all the different possibilities. `std::error::Error` " -"makes this easy." +"our own enum covering all the different possibilities. The `std::error::" +"Error` trait makes it easy to create a trait object that can contain any " +"error." msgstr "" "Czasami chcemy zezwolić na zwrócenie dowolnego rodzaju błędu bez pisania " "własnego pokrycia wyliczeniowego wszystkie różne możliwości. `std::error::" "Error` ułatwia to zadanie." -#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::fs;\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"use thiserror::Error;\n" -"use std::error::Error;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n" -"#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n" -"struct EmptyUsernameError(String);\n" -"\n" -"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result> {\n" -" let mut username = String::new();\n" -" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" -" if username.is_empty() {\n" -" return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(username)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" -" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/error-handling/error.md +msgid "\"count.dat\"" msgstr "" -#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:36 +#: src/error-handling/error.md +msgid "\"1i3\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/error.md +msgid "\"Count: {count}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/error.md +msgid "\"Error: {err}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/error.md +msgid "" +"The `read_count` function can return `std::io::Error` (from file operations) " +"or `std::num::ParseIntError` (from `String::parse`)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/error.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"This saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle different " -"error cases differently in the program. As such it's generally not a good " -"idea to use `Box` in the public API of a library, but it can be a " -"good option in a program where you just want to display the error message " -"somewhere." +"Boxing errors saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle " +"different error cases differently in the program. As such it's generally not " +"a good idea to use `Box` in the public API of a library, but it " +"can be a good option in a program where you just want to display the error " +"message somewhere." msgstr "" "Oszczędza to kod, ale rezygnuje z możliwości czystego radzenia sobie z " "różnymi przypadkami błędów w inny sposób program. W związku z tym generalnie " @@ -12447,52 +11019,79 @@ msgstr "" "aplikacji a Library, ale może to być dobra opcja w programie, w którym " "chcesz tylko wyświetlić komunikat o błędzie gdzieś." -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:3 -#, fuzzy +#: src/error-handling/error.md msgid "" -"The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add " -"contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer custom " -"error types:" -msgstr "" -"Powszechnie używana [mimo wszystko](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) skrzynka może " -"pomóc w dodaniu informacje kontekstowe do twoich błędów i pozwala mieć ich " -"mniej niestandardowe typy błędów:" - -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::{fs, io};\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n" -"\n" -"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" -" fs::File::open(path)\n" -" .with_context(|| format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n" -" .read_to_string(&mut username)\n" -" .context(\"Failed to read\")?;\n" -" if username.is_empty() {\n" -" bail!(\"Found no username in {path}\");\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(username)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" -" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"Make sure to implement the `std::error::Error` trait when defining a custom " +"error type so it can be boxed. But if you need to support the `no_std` " +"attribute, keep in mind that the `std::error::Error` trait is currently " +"compatible with `no_std` in [nightly](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/" +"issues/103765) only." msgstr "" -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:35 +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md #, fuzzy -msgid "`anyhow::Result` is a type alias for `Result`." -msgstr "`anyhow::Result` jest aliasem typu dla `Result`." +msgid "" +"The [`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) and [`anyhow`](https://docs.rs/" +"anyhow/) crates are widely used to simplify error handling." +msgstr "" +"Skrzynka [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) to popularny sposób " +"tworzenia enum błędu, tak jak zrobiliśmy to na poprzedniej stronie:" -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:36 +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +msgid "" +"`thiserror` is often used in libraries to create custom error types that " +"implement `From`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +msgid "" +"`anyhow` is often used by applications to help with error handling in " +"functions, including adding contextual information to your errors." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +msgid "\"Found no username in {0}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +msgid "\"Failed to open {path}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +msgid "\"Failed to read\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +msgid "\"Username: {username}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +msgid "\"Error: {err:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +msgid "`thiserror`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +msgid "" +"The `Error` derive macro is provided by `thiserror`, and has lots of useful " +"attributes to help define error types in a compact way." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +msgid "The `std::error::Error` trait is derived automatically." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +msgid "The message from `#[error]` is used to derive the `Display` trait." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +msgid "`anyhow`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box`. As such " @@ -12503,7 +11102,12 @@ msgstr "" "Jako taki to znowu generalnie nie dobry wybór dla publicznego interfejsu API " "biblioteki, ale jest szeroko stosowany w aplikacjach." -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:38 +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`anyhow::Result` is a type alias for `Result`." +msgstr "`anyhow::Result` jest aliasem typu dla `Result`." + +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if necessary." @@ -12511,7 +11115,7 @@ msgstr "" "Rzeczywisty typ błędu w nim można wyodrębnić w celu zbadania, jeśli to " "konieczne." -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:39 +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result` may be familiar to Go " @@ -12522,214 +11126,158 @@ msgstr "" "programistom Go, ponieważ zapewnia podobne wzorce użytkowania i ergonomia do " "`(T, error)` z Go." -#: src/testing.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:" -msgstr "" -"Rust i Cargo są dostarczane z prostym frameworkiem do testów jednostkowych:" - -#: src/testing.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Unit tests are supported throughout your code." -msgstr "Testy jednostkowe są obsługiwane w całym kodzie." - -#: src/testing.md:7 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory." -msgstr "Testy integracyjne są obsługiwane przez katalog `tests/`." - -#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:" -msgstr "Oznacz testy jednostkowe za pomocą `#[test]`:" - -#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:5 +#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable,ignore\n" -"fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n" -" match text.find(' ') {\n" -" Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n" -" None => &text,\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_empty() {\n" -" assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_single_word() {\n" -" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_multiple_words() {\n" -" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"`anyhow::Context` is a trait implemented for the standard `Result` and " +"`Option` types. `use anyhow::Context` is necessary to enable `.context()` " +"and `.with_context()` on those types." msgstr "" -#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:29 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests." -msgstr "Użyj testu ładunku, aby znaleźć i uruchomić testy jednostkowe." +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md +msgid "Exercise: Rewriting with Result" +msgstr "" -#: src/testing/test-modules.md:3 -#, fuzzy +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md msgid "" -"Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the [Playground]" -"(https://play.rust-lang.org/)):" +"The following implements a very simple parser for an expression language. " +"However, it handles errors by panicking. Rewrite it to instead use idiomatic " +"error handling and propagate errors to a return from `main`. Feel free to " +"use `thiserror` and `anyhow`." msgstr "" -"Testy jednostkowe są często umieszczane w zagnieżdżonym module (uruchamiaj " -"testy na [Plac zabaw](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):" -#: src/testing/test-modules.md:6 +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n" -" format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[cfg(test)]\n" -"mod tests {\n" -" use super::*;\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_helper() {\n" -" assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"HINT: start by fixing error handling in the `parse` function. Once that is " +"working correctly, update `Tokenizer` to implement " +"`Iterator>` and handle that in the parser." msgstr "" -#: src/testing/test-modules.md:26 -#, fuzzy -msgid "This lets you unit test private helpers." -msgstr "To pozwala testować prywatnych pomocników jednostkowych." - -#: src/testing/test-modules.md:27 -#, fuzzy -msgid "The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`." +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "/// An arithmetic operator.\n" msgstr "" -"Atrybut `#[cfg(test)]` jest aktywny tylko po uruchomieniu `cargo test`." -#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:" -msgstr "Rust ma wbudowaną obsługę testów dokumentacji:" +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "/// A token in the expression language.\n" +msgstr "" -#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:5 +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "/// An expression in the expression language.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "/// A reference to a variable.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "/// A literal number.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "/// A binary operation.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "'z'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "'_'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "'+'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "'-'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md +msgid "\"Unexpected character {c}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "\"Unexpected end of input\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md +msgid "\"Invalid 32-bit integer'\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md +msgid "\"Unexpected token {tok:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "// Look ahead to parse a binary operation if present.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "\"10+foo+20-30\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "\"{expr:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "\"Unexpected character '{0}' in input\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "\"Tokenizer error: {0}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "\"Unexpected token {0:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/solution.md +msgid "\"Invalid number\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust.md +msgid "[Unsafe](./unsafe-rust/unsafe.md) (5 minutes)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust.md msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n" -"///\n" -"/// ```\n" -"/// use playground::shorten_string;\n" -"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n" -"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n" -"/// ```\n" -"pub fn shorten_string(s: &str, length: usize) -> &str {\n" -" &s[..std::cmp::min(length, s.len())]\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"[Dereferencing Raw Pointers](./unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" -#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:18 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code." -msgstr "" -"Bloki kodu w komentarzach `///` są automatycznie postrzegane jako kod Rusta." - -#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:19 -#, fuzzy -msgid "The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`." -msgstr "Kod zostanie skompilowany i wykonany w ramach testu ładunku." - -#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:20 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" -"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." -msgstr "" -"Przetestuj powyższy kod na [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" -"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." - -#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test." -msgstr "" -"Jeśli chcesz przetestować swoją bibliotekę jako klient, użyj testu " -"integracji." - -#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:" -msgstr "Utwórz plik `.rs` w `tests/`:" - -#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"use my_library::init;\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_init() {\n" -" assert!(init().is_ok());\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/unsafe-rust.md +msgid "[Mutable Static Variables](./unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" -#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:16 -#, fuzzy -msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate." -msgstr "Te testy mają dostęp tylko do publicznego API Twojej skrzynki." - -#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:1 -msgid "Useful crates for writing tests" +#: src/unsafe-rust.md +msgid "[Unions](./unsafe-rust/unions.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" -#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests." -msgstr "Rust ma wbudowaną obsługę testów dokumentacji:" - -#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:5 -msgid "Here are some additional crates which we recommend for writing tests:" +#: src/unsafe-rust.md +msgid "[Unsafe Functions](./unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" -#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:7 -msgid "" -"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Comprehensive test assertion " -"library in the tradition of GoogleTest for C++." +#: src/unsafe-rust.md +msgid "[Unsafe Traits](./unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" -#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:8 -msgid "[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Property-based testing for Rust." +#: src/unsafe-rust.md +msgid "[Exercise: FFI Wrapper](./unsafe-rust/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" msgstr "" -#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:9 -msgid "" -"[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Support for fixtures and parameterised " -"tests." -msgstr "" - -#: src/unsafe.md:3 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md #, fuzzy msgid "The Rust language has two parts:" msgstr "Język Rust składa się z dwóch części:" -#: src/unsafe.md:5 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md #, fuzzy msgid "**Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible." msgstr "" "**Bezpieczna rdza:** bezpieczna pamięć, niemożliwe niezdefiniowane " "zachowanie." -#: src/unsafe.md:6 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "**Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are " @@ -12738,16 +11286,16 @@ msgstr "" "**Niebezpieczna rdza:** może wywołać niezdefiniowane zachowanie, jeśli " "zostaną naruszone warunki wstępne." -#: src/unsafe.md:8 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"We will be seeing mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to " -"know what Unsafe Rust is." +"We saw mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to know what " +"Unsafe Rust is." msgstr "" "W tym kursie zobaczymy głównie bezpieczną Rust, ale ważne jest, aby wiedzieć " "czym jest niebezpieczna rdza." -#: src/unsafe.md:11 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be " @@ -12757,37 +11305,37 @@ msgstr "" "być ostrożna udokumentowane. Zwykle jest opakowany w bezpieczną warstwę " "abstrakcji." -#: src/unsafe.md:14 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md #, fuzzy msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:" msgstr "Unsafe Rust zapewnia dostęp do pięciu nowych możliwości:" -#: src/unsafe.md:16 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md #, fuzzy msgid "Dereference raw pointers." msgstr "Wyłuskaj surowe wskaźniki." -#: src/unsafe.md:17 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md #, fuzzy msgid "Access or modify mutable static variables." msgstr "Uzyskaj dostęp lub modyfikuj zmienne zmienne statyczne." -#: src/unsafe.md:18 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md #, fuzzy msgid "Access `union` fields." msgstr "Dostęp do pól „unii”." -#: src/unsafe.md:19 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md #, fuzzy msgid "Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions." msgstr "Wywołaj funkcje `niebezpieczne`, w tym funkcje `extern`." -#: src/unsafe.md:20 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md #, fuzzy msgid "Implement `unsafe` traits." msgstr "Implementuj „niebezpieczne” cechy." -#: src/unsafe.md:22 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please see " @@ -12799,11 +11347,11 @@ msgstr "" "rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html) oraz [Rustonomicon](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/nomicon/)." -#: src/unsafe.md:28 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers " -"have turned off the compiler safety features and have to write correct code " +"have turned off some compiler safety features and have to write correct code " "by themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety " "rules." msgstr "" @@ -12812,38 +11360,50 @@ msgstr "" "napisać poprawny kod wg sobie. Oznacza to, że kompilator nie egzekwuje już " "zasad bezpieczeństwa pamięci Rusta." -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:3 +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md #, fuzzy msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:" msgstr "" "Tworzenie wskaźników jest bezpieczne, ale dereferencja wymaga " "„niebezpiecznego”:" -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:5 +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md +msgid "\"careful!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut num = 5;\n" -"\n" -" let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n" -" let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are\n" +"// Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are\n" " // guaranteed to be non-null and properly aligned, the objects " "underlying\n" " // the references from which they were obtained are live throughout the\n" " // whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n" " // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" println!(\"r1 is: {}\", *r1);\n" -" *r1 = 10;\n" -" println!(\"r2 is: {}\", *r2);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" msgstr "" -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:27 +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md +msgid "\"r1 is: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md +msgid "\"uhoh\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md +msgid "\"r2 is: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md +msgid "" +"// NOT SAFE. DO NOT DO THIS.\n" +" /*\n" +" let r3: &String = unsafe { &*r1 };\n" +" drop(s);\n" +" println!(\"r3 is: {}\", *r3);\n" +" */" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write " @@ -12855,7 +11415,7 @@ msgstr "" "sposób znajdujący się w nim kod spełnia wymagania bezpieczeństwa " "niebezpiecznego operacje, które wykonuje." -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:31 +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be " @@ -12864,12 +11424,12 @@ msgstr "" "W przypadku dereferencji wskaźników oznacza to, że wskaźniki muszą być " "[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), czyli:" -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:34 +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md #, fuzzy msgid "The pointer must be non-null." msgstr "Wskaźnik musi być inny niż null." -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:35 +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single " @@ -12878,17 +11438,17 @@ msgstr "" "Wskaźnik musi być _dereferenceable_ (w granicach pojedynczego przydzielonego " "obiektu)." -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:36 +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md #, fuzzy msgid "The object must not have been deallocated." msgstr "Obiekt nie może być cofnięty." -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:37 +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md #, fuzzy msgid "There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location." msgstr "Nie może być jednoczesnych dostępów do tej samej lokalizacji." -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:38 +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object " @@ -12898,29 +11458,34 @@ msgstr "" "pod spodem musi być żywy i nie odwołanie może być użyte do uzyskania dostępu " "do pamięci." -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:41 +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md #, fuzzy msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned." msgstr "" "W większości przypadków wskaźnik musi być również odpowiednio wyrównany." -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:3 +#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md +msgid "" +"The \"NOT SAFE\" section gives an example of a common kind of UB bug: `*r1` " +"has the `'static` lifetime, so `r3` has type `&'static String`, and thus " +"outlives `s`. Creating a reference from a pointer requires _great care_." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md #, fuzzy msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:" msgstr "Odczyt niezmiennej zmiennej statycznej jest bezpieczny:" -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"Hello, world!\"" +msgstr "Witaj świecie!" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md +msgid "\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:13 +#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable " @@ -12929,24 +11494,19 @@ msgstr "" "Ponieważ jednak mogą wystąpić wyścigi danych, odczytywanie i zapisywanie " "zmiennych jest niebezpieczne zmienne statyczne:" -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:16 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;\n" -"\n" -"fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n" -" unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potential data race!\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" add_to_counter(42);\n" -"\n" -" unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potential data race!\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md +msgid "\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:32 +#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md +msgid "" +"The program here is safe because it is single-threaded. However, the Rust " +"compiler is conservative and will assume the worst. Try removing the " +"`unsafe` and see how the compiler explains that it is undefined behavior to " +"mutate a static from multiple threads." +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases " @@ -12957,29 +11517,25 @@ msgstr "" "których może to mieć sens w kodzie niskiego poziomu `no_std`, takim jak " "implementacja alokatora sterty lub praca z niektórymi interfejsami API C." -#: src/unsafe/unions.md:3 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md #, fuzzy msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:" msgstr "Unie są jak wyliczenia, ale musisz samodzielnie śledzić aktywne pole:" -#: src/unsafe/unions.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[repr(C)]\n" -"union MyUnion {\n" -" i: u8,\n" -" b: bool,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n" -" println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n" -" println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Undefined behavior!\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md +msgid "\"int: {}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/unsafe/unions.md:21 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md +msgid "\"bool: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// Undefined behavior!\n" +msgstr "Brak niezdefiniowanego zachowania w czasie wykonywania:" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They " @@ -12989,7 +11545,7 @@ msgstr "" "wyliczenia. Czasami są potrzebne do interakcji z interfejsami API biblioteki " "C." -#: src/unsafe/unions.md:24 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably want " @@ -13002,7 +11558,11 @@ msgstr "" "stable/std/mem/fn.transmute.html) lub sejf opakowanie, takie jak skrzynka " "[`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy)." -#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:3 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md +msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions" +msgstr "Wywoływanie niebezpiecznych funkcji" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions " @@ -13012,37 +11572,57 @@ msgstr "" "dodatkowe warunki wstępne których należy przestrzegać, aby uniknąć " "niezdefiniowanych zachowań:" -#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds " -"of\n" -" // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n" -" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n" -" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis." -"get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n" -"\n" -" // Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n" -" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n" -" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis." -"get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n" -" s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md src/android/interoperability/with-c.md +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"C\"" msgstr "" -#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:3 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md +msgid "\"🗻∈🌏\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md +msgid "" +"// Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds of\n" +" // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md +msgid "\"emoji: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md +msgid "\"char count: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n" +msgstr "Brak niezdefiniowanego zachowania w czasie wykonywania:" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md +msgid "\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md +msgid "" +"// Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n" +" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n" +" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe {\n" +" // emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md +msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions" +msgstr "Pisanie niebezpiecznych funkcji" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular " @@ -13051,103 +11631,71 @@ msgstr "" "Możesz oznaczyć własne funkcje jako „niebezpieczne”, jeśli wymagają " "określonych warunków, aby uniknąć niezdefiniowanych zachowanie." -#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:6 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" "/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n" "///\n" "/// # Safety\n" "///\n" "/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n" -"unsafe fn swap(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n" -" let temp = *a;\n" -" *a = *b;\n" -" *b = temp;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a = 42;\n" -" let mut b = 66;\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because ...\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n" -"}\n" -"```" msgstr "" -#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:33 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"We wouldn't actually use pointers for this because it can be done safely " -"with references." -msgstr "" -"W rzeczywistości nie używalibyśmy do tego wskaźników, ponieważ można to " -"zrobić bezpiecznie za pomocą referencji." - -#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:35 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an " -"`unsafe` block. We can prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. " -"Try adding it and see what happens." -msgstr "" -"Należy zauważyć, że niebezpieczny kod jest dozwolony w niebezpiecznej " -"funkcji bez bloku `unsafe`. Możemy zabronić tego za pomocą " -"`#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Spróbuj go dodać i zobacz, co się stanie." - -#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Calling External Code" -msgstr "Próbki kodu" - -#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. Calling " -"them is thus unsafe:" -msgstr "" -"Funkcje z innych języków mogą naruszać gwarancje Rusta. Powołanie są więc " -"niebezpieczne:" - -#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"extern \"C\" {\n" -" fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" // Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n" -" println!(\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\", abs(-3));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md +msgid "// Safe because ...\n" msgstr "" -#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:21 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md +msgid "\"a = {}, b = {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"This is usually only a problem for extern functions which do things with " -"pointers which might violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C " -"function might have undefined behaviour under any arbitrary circumstances." +"`get_unchecked`, like most `_unchecked` functions, is unsafe, because it can " +"create UB if the range is incorrect. `abs` is incorrect for a different " +"reason: it is an external function (FFI). Calling external functions is " +"usually only a problem when those functions do things with pointers which " +"might violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C function might have " +"undefined behaviour under any arbitrary circumstances." msgstr "" "Zwykle jest to problem tylko w przypadku funkcji extern, które robią rzeczy " "ze wskaźnikami, które mogą naruszają model pamięci Rusta, ale ogólnie każda " "funkcja C może mieć niezdefiniowane zachowanie pod dowolnym arbitralne " "okoliczności." -#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:25 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "" "The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI; [other ABIs are available too]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)." msgstr "" -#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:3 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"We wouldn't actually use pointers for a `swap` function - it can be done " +"safely with references." +msgstr "" +"W rzeczywistości nie używalibyśmy do tego wskaźników, ponieważ można to " +"zrobić bezpiecznie za pomocą referencji." + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an " +"`unsafe` block. We can prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. " +"Try adding it and see what happens. This will likely change in a future Rust " +"edition." +msgstr "" +"Należy zauważyć, że niebezpieczny kod jest dozwolony w niebezpiecznej " +"funkcji bez bloku `unsafe`. Możemy zabronić tego za pomocą " +"`#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Spróbuj go dodać i zobacz, co się stanie." + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits" +msgstr "Wdrażanie niebezpiecznych cech" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation " @@ -13157,7 +11705,7 @@ msgstr "" "„niebezpieczną”, jeśli implementacja musi gwarantować szczególne warunki, " "aby uniknąć nieokreślonego zachowania." -#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:6 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks [something " @@ -13166,35 +11714,18 @@ msgstr "" "Na przykład skrzynka „zerocopy” ma niebezpieczną cechę, która wygląda [coś " "takiego](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):" -#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:9 -#, fuzzy +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::mem::size_of_val;\n" -"use std::slice;\n" -"\n" "/// ...\n" "/// # Safety\n" "/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n" -"pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n" -" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, " -"size_of_val(self))\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n" -"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n" -"```" msgstr "" -"/// ... /// # Bezpieczeństwo /// Typ musi mieć zdefiniowaną reprezentację i " -"brak dopełnienia. niebezpieczna cecha publikacji AsBytes { fn " -"as_bytes(&self) -> &\\[u8\\] { niebezpieczny { slice::from_raw_parts(self " -"jako \\*const Self as \\*const u8, size_of_val(self)) } } }" -#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:30 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md +msgid "// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining " @@ -13203,7 +11734,7 @@ msgstr "" "Powinna istnieć sekcja `# Safety` w Rustdoc dla cechy wyjaśniającej " "wymagania dla cecha, którą należy bezpiecznie wdrożyć." -#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:33 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more " @@ -13212,86 +11743,59 @@ msgstr "" "Właściwa sekcja bezpieczeństwa dla `AsBytes` jest raczej dłuższa i bardziej " "skomplikowana." -#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:35 +#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md #, fuzzy msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe." msgstr "Wbudowane cechy „Wyślij” i „Synchronizacja” są niebezpieczne." -#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Day 3: Afternoon Exercises" -msgstr "Dzień 3: Ćwiczenia popołudniowe" +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md +msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper" +msgstr "Bezpieczne opakowanie FFI" -#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!" -msgstr "Zbudujmy bezpieczne opakowanie do odczytu zawartości katalogu!" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:5 -msgid "" -"For this exercise, we suggest using a local dev environment instead of the " -"Playground. This will allow you to run your binary on your own machine." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:8 -msgid "" -"To get started, follow the [running locally](../../cargo/running-locally.md) " -"instructions." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:14 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution](solutions-" -"afternoon.md) provided." -msgstr "" -"Po obejrzeniu ćwiczenia możesz spojrzeć na podane [rozwiązanie](solutions-" -"afternoon.md)." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:3 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function " "interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc` " -"functions you would use from C to read the filenames of a directory." +"functions you would use from C to read the names of files in a directory." msgstr "" "Rust ma świetne wsparcie dla wywoływania funkcji poprzez funkcję _foreign " "interfejs_ (FFI). Użyjemy tego do zbudowania bezpiecznego opakowania dla " "`libc` funkcje, których użyłbyś z C do odczytania nazw plików z katalogu." -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:7 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:" msgstr "Będziesz chciał zapoznać się ze stronami podręcznika:" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:9 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)" msgstr "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:10 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)" msgstr "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:11 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)" msgstr "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:13 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "ffi/) module. There you find a number of string types which you need for the " "exercise:" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "Encoding" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "Use" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) and [`String`]" @@ -13300,16 +11804,16 @@ msgstr "" "[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) i [`Write`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) używane do IO," -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "UTF-8" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "Text processing in Rust" msgstr "Przenoszenie String w Ruście" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) and [`CString`]" @@ -13318,15 +11822,15 @@ msgstr "" "[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) i [`Write`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) używane do IO," -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "NUL-terminated" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "Communicating with C functions" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) and " @@ -13335,59 +11839,59 @@ msgstr "" "[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) i [`Write`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) używane do IO," -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "OS-specific" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "Communicating with the OS" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:22 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "You will convert between all these types:" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:24 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "`&str` to `CString`: you need to allocate space for a trailing `\\0` " "character," msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:25 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "`CString` to `*const i8`: you need a pointer to call C functions," msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:26 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "`*const i8` to `&CStr`: you need something which can find the trailing `\\0` " "character," msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:27 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "`&CStr` to `&[u8]`: a slice of bytes is the universal interface for \"some " -"unknow data\"," +"unknown data\"," msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:28 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "`&[u8]` to `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` is a step towards `OsString`, use [`OsStrExt`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) to create it," msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:31 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "`&OsStr` to `OsString`: you need to clone the data in `&OsStr` to be able to " "return it and call `readdir` again." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:34 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "The [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) also has a very " "useful chapter about FFI." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:45 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Copy the code below to and fill in the missing " @@ -13396,129 +11900,163 @@ msgstr "" "Skopiuj poniższy kod na i uzupełnij brakujące " "funkcje i metody:" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:48 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"macos\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "// Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"mod ffi {\n" -" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n" -" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n" -"\n" -" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct DIR {\n" -" _data: [u8; 0],\n" -" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::" -"PhantomPinned)>,\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t " -"and\n" +"// Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t and\n" " // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n" " // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n" -" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct dirent {\n" -" pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n" -" pub d_off: c_long,\n" -" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" -" pub d_type: c_uchar,\n" -" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n" -" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct dirent {\n" -" pub d_fileno: u64,\n" -" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n" -" pub d_reclen: u16,\n" -" pub d_namlen: u16,\n" -" pub d_type: u8,\n" -" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" extern \"C\" {\n" -" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" -"\n" -" #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n" -" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" -"\n" -" // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section " -"on\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "// Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"x86_64\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "" +"// See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section on\n" " // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n" " //\n" " // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" " "refers\n" " // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and " "PowerPC.\n" -" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n" -" #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n" -" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" -"\n" -" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" -"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct DirectoryIterator {\n" -" path: CString,\n" -" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl DirectoryIterator {\n" -" fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" -" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" -" type Item = OsString;\n" -" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" -" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" -" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" -" // Call closedir as needed.\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" -" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" -" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" msgstr "" -#: src/android.md:1 +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"readdir$INODE64\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"// Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" +" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" +msgstr "" +"impl DirectoryIterator { fn new(path: &str) -> Result\\ { // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked, // otherwise " +"return Err with a message. unimplemented!() } }" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" +msgstr "" +" { // Wywołuj readdir do uzyskania wskaźnika NULL. unimplemented!() } }" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "// Call closedir as needed.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md +msgid "\".\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"files: {:#?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"Invalid path: {err}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "// SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"Could not open {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"// Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" +" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n" +msgstr "" +" { // Wywołuj readdir do uzyskania wskaźnika NULL. unimplemented!() } }" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "// We have reached the end of the directory.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "" +"// SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n" +" // terminated.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "// SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"Could not close {:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"no-such-directory\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"Non UTF-8 character in path\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"..\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"foo.txt\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"The Foo Diaries\\n\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"bar.png\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"\\n\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"crab.rs\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md +msgid "\"//! Crab\\n\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android.md msgid "Welcome to Rust in Android" msgstr "" -#: src/android.md:3 +#: src/android.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Rust is supported for native platform development on Android. This means " -"that you can write new operating system services in Rust, as well as " -"extending existing services." +"Rust is supported for system software on Android. This means that you can " +"write new services, libraries, drivers or even firmware in Rust (or improve " +"existing code as needed)." msgstr "" "Rust jest obsługiwany w przypadku tworzenia natywnych platform na Androida. " "To znaczy że możesz pisać nowe usługi systemu operacyjnego w Rust, a także " "rozszerzać istniejące usługi." -#: src/android.md:7 +#: src/android.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to " @@ -13531,25 +12069,46 @@ msgstr "" "kilka linii kodu Rdza. Im mniej zależności i typów „egzotycznych”, tym " "lepiej. Coś takiego analizuje kilka nieprzetworzonych bajtów byłoby idealnie." -#: src/android/setup.md:3 +#: src/android.md +msgid "" +"The speaker may mention any of the following given the increased use of Rust " +"in Android:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android.md +msgid "" +"Service example: [DNS over HTTP](https://security.googleblog.com/2022/07/dns-" +"over-http3-in-android.html)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android.md +msgid "" +"Libraries: [Rutabaga Virtual Graphics Interface](https://crosvm.dev/book/" +"appendix/rutabaga_gfx.html)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android.md +msgid "" +"Kernel Drivers: [Binder](https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/20231101-" +"rust-binder-v1-0-08ba9197f637@google.com/)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android.md +msgid "" +"Firmware: [pKVM firmware](https://security.googleblog.com/2023/10/bare-metal-" +"rust-in-android.html)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/setup.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"We will be using an Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make sure you " -"have access to one or create a new one with:" +"We will be using a Cuttlefish Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make " +"sure you have access to one or create a new one with:" msgstr "" "Będziemy używać urządzenia wirtualnego z Androidem do testowania naszego " "kodu. Upewnij się że masz dostęp do jednego lub utwórz nowy z:" -#: src/android/setup.md:6 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"source build/envsetup.sh\n" -"lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n" -"acloud create\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/setup.md:12 +#: src/android/setup.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Please see the [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/" @@ -13558,50 +12117,62 @@ msgstr "" "Zobacz [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/" "start), aby uzyskać szczegółowe informacje." -#: src/android/build-rules.md:3 +#: src/android/setup.md +msgid "" +"Cuttlefish is a reference Android device designed to work on generic Linux " +"desktops. MacOS support is also planned." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/setup.md +msgid "" +"The Cuttlefish system image maintains high fidelity to real devices, and is " +"the ideal emulator to run many Rust use cases." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:" msgstr "" "System kompilacji Androida (Soong) obsługuje Rusta za pośrednictwem wielu " "modułów:" -#: src/android/build-rules.md:5 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "Module Type" msgstr "Typ modułu" -#: src/android/build-rules.md:5 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "Description" msgstr "Opis" -#: src/android/build-rules.md:7 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "`rust_binary`" msgstr "`rust_binary`" -#: src/android/build-rules.md:7 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "Produces a Rust binary." msgstr "Tworzy plik binarny Rust." -#: src/android/build-rules.md:8 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "`rust_library`" msgstr "`rust_biblioteka`" -#: src/android/build-rules.md:8 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and `dylib` variants." msgstr "" "Tworzy bibliotekę Rust i udostępnia zarówno warianty `rlib`, jak i `dylib`." -#: src/android/build-rules.md:9 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "`rust_ffi`" msgstr "`rust_ffi`" -#: src/android/build-rules.md:9 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and provides both static " @@ -13610,12 +12181,12 @@ msgstr "" "Tworzy bibliotekę Rust C używaną przez moduły `cc` i zapewnia zarówno " "statyczne, jak i współdzielone warianty." -#: src/android/build-rules.md:10 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "`rust_proc_macro`" msgstr "`rust_proc_macro`" -#: src/android/build-rules.md:10 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are analogous to compiler " @@ -13624,34 +12195,34 @@ msgstr "" "Tworzy bibliotekę `proc-macro` Rusta. Są one analogiczne do wtyczek " "kompilatora." -#: src/android/build-rules.md:11 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "`rust_test`" msgstr "`test_rdzy`" -#: src/android/build-rules.md:11 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard Rust test harness." msgstr "" "Tworzy plik binarny testu Rust, który używa standardowej wiązki testowej " "Rust." -#: src/android/build-rules.md:12 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "`rust_fuzz`" msgstr "`rust_fuzz`" -#: src/android/build-rules.md:12 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging `libfuzzer`." msgstr "Tworzy plik binarny Rust fuzz wykorzystujący `libfuzzer`." -#: src/android/build-rules.md:13 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "`rust_protobuf`" msgstr "`rust_protobuf`" -#: src/android/build-rules.md:13 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Generates source and produces a Rust library that provides an interface for " @@ -13660,12 +12231,12 @@ msgstr "" "Generuje źródło i tworzy bibliotekę Rust, która zapewnia interfejs dla " "określonego protobuf." -#: src/android/build-rules.md:14 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "`rust_bindgen`" msgstr "`rdza_powiązanie`" -#: src/android/build-rules.md:14 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Generates source and produces a Rust library containing Rust bindings to C " @@ -13674,16 +12245,54 @@ msgstr "" "Generuje źródło i tworzy bibliotekę Rust zawierającą powiązania Rusta z " "bibliotekami C." -#: src/android/build-rules.md:16 +#: src/android/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next." msgstr "Następnie przyjrzymy się `rust_binary` i `rust_library`." -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:1 +#: src/android/build-rules.md +msgid "Additional items speaker may mention:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"Cargo is not optimized for multi-language repos, and also downloads packages " +"from the internet." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"For compliance and performance, Android must have crates in-tree. It must " +"also interop with C/C++/Java code. Soong fills that gap." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"Soong has many similarities to Bazel, which is the open-source variant of " +"Blaze (used in google3)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"There is a plan to transition [Android](https://source.android.com/docs/" +"setup/build/bazel/introduction), [ChromeOS](https://chromium.googlesource." +"com/chromiumos/bazel/), and [Fuchsia](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/" +"build/bazel/introduction) to Bazel." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md +msgid "Learning Bazel-like build rules is useful for all Rust OS developers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md +msgid "Fun fact: Data from Star Trek is a Soong-type Android." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md msgid "Rust Binaries" msgstr "Binaria Rusta" -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:3 +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, " @@ -13692,80 +12301,76 @@ msgstr "" "Zacznijmy od prostej aplikacji. W katalogu głównym kasy AOSP utwórz " "następujące pliki:" -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:6 src/android/build-rules/library.md:13 +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:" msgstr "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:" -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:8 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"hello_rust\",\n" -" crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md +msgid "\"hello_rust\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:16 src/android/build-rules/library.md:34 +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md +#: src/android/logging.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"src/main.rs\"" +msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md #, fuzzy msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:18 -msgid "" +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "//! Rust demo.\n" +msgstr "" "```rust\n" "//! Rust demo.\n" -"\n" -"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n" -"}\n" "```" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md +msgid "/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:27 +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "\"Hello from Rust!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md #, fuzzy msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:" msgstr "Możesz teraz budować, przesyłać i uruchamiać plik binarny:" -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:29 +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md msgid "" "```shell\n" "m hello_rust\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\"\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust\" /data/local/tmp\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:35 -msgid "" -"```text\n" -"Hello from Rust!\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:1 +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "Rust Libraries" msgstr "Biblioteki Rusta" -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:3 +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md #, fuzzy msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android." msgstr "" "Używasz `rust_library` do tworzenia nowej biblioteki Rust dla Androida." -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:5 +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md #, fuzzy msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:" msgstr "Tutaj deklarujemy zależność od dwóch bibliotek:" -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:7 +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md #, fuzzy msgid "`libgreeting`, which we define below," msgstr "`libgreeting`, które definiujemy poniżej," -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:8 +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in [`external/rust/crates/`]" @@ -13776,84 +12381,65 @@ msgstr "" "skrzynie/`](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:" "external/rust/crates/)." -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:15 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" -" crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"libgreetings\",\n" -" \"libtextwrap\",\n" -" ],\n" -" prefer_rlib: true,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"rust_library {\n" -" name: \"libgreetings\",\n" -" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md +msgid "\"hello_rust_with_dep\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:36 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Rust demo.\n" -"\n" -"use greetings::greeting;\n" -"use textwrap::fill;\n" -"\n" -"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md +msgid "\"libgreetings\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:48 +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md +msgid "\"libtextwrap\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md +msgid "// Need this to avoid dynamic link error.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md +msgid "\"greetings\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md src/android/aidl/implementation.md +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"src/lib.rs\"" +msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md #, fuzzy msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:" msgstr "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:" -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:50 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Greeting library.\n" -"\n" -"/// Greet `name`.\n" -"pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n" -" format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md +msgid "//! Greeting library.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:59 +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md +msgid "/// Greet `name`.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md +msgid "\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md #, fuzzy msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:" msgstr "Budujesz, wypychasz i uruchamiasz plik binarny tak jak poprzednio:" -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:61 +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "" "```shell\n" "m hello_rust_with_dep\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep\" /data/local/" +"tmp\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:67 -msgid "" -"```text\n" -"Hello Bob, it is very\n" -"nice to meet you!\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/aidl.md:3 +#: src/android/aidl.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The [Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)](https://developer.android." @@ -13862,68 +12448,61 @@ msgstr "" "[Język definicji interfejsu Androida (AIDL)](https://developer.android.com/" "guide/components/aidl) jest obsługiwany w Rust:" -#: src/android/aidl.md:6 +#: src/android/aidl.md #, fuzzy msgid "Rust code can call existing AIDL servers," msgstr "Kod Rusta może wywoływać istniejące serwery AIDL," -#: src/android/aidl.md:7 +#: src/android/aidl.md #, fuzzy msgid "You can create new AIDL servers in Rust." msgstr "Możesz tworzyć nowe serwery AIDL w Rust." -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:1 +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md #, fuzzy msgid "AIDL Interfaces" msgstr "Interfejsy AIDL" -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:3 +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md #, fuzzy msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:" msgstr "Deklarujesz API swojej usługi za pomocą interfejsu AIDL:" -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:5 +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:" msgstr "" "_urodziny_serwis/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:" -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:7 -msgid "" -"```java\n" -"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" -"\n" -"/** Birthday service interface. */\n" -"interface IBirthdayService {\n" -" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n" -" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md src/android/aidl/changing.md +msgid "/** Birthday service interface. */" msgstr "" -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:17 +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md src/android/aidl/changing.md +msgid "/** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md #, fuzzy msgid "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:" msgstr "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:" -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:19 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"aidl_interface {\n" -" name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n" -" srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n" -" unstable: true,\n" -" backend: {\n" -" rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n" -" enabled: true,\n" -" },\n" -" },\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md +msgid "\"com.example.birthdayservice\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:32 +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"" +msgstr "" +"_urodziny_serwis/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md +msgid "// Rust is not enabled by default\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the " @@ -13932,281 +12511,194 @@ msgstr "" "Dodaj „vendor_available: true”, jeśli plik AIDL jest używany przez plik " "binarny dostawcy przegroda." -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:1 +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md #, fuzzy msgid "Service Implementation" msgstr "Implementacja usługi" -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:3 +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md #, fuzzy msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:" msgstr "Możemy teraz wdrożyć usługę AIDL:" -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:5 +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md #, fuzzy msgid "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:" msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:" -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" -"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" -"\n" -"/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n" -"pub struct BirthdayService;\n" -"\n" -"impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n" -"\n" -"impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n" -" fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::" -"Result {\n" -" Ok(format!(\n" -" \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!" -"\"\n" -" ))\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md +msgid "//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:26 src/android/aidl/server.md:28 -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:37 +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n" +msgstr "Implementacja usługi" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md +msgid "\"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md src/android/aidl/server.md +#: src/android/aidl/client.md #, fuzzy msgid "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:" msgstr "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:" -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:28 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_library {\n" -" name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" -" crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" -" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" -" ],\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md src/android/aidl/server.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"libbirthdayservice\"" +msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md src/android/aidl/server.md +#: src/android/aidl/client.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"birthdayservice\"" +msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md src/android/aidl/server.md +#: src/android/aidl/client.md +msgid "\"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/aidl/server.md:1 +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md src/android/aidl/server.md +#: src/android/aidl/client.md +msgid "\"libbinder_rs\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md #, fuzzy msgid "AIDL Server" msgstr "Serwer AIDL" -#: src/android/aidl/server.md:3 +#: src/android/aidl/server.md #, fuzzy msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:" msgstr "Na koniec możemy stworzyć serwer, który eksponuje usługę:" -#: src/android/aidl/server.md:5 +#: src/android/aidl/server.md #, fuzzy msgid "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:" msgstr "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:" -#: src/android/aidl/server.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Birthday service.\n" -"use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" -"IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" -"\n" -"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" -"\n" -"/// Entry point for birthday service.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n" -" let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n" -" birthday_service,\n" -" binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n" -" );\n" -" binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder." -"as_binder())\n" -" .expect(\"Failed to register service\");\n" -" binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/aidl/server.md src/android/aidl/client.md +msgid "//! Birthday service.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/android/aidl/server.md:30 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"birthday_server\",\n" -" crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" -" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" -" \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" -" ],\n" -" prefer_rlib: true,\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/aidl/server.md +msgid "/// Entry point for birthday service.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:3 +#: src/android/aidl/server.md +msgid "\"Failed to register service\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"birthday_server\"" +msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"src/server.rs\"" +msgstr "serwery." + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md src/android/aidl/client.md +msgid "// To avoid dynamic link error.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md #, fuzzy msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:" msgstr "Możemy teraz zbudować, wypchnąć i uruchomić usługę:" -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:5 +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md msgid "" "```shell\n" "m birthday_server\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server\" /data/local/" +"tmp\n" +"adb root\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:11 +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md #, fuzzy msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:" msgstr "W innym terminalu sprawdź, czy usługa działa:" -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:13 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"adb shell service check birthdayservice\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:17 -msgid "" -"```text\n" -"Service birthdayservice: found\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:21 +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md #, fuzzy msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:" msgstr "Możesz również zadzwonić do serwisu za pomocą `wezwania serwisowego`:" -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:23 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:27 -msgid "" -"```text\n" -"Result: Parcel(\n" -" 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n" -" 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n" -" 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n" -" 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n" -" 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n" -" 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n" -" 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n" -" 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:1 +#: src/android/aidl/client.md #, fuzzy msgid "AIDL Client" msgstr "Klient AIDL" -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:3 +#: src/android/aidl/client.md #, fuzzy msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service." msgstr "Wreszcie możemy stworzyć klienta Rust dla naszej nowej usługi." -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:5 +#: src/android/aidl/client.md #, fuzzy msgid "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:" msgstr "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:" -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Birthday service.\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" -"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" -"\n" -"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" -"\n" -"/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n" -"pub fn connect() -> Result, binder::" -"StatusCode> {\n" -" binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"/// Call the birthday service.\n" -"fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n" -" let name = std::env::args()\n" -" .nth(1)\n" -" .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n" -" let years = std::env::args()\n" -" .nth(2)\n" -" .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::().ok())\n" -" .unwrap_or(42);\n" -"\n" -" binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n" -" let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to " -"BirthdayService\");\n" -" let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n" -" println!(\"{msg}\");\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/aidl/client.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n" +msgstr "" +"/// Połącz się z usługą BirthdayService. pub fn connect() -> Wynik\\ i32;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = -42;\n" -" let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n" -" println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md +msgid "\"{x}, {abs_x}\"" msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = 1;\n" -" let b = &a;\n" -" let a = a + 1;\n" -" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:20 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper exercise](../../exercises/day-3/" @@ -14405,7 +12848,7 @@ msgstr "" "Widzieliśmy to już w [Safe FFI Wrapper ćwiczenie](../../ćwiczenia/dzień-3/" "safe-ffi-wrapper.md)." -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:23 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for " @@ -14413,17 +12856,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Zakłada to pełną znajomość platformy docelowej. Nie zalecane dla produkcja." -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:26 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md #, fuzzy msgid "We will look at better options next." msgstr "W następnej kolejności przyjrzymy się lepszym opcjom." -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:1 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md #, fuzzy msgid "Using Bindgen" msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:3 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) " @@ -14432,72 +12875,60 @@ msgstr "" "Narzędzie [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction." "html) może automatycznie generować powiązania z pliku nagłówkowego C." -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:6 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md #, fuzzy msgid "First create a small C library:" msgstr "Najpierw utwórz małą bibliotekę C:" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:8 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md #, fuzzy msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:" msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:10 -msgid "" -"```c\n" -"typedef struct card {\n" -" const char* name;\n" -" int years;\n" -"} card;\n" -"\n" -"void print_card(const card* card);\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:19 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md #, fuzzy msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:" msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:21 -msgid "" -"```c\n" -"#include \n" -"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" -"\n" -"void print_card(const card* card) {\n" -" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" -" printf(\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\", card->name);\n" -" printf(\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\", card->years);\n" -" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:33 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\"libbirthday.h\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\"+--------------\\n\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md #, fuzzy msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:" msgstr "Dodaj to do swojego pliku `Android.bp`:" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35 -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55 -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69 -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:108 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md #, fuzzy msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:" msgstr "_interoperacyjność/bindgen/Android.bp_:" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:37 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"cc_library {\n" -" name: \"libbirthday\",\n" -" srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\"libbirthday\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:44 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\"libbirthday.c\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this " @@ -14506,237 +12937,192 @@ msgstr "" "Utwórz plik nagłówkowy opakowania dla biblioteki (nie jest to bezwzględnie " "potrzebne w tym przypadku przykład):" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:47 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md #, fuzzy msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:" msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:49 -msgid "" -"```c\n" -"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:53 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md #, fuzzy msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:" msgstr "Możesz teraz automatycznie generować powiązania:" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:57 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_bindgen {\n" -" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n" -" crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n" -" wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n" -" source_stem: \"bindings\",\n" -" static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\"libbirthday_bindgen\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:67 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"birthday_bindgen\"" +msgstr "`rdza_powiązanie`" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\"libbirthday_wrapper.h\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\"bindings\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md #, fuzzy msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:" msgstr "Na koniec możemy użyć powiązań w naszym programie Rust:" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:71 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n" -" srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\"print_birthday_card\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:79 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"main.rs\"" +msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md #, fuzzy msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:" msgstr "_interoperacyjność/bindgen/main.rs_:" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:81 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"//! Bindgen demo.\n" -"\n" -"use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n" -" let card = card {\n" -" name: name.as_ptr(),\n" -" years: 42,\n" -" };\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" print_card(&card as *const card);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "//! Bindgen demo.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:100 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "// SAFETY: `print_card` is safe to call with a valid `card` pointer.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "" "```shell\n" "m print_birthday_card\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card\" /data/local/" +"tmp\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:106 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md #, fuzzy msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:" msgstr "" "Na koniec możemy uruchomić automatycznie generowane testy, aby upewnić się, " "że powiązania działają:" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:110 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_test {\n" -" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" -" srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" -" crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" -" test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n" -" auto_gen_config: true,\n" -" clippy_lints: \"none\", // Generated file, skip linting\n" -" lints: \"none\",\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\"libbirthday_bindgen_test\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:122 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n" -"```" +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\":libbirthday_bindgen\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:1 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\"general-tests\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "\"none\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md +msgid "// Generated file, skip linting\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md #, fuzzy msgid "Calling Rust" msgstr "Ekosystem Rust" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:3 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md #, fuzzy msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:" msgstr "Eksportowanie funkcji i typów Rust do C jest łatwe:" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:5 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md #, fuzzy msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_" msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"//! Rust FFI demo.\n" -"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n" -"\n" -"use std::os::raw::c_int;\n" -"\n" -"/// Analyze the numbers.\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n" -" if x < y {\n" -" println!(\"x ({x}) is smallest!\");\n" -" } else {\n" -" println!(\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "//! Rust FFI demo.\n" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"//! Rust demo.\n" "```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md +msgid "/// Analyze the numbers.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:24 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md +msgid "\"x ({x}) is smallest!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md +msgid "\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md #, fuzzy msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_" msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:26 -msgid "" -"```c\n" -"#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n" -"#define ANALYSE_H\n" -"\n" -"extern \"C\" {\n" -"void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#endif\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:37 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md #, fuzzy msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_" msgstr "_interoperacyjność/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:39 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_ffi {\n" -" name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n" -" crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n" -" srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n" -" include_dirs: [\".\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md +msgid "\"libanalyze_ffi\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:48 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md +msgid "\"analyze_ffi\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md +msgid "\"analyze.rs\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md #, fuzzy msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:" msgstr "Możemy teraz wywołać to z pliku binarnego C:" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:50 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md #, fuzzy msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_" msgstr "_interoperacyjność/rust/analiza/main.c_" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:52 -msgid "" -"```c\n" -"#include \"analyze.h\"\n" -"\n" -"int main() {\n" -" analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n" -" analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n" -" return 0;\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md +msgid "\"analyze.h\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:62 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md #, fuzzy msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_" msgstr "_interoperacyjność/rust/analyze/Android.bp_" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:64 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"cc_binary {\n" -" name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n" -" srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n" -" static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md +msgid "\"analyze_numbers\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:75 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md +msgid "\"main.c\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "" "```shell\n" "m analyze_numbers\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers\" /data/local/" +"tmp\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:83 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol " @@ -14747,7 +13133,7 @@ msgstr "" "symbol będzie po prostu nazwą funkcja. Możesz także użyć `#[nazwa_eksportu = " "\"jakaś_nazwa\"]`, aby określić dowolną nazwę." -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:3 +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The [CXX crate](https://cxx.rs/) makes it possible to do safe " @@ -14756,62 +13142,461 @@ msgstr "" "[Skrzynia CXX](https://cxx.rs/) umożliwia bezpieczną interoperacyjność " "między Rust i C++." -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:6 +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md #, fuzzy msgid "The overall approach looks like this:" msgstr "Ogólne podejście wygląda następująco:" -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:10 +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md +msgid "" +"CXX relies on a description of the function signatures that will be exposed " +"from each language to the other. You provide this description using extern " +"blocks in a Rust module annotated with the `#[cxx::bridge]` attribute macro." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md +msgid "\"org::blobstore\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md +msgid "// Shared structs with fields visible to both languages.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md +msgid "// Rust types and signatures exposed to C++.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md +msgid "\"Rust\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md +msgid "// C++ types and signatures exposed to Rust.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md +msgid "\"C++\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md +msgid "\"include/blobstore.h\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md +msgid "The bridge is generally declared in an `ffi` module within your crate." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md +msgid "" +"From the declarations made in the bridge module, CXX will generate matching " +"Rust and C++ type/function definitions in order to expose those items to " +"both languages." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md +msgid "" +"To view the generated Rust code, use [cargo-expand](https://github.com/" +"dtolnay/cargo-expand) to view the expanded proc macro. For most of the " +"examples you would use `cargo expand ::ffi` to expand just the `ffi` module " +"(though this doesn't apply for Android projects)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md +msgid "To view the generated C++ code, look in `target/cxxbridge`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md +msgid "Rust Bridge Declarations" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md +msgid "// Opaque type\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md +msgid "// Method on `MyType`\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md #, fuzzy +msgid "// Free function\n" +msgstr "Funkcje" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md msgid "" -"See the [CXX tutorial](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) for an full example of " -"using this." +"Items declared in the `extern \"Rust\"` reference items that are in scope in " +"the parent module." msgstr "" -"Zobacz [samouczek CXX](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html), aby zapoznać się z " -"pełnym przykładem użycia tego." -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:14 +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md msgid "" -"At this point, the instructor should switch to the [CXX tutorial](https://" -"cxx.rs/tutorial.html)." +"The CXX code generator uses your `extern \"Rust\"` section(s) to produce a C+" +"+ header file containing the corresponding C++ declarations. The generated " +"header has the same path as the Rust source file containing the bridge, " +"except with a .rs.h file extension." msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:16 -msgid "Walk the students through the tutorial step by step." +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md +msgid "Results in (roughly) the following C++:" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:18 +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md +msgid "C++ Bridge Declarations" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md +msgid "Results in (roughly) the following Rust:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md +msgid "\"org$blobstore$cxxbridge1$new_blobstore_client\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md +msgid "\"org$blobstore$cxxbridge1$BlobstoreClient$put\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md msgid "" -"Highlight how CXX presents a clean interface without unsafe code in _both " -"languages_." +"The programmer does not need to promise that the signatures they have typed " +"in are accurate. CXX performs static assertions that the signatures exactly " +"correspond with what is declared in C++." msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:20 +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md msgid "" -"Show the correspondence between [Rust and C++ types](https://cxx.rs/bindings." -"html):" +"`unsafe extern` blocks allow you to declare C++ functions that are safe to " +"call from Rust." msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:22 +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md +msgid "// A=1, J=11, Q=12, K=13\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md +msgid "Only C-like (unit) enums are supported." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md msgid "" -"Explain how a Rust `String` cannot map to a C++ `std::string` (the latter " -"does not uphold the UTF-8 invariant). Show that despite being different " -"types, `rust::String` in C++ can be easily constructed from a C++ `std::" -"string`, making it very ergonomic to use." +"A limited number of traits are supported for `#[derive()]` on shared types. " +"Corresponding functionality is also generated for the C++ code, e.g. if you " +"derive `Hash` also generates an implementation of `std::hash` for the " +"corresponding C++ type." msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:28 +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Generated Rust:" +msgstr "Niebezpieczny Rust" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md +msgid "Generated C++:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md msgid "" -"Explain that a Rust function returning `Result` becomes a function " -"which throws a `E` exception in C++ (and vice versa)." +"On the Rust side, the code generated for shared enums is actually a struct " +"wrapping a numeric value. This is because it is not UB in C++ for an enum " +"class to hold a value different from all of the listed variants, and our " +"Rust representation needs to have the same behavior." msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:1 +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md +msgid "\"fallible1 requires depth > 0\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md +msgid "\"Success!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md +msgid "" +"Rust functions that return `Result` are translated to exceptions on the C++ " +"side." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md +msgid "" +"The exception thrown will always be of type `rust::Error`, which primarily " +"exposes a way to get the error message string. The error message will come " +"from the error type's `Display` impl." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md +msgid "" +"A panic unwinding from Rust to C++ will always cause the process to " +"immediately terminate." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md +msgid "\"example/include/example.h\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md +msgid "\"Error: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md +msgid "" +"C++ functions declared to return a `Result` will catch any thrown exception " +"on the C++ side and return it as an `Err` value to the calling Rust function." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md +msgid "" +"If an exception is thrown from an extern \"C++\" function that is not " +"declared by the CXX bridge to return `Result`, the program calls C++'s `std::" +"terminate`. The behavior is equivalent to the same exception being thrown " +"through a `noexcept` C++ function." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Rust Type" +msgstr "Rust by Example" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "C++ Type" +msgstr "Przykład C++" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`rust::String`" +msgstr "`rdza_powiązanie`" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +msgid "`&str`" +msgstr "`&str`" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`rust::Str`" +msgstr "`test_rdzy`" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`CxxString`" +msgstr "String" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +msgid "`std::string`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +msgid "`&[T]`/`&mut [T]`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`rust::Slice`" +msgstr "`rust_ffi`" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +msgid "`rust::Box`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +msgid "`UniquePtr`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +msgid "`std::unique_ptr`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`Vec`" +msgstr "`Vec`" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`rust::Vec`" +msgstr "`mpsc::Odbiornik`" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`CxxVector`" +msgstr "`Komórka`" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "`std::vector`" +msgstr "`mpsc::Odbiornik`" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +msgid "" +"These types can be used in the fields of shared structs and the arguments " +"and returns of extern functions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +msgid "" +"Note that Rust's `String` does not map directly to `std::string`. There are " +"a few reasons for this:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +msgid "" +"`std::string` does not uphold the UTF-8 invariant that `String` requires." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +msgid "" +"The two types have different layouts in memory and so can't be passed " +"directly between languages." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md +msgid "" +"`std::string` requires move constructors that don't match Rust's move " +"semantics, so a `std::string` can't be passed by value to Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Building in Android" +msgstr "Binaria Rusta" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md +msgid "" +"Create a `cc_library_static` to build the C++ library, including the CXX " +"generated header and source file." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md +msgid "\"libcxx_test_cpp\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md +msgid "\"cxx_test.cpp\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md +msgid "\"cxx-bridge-header\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md +msgid "\"libcxx_test_bridge_header\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md +msgid "\"libcxx_test_bridge_code\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md +msgid "" +"Point out that `libcxx_test_bridge_header` and `libcxx_test_bridge_code` are " +"the dependencies for the CXX-generated C++ bindings. We'll show how these " +"are setup on the next slide." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md +msgid "" +"Note that you also need to depend on the `cxx-bridge-header` library in " +"order to pull in common CXX definitions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md +msgid "" +"Full docs for using CXX in Android can be found in [the Android docs]" +"(https://source.android.com/docs/setup/build/rust/building-rust-modules/" +"android-rust-patterns#rust-cpp-interop-using-cxx). You may want to share " +"that link with the class so that students know where they can find these " +"instructions again in the future." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md +msgid "" +"Create two genrules: One to generate the CXX header, and one to generate the " +"CXX source file. These are then used as inputs to the `cc_library_static`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md +msgid "" +"// Generate a C++ header containing the C++ bindings\n" +"// to the Rust exported functions in lib.rs.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md +msgid "\"cxxbridge\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md +msgid "\"$(location cxxbridge) $(in) --header > $(out)\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md +msgid "\"lib.rs\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md +msgid "\"lib.rs.h\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md +msgid "// Generate the C++ code that Rust calls into.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md +msgid "\"$(location cxxbridge) $(in) > $(out)\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md +msgid "\"lib.rs.cc\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md +msgid "" +"The `cxxbridge` tool is a standalone tool that generates the C++ side of the " +"bridge module. It is included in Android and available as a Soong tool." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md +msgid "" +"By convention, if your Rust source file is `lib.rs` your header file will be " +"named `lib.rs.h` and your source file will be named `lib.rs.cc`. This naming " +"convention isn't enforced, though." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md +msgid "" +"Create a `rust_binary` that depends on `libcxx` and your `cc_library_static`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md +msgid "\"cxx_test\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md +msgid "\"libcxx\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md #, fuzzy msgid "Interoperability with Java" msgstr "Współpraca z Javą" -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:3 +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface (JNI)](https://en." @@ -14823,113 +13608,79 @@ msgstr "" "[`jni` crate](https://docs.rs/jni/) umożliwia utworzenie kompatybilnej " "biblioteki." -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:7 +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md #, fuzzy msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:" msgstr "Najpierw tworzymy funkcję Rust do eksportu do Javy:" -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:9 +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md #, fuzzy msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:" msgstr "_interoperacyjność/java/src/lib.rs_:" -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:11 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n" -"\n" -"use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n" -"use jni::sys::jstring;\n" -"use jni::JNIEnv;\n" -"\n" -"/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n" -" env: JNIEnv,\n" -" _class: JClass,\n" -" name: JString,\n" -") -> jstring {\n" -" let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n" -" let greeting = format!(\"Hello, {input}!\");\n" -" let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n" -" output.into_inner()\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md +msgid "//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:32 -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:62 +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md +msgid "/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md +msgid "\"system\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md +msgid "\"Hello, {input}!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md #, fuzzy msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:" msgstr "_interoperacyjność/java/Android.bp_:" -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:34 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_ffi_shared {\n" -" name: \"libhello_jni\",\n" -" crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md +msgid "\"libhello_jni\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:43 +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md +msgid "\"hello_jni\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md +msgid "\"libjni\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Finally, we can call this function from Java:" +msgid "We then call this function from Java:" msgstr "Na koniec możemy wywołać tę funkcję z Javy:" -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:45 +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md #, fuzzy msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:" msgstr "_interoperacyjność/java/HelloWorld.java_:" -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:47 -msgid "" -"```java\n" -"class HelloWorld {\n" -" private static native String hello(String name);\n" -"\n" -" static {\n" -" System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" public static void main(String[] args) {\n" -" String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n" -" System.out.println(output);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md +msgid "\"helloworld_jni\"" msgstr "" -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:64 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"java_binary {\n" -" name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n" -" srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n" -" main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n" -" required: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"HelloWorld.java\"" +msgstr "Witaj świecie!" -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:73 +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"HelloWorld\"" +msgstr "Witaj świecie!" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md #, fuzzy msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:" msgstr "Na koniec możesz zbudować, zsynchronizować i uruchomić plik binarny:" -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:75 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"m helloworld_jni\n" -"adb sync # requires adb root && adb remount\n" -"adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:3 +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "This is a group exercise: We will look at one of the projects you work with " @@ -14938,17 +13689,17 @@ msgstr "" "W ostatnim ćwiczeniu przyjrzymy się jednemu z projektów, nad którymi " "pracujesz. Pozwól nam zbierzcie się i zróbcie to razem. Jakieś sugestie:" -#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:6 +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md #, fuzzy msgid "Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust." msgstr "Zadzwoń do swojego serwisu AIDL z klientem napisanym w Rust." -#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:8 +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md #, fuzzy msgid "Move a function from your project to Rust and call it." msgstr "Przenieś funkcję z projektu do Rusta i wywołaj ją." -#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:12 +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone " @@ -14958,12 +13709,2080 @@ msgstr "" "kimś w klasa posiadająca fragment kodu, który można przekazać Rustowi w " "locie." -#: src/bare-metal.md:1 +#: src/chromium.md +msgid "Welcome to Rust in Chromium" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium.md +msgid "" +"Rust is supported for third-party libraries in Chromium, with first-party " +"glue code to connect between Rust and existing Chromium C++ code." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium.md +msgid "" +"Today, we'll call into Rust to do something silly with strings. If you've " +"got a corner of the code where you're displaying a UTF8 string to the user, " +"feel free to follow this recipe in your part of the codebase instead of the " +"exact part we talk about." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/setup.md +msgid "" +"Make sure you can build and run Chromium. Any platform and set of build " +"flags is OK, so long as your code is relatively recent (commit position " +"1223636 onwards, corresponding to November 2023):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/setup.md +msgid "" +"(A component, debug build is recommended for quickest iteration time. This " +"is the default!)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/setup.md +msgid "" +"See [How to build Chromium](https://www.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/get-" +"the-code/) if you aren't already at that point. Be warned: setting up to " +"build Chromium takes time." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/setup.md +msgid "It's also recommended that you have Visual Studio code installed." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/setup.md +msgid "About the exercises" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/setup.md +msgid "" +"This part of the course has a series of exercises which build on each other. " +"We'll be doing them spread throughout the course instead of just at the end. " +"If you don't have time to complete a certain part, don't worry: you can " +"catch up in the next slot." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Rust community typically uses `cargo` and libraries from [crates.io](https://" +"crates.io/). Chromium is built using `gn` and `ninja` and a curated set of " +"dependencies." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "When writing code in Rust, your choices are:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Use `gn` and `ninja` with the help of the templates from `//build/rust/*." +"gni` (e.g. `rust_static_library` that we'll meet later). This uses " +"Chromium's audited toolchain and crates." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Use `cargo`, but [restrict yourself to Chromium's audited toolchain and " +"crates](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/" +"docs/rust.md#Using-cargo)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Use `cargo`, trusting a [toolchain](https://rustup.rs/) and/or [crates " +"downloaded from the internet](https://crates.io/)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"From here on we'll be focusing on `gn` and `ninja`, because this is how Rust " +"code can be built into the Chromium browser. At the same time, Cargo is an " +"important part of the Rust ecosystem and you should keep it in your toolbox." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Mini exercise" +msgstr "Ćwiczenia" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "Split into small groups and:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Brainstorm scenarios where `cargo` may offer an advantage and assess the " +"risk profile of these scenarios." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Discuss which tools, libraries, and groups of people need to be trusted when " +"using `gn` and `ninja`, offline `cargo`, etc." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Ask students to avoid peeking at the speaker notes before completing the " +"exercise. Assuming folks taking the course are physically together, ask them " +"to discuss in small groups of 3-4 people." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Notes/hints related to the first part of the exercise (\"scenarios where " +"Cargo may offer an advantage\"):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"It's fantastic that when writing a tool, or prototyping a part of Chromium, " +"one has access to the rich ecosystem of crates.io libraries. There is a " +"crate for almost anything and they are usually quite pleasant to use. " +"(`clap` for command-line parsing, `serde` for serializing/deserializing to/" +"from various formats, `itertools` for working with iterators, etc.)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"`cargo` makes it easy to try a library (just add a single line to `Cargo." +"toml` and start writing code)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"It may be worth comparing how CPAN helped make `perl` a popular choice. Or " +"comparing with `python` + `pip`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Development experience is made really nice not only by core Rust tools (e.g. " +"using `rustup` to switch to a different `rustc` version when testing a crate " +"that needs to work on nightly, current stable, and older stable) but also by " +"an ecosystem of third-party tools (e.g. Mozilla provides `cargo vet` for " +"streamlining and sharing security audits; `criterion` crate gives a " +"streamlined way to run benchmarks)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"`cargo` makes it easy to add a tool via `cargo install --locked cargo-vet`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "It may be worth comparing with Chrome Extensions or VScode extensions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Broad, generic examples of projects where `cargo` may be the right choice:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Perhaps surprisingly, Rust is becoming increasingly popular in the industry " +"for writing command line tools. The breadth and ergonomics of libraries is " +"comparable to Python, while being more robust (thanks to the rich " +"typesystem) and running faster (as a compiled, rather than interpreted " +"language)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Participating in the Rust ecosystem requires using standard Rust tools like " +"Cargo. Libraries that want to get external contributions, and want to be " +"used outside of Chromium (e.g. in Bazel or Android/Soong build environments) " +"should probably use Cargo." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "Examples of Chromium-related projects that are `cargo`\\-based:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"`serde_json_lenient` (experimented with in other parts of Google which " +"resulted in PRs with performance improvements)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "Fontations libraries like `font-types`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"`gnrt` tool (we will meet it later in the course) which depends on `clap` " +"for command-line parsing and on `toml` for configuration files." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Disclaimer: a unique reason for using `cargo` was unavailability of `gn` " +"when building and bootstrapping Rust standard library when building Rust " +"toolchain.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"`run_gnrt.py` uses Chromium's copy of `cargo` and `rustc`. `gnrt` depends on " +"third-party libraries downloaded from the internet, by `run_gnrt.py` asks " +"`cargo` that only `--locked` content is allowed via `Cargo.lock`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Students may identify the following items as being implicitly or explicitly " +"trusted:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"`rustc` (the Rust compiler) which in turn depends on the LLVM libraries, the " +"Clang compiler, the `rustc` sources (fetched from GitHub, reviewed by Rust " +"compiler team), binary Rust compiler downloaded for bootstrapping" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"`rustup` (it may be worth pointing out that `rustup` is developed under the " +"umbrella of the https://github.com/rust-lang/ organization - same as `rustc`)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "`cargo`, `rustfmt`, etc." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Various internal infrastructure (bots that build `rustc`, system for " +"distributing the prebuilt toolchain to Chromium engineers, etc.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "Cargo tools like `cargo audit`, `cargo vet`, etc." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "" +"Rust libraries vendored into `//third_party/rust` (audited by " +"security@chromium.org)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/cargo.md +msgid "Other Rust libraries (some niche, some quite popular and commonly used)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/policy.md +msgid "Chromium Rust policy" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/policy.md +msgid "" +"Chromium does not yet allow first-party Rust except in rare cases as " +"approved by Chromium's [Area Tech Leads](https://source.chromium.org/" +"chromium/chromium/src/+/main:ATL_OWNERS)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/policy.md +msgid "" +"Chromium's policy on third party libraries is outlined [here](https://" +"chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/adding_to_third_party." +"md#rust) - Rust is allowed for third party libraries under various " +"circumstances, including if they're the best option for performance or for " +"security." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/policy.md +msgid "" +"Very few Rust libraries directly expose a C/C++ API, so that means that " +"nearly all such libraries will require a small amount of first-party glue " +"code." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/policy.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +"\"C++\" Rust\n" +".- - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"-.\n" +": : : :\n" +": Existing Chromium : : Chromium Rust Existing " +"Rust :\n" +": \"C++\" : : \"wrapper\" " +"crate :\n" +": +---------------+ : : +----------------+ +-------------" +"+ :\n" +": | | : : | | | " +"| :\n" +": | o-----+-+-----------+-+-> o-+----------+--> " +"| :\n" +": | | : Language : | | Crate | " +"| :\n" +": +---------------+ : boundary : +----------------+ API +-------------" +"+ :\n" +": : : :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - -' `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"-'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```bob\n" +" Stos Sterta\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n" +": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" + +#: src/chromium/policy.md +msgid "" +"First-party Rust glue code for a particular third-party crate should " +"normally be kept in `third_party/rust///wrapper`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/policy.md +msgid "Because of this, today's course will be heavily focused on:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/policy.md +msgid "Bringing in third-party Rust libraries (\"crates\")" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/policy.md +msgid "Writing glue code to be able to use those crates from Chromium C++." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/policy.md +msgid "If this policy changes over time, the course will evolve to keep up." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Build rules" +msgstr "Reguły budowania" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"Rust code is usually built using `cargo`. Chromium builds with `gn` and " +"`ninja` for efficiency --- its static rules allow maximum parallelism. Rust " +"is no exception." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "Adding Rust code to Chromium" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"In some existing Chromium `BUILD.gn` file, declare a `rust_static_library`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"```gn\n" +"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n" +"\n" +"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n" +" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n" +" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"You can also add `deps` on other Rust targets. Later we'll use this to " +"depend upon third party code." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"You must specify _both_ the crate root, _and_ a full list of sources. The " +"`crate_root` is the file given to the Rust compiler representing the root " +"file of the compilation unit --- typically `lib.rs`. `sources` is a complete " +"list of all source files which `ninja` needs in order to determine when " +"rebuilds are necessary." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"(There's no such thing as a Rust `source_set`, because in Rust, an entire " +"crate is a compilation unit. A `static_library` is the smallest unit.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"Students might be wondering why we need a gn template, rather than using " +"[gn's built-in support for Rust static libraries](https://gn.googlesource." +"com/gn/+/main/docs/reference.md#func_static_library). The answer is that " +"this template provides support for CXX interop, Rust features, and unit " +"tests, some of which we'll use later." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md +msgid "Including `unsafe` Rust Code" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md +msgid "" +"Unsafe Rust code is forbidden in `rust_static_library` by default --- it " +"won't compile. If you need unsafe Rust code, add `allow_unsafe = true` to " +"the gn target. (Later in the course we'll see circumstances where this is " +"necessary.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md +msgid "" +"```gn\n" +"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n" +"\n" +"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n" +" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n" +" sources = [\n" +" \"lib.rs\",\n" +" \"hippopotamus.rs\"\n" +" ]\n" +" allow_unsafe = true\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md +msgid "Simply add the above target to the `deps` of some Chromium C++ target." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md +msgid "" +"```gn\n" +"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n" +"\n" +"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n" +" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n" +" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"# or source_set, static_library etc.\n" +"component(\"preexisting_cpp\") {\n" +" deps = [ \":my_rust_lib\" ]\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md +msgid "" +"Types are elided in Rust code, which makes a good IDE even more useful than " +"for C++. Visual Studio code works well for Rust in Chromium. To use it," +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md +msgid "" +"Ensure your VSCode has the `rust-analyzer` extension, not earlier forms of " +"Rust support" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md +msgid "" +"`gn gen out/Debug --export-rust-project` (or equivalent for your output " +"directory)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md +msgid "`ln -s out/Debug/rust-project.json rust-project.json`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md +msgid "" +"A demo of some of the code annotation and exploration features of rust-" +"analyzer might be beneficial if the audience are naturally skeptical of IDEs." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md +msgid "" +"The following steps may help with the demo (but feel free to instead use a " +"piece of Chromium-related Rust that you are most familiar with):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md +msgid "Open `components/qr_code_generator/qr_code_generator_ffi_glue.rs`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md +msgid "" +"Place the cursor over the `QrCode::new` call (around line 26) in " +"\\`qr_code_generator_ffi_glue.rs" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md +msgid "" +"Demo **show documentation** (typical bindings: vscode = ctrl k i; vim/CoC = " +"K)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md +msgid "" +"Demo **go to definition** (typical bindings: vscode = F12; vim/CoC = g d). " +"(This will take you to `//third_party/rust/.../qr_code-.../src/lib.rs`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md +msgid "" +"Demo **outline** and navigate to the `QrCode::with_bits` method (around line " +"164; the outline is in the file explorer pane in vscode; typical vim/CoC " +"bindings = space o)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md +msgid "" +"Demo **type annotations** (there are quote a few nice examples in the " +"`QrCode::with_bits` method)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md +msgid "" +"It may be worth pointing out that `gn gen ... --export-rust-project` will " +"need to be rerun after editing `BUILD.gn` files (which we will do a few " +"times throughout the exercises in this session)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Build rules exercise" +msgstr "Reguły budowania" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"In your Chromium build, add a new Rust target to `//ui/base/BUILD.gn` " +"containing:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"**Important**: note that `no_mangle` here is considered a type of unsafety " +"by the Rust compiler, so you'll need to to allow unsafe code in your `gn` " +"target." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"Add this new Rust target as a dependency of `//ui/base:base`. Declare this " +"function at the top of `ui/base/resource/resource_bundle.cc` (later, we'll " +"see how this can be automated by bindings generation tools):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"Call this function from somewhere in `ui/base/resource/resource_bundle.cc` - " +"we suggest the top of `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString`. Build " +"and run Chromium, and ensure that \"Hello from Rust!\" is printed lots of " +"times." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"If you use VSCode, now set up Rust to work well in VSCode. It will be useful " +"in subsequent exercises. If you've succeeded, you will be able to use right-" +"click \"Go to definition\" on `println!`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "Where to find help" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"The options available to the [`rust_static_library` gn template](https://" +"source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/" +"rust_static_library.gni;l=16)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"Information about [`#[no_mangle]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/reference/" +"abi.html#the-no_mangle-attribute)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"Information about [`extern \"C\"`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword." +"extern.html)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"Information about gn's [`--export-rust-project`](https://gn.googlesource.com/" +"gn/+/main/docs/reference.md#compilation-database) switch" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"[How to install rust-analyzer in VSCode](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/" +"languages/rust)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"This example is unusual because it boils down to the lowest-common-" +"denominator interop language, C. Both C++ and Rust can natively declare and " +"call C ABI functions. Later in the course, we'll connect C++ directly to " +"Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"`allow_unsafe = true` is required here because `#[no_mangle]` might allow " +"Rust to generate two functions with the same name, and Rust can no longer " +"guarantee that the right one is called." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md +msgid "" +"If you need a pure Rust executable, you can also do that using the " +"`rust_executable` gn template." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing.md +msgid "" +"Rust community typically authors unit tests in a module placed in the same " +"source file as the code being tested. This was covered [earlier](../testing." +"md) in the course and looks like this:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing.md +msgid "" +"In Chromium we place unit tests in a separate source file and we continue to " +"follow this practice for Rust --- this makes tests consistently discoverable " +"and helps to avoid rebuilding `.rs` files a second time (in the `test` " +"configuration)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing.md +msgid "" +"This results in the following options for testing Rust code in Chromium:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing.md +msgid "" +"Native Rust tests (i.e. `#[test]`). Discouraged outside of `//third_party/" +"rust`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing.md +msgid "" +"`gtest` tests authored in C++ and exercising Rust via FFI calls. Sufficient " +"when Rust code is just a thin FFI layer and the existing unit tests provide " +"sufficient coverage for the feature." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing.md +msgid "" +"`gtest` tests authored in Rust and using the crate under test through its " +"public API (using `pub mod for_testing { ... }` if needed). This is the " +"subject of the next few slides." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing.md +msgid "" +"Mention that native Rust tests of third-party crates should eventually be " +"exercised by Chromium bots. (Such testing is needed rarely --- only after " +"adding or updating third-party crates.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing.md +msgid "" +"Some examples may help illustrate when C++ `gtest` vs Rust `gtest` should be " +"used:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing.md +msgid "" +"QR has very little functionality in the first-party Rust layer (it's just a " +"thin FFI glue) and therefore uses the existing C++ unit tests for testing " +"both the C++ and the Rust implementation (parameterizing the tests so they " +"enable or disable Rust using a `ScopedFeatureList`)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing.md +msgid "" +"Hypothetical/WIP PNG integration may need to implement memory-safe " +"implementation of pixel transformations that are provided by `libpng` but " +"missing in the `png` crate - e.g. RGBA => BGRA, or gamma correction. Such " +"functionality may benefit from separate tests authored in Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md +msgid "" +"The [`rust_gtest_interop`](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/" +"main/testing/rust_gtest_interop/README.md) library provides a way to:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md +msgid "" +"Use a Rust function as a `gtest` testcase (using the `#[gtest(...)]` " +"attribute)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md +msgid "" +"Use `expect_eq!` and similar macros (similar to `assert_eq!` but not " +"panicking and not terminating the test when the assertion fails)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "Przykład" + +#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md +msgid "" +"The simplest way to build Rust `gtest` tests is to add them to an existing " +"test binary that already contains tests authored in C++. For example:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md +msgid "" +"```gn\n" +"test(\"ui_base_unittests\") {\n" +" ...\n" +" sources += [ \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\" ]\n" +" deps += [ \":my_rust_lib\" ]\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md +msgid "" +"Authoring Rust tests in a separate `static_library` also works, but requires " +"manually declaring the dependency on the support libraries:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md +msgid "" +"```gn\n" +"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib_unittests\") {\n" +" testonly = true\n" +" is_gtest_unittests = true\n" +" crate_root = \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\"\n" +" sources = [ \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\" ]\n" +" deps = [\n" +" \":my_rust_lib\",\n" +" \"//testing/rust_gtest_interop\",\n" +" ]\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"test(\"ui_base_unittests\") {\n" +" ...\n" +" deps += [ \":my_rust_lib_unittests\" ]\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md +msgid "" +"After adding `:my_rust_lib` to GN `deps`, we still need to learn how to " +"import and use `my_rust_lib` from `my_rust_lib_unittest.rs`. We haven't " +"provided an explicit `crate_name` for `my_rust_lib` so its crate name is " +"computed based on the full target path and name. Fortunately we can avoid " +"working with such an unwieldy name by using the `chromium::import!` macro " +"from the automatically-imported `chromium` crate:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md +msgid "\"//ui/base:my_rust_lib\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md +msgid "Under the covers the macro expands to something similar to:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md +msgid "" +"More information can be found in [the doc comment](https://source.chromium." +"org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/chromium_prelude/" +"chromium_prelude.rs?q=f:chromium_prelude.rs%20pub.use.*%5Cbimport%5Cb;%20-f:" +"third_party&ss=chromium%2Fchromium%2Fsrc) of the `chromium::import` macro." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md +msgid "" +"`rust_static_library` supports specifying an explicit name via `crate_name` " +"property, but doing this is discouraged. And it is discouraged because the " +"crate name has to be globally unique. crates.io guarantees uniqueness of its " +"crate names so `cargo_crate` GN targets (generated by the `gnrt` tool " +"covered in a later section) use short crate names." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Testing exercise" +msgstr "Rust on Exercism" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md +msgid "Time for another exercise!" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md +msgid "In your Chromium build:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md +msgid "" +"Add a testable function next to `hello_from_rust`. Some suggestions: adding " +"two integers received as arguments, computing the nth Fibonacci number, " +"summing integers in a slice, etc." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md +msgid "Add a separate `..._unittest.rs` file with a test for the new function." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md +msgid "Add the new tests to `BUILD.gn`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md +msgid "Build the tests, run them, and verify that the new test works." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"The Rust community offers multiple options for C++/Rust interop, with new " +"tools being developed all the time. At the moment, Chromium uses a tool " +"called CXX." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"You describe your whole language boundary in an interface definition " +"language (which looks a lot like Rust) and then CXX tools generate " +"declarations for functions and types in both Rust and C++." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"See the [CXX tutorial](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) for a full example of " +"using this." +msgstr "" +"Zobacz [samouczek CXX](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html), aby zapoznać się z " +"pełnym przykładem użycia tego." + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"Talk through the diagram. Explain that behind the scenes, this is doing just " +"the same as you previously did. Point out that automating the process has " +"the following benefits:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"The tool guarantees that the C++ and Rust sides match (e.g. you get compile " +"errors if the `#[cxx::bridge]` doesn't match the actual C++ or Rust " +"definitions, but with out-of-sync manual bindings you'd get Undefined " +"Behavior)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"The tool automates generation of FFI thunks (small, C-ABI-compatible, free " +"functions) for non-C features (e.g. enabling FFI calls into Rust or C++ " +"methods; manual bindings would require authoring such top-level, free " +"functions manually)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "The tool and the library can handle a set of core types - for example:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"`&[T]` can be passed across the FFI boundary, even though it doesn't " +"guarantee any particular ABI or memory layout. With manual bindings `std::" +"span` / `&[T]` have to be manually destructured and rebuilt out of a " +"pointer and length - this is error-prone given that each language represents " +"empty slices slightly differently)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"Smart pointers like `std::unique_ptr`, `std::shared_ptr`, and/or `Box` " +"are natively supported. With manual bindings, one would have to pass C-ABI-" +"compatible raw pointers, which would increase lifetime and memory-safety " +"risks." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"`rust::String` and `CxxString` types understand and maintain differences in " +"string representation across the languages (e.g. `rust::String::lossy` can " +"build a Rust string from non-UTF8 input and `rust::String::c_str` can NUL-" +"terminate a string)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md +msgid "" +"CXX requires that the whole C++/Rust boundary is declared in `cxx::bridge` " +"modules inside `.rs` source code." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md +msgid "\"example/include/blobstore.h\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md +msgid "// Definitions of Rust types and functions go here\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md +msgid "Point out:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md +msgid "" +"Although this looks like a regular Rust `mod`, the `#[cxx::bridge]` " +"procedural macro does complex things to it. The generated code is quite a " +"bit more sophisticated - though this does still result in a `mod` called " +"`ffi` in your code." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md +msgid "Native support for C++'s `std::unique_ptr` in Rust" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Native support for Rust slices in C++" +msgstr "Wbudowana obsługa testów." + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md +msgid "Calls from C++ to Rust, and Rust types (in the top part)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md +msgid "Calls from Rust to C++, and C++ types (in the bottom part)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md +msgid "" +"**Common misconception**: It _looks_ like a C++ header is being parsed by " +"Rust, but this is misleading. This header is never interpreted by Rust, but " +"simply `#include`d in the generated C++ code for the benefit of C++ " +"compilers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md +msgid "" +"By far the most useful page when using CXX is the [type reference](https://" +"cxx.rs/bindings.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md +msgid "CXX fundamentally suits cases where:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md +msgid "" +"Your Rust-C++ interface is sufficiently simple that you can declare all of " +"it." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md +msgid "" +"You're using only the types natively supported by CXX already, for example " +"`std::unique_ptr`, `std::string`, `&[u8]` etc." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md +msgid "" +"It has many limitations --- for example lack of support for Rust's `Option` " +"type." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md +msgid "" +"These limitations constrain us to using Rust in Chromium only for well " +"isolated \"leaf nodes\" rather than for arbitrary Rust-C++ interop. When " +"considering a use-case for Rust in Chromium, a good starting point is to " +"draft the CXX bindings for the language boundary to see if it appears simple " +"enough." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md +msgid "" +"You should also discuss some of the other sticky points with CXX, for " +"example:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md +msgid "" +"Its error handling is based around C++ exceptions (given on the next slide)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md +msgid "Function pointers are awkward to use." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md +msgid "" +"CXX's [support for `Result`](https://cxx.rs/binding/result.html) relies " +"on C++ exceptions, so we can't use that in Chromium. Alternatives:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md +msgid "The `T` part of `Result` can be:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md +msgid "" +"Returned via out parameters (e.g. via `&mut T`). This requires that `T` can " +"be passed across the FFI boundary - for example `T` has to be:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md +msgid "A primitive type (like `u32` or `usize`)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md +msgid "" +"A type natively supported by `cxx` (like `UniquePtr`) that has a suitable " +"default value to use in a failure case (_unlike_ `Box`)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md +msgid "" +"Retained on the Rust side, and exposed via reference. This may be needed " +"when `T` is a Rust type, which cannot be passed across the FFI boundary, and " +"cannot be stored in `UniquePtr`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md +msgid "The `E` part of `Result` can be:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md +msgid "" +"Returned as a boolean (e.g. `true` representing success, and `false` " +"representing failure)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md +msgid "" +"Preserving error details is in theory possible, but so far hasn't been " +"needed in practice." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "CXX Error Handling: QR Example" +msgstr "Obsługa błędów" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md +msgid "" +"The QR code generator is [an example](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/" +"chromium/src/+/main:components/qr_code_generator/qr_code_generator_ffi_glue." +"rs;l=13-18;drc=7bf1b75b910ca430501b9c6a74c1d18a0223ecca) where a boolean is " +"used to communicate success vs failure, and where the successful result can " +"be passed across the FFI boundary:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md +msgid "\"qr_code_generator\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md +msgid "" +"Students may be curious about the semantics of the `out_qr_size` output. " +"This is not the size of the vector, but the size of the QR code (and " +"admittedly it is a bit redundant - this is the square root of the size of " +"the vector)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md +msgid "" +"It may be worth pointing out the importance of initializing `out_qr_size` " +"before calling into the Rust function. Creation of a Rust reference that " +"points to uninitialized memory results in Undefined Behavior (unlike in C++, " +"when only the act of dereferencing such memory results in UB)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md +msgid "" +"If students ask about `Pin`, then explain why CXX needs it for mutable " +"references to C++ data: the answer is that C++ data can’t be moved around " +"like Rust data, because it may contain self-referential pointers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "CXX Error Handling: PNG Example" +msgstr "Obsługa błędów" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md +msgid "" +"A prototype of a PNG decoder illustrates what can be done when the " +"successful result cannot be passed across the FFI boundary:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md +msgid "\"gfx::rust_bindings\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md +msgid "" +"/// This returns an FFI-friendly equivalent of `Result,\n" +" /// ()>`.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md +msgid "/// C++ bindings for the `crate::png::ResultOfPngReader` type.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md +msgid "/// C++ bindings for the `crate::png::PngReader` type.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md +msgid "" +"`PngReader` and `ResultOfPngReader` are Rust types --- objects of these " +"types cannot cross the FFI boundary without indirection of a `Box`. We " +"can't have an `out_parameter: &mut PngReader`, because CXX doesn't allow C++ " +"to store Rust objects by value." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md +msgid "" +"This example illustrates that even though CXX doesn't support arbitrary " +"generics nor templates, we can still pass them across the FFI boundary by " +"manually specializing / monomorphizing them into a non-generic type. In the " +"example `ResultOfPngReader` is a non-generic type that forwards into " +"appropriate methods of `Result` (e.g. into `is_err`, `unwrap`, and/or " +"`as_mut`)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md +msgid "Using cxx in Chromium" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md +msgid "" +"In Chromium, we define an independent `#[cxx::bridge] mod` for each leaf-" +"node where we want to use Rust. You'd typically have one for each " +"`rust_static_library`. Just add" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md +msgid "" +"```gn\n" +"cxx_bindings = [ \"my_rust_file.rs\" ]\n" +" # list of files containing #[cxx::bridge], not all source files\n" +"allow_unsafe = true\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md +msgid "" +"to your existing `rust_static_library` target alongside `crate_root` and " +"`sources`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md +msgid "C++ headers will be generated at a sensible location, so you can just" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md +msgid "\"ui/base/my_rust_file.rs.h\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md +msgid "" +"You will find some utility functions in `//base` to convert to/from Chromium " +"C++ types to CXX Rust types --- for example [`SpanToRustSlice`](https://" +"source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:base/containers/span_rust.h;" +"l=21)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md +msgid "Students may ask --- why do we still need `allow_unsafe = true`?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md +msgid "" +"The broad answer is that no C/C++ code is \"safe\" by the normal Rust " +"standards. Calling back and forth to C/C++ from Rust may do arbitrary things " +"to memory, and compromise the safety of Rust's own data layouts. Presence of " +"_too many_ `unsafe` keywords in C/C++ interop can harm the signal-to-noise " +"ratio of such a keyword, and is [controversial](https://steveklabnik.com/" +"writing/the-cxx-debate), but strictly, bringing any foreign code into a Rust " +"binary can cause unexpected behavior from Rust's perspective." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md +msgid "" +"The narrow answer lies in the diagram at the top of [this page](../" +"interoperability-with-cpp.md) --- behind the scenes, CXX generates Rust " +"`unsafe` and `extern \"C\"` functions just like we did manually in the " +"previous section." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Exercise: Interoperability with C++" +msgstr "Interoperacyjność z C" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "Part one" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"In the Rust file you previously created, add a `#[cxx::bridge]` which " +"specifies a single function, to be called from C++, called " +"`hello_from_rust`, taking no parameters and returning no value." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"Modify your previous `hello_from_rust` function to remove `extern \"C\"` and " +"`#[no_mangle]`. This is now just a standard Rust function." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "Modify your `gn` target to build these bindings." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"In your C++ code, remove the forward-declaration of `hello_from_rust`. " +"Instead, include the generated header file." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "Build and run!" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "Part two" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"It's a good idea to play with CXX a little. It helps you think about how " +"flexible Rust in Chromium actually is." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Some things to try:" +msgstr "Niektóre uwagi:" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "Call back into C++ from Rust. You will need:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"An additional header file which you can `include!` from your `cxx::bridge`. " +"You'll need to declare your C++ function in that new header file." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"An `unsafe` block to call such a function, or alternatively specify the " +"`unsafe` keyword in your `#[cxx::bridge]` [as described here](https://cxx.rs/" +"extern-c++.html#functions-and-member-functions)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"You may also need to `#include \"third_party/rust/cxx/v1/crate/include/cxx." +"h\"`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "Pass a C++ string from C++ into Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "Pass a reference to a C++ object into Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"Intentionally get the Rust function signatures mismatched from the `#[cxx::" +"bridge]`, and get used to the errors you see." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"Intentionally get the C++ function signatures mismatched from the `#[cxx::" +"bridge]`, and get used to the errors you see." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"Pass a `std::unique_ptr` of some type from C++ into Rust, so that Rust can " +"own some C++ object." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"Create a Rust object and pass it into C++, so that C++ owns it. (Hint: you " +"need a `Box`)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "Declare some methods on a C++ type. Call them from Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "Declare some methods on a Rust type. Call them from C++." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "Part three" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"Now you understand the strengths and limitations of CXX interop, think of a " +"couple of use-cases for Rust in Chromium where the interface would be " +"sufficiently simple. Sketch how you might define that interface." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "The [`cxx` binding reference](https://cxx.rs/bindings.html)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"The [`rust_static_library` gn template](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/" +"chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/rust_static_library.gni;l=16)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "Some of the questions you may encounter:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"I'm seeing a problem initializing a variable of type X with type Y, where X " +"and Y are both function types. This is because your C++ function doesn't " +"quite match the declaration in your `cxx::bridge`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md +msgid "" +"I seem to be able to freely convert C++ references into Rust references. " +"Doesn't that risk UB? For CXX's _opaque_ types, no, because they are zero-" +"sized. For CXX trivial types yes, it's _possible_ to cause UB, although " +"CXX's design makes it quite difficult to craft such an example." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "" +"Rust libraries are called \"crates\" and are found at [crates.io](https://" +"crates.io). It's _very easy_ for Rust crates to depend upon one another. So " +"they do!" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "C++ library" +msgstr "Biblioteka" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Rust crate" +msgstr "Ekosystem Rust" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Build system" +msgstr "Ekosystem Rust" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "Lots" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "Consistent: `Cargo.toml`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "Typical library size" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "Large-ish" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "Small" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "Transitive dependencies" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "Few" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "For a Chromium engineer, this has pros and cons:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "" +"All crates use a common build system so we can automate their inclusion into " +"Chromium..." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "" +"... but, crates typically have transitive dependencies, so you will likely " +"have to bring in multiple libraries." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "We'll discuss:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "How to put a crate in the Chromium source code tree" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "How to make `gn` build rules for it" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md +msgid "How to audit its source code for sufficient safety." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md +msgid "Configuring the `Cargo.toml` file to add crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md +msgid "" +"Chromium has a single set of centrally-managed direct crate dependencies. " +"These are managed through a single [`Cargo.toml`](https://source.chromium." +"org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/Cargo." +"toml):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[dependencies]\n" +"bitflags = \"1\"\n" +"cfg-if = \"1\"\n" +"cxx = \"1\"\n" +"# lots more...\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md +msgid "" +"As with any other `Cargo.toml`, you can specify [more details about the " +"dependencies](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/specifying-" +"dependencies.html) --- most commonly, you'll want to specify the `features` " +"that you wish to enable in the crate." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md +msgid "" +"When adding a crate to Chromium, you'll often need to provide some extra " +"information in an additional file, `gnrt_config.toml`, which we'll meet next." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md +msgid "" +"Alongside `Cargo.toml` is [`gnrt_config.toml`](https://source.chromium.org/" +"chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/gnrt_config." +"toml). This contains Chromium-specific extensions to crate handling." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md +msgid "" +"If you add a new crate, you should specify at least the `group`. This is one " +"of:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md +msgid "For instance," +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md +msgid "" +"Depending on the crate source code layout, you may also need to use this " +"file to specify where its `LICENSE` file(s) can be found." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md +msgid "" +"Later, we'll see some other things you will need to configure in this file " +"to resolve problems." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md +msgid "" +"A tool called `gnrt` knows how to download crates and how to generate `BUILD." +"gn` rules." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md +msgid "To start, download the crate you want like this:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md +msgid "" +"Although the `gnrt` tool is part of the Chromium source code, by running " +"this command you will be downloading and running its dependencies from " +"`crates.io`. See [the earlier section](../cargo.md) discussing this security " +"decision." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md +msgid "This `vendor` command may download:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md +msgid "Your crate" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md +msgid "Direct and transitive dependencies" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md +msgid "" +"New versions of other crates, as required by `cargo` to resolve the complete " +"set of crates required by Chromium." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md +msgid "" +"Chromium maintains patches for some crates, kept in `//third_party/rust/" +"chromium_crates_io/patches`. These will be reapplied automatically, but if " +"patching fails you may need to take manual action." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md +msgid "" +"Once you've downloaded the crate, generate the `BUILD.gn` files like this:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md +msgid "Now run `git status`. You should find:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md +msgid "" +"At least one new crate source code in `third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/" +"vendor`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md +msgid "" +"At least one new `BUILD.gn` in `third_party/rust//v`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md +msgid "An appropriate `README.chromium`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The \"major semver version\" is a [Rust \"semver\" version number](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/semver.html)." +msgstr "" +"Zobacz [Odniesienie do Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout." +"html)." + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md +msgid "" +"Take a close look, especially at the things generated in `third_party/rust`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md +msgid "" +"Talk a little about semver --- and specifically the way that in Chromium " +"it's to allow multiple incompatible versions of a crate, which is " +"discouraged but sometimes necessary in the Cargo ecosystem." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "" +"If your build fails, it may be because of a `build.rs`: programs which do " +"arbitrary things at build time. This is fundamentally at odds with the " +"design of `gn` and `ninja` which aim for static, deterministic, build rules " +"to maximize parallelism and repeatability of builds." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "" +"Some `build.rs` actions are automatically supported; others require action:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "build script effect" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "Supported by our gn templates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "Work required by you" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "Checking rustc version to configure features on and off" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "None" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "Checking platform or CPU to configure features on and off" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Generating code" +msgstr "Generyki" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "Yes - specify in `gnrt_config.toml`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "Building C/C++" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "Patch around it" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "Arbitrary other actions" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md +msgid "" +"Fortunately, most crates don't contain a build script, and fortunately, most " +"build scripts only do the top two actions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md +msgid "" +"If `ninja` complains about missing files, check the `build.rs` to see if it " +"writes source code files." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md +msgid "" +"If so, modify [`gnrt_config.toml`](../configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md) to " +"add `build-script-outputs` to the crate. If this is a transitive dependency, " +"that is, one on which Chromium code should not directly depend, also add " +"`allow-first-party-usage=false`. There are several examples already in that " +"file:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[crate.unicode-linebreak]\n" +"allow-first-party-usage = false\n" +"build-script-outputs = [\"tables.rs\"]\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md +msgid "" +"Now rerun [`gnrt.py -- gen`](../generating-gn-build-rules.md) to regenerate " +"`BUILD.gn` files to inform ninja that this particular output file is input " +"to subsequent build steps." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md +msgid "" +"Some crates use the [`cc`](https://crates.io/crates/cc) crate to build and " +"link C/C++ libraries. Other crates parse C/C++ using [`bindgen`](https://" +"crates.io/crates/bindgen) within their build scripts. These actions can't be " +"supported in a Chromium context --- our gn, ninja and LLVM build system is " +"very specific in expressing relationships between build actions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md +msgid "So, your options are:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md +msgid "Avoid these crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md +msgid "Apply a patch to the crate." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md +msgid "" +"Patches should be kept in `third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/patches/" +"` - see for example the [patches against the `cxx` crate](https://" +"source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/" +"chromium_crates_io/patches/cxx/) - and will be applied automatically by " +"`gnrt` each time it upgrades the crate." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md +msgid "" +"Once you've added a third-party crate and generated build rules, depending " +"on a crate is simple. Find your `rust_static_library` target, and add a " +"`dep` on the `:lib` target within your crate." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md +msgid "Specifically," +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" +------------+ +----------------------+\n" +"\"//third_party/rust\" | crate name | \"/v\" | major semver version | \":" +"lib\"\n" +" +------------+ +----------------------+\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md +msgid "" +"```gn\n" +"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n" +" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n" +" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n" +" deps = [ \"//third_party/rust/example_rust_crate/v1:lib\" ]\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md +msgid "Auditing Third Party Crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md +msgid "" +"Adding new libraries is subject to Chromium's standard [policies](https://" +"chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/docs/rust." +"md#Third_party-review), but of course also subject to security review. As " +"you may be bringing in not just a single crate but also transitive " +"dependencies, there may be a lot of code to review. On the other hand, safe " +"Rust code can have limited negative side effects. How should you review it?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md +msgid "" +"Over time Chromium aims to move to a process based around [cargo vet]" +"(https://mozilla.github.io/cargo-vet/)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md +msgid "" +"Meanwhile, for each new crate addition, we are checking for the following:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md +msgid "" +"Understand why each crate is used. What's the relationship between crates? " +"If the build system for each crate contains a `build.rs` or procedural " +"macros, work out what they're for. Are they compatible with the way Chromium " +"is normally built?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md +msgid "Check each crate seems to be reasonably well maintained" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md +msgid "" +"Use `cd third-party/rust/chromium_crates_io; cargo audit` to check for known " +"vulnerabilities (first you'll need to `cargo install cargo-audit`, which " +"ironically involves downloading lots of dependencies from the internet[2](../" +"cargo.md))" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md +msgid "" +"Ensure any `unsafe` code is good enough for the [Rule of Two](https://" +"chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/security/rule-of-2." +"md#unsafe-code-in-safe-languages)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md +msgid "Check for any use of `fs` or `net` APIs" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md +msgid "" +"Read all the code at a sufficient level to look for anything out of place " +"that might have been maliciously inserted. (You can't realistically aim for " +"100% perfection here: there's often just too much code.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md +msgid "" +"These are just guidelines --- work with reviewers from `security@chromium." +"org` to work out the right way to become confident of the crate." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md +msgid "Checking Crates into Chromium Source Code" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md +msgid "`git status` should reveal:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md +msgid "Crate code in `//third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md +msgid "" +"Metadata (`BUILD.gn` and `README.chromium`) in `//third_party/rust//" +"`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md +msgid "Please also add an `OWNERS` file in the latter location." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md +msgid "" +"You should land all this, along with your `Cargo.toml` and `gnrt_config." +"toml` changes, into the Chromium repo." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md +msgid "" +"**Important**: you need to use `git add -f` because otherwise `.gitignore` " +"files may result in some files being skipped." +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md +msgid "" +"As you do so, you might find presubmit checks fail because of non-inclusive " +"language. This is because Rust crate data tends to include names of git " +"branches, and many projects still use non-inclusive terminology there. So " +"you may need to run:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/keeping-up-to-date.md +msgid "" +"As the OWNER of any third party Chromium dependency, you are [expected to " +"keep it up to date with any security fixes](https://chromium.googlesource." +"com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/adding_to_third_party.md#add-owners). It is " +"hoped that we will soon automate this for Rust crates, but for now, it's " +"still your responsibility just as it is for any other third party dependency." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +msgid "" +"Add [uwuify](https://crates.io/crates/uwuify) to Chromium, turning off the " +"crate's [default features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/" +"features.html#the-default-feature). Assume that the crate will be used in " +"shipping Chromium, but won't be used to handle untrustworthy input." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +msgid "" +"(In the next exercise we'll use uwuify from Chromium, but feel free to skip " +"ahead and do that now if you like. Or, you could create a new " +"[`rust_executable` target](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/" +"+/main:build/rust/rust_executable.gni) which uses `uwuify`)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +msgid "Students will need to download lots of transitive dependencies." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +msgid "The total crates needed are:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +msgid "`instant`," +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +msgid "`lock_api`," +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +msgid "`parking_lot`," +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +msgid "`parking_lot_core`," +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +msgid "`redox_syscall`," +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +msgid "`scopeguard`," +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +msgid "`smallvec`, and" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +msgid "`uwuify`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +msgid "" +"If students are downloading even more than that, they probably forgot to " +"turn off the default features." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md +msgid "" +"Thanks to [Daniel Liu](https://github.com/Daniel-Liu-c0deb0t) for this crate!" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "Bringing It Together --- Exercise" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "" +"In this exercise, you're going to add a whole new Chromium feature, bringing " +"together everything you already learned." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "The Brief from Product Management" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "" +"A community of pixies has been discovered living in a remote rainforest. " +"It's important that we get Chromium for Pixies delivered to them as soon as " +"possible." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "" +"The requirement is to translate all Chromium's UI strings into Pixie " +"language." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "" +"There's not time to wait for proper translations, but fortunately pixie " +"language is very close to English, and it turns out there's a Rust crate " +"which does the translation." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "" +"In fact, you already [imported that crate in the previous exercise](https://" +"crates.io/crates/uwuify)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "" +"(Obviously, real translations of Chrome require incredible care and " +"diligence. Don't ship this!)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "Steps" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "" +"Modify `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString` so that it uwuifies all " +"strings before display. In this special build of Chromium, it should always " +"do this irrespective of the setting of `mangle_localized_strings_`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "" +"If you've done everything right across all these exercises, congratulations, " +"you should have created Chrome for pixies!" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "" +"UTF16 vs UTF8. Students should be aware that Rust strings are always UTF8, " +"and will probably decide that it's better to do the conversion on the C++ " +"side using `base::UTF16ToUTF8` and back again." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "" +"If students decide to do the conversion on the Rust side, they'll need to " +"consider [`String::from_utf16`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct." +"String.html#method.from_utf16), consider error handling, and consider which " +"[CXX supported types can transfer a lot of u16s](https://cxx.rs/binding/" +"slice.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "" +"Students may design the C++/Rust boundary in several different ways, e.g. " +"taking and returning strings by value, or taking a mutable reference to a " +"string. If a mutable reference is used, CXX will likely tell the student " +"that they need to use [`Pin`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/pin/). You may " +"need to explain what `Pin` does, and then explain why CXX needs it for " +"mutable references to C++ data: the answer is that C++ data can't be moved " +"around like Rust data, because it may contain self-referential pointers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "" +"The C++ target containing `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString` will " +"need to depend on a `rust_static_library` target. The student probably " +"already did this." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md +msgid "" +"The `rust_static_library` target will need to depend on `//third_party/rust/" +"uwuify/v0_2:lib`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/chromium/solutions.md +msgid "" +"Solutions to the Chromium exercises can be found in [this series of CLs]" +"(https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/5096560)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md #, fuzzy msgid "Welcome to Bare Metal Rust" msgstr "Witamy w Comprehensive Rust 🦀" -#: src/bare-metal.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal.md msgid "" "This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people " "who are familiar with the basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the " @@ -14971,30 +15790,30 @@ msgid "" "metal programming in some other language such as C." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal.md:7 +#: src/bare-metal.md msgid "" "Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS " "underneath us. This will be divided into several parts:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal.md:10 +#: src/bare-metal.md #, fuzzy msgid "What is `no_std` Rust?" msgstr "Co to jest Rust?" -#: src/bare-metal.md:11 +#: src/bare-metal.md msgid "Writing firmware for microcontrollers." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal.md:12 +#: src/bare-metal.md msgid "Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal.md:13 +#: src/bare-metal.md msgid "Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal.md:15 +#: src/bare-metal.md msgid "" "For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit]" "(https://microbit.org/) v2 as an example. It's a [development board](https://" @@ -15003,508 +15822,320 @@ msgid "" "an on-board SWD debugger." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal.md:20 +#: src/bare-metal.md msgid "" "To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal.md:22 -msgid "" -"```bash\n" -"sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gdb-multiarch libudev-dev picocom pkg-" -"config qemu-system-arm\n" -"rustup update\n" -"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n" -"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n" -"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:30 +#: src/bare-metal.md msgid "" "And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal.md:32 -msgid "" -"```bash\n" -"echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"usb\", ATTR{idVendor}==\"0d28\", MODE=\"0664\", " -"GROUP=\"plugdev\"' |\\\n" -" sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/50-microbit.rules\n" -"sudo udevadm control --reload-rules\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:38 +#: src/bare-metal.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md msgid "On MacOS:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal.md:40 -msgid "" -"```bash\n" -"xcode-select --install\n" -"brew install gdb picocom qemu\n" -"brew install --cask gcc-aarch64-embedded\n" -"rustup update\n" -"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n" -"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n" -"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:1 -msgid "`no_std`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:7 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`core`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:12 src/bare-metal/alloc.md:1 -msgid "`alloc`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:17 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`std`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:24 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "Slices, `&str`, `CStr`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:25 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`NonZeroU8`..." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:26 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md #, fuzzy msgid "`Option`, `Result`" msgstr "`Option` i `Result`" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:27 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:29 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`panic!`, `assert_eq!`..." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:30 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:31 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Future` and `async`/`await`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:32 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:33 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Duration`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:38 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:39 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:40 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`String`, `CString`, `format!`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:45 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Error`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:47 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:48 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`File` and the rest of `fs`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:49 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:50 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Path`, `OsString`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:51 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`net`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:52 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:53 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:54 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`SystemTime`, `Instant`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:62 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`HashMap` depends on RNG." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:63 +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md msgid "A minimal `no_std` program" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:3 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" -"\n" -"#[panic_handler]\n" -"fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:17 +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md msgid "This will compile to an empty binary." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:18 +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md msgid "`std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:19 +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md msgid "It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:20 +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md msgid "" "Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` to " "avoid an error about `eh_personality`." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:22 +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md msgid "" "Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to " "define your own entry point. This will typically involve a linker script and " "some assembly code to set things up ready for Rust code to run." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "" "To use `alloc` you must implement a [global (heap) allocator](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:6 +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate alloc;\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"use alloc::string::ToString;\n" -"use alloc::vec::Vec;\n" -"use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n" -"\n" -"#[global_allocator]\n" -"static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n" -"\n" -"static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n" -"\n" -"pub fn entry() {\n" -" // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called " -"once.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n" -" HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n" -" .lock()\n" -" .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n" -" let mut v = Vec::new();\n" -" v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"// Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called once.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:39 +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md +msgid "// Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md +msgid "// Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"A string\"" +msgstr "Ciągi bajtów" + +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "" "`buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy " "system allocator. Other crates are available, or you can write your own or " "hook into your existing allocator." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:41 +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "" "The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i.e. " "in this case it can allocate regions of up to 2\\*\\*32 bytes." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:43 +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "" "If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have " "exactly one global allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in " "the top-level binary crate." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:45 +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "" "`extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the `panic_halt` " "crate is linked in so we get its panic handler." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:47 +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md msgid "" "The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for " "Cortex M microcontrollers." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"mod interrupts;\n" -"\n" -"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" -"\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:21 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md msgid "" "Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of " "abstraction." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:25 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md msgid "" "The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -" "> !`, because returning to the reset handler doesn't make sense." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:27 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md msgid "Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md msgid "" "Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try " "turning on an LED on our micro:bit:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"mod interrupts;\n" -"\n" -"use core::mem::size_of;\n" -"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" -"\n" -"/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n" -"const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;\n" -"\n" -"// GPIO peripheral offsets\n" -"const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;\n" -"const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;\n" -"const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;\n" -"\n" -"// PIN_CNF fields\n" -"const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;\n" -"const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;\n" -"const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;\n" -"const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;\n" -"const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;\n" -"\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" -" let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of::()) as *mut " -"u32;\n" -" let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of::()) as *mut " -"u32;\n" -" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, " -"and\n" -" // no aliases exist.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(\n" -" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | " -"SENSE_DISABLED,\n" -" );\n" -" pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(\n" -" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | " -"SENSE_DISABLED,\n" -" );\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" -" let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;\n" -" let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;\n" -" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, " -"and\n" -" // no aliases exist.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);\n" -" gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md +msgid "/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:64 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md +msgid "// GPIO peripheral offsets\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md +msgid "// PIN_CNF fields\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md +msgid "// Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md +msgid "" +"// Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, and\n" +" // no aliases exist.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md +msgid "// Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md msgid "" "GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin 28 " "to the first row." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:66 -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:59 -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:43 -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:34 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md msgid "Run the example with:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:68 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"cargo embed --bin mmio\n" -"```" -msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md msgid "Peripheral Access Crates" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md msgid "" "[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust " "wrappers for memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/" "pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html) files." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" -"use nrf52833_pac::Peripherals;\n" -"\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" -" let gpio0 = p.P0;\n" -"\n" -" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" -" gpio0.pin_cnf[21].write(|w| {\n" -" w.dir().output();\n" -" w.input().disconnect();\n" -" w.pull().disabled();\n" -" w.drive().s0s1();\n" -" w.sense().disabled();\n" -" w\n" -" });\n" -" gpio0.pin_cnf[28].write(|w| {\n" -" w.dir().output();\n" -" w.input().disconnect();\n" -" w.pull().disabled();\n" -" w.drive().s0s1();\n" -" w.sense().disabled();\n" -" w\n" -" });\n" -"\n" -" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" -" gpio0.outclr.write(|w| w.pin28().clear());\n" -" gpio0.outset.write(|w| w.pin21().set());\n" -"\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:49 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md msgid "" "SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by " "silicon vendors which describe the memory map of the device." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:51 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md msgid "" "They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, " "descriptions, addresses and so on." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:53 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md msgid "" "SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects " "which patch the mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated " "crates." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:55 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md msgid "`cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:56 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md msgid "" "If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run `cargo objdump --bin " "pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting binary." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:61 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"cargo embed --bin pac\n" -"```" -msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md msgid "HAL crates" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md msgid "" "[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-" "implementation-crates) for many microcontrollers provide wrappers around " @@ -15512,165 +16143,72 @@ msgid "" "(https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" -"use nrf52833_hal::gpio::{p0, Level};\n" -"use nrf52833_hal::pac::Peripherals;\n" -"use nrf52833_hal::prelude::*;\n" -"\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" // Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n" -" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n" -"\n" -" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" -" let mut col1 = gpio0.p0_28.into_push_pull_output(Level::High);\n" -" let mut row1 = gpio0.p0_21.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n" -"\n" -" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" -" col1.set_low().unwrap();\n" -" row1.set_high().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md +msgid "// Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:39 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md msgid "" "`set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` trait." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:40 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md msgid "" "HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various " "STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP, MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:45 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"cargo embed --bin hal\n" -"```" -msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md msgid "Board support crates" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md msgid "" "Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific " "board for convenience." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" -"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n" -"use microbit::Board;\n" -"\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" let mut board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" board.display_pins.col1.set_low().unwrap();\n" -" board.display_pins.row1.set_high().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:28 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md msgid "" "In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, " "and a bit of initialisation." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:30 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md msgid "" "The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of the " "microcontroller itself." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:32 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md msgid "`microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:36 -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"cargo embed --bin board_support\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "The type state pattern" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:3 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" -" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n" -"\n" -" let pin: P0_01 = gpio0.p0_01;\n" -"\n" -" // let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n" -" let pin_input: P0_01> = pin.into_floating_input();\n" -" if pin_input.is_high().unwrap() {\n" -" // ...\n" -" }\n" -" let mut pin_output: P0_01> = pin_input\n" -" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, " -"Level::Low);\n" -" pin_output.set_high().unwrap();\n" -" // pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n" -"\n" -" let _pin2: P0_02> = gpio0\n" -" .p0_02\n" -" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, " -"Level::Low);\n" -" let _pin3: P0_03> = gpio0.p0_03." -"into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n" -"\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md +msgid "// let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:32 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md +msgid "// pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "" "Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can " "exist. Once a pin is moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:34 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "" "Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you " "can’t keep use the old instance afterwards." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:36 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "" "The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, " "the configuration state of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into " @@ -15679,119 +16217,92 @@ msgid "" "caught at compile time." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:40 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "" "You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, but " "not vice-versa." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:41 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "Many HAL crates follow this pattern." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:1 -msgid "`embedded-hal`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "" "The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a " "number of traits covering common microcontroller peripherals." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:6 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "GPIO" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:7 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "ADC" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:8 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "I2C, SPI, UART, CAN" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:9 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "RNG" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:10 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "Timers" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:11 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "Watchdogs" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:13 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "" "Other crates then implement [drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/" "awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) in terms of these traits, e.g. an " "accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus implementation." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:19 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "" "There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other " "platforms such as Linux on Raspberry Pi." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:21 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "" "There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it " "isn't stable yet." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:1 -msgid "`probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, " "like OpenOCD but better integrated." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6 -msgid "SWD" +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md +msgid "" +"SWD (Serial Wire Debug) and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6 -msgid " and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes" +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md +msgid "GDB stub and Microsoft DAP (Debug Adapter Protocol) server" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7 -msgid "GDB stub and Microsoft " -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7 -msgid "DAP" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7 -#, fuzzy -msgid " server" -msgstr "serwery." - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:8 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "Cargo integration" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:10 -msgid "`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log " -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:11 -msgid "RTT" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:11 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" -" output and connect GDB. It's configured by an `Embed.toml` file in your " -"project directory." +"`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log RTT " +"(Real Time Transfers) output and connect GDB. It's configured by an `Embed." +"toml` file in your project directory." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:16 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is " "an Arm standard protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the " @@ -15799,200 +16310,175 @@ msgid "" "on-board debugger on the BBC micro:bit uses." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:19 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-Link " "is a range from SEGGER." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:21 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin " "Serial Wire Debug." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:22 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you " "want to." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:23 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-" "adapter-protocol/) lets VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any " "supported microcontroller." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:25 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:26 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the debug " "host and the target through a number of ringbuffers." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:3 -msgid "Embed.toml:" +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md +msgid "_Embed.toml_:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:5 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[default.general]\n" -"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n" -"\n" -"[debug.gdb]\n" -"enabled = true\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:13 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:15 -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"cargo embed --bin board_support debug\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:19 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md #, fuzzy msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:" msgstr "W innym terminalu sprawdź, czy usługa działa:" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:21 -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"gdb-multiarch target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/board_support --eval-" -"command=\"target remote :1337\"\n" -"```" +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md +msgid "On gLinux or Debian:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:27 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md msgid "In GDB, try running:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:29 -msgid "" -"```gdb\n" -"b src/bin/board_support.rs:29\n" -"b src/bin/board_support.rs:30\n" -"b src/bin/board_support.rs:32\n" -"c\n" -"c\n" -"c\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:1 -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md #, fuzzy msgid "Other projects" msgstr "Inne zasoby" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:4 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "\"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\"" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:5 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "" "Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer queue" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:6 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "[Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:7 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "`async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:8 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:9 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "" "Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection Unit " "support" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:10 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:11 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "" "Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, " "unprivileged drivers, IPC" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:12 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "[Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:13 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "" "Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g. [esp-idf](https://esp-rs." "github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:18 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:19 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "It doesn't include any HALs." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:20 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "" "It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for " "scheduling rather than a proper kernel." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:22 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "Cortex-M only." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:23 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "" "Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:24 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "" "FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing " "applications." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:3 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md msgid "" "We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a " "serial port." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:3 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-" +"morning.md) provided." +msgstr "" +"Po obejrzeniu ćwiczenia możesz spojrzeć na podane [rozwiązanie](solutions-" +"afternoon.md)." + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a " "serial port. If you have time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or " "use the buttons somehow." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:6 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "Hints:" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:8 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/" "latest/lsm303agr/) and [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/" @@ -16000,173 +16486,141 @@ msgid "" "org/hardware/)." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:11 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C bus." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:12 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:13 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::" "blocking::i2c::WriteRead` trait. The [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/" "microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) struct implements this." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:17 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/" "struct.Board.html) struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:19 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "You can also look at the [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi." "com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but it shouldn't be necessary for " "this exercise." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:23 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and " "look in the `compass` directory for the following files." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:26 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:19 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md #, fuzzy -msgid "`src/main.rs`:" +msgid "_src/main.rs_:" msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:30 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md +msgid "// Configure serial port.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md +msgid "// Use the system timer as a delay provider.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"use core::fmt::Write;\n" -"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" -"use microbit::{hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte}, Board};\n" -"\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" // Configure serial port.\n" -" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n" -" board.UARTE0,\n" -" board.uart.into(),\n" -" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n" -" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n" -" );\n" -"\n" -" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n" +"// Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n" " // TODO\n" -"\n" -" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" loop {\n" -" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md +msgid "\"Ready.\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md +msgid "" +"// Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n" " // TODO\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:64 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:385 -msgid "`Cargo.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "_Cargo.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:68 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[workspace]\n" -"\n" -"[package]\n" -"name = \"compass\"\n" -"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" -"edition = \"2021\"\n" -"publish = false\n" -"\n" -"[dependencies]\n" -"cortex-m-rt = \"0.7.3\"\n" -"embedded-hal = \"0.2.6\"\n" -"lsm303agr = \"0.2.2\"\n" -"microbit-v2 = \"0.13.0\"\n" -"panic-halt = \"0.2.0\"\n" -"```" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md +msgid "_Embed.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:85 -msgid "`Embed.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "_.cargo/config.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:89 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[default.general]\n" -"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n" -"\n" -"[debug.gdb]\n" -"enabled = true\n" -"\n" -"[debug.reset]\n" -"halt_afterwards = true\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:100 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:985 -msgid "`.cargo/config.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:104 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[build]\n" -"target = \"thumbv7em-none-eabihf\" # Cortex-M4F\n" -"\n" -"[target.'cfg(all(target_arch = \"arm\", target_os = \"none\"))']\n" -"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Tlink.x\"]\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:112 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:114 -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/ttyACM0\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:118 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:120 -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/tty.usbmodem14502\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:124 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:1 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise" +msgstr "Dzień 3 Poranna gimnastyka" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))" +msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](for-loops.md))" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md +msgid "// Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md +msgid "\"Setting up IMU...\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md +msgid "// Set up display and timer.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md +msgid "// Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md +msgid "\"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md +msgid "" +"// If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink all " +"LEDs\n" +" // on.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps.md msgid "Application processors" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps.md msgid "" "So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. " "Now let's try writing something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work " @@ -16174,26 +16628,26 @@ msgid "" "virt.html) board." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:9 +#: src/bare-metal/aps.md msgid "" "Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of " "privilege (exception levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application " "processors do." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:11 +#: src/bare-metal/aps.md msgid "" "QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for each " "architecture. The 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real " "hardware, but is designed purely for virtual machines." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "Before we can start running Rust code, we need to do some initialisation." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:5 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "```armasm\n" ".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n" @@ -16269,13 +16723,13 @@ msgid "" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:77 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "This is the same as it would be for C: initialising the processor state, " "zeroing the BSS, and setting up the stack pointer." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:79 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "The BSS (block starting symbol, for historical reasons) is the part of the " "object file which containing statically allocated variables which are " @@ -16284,19 +16738,19 @@ msgid "" "them." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:83 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "The BSS may already be zeroed, depending on how memory is initialised and " "the image is loaded, but we zero it to be sure." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:85 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "We need to enable the MMU and cache before reading or writing any memory. If " "we don't:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:86 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "Unaligned accesses will fault. We build the Rust code for the `aarch64-" "unknown-none` target which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler " @@ -16304,18 +16758,18 @@ msgid "" "is not necessarily the case in general." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:89 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The " "problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, " -"while the host has cachable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host " +"while the host has cacheable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host " "doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache " "fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost when the cache " "is cleaned or the VM enables the cache. (Cache is keyed by physical address, " "not VA or IPA.)" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:94 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "For simplicity, we just use a hardcoded pagetable (see `idmap.S`) which " "identity maps the first 1 GiB of address space for devices, the next 1 GiB " @@ -16323,87 +16777,86 @@ msgid "" "memory layout that QEMU uses." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:97 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "We also set up the exception vector (`vbar_el1`), which we'll see more about " "later." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:98 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "All examples this afternoon assume we will be running at exception level 1 " "(EL1). If you need to run at a different exception level you'll need to " "modify `entry.S` accordingly." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "Inline assembly" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with " -"Rust code. For example, to make an " +"Rust code. For example, to make an HVC (hypervisor call) to tell the " +"firmware to power off the system:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:4 -msgid "HVC" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:4 -msgid " to tell the firmware to power off the system:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:6 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"use core::arch::asm;\n" -"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" -"\n" -"mod exceptions;\n" -"\n" -"const PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF: u32 = 0x84000008;\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn main(_x0: u64, _x1: u64, _x2: u64, _x3: u64) {\n" -" // Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n" +"// Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n" " // anything with memory.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" asm!(\"hvc #0\",\n" -" inout(\"w0\") PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF => _,\n" -" inout(\"w1\") 0 => _,\n" -" inout(\"w2\") 0 => _,\n" -" inout(\"w3\") 0 => _,\n" -" inout(\"w4\") 0 => _,\n" -" inout(\"w5\") 0 => _,\n" -" inout(\"w6\") 0 => _,\n" -" inout(\"w7\") 0 => _,\n" -" options(nomem, nostack)\n" -" );\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:39 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md +msgid "\"hvc #0\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md +msgid "\"w0\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md +msgid "\"w1\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md +msgid "\"w2\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md +msgid "\"w3\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md +msgid "\"w4\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md +msgid "\"w5\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md +msgid "\"w6\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md +msgid "\"w7\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "(If you actually want to do this, use the [`smccc`](https://crates.io/crates/" "smccc) crate which has wrappers for all these functions.)" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:43 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of " "functions to manage system and CPU power states, among other things. It is " "implemented by EL3 firmware and hypervisors on many systems." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:46 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the " "inline assembly code, and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use " @@ -16411,13 +16864,13 @@ msgid "" "contents of the registers." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:49 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "This `main` function needs to be `#[no_mangle]` and `extern \"C\"` because " "it is called from our entry point in `entry.S`." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:51 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "`_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are conventionally " "used by the bootloader to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. " @@ -16427,82 +16880,73 @@ msgid "" "special except make sure it doesn't change these registers." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:56 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" "examples`." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "Volatile memory access for MMIO" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:4 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "Never hold a reference." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:5 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "" "`addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an intermediate " "reference." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:9 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "" "Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so prevent " "the compiler or hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:11 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "" "Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the " "compiler may assume that the value read is the same as the value just " "written, and not bother actually reading memory." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:13 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "" "Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, but " "this is unsound. Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to " "dereference it." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:15 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "" "Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to the " "struct." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md msgid "Let's write a UART driver" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md msgid "" "The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/" "documentation/ddi0183/g) UART, so let's write a driver for that." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:5 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md +msgid "/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n" -"const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n" -"const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n" -"\n" -"/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"pub struct Uart {\n" -" base_address: *mut u8,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Uart {\n" -" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at " -"the\n" +"/// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n" " /// given base address.\n" " ///\n" " /// # Safety\n" @@ -16512,37 +16956,35 @@ msgid "" " /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " "process\n" " /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" -" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n" -" Self { base_address }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" -" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" -" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" -" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" // Write to the TX buffer.\n" -" self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" -" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n" -" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET)." -"read_volatile() }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:55 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "// Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md +msgid "" +"// Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "// Write to the TX buffer.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "// Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md msgid "" "Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is " "because as long as the caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety " @@ -16552,67 +16994,54 @@ msgid "" "necessary preconditions." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:60 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md msgid "" "We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but " "`write_byte` unsafe), but that would be much less convenient to use as every " "place that calls `write_byte` would need to reason about the safety" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:63 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md msgid "" "This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving " "the burden of proof for soundness from a large number of places to a smaller " "number of places." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md msgid "More traits" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md msgid "" "We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more " "traits too." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:5 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n" -"\n" -"impl Write for Uart {\n" -" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n" -" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n" -" self.write_byte(*c);\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(())\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" "// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" "// accessed from any context.\n" -"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n" -"```" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:24 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md msgid "" "Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with our " "`Uart` type." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:25 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md msgid "" "Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" "examples`." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "A better UART driver" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "" "The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers](https://developer.arm.com/" "documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers), and adding " @@ -16621,259 +17050,212 @@ msgid "" "structured way." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "Offset" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "Register name" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "Width" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x00" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "DR" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "12" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x04" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "RSR" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10 -msgid "4" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x18" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "FR" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "9" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x20" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "ILPR" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15 -msgid "8" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x24" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "IBRD" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "16" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x28" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "FBRD" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17 -msgid "6" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x2c" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "LCR_H" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x30" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "CR" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x34" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "IFLS" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x38" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "IMSC" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19 -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "11" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x3c" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "RIS" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x40" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "MIS" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x44" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "ICR" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x48" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "DMACR" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22 -msgid "3" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:26 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "" "The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for " "working with bitflags." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use bitflags::bitflags;\n" -"\n" -"bitflags! {\n" -" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n" -" #[repr(transparent)]\n" -" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" -" struct Flags: u16 {\n" -" /// Clear to send.\n" -" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n" -" /// Data set ready.\n" -" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n" -" /// Data carrier detect.\n" -" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n" -" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n" -" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n" -" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n" -" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n" -" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n" -" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n" -" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n" -" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n" -" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n" -" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n" -" /// Ring indicator.\n" -" const RI = 1 << 8;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Flags from the UART flag register.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:37 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Clear to send.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Data set ready.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Data carrier detect.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// UART busy transmitting data.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Receive FIFO is empty.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Transmit FIFO is full.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Receive FIFO is full.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Ring indicator.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "" "The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along " "with a bunch of method implementations to get and set flags." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md msgid "Multiple registers" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md msgid "" "We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" -"struct Registers {\n" -" dr: u16,\n" -" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n" -" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n" -" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n" -" fr: Flags,\n" -" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n" -" ilpr: u8,\n" -" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" -" ibrd: u16,\n" -" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n" -" fbrd: u8,\n" -" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n" -" lcr_h: u8,\n" -" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n" -" cr: u16,\n" -" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n" -" ifls: u8,\n" -" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n" -" imsc: u16,\n" -" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n" -" ris: u16,\n" -" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n" -" mis: u16,\n" -" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n" -" icr: u16,\n" -" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n" -" dmacr: u8,\n" -" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:41 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md msgid "" "[`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-" "representation) tells the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, " @@ -16882,269 +17264,134 @@ msgid "" "(among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"pub struct Uart {\n" -" registers: *mut Registers,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Uart {\n" -" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at " -"the\n" -" /// given base address.\n" -" ///\n" -" /// # Safety\n" -" ///\n" -" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of " -"a\n" -" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " -"process\n" -" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" -" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" -" Self {\n" -" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" -" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" -" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" -" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" // Write to the TX buffer.\n" -" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" -" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been " -"received.\n" -" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option {\n" -" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n" -" None\n" -" } else {\n" -" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)." -"read_volatile() };\n" -" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n" -" Some(data as u8)\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md +msgid "/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:64 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "" +"// Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "" +"/// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been\n" +" /// received.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "// TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "" "Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual " "fields without creating an intermediate reference, which would be unsound." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:1 -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md #, fuzzy msgid "Using it" msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md msgid "" "Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, " "and echo incoming bytes." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"mod exceptions;\n" -"mod pl011;\n" -"\n" -"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" -"use core::fmt::Write;\n" -"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" -"use log::error;\n" -"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" -"use smccc::Hvc;\n" -"\n" -"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" -"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" -" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " -"device,\n" -" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" -" let mut uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" -"\n" -" writeln!(uart, \"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\").unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" loop {\n" -" if let Some(byte) = uart.read_byte() {\n" -" uart.write_byte(byte);\n" -" match byte {\n" -" b'\\r' => {\n" -" uart.write_byte(b'\\n');\n" -" }\n" -" b'q' => break,\n" -" _ => {}\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" writeln!(uart, \"Bye!\").unwrap();\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:51 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "" +"// Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n" +" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md +msgid "\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md +msgid "b'\\r'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md +msgid "b'\\n'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md +msgid "b'q'" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md +msgid "\"Bye!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md msgid "" "As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` " "function is called from our entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker " "notes there for details." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:53 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md msgid "" "Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md msgid "" "It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`]" "(https://crates.io/crates/log) crate. We can do this by implementing the " "`Log` trait." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" -"use core::fmt::Write;\n" -"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n" -"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" -"\n" -"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n" -" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n" -"};\n" -"\n" -"struct Logger {\n" -" uart: SpinMutex>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Log for Logger {\n" -" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n" -" true\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n" -" writeln!(\n" -" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n" -" \"[{}] {}\",\n" -" record.level(),\n" -" record.args()\n" -" )\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn flush(&self) {}\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"/// Initialises UART logger.\n" -"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), " -"SetLoggerError> {\n" -" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n" -"\n" -" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n" -" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"[{}] {}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:50 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Initialises UART logger.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md msgid "" "The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling " "`set_logger`." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"mod exceptions;\n" -"mod logger;\n" -"mod pl011;\n" -"\n" -"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" -"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" -"use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n" -"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" -"use smccc::Hvc;\n" -"\n" -"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" -"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" -" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " -"device,\n" -" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" -" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" -" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" info!(\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\");\n" -"\n" -" assert_eq!(x1, 42);\n" -"\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[panic_handler]\n" -"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" -" error!(\"{info}\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"{info}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:46 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md msgid "Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:47 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md msgid "" "Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" "examples`." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md msgid "" "AArch64 defines an exception vector table with 16 entries, for 4 types of " "exceptions (synchronous, IRQ, FIQ, SError) from 4 states (current EL with " @@ -17153,80 +17400,23 @@ msgid "" "calling into Rust code:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use log::error;\n" -"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" -"use smccc::Hvc;\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"irq_current\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"fiq_current\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"serr_current\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"sync_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"irq_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"serr_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:64 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md msgid "EL is exception level; all our examples this afternoon run in EL1." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:65 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md msgid "" "For simplicity we aren't distinguishing between SP0 and SPx for the current " "EL exceptions, or between AArch32 and AArch64 for the lower EL exceptions." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:67 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md msgid "" "For this example we just log the exception and power down, as we don't " "expect any of them to actually happen." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:69 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md msgid "" "We can think of exception handlers and our main execution context more or " "less like different threads. [`Send` and `Sync`](../../concurrency/send-sync." @@ -17236,55 +17426,55 @@ msgid "" "it in something like a `Mutex` and put it in a static." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:4 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "\"coreboot without the C\"" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:5 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:6 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:7 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "" "[Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-" "raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:8 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "" "Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, " "exception handling, page tables" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:10 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "" "Some dodginess around cache maintenance and initialisation in Rust, not " "necessarily a good example to copy for production code." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:12 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:13 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:17 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "" "The RaspberryPi OS tutorial runs Rust code before the MMU and caches are " "enabled. This will read and write memory (e.g. the stack). However:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:19 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "" "Without the MMU and cache, unaligned accesses will fault. It builds with " "`aarch64-unknown-none` which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler " @@ -17292,144 +17482,92 @@ msgid "" "necessarily the case in general." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:22 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "" "If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The " "problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, " -"while the host has cachable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host " +"while the host has cacheable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host " "doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache " "fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost. Again this is " "alright in this particular case (running directly on the hardware with no " "hypervisor), but isn't a good pattern in general." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md +msgid "Useful crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md msgid "" "We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal " "programming." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:1 -msgid "`zerocopy`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md msgid "" "The [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) crate (from Fuchsia) provides " "traits and macros for safely converting between byte sequences and other " "types." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use zerocopy::AsBytes;\n" -"\n" -"#[repr(u32)]\n" -"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n" -"enum RequestType {\n" -" #[default]\n" -" In = 0,\n" -" Out = 1,\n" -" Flush = 4,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[repr(C)]\n" -"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n" -"struct VirtioBlockRequest {\n" -" request_type: RequestType,\n" -" reserved: u32,\n" -" sector: u64,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let request = VirtioBlockRequest {\n" -" request_type: RequestType::Flush,\n" -" sector: 42,\n" -" ..Default::default()\n" -" };\n" -"\n" -" assert_eq!(\n" -" request.as_bytes(),\n" -" &[4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n" -" );\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:40 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md msgid "" "This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), " "but can be useful for working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by " "DMA, or sent over some external interface." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:45 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md msgid "" "`FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is " "valid, and so can safely be converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:47 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md msgid "" "Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because " "`RequestType` doesn't use all possible u32 values as discriminants, so not " "all byte patterns are valid." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:49 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md msgid "" "`zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:50 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md msgid "" "Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/" "zerocopy-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate " "dependency.)" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:1 -msgid "`aarch64-paging`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md msgid "" "The [`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) crate lets " "you create page tables according to the AArch64 Virtual Memory System " "Architecture." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use aarch64_paging::{\n" -" idmap::IdMap,\n" -" paging::{Attributes, MemoryRegion},\n" -"};\n" -"\n" -"const ASID: usize = 1;\n" -"const ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;\n" -"\n" -"// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n" -"let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);\n" -"// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n" -"idmap.map_range(\n" -" &MemoryRegion::new(0x80200000, 0x80400000),\n" -" Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,\n" -").unwrap();\n" -"// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n" -"idmap.activate();\n" -"```" +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md +msgid "// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:28 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md +msgid "// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md +msgid "// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md msgid "" "For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels should " "be straightforward to add." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:30 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware](https://cs.android." @@ -17440,17 +17578,13 @@ msgstr "" "skrzynie/`](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:" "external/rust/crates/)." -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:31 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md msgid "" "There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real hardware " "or under QEMU." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:1 -msgid "`buddy_system_allocator`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md msgid "" "[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator) " "is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator. It can " @@ -17462,41 +17596,18 @@ msgid "" "space for PCI BARs:" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use buddy_system_allocator::FrameAllocator;\n" -"use core::alloc::Layout;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut allocator = FrameAllocator::<32>::new();\n" -" allocator.add_frame(0x200_0000, 0x400_0000);\n" -"\n" -" let layout = Layout::from_size_align(0x100, 0x100).unwrap();\n" -" let bar = allocator\n" -" .alloc_aligned(layout)\n" -" .expect(\"Failed to allocate 0x100 byte MMIO region\");\n" -" println!(\"Allocated 0x100 byte MMIO region at {:#x}\", bar);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:26 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md msgid "PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:27 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md msgid "" "Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/" "allocator-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate " "dependency.)" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:1 -msgid "`tinyvec`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md msgid "" "Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without " "heap allocation. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec) provides " @@ -17505,88 +17616,53 @@ msgid "" "and panics if you try to use more than are allocated." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use tinyvec::{array_vec, ArrayVec};\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut numbers: ArrayVec<[u32; 5]> = array_vec!(42, 66);\n" -" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" -" numbers.push(7);\n" -" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" -" numbers.remove(1);\n" -" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:23 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md msgid "" "`tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for " "initialisation." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:24 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md msgid "" "The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine inline." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:1 -msgid "`spin`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md msgid "" "`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` " "are not available in `core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or " "interior mutability, such as for sharing state between different CPUs?" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:7 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md msgid "" "The [`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) crate provides spinlock-based " "equivalents of many of these primitives." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:9 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" -"\n" -"static counter: SpinMutex = SpinMutex::new(0);\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n" -" *counter.lock() += 2;\n" -" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:23 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md msgid "Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:24 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md msgid "" "`spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of `RwLock`, " -"`Barrier` and `Once` from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation." +"`Barrier` and `Once` from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:26 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md msgid "" "The [`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell) crate also has some " "useful types for late initialisation with a slightly different approach to " "`spin::once::Once`." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:28 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md msgid "" "The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/android.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/android.md msgid "" "To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a " "`rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` " @@ -17594,49 +17670,11 @@ msgid "" "to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/android.md:7 -msgid "" -"```soong\n" -"rust_ffi_static {\n" -" name: \"libvmbase_example\",\n" -" defaults: [\"vmbase_ffi_defaults\"],\n" -" crate_name: \"vmbase_example\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"libvmbase\",\n" -" ],\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"cc_binary {\n" -" name: \"vmbase_example\",\n" -" defaults: [\"vmbase_elf_defaults\"],\n" -" srcs: [\n" -" \"idmap.S\",\n" -" ],\n" -" static_libs: [\n" -" \"libvmbase_example\",\n" -" ],\n" -" linker_scripts: [\n" -" \"image.ld\",\n" -" \":vmbase_sections\",\n" -" ],\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"raw_binary {\n" -" name: \"vmbase_example_bin\",\n" -" stem: \"vmbase_example.bin\",\n" -" src: \":vmbase_example\",\n" -" enabled: false,\n" -" target: {\n" -" android_arm64: {\n" -" enabled: true,\n" -" },\n" -" },\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md +msgid "vmbase" msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:3 +#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md msgid "" "For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase](https://android." "googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Virtualization/+/refs/heads/" @@ -17644,153 +17682,113 @@ msgid "" "build rules, along with an entry point, UART console logging and more." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"use vmbase::{main, println};\n" -"\n" -"main!(main);\n" -"\n" -"pub fn main(arg0: u64, arg1: u64, arg2: u64, arg3: u64) {\n" -" println!(\"Hello world\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:21 +#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md msgid "" "The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` " "entry point." msgstr "" -#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:22 +#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md msgid "" "The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a " "PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown the VM if your main function returns." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:3 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:1 -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:3 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-" +"afternoon.md) provided." +msgstr "" +"Po obejrzeniu ćwiczenia możesz spojrzeć na podane [rozwiązanie](solutions-" +"afternoon.md)." + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "RTC driver" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:3 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031](https://developer.arm.com/" "documentation/ddi0224/c) real-time clock at 0x9010000. For this exercise, " "you should write a driver for it." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:6 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "Use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use the " "[`chrono`](https://crates.io/crates/chrono) crate for date/time formatting." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:8 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "Use the match register and raw interrupt status to busy-wait until a given " "time, e.g. 3 seconds in the future. (Call [`core::hint::spin_loop`](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/core/hint/fn.spin_loop.html) inside the loop.)" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:10 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "_Extension if you have time:_ Enable and handle the interrupt generated by " "the RTC match. You can use the driver provided in the [`arm-gic`](https://" "docs.rs/arm-gic/) crate to configure the Arm Generic Interrupt Controller." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:12 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "Use the RTC interrupt, which is wired to the GIC as `IntId::spi(2)`." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:13 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "Once the interrupt is enabled, you can put the core to sleep via `arm_gic::" "wfi()`, which will cause the core to sleep until it receives an interrupt." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:16 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and " "look in the `rtc` directory for the following files." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:23 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"mod exceptions;\n" -"mod logger;\n" -"mod pl011;\n" -"\n" -"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" -"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" -"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" -"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n" -"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" -"use smccc::Hvc;\n" -"\n" -"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n" -"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n" -"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n" -"\n" -"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" -"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" -" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " -"device,\n" -" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" -" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" -" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the " -"base\n" -" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n" -" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n" -" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, " -"GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" -" gic.setup();\n" -"\n" -" // TODO: Create instance of RTC driver and print current time.\n" -"\n" -" // TODO: Wait for 3 seconds.\n" -"\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[panic_handler]\n" -"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" -" error!(\"{info}\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:75 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" -"`src/exceptions.rs` (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of " +"// Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the base\n" +" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n" +" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "// TODO: Create instance of RTC driver and print current time.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "// TODO: Wait for 3 seconds.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "" +"_src/exceptions.rs_ (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of " "the exercise):" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:79 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" @@ -17804,245 +17802,111 @@ msgid "" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" -"use log::{error, info, trace};\n" -"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" -"use smccc::Hvc;\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" trace!(\"irq_current\");\n" -" let intid = GicV3::get_and_acknowledge_interrupt().expect(\"No pending " -"interrupt\");\n" -" info!(\"IRQ {intid:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"fiq_current\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"serr_current\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"sync_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"irq_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"serr_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"```" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:149 -msgid "`src/logger.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"sync_exception_current\"" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:153 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"irq_current\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"No pending interrupt\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"IRQ {intid:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"fiq_current\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"serr_current\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"sync_lower\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"irq_lower\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"fiq_lower\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"serr_lower\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "_src/logger.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// ANCHOR: main\n" +msgstr "// ANCHOR_END: setup" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "_src/pl011.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// ANCHOR: Flags\n" +msgstr "// ANCHOR_END: setup" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n" +msgstr "// ANCHOR_END: setup" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" -"use core::fmt::Write;\n" -"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n" -"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" -"\n" -"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n" -" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n" -"};\n" -"\n" -"struct Logger {\n" -" uart: SpinMutex>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Log for Logger {\n" -" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n" -" true\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n" -" writeln!(\n" -" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n" -" \"[{}] {}\",\n" -" record.level(),\n" -" record.args()\n" -" )\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn flush(&self) {}\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"/// Initialises UART logger.\n" -"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), " -"SetLoggerError> {\n" -" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n" -"\n" -" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n" -" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"/// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:210 -msgid "`src/pl011.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Framing error.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:214 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Parity error.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Break error.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "/// Overrun error.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// ANCHOR: Registers\n" +msgstr "// ANCHOR_END: setup" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n" +msgstr "// ANCHOR_END: setup" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"#![allow(unused)]\n" -"\n" -"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n" -"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Flags\n" -"use bitflags::bitflags;\n" -"\n" -"bitflags! {\n" -" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n" -" #[repr(transparent)]\n" -" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" -" struct Flags: u16 {\n" -" /// Clear to send.\n" -" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n" -" /// Data set ready.\n" -" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n" -" /// Data carrier detect.\n" -" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n" -" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n" -" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n" -" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n" -" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n" -" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n" -" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n" -" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n" -" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n" -" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n" -" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n" -" /// Ring indicator.\n" -" const RI = 1 << 8;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n" -"\n" -"bitflags! {\n" -" /// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n" -" #[repr(transparent)]\n" -" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" -" struct ReceiveStatus: u16 {\n" -" /// Framing error.\n" -" const FE = 1 << 0;\n" -" /// Parity error.\n" -" const PE = 1 << 1;\n" -" /// Break error.\n" -" const BE = 1 << 2;\n" -" /// Overrun error.\n" -" const OE = 1 << 3;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Registers\n" -"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" -"struct Registers {\n" -" dr: u16,\n" -" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n" -" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n" -" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n" -" fr: Flags,\n" -" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n" -" ilpr: u8,\n" -" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" -" ibrd: u16,\n" -" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n" -" fbrd: u8,\n" -" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n" -" lcr_h: u8,\n" -" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n" -" cr: u16,\n" -" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n" -" ifls: u8,\n" -" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n" -" imsc: u16,\n" -" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n" -" ris: u16,\n" -" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n" -" mis: u16,\n" -" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n" -" icr: u16,\n" -" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n" -" dmacr: u8,\n" -" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n" -"\n" "// ANCHOR: Uart\n" "/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"pub struct Uart {\n" -" registers: *mut Registers,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Uart {\n" -" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at " -"the\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "" +"/// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n" " /// given base address.\n" " ///\n" " /// # Safety\n" @@ -18052,132 +17916,55 @@ msgid "" " /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " "process\n" " /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" -" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" -" Self {\n" -" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" -" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" -" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" -" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" // Write to the TX buffer.\n" -" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" -" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been " -"received.\n" -" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option {\n" -" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n" -" None\n" -" } else {\n" -" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)." -"read_volatile() };\n" -" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n" -" Some(data as u8)\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n" -"\n" -"impl Write for Uart {\n" -" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n" -" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n" -" self.write_byte(*c);\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(())\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" -"// accessed from any context.\n" -"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n" -"```" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:389 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[workspace]\n" -"\n" -"[package]\n" -"name = \"rtc\"\n" -"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" -"edition = \"2021\"\n" -"publish = false\n" -"\n" -"[dependencies]\n" -"arm-gic = \"0.1.0\"\n" -"bitflags = \"2.0.0\"\n" -"chrono = { version = \"0.4.24\", default-features = false }\n" -"log = \"0.4.17\"\n" -"smccc = \"0.1.1\"\n" -"spin = \"0.9.8\"\n" -"\n" -"[build-dependencies]\n" -"cc = \"1.0.73\"\n" -"```" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n" +msgstr "// ANCHOR_END: setup" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "_build.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:410 -msgid "`build.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"linux\"" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:414 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"use cc::Build;\n" -"use std::env;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" #[cfg(target_os = \"linux\")]\n" -" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-linux-gnu\");\n" -" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"linux\"))]\n" -" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-none-elf\");\n" -"\n" -" Build::new()\n" -" .file(\"entry.S\")\n" -" .file(\"exceptions.S\")\n" -" .file(\"idmap.S\")\n" -" .compile(\"empty\")\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"CROSS_COMPILE\"" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:446 -msgid "`entry.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"aarch64-linux-gnu\"" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:450 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"aarch64-none-elf\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"entry.S\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "\"exceptions.S\"" +msgstr "Funkcje" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"idmap.S\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "\"empty\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "_entry.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "```armasm\n" "/*\n" @@ -18339,11 +18126,11 @@ msgid "" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:595 -msgid "`exceptions.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "_exceptions.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:599 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "```armasm\n" "/*\n" @@ -18537,11 +18324,11 @@ msgid "" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:780 -msgid "`idmap.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "_idmap.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:784 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "```armasm\n" "/*\n" @@ -18590,11 +18377,11 @@ msgid "" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:829 -msgid "`image.ld` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "_image.ld_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:833 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "```ld\n" "/*\n" @@ -18705,74 +18492,191 @@ msgid "" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:940 -msgid "`Makefile` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "_Makefile_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:944 -msgid "" -"```makefile\n" -"# Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"#\n" -"# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"#\n" -"# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"#\n" -"# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"# limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"UNAME := $(shell uname -s)\n" -"ifeq ($(UNAME),Linux)\n" -"\tTARGET = aarch64-linux-gnu\n" -"else\n" -"\tTARGET = aarch64-none-elf\n" -"endif\n" -"OBJCOPY = $(TARGET)-objcopy\n" -"\n" -".PHONY: build qemu_minimal qemu qemu_logger\n" -"\n" -"all: rtc.bin\n" -"\n" -"build:\n" -"\tcargo build\n" -"\n" -"rtc.bin: build\n" -"\t$(OBJCOPY) -O binary target/aarch64-unknown-none/debug/rtc $@\n" -"\n" -"qemu: rtc.bin\n" -"\tqemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,gic-version=3 -cpu max -serial mon:stdio " -"-display none -kernel $< -s\n" -"\n" -"clean:\n" -"\tcargo clean\n" -"\trm -f *.bin\n" -"```" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "# Copyright 2023 Google LLC" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:989 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[build]\n" -"target = \"aarch64-unknown-none\"\n" -"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Timage.ld\"]\n" -"```" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "$(shell uname -s)" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:995 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "aarch64-linux-gnu" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "stdio -display none -kernel $< -s" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md +msgid "cargo clean" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`." msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency.md:1 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon" +msgstr "Dzień 1 Popołudnie" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))" +msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](luhn.md))" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "_main.rs_:" +msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "" +"// Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 device,\n" +" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"RTC: {time}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "// Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"Waiting for {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"Finished waiting\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "// Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "_pl031.rs_:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// Data register\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// Match register\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// Load register\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// Control register\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// Raw Interrupt Status\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// Masked Interrupt Status\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// Interrupt Clear Register\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "" +"/// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at the\n" +" /// given base address.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// # Safety\n" +" ///\n" +" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of " +"a\n" +" /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " +"process\n" +" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// Reads the current RTC value.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "" +"// Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "" +"/// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an interrupt\n" +" /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "" +"/// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or " +"not\n" +" /// the interrupt is enabled.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "" +"/// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// This should be true if and only if `matched` returns true and the\n" +" /// interrupt is masked.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "" +"/// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false " +"the\n" +" /// interrupt is disabled.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "/// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency.md #, fuzzy msgid "Welcome to Concurrency in Rust" msgstr "Witamy w Comprehensive Rust 🦀" -#: src/concurrency.md:3 +#: src/concurrency.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and " @@ -18781,7 +18685,7 @@ msgstr "" "Rust ma pełne wsparcie dla współbieżności przy użyciu wątków systemu " "operacyjnego z muteksami i kanały." -#: src/concurrency.md:6 +#: src/concurrency.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs " @@ -18793,60 +18697,46 @@ msgstr "" "_nieustraszona współbieżność_ może polegać na kompilatorze, aby zapewnić " "poprawność w czasie wykonywania." -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:3 +#: src/concurrency/threads.md #, fuzzy msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:" msgstr "Wątki Rust działają podobnie do wątków w innych językach:" -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" thread::spawn(|| {\n" -" for i in 1..10 {\n" -" println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" -" }\n" -" });\n" -"\n" -" for i in 1..5 {\n" -" println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/concurrency/threads.md +msgid "\"Count in thread: {i}!\"" msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:24 +#: src/concurrency/threads.md +msgid "\"Main thread: {i}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md #, fuzzy msgid "Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them." msgstr "Wątki to wszystkie wątki demonów, główny wątek na nie nie czeka." -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:25 +#: src/concurrency/threads.md #, fuzzy msgid "Thread panics are independent of each other." msgstr "Paniki wątków są od siebie niezależne." -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:26 +#: src/concurrency/threads.md #, fuzzy msgid "Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`." msgstr "" "Paniki mogą przenosić ładunek, który można rozpakować za pomocą " "`downcast_ref`." -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:32 +#: src/concurrency/threads.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread is " -"not waiting." +"Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 --- the main thread " +"is not waiting." msgstr "" "Zauważ, że wątek jest zatrzymywany, zanim osiągnie 10 — główny wątek jest " "nie czekać." -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:35 +#: src/concurrency/threads.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for " @@ -18855,12 +18745,12 @@ msgstr "" "Użyj `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` a później `handle.join()` aby czekać " "wątek do końca." -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:38 +#: src/concurrency/threads.md #, fuzzy msgid "Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`." msgstr "Wywołaj panikę w wątku, zauważ, że nie wpływa to na `main`." -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:40 +#: src/concurrency/threads.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the " @@ -18871,39 +18761,12 @@ msgstr "" "do paniki ładunek. To dobry moment, aby porozmawiać o [`Dowolny`](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html)." -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3 +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md #, fuzzy msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:" msgstr "Normalne wątki nie mogą pożyczać ze swojego środowiska:" -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"\n" -"fn foo() {\n" -" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" -" thread::spawn(|| {\n" -" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" -" });\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" foo();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: String = String::from(\"Cześć!\");\n" -" let s2: String = s1;\n" -" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:20 +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "However, you can use a [scoped thread](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/" @@ -18912,33 +18775,7 @@ msgstr "" "W tym celu możesz jednak użyć \\[wątku z zakresem\\] [1](https://doc.rust-" "lang.org/std/thread/fn.scope.html):" -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:22 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" -"\n" -" thread::scope(|scope| {\n" -" scope.spawn(|| {\n" -" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" -" });\n" -" });\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: String = String::from(\"Cześć!\");\n" -" let s2: String = s1;\n" -" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:40 +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all " @@ -18947,7 +18784,7 @@ msgstr "" "Powodem tego jest to, że gdy funkcja `thread::scope` zakończy działanie, " "wszystkie wątki zostaną połączone, więc będą mogły zwrócić pożyczone dane." -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:41 +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one " @@ -18956,7 +18793,7 @@ msgstr "" "Obowiązują normalne zasady pożyczania Rusta: możesz pożyczać zmiennie o " "jeden wątek lub niezmiennie o dowolną liczbę wątków." -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:3 +#: src/concurrency/channels.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender` and a `Receiver`. The two " @@ -18965,29 +18802,11 @@ msgstr "" "Kanały Rusta mają dwie części: `Sender` i `Receiver`. Dwie części są " "połączone kanałem, ale widzisz tylko punkty końcowe." -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n" -"\n" -" tx.send(10).unwrap();\n" -" tx.send(20).unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" -" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" -"\n" -" let tx2 = tx.clone();\n" -" tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/concurrency/channels.md +msgid "\"Received: {:?}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:27 +#: src/concurrency/channels.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` " @@ -18998,7 +18817,7 @@ msgstr "" "implementują `Clone` (tzw możesz stworzyć wielu producentów), ale `Receiver` " "nie." -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:29 +#: src/concurrency/channels.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the " @@ -19007,39 +18826,28 @@ msgstr "" "`send()` i `recv()` zwracają `Result`. Jeśli zwracają `Błąd`, oznacza to " "odpowiednik `Nadawca` lub `Odbiornik` jest odrzucany i kanał jest zamykany." -#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3 +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md #, fuzzy msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:" msgstr "Otrzymujesz nieograniczony i asynchroniczny kanał z `mpsc::channel()`:" -#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n" -"\n" -" thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" -" for i in 1..10 {\n" -" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n" -" });\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" -"\n" -" for msg in rx.iter() {\n" -" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md +msgid "\"Message {i}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3 +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md +msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md +msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: done\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md +msgid "\"Main: got {msg}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "With bounded (synchronous) channels, `send` can block the current thread:" @@ -19047,67 +18855,35 @@ msgstr "" "Ograniczone i synchroniczne kanały sprawiają, że `send` blokuje bieżący " "wątek:" -#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);\n" -"\n" -" thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" -" for i in 1..10 {\n" -" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n" -" });\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" -"\n" -" for msg in rx.iter() {\n" -" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:31 +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md msgid "" "Calling `send` will block the current thread until there is space in the " "channel for the new message. The thread can be blocked indefinitely if there " "is nobody who reads from the channel." msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:32 +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md msgid "" "A call to `send` will abort with an error (that is why it returns `Result`) " "if the channel is closed. A channel is closed when the receiver is dropped." msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:33 +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md msgid "" "A bounded channel with a size of zero is called a \"rendezvous channel\". " "Every send will block the current thread until another thread calls `read`." msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`Send` and `Sync`" -msgstr "`Wyślij` i `Synchronizacja`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"How does Rust know to forbid shared access across thread? The answer is in " +"How does Rust know to forbid shared access across threads? The answer is in " "two traits:" msgstr "" "Skąd Rust wie, jak zabronić współdzielonego dostępu między wątkami? " "Odpowiedź tkwi w dwóch cechach:" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:5 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): a type `T` " @@ -19116,7 +18892,7 @@ msgstr "" "[`Wyślij`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): typ `T` to " "`Wyślij`, jeśli bezpieczne jest przeniesienie `T` w wątku granica." -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:7 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): a type `T` " @@ -19125,7 +18901,7 @@ msgstr "" "[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): typ `T` to " "`Sync`, jeśli bezpieczne jest przeniesienie `&T` w wątku granica." -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:10 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). The " @@ -19138,7 +18914,7 @@ msgstr "" "tylko typy `Send` i `Sync`. Możesz także zaimplementować je ręcznie, gdy ty " "wiedzieć, że jest ważny." -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:20 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-" @@ -19147,17 +18923,12 @@ msgstr "" "Można myśleć o tych cechach jako o znacznikach, że typ ma pewne właściwości " "bezpieczeństwa wątków." -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:21 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md #, fuzzy msgid "They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits." msgstr "Mogą być używane w ogólnych ograniczeniach jako normalne cechy." -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`Send`" -msgstr "`Wyślij`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "A type `T` is [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) " @@ -19166,7 +18937,7 @@ msgstr "" "Typ `T` to [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html), " "jeśli przeniesienie wartości `T` do innego wątku jest bezpieczne." -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will " @@ -19177,18 +18948,13 @@ msgstr "" "_destruktorów_ w tym wątku. Pytanie brzmi, kiedy można przydzielić wartość w " "jednym wątku i zwolnij go w innym." -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:13 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md msgid "" "As an example, a connection to the SQLite library must only be accessed from " "a single thread." msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`Sync`" -msgstr "`Synchronizacja`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "A type `T` is [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) " @@ -19197,17 +18963,17 @@ msgstr "" "Typ `T` to [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html), " "jeśli dostęp do wartości `T` z wielu wątków jednocześnie." -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md #, fuzzy msgid "More precisely, the definition is:" msgstr "Dokładniej, definicja brzmi:" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md #, fuzzy msgid "`T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`" msgstr "`T` to `Sync` wtedy i tylko wtedy, gdy `&T` to `Wyślij`" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is " @@ -19218,7 +18984,7 @@ msgstr "" "typ jest bezpieczny dla wątków do wspólnego użytku, bezpieczne jest również " "przekazywanie odwołań do niego między wątkami." -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:16 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across " @@ -19234,41 +19000,41 @@ msgstr "" "wątku, ponieważ do danych, do których się odwołuje, można bezpiecznie " "uzyskać dostęp z dowolnego wątku." -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "`Send + Sync`" msgstr "`Wyślij + synchronizuj`" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:" msgstr "Większość spotykanych typów to `Wyślij + synchronizuj`:" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..." msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:8 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..." msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:9 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`String`, `Option`, `Vec`, `Box`, ..." msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:10 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`Arc`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count." msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:11 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`Mutex`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking." msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:12 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions." msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are " @@ -19277,12 +19043,12 @@ msgstr "" "Typy ogólne to zazwyczaj `Wyślij + synchronizacja`, gdy są to parametry typu " "`Wyślij + synchronizuj`." -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "`Send + !Sync`" msgstr "`Wyślij +!Synchronizacja`" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe. " @@ -19291,32 +19057,32 @@ msgstr "" "Te typy można przenosić do innych wątków, ale nie są one bezpieczne dla " "wątków. Zazwyczaj z powodu wewnętrznej zmienności:" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "`mpsc::Sender`" msgstr "`mpsc::Nadawca`" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:23 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "`mpsc::Receiver`" msgstr "`mpsc::Odbiornik`" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:24 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "`Cell`" msgstr "`Komórka`" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:25 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "`RefCell`" msgstr "`RefKomórka`" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "`!Send + Sync`" msgstr "`!Wyślij + synchronizuj`" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:" @@ -19324,28 +19090,28 @@ msgstr "" "Te typy są bezpieczne dla wątków, ale nie można ich przenieść do innego " "wątku:" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"`MutexGuard`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on the " -"thread which created them." +"`MutexGuard`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on " +"the thread which created them." msgstr "" "`MutexGuard`: Używa prymitywów na poziomie systemu operacyjnego, które " "muszą zostać zwolnione na wątek, który je stworzył." -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "`!Send + !Sync`" msgstr "`!Wyślij + !Sync`" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:" msgstr "" "Te typy nie są bezpieczne dla wątków i nie można ich przenosić do innych " "wątków:" -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`Rc`: each `Rc` has a reference to an `RcBox`, which contains a non-" @@ -19354,7 +19120,7 @@ msgstr "" "`Rc`: każdy `Rc` ma odniesienie do `RcBox`, który zawiera " "nieatomowa liczba referencji." -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:40 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special concurrency " @@ -19363,7 +19129,7 @@ msgstr "" "`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust zakłada, że surowe wskaźniki mogą mieć specjalne " "względy współbieżności." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is " @@ -19372,7 +19138,7 @@ msgstr "" "Rust używa systemu typów do wymuszania synchronizacji współdzielonych " "danych. To jest odbywa się głównie za pomocą dwóch typów:" -#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), atomic " @@ -19383,7 +19149,7 @@ msgstr "" "atomowa liczona `T`: obsługuje udostępnianie między wątkami i dba o " "zwolnienie `T`, gdy ostatnie odwołanie zostanie usunięte," -#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:8 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): ensures " @@ -19392,12 +19158,7 @@ msgstr "" "[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): zapewnia " "wzajemnie wykluczający się dostęp do wartości `T`." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`Arc`" -msgstr "`Łuk`" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) allows shared " @@ -19406,30 +19167,15 @@ msgstr "" "[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) umożliwia " "współdzielony dostęp tylko do odczytu poprzez swoją metodę `clone`:" -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::sync::Arc;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" -" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n" -" for _ in 1..5 {\n" -" let v = Arc::clone(&v);\n" -" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n" -" }));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md +msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md +msgid "\"v: {v:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` " @@ -19438,7 +19184,7 @@ msgstr "" "`Arc` oznacza \"Atomic Reference Counted\", bezpieczną dla wątków wersję " "`Rc`, która wykorzystuje operacje." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:31 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`Arc` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` " @@ -19447,7 +19193,7 @@ msgstr "" "`Arc` implementuje `Clone` niezależnie od tego, czy `T` to robi. " "Implementuje `Wyślij` i `Sync` iff `T` realizuje je obie." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:33 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but " @@ -19456,7 +19202,7 @@ msgstr "" "`Arc::clone()` ma koszt wykonania operacji atomowych, ale później użycie `T` " "jest darmowe." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:35 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect " @@ -19465,47 +19211,28 @@ msgstr "" "Uważaj na cykle referencyjne, `Arc` nie używa modułu wyrzucania elementów " "bezużytecznych do ich wykrywania." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:36 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md #, fuzzy msgid "`std::sync::Weak` can help." msgstr "`std::sync::Weak` może pomóc." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`Mutex`" -msgstr "`Mutex`" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) ensures " "mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T` behind a read-only " -"interface:" +"interface (another form of [interior mutability](../../borrowing/interior-" +"mutability)):" msgstr "" "[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) zapewnia " "wzajemne wykluczanie _i_ umożliwia zmienny dostęp do `T` za interfejsem " "tylko do odczytu:" -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::Mutex;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" -" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" -"\n" -" {\n" -" let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n" -" guard.push(40);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md +msgid "\"v: {:?}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:22 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Notice how we have a [`impl Sync for Mutex`](https://doc.rust-" @@ -19515,16 +19242,16 @@ msgstr "" "Zauważ, że mamy koc [`impl Sync for Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang." "org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E). realizacja." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:31 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md #, fuzzy msgid "" -"`Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element - the " +"`Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element --- the " "protected data." msgstr "" "`Mutex` w Rust wygląda jak kolekcja z tylko jednym elementem - chronionymi " "danymi." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:32 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the " @@ -19533,7 +19260,7 @@ msgstr "" "Nie można zapomnieć o zdobyciu muteksu przed uzyskaniem dostępu do " "chronionych danych." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:33 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex` by taking the lock. The " @@ -19542,7 +19269,7 @@ msgstr "" "Możesz uzyskać `&mut T` z `&Mutex`, biorąc blokadę. `MutexGuard` " "zapewnia, że `&mut T` nie przetrwa utrzymywanej blokady." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:35 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`Mutex` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff (if and only if) `T` " @@ -19551,17 +19278,17 @@ msgstr "" "`Mutex` implementuje zarówno `Send`, jak i `Sync`, jeśli `T` implementuje " "`Send`." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:36 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md #, fuzzy -msgid "A read-write lock counterpart - `RwLock`." +msgid "A read-write lock counterpart: `RwLock`." msgstr "Odpowiednik blokady odczytu i zapisu - `RwLock`." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:37 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Why does `lock()` return a `Result`? " +msgid "Why does `lock()` return a `Result`?" msgstr "Dlaczego `lock()` zwraca `Result`?" -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:38 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes " @@ -19577,66 +19304,24 @@ msgstr "" "html). Możesz wywołać `into_inner()` w przypadku błędu, aby odzyskać dane " "mimo wszystko." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md #, fuzzy msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:" msgstr "Zobaczmy `Arc` i `Mutex` w akcji:" -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n" -" v.push(10);\n" -" });\n" -" v.push(1000);\n" -"\n" -" handle.join().unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md +msgid "// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md msgid "Possible solution:" msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:25 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n" -"\n" -" let v2 = Arc::clone(&v);\n" -" let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n" -" v2.push(10);\n" -" });\n" -"\n" -" {\n" -" let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" -" v.push(1000);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" handle.join().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:49 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md msgid "Notable parts:" msgstr "" -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:51 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are " @@ -19645,7 +19330,7 @@ msgstr "" "`v` jest opakowane zarówno w `Arc`, jak i `Mutex`, ponieważ ich " "zainteresowania są ortogonalne." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:52 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state " @@ -19654,7 +19339,7 @@ msgstr "" "Zawijanie `Mutex` w `Arc` to powszechny wzorzec udostępniania zmiennego " "stanu między wątkami." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:53 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "`v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another " @@ -19663,7 +19348,7 @@ msgstr "" "`v: Arc<_>` musi zostać sklonowany jako `v2` zanim będzie można go przenieść " "do innego wątku. Uwaga: do sygnatury lambda dodano słowo „move”." -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:54 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as " @@ -19671,17 +19356,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Blokady są wprowadzane w celu maksymalnego zawężenia zakresu `LockGuard`." -#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:3 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md #, fuzzy msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with" msgstr "Przećwiczmy nasze nowe umiejętności współbieżności z" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:5 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md #, fuzzy msgid "Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency." msgstr "Filozofowie jadalni: klasyczny problem współbieżności." -#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:7 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to " @@ -19690,12 +19375,12 @@ msgstr "" "Wielowątkowe narzędzie do sprawdzania linków: większy projekt, do którego " "użyjesz Cargo pobierz zależności, a następnie sprawdź linki równolegle." -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:3 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #, fuzzy msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:" msgstr "Problem filozofów jadalni jest klasycznym problemem współbieżności:" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:5 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has " @@ -19715,7 +19400,7 @@ msgstr "" "dostępnym, gdy dwaj najbliżsi sąsiedzi myślą, a nie jedzą. Po pojedynczy " "filozof skończy jeść, odłoży oba widelce." -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:13 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) " @@ -19726,56 +19411,108 @@ msgstr "" "md) dla to ćwiczenie. Skopiuj poniższy kod do pliku `src/main.rs`, wypełnij " "puste pola, i sprawdź, czy `cargo run` nie powoduje impasu:" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:19 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;\n" -"\n" -"struct Fork;\n" -"\n" -"struct Philosopher {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" // left_fork: ...\n" +"// left_fork: ...\n" " // right_fork: ...\n" " // thoughts: ...\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Philosopher {\n" -" fn think(&self) {\n" -" self.thoughts\n" -" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn eat(&self) {\n" -" // Pick up forks...\n" -" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" -" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" // Create forks\n" -"\n" -" // Create philosophers\n" -"\n" -" // Make each of them think and eat 100 times\n" -"\n" -" // Output their thoughts\n" -"}\n" -"```" +msgstr "" +"struktura Filozof { imię: Ciąg, // lewy_fork: ... // widelec_w prawo: ... // " +"myśli: ... }" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\"" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:61 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "// Pick up forks...\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"{} is eating...\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"Socrates\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"Hypatia\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"Plato\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"Aristotle\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"Pythagoras\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// Create forks\n" +msgstr "fn main() { // Utwórz rozwidlenia" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// Create philosophers\n" +msgstr "" +"```\n" +"// Twórz filozofów\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// Make each of them think and eat 100 times\n" +msgstr "" +"```\n" +"// Niech myślą i jedzą\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "// Output their thoughts\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:65 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md msgid "" "```toml\n" "[package]\n" @@ -19785,7 +19522,7 @@ msgid "" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:3 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It " @@ -19798,7 +19535,7 @@ msgstr "" "linki na stronie są prawidłowe. Powinno rekurencyjnie sprawdzaj inne strony " "w tej samej domenie i rób to, aż wszystkie strony zostały zweryfikowane." -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:8 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/" @@ -19807,16 +19544,7 @@ msgstr "" "Do tego potrzebny będzie klient HTTP, taki jak [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/" "reqwest/). Stwórz nowy Projekt Cargo i `reqwest` jako zależność z:" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:11 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo new link-checker\n" -"cd link-checker\n" -"cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:17 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the " @@ -19826,7 +19554,7 @@ msgstr "" "subcommand`, edytuj Plik `Cargo.toml` ręcznie. Dodaj zależności wymienione " "poniżej." -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:20 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`](https://docs." @@ -19835,15 +19563,7 @@ msgstr "" "Będziesz także potrzebował sposobu na znalezienie linków. Możemy do tego " "użyć [`scraper`](https://docs.rs/scraper/):" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:22 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo add scraper\n" -"```" -msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:26 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`]" @@ -19852,15 +19572,7 @@ msgstr "" "Na koniec będziemy potrzebować jakiegoś sposobu obsługi błędów. Używamy " "[`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) dla To:" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:29 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo add thiserror\n" -"```" -msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:33 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:" @@ -19868,7 +19580,7 @@ msgstr "" "Wywołania `cargo add` zaktualizują plik `Cargo.toml` tak, aby wyglądał " "następująco:" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:37 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "" "```toml\n" "[package]\n" @@ -19885,7 +19597,7 @@ msgid "" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:50 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as `https://" @@ -19894,94 +19606,55 @@ msgstr "" "Możesz teraz pobrać stronę startową. Spróbuj z małą witryną, taką jak " "`https://www.google.org/`." -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:53 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #, fuzzy msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:" msgstr "Twój plik `src/main.rs` powinien wyglądać mniej więcej tak:" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:57 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n" -"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n" -"use thiserror::Error;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n" -"enum Error {\n" -" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n" -" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n" -" #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n" -" BadResponse(String),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct CrawlCommand {\n" -" url: Url,\n" -" extract_links: bool,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> Result, " -"Error> {\n" -" println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n" -" let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n" -" if !response.status().is_success() {\n" -" return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n" -" if !command.extract_links {\n" -" return Ok(link_urls);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n" -" let body_text = response.text()?;\n" -" let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n" -"\n" -" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n" -" let href_values = document\n" -" .select(&selector)\n" -" .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n" -" for href in href_values {\n" -" match base_url.join(href) {\n" -" Ok(link_url) => {\n" -" link_urls.push(link_url);\n" -" }\n" -" Err(err) => {\n" -" println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: " -"{err}\");\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(link_urls)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let client = Client::new();\n" -" let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n" -" let crawl_command = CrawlCommand{ url: start_url, extract_links: " -"true };\n" -" match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) {\n" -" Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "\"request error: {0}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:120 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "\"bad http response: {0}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "\"Checking {:#}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "\"href\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: {err}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "\"https://www.google.org\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md +msgid "\"Links: {links:#?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md +msgid "\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #, fuzzy msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with" msgstr "Uruchom kod w `src/main.rs` za pomocą" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:122 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo run\n" -"```" -msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:128 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a " @@ -19991,7 +19664,7 @@ msgstr "" "sprawdzenia do a channel i pozwól kilku wątkom równolegle sprawdzać adresy " "URL." -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:130 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the `www.google." @@ -20002,12 +19675,69 @@ msgstr "" "witrynie domena `www.google.org`. Ustaw górny limit 100 stron lub tak, abyś " "mógł nie zostań zablokowany przez witrynę." -#: src/async.md:1 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Concurrency Morning Exercise" +msgstr "Dzień 3 Poranna gimnastyka" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))" +msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](dining-philosophers.md))" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "\"{} is trying to eat\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "" +"// To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n" +" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n" +" // either of them.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "\"{thought}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Link Checker" +msgstr "Wielowątkowe narzędzie do sprawdzania linków" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "([back to exercise](link-checker.md))" +msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](luhn.md))" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "" +"/// Determine whether links within the given page should be extracted.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "" +"/// Mark the given page as visited, returning false if it had already\n" +" /// been visited.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "// The sender got dropped. No more commands coming in.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "\"Got crawling error: {:#}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md +msgid "\"Bad URLs: {:#?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async.md #, fuzzy msgid "Async Rust" msgstr "Dlaczego Rust?" -#: src/async.md:3 +#: src/async.md msgid "" "\"Async\" is a concurrency model where multiple tasks are executed " "concurrently by executing each task until it would block, then switching to " @@ -20017,115 +19747,89 @@ msgid "" "primitives for efficiently identifying I/O that is able to proceed." msgstr "" -#: src/async.md:10 +#: src/async.md msgid "" "Rust's asynchronous operation is based on \"futures\", which represent work " "that may be completed in the future. Futures are \"polled\" until they " "signal that they are complete." msgstr "" -#: src/async.md:14 +#: src/async.md msgid "" "Futures are polled by an async runtime, and several different runtimes are " "available." msgstr "" -#: src/async.md:17 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Comparisons" -msgstr "Porównanie" - -#: src/async.md:19 +#: src/async.md msgid "" "Python has a similar model in its `asyncio`. However, its `Future` type is " "callback-based, and not polled. Async Python programs require a \"loop\", " "similar to a runtime in Rust." msgstr "" -#: src/async.md:23 +#: src/async.md msgid "" "JavaScript's `Promise` is similar, but again callback-based. The language " "runtime implements the event loop, so many of the details of Promise " "resolution are hidden." msgstr "" -#: src/async/async-await.md:1 -msgid "`async`/`await`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/async-await.md:3 +#: src/async/async-await.md msgid "" "At a high level, async Rust code looks very much like \"normal\" sequential " "code:" msgstr "" -#: src/async/async-await.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use futures::executor::block_on;\n" -"\n" -"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n" -" for i in 1..=count {\n" -" println!(\"Count is: {i}!\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"async fn async_main(count: i32) {\n" -" count_to(count).await;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" block_on(async_main(10));\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/async/async-await.md +msgid "\"Count is: {i}!\"" msgstr "" -#: src/async/async-await.md:27 +#: src/async/async-await.md msgid "" "Note that this is a simplified example to show the syntax. There is no long " "running operation or any real concurrency in it!" msgstr "" -#: src/async/async-await.md:30 +#: src/async/async-await.md #, fuzzy msgid "What is the return type of an async call?" msgstr "Jaki jest typ słowa w każdej pętli?" -#: src/async/async-await.md:31 +#: src/async/async-await.md msgid "Use `let future: () = async_main(10);` in `main` to see the type." msgstr "" -#: src/async/async-await.md:33 +#: src/async/async-await.md msgid "" "The \"async\" keyword is syntactic sugar. The compiler replaces the return " -"type with a future. " +"type with a future." msgstr "" -#: src/async/async-await.md:36 +#: src/async/async-await.md msgid "" "You cannot make `main` async, without additional instructions to the " "compiler on how to use the returned future." msgstr "" -#: src/async/async-await.md:39 +#: src/async/async-await.md msgid "" "You need an executor to run async code. `block_on` blocks the current thread " -"until the provided future has run to completion. " +"until the provided future has run to completion." msgstr "" -#: src/async/async-await.md:42 +#: src/async/async-await.md msgid "" "`.await` asynchronously waits for the completion of another operation. " "Unlike `block_on`, `.await` doesn't block the current thread." msgstr "" -#: src/async/async-await.md:45 +#: src/async/async-await.md msgid "" "`.await` can only be used inside an `async` function (or block; these are " -"introduced later). " +"introduced later)." msgstr "" -#: src/async/futures.md:3 +#: src/async/futures.md msgid "" "[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html) is a " "trait, implemented by objects that represent an operation that may not be " @@ -20133,26 +19837,7 @@ msgid "" "doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)." msgstr "" -#: src/async/futures.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"use std::pin::Pin;\n" -"use std::task::Context;\n" -"\n" -"pub trait Future {\n" -" type Output;\n" -" fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub enum Poll {\n" -" Ready(T),\n" -" Pending,\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/futures.md:23 +#: src/async/futures.md msgid "" "An async function returns an `impl Future`. It's also possible (but " "uncommon) to implement `Future` for your own types. For example, the " @@ -20160,76 +19845,76 @@ msgid "" "joining to it." msgstr "" -#: src/async/futures.md:27 +#: src/async/futures.md msgid "" "The `.await` keyword, applied to a Future, causes the current async function " "to pause until that Future is ready, and then evaluates to its output." msgstr "" -#: src/async/futures.md:32 +#: src/async/futures.md msgid "" "The `Future` and `Poll` types are implemented exactly as shown; click the " "links to show the implementations in the docs." msgstr "" -#: src/async/futures.md:35 +#: src/async/futures.md msgid "" "We will not get to `Pin` and `Context`, as we will focus on writing async " "code, rather than building new async primitives. Briefly:" msgstr "" -#: src/async/futures.md:38 +#: src/async/futures.md msgid "" "`Context` allows a Future to schedule itself to be polled again when an " "event occurs." msgstr "" -#: src/async/futures.md:41 +#: src/async/futures.md msgid "" "`Pin` ensures that the Future isn't moved in memory, so that pointers into " "that future remain valid. This is required to allow references to remain " "valid after an `.await`." msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes.md:3 +#: src/async/runtimes.md msgid "" "A _runtime_ provides support for performing operations asynchronously (a " "_reactor_) and is responsible for executing futures (an _executor_). Rust " "does not have a \"built-in\" runtime, but several options are available:" msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes.md:7 +#: src/async/runtimes.md msgid "" "[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/): performant, with a well-developed ecosystem of " "functionality like [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) for HTTP or [Tonic](https://" "github.com/hyperium/tonic) for gRPC." msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes.md:10 +#: src/async/runtimes.md msgid "" "[async-std](https://async.rs/): aims to be a \"std for async\", and includes " "a basic runtime in `async::task`." msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes.md:12 +#: src/async/runtimes.md msgid "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/): simple and lightweight" msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes.md:14 +#: src/async/runtimes.md msgid "" "Several larger applications have their own runtimes. For example, [Fuchsia]" "(https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/fuchsia-" "async/src/lib.rs) already has one." msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes.md:20 +#: src/async/runtimes.md msgid "" "Note that of the listed runtimes, only Tokio is supported in the Rust " "playground. The playground also does not permit any I/O, so most interesting " "async things can't run in the playground." msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes.md:24 +#: src/async/runtimes.md msgid "" "Futures are \"inert\" in that they do not do anything (not even start an I/O " "operation) unless there is an executor polling them. This differs from JS " @@ -20237,82 +19922,66 @@ msgid "" "used." msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:4 -msgid "Tokio provides: " +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md +msgid "Tokio provides:" msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:6 +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "A multi-threaded runtime for executing asynchronous code." msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:7 +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "An asynchronous version of the standard library." msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:8 +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "A large ecosystem of libraries." msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:10 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use tokio::time;\n" -"\n" -"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n" -" for i in 1..=count {\n" -" println!(\"Count in task: {i}!\");\n" -" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" tokio::spawn(count_to(10));\n" -"\n" -" for i in 1..5 {\n" -" println!(\"Main task: {i}\");\n" -" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md +msgid "\"Count in task: {i}!\"" msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:33 +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md +msgid "\"Main task: {i}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "With the `tokio::main` macro we can now make `main` async." msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:35 +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "The `spawn` function creates a new, concurrent \"task\"." msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:37 +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "Note: `spawn` takes a `Future`, you don't call `.await` on `count_to`." msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:39 +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "**Further exploration:**" msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:41 +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "" "Why does `count_to` not (usually) get to 10? This is an example of async " "cancellation. `tokio::spawn` returns a handle which can be awaited to wait " "until it finishes." msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:45 +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "Try `count_to(10).await` instead of spawning." msgstr "" -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:47 +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "Try awaiting the task returned from `tokio::spawn`." msgstr "" -#: src/async/tasks.md:3 +#: src/async/tasks.md msgid "Rust has a task system, which is a form of lightweight threading." msgstr "" -#: src/async/tasks.md:5 +#: src/async/tasks.md msgid "" "A task has a single top-level future which the executor polls to make " "progress. That future may have one or more nested futures that its `poll` " @@ -20321,210 +19990,171 @@ msgid "" "and an I/O operation." msgstr "" -#: src/async/tasks.md:10 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use tokio::io::{self, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};\n" -"use tokio::net::TcpListener;\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {\n" -" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:6142\").await?;\n" -"\tprintln!(\"listening on port 6142\");\n" -"\n" -" loop {\n" -" let (mut socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"connection from {addr:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" -" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(b\"Who are you?\\n\").await {\n" -" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" -" return;\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let mut buf = vec![0; 1024];\n" -" let reply = match socket.read(&mut buf).await {\n" -" Ok(n) => {\n" -" let name = std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..n]).unwrap()." -"trim();\n" -" format!(\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\")\n" -" }\n" -" Err(e) => {\n" -" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" -" return;\n" -" }\n" -" };\n" -"\n" -" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(reply.as_bytes()).await {\n" -" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" -" }\n" -" });\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/async/tasks.md +msgid "\"127.0.0.1:0\"" msgstr "" -#: src/async/tasks.md:52 src/async/control-flow/join.md:36 +#: src/async/tasks.md +msgid "\"listening on port {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md +msgid "\"connection from {addr:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md +msgid "b\"Who are you?\\n\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md +msgid "\"socket error\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md +msgid "\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "" "Copy this example into your prepared `src/main.rs` and run it from there." msgstr "" -#: src/async/tasks.md:54 +#: src/async/tasks.md +msgid "" +"Try connecting to it with a TCP connection tool like [nc](https://www.unix." +"com/man-page/linux/1/nc/) or [telnet](https://www.unix.com/man-page/linux/1/" +"telnet/)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md msgid "" "Ask students to visualize what the state of the example server would be with " "a few connected clients. What tasks exist? What are their Futures?" msgstr "" -#: src/async/tasks.md:57 +#: src/async/tasks.md msgid "" "This is the first time we've seen an `async` block. This is similar to a " "closure, but does not take any arguments. Its return value is a Future, " -"similar to an `async fn`. " +"similar to an `async fn`." msgstr "" -#: src/async/tasks.md:61 +#: src/async/tasks.md msgid "" "Refactor the async block into a function, and improve the error handling " "using `?`." msgstr "" -#: src/async/channels.md:3 +#: src/async/channels.md msgid "" "Several crates have support for asynchronous channels. For instance `tokio`:" msgstr "" -#: src/async/channels.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n" -"\n" -"async fn ping_handler(mut input: Receiver<()>) {\n" -" let mut count: usize = 0;\n" -"\n" -" while let Some(_) = input.recv().await {\n" -" count += 1;\n" -" println!(\"Received {count} pings so far.\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"ping_handler complete\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" -" let ping_handler_task = tokio::spawn(ping_handler(receiver));\n" -" for i in 0..10 {\n" -" sender.send(()).await.expect(\"Failed to send ping.\");\n" -" println!(\"Sent {} pings so far.\", i + 1);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" drop(sender);\n" -" ping_handler_task.await.expect(\"Something went wrong in ping handler " -"task.\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/async/channels.md +msgid "\"Received {count} pings so far.\"" msgstr "" -#: src/async/channels.md:35 +#: src/async/channels.md +msgid "\"ping_handler complete\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/channels.md +msgid "\"Failed to send ping.\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/channels.md +msgid "\"Sent {} pings so far.\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/channels.md +msgid "\"Something went wrong in ping handler task.\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/channels.md msgid "Change the channel size to `3` and see how it affects the execution." msgstr "" -#: src/async/channels.md:37 +#: src/async/channels.md msgid "" "Overall, the interface is similar to the `sync` channels as seen in the " "[morning class](concurrency/channels.md)." msgstr "" -#: src/async/channels.md:40 +#: src/async/channels.md msgid "Try removing the `std::mem::drop` call. What happens? Why?" msgstr "" -#: src/async/channels.md:42 +#: src/async/channels.md msgid "" "The [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) crate has channels that " "implement both `sync` and `async` `send` and `recv`. This can be convenient " "for complex applications with both IO and heavy CPU processing tasks." msgstr "" -#: src/async/channels.md:46 +#: src/async/channels.md msgid "" "What makes working with `async` channels preferable is the ability to " "combine them with other `future`s to combine them and create complex control " "flow." msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow.md:1 +#: src/async/control-flow.md #, fuzzy msgid "Futures Control Flow" msgstr "Kontrola przepływu" -#: src/async/control-flow.md:3 +#: src/async/control-flow.md msgid "" "Futures can be combined together to produce concurrent compute flow graphs. " "We have already seen tasks, that function as independent threads of " "execution." msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow.md:6 +#: src/async/control-flow.md msgid "[Join](control-flow/join.md)" msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow.md:7 +#: src/async/control-flow.md msgid "[Select](control-flow/select.md)" msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:3 +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "" "A join operation waits until all of a set of futures are ready, and returns " "a collection of their results. This is similar to `Promise.all` in " "JavaScript or `asyncio.gather` in Python." msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use anyhow::Result;\n" -"use futures::future;\n" -"use reqwest;\n" -"use std::collections::HashMap;\n" -"\n" -"async fn size_of_page(url: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let resp = reqwest::get(url).await?;\n" -" Ok(resp.text().await?.len())\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" let urls: [&str; 4] = [\n" -" \"https://google.com\",\n" -" \"https://httpbin.org/ip\",\n" -" \"https://play.rust-lang.org/\",\n" -" \"BAD_URL\",\n" -" ];\n" -" let futures_iter = urls.into_iter().map(size_of_page);\n" -" let results = future::join_all(futures_iter).await;\n" -" let page_sizes_dict: HashMap<&str, Result> =\n" -" urls.into_iter().zip(results.into_iter()).collect();\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", page_sizes_dict);\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md +msgid "\"https://google.com\"" msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:38 +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md +msgid "\"https://httpbin.org/ip\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md +msgid "\"https://play.rust-lang.org/\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md +msgid "\"BAD_URL\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "" "For multiple futures of disjoint types, you can use `std::future::join!` but " "you must know how many futures you will have at compile time. This is " "currently in the `futures` crate, soon to be stabilised in `std::future`." msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:42 +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "" "The risk of `join` is that one of the futures may never resolve, this would " -"cause your program to stall. " +"cause your program to stall." msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:45 +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "" "You can also combine `join_all` with `join!` for instance to join all " "requests to an http service as well as a database query. Try adding a " @@ -20533,7 +20163,7 @@ msgid "" "demonstrates `join!`." msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:3 +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "" "A select operation waits until any of a set of futures is ready, and " "responds to that future's result. In JavaScript, this is similar to `Promise." @@ -20541,101 +20171,76 @@ msgid "" "FIRST_COMPLETED)`." msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:8 +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "" "Similar to a match statement, the body of `select!` has a number of arms, " -"each of the form `pattern = future => statement`. When the `future` is " -"ready, the `statement` is executed with the variables in `pattern` bound to " -"the `future`'s result." +"each of the form `pattern = future => statement`. When a `future` is ready, " +"its return value is destructured by the `pattern`. The `statement` is then " +"run with the resulting variables. The `statement` result becomes the result " +"of the `select!` macro." msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:13 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n" -"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\n" -"enum Animal {\n" -" Cat { name: String },\n" -" Dog { name: String },\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"async fn first_animal_to_finish_race(\n" -" mut cat_rcv: Receiver,\n" -" mut dog_rcv: Receiver,\n" -") -> Option {\n" -" tokio::select! {\n" -" cat_name = cat_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Cat { name: cat_name? }),\n" -" dog_name = dog_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Dog { name: dog_name? })\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" let (cat_sender, cat_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" -" let (dog_sender, dog_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" -" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" -" sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;\n" -" cat_sender\n" -" .send(String::from(\"Felix\"))\n" -" .await\n" -" .expect(\"Failed to send cat.\");\n" -" });\n" -" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" -" sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await;\n" -" dog_sender\n" -" .send(String::from(\"Rex\"))\n" -" .await\n" -" .expect(\"Failed to send dog.\");\n" -" });\n" -"\n" -" let winner = first_animal_to_finish_race(cat_receiver, dog_receiver)\n" -" .await\n" -" .expect(\"Failed to receive winner\");\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Winner is {winner:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md +msgid "\"Felix\"" msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:62 +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md +msgid "\"Failed to send cat.\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md +msgid "\"Rex\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md +msgid "\"Failed to send dog.\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md +msgid "\"Failed to receive winner\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md +msgid "\"Winner is {winner:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "" "In this example, we have a race between a cat and a dog. " "`first_animal_to_finish_race` listens to both channels and will pick " "whichever arrives first. Since the dog takes 50ms, it wins against the cat " -"that take 500ms seconds." +"that take 500ms." msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:67 +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "" "You can use `oneshot` channels in this example as the channels are supposed " "to receive only one `send`." msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:70 +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "" "Try adding a deadline to the race, demonstrating selecting different sorts " "of futures." msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:73 +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "" "Note that `select!` drops unmatched branches, which cancels their futures. " "It is easiest to use when every execution of `select!` creates new futures." msgstr "" -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:76 +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "" "An alternative is to pass `&mut future` instead of the future itself, but " "this can lead to issues, further discussed in the pinning slide." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls.md:1 +#: src/async/pitfalls.md msgid "Pitfalls of async/await" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls.md:3 +#: src/async/pitfalls.md msgid "" "Async / await provides convenient and efficient abstraction for concurrent " "asynchronous programming. However, the async/await model in Rust also comes " @@ -20643,27 +20248,27 @@ msgid "" "chapter:" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls.md:5 +#: src/async/pitfalls.md msgid "[Blocking the Executor](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls.md:6 +#: src/async/pitfalls.md msgid "[Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls.md:7 +#: src/async/pitfalls.md msgid "[Async Traits](pitfalls/async-traits.md)" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls.md:8 +#: src/async/pitfalls.md msgid "[Cancellation](pitfalls/cancellation.md)" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:1 +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "Blocking the executor" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:3 +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "" "Most async runtimes only allow IO tasks to run concurrently. This means that " "CPU blocking tasks will block the executor and prevent other tasks from " @@ -20671,54 +20276,39 @@ msgid "" "possible." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use futures::future::join_all;\n" -"use std::time::Instant;\n" -"\n" -"async fn sleep_ms(start: &Instant, id: u64, duration_ms: u64) {\n" -" std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(duration_ms));\n" -" println!(\n" -" \"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\",\n" -" start.elapsed().as_millis()\n" -" );\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main(flavor = \"current_thread\")]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" let start = Instant::now();\n" -" let sleep_futures = (1..=10).map(|t| sleep_ms(&start, t, t * 10));\n" -" join_all(sleep_futures).await;\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md +msgid "\"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\"" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:29 +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md +msgid "\"current_thread\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "" "Run the code and see that the sleeps happen consecutively rather than " "concurrently." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:32 +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "" "The `\"current_thread\"` flavor puts all tasks on a single thread. This " "makes the effect more obvious, but the bug is still present in the multi-" "threaded flavor." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:36 +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "" "Switch the `std::thread::sleep` to `tokio::time::sleep` and await its result." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:38 +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "" "Another fix would be to `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` which spawns an actual " "thread and transforms its handle into a future without blocking the executor." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:41 +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "" "You should not think of tasks as OS threads. They do not map 1 to 1 and most " "executors will allow many tasks to run on a single OS thread. This is " @@ -20728,161 +20318,146 @@ msgid "" "situations." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:47 +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "" "Use sync mutexes with care. Holding a mutex over an `.await` may cause " "another task to block, and that task may be running on the same thread." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:3 +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" -"When you await a future, all local variables (that would ordinarily be " -"stored on a stack frame) are instead stored in the Future for the current " -"async block. If your future has pointers to data on the stack, those " -"pointers might get invalidated. This is unsafe." +"Async blocks and functions return types implementing the `Future` trait. The " +"type returned is the result of a compiler transformation which turns local " +"variables into data stored inside the future." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:8 +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" -"Therefore, you must guarantee that the addresses your future points to don't " -"change. That is why we need to `pin` futures. Using the same future " -"repeatedly in a `select!` often leads to issues with pinned values." +"Some of those variables can hold pointers to other local variables. Because " +"of that, the future should never be moved to a different memory location, as " +"it would invalidate those pointers." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:12 +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md +msgid "" +"To prevent moving the future type in memory, it can only be polled through a " +"pinned pointer. `Pin` is a wrapper around a reference that disallows all " +"operations that would move the instance it points to into a different memory " +"location." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};\n" -"use tokio::task::spawn;\n" -"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" -"\n" "// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond\n" "// with a message on the `respond_on` channel.\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Work {\n" -" input: u32,\n" -" respond_on: oneshot::Sender,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n" -"async fn worker(mut work_queue: mpsc::Receiver) {\n" -" let mut iterations = 0;\n" -" loop {\n" -" tokio::select! {\n" -" Some(work) = work_queue.recv() => {\n" -" sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await; // Pretend to work.\n" -" work.respond_on\n" -" .send(work.input * 1000)\n" -" .expect(\"failed to send response\");\n" -" iterations += 1;\n" -" }\n" -" // TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n" -"async fn do_work(work_queue: &mpsc::Sender, input: u32) -> u32 {\n" -" let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();\n" -" work_queue\n" -" .send(Work {\n" -" input,\n" -" respond_on: tx,\n" -" })\n" -" .await\n" -" .expect(\"failed to send on work queue\");\n" -" rx.await.expect(\"failed waiting for response\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n" -" spawn(worker(rx));\n" -" for i in 0..100 {\n" -" let resp = do_work(&tx, i).await;\n" -" println!(\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:68 +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md +msgid "// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md +msgid "// Pretend to work.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md +msgid "\"failed to send response\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md +msgid "// TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md +msgid "// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md +msgid "\"failed to send on work queue\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md +msgid "\"failed waiting for response\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md +msgid "\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "You may recognize this as an example of the actor pattern. Actors typically " "call `select!` in a loop." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:71 +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "This serves as a summation of a few of the previous lessons, so take your " "time with it." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:74 +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "Naively add a `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }` to " "the `select!`. This will never execute. Why?" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:77 +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "Instead, add a `timeout_fut` containing that future outside of the `loop`:" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:79 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"let mut timeout_fut = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" -"loop {\n" -" select! {\n" -" ..,\n" -" _ = timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:88 +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "This still doesn't work. Follow the compiler errors, adding `&mut` to the " "`timeout_fut` in the `select!` to work around the move, then using `Box::" "pin`:" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:92 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"let mut timeout_fut = Box::pin(sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)));\n" -"loop {\n" -" select! {\n" -" ..,\n" -" _ = &mut timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:102 +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "This compiles, but once the timeout expires it is `Poll::Ready` on every " "iteration (a fused future would help with this). Update to reset " "`timeout_fut` every time it expires." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:106 +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "Box allocates on the heap. In some cases, `std::pin::pin!` (only recently " "stabilized, with older code often using `tokio::pin!`) is also an option, " "but that is difficult to use for a future that is reassigned." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:110 +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "Another alternative is to not use `pin` at all but spawn another task that " "will send to a `oneshot` channel every 100ms." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:3 +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md +msgid "" +"Data that contains pointers to itself is called self-referential. Normally, " +"the Rust borrow checker would prevent self-referential data from being " +"moved, as the references cannot outlive the data they point to. However, the " +"code transformation for async blocks and functions is not verified by the " +"borrow checker." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md +msgid "" +"`Pin` is a wrapper around a reference. An object cannot be moved from its " +"place using a pinned pointer. However, it can still be moved through an " +"unpinned pointer." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md +msgid "" +"The `poll` method of the `Future` trait uses `Pin<&mut Self>` instead of " +"`&mut Self` to refer to the instance. That's why it can only be called on a " +"pinned pointer." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md msgid "" "Async methods in traits are not yet supported in the stable channel ([An " "experimental feature exists in nightly and should be stabilized in the mid " @@ -20890,65 +20465,27 @@ msgid "" "nightly.html))" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:5 +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md msgid "" "The crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) " "provides a workaround through a macro:" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use async_trait::async_trait;\n" -"use std::time::Instant;\n" -"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" -"\n" -"#[async_trait]\n" -"trait Sleeper {\n" -" async fn sleep(&self);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct FixedSleeper {\n" -" sleep_ms: u64,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[async_trait]\n" -"impl Sleeper for FixedSleeper {\n" -" async fn sleep(&self) {\n" -" sleep(Duration::from_millis(self.sleep_ms)).await;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"async fn run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers: Vec>, " -"n_times: usize) {\n" -" for _ in 0..n_times {\n" -" println!(\"running all sleepers..\");\n" -" for sleeper in &sleepers {\n" -" let start = Instant::now();\n" -" sleeper.sleep().await;\n" -" println!(\"slept for {}ms\", start.elapsed().as_millis());\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" let sleepers: Vec> = vec![\n" -" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 50 }),\n" -" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 100 }),\n" -" ];\n" -" run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers, 5).await;\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md +msgid "\"running all sleepers..\"" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:51 +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md +msgid "\"slept for {}ms\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md msgid "" "`async_trait` is easy to use, but note that it's using heap allocations to " "achieve this. This heap allocation has performance overhead." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:54 +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md msgid "" "The challenges in language support for `async trait` are deep Rust and " "probably not worth describing in-depth. Niko Matsakis did a good job of " @@ -20957,13 +20494,13 @@ msgid "" "digging deeper." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:60 +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md msgid "" "Try creating a new sleeper struct that will sleep for a random amount of " "time and adding it to the Vec." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:3 +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "Dropping a future implies it can never be polled again. This is called " "_cancellation_ and it can occur at any `await` point. Care is needed to " @@ -20971,177 +20508,101 @@ msgid "" "example, it shouldn't deadlock or lose data." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::io::{self, ErrorKind};\n" -"use std::time::Duration;\n" -"use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, DuplexStream};\n" -"\n" -"struct LinesReader {\n" -" stream: DuplexStream,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl LinesReader {\n" -" fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n" -" Self { stream }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result> {\n" -" let mut bytes = Vec::new();\n" -" let mut buf = [0];\n" -" while self.stream.read(&mut buf[..]).await? != 0 {\n" -" bytes.push(buf[0]);\n" -" if buf[0] == b'\\n' {\n" -" break;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" if bytes.is_empty() {\n" -" return Ok(None)\n" -" }\n" -" let s = String::from_utf8(bytes)\n" -" .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, \"not " -"UTF-8\"))?;\n" -" Ok(Some(s))\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"async fn slow_copy(source: String, mut dest: DuplexStream) -> std::io::" -"Result<()> {\n" -" for b in source.bytes() {\n" -" dest.write_u8(b).await?;\n" -" tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {\n" -" let (client, server) = tokio::io::duplex(5);\n" -" let handle = tokio::spawn(slow_copy(\"hi\\nthere\\n\".to_owned(), " -"client));\n" -"\n" -" let mut lines = LinesReader::new(server);\n" -" let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_millis(60));\n" -" loop {\n" -" tokio::select! {\n" -" _ = interval.tick() => println!(\"tick!\"),\n" -" line = lines.next() => if let Some(l) = line? {\n" -" print!(\"{}\", l)\n" -" } else {\n" -" break\n" -" },\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" handle.await.unwrap()?;\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md +msgid "\"not UTF-8\"" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:72 +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md +msgid "\"hi\\nthere\\n\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md +msgid "\"tick!\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "The compiler doesn't help with cancellation-safety. You need to read API " "documentation and consider what state your `async fn` holds." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:75 +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "Unlike `panic` and `?`, cancellation is part of normal control flow (vs " "error-handling)." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:78 +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "The example loses parts of the string." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:80 +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "Whenever the `tick()` branch finishes first, `next()` and its `buf` are " "dropped." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:82 +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" -"`LinesReader` can be made cancellation-safe by makeing `buf` part of the " +"`LinesReader` can be made cancellation-safe by making `buf` part of the " "struct:" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:83 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"struct LinesReader {\n" -" stream: DuplexStream,\n" -" bytes: Vec,\n" -" buf: [u8; 1],\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl LinesReader {\n" -" fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n" -" Self { stream, bytes: Vec::new(), buf: [0] }\n" -" }\n" -" async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result> {\n" -" // prefix buf and bytes with self.\n" -" // ...\n" -" let raw = std::mem::take(&mut self.bytes);\n" -" let s = String::from_utf8(raw)\n" -" // ...\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md +msgid "// prefix buf and bytes with self.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:104 +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "[`Interval::tick`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/time/struct.Interval." "html#method.tick) is cancellation-safe because it keeps track of whether a " "tick has been 'delivered'." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:107 +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "[`AsyncReadExt::read`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait." "AsyncReadExt.html#method.read) is cancellation-safe because it either " "returns or doesn't read data." msgstr "" -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:110 +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "[`AsyncBufReadExt::read_line`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait." "AsyncBufReadExt.html#method.read_line) is similar to the example and _isn't_ " "cancellation-safe. See its documentation for details and alternatives." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:3 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md msgid "" "To practice your Async Rust skills, we have again two exercises for you:" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:5 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md msgid "" "Dining philosophers: we already saw this problem in the morning. This time " "you are going to implement it with Async Rust." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:8 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md msgid "" "A Broadcast Chat Application: this is a larger project that allows you " "experiment with more advanced Async Rust features." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:1 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:3 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md #, fuzzy -msgid "Dining Philosophers - Async" +msgid "Dining Philosophers --- Async" msgstr "Ucztujący filozofowie" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:3 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "" "See [dining philosophers](dining-philosophers.md) for a description of the " "problem." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:6 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "As before, you will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-" @@ -21152,61 +20613,22 @@ msgstr "" "md) dla to ćwiczenie. Skopiuj poniższy kod do pliku `src/main.rs`, wypełnij " "puste pola, i sprawdź, czy `cargo run` nie powoduje impasu:" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:13 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use std::sync::Arc;\n" -"use tokio::time;\n" -"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n" -"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n" -"\n" -"struct Fork;\n" -"\n" -"struct Philosopher {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" // left_fork: ...\n" -" // right_fork: ...\n" -" // thoughts: ...\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Philosopher {\n" -" async fn think(&self) {\n" -" self.thoughts\n" -" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))." -"await\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" async fn eat(&self) {\n" -" // Pick up forks...\n" -" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" -" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" -" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" // Create forks\n" -"\n" -" // Create philosophers\n" -"\n" -" // Make them think and eat\n" -"\n" -" // Output their thoughts\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "// Make them think and eat\n" msgstr "" +"```\n" +"// Niech myślą i jedzą\n" +"```" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:57 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "" "Since this time you are using Async Rust, you'll need a `tokio` dependency. " "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:62 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "" "```toml\n" "[package]\n" @@ -21215,22 +20637,22 @@ msgid "" "edition = \"2021\"\n" "\n" "[dependencies]\n" -"tokio = {version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", " -"\"rt-multi-thread\"]}\n" +"tokio = { version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", " +"\"rt-multi-thread\"] }\n" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:72 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "" "Also note that this time you have to use the `Mutex` and the `mpsc` module " "from the `tokio` crate." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:77 -msgid "Can you make your implementation single-threaded? " +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md +msgid "Can you make your implementation single-threaded?" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:3 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "In this exercise, we want to use our new knowledge to implement a broadcast " "chat application. We have a chat server that the clients connect to and " @@ -21239,23 +20661,23 @@ msgid "" "that it receives to all the clients." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:9 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "For this, we use [a broadcast channel](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/" "sync/broadcast/fn.channel.html) on the server, and [`tokio_websockets`]" -"(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/tokio_websockets/) for the " -"communication between the client and the server." +"(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/) for the communication between the client " +"and the server." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:13 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "Create a new Cargo project and add the following dependencies:" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:15 -msgid "`Cargo.toml`:" +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md +msgid "_Cargo.toml_:" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:19 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "```toml\n" "[package]\n" @@ -21264,58 +20686,58 @@ msgid "" "edition = \"2021\"\n" "\n" "[dependencies]\n" -"futures-util = \"0.3.28\"\n" -"http = \"0.2.9\"\n" +"futures-util = { version = \"0.3.30\", features = [\"sink\"] }\n" +"http = \"1.0.0\"\n" "tokio = { version = \"1.28.1\", features = [\"full\"] }\n" -"tokio-websockets = \"0.3.2\"\n" +"tokio-websockets = { version = \"0.5.1\", features = [\"client\", " +"\"fastrand\", \"server\", \"sha1_smol\"] }\n" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:32 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "The required APIs" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:33 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "You are going to need the following functions from `tokio` and " -"[`tokio_websockets`](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/" -"tokio_websockets/). Spend a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the " -"API. " +"[`tokio_websockets`](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/). Spend a few minutes " +"to familiarize yourself with the API." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:37 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" -"[WebsocketStream::next()](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/" -"tokio_websockets/proto/struct.WebsocketStream.html#method.next): for " +"[StreamExt::next()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/stream/" +"trait.StreamExt.html#method.next) implemented by `WebSocketStream`: for " "asynchronously reading messages from a Websocket Stream." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:39 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "[SinkExt::send()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/sink/" -"trait.SinkExt.html#method.send) implemented by `WebsocketStream`: for " +"trait.SinkExt.html#method.send) implemented by `WebSocketStream`: for " "asynchronously sending messages on a Websocket Stream." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:41 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "[Lines::next_line()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/struct.Lines." "html#method.next_line): for asynchronously reading user messages from the " "standard input." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:43 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "[Sender::subscribe()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/broadcast/" "struct.Sender.html#method.subscribe): for subscribing to a broadcast channel." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:46 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md #, fuzzy msgid "Two binaries" msgstr "Binaria Rusta" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:48 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "Normally in a Cargo project, you can have only one binary, and one `src/main." "rs` file. In this project, we need two binaries. One for the client, and one " @@ -21323,138 +20745,86 @@ msgid "" "but we are going to put them in a single Cargo project with two binaries. " "For this to work, the client and the server code should go under `src/bin` " "(see the [documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/cargo-" -"targets.html#binaries)). " +"targets.html#binaries))." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:55 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "Copy the following server and client code into `src/bin/server.rs` and `src/" "bin/client.rs`, respectively. Your task is to complete these files as " -"described below. " +"described below." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:59 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:123 -msgid "`src/bin/server.rs`:" +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "_src/bin/server.rs_:" +msgstr "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md +msgid "// TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:63 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n" -"use std::error::Error;\n" -"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n" -"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n" -"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n" -"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n" -"\n" -"async fn handle_connection(\n" -" addr: SocketAddr,\n" -" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream,\n" -" bcast_tx: Sender,\n" -") -> Result<(), Box> {\n" -"\n" -" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n" -"\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" -" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n" -"\n" -" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n" -" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n" -"\n" -" loop {\n" -" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" -" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n" -" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n" -" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" -" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n" -" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n" -"\n" -" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n" -" });\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"127.0.0.1:2000\"" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:102 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:208 -msgid "`src/bin/client.rs`:" +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"listening on port 2000\"" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:106 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n" -"use http::Uri;\n" -"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n" -"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n" -" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::" -"from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n" -" .connect()\n" -" .await?;\n" -"\n" -" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n" -" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n" -"\n" -"\n" -" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n" -"\n" -"}\n" -"```" +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"New connection from {addr:?}\"" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:127 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "// Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "_src/bin/client.rs_:" +msgstr "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md #, fuzzy msgid "Running the binaries" msgstr "Prowadzenie kursu" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:128 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "Run the server with:" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:130 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo run --bin server\n" -"```" -msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:134 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "and the client with:" msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:136 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo run --bin client\n" -"```" -msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:142 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "Implement the `handle_connection` function in `src/bin/server.rs`." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:143 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "Hint: Use `tokio::select!` for concurrently performing two tasks in a " "continuous loop. One task receives messages from the client and broadcasts " "them. The other sends messages received by the server to the client." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:146 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "Complete the main function in `src/bin/client.rs`." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:147 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "Hint: As before, use `tokio::select!` in a continuous loop for concurrently " "performing two tasks: (1) reading user messages from standard input and " @@ -21462,13 +20832,76 @@ msgid "" "displaying them for the user." msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:151 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "Optional: Once you are done, change the code to broadcast messages to all " "clients, but the sender of the message." msgstr "" -#: src/thanks.md:3 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "Concurrency Afternoon Exercise" +msgstr "Dzień 1 Ćwiczenia popołudniowe" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))" +msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](dining-philosophers.md))" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "" +"// Add a delay before picking the second fork to allow the execution\n" +" // to transfer to another task\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "// The locks are dropped here\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "" +"// To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n" +" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n" +" // either of them.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "// tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"Here is a thought: {thought}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +#, fuzzy +msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))" +msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](luhn.md))" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "" +"// A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) receiving\n" +" // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n" +" // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"From client {addr:?} {text:?}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "// Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md +msgid "\"From server: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/thanks.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and " @@ -21477,7 +20910,7 @@ msgstr "" "_Dziękujemy za skorzystanie z Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ Mamy nadzieję, że Ci " "się podobało i że tak było przydatne." -#: src/thanks.md:6 +#: src/thanks.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not " @@ -21490,11 +20923,468 @@ msgstr "" "z nami na GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). " "Kochalibyśmy się usłyszeć od ciebie." -#: src/other-resources.md:1 +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"The following is a glossary which aims to give a short definition of many " +"Rust terms. For translations, this also serves to connect the term back to " +"the English original." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"allocate: \n" +"Dynamic memory allocation on [the heap](memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"argument: \n" +"Information that is passed into a function or method." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"Bare-metal Rust: \n" +"Low-level Rust development, often deployed to a system without an operating " +"system. See [Bare-metal Rust](bare-metal.md)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"block: \n" +"See [Blocks](control-flow/blocks.md) and _scope_." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"borrow: \n" +"See [Borrowing](ownership/borrowing.md)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"borrow checker: \n" +"The part of the Rust compiler which checks that all borrows are valid." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"brace: \n" +"`{` and `}`. Also called _curly brace_, they delimit _blocks_." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"build: \n" +"The process of converting source code into executable code or a usable " +"program." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"call: \n" +"To invoke or execute a function or method." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"channel: \n" +"Used to safely pass messages [between threads](concurrency/channels.md)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"Comprehensive Rust 🦀: \n" +"The courses here are jointly called Comprehensive Rust 🦀." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"concurrency: \n" +"The execution of multiple tasks or processes at the same time." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"Concurrency in Rust: \n" +"See [Concurrency in Rust](concurrency.md)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"constant: \n" +"A value that does not change during the execution of a program." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"control flow: \n" +"The order in which the individual statements or instructions are executed in " +"a program." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"crash: \n" +"An unexpected and unhandled failure or termination of a program." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"enumeration: \n" +"A data type that holds one of several named constants, possibly with an " +"associated tuple or struct." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"error: \n" +"An unexpected condition or result that deviates from the expected behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"error handling: \n" +"The process of managing and responding to errors that occur during program " +"execution." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"exercise: \n" +"A task or problem designed to practice and test programming skills." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"function: \n" +"A reusable block of code that performs a specific task." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"garbage collector: \n" +"A mechanism that automatically frees up memory occupied by objects that are " +"no longer in use." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"generics: \n" +"A feature that allows writing code with placeholders for types, enabling " +"code reuse with different data types." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"immutable: \n" +"Unable to be changed after creation." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"integration test: \n" +"A type of test that verifies the interactions between different parts or " +"components of a system." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"keyword: \n" +"A reserved word in a programming language that has a specific meaning and " +"cannot be used as an identifier." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"library: \n" +"A collection of precompiled routines or code that can be used by programs." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"macro: \n" +"Rust macros can be recognized by a `!` in the name. Macros are used when " +"normal functions are not enough. A typical example is `format!`, which takes " +"a variable number of arguments, which isn't supported by Rust functions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"`main` function: \n" +"Rust programs start executing with the `main` function." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"match: \n" +"A control flow construct in Rust that allows for pattern matching on the " +"value of an expression." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"memory leak: \n" +"A situation where a program fails to release memory that is no longer " +"needed, leading to a gradual increase in memory usage." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"method: \n" +"A function associated with an object or a type in Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"module: \n" +"A namespace that contains definitions, such as functions, types, or traits, " +"to organize code in Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"move: \n" +"The transfer of ownership of a value from one variable to another in Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"mutable: \n" +"A property in Rust that allows variables to be modified after they have been " +"declared." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"ownership: \n" +"The concept in Rust that defines which part of the code is responsible for " +"managing the memory associated with a value." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"panic: \n" +"An unrecoverable error condition in Rust that results in the termination of " +"the program." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"parameter: \n" +"A value that is passed into a function or method when it is called." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"pattern: \n" +"A combination of values, literals, or structures that can be matched against " +"an expression in Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"payload: \n" +"The data or information carried by a message, event, or data structure." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"program: \n" +"A set of instructions that a computer can execute to perform a specific task " +"or solve a particular problem." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"programming language: \n" +"A formal system used to communicate instructions to a computer, such as Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"receiver: \n" +"The first parameter in a Rust method that represents the instance on which " +"the method is called." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"reference counting: \n" +"A memory management technique in which the number of references to an object " +"is tracked, and the object is deallocated when the count reaches zero." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"return: \n" +"A keyword in Rust used to indicate the value to be returned from a function." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"Rust: \n" +"A systems programming language that focuses on safety, performance, and " +"concurrency." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"Rust Fundamentals: \n" +"Days 1 to 3 of this course." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"Rust in Android: \n" +"See [Rust in Android](android.md)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"Rust in Chromium: \n" +"See [Rust in Chromium](chromium.md)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"safe: \n" +"Refers to code that adheres to Rust's ownership and borrowing rules, " +"preventing memory-related errors." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"scope: \n" +"The region of a program where a variable is valid and can be used." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"standard library: \n" +"A collection of modules providing essential functionality in Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"static: \n" +"A keyword in Rust used to define static variables or items with a `'static` " +"lifetime." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"string: \n" +"A data type storing textual data. See [`String` vs `str`](basic-syntax/" +"string-slices.html) for more." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"struct: \n" +"A composite data type in Rust that groups together variables of different " +"types under a single name." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"test: \n" +"A Rust module containing functions that test the correctness of other " +"functions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"thread: \n" +"A separate sequence of execution in a program, allowing concurrent execution." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"thread safety: \n" +"The property of a program that ensures correct behavior in a multithreaded " +"environment." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"trait: \n" +"A collection of methods defined for an unknown type, providing a way to " +"achieve polymorphism in Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"trait bound: \n" +"An abstraction where you can require types to implement some traits of your " +"interest." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"tuple: \n" +"A composite data type that contains variables of different types. Tuple " +"fields have no names, and are accessed by their ordinal numbers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"type: \n" +"A classification that specifies which operations can be performed on values " +"of a particular kind in Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"type inference: \n" +"The ability of the Rust compiler to deduce the type of a variable or " +"expression." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"undefined behavior: \n" +"Actions or conditions in Rust that have no specified result, often leading " +"to unpredictable program behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"union: \n" +"A data type that can hold values of different types but only one at a time." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"unit test: \n" +"Rust comes with built-in support for running small unit tests and larger " +"integration tests. See [Unit Tests](testing/unit-tests.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"unit type: \n" +"Type that holds no data, written as a tuple with no members." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"unsafe: \n" +"The subset of Rust which allows you to trigger _undefined behavior_. See " +"[Unsafe Rust](unsafe.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/glossary.md +msgid "" +"variable: \n" +"A memory location storing data. Variables are valid in a _scope_." +msgstr "" + +#: src/other-resources.md msgid "Other Rust Resources" msgstr "Inne źródła o Ruście" -#: src/other-resources.md:3 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources " @@ -21503,17 +21393,17 @@ msgstr "" "Społeczność Rust stworzyła bogactwo wysokiej jakości i bezpłatnych zasobów " "online." -#: src/other-resources.md:6 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "Official Documentation" msgstr "Oficjalna dokumentacja" -#: src/other-resources.md:8 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:" msgstr "Projekt Rust zawiera wiele zasobów. Obejmują one ogólnie Rusta:" -#: src/other-resources.md:10 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the " @@ -21524,7 +21414,7 @@ msgstr "" "darmowa książka o Rust. Szczegółowo omawia język i zawiera m.in kilka " "projektów dla ludzi do zbudowania." -#: src/other-resources.md:13 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the " @@ -21537,7 +21427,7 @@ msgstr "" "zawiera małe ćwiczenia, w których jesteś proszony o rozwinięcie kodu w " "przykłady." -#: src/other-resources.md:17 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full documentation " @@ -21546,7 +21436,7 @@ msgstr "" "[Biblioteka standardowa Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): pełna " "dokumentacja standardowa biblioteka dla Rusta." -#: src/other-resources.md:19 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete " @@ -21555,13 +21445,13 @@ msgstr "" "[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): niekompletna " "książka który opisuje gramatykę i model pamięci Rusta." -#: src/other-resources.md:22 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:" msgstr "" "Bardziej wyspecjalizowane przewodniki dostępne na oficjalnej stronie Rusta:" -#: src/other-resources.md:24 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe Rust, " @@ -21572,7 +21462,7 @@ msgstr "" "niebezpieczną Rust, w tym praca z surowymi wskaźnikami i łączenie z innymi " "językami (FFI)." -#: src/other-resources.md:27 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): " @@ -21583,7 +21473,7 @@ msgstr "" "book/): obejmuje nowy model programowania asynchronicznego, który został " "wprowadzony po Księga rdzy została napisana." -#: src/other-resources.md:30 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): " @@ -21594,17 +21484,17 @@ msgstr "" "wprowadzenie do używania Rusta na urządzeniach wbudowanych bez systemu " "operacyjnego." -#: src/other-resources.md:33 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "Unofficial Learning Material" msgstr "Nieoficjalny materiał do nauki" -#: src/other-resources.md:35 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:" msgstr "Niewielki wybór innych przewodników i samouczków dotyczących Rusta:" -#: src/other-resources.md:37 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust " @@ -21613,7 +21503,7 @@ msgstr "" "[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): obejmuje " "Rust z perspektywy niskopoziomowych programistów C." -#: src/other-resources.md:39 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Rust for Embedded C Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/" @@ -21624,7 +21514,7 @@ msgstr "" "rust_for_c/): obejmuje Rusta z perspektywa programistów, którzy piszą " "firmware w C." -#: src/other-resources.md:42 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): " @@ -21635,7 +21525,7 @@ msgstr "" "obejmuje składnię języka Rust przy użyciu porównań side-by-side z innymi " "językami takich jak C, C++, Java, JavaScript i Python." -#: src/other-resources.md:45 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to help " @@ -21644,7 +21534,7 @@ msgstr "" "[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): ponad 100 ćwiczeń, " "które pomogą uczysz się Rusta." -#: src/other-resources.md:47 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Ferrous Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-" @@ -21657,7 +21547,7 @@ msgstr "" "podstawową, jak i zaawansowaną część Język rdzy. Inne tematy, takie jak " "WebAssembly i asynchronizacja/oczekiwanie, również są pokryty." -#: src/other-resources.md:52 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Beginner's Series to Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-" @@ -21672,7 +21562,7 @@ msgstr "" "skierowane do nowych programistów. Pierwszy to zestaw 35 filmów i drugi to " "zestaw 11 modułów, który obejmuje składnię i podstawowe konstrukcje Rusta." -#: src/other-resources.md:58 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial." @@ -21684,7 +21574,7 @@ msgstr "" "zarządzania pamięcią Rust, poprzez implementację kilku różne rodzaje " "struktur list." -#: src/other-resources.md:63 +#: src/other-resources.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) " @@ -21693,7 +21583,7 @@ msgstr "" "Proszę zapoznać się z [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/" "book/) jeszcze więcej książek Rust." -#: src/credits.md:3 +#: src/credits.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust " @@ -21704,7 +21594,7 @@ msgstr "" "Zobacz stronę [inne zasoby](other-resources.md), aby uzyskać pełną listę " "przydatnych zasoby." -#: src/credits.md:7 +#: src/credits.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache " @@ -21715,12 +21605,12 @@ msgstr "" "licencji, zobacz [`LICENCJA`](../LICENCJA), aby uzyskać szczegółowe " "informacje." -#: src/credits.md:12 +#: src/credits.md #, fuzzy msgid "Rust by Example" msgstr "Rust by Example" -#: src/credits.md:14 +#: src/credits.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by " @@ -21733,12 +21623,12 @@ msgstr "" "Katalog `third_party/rust-by-example/` zawiera szczegółowe informacje, w tym " "licencję warunki." -#: src/credits.md:19 +#: src/credits.md #, fuzzy msgid "Rust on Exercism" msgstr "Rust on Exercism" -#: src/credits.md:21 +#: src/credits.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on Exercism](https://" @@ -21749,12 +21639,12 @@ msgstr "" "(https://exercism.org/tracks/rust). Proszę zobaczyć `third_party/rust-on-" "exercism/`, aby uzyskać szczegółowe informacje, w tym licencję warunki." -#: src/credits.md:26 +#: src/credits.md #, fuzzy msgid "CXX" msgstr "CXX" -#: src/credits.md:28 +#: src/credits.md #, fuzzy msgid "" "The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section " @@ -21766,2580 +21656,4613 @@ msgstr "" "`third_party/cxx/` aby uzyskać szczegółowe informacje, w tym warunki " "licencji." -#: src/exercises/solutions.md:3 +#~ msgid "Small Example" +#~ msgstr "Mały przykład" + +#~ msgid "Why Rust?" +#~ msgstr "Dlaczego Rust?" + +#~ msgid "Compile Time Guarantees" +#~ msgstr "Gwarancje w czasie kompilacji" + +#~ msgid "Runtime Guarantees" +#~ msgstr "Gwarancje podczas działania" + +#~ msgid "Modern Features" +#~ msgstr "Nowoczesne funkcjonalności" + +#~ msgid "Basic Syntax" +#~ msgstr "Podstawowa składnia" + +#~ msgid "String vs str" +#~ msgstr "String a str" + +#~ msgid "Overloading" +#~ msgstr "Przeciążenie" + +#~ msgid "Arrays and for Loops" +#~ msgstr "Tablice i pętle for" + +#~ msgid "if expressions" +#~ msgstr "Wyrażenia if" + +#~ msgid "for expressions" +#~ msgstr "Wyrażenia for" + +#~ msgid "while expressions" +#~ msgstr "Wyrażenia while" + +#~ msgid "break & continue" +#~ msgstr "break i continue" + +#~ msgid "loop expressions" +#~ msgstr "Wyrażenia loop" + +#~ msgid "Variant Payloads" +#~ msgstr "Dane w wariantach" + +#~ msgid "Enum Sizes" +#~ msgstr "Rozmiary wyliczeń" + #, fuzzy -msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages." -msgstr "Na kolejnych stronach znajdziesz rozwiązania ćwiczeń." +#~ msgid "Novel Control Flow" +#~ msgstr "Kontrola przepływu" + +#~ msgid "if let expressions" +#~ msgstr "Wyrażenia if let" + +#~ msgid "while let expressions" +#~ msgstr "Wyrażenia while let" + +#~ msgid "match expressions" +#~ msgstr "Wyrażenia match" + +#~ msgid "Destructuring Structs" +#~ msgstr "Destrukturyzacja struktur" + +#~ msgid "Destructuring Arrays" +#~ msgstr "Destrukturyzacja tablic" + +#~ msgid "Match Guards" +#~ msgstr "Strażnicy w dopasowywaniu wzorców" -#: src/exercises/solutions.md:5 #, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on GitHub](https://github." -"com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us know if you have a " -"different or better solution than what is presented here." -msgstr "" -"Zachęcamy do zadawania pytań dotyczących rozwiązań [on GitHub](https://" -"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Daj nam znać jeśli masz " -"inne lub lepsze rozwiązanie niż przedstawione tutaj." +#~ msgid "Pattern Matching (TBD)" +#~ msgstr "Dopasowywanie wzorców" + +#~ msgid "Stack vs Heap" +#~ msgstr "Stos a sterta" + +#~ msgid "Stack Memory" +#~ msgstr "Pamięć stosu" + +#~ msgid "Manual Memory Management" +#~ msgstr "Ręczne zarządzanie pamięcią" + +#~ msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management" +#~ msgstr "Zarządzanie pamięcią w oparciu o zakres" + +#~ msgid "Garbage Collection" +#~ msgstr "Odśmiecanie pamięci" + +#~ msgid "Rust Memory Management" +#~ msgstr "Zarządzanie pamięcią w Ruście" + +#~ msgid "Comparison" +#~ msgstr "Porównanie" + +#~ msgid "Moved Strings in Rust" +#~ msgstr "Przenoszenie String w Ruście" + +#~ msgid "Moves in Function Calls" +#~ msgstr "Przenoszenie w wywołaniach funkcji" + +#~ msgid "Copying and Cloning" +#~ msgstr "Kopiowanie i klonowanie" + +#~ msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows" +#~ msgstr "Wspólne i unikalne pożyczenia" -#: src/exercises/solutions.md:10 #, fuzzy -msgid "" -"**Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label` " -"comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to re-" -"use parts of the solutions as the exercises." -msgstr "" -"**Uwaga:** proszę zignorować `// ANCHOR: etykieta` i `// ANCHOR_END: " -"etykieta` komentarze, które widzisz w rozwiązaniach. Są po to, aby to " -"umożliwić ponownie wykorzystaj części rozwiązań jako ćwiczenia." +#~ msgid "Storing Books" +#~ msgstr "Łańcuchy znaków" + +#~ msgid "Iterators and Ownership" +#~ msgstr "Iteratory a własność" + +#~ msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax" +#~ msgstr "Skrócona składnia pola" + +#~ msgid "Method Receiver" +#~ msgstr "Składnia metody" + +#~ msgid "Option and Result" +#~ msgstr "Option i Result" + +#~ msgid "Vec" +#~ msgstr "Vec" + +#~ msgid "HashMap" +#~ msgstr "HashMap" + +#~ msgid "Box" +#~ msgstr "Box" + +#~ msgid "Recursive Data Types" +#~ msgstr "Rekurencyjne typy danych" + +#~ msgid "Rc" +#~ msgstr "Rc" + +#~ msgid "Strings and Iterators" +#~ msgstr "Łańcuchy i iteratory" + +#~ msgid "Generic Methods" +#~ msgstr "Metody generyczne" + +#~ msgid "Monomorphization" +#~ msgstr "Monomorfizacja" + +#~ msgid "Default Methods" +#~ msgstr "Metody domyślne" + +#~ msgid "impl Trait" +#~ msgstr "Składnia impl Cecha" + +#~ msgid "Important Traits" +#~ msgstr "Ważne cechy" + +#~ msgid "From and Into" +#~ msgstr "From i Into" + +#~ msgid "Default" +#~ msgstr "Default" -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:1 #, fuzzy -msgid "Day 1 Morning Exercises" -msgstr "Dzień 1 Ćwiczenia poranne" +#~ msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..." +#~ msgstr "Add, Mul, ..." -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:5 -msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))" -msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](for-loops.md))" +#~ msgid "A Simple GUI Library" +#~ msgstr "Prosta biblioteka GUI" -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: transpose\n" -"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n" -" let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n" -" for i in 0..3 {\n" -" for j in 0..3 {\n" -" result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" return result;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n" -"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n" -" for row in matrix {\n" -" println!(\"{row:?}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: tests\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_transpose() {\n" -" let matrix = [\n" -" [101, 102, 103], //\n" -" [201, 202, 203],\n" -" [301, 302, 303],\n" -" ];\n" -" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" -" assert_eq!(\n" -" transposed,\n" -" [\n" -" [101, 201, 301], //\n" -" [102, 202, 302],\n" -" [103, 203, 303],\n" -" ]\n" -" );\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: tests\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let matrix = [\n" -" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" -" [201, 202, 203],\n" -" [301, 302, 303],\n" -" ];\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"matrix:\");\n" -" pretty_print(&matrix);\n" -"\n" -" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" -" println!(\"transposed:\");\n" -" pretty_print(&transposed);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" +#~ msgid "Points and Polygons" +#~ msgstr "Punkty i wielokąty" + +#~ msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding" +#~ msgstr "Łapanie rozwinięcia stosu" + +#~ msgid "Structured Error Handling" +#~ msgstr "Strukturalna obsługa błędów" + +#~ msgid "Propagating Errors with ?" +#~ msgstr "Propagowanie błędów za pomocą ?" + +#~ msgid "Converting Error Types" +#~ msgstr "Konwersja typów błędów" -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:78 #, fuzzy -msgid "Bonus question" -msgstr "Dodatkowe pytanie" +#~ msgid "Deriving Error Enums" +#~ msgstr "Wyprowadzanie wyliczeń błędów" + +#~ msgid "Adding Context to Errors" +#~ msgstr "Dodawanie kontekstu do błędów" + +#~ msgid "Send and Sync" +#~ msgstr "Send i Sync" + +#~ msgid "Send" +#~ msgstr "Send" + +#~ msgid "Sync" +#~ msgstr "Sync" + +#~ msgid "Arc" +#~ msgstr "Arc" + +#~ msgid "Mutex" +#~ msgstr "Mutex" -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:80 #, fuzzy -msgid "" -"It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a slice-" -"of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus make our " -"function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks down: the " -"return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the data you return." -msgstr "" -"Wymaga bardziej zaawansowanych koncepcji. Mogłoby się wydawać, że moglibyśmy " -"użyć wycinka plasterków (`&[&[i32]]`) jako typu wejściowego do transpozycji, " -"a tym samym sprawić, by nasza funkcja obsługiwała dowolny rozmiar macierzy. " -"Jednak to szybko się psuje: zwracany typ nie może być `&[&[i32]]`, ponieważ " -"musi być właścicielem zwracanych danych." +#~ msgid "Pin" +#~ msgstr " Punkt" + +#~ msgid "Day 1 Morning" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 1 Rano" + +#~ msgid "Day 1 Afternoon" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 1 Popołudnie" + +#~ msgid "Day 2 Morning" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 2 Rano" + +#~ msgid "Day 2 Afternoon" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 2 Popołudnie" + +#~ msgid "Day 3 Morning" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 3 Rano" + +#~ msgid "Day 3 Afternoon" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 3 Popołudnie" -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:82 #, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You can attempt to use something like `Vec>`, but this doesn't work " -"out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec>` to " -"`&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either." -msgstr "" -"Możesz spróbować użyć czegoś takiego jak `Vec>`, ale to też nie " -"działa od razu po wyjęciu z pudełka: trudno jest przekonwertować z " -"`Vec>` na `&[ &[i32]]`, więc teraz nie możesz też łatwo używać " -"`pretty_print`." +#~ msgid "Concurrency Morning" +#~ msgstr "Współbieżność" -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:84 #, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::convert::" -"AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html) trait to " -"abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice." -msgstr "" -"Gdy przejdziemy do cech i typów ogólnych, będziemy mogli użyć cechy [`std::" -"convert::AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html) do " -"abstrakcji na wszystkim, co można nazwać plasterkiem." +#~ msgid "Concurrency Afternoon" +#~ msgstr "Współbieżność" -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:86 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"use std::convert::AsRef;\n" -"use std::fmt::Debug;\n" -"\n" -"fn pretty_print(matrix: Matrix)\n" -"where\n" -" T: Debug,\n" -" // A line references a slice of items\n" -" Line: AsRef<[T]>,\n" -" // A matrix references a slice of lines\n" -" Matrix: AsRef<[Line]>\n" -"{\n" -" for row in matrix.as_ref() {\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", row.as_ref());\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" // &[&[i32]]\n" -" pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n" -" // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n" -" pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n" -" // Vec>\n" -" pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" +#~ msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:" +#~ msgstr "Kurs jest prowadzony w szybkim tempie i obejmuje dużo materiału:" -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:113 #, fuzzy -msgid "" -"In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are of " -"the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix." -msgstr "" -"Ponadto sam typ nie wymuszałby, aby wycinki potomne były tej samej długości, " -"więc taka zmienna mogłaby zawierać nieprawidłową macierz." +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Day 2: Memory management, ownership, compound data types, and the " +#~ "standard library." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Dzień 2: Typy danych złożonych, dopasowywanie wzorców, biblioteka " +#~ "standardowa." -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:1 #, fuzzy -msgid "Day 1 Afternoon Exercises" -msgstr "Dzień 1 Ćwiczenia popołudniowe" +#~ msgid "Day 3: Generics, traits, error handling, testing, and unsafe Rust." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Dzień 3: Cechy i uogólnienia, obsługa błędów, testowanie, niebezpieczny " +#~ "Rust." -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:5 -msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))" -msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](luhn.md))" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:7 #, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: luhn\n" -"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n" -" let mut digits_seen = 0;\n" -" let mut sum = 0;\n" -" for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ')." -"enumerate() {\n" -" match ch.to_digit(10) {\n" -" Some(d) => {\n" -" sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n" -" let dd = d * 2;\n" -" dd / 10 + dd % 10\n" -" } else {\n" -" d\n" -" };\n" -" digits_seen += 1;\n" -" }\n" -" None => return false,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" if digits_seen < 2 {\n" -" return false;\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" sum % 10 == 0\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n" -" println!(\n" -" \"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n" -" if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n" -" );\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```\n" -"\n" -"# Dzień 2 Ćwiczenia popołudniowe\n" -"\n" -"## Algorytm Luhna\n" -"\n" -"([powrót do ćwiczenia](luhn.md))\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: luhn\n" -"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n" -" let mut digits_seen = 0;\n" -" let mut sum = 0;\n" -" for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ')." -"enumerate() {\n" -" match ch.to_digit(10) {\n" -" Some(d) => {\n" -" sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n" -" let dd = d * 2;\n" -" dd / 10 + dd % 10\n" -" } else {\n" -" d\n" -" };\n" -" digits_seen += 1;\n" -" }\n" -" None => return false,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" if digits_seen < 2 {\n" -" return false;\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" sum % 10 == 0\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n" -" println!(\n" -" \"Czy {} to prawidłowy numer karty kredytowej? {}\",\n" -" cc_number,\n" -" if luhn(cc_number) { \"tak\" } else { \"nie\" }\n" -" );\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"## Łańcuchy i iteratory\n" -"\n" -"([powrót do ćwiczenia](strings-iterators.md))\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n" -"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n" -" let prefixes = prefix.split('/');\n" -" let request_paths = request_path\n" -" .split('/')\n" -" .map(|p| Some(p))\n" -" .chain(std::iter::once(None));\n" -"\n" -" for (prefix, request_path) in prefixes.zip(request_paths) {\n" -" match request_path {\n" -" Some(request_path) => {\n" -" if (prefix != \"*\") && (prefix != request_path) {\n" -" return false;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" None => return false,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" true\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/" -"abc-123\"));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/" -"books\"));\n" -"\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/" -"publishers\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" -" ));\n" -"\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/" -"publishers\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" -" ));\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {}\n" -"```" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "$ sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" +#~ "```" -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:97 #, fuzzy -msgid "Pattern matching" -msgstr "Dopasowywanie wzorców" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "We suggest using [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) to edit the " +#~ "code (but any LSP compatible editor works with rust-analyzer[3](https://" +#~ "rust-analyzer.github.io/))." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Umożliwi to narzędziu [rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) " +#~ "przechodzenie do definicji. Sugerujemy użycie [VS Code](https://code." +#~ "visualstudio.com/), aby edytować kod (ale działa każdy edytor " +#~ "kompatybilny z LSP)." -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:99 -msgid "TBD." -msgstr "" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/" +#~ "clion/) family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own " +#~ "tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin](https://" +#~ "www.jetbrains.com/rust/). Please take note that as of January 2023 " +#~ "debugging only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Niektórzy ludzie lubią również korzystać z rodziny IDE [JetBrains]" +#~ "(https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/), które wykonują własne analizy, ale " +#~ "mają własne kompromisy. Jeśli wolisz je, możesz zainstalować [wtyczkę " +#~ "Rusta](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/). Należy pamiętać, że od stycznia " +#~ "2023 r. debugowanie działa tylko w wersji CLion pakietu JetBrains IDEA." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Zmień mnie!\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:1 #, fuzzy -msgid "Day 2 Morning Exercises" -msgstr "Dzień 2 Ćwiczenia poranne" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "% rustc --version\n" +#~ "rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n" +#~ "% cargo --version\n" +#~ "cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "% rustc --version\n" +#~ "rustc 1.61.0 (fe5b13d68 2022-05-18)\n" +#~ "% cargo --version\n" +#~ "cargo 1.61.0 (a028ae4 2022-04-29)\n" +#~ "```" -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:3 -msgid "Designing a Library" -msgstr "Projektowanie biblioteki" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:5 -msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))" -msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](book-library.md))" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: setup\n" -"struct Library {\n" -" books: Vec,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Book {\n" -" title: String,\n" -" year: u16,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Book {\n" -" // This is a constructor, used below.\n" -" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n" -" Book {\n" -" title: String::from(title),\n" -" year,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n" -"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n" -"//\n" -"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n" -"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n" -"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n" -"impl Library {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Library_new\n" -" fn new() -> Library {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n" -" Library { books: Vec::new() }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Library_len\n" -" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" -" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n" -" //}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n" -" fn len(&self) -> usize {\n" -" self.books.len()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n" -" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" -" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n" -" //}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n" -" fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n" -" self.books.is_empty()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n" -" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" -" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n" -" //}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n" -" fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n" -" self.books.push(book)\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n" -" //fn print_books(self) {\n" -" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and " -"year\")\n" -" //}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n" -" fn print_books(&self) {\n" -" for book in &self.books {\n" -" println!(\"{}, published in {}\", book.title, book.year);\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n" -" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" -" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n" -" //}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n" -" fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" -" // Using a closure and a built-in method:\n" -" // self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n" -"\n" -" // Longer hand-written solution:\n" -" let mut oldest: Option<&Book> = None;\n" -" for book in self.books.iter() {\n" -" if oldest.is_none() || book.year < oldest.unwrap().year {\n" -" oldest = Some(book);\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" oldest\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n" -"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n" -"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n" -"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let library = Library::new();\n" -"\n" -" //println!(\"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", library." -"is_empty());\n" -" //\n" -" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" -" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " -"1865));\n" -" //\n" -" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", " -"library.is_empty());\n" -" //\n" -" //\n" -" //library.print_books();\n" -" //\n" -" //match library.oldest_book() {\n" -" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n" -" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n" -" //}\n" -" //\n" -" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n" -" //library.print_books();\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_library_len() {\n" -" let mut library = Library::new();\n" -" assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n" -" assert!(library.is_empty());\n" -"\n" -" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" -" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " -"1865));\n" -" assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n" -" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_library_is_empty() {\n" -" let mut library = Library::new();\n" -" assert!(library.is_empty());\n" -"\n" -" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" -" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_library_print_books() {\n" -" let mut library = Library::new();\n" -" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" -" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " -"1865));\n" -" // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n" -" // method to start with.\n" -" library.print_books();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n" -" let mut library = Library::new();\n" -" assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());\n" -"\n" -" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" -" assert_eq!(\n" -" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n" -" Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n" -" );\n" -"\n" -" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " -"1865));\n" -" assert_eq!(\n" -" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n" -" Some(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\")\n" -" );\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:1 #, fuzzy -msgid "Day 2 Afternoon Exercises" -msgstr "Dzień 2 Ćwiczenia popołudniowe" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "$ cargo new exercise\n" +#~ " Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "$ cargo new exercise\n" +#~ " Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "```" -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:5 -msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))" -msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](strings-iterators.md))" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:7 #, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n" -"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n" -"\n" -" let mut request_segments = request_path.split('/');\n" -"\n" -" for prefix_segment in prefix.split('/') {\n" -" let Some(request_segment) = request_segments.next() else {\n" -" return false;\n" -" };\n" -" if request_segment != prefix_segment && prefix_segment != \"*\" {\n" -" return false;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" true\n" -"\n" -" // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate simultaneously over " -"prefix\n" -" // and request segments. The zip() iterator is finished as soon as one " -"of\n" -" // the source iterators is finished, but we need to iterate over all " -"request\n" -" // segments. A neat trick that makes zip() work is to use map() and " -"chain()\n" -" // to produce an iterator that returns Some(str) for each pattern " -"segments,\n" -" // and then returns None indefinitely.\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/" -"abc-123\"));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/" -"books\"));\n" -"\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/" -"publishers\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" -" ));\n" -"\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/" -"publishers\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" -" ));\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```\n" -"\n" -"# Dzień 2 Ćwiczenia popołudniowe\n" -"\n" -"## Algorytm Luhna\n" -"\n" -"([powrót do ćwiczenia](luhn.md))\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: luhn\n" -"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n" -" let mut digits_seen = 0;\n" -" let mut sum = 0;\n" -" for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ')." -"enumerate() {\n" -" match ch.to_digit(10) {\n" -" Some(d) => {\n" -" sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n" -" let dd = d * 2;\n" -" dd / 10 + dd % 10\n" -" } else {\n" -" d\n" -" };\n" -" digits_seen += 1;\n" -" }\n" -" None => return false,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" if digits_seen < 2 {\n" -" return false;\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" sum % 10 == 0\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n" -" println!(\n" -" \"Czy {} to prawidłowy numer karty kredytowej? {}\",\n" -" cc_number,\n" -" if luhn(cc_number) { \"tak\" } else { \"nie\" }\n" -" );\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"## Łańcuchy i iteratory\n" -"\n" -"([powrót do ćwiczenia](strings-iterators.md))\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n" -"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n" -" let prefixes = prefix.split('/');\n" -" let request_paths = request_path\n" -" .split('/')\n" -" .map(|p| Some(p))\n" -" .chain(std::iter::once(None));\n" -"\n" -" for (prefix, request_path) in prefixes.zip(request_paths) {\n" -" match request_path {\n" -" Some(request_path) => {\n" -" if (prefix != \"*\") && (prefix != request_path) {\n" -" return false;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" None => return false,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" true\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/" -"abc-123\"));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/" -"books\"));\n" -"\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/" -"publishers\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" -" ));\n" -"\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/" -"publishers\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" -" ));\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {}\n" -"```" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "$ cd exercise\n" +#~ "$ cargo run\n" +#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" +#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n" +#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" +#~ "Hello, world!\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "$ cd exercise\n" +#~ "$ cargo run\n" +#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" +#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n" +#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" +#~ "Hello, world!\n" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "```" -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:1 #, fuzzy -msgid "Day 3 Morning Exercise" -msgstr "Dzień 3 Poranna gimnastyka" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Zmień mnie!\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "```" -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:5 -msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))" -msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](simple-gui.md))" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: setup\n" -"pub trait Widget {\n" -" /// Natural width of `self`.\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n" -"\n" -" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n" -"\n" -" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n" -" fn draw(&self) {\n" -" let mut buffer = String::new();\n" -" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n" -" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Label {\n" -" label: String,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Label {\n" -" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n" -" Label {\n" -" label: label.to_owned(),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Button {\n" -" label: Label,\n" -" callback: Box,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Button {\n" -" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box) -> Button {\n" -" Button {\n" -" label: Label::new(label),\n" -" callback,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Window {\n" -" title: String,\n" -" widgets: Vec>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Window {\n" -" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n" -" Window {\n" -" title: title.to_owned(),\n" -" widgets: Vec::new(),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box) {\n" -" self.widgets.push(widget);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" std::cmp::max(\n" -" self.title.chars().count(),\n" -" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n" -" )\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Window-width\n" -"impl Widget for Window {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n" -" // Add 4 paddings for borders\n" -" self.inner_width() + 4\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n" -" let mut inner = String::new();\n" -" for widget in &self.widgets {\n" -" widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let inner_width = self.inner_width();\n" -"\n" -" // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n" -" // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n" -" // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n" -" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:- usize {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n" -" self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n" -" let width = self.width();\n" -" let mut label = String::new();\n" -" self.label.draw_into(&mut label);\n" -"\n" -" writeln!(buffer, \"+{:- usize {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n" -" self.label\n" -" .lines()\n" -" .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n" -" .max()\n" -" .unwrap_or(0)\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n" -" writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" -" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo." -"\")));\n" -" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" -" \"Click me!\",\n" -" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n" -" )));\n" -" window.draw();\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:177 -msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))" -msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](points-polygons.md))" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:179 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n" -"// ANCHOR: Point\n" -"pub struct Point {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Point\n" -" x: i32,\n" -" y: i32,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n" -"impl Point {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n" -" pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n" -" Point { x, y }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n" -" f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n" -" (self - other).magnitude()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n" -" type Output = Self;\n" -"\n" -" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" -" Self {\n" -" x: self.x + other.x,\n" -" y: self.y + other.y,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n" -" type Output = Self;\n" -"\n" -" fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" -" Self {\n" -" x: self.x - other.x,\n" -" y: self.y - other.y,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Polygon\n" -"pub struct Polygon {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n" -" points: Vec,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n" -"impl Polygon {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n" -" pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n" -" Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n" -" self.points.push(point);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option {\n" -" self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator {\n" -" self.points.iter()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n" -" if self.points.is_empty() {\n" -" return 0.0;\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let mut result = 0.0;\n" -" let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n" -" for point in &self.points[1..] {\n" -" result += last_point.dist(*point);\n" -" last_point = *point;\n" -" }\n" -" result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n" -" result\n" -" // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate over the points as " -"pairs\n" -" // but we need to pair each point with the next one, and the last " -"point\n" -" // with the first point. The zip() iterator is finished as soon as " -"one of \n" -" // the source iterators is finished, a neat trick is to combine " -"Iterator::cycle\n" -" // with Iterator::skip to create the second iterator for the zip and " -"using map \n" -" // and sum to calculate the total length.\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Circle\n" -"pub struct Circle {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n" -" center: Point,\n" -" radius: i32,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n" -"impl Circle {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n" -" pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n" -" Circle { center, radius }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n" -" 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n" -" self.center.dist(other.center)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Shape\n" -"pub enum Shape {\n" -" Polygon(Polygon),\n" -" Circle(Circle),\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: Shape\n" -"\n" -"impl From for Shape {\n" -" fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n" -" Shape::Polygon(poly)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl From for Shape {\n" -" fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n" -" Shape::Circle(circle)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Shape {\n" -" pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n" -" match self {\n" -" Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n" -" Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" -"#[cfg(test)]\n" -"mod tests {\n" -" use super::*;\n" -"\n" -" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" -" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" -" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_point_dist() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n" -" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n" -" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_point_add() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" -" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n" -" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" -" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" -"\n" -" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" -" poly.add_point(p1);\n" -" poly.add_point(p2);\n" -" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" -" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" -"\n" -" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" -" poly.add_point(p1);\n" -" poly.add_point(p2);\n" -"\n" -" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" -" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n" -" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" -" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n" -" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n" -" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n" -" let shapes = vec![\n" -" Shape::from(poly),\n" -" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" -" ];\n" -" let perimeters = shapes\n" -" .iter()\n" -" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n" -" .map(round_two_digits)\n" -" .collect::>();\n" -" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:1 #, fuzzy -msgid "Day 3 Afternoon Exercises" -msgstr "Dzień 3 Ćwiczenia popołudniowe" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "$ cargo run\n" +#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" +#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n" +#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" +#~ "Edit me!\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "$ cargo run\n" +#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" +#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n" +#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" +#~ "Zmień mnie!\n" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "```" -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:5 -msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))" -msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: ffi\n" -"mod ffi {\n" -" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n" -" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n" -"\n" -" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct DIR {\n" -" _data: [u8; 0],\n" -" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::" -"PhantomPinned)>,\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t " -"and\n" -" // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n" -" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n" -" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct dirent {\n" -" pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n" -" pub d_off: c_long,\n" -" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" -" pub d_type: c_uchar,\n" -" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n" -" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct dirent {\n" -" pub d_fileno: u64,\n" -" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n" -" pub d_reclen: u16,\n" -" pub d_namlen: u16,\n" -" pub d_type: u8,\n" -" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" extern \"C\" {\n" -" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" -"\n" -" #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n" -" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" -"\n" -" // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section " -"on\n" -" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n" -" //\n" -" // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" " -"refers\n" -" // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and " -"PowerPC.\n" -" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n" -" #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n" -" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" -"\n" -" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" -"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct DirectoryIterator {\n" -" path: CString,\n" -" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: ffi\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n" -"impl DirectoryIterator {\n" -" fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" -" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n" -" let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid path: " -"{err}\"))?;\n" -" // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n" -" let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n" -" if dir.is_null() {\n" -" Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n" -" } else {\n" -" Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Iterator\n" -"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" -" type Item = OsString;\n" -" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" -" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n" -" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n" -" let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n" -" if dirent.is_null() {\n" -" // We have reached the end of the directory.\n" -" return None;\n" -" }\n" -" // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n" -" // terminated.\n" -" let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n" -" let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n" -" Some(os_str.to_owned())\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Drop\n" -"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" -" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" -" // Call closedir as needed.\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n" -" if !self.dir.is_null() {\n" -" // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n" -" if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n" -" panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" -" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" -" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" -"\n" -"#[cfg(test)]\n" -"mod tests {\n" -" use super::*;\n" -" use std::error::Error;\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_nonexisting_directory() {\n" -" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\"no-such-directory\");\n" -" assert!(iter.is_err());\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_empty_directory() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" -" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n" -" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n" -" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n" -" )?;\n" -" let mut entries = iter.collect::>();\n" -" entries.sort();\n" -" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\"]);\n" -" Ok(())\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_nonempty_directory() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" -" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n" -" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"foo.txt\"), \"The Foo " -"Diaries\\n\")?;\n" -" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"bar.png\"), \"\\n\")?;\n" -" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"crab.rs\"), \"//! Crab\\n\")?;\n" -" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n" -" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n" -" )?;\n" -" let mut entries = iter.collect::>();\n" -" entries.sort();\n" -" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\", \"bar.png\", \"crab.rs\", \"foo." -"txt\"]);\n" -" Ok(())\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:1 #, fuzzy -msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise" -msgstr "Dzień 3 Poranna gimnastyka" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, " +#~ "and `continue`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Konstrukcje przepływu sterowania: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, " +#~ "`break` i `kontynuuj`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to " +#~ "speak about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a " +#~ "major feature and we should show students this right away." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Ideą pierwszego dnia jest pokazanie _tylko tyle_ Rusta, żeby móc mówić o " +#~ "słynnym nadzorcu pożyczania. Sposób, w jaki Rust obsługuje pamięć, jest " +#~ "jego główną cechą i powinniśmy od razu pokazać to uczniom." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over " +#~ "the schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the " +#~ "slides):" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Jeśli uczysz tego w klasie, jest to dobre miejsce do przejrzenia " +#~ "harmonogramu. Proponujemy podzielić dzień na dwie części (według slajdów):" + +#~ msgid "Morning: 9:00 to 12:00," +#~ msgstr "Rano: od 9:00 do 12:00," + +#~ msgid "Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00." +#~ msgstr "Po południu: od 13:00 do 16:00." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include " +#~ "breaks, we recommend a break every hour!" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Można to oczywiście dostosować w razie potrzeby. Proszę uwzględnić " +#~ "przerwy, zalecamy przerwę co godzinę!" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:5 #, fuzzy -msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))" -msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](for-loops.md))" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Witaj 🌍!\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: top\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"use core::fmt::Write;\n" -"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: top\n" -"use core::cmp::{max, min};\n" -"use lsm303agr::{AccelOutputDataRate, Lsm303agr, MagOutputDataRate};\n" -"use microbit::display::blocking::Display;\n" -"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n" -"use microbit::hal::twim::Twim;\n" -"use microbit::hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte};\n" -"use microbit::hal::Timer;\n" -"use microbit::pac::twim0::frequency::FREQUENCY_A;\n" -"use microbit::Board;\n" -"\n" -"const COMPASS_SCALE: i32 = 30000;\n" -"const ACCELEROMETER_SCALE: i32 = 700;\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" // Configure serial port.\n" -" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n" -" board.UARTE0,\n" -" board.uart.into(),\n" -" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n" -" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n" -" );\n" -"\n" -" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: main\n" -" writeln!(serial, \"Setting up IMU...\").unwrap();\n" -" let i2c = Twim::new(board.TWIM0, board.i2c_internal.into(), FREQUENCY_A::" -"K100);\n" -" let mut imu = Lsm303agr::new_with_i2c(i2c);\n" -" imu.init().unwrap();\n" -" imu.set_mag_odr(MagOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n" -" imu.set_accel_odr(AccelOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n" -" let mut imu = imu.into_mag_continuous().ok().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" // Set up display and timer.\n" -" let mut timer = Timer::new(board.TIMER0);\n" -" let mut display = Display::new(board.display_pins);\n" -"\n" -" let mut mode = Mode::Compass;\n" -" let mut button_pressed = false;\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: loop\n" -" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" loop {\n" -" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: loop\n" -" while !(imu.mag_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data\n" -" && imu.accel_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data)\n" -" {}\n" -" let compass_reading = imu.mag_data().unwrap();\n" -" let accelerometer_reading = imu.accel_data().unwrap();\n" -" writeln!(\n" -" serial,\n" -" \"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\",\n" -" compass_reading.x,\n" -" compass_reading.y,\n" -" compass_reading.z,\n" -" accelerometer_reading.x,\n" -" accelerometer_reading.y,\n" -" accelerometer_reading.z,\n" -" )\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" let mut image = [[0; 5]; 5];\n" -" let (x, y) = match mode {\n" -" Mode::Compass => (\n" -" scale(-compass_reading.x, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, " -"4) as usize,\n" -" scale(compass_reading.y, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, " -"4) as usize,\n" -" ),\n" -" Mode::Accelerometer => (\n" -" scale(\n" -" accelerometer_reading.x,\n" -" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" -" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" -" 0,\n" -" 4,\n" -" ) as usize,\n" -" scale(\n" -" -accelerometer_reading.y,\n" -" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" -" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" -" 0,\n" -" 4,\n" -" ) as usize,\n" -" ),\n" -" };\n" -" image[y][x] = 255;\n" -" display.show(&mut timer, image, 100);\n" -"\n" -" // If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink " -"all LEDs on.\n" -" if board.buttons.button_a.is_low().unwrap() {\n" -" if !button_pressed {\n" -" mode = mode.next();\n" -" display.show(&mut timer, [[255; 5]; 5], 200);\n" -" }\n" -" button_pressed = true;\n" -" } else {\n" -" button_pressed = false;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" -"enum Mode {\n" -" Compass,\n" -" Accelerometer,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Mode {\n" -" fn next(self) -> Self {\n" -" match self {\n" -" Self::Compass => Self::Accelerometer,\n" -" Self::Accelerometer => Self::Compass,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn scale(value: i32, min_in: i32, max_in: i32, min_out: i32, max_out: i32) -" -"> i32 {\n" -" let range_in = max_in - min_in;\n" -" let range_out = max_out - min_out;\n" -" cap(\n" -" min_out + range_out * (value - min_in) / range_in,\n" -" min_out,\n" -" max_out,\n" -" )\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn cap(value: i32, min_value: i32, max_value: i32) -> i32 {\n" -" max(min_value, min(value, max_value))\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" +#~ msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:" +#~ msgstr "Oto mały przykładowy program w Ruście:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() { // Program entry point\n" +#~ " let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n" +#~ " print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n" +#~ " while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n" +#~ " if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n" +#~ " x = x / 2;\n" +#~ " } else {\n" +#~ " x = 3 * x + 1;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " print!(\" -> {x}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() { // Punkt wejścia do programu\n" +#~ " let mut x: i32 = 6; // Zmienna mutowalna\n" +#~ " print!(\"{x}\"); // Makro do wypisywania tekstu, jak printf\n" +#~ " while x != 1 { // Wyrażenie bez nawiasów\n" +#~ " if x % 2 == 0 { // Obliczenia jak w innych językach\n" +#~ " x = x / 2;\n" +#~ " } else {\n" +#~ " x = 3 * x + 1;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " print!(\" -> {x}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop " +#~ "will always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with " +#~ "different inputs." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Kod implementuje hipotezę Collatza: uważa się, że pętla zawsze się " +#~ "kończy, ale nie zostało to jeszcze udowodnione. Edytuj kod i baw się " +#~ "różnymi danymi wejściowymi." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to " +#~ "trigger type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime " +#~ "integer overflow." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Wyjaśnij, że wszystkie zmienne są typowane statycznie. Spróbuj usunąć " +#~ "`i32`, aby uruchomić wnioskowanie typu. Zamiast tego spróbuj z `i8` i " +#~ "wywołaj przepełnienie liczby całkowitej w czasie wykonywania." + +#~ msgid "Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error." +#~ msgstr "Zmień `let mut x` na `let x`, omów błąd kompilatora." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match " +#~ "the format string." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Pokaż, jak `print!` daje błąd kompilacji, jeśli argumenty nie pasują do " +#~ "łańcucha formatującego." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an " +#~ "expression which is more complex than just a single variable." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Pokaż, że musisz użyć `{}` jako symbolu zastępczego, jeśli chcesz " +#~ "wypisać wyrażenie, które jest bardziej złożone niż tylko pojedyncza " +#~ "zmienna." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::" +#~ "fmt` which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important " +#~ "that the students become familiar with searching in the standard library." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Pokaż uczniom standardową bibliotekę, pokaż im, jak szukać `std::fmt` " +#~ "który ma zasady mini-języka formatowania. Ważne jest, aby studenci " +#~ "zapoznają się z wyszukiwaniem w bibliotece standardowej." + +#~ msgid "Compile time memory safety." +#~ msgstr "Bezpieczeństwo pamięci w czasie kompilacji." + +#~ msgid "Lack of undefined runtime behavior." +#~ msgstr "Brak niezdefiniowanego zachowania w czasie wykonywania." + +#~ msgid "Modern language features." +#~ msgstr "Nowoczesne funkcje językowe." + +#~ msgid "Static memory management at compile time:" +#~ msgstr "Statyczne zarządzanie pamięcią w czasie kompilacji:" + +#~ msgid "No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes)." +#~ msgstr "Brak wycieków pamięci (_głównie_, patrz uwagi)." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples are:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możliwe jest generowanie wycieków pamięci w (bezpiecznym) Ruście. Kilka " +#~ "przykładów:" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:5 #, fuzzy -msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))" -msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](luhn.md))" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "You can use [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box." +#~ "html#method.leak) to leak a pointer. A use of this could be to get " +#~ "runtime-initialized and runtime-sized static variables" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możesz użyć [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box." +#~ "html#method.leak) do wycieku wskaźnika. Można to wykorzystać, aby uzyskać " +#~ "zmienne statyczne inicjowane w czasie wykonywania i o rozmiarze czasu " +#~ "wykonywania" -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:7 -msgid "`main.rs`:" -msgstr "" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "You can use [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn." +#~ "forget.html) to make the compiler \"forget\" about a value (meaning the " +#~ "destructor is never run)." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możesz użyć [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn." +#~ "forget.html), aby kompilator „zapomniał” o wartości (co oznacza, że " +#~ "destruktor nigdy nie jest uruchamiany)." -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:9 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: top\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"mod exceptions;\n" -"mod logger;\n" -"mod pl011;\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: top\n" -"mod pl031;\n" -"\n" -"use crate::pl031::Rtc;\n" -"use arm_gic::gicv3::{IntId, Trigger};\n" -"use arm_gic::{irq_enable, wfi};\n" -"use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};\n" -"use core::hint::spin_loop;\n" -"// ANCHOR: imports\n" -"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" -"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" -"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" -"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n" -"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" -"use smccc::Hvc;\n" -"\n" -"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n" -"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n" -"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n" -"\n" -"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" -"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: imports\n" -"\n" -"/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n" -"const PL031_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x901_0000 as _;\n" -"/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n" -"const PL031_IRQ: IntId = IntId::spi(2);\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" -" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " -"device,\n" -" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" -" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" -" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the " -"base\n" -" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n" -" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n" -" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, " -"GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" -" gic.setup();\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: main\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 " -"device,\n" -" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" -" let mut rtc = unsafe { Rtc::new(PL031_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" -" let timestamp = rtc.read();\n" -" let time = Utc.timestamp_opt(timestamp.into(), 0).unwrap();\n" -" info!(\"RTC: {time}\");\n" -"\n" -" GicV3::set_priority_mask(0xff);\n" -" gic.set_interrupt_priority(PL031_IRQ, 0x80);\n" -" gic.set_trigger(PL031_IRQ, Trigger::Level);\n" -" irq_enable();\n" -" gic.enable_interrupt(PL031_IRQ, true);\n" -"\n" -" // Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n" -" let target = timestamp + 3;\n" -" rtc.set_match(target);\n" -" info!(\n" -" \"Waiting for {}\",\n" -" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n" -" );\n" -" trace!(\n" -" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" -" rtc.matched(),\n" -" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" -" );\n" -" while !rtc.matched() {\n" -" spin_loop();\n" -" }\n" -" trace!(\n" -" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" -" rtc.matched(),\n" -" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" -" );\n" -" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n" -"\n" -" // Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n" -" let target = timestamp + 6;\n" -" info!(\n" -" \"Waiting for {}\",\n" -" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n" -" );\n" -" rtc.set_match(target);\n" -" rtc.clear_interrupt();\n" -" rtc.enable_interrupt(true);\n" -" trace!(\n" -" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" -" rtc.matched(),\n" -" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" -" );\n" -" while !rtc.interrupt_pending() {\n" -" wfi();\n" -" }\n" -" trace!(\n" -" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" -" rtc.matched(),\n" -" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" -" );\n" -" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: main_end\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[panic_handler]\n" -"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" -" error!(\"{info}\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: main_end\n" -"```" -msgstr "" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle](https://doc.rust-" +#~ "lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) with `Rc` or `Arc`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możesz także przypadkowo utworzyć [cykl referencyjny](http://rust.w8.pl/" +#~ "book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) za pomocą `Rc` lub `Arc`." -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:149 -msgid "`pl031.rs`:" -msgstr "" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory " +#~ "leak and Rust does not protect from those." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "W rzeczywistości niektórzy uznają zapełnianie kolekcji w nieskończoność " +#~ "za wyciek pamięci, a Rust nie chroni przed nimi." -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:151 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n" -"\n" -"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" -"struct Registers {\n" -" /// Data register\n" -" dr: u32,\n" -" /// Match register\n" -" mr: u32,\n" -" /// Load register\n" -" lr: u32,\n" -" /// Control register\n" -" cr: u8,\n" -" _reserved0: [u8; 3],\n" -" /// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n" -" imsc: u8,\n" -" _reserved1: [u8; 3],\n" -" /// Raw Interrupt Status\n" -" ris: u8,\n" -" _reserved2: [u8; 3],\n" -" /// Masked Interrupt Status\n" -" mis: u8,\n" -" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" -" /// Interrupt Clear Register\n" -" icr: u8,\n" -" _reserved4: [u8; 3],\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"pub struct Rtc {\n" -" registers: *mut Registers,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Rtc {\n" -" /// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at " -"the\n" -" /// given base address.\n" -" ///\n" -" /// # Safety\n" -" ///\n" -" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of " -"a\n" -" /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " -"process\n" -" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" -" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" -" Self {\n" -" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Reads the current RTC value.\n" -" pub fn read(&self) -> u32 {\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an " -"interrupt\n" -" /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n" -" pub fn set_match(&mut self, value: u32) {\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).mr).write_volatile(value) }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or " -"not\n" -" /// the interrupt is enabled.\n" -" pub fn matched(&self) -> bool {\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).ris)." -"read_volatile() };\n" -" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n" -" ///\n" -" /// This should be true if and only if `matched` returns true and the\n" -" /// interrupt is masked.\n" -" pub fn interrupt_pending(&self) -> bool {\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).mis)." -"read_volatile() };\n" -" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n" -" ///\n" -" /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false " -"the\n" -" /// interrupt is disabled.\n" -" pub fn enable_interrupt(&mut self, mask: bool) {\n" -" let imsc = if mask { 0x01 } else { 0x00 };\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).imsc)." -"write_volatile(imsc) }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n" -" pub fn clear_interrupt(&mut self) {\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).icr).write_volatile(0x01) }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" -"// accessed from any context.\n" -"unsafe impl Send for Rtc {}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood " +#~ "as \"Pretty much no _accidental_ memory leaks\"." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Na potrzeby tego kursu należy rozumieć „Brak wycieków pamięci”. jako " +#~ "„Prawie nie ma _przypadkowych_ wycieków pamięci”." -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:1 #, fuzzy -msgid "Concurrency Morning Exercise" -msgstr "Dzień 3 Poranna gimnastyka" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Integer overflow is defined via the [`overflow-checks`](https://doc.rust-" +#~ "lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-checks) compile-time " +#~ "flag. If enabled, the program will panic (a controlled crash of the " +#~ "program), otherwise you get wrap-around semantics. By default, you get " +#~ "panics in debug mode (`cargo build`) and wrap-around in release mode " +#~ "(`cargo build --release`)." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Przepełnienie liczb całkowitych jest definiowane za pomocą flagi czasu " +#~ "kompilacji. Opcje to panika (kontrolowana awaria programu) lub zawijanie. " +#~ "Domyślnie to panika w trybie debugowania (`cargo build`) i zawijanie w " +#~ "trybie produkcyjnym (`cargo build --release`)." -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:5 -msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))" -msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](dining-philosophers.md))" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also not " +#~ "be disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However, `unsafe` allows " +#~ "you to call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked` which does not do " +#~ "bounds checking." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Sprawdzania granic nie można wyłączyć za pomocą flagi kompilatora. Nie " +#~ "może też wyłączyć go bezpośrednio za pomocą słowa kluczowego `unsafe`. " +#~ "Jednakże, `unsafe` pozwala na wywołanie funkcji takich jak `slice::" +#~ "get_unchecked`, które nie sprawdzają granic." -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n" -"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;\n" -"\n" -"struct Fork;\n" -"\n" -"struct Philosopher {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n" -" left_fork: Arc>,\n" -" right_fork: Arc>,\n" -" thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n" -"impl Philosopher {\n" -" fn think(&self) {\n" -" self.thoughts\n" -" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n" -" fn eat(&self) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n" -" println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n" -" let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n" -" let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n" -" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" -" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);\n" -"\n" -" let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n" -" .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n" -" .collect::>();\n" -"\n" -" for i in 0..forks.len() {\n" -" let tx = tx.clone();\n" -" let mut left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n" -" let mut right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()]);\n" -"\n" -" // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n" -" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n" -" // either of them.\n" -" if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n" -" std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let philosopher = Philosopher {\n" -" name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n" -" thoughts: tx,\n" -" left_fork,\n" -" right_fork,\n" -" };\n" -"\n" -" thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" for _ in 0..100 {\n" -" philosopher.eat();\n" -" philosopher.think();\n" -" }\n" -" });\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" drop(tx);\n" -" for thought in rx {\n" -" println!(\"{thought}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:104 #, fuzzy -msgid "Link Checker" -msgstr "Wielowątkowe narzędzie do sprawdzania linków" +#~ msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last decades." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Rust jest zbudowany z całym doświadczeniem zdobytym w ciągu ostatnich 40 " +#~ "lat." + +#~ msgid "Language Features" +#~ msgstr "Funkcje języka" + +#~ msgid "Tooling" +#~ msgstr "Narzędzia" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to " +#~ "'pay' for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For " +#~ "example, writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low " +#~ "level instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Abstrakcje o zerowych kosztach, podobne do C++, oznaczają, że nie musisz " +#~ "„płacić” za konstrukcje programistyczne wyższego poziomu pamięcią lub " +#~ "procesorem. Na przykład, pisanie pętli przy użyciu `for` powinno dać w " +#~ "przybliżeniu te same instrukcje niskiego poziomu jak przy użyciu " +#~ "konstrukcji `.iter().fold()`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', " +#~ "also known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things " +#~ "like `Option` and `Result`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Warto wspomnieć, że wyliczenia w Rust również są „algebraicznymi typami " +#~ "danych”, które pozwalają systemowi typów wyrażać takie rzeczy jak " +#~ "`Option` i `Result`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to " +#~ "ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more " +#~ "talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with " +#~ "_actionable_ feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Przypomnij ludziom, aby przeczytali błędy --- wielu programistów " +#~ "przyzwyczaiło się do ignorowanie długich danych wyjściowych kompilatora. " +#~ "Kompilator Rusta jest znacznie bardziej rozmowny niż inne kompilatory. " +#~ "Często da ci _użyteczne_ podpowiedzi, gotowe do skopiowania i wklejenia " +#~ "do kodu." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, " +#~ "Python, and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider " +#~ "standard and essential:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Standardowa biblioteka Rusta jest niewielka w porównaniu z językami " +#~ "takimi jak Java, Python, i Go. Rust nie zawiera kilku rzeczy, które można " +#~ "by uznać za standardowe i niezbędne:" + +#~ msgid "a random number generator, but see [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)." +#~ msgstr "generator liczb losowych, ale patrz [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)." + +#~ msgid "support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "wsparcie dla SSL lub TLS, ale zobacz [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)." + +#~ msgid "support for JSON, but see [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "wsparcie dla JSON, ale zobacz [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library " +#~ "cannot go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the " +#~ "Rust community is still working on finding the best solution --- and " +#~ "perhaps there isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Powodem tego jest to, że funkcjonalność w bibliotece standardowej nie " +#~ "może odejść, więc musi być bardzo stabilna. Dla powyższych przykładów " +#~ "społeczność Rusta wciąż pracuje nad znalezieniem najlepszego rozwiązania " +#~ "--- i być może nie ma jednego „najlepszego rozwiązania” dla niektórych z " +#~ "tych rzeczy." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this " +#~ "makes it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A " +#~ "consequence of this is that the standard library can be smaller." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Rust ma wbudowanego menedżera pakietów w postaci Cargo i to sprawia, że " +#~ "pobieranie i kompilowanie zewnętrznych pakietów jest trywialne. " +#~ "Konsekwencją tego jest to, że standardowa biblioteka może być mniejsza." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like help with this by letting you compare health metrics for crates " +#~ "to find a good and trusted one." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Odkrywanie dobrych skrzynek może być problemem. Witryny takie jak " +#~ " w tym pomagają, umożliwiając porównanie wskaźników " +#~ "kondycji skrzynki, aby znaleźć te dobre i zaufane." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) is a well supported LSP " +#~ "implementation used in major IDEs and text editors." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) to dobrze obsługiwana " +#~ "implementacja LSP używana w głównych IDE i edytorach tekstu." -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:106 #, fuzzy -msgid "([back to exercise](link-checker.md))" -msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](luhn.md))" +#~ msgid "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`" +#~ msgstr "`\"foo\"`, `r#\"\\\\\"#`" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:108 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"use std::{sync::Arc, sync::Mutex, sync::mpsc, thread};\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: setup\n" -"use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n" -"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n" -"use thiserror::Error;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n" -"enum Error {\n" -" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n" -" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n" -" #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n" -" BadResponse(String),\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: visit_page\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct CrawlCommand {\n" -" url: Url,\n" -" extract_links: bool,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> Result, " -"Error> {\n" -" println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n" -" let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n" -" if !response.status().is_success() {\n" -" return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n" -" if !command.extract_links {\n" -" return Ok(link_urls);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n" -" let body_text = response.text()?;\n" -" let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n" -"\n" -" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n" -" let href_values = document\n" -" .select(&selector)\n" -" .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n" -" for href in href_values {\n" -" match base_url.join(href) {\n" -" Ok(link_url) => {\n" -" link_urls.push(link_url);\n" -" }\n" -" Err(err) => {\n" -" println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: " -"{err}\");\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(link_urls)\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: visit_page\n" -"\n" -"struct CrawlState {\n" -" domain: String,\n" -" visited_pages: std::collections::HashSet,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl CrawlState {\n" -" fn new(start_url: &Url) -> CrawlState {\n" -" let mut visited_pages = std::collections::HashSet::new();\n" -" visited_pages.insert(start_url.as_str().to_string());\n" -" CrawlState {\n" -" domain: start_url.domain().unwrap().to_string(),\n" -" visited_pages,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Determine whether links within the given page should be extracted.\n" -" fn should_extract_links(&self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n" -" let Some(url_domain) = url.domain() else {\n" -" return false;\n" -" };\n" -" url_domain == self.domain\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Mark the given page as visited, returning true if it had already\n" -" /// been visited.\n" -" fn mark_visited(&mut self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n" -" self.visited_pages.insert(url.as_str().to_string())\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"type CrawlResult = Result, (Url, Error)>;\n" -"fn spawn_crawler_threads(\n" -" command_receiver: mpsc::Receiver,\n" -" result_sender: mpsc::Sender,\n" -" thread_count: u32,\n" -") {\n" -" let command_receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(command_receiver));\n" -"\n" -" for _ in 0..thread_count {\n" -" let result_sender = result_sender.clone();\n" -" let command_receiver = command_receiver.clone();\n" -" thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let client = Client::new();\n" -" loop {\n" -" let command_result = {\n" -" let receiver_guard = command_receiver.lock().unwrap();\n" -" receiver_guard.recv()\n" -" };\n" -" let Ok(crawl_command) = command_result else {\n" -" // The sender got dropped. No more commands coming in.\n" -" break;\n" -" };\n" -" let crawl_result = match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) " -"{\n" -" Ok(link_urls) => Ok(link_urls),\n" -" Err(error) => Err((crawl_command.url, error)),\n" -" };\n" -" result_sender.send(crawl_result).unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -" });\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn control_crawl(\n" -" start_url: Url,\n" -" command_sender: mpsc::Sender,\n" -" result_receiver: mpsc::Receiver,\n" -") -> Vec {\n" -" let mut crawl_state = CrawlState::new(&start_url);\n" -" let start_command = CrawlCommand { url: start_url, extract_links: " -"true };\n" -" command_sender.send(start_command).unwrap();\n" -" let mut pending_urls = 1;\n" -"\n" -" let mut bad_urls = Vec::new();\n" -" while pending_urls > 0 {\n" -" let crawl_result = result_receiver.recv().unwrap();\n" -" pending_urls -= 1;\n" -"\n" -" match crawl_result {\n" -" Ok(link_urls) => {\n" -" for url in link_urls {\n" -" if crawl_state.mark_visited(&url) {\n" -" let extract_links = crawl_state." -"should_extract_links(&url);\n" -" let crawl_command = CrawlCommand { url, " -"extract_links };\n" -" command_sender.send(crawl_command).unwrap();\n" -" pending_urls += 1;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" Err((url, error)) => {\n" -" bad_urls.push(url);\n" -" println!(\"Got crawling error: {:#}\", error);\n" -" continue;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" bad_urls\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn check_links(start_url: Url) -> Vec {\n" -" let (result_sender, result_receiver) = mpsc::channel::();\n" -" let (command_sender, command_receiver) = mpsc::channel::" -"();\n" -" spawn_crawler_threads(command_receiver, result_sender, 16);\n" -" control_crawl(start_url, command_sender, result_receiver)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let start_url = reqwest::Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\")." -"unwrap();\n" -" let bad_urls = check_links(start_url);\n" -" println!(\"Bad URLs: {:#?}\", bad_urls);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:1 #, fuzzy -msgid "Concurrency Afternoon Exercise" -msgstr "Dzień 1 Ćwiczenia popołudniowe" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(r#\"link\"#);\n" +#~ " println!(\"link\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let a = 10;\n" +#~ " println!(\"przedtem: {a}\");\n" +#~ "```" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:5 #, fuzzy -msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))" -msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](dining-philosophers.md))" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let x = 42;\n" +#~ " let y = x;\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n" -"use std::sync::Arc;\n" -"use tokio::time;\n" -"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n" -"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n" -"\n" -"struct Fork;\n" -"\n" -"struct Philosopher {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n" -" left_fork: Arc>,\n" -" right_fork: Arc>,\n" -" thoughts: Sender,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n" -"impl Philosopher {\n" -" async fn think(&self) {\n" -" self.thoughts\n" -" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))." -"await\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n" -" async fn eat(&self) {\n" -" // Pick up forks...\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n" -" let _first_lock = self.left_fork.lock().await;\n" -" // Add a delay before picking the second fork to allow the " -"execution\n" -" // to transfer to another task\n" -" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(1)).await;\n" -" let _second_lock = self.right_fork.lock().await;\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-body\n" -" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" -" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-body\n" -"\n" -" // The locks are dropped here\n" -" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" -" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n" -" // Create forks\n" -" let mut forks = vec![];\n" -" (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len()).for_each(|_| forks.push(Arc::new(Mutex::" -"new(Fork))));\n" -"\n" -" // Create philosophers\n" -" let (philosophers, mut rx) = {\n" -" let mut philosophers = vec![];\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n" -" for (i, name) in PHILOSOPHERS.iter().enumerate() {\n" -" let left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n" -" let right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % PHILOSOPHERS." -"len()]);\n" -" // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n" -" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n" -" // either of them.\n" -" if i == 0 {\n" -" std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n" -" }\n" -" philosophers.push(Philosopher {\n" -" name: name.to_string(),\n" -" left_fork,\n" -" right_fork,\n" -" thoughts: tx.clone(),\n" -" });\n" -" }\n" -" (philosophers, rx)\n" -" // tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n" -" };\n" -"\n" -" // Make them think and eat\n" -" for phil in philosophers {\n" -" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" -" for _ in 0..100 {\n" -" phil.think().await;\n" -" phil.eat().await;\n" -" }\n" -" });\n" -"\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Output their thoughts\n" -" while let Some(thought) = rx.recv().await {\n" -" println!(\"Here is a thought: {thought}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n" +#~ " a[5] = 0;\n" +#~ " println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n" +#~ " a[5] = 0;\n" +#~ " println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n" +#~ " println!(\"1st index: {}\", t.0);\n" +#~ " println!(\"2nd index: {}\", t.1);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n" +#~ " println!(\"Pierwszy element: {}\", t.0);\n" +#~ " println!(\"Drugi element: {}\", t.1);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:" +#~ msgstr "Podobnie jak C++, Rust ma referencje:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut x: i32 = 10;\n" +#~ " let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n" +#~ " *ref_x = 20;\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut x: i32 = 10;\n" +#~ " let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n" +#~ " *ref_x = 20;\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ " +#~ "pointers." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Podczas przypisywania musimy wyłuskać referencję `ref_x`, podobnie jak w " +#~ "przypadku wskaźników C i C++." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values " +#~ "over their lifetime." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Referencje zadeklarowane jako `mut` mogą być powiązane z różnymi " +#~ "wartościami w czasie ich istnienia." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let ref_x: &i32;\n" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let x: i32 = 10;\n" +#~ " ref_x = &x;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let ref_x: &i32;\n" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let x: i32 = 10;\n" +#~ " ref_x = &x;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to." +#~ msgstr "Mówi się, że referencja „pożycza” wartość, do której się odnosi." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long " +#~ "enough." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Rust śledzi czas życia wszystkich referencji, aby zapewnić, że mają " +#~ "wystarczająco długi czas życia." -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:121 #, fuzzy -msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))" -msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](luhn.md))" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n" +#~ " println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n" +#~ " println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n" +#~ "```" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:125 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: setup\n" -"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n" -"use std::error::Error;\n" -"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n" -"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n" -"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n" -"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: handle_connection\n" -"async fn handle_connection(\n" -" addr: SocketAddr,\n" -" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream,\n" -" bcast_tx: Sender,\n" -") -> Result<(), Box> {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: handle_connection\n" -"\n" -" ws_stream\n" -" .send(Message::text(\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\".into()))\n" -" .await?;\n" -" let mut bcast_rx = bcast_tx.subscribe();\n" -"\n" -" // A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) " -"receiving\n" -" // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n" -" // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n" -" loop {\n" -" tokio::select! {\n" -" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n" -" match incoming {\n" -" Some(Ok(msg)) => {\n" -" let msg = msg.as_text()?;\n" -" println!(\"From client {addr:?} {msg:?}\");\n" -" bcast_tx.send(msg.into())?;\n" -" }\n" -" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n" -" None => return Ok(()),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" msg = bcast_rx.recv() => {\n" -" ws_stream.send(Message::text(msg?)).await?;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" // ANCHOR: main\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" -" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n" -"\n" -" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n" -" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n" -"\n" -" loop {\n" -" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" -" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n" -" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n" -" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" -" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n" -" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n" -"\n" -" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n" -" });\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" -"```" -msgstr "" +#~ msgid "`String` vs `str`" +#~ msgstr "`String` i `str`" -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:210 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: setup\n" -"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n" -"use http::Uri;\n" -"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n" -"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n" -" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::" -"from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n" -" .connect()\n" -" .await?;\n" -"\n" -" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n" -" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n" -" // Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n" -" loop {\n" -" tokio::select! {\n" -" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n" -" match incoming {\n" -" Some(Ok(msg)) => println!(\"From server: {}\", msg." -"as_text()?),\n" -" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n" -" None => return Ok(()),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" res = stdin.next_line() => {\n" -" match res {\n" -" Ok(None) => return Ok(()),\n" -" Ok(Some(line)) => ws_stream.send(Message::text(line." -"to_string())).await?,\n" -" Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" +#~ msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:" +#~ msgstr "Możemy teraz zrozumieć dwa typy łańcuchów w Rust:" -#~ msgid "Day 4: Morning" -#~ msgstr "Dzień 4: Rano" +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s1: &str = \"World\";\n" +#~ " println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n" +#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +#~ " s2.push_str(s1);\n" +#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ " let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n" +#~ " println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Witaj \");\n" +#~ "println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +#~ "s2.push_str(s1);\n" +#~ "println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n" +#~ "println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n" +#~ "```" -#~ msgid "Day 4: Afternoon" -#~ msgstr "Dzień 4: Popołudnie" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range " +#~ "selection." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możesz pożyczyć wycinki `&str` ze `String` za pomocą `&` i opcjonalnego " +#~ "wyboru zakresu." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" +#~ "Fizz_buzz) interview question:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Rustowa wersja słynnego pytania z rozmów o pracę [FizzBuzz](https://en." +#~ "wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz):" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward " +#~ "declarations nor headers are necessary. " +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "W `main` odnosimy się do funkcji napisanej poniżej. Nie ma potrzeby na " +#~ "deklaracje z gory lub na nagłówki. " + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The range expression in the `for` loop in `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contains " +#~ "`=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Wyrażenie zakresu w pętli `for` w `fizzbuzz_to()` zawiera `=n`, powoduje " +#~ "to zawarcie górnego zakresu." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second " +#~ "argument.\n" +#~ "///\n" +#~ "/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n" +#~ "fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n" +#~ " if rhs == 0 {\n" +#~ " return false; // Corner case, early return\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return " +#~ "value\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool { if rhs == 0 { return " +#~ "false; // Szczególny przypadek, wczesne wyjście } lhs % rhs == 0 // " +#~ "Ostatnie wyrażenie w bloku to zwracana wartość }" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Methods are functions associated with a type. The `self` argument of a " +#~ "method is an instance of the type it is associated with:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Rust ma metody, są to po prostu funkcje powiązane z określonym typem. " +#~ "Pierwszy argument metody jest instancją typu, z którym jest powiązana:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's " +#~ "class." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "W dzisiejszym ćwiczeniu i na jutrzejszych zajęciach przyjrzymy się " +#~ "metodom znacznie dokładniej." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n" +#~ " Rectangle { width, height }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n" +#~ " x * y\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "Function Overloading" +#~ msgstr "Przeciążanie funkcji" + +#~ msgid "Overloading is not supported:" +#~ msgstr "Przeciążanie nie jest obsługiwane:" + +#~ msgid "Always takes a fixed number of parameters." +#~ msgstr "Zawsze przyjmuje stałą liczbę parametrów." + +#~ msgid "Default values are not supported:" +#~ msgstr "Wartości domyślne nie są obsługiwane:" + +#~ msgid "All call sites have the same number of arguments." +#~ msgstr "Wszystkie wywołania mają taką samą liczbę argumentów." + +#~ msgid "Macros are sometimes used as an alternative." +#~ msgstr "Makra są czasami używane jako alternatywa." + +#~ msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:" +#~ msgstr "Jednak parametry funkcji mogą być generyczne:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn pick_one(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n" +#~ " if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n" +#~ " println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() { println!(\"rzut monetą: {}\", pick_one(\"orzeł\", " +#~ "\"reszka\")); println!(\"nagroda: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000)); }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "When using generics, the standard library's `Into` can provide a kind " +#~ "of limited polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a " +#~ "later section." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Podczas korzystania z typów generycznych, `Into` z biblioteki " +#~ "standardowej może zapewnić pewnego rodzaju ograniczony polimorfizm typów " +#~ "argumentów. Więcej szczegółów zobaczymy w dalszej części." + +#~ msgid "Day 1: Morning Exercises" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 1: Ćwiczenia poranne" + +#~ msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:" +#~ msgstr "W tych ćwiczeniach przyjrzymy się dwóm częściom Rusta:" + +#~ msgid "Implicit conversions between types." +#~ msgstr "Niejawne konwersje między typami." + +#~ msgid "Arrays and `for` loops." +#~ msgstr "Tablice i pętle `for`." + +#~ msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Kilka rzeczy, które należy wziąć pod uwagę podczas rozwiązywania ćwiczeń:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get auto-" +#~ "completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo](../../cargo." +#~ "md) for details on installing Rust." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Jeśli to możliwe, użyj lokalnej instalacji Rusta. W ten sposób możesz " +#~ "dostać autouzupełnianie w twoim edytorze. Więcej informacji o " +#~ "instalowaniu Rusta znajdziesz na stronie o [Korzystaniu z Cargo](../../" +#~ "cargo.md)." + +#~ msgid "Alternatively, use the Rust Playground." +#~ msgstr "Ewentualnie skorzystaj z Rust Playground." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets " +#~ "lose their state if you navigate away from the page." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Fragmentów kodu celowo nie można edytować: wbudowane fragmenty kodu tracą " +#~ "stan, jeśli opuścisz stronę." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types " +#~ "([unlike C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/" +#~ "implicit_conversion)). You can see this in a program like this:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Rust nie zastosuje automatycznie _niejawnych konwersji_ między typami ([w " +#~ "przeciwieństwie do C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/" +#~ "implicit_conversion)). Możesz to zobaczyć w takim programie:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n" +#~ " x * y\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let x: i8 = 15;\n" +#~ " let y: i16 = 1000;\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiply(x, y));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let ref_x: &i32;\n" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let x: i32 = 10;\n" +#~ " ref_x = &x;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The Rust integer types all implement the [`From`](https://doc.rust-" +#~ "lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-" +#~ "lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) traits to let us convert between " +#~ "them. The `From` trait has a single `from()` method and similarly, the " +#~ "`Into` trait has a single `into()` method. Implementing these traits " +#~ "is how a type expresses that it can be converted into another type." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Wszystkie typy całkowite w Ruście implementują cechy [`From`](https://" +#~ "doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) i [`Into`](https://doc." +#~ "rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) aby umożliwić nam konwersję " +#~ "między nimi. Cecha `From` ma jedną metodę `from()` i podobnie cecha " +#~ "`Into` ma jedną metodę `into()`. Implementacja tych cech to wyrażenie, " +#~ "w jaki sposób można przekształcić dany typ w inny typ." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The standard library has an implementation of `From for i16`, which " +#~ "means that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by " +#~ "calling `i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From " +#~ "for i16` implementation automatically create an implementation of " +#~ "`Into for i8`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Standardowa biblioteka ma implementację `From` dla `i16`, co oznacza " +#~ "że możemy zamienić zmienną `x` typu `i8` na `i16` przez wywołanie `i16::" +#~ "from(x)`. Lub, prościej, za pomocę `x.into()`, ponieważ implementacja " +#~ "`From` dla `i16` automatycznie tworzy implementację `Into` dla " +#~ "`i8`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, " +#~ "so it is sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` " +#~ "implementation automatically." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "To samo dotyczy twoich własnych implementacji `From` dla twoich własnych " +#~ "typów, więc wystarczy zaimplementować tylko `From`, aby automatycznie " +#~ "uzyskać odpowiednią implementację `Into`." + +#~ msgid "Execute the above program and look at the compiler error." +#~ msgstr "Uruchom powyższy program i spójrz na błąd kompilatora." + +#~ msgid "Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Zaktualizuj powyższy kod, aby użyć funkcji `into()` do przeprowadzenia " +#~ "konwersji." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`, " +#~ "`i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try " +#~ "converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the " +#~ "[standard library documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/" +#~ "trait.From.html) to see if `From` is implemented for the pairs you " +#~ "check." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Zmień typy `x` i `y` na inne (takie jak `f32`, `bool`, `i128`), aby " +#~ "zobaczyć, które typy można przekonwertować na inne typy. Spróbuj " +#~ "konwertować małe typy na duże i na odwrót. Sprawdź [dokumentację " +#~ "biblioteki standardowej](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From." +#~ "html), aby zobaczyć, czy `From` jest zaimplementowane dla pary typów, " +#~ "które sprawdzasz." + +#~ msgid "Arrays and `for` Loops" +#~ msgstr "Tablice i pętle `for`" + +#~ msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:" +#~ msgstr "Widzieliśmy, że tablicę można zadeklarować w następujący sposób:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with " +#~ "`{:?}`:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możesz wydrukować taką tablicę, prosząc o jej reprezentację debugowania " +#~ "za pomocą `{:?}`:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ " println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ " println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for` " +#~ "keyword:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Rust pozwala iterować po takich rzeczach, jak tablice i zakresy, używając " +#~ "słowa kluczowego `for`:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ " print!(\"Iterating over array:\");\n" +#~ " for n in &array {\n" +#~ " print!(\" {n}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!();\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n" +#~ " for i in 0..3 {\n" +#~ " print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ " print!(\"Iterowanie po tablicy:\");\n" +#~ " for n in array {\n" +#~ " print!(\" {n}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!();\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```bob\n" +#~ " ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n" +#~ "\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n" +#~ " ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```bob\n" +#~ " ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n" +#~ "\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n" +#~ " ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "Bonus Question" +#~ msgstr "Dodatkowe pytanie" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for " +#~ "your argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-" +#~ "dimensional slice-of-slices. Why or why not?" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Czy mógłbyś użyć wycinków `&[i32]` zamiast zakodowanych na stałe macierzy " +#~ "3 × 3 dla typów argumentów i typów zwracanych? Coś w stylu `&[&[i32]]` " +#~ "dla dwuwymiarowych wycinków-wycinków. Dlaczego tak lub dlaczego nie?" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production " +#~ "quality implementation." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Zobacz [skrzynię `ndarray`](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) dla implementacji " +#~ "produkcyjnej jakości." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the " +#~ "[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Rozwiązanie i odpowiedź do sekcji bonusowej są dostępne w sekcji " +#~ "[Rozwiązanie](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to " +#~ "conditionally evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value " +#~ "which then becomes the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow " +#~ "expressions work similarly in Rust." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Jak widzieliśmy, `if` jest wyrażeniem w Rust. Służy do warunkowego ocenić " +#~ "jeden z dwóch bloków, ale bloki mogą mieć wartość, która następnie staje " +#~ "się wartość wyrażenia `if`. Inne wyrażenia przepływu sterowania działają " +#~ "podobnie w Ruście." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is " +#~ "the return value:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Ta sama reguła jest używana dla funkcji: wartością ciała funkcji jest " +#~ "zwracana wartość:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n" +#~ " x + x\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"doubled: {}\", double(7));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in " +#~ "Rust. " +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Celem tego slajdu jest pokazanie, że bloki mają typ i wartość w Rust." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) is " +#~ "closely related to the [`while let` loop](while-let-expressions.md). It " +#~ "will automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate " +#~ "over it:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Wyrażenie `for` jest blisko spokrewnione z wyrażeniem `while let`. To " +#~ "będzie automatycznie wywołaj `into_iter()` na wyrażeniu, a następnie " +#~ "wykonaj iterację:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " for x in v {\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ " for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"i: {i}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" +#~ " vec.push(30);\n" +#~ " println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[vec.len() / 2]);\n" +#~ " for item in vec.iter() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual." +#~ msgstr "Możesz użyć `break` i `continue` tutaj jak zwykle." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Iteracja indeksu nie jest specjalną składnią w Rust tylko w tym przypadku." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "`(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. " +#~ msgstr "`(0..10)` to zakres implementujący cechę `Iterator`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "`step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every " +#~ "other element. " +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "`step_by` to metoda, która zwraca kolejny `Iterator`, który pomija każdy " +#~ "inny element." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change " +#~ "vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Zmodyfikuj elementy wektora i wyjaśnij błędy kompilatora. Zmień wektor " +#~ "`v` na zmienny, a pętlę for na `for x w v.iter_mut()`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "`loop` expressions" +#~ msgstr "wyrażenia `pętli`" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Here you must either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Wreszcie istnieje słowo kluczowe `loop`, które tworzy nieskończoną pętlę. " +#~ "Tutaj musisz albo `break` albo `return`, aby zatrzymać pętlę:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out." +#~ msgstr "Przerwij `pętlę` wartością (np. `break 8`) i wypisz ją." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let x: i32 = 10;\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ " // x = 20;\n" +#~ " // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let x: i32 = 10;\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ " // x = 20;\n" +#~ " // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the " +#~ "types less and less as the course progresses." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Ze względu na wnioskowanie o typie `i32` jest opcjonalne. Stopniowo " +#~ "będziemy pokazywać mniej typów w miarę postępów w kursie." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic " +#~ "container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, " +#~ "using `_` as a placeholder:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Poniższy kod mówi kompilatorowi, aby skopiował do pewnego ogólnego " +#~ "kontenera bez jawnego określania typu zawartego w kodzie, używając `_` " +#~ "jako symbolu zastępczego:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut v = Vec::new();\n" +#~ " v.push((10, false));\n" +#~ " v.push((20, true));\n" +#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " let vv = v.iter().collect::>();\n" +#~ " println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut v = Vec::new();\n" +#~ " v.push((10, false));\n" +#~ " v.push((20, true));\n" +#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator." +#~ "html#method.collect) relies on [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +#~ "std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), which [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-" +#~ "lang.org/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-" +#~ "HashSet%3CT,+S%3E) implements." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator." +#~ "html#method.collect) polega na `FromIterator`, który \\[`HashSet`\\]" +#~ "(https:/ /doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) " +#~ "implementuje." + +#~ msgid "Static and Constant Variables" +#~ msgstr "Zmienne statyczne i stałe" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = 3;\n" +#~ "const ZERO: Option = Some(42);\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> [u8; DIGEST_SIZE] {\n" +#~ " let mut digest = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE];\n" +#~ " for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n" +#~ " digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE] = digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE]." +#~ "wrapping_add(b);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " digest\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> \\[u8; DIGEST_SIZE\\] { let mut digest = " +#~ "\\[ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE\\]; for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes()." +#~ "iter().enumerate() { digest\\[idx % DIGEST_SIZE\\] = digest\\[idx % " +#~ "DIGEST_SIZE\\].wrapping_add(b); } digest }" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "static BANNER: &str = \"Witamy w RustOS 3.14\";\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let a = 10;\n" +#~ " println!(\"before: {a}\");\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let a = \"hello\";\n" +#~ " println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " let a = true;\n" +#~ " println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " println!(\"after: {a}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ " print!(\"Iterowanie po tablicy:\");\n" +#~ " for n in array {\n" +#~ " print!(\" {n}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!();\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse " +#~ "memory locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if " +#~ "the type does not change." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Poniższy kod ilustruje, dlaczego kompilator nie może po prostu ponownie " +#~ "użyć lokalizacji pamięci podczas przesłaniania niemutowalnej zmiennej w " +#~ "zakresie, nawet jeśli typ się nie zmienia." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let a = 1;\n" +#~ " let b = &a;\n" +#~ " let a = a + 1;\n" +#~ " println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let a = 1;\n" +#~ " let b = &a;\n" +#~ " let a = a + 1;\n" +#~ " println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and " +#~ "`Tails`. You might note the namespace when using variants." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Ta strona oferuje typ wyliczeniowy `CoinFlip` z dwoma wariantami `Heads` " +#~ "i `Tail`. Podczas używania wariantów możesz zwrócić uwagę na przestrzeń " +#~ "nazw." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block." +#~ msgstr "W obu przypadkach powiązane funkcje są zdefiniowane w bloku `impl`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then " +#~ "use the `match` statement to extract the data from each variant:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możesz zdefiniować bogatsze wyliczenia, w których warianty zawierają " +#~ "dane. Możesz wtedy użyć tzw Instrukcja `match` w celu wyodrębnienia " +#~ "danych z każdego wariantu:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There " +#~ "is no fall-through like in C or C++." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Wyrażenia są dopasowywane do wzorców od góry do dołu. Nie ma spadku, jak " +#~ "w C lub C++." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in the " +#~ "match arm which was executed." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Wyrażenie dopasowania ma wartość. Wartość to ostatnie wyrażenie w " +#~ "ramieniu dopasowania, które zostało wykonane." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then run " +#~ "the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. " +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Zaczynając od góry, szukamy wzoru pasującego do wartości, a następnie " +#~ "uruchamiamy kod podążający za strzałką. Gdy znajdziemy dopasowanie, " +#~ "zatrzymujemy się." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "`match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`." +#~ msgstr "`match` sprawdza ukryte pole dyskryminujące w `enum`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::" +#~ "discriminant()`" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możliwe jest odzyskanie wyróżnika przez wywołanie `std::mem::" +#~ "discriminant()`" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs " +#~ "where comparing field values doesn't affect equality." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Jest to przydatne na przykład przy implementacji `PartialEq` dla " +#~ "struktur, w których porównywanie wartości pól nie wpływa na równość." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "`WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::" +#~ "Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined " +#~ "version cannot implement traits, for example." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "`WebEvent::Click { ... }` nie jest dokładnie tym samym co `WebEvent::" +#~ "Click(Click)` z najwyższym poziomem `struct Click { ... }`. Wbudowana " +#~ "wersja nie może na przykład implementować cech." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into " +#~ "account:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Wyliczenia Rust są ciasno upakowane, biorąc pod uwagę ograniczenia " +#~ "wynikające z wyrównania:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum " +#~ "variant." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Wewnętrznie Rust używa pola (dyskryminacyjnego) do śledzenia wariantu " +#~ "enum." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain " +#~ "more than 256 `Option`s together." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Bardziej złożony przykład, jeśli chcesz omówić, co się stanie, gdy " +#~ "połączymy razem więcej niż 256 opcji." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ " let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" +#~ " vec.push(30);\n" +#~ " println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[vec.len() / 2]);\n" +#~ " for item in vec.iter() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The [`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" +#~ "match-expr.html) is used to match a value against one or more patterns. " +#~ "In that sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Słowo kluczowe `match` służy do dopasowania wartości do jednego lub " +#~ "więcej wzorców. W w tym sensie działa jak seria wyrażeń „if let”:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Save the match expression to a variable and print it out." +#~ msgstr "Zapisz wyrażenie dopasowania do zmiennej i wydrukuj je." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error." +#~ msgstr "Usuń `.as_deref()` i wyjaśnij błąd." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "`std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option`, but we cannot " +#~ "match against `String`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "`std::env::args().next()` zwraca `Option`, ale nie możemy " +#~ "dopasować do `String`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "`as_deref()` transforms an `Option` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our " +#~ "case, this turns `Option` into `Option<&str>`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "`as_deref()` przekształca `Option` w `Option<&T::Target>`. W naszym " +#~ "przypadku zmienia to `Option` w `Option<&str>`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside " +#~ "`Option`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możemy teraz użyć dopasowywania wzorców, aby dopasować się do `&str` " +#~ "wewnątrz `Option`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Wzorzec `_` jest wzorcem wieloznacznym, który pasuje do dowolnej wartości." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a " +#~ "wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Przydatne może być pokazanie, jak działa wiązanie, na przykład zastępując " +#~ "symbol wieloznaczny zmienną lub usuwając cudzysłowy wokół `q`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "You can demonstrate matching on a reference." +#~ msgstr "Możesz zademonstrować dopasowanie na podstawie referencji." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable " +#~ "patterns, as the term can show up in error messages." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "To może być dobry moment, aby przywołać koncepcję niepodważalnych " +#~ "wzorców, ponieważ termin ten może pojawiać się w komunikatach o błędach." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:" +#~ msgstr "Możesz także zniszczyć `struktury`:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of " +#~ "fixed length." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Destrukturyzacja plasterków o nieznanej długości działa również z wzorami " +#~ "o stałej długości." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary " +#~ "Boolean expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Podczas dopasowywania możesz dodać _guard_ do wzoru. To jest dowolna " +#~ "wartość logiczna wyrażenie, które zostanie wykonane, jeśli wzorzec pasuje:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możesz użyć zmiennych zdefiniowanych we wzorcu w swoim wyrażeniu if." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Day 1: Afternoon Exercises" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 1: Ćwiczenia popołudniowe" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "We will look at two things:" +#~ msgstr "Przyjrzymy się dwóm rzeczom:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "The Luhn algorithm," +#~ msgstr "Algorytm Luhna" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "An exercise on pattern matching." +#~ msgstr "Wyliczenia i dopasowywanie wzorców." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Copy the code below to and implement the " +#~ "function." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Skopiuj poniższy kod do i zaimplementuj " +#~ "funkcje:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based " +#~ "memory management, and garbage collection." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Zarządzanie pamięcią: stos a sterta, ręczne zarządzanie pamięcią, " +#~ "zarządzanie pamięcią oparte na zakresie i odśmiecanie pamięci." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Własność: semantyka przenoszenia, kopiowanie i klonowanie, pożyczanie i " +#~ "czasy życia." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Structs and methods." +#~ msgstr "Struktury, wyliczenia, metody." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, " +#~ "`Rc` and `Arc`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Biblioteka standardowa: `String`, `Option` i `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, " +#~ "`Rc` i `Łuk`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy." +#~ msgstr "Moduły: widoczność, ścieżki i hierarchia systemów plików." + +#~ msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works." +#~ msgstr "Najpierw odświeżmy, jak działa zarządzanie pamięcią." + +#~ msgid "The Stack vs The Heap" +#~ msgstr "Stos a sterta" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Stack and Heap Example" +#~ msgstr "Stos a sterta" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +#~ " s1.push(' ');\n" +#~ " s1.push_str(\"world\");\n" +#~ " // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n" +#~ " // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead " +#~ "to\n" +#~ " // undefined behavior.\n" +#~ " unsafe {\n" +#~ " let (ptr, capacity, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::" +#~ "transmute(s1);\n" +#~ " println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = " +#~ "{capacity}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +#~ " s1.push(' ');\n" +#~ " s1.push_str(\"world\");\n" +#~ " // NIE PRÓBUJCIE TEGO W DOMU! Tylko dla celów edukacyjnych.\n" +#~ " // String nie gwarantuje rozłożenia pamięci więc to może prowadzić " +#~ "do\n" +#~ " // niezdefiniowanego zachowania.\n" +#~ " unsafe {\n" +#~ " let (capacity, ptr, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::" +#~ "transmute(s1);\n" +#~ " println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = " +#~ "{capacity}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself." +#~ msgstr "Możesz własnoręcznie alokować i zwalniać pamięć sterty." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security " +#~ "vulnerabilities, and memory leaks." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Jeżeli nie jest to zrobione z uwagą to może prowadzić do załamania " +#~ "(\"crash\"), błędów, problemów bezpieczeństwa i wycieków pamięci." + +#~ msgid "C Example" +#~ msgstr "Przykład C" + +#~ msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Musisz wywołać `free` na każdym wskaźniku, który alokujesz za pomocą " +#~ "`malloc`:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```c\n" +#~ "void foo(size_t n) {\n" +#~ " int* int_array = malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " // ... lots of code\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " free(int_array);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```c\n" +#~ "void foo(size_t n) {\n" +#~ " int* int_array = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " // ... dużo kodu\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " free(int_array);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and " +#~ "`free`: the pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory. Worse, " +#~ "freeing the pointer twice, or accessing a freed pointer can lead to " +#~ "exploitable security vulnerabilities." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Pamięć wycieka jeżeli funkcja zwróci pomiędzy `malloc` i `free`: wskaźnik " +#~ "jest stracony i nie możemy zwolnić pamięci." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Konstruktory i destruktory pozwalają wpiąć się do czasu życia obiektu." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object " +#~ "is destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an " +#~ "exception is raised." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Przez opakowania wskaźnika w obiekt, możesz zwolnić pamięć jeżeli obiekt " +#~ "jest zniszczony. Kompilator to gwarantuje, nawet jeżeli rzucony jest " +#~ "wyjątek." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and " +#~ "gives you smart pointers." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Często jest to nazywane inicjowaniem przy pozyskaniu zasobu (ang. " +#~ "_resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII)) i pozwala nam na " +#~ "inteligentne wskaźniki." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```c++\n" +#~ "void say_hello(std::unique_ptr person) {\n" +#~ " std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```c++\n" +#~ "void say_hello(std::unique_ptr person) {\n" +#~ " std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to " +#~ "memory allocated on the heap." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Obiekt `std::unique_ptr` jest alokowany na stosie i wskazuje na pamięć " +#~ "zaalokowaną na stercie." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run." +#~ msgstr "Na końcu `say_hello` jest wywoływany destruktor `std::unique_ptr`." + +#~ msgid "The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to." +#~ msgstr "Destruktor zwalnia pamięć obiektu `Person` na który wskazuje." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Specjalne konstruktory przenoszenia są używane kiedy własność jest " +#~ "przekazywana do funkcji:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```c++\n" +#~ "std::unique_ptr person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n" +#~ "say_hello(std::move(person));\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```c++\n" +#~ "std::unique_ptr person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n" +#~ "say_hello(std::move(person));\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic " +#~ "memory management:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Alternatywą do ręcznego zarządzania pamięcią i zarządzania opartego o " +#~ "zasięg jest automatyczne zarządzanie pamięcią:" + +#~ msgid "The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly." +#~ msgstr "Programista nigdy wyraźnie nie alokuje i nie zwalnia pamięci." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the " +#~ "programmer." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Odśmiecacz pamięci znajduje nieużywaną pamięć i zwalnia ją dla " +#~ "programisty." + +#~ msgid "Java Example" +#~ msgstr "Przykład Javy" + +#~ msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:" +#~ msgstr "Obiekt `person` nie jest zwalniany po zwróceniu z `sayHello`:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```java\n" +#~ "void sayHello(Person person) {\n" +#~ " System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```java\n" +#~ "void sayHello(Person person) {\n" +#~ " System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "Memory Management in Rust" +#~ msgstr "Zarządzanie pamięcią w Ruście" + +#~ msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:" +#~ msgstr "Zarządzanie pamięcią w Ruście to mieszanka:" + +#~ msgid "Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector." +#~ msgstr "Bezpieczne i prawidłowe jak w Javie, ale bez odśmiecania pamięci." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you " +#~ "choose, can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically " +#~ "reference counted." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "W zależności którą abstrakcję (lub kombinację abstrakcji) wybierzesz to " +#~ "może być pojedynczy unikalny wskażnik, zliczanie referencji lub atomiczne " +#~ "zliczanie referencji." + +#~ msgid "Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Oparte o zakres jak w C++, ale kompilator egzekwuje pełne przestrzeganie." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even " +#~ "have no cost at runtime like C." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Użytkownika Rusta wybiera właściwą abstrakcję w zależności od sytuacji, " +#~ "niektóre nie mają nawet kosztu w czasie uruchomienia jak w C." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Rust achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly." +#~ msgstr "Osiąga to przez wyraźne modelowanie _własności_." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually " +#~ "handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +#~ "boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct." +#~ "Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html), or [Arc]" +#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). These encapsulate " +#~ "ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the " +#~ "potential errors in C." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Jeżeli uczniowie zapytają w tym momencie jak, to wspomnij, że w Ruście to " +#~ "przeważnie jest zrobione za pomocą opakowań takich jak [Box](https://doc." +#~ "rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +#~ "std/vec/struct.Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc." +#~ "html), czy [Arc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). " +#~ "Typy te zapewniają własność i alokację pamięci różnymi metodami i " +#~ "zapobiegają potencjalnym problemom w C." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop](https://doc.rust-lang." +#~ "org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) trait is the Rust equivalent." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możesz dostać pytanie o destruktory, cecha [Drop](https://doc.rust-lang." +#~ "org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) to Rustowy odpowiednik." + +#~ msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques." +#~ msgstr "Tutaj z grubsza porównujemy techniki zarządzania pamięcią." + +#~ msgid "Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques" +#~ msgstr "Zalety różnych technik zarządzania pamięcią" + +#~ msgid "Manual like C:" +#~ msgstr "Ręczne jak w C:" + +#~ msgid "No runtime overhead." +#~ msgstr "Brak kosztu w czasie działania." + +#~ msgid "Automatic like Java:" +#~ msgstr "Automatyczne jak w Javie:" + +#~ msgid "Fully automatic." +#~ msgstr "W pełnie automatyczne." + +#~ msgid "Safe and correct." +#~ msgstr "Bezpieczne i prawidłowe." + +#~ msgid "Scope-based like C++:" +#~ msgstr "Oparte o zakres jak w C++:" + +#~ msgid "Partially automatic." +#~ msgstr "Częściowo automatyczne." + +#~ msgid "Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:" +#~ msgstr "Egzekwowane przez kompilator oparte o zakres jak w Ruście:" + +#~ msgid "Enforced by compiler." +#~ msgstr "Egzekwowane przez kompilator." + +#~ msgid "Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques" +#~ msgstr "Wady różnych technik zarządzania pamięcią" + +#~ msgid "Use-after-free." +#~ msgstr "Użycie po zwolnieniu." + +#~ msgid "Double-frees." +#~ msgstr "Podwójne zwolnienie." + +#~ msgid "Memory leaks." +#~ msgstr "Wycieki pamięci." + +#~ msgid "Garbage collection pauses." +#~ msgstr "Pauzy na odśmiecanie pamięci." + +#~ msgid "Destructor delays." +#~ msgstr "Opóźnienie destruktorów." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Complex, opt-in by programmer (on C++)." +#~ msgstr "Skomplikowane, dobrowolnie używane przez programistę." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Potential runtime overhead" +#~ msgstr "Brak kosztu w czasie działania." + +#~ msgid "Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:" +#~ msgstr "Egzekwowane przez kompilator oparte o zakres jak w Ruście:" + +#~ msgid "Some upfront complexity." +#~ msgstr "Pewna złożoność z góry." + +#~ msgid "Can reject valid programs." +#~ msgstr "Może odrzucić prawidłowe programy." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let p = Point(3, 4);\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let x = 42;\n" +#~ " let y = x;\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "A destructor can run here to free up resources." +#~ msgstr "Destruktor może być uruchomiony żeby zwolnić zasoby." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n" +#~ " let s2: String = s1;\n" +#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +#~ " // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s1: String = String::from(\"Cześć!\");\n" +#~ " let s2: String = s1;\n" +#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +#~ " // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Zawsze jest _dokładnie_ jedno przypisanie do zmiennej, które ma dane na " +#~ "własność." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n" +#~ " let s2: String = s1;\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n" +#~ " let s2: String = s1;\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`." +#~ msgstr "Dane sterty z `s1` są użyte ponownie dla `s2`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Kiedy `s1` wychodzi poza zakres, nic się nie dzieje (dane zostały z niej " +#~ "przeniesione)." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```bob\n" +#~ " Stack Heap\n" +#~ ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +#~ ": : : :\n" +#~ ": s1 : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" +#~ ": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +#~ ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +#~ ": :\n" +#~ "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```bob\n" +#~ " Stos Sterta\n" +#~ ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +#~ ": : : :\n" +#~ ": s1 : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" +#~ ": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +#~ ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +#~ ": :\n" +#~ "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Extra Work in Modern C++" +#~ msgstr "Podwójne zwalnianie pamięci w nowoczesnym C++" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```c++\n" +#~ "std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n" +#~ "std::string s2 = s1; // Duplicate the data in s1.\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```c++\n" +#~ "std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n" +#~ "std::string s2 = s1; // Duplikowanie danych z s1.\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```bob\n" +#~ " Stack Heap\n" +#~ ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +#~ ": : : :\n" +#~ ": s1 : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +#~ ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +#~ ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +#~ "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```bob\n" +#~ " Stos Sterta\n" +#~ ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +#~ ": : : :\n" +#~ ": s1 : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +#~ ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +#~ ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +#~ "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```bob\n" +#~ " Stack Heap\n" +#~ ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +#~ ": : : :\n" +#~ ": s1 : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +#~ ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +#~ ": : : :\n" +#~ ": s2 : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +#~ ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +#~ ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +#~ "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```bob\n" +#~ " Stos Sterta\n" +#~ ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +#~ ": : : :\n" +#~ ": s1 : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +#~ ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +#~ ": : : :\n" +#~ ": s2 : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +#~ ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +#~ ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" +#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +#~ ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +#~ "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn say_hello(name: String) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n" +#~ " say_hello(name);\n" +#~ " // say_hello(name);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() { let name = String::from(\"Alice\"); say_hello(name); // " +#~ "say_hello(name); }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let x = 42;\n" +#~ " let y = x;\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let x = 42;\n" +#~ " let y = x;\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" +#~ " let p2 = p1;\n" +#~ " println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let x = 42;\n" +#~ " let y = x;\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a " +#~ "way to generate code in Rust at compile time. In this case the default " +#~ "implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Jeżeli studenci zapytają o `derive`, to wystarczy powiedzieć, że to " +#~ "sposób na generowanie kodu Rusta w czasie kompilacji. W tym przypadku " +#~ "będą wygenerowane domyślne implementacje cech `Copy` i `Clone`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut a: i32 = 10;\n" +#~ " let b: &i32 = &a;\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n" +#~ " *c = 20;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let ref_x: &i32;\n" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let x: i32 = 10;\n" +#~ " ref_x = &x;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:" +#~ msgstr "Pożyczona wartość ma _czas życia_:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The lifetime can be implicit: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Czas życia może być pominięty: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`." + +#~ msgid "Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`." +#~ msgstr "Czasy życia mogą też być jawne: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the " +#~ "lifetime `a`\"." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Czytaj `&'a Point` jako \"pożyczony `Point` który jest ważny co najmniej " +#~ "w czasie życia `a`\"." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a " +#~ "lifetime yourself." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Czasy życia zawsze są wyliczane przez kompilator: nie można samemu " +#~ "przypisać czasu życia." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed " +#~ "value:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "W dodatku do pożyczania swoich argumentów, funkcja może zwrócić pożyczoną " +#~ "wartość:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" +#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" +#~ " let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" +#~ " let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n" +#~ " println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() { let p1: Point = Point(10, 10); let p2: Point = Point(20, 20); " +#~ "let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2); println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", " +#~ "p3); }" + +#~ msgid "`'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler." +#~ msgstr "`'a` to parameter generyczny, jest wyliczany przez kompilator." + +#~ msgid "Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name." +#~ msgstr "Czas życia zaczyna się `'` i `'a` to typowa domyślna nazwa." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "To _co najmniej_ jest ważne jeżeli parametry są w różnych zakresach." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a new scope (`{ ... }`), " +#~ "resulting in the following code:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Przenieś deklarację `p2` i `p3` do nowego zakresu (`{ ... }`), powinieneś " +#~ "otrzymać poniższy kod:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" +#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" +#~ " let p3: &Point;\n" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" +#~ " p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() { let p1: Point = Point(10, 10); let p3: &Point; { let p2: " +#~ "Point = Point(20, 20); p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2); } println!(\"left-most " +#~ "point: {:?}\", p3); }" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "Zauważ, że teraz kod się nie kompiluje bo `p3` przeżywa `p2`.\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn " +#~ "left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will " +#~ "not compile because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` " +#~ "is unclear." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Zresetuj edytor i zmień sygnaturę funkcji na `fn left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: " +#~ "&'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. To się nie skompiluje bo " +#~ "zależność pomiędzy czasami życia `'a` i `'b` jest niejasna." + +#~ msgid "Another way to explain it:" +#~ msgstr "Inny sposób żeby to wytłumaczyć:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function " +#~ "returns another reference." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Dwie referencje do dwóch wartości są pożyczone przez funkcję i funkcja " +#~ "musi zwrócić inną referencję." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "It must have come from one of those two inputs (or from a global " +#~ "variable)." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Ta referencja musi pochodzić z jednego z dwóch wejść(lub ze zmiennej " +#~ "globalnej)." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Which one is it? The compiler needs to know, so at the call site the " +#~ "returned reference is not used for longer than a variable from where the " +#~ "reference came from." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Która to? Kompilator musi wiedzieć, żeby w czasie wywołania zwracana " +#~ "referencja nie jest używana dłużej niż zmienna z której pochodzi ta " +#~ "referencja." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn erase(text: String) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." +#~ "\");\n" +#~ " let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n" +#~ " let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n" +#~ " // erase(text);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() { let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the " +#~ "lazy dog.\"); let fox = Highlight(&text\\[4..19\\]); let dog = " +#~ "Highlight(&text\\[35..43\\]); // erase(text); println!(\"{fox:?}\"); " +#~ "println!(\"{dog:?}\"); }" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Day 2: Morning Exercises" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 2: Ćwiczenia poranne" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:" +#~ msgstr "Przyjrzymy się metodom implementacji w dwóch kontekstach:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Simple struct which tracks health statistics." +#~ msgstr "Prosta struktura, która śledzi statystyki zdrowotne." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library." +#~ msgstr "Wiele struktur i wyliczeń dla biblioteki rysunków." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec` type tomorrow. For " +#~ "now, you just need to know part of its API:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Jutro dowiemy się znacznie więcej o strukturach i typie `Vec`. Na " +#~ "razie, wystarczy znać część jego API:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" +#~ " vec.push(30);\n" +#~ " let midpoint = vec.len() / 2;\n" +#~ " println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[midpoint]);\n" +#~ " for item in &vec {\n" +#~ " println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" +#~ " vec.push(30);\n" +#~ " println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[vec.len() / 2]);\n" +#~ " for item in vec.iter() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Use this to model a library's book collection. Copy the code below to " +#~ " and update the types to make it compile:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Użyj tego, aby utworzyć aplikację biblioteczną. Skopiuj poniższy kod do " +#~ " i zaktualizuj typy, aby skompilować:" + +#~ msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)" +#~ msgstr "[Rozwiązanie](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the " +#~ "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and " +#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator." +#~ "html) traits." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Model własności Rust wpływa na wiele interfejsów API. Przykładem tego " +#~ "jest tzw [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator." +#~ "html) i [`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait." +#~ "IntoIterator.html) cechy." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. " +#~ "The `Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get " +#~ "`None` back:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Cechy są jak interfejsy: opisują zachowanie (metody) dla typu. The Cecha " +#~ "`Iterator` mówi po prostu, że możesz wywoływać `next`, dopóki nie " +#~ "otrzymasz z powrotem `None`:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "pub trait Iterator {\n" +#~ " type Item;\n" +#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option;\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "pub trait Iterator {\n" +#~ " type Item;\n" +#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option;\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "You use this trait like this:" +#~ msgstr "Używasz tej cechy w ten sposób:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ " let mut iter = v.iter();\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +#~ " println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +#~ " println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +#~ " println!(\"No more items: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +#~ "println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +#~ "println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +#~ "println!(\"Nie ma więcej elementów: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:" +#~ msgstr "Jaki typ zwraca iterator? Sprawdź swoją odpowiedź tutaj:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ " let mut iter = v.iter();\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" +#~ " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ " let mut iter = v.iter();\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Why is this type used?" +#~ msgstr "Dlaczego ten typ jest używany?" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "pub trait IntoIterator {\n" +#~ " type Item;\n" +#~ " type IntoIter: Iterator;\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "pub trait IntoIterator {\n" +#~ " type Item;\n" +#~ " type IntoIter: Iterator;\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?" +#~ msgstr "Tak jak poprzednio, jaki typ jest zwracany przez iterator?" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" +#~ "from(\"bar\")];\n" +#~ " let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" +#~ " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" +#~ "from(\"bar\")];\n" +#~ " let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` " +#~ "loops. They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the " +#~ "resulting iterator:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Teraz, gdy znamy zarówno `Iterator`, jak i `IntoIterator`, możemy budować " +#~ "pętle `for`. Wywołują `into_iter()` na wyrażeniu i iterują wynik iterator:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" +#~ "from(\"bar\")];\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " for word in &v {\n" +#~ " println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " for word in v {\n" +#~ " println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s1: String = String::from(\"Cześć!\");\n" +#~ " let s2: String = s1;\n" +#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +#~ " // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for " +#~ "[`impl IntoIterator for &Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/" +#~ "struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26'a+Vec%3CT,+A%3E) and [`impl " +#~ "IntoIterator for Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." +#~ "html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT,+A%3E) to check your answers." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Eksperymentuj z powyższym kodem, a następnie zapoznaj się z dokumentacją " +#~ "dla [`impl IntoIterator dla &Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/" +#~ "struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) i " +#~ "[`impl IntoIterator dla Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct." +#~ "Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) aby sprawdzić swoje " +#~ "odpowiedzi." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "struct Person {\n" +#~ " name: String,\n" +#~ " age: u8,\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut peter = Person {\n" +#~ " name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n" +#~ " age: 27,\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ " println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ " peter.age = 28;\n" +#~ " println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ " let jackie = Person {\n" +#~ " name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n" +#~ " ..peter\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ " println!(\"{} is {} years old\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "peter.age = 28;\n" +#~ "println!(\"{} ma {} lat\", peter.name, peter.age);\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "let jackie = Person {\n" +#~ " name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n" +#~ " ..peter\n" +#~ "};\n" +#~ "println!(\"{} ma {} lat\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let p = Point(17, 23);\n" +#~ " println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() { let p = Point(17, 23); println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1); }" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is " +#~ "interchangeable with the struct type name" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Funkcja `new` może być napisana przy użyciu `Self` jako typu, ponieważ " +#~ "jest wymienna z nazwą typu struct" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Person {\n" +#~ " name: String,\n" +#~ " age: u8,\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "impl Person {\n" +#~ " fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n" +#~ " Self { name, age }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "impl Person {\n" +#~ " fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n" +#~ " Self { name, age }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Methods are defined in the `impl` block." +#~ msgstr "Metody są zdefiniowane w bloku `impl`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Use struct update syntax to define a new structure using `peter`. Note " +#~ "that the variable `peter` will no longer be accessible afterwards." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Użyj składni aktualizacji struktury, aby zdefiniować nową strukturę za " +#~ "pomocą `peter`. Zauważ, że później zmienna `peter` nie będzie już " +#~ "dostępna." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Use `{:#?}` when printing structs to request the `Debug` representation." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Użyj `{:#?}` podczas drukowania struktur, aby zażądać reprezentacji " +#~ "`Debug`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "We describe the distinction between method receivers next." +#~ msgstr "Następnie opiszemy rozróżnienie między odbiornikami metod." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". " +#~ "These constraints always come together in Rust due to borrow checker " +#~ "rules, and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to reference a " +#~ "struct from multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method " +#~ "on it." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Rozważ podkreślenie słów „wspólny i niezmienny” oraz „unikatowy i " +#~ "zmienny”. Te ograniczenia pojawiają się zawsze razem w Rust ze względu na " +#~ "zasady pożyczania sprawdzania, a `self` nie jest wyjątkiem. Nie można " +#~ "odwołać się do struktury z wielu lokalizacji i wywołać na niej metodę " +#~ "mutacji (`&mut self`)." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "All four methods here use a different method receiver." +#~ msgstr "Wszystkie cztery metody tutaj wykorzystują inny odbiornik metody." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the " +#~ "variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możesz wskazać, jak to zmienia to, co funkcja może zrobić z wartościami " +#~ "zmiennych i czy/jak można jej ponownie użyć w `main`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` " +#~ "twice." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możesz pokazać błąd, który pojawia się podczas próby dwukrotnego " +#~ "wywołania `finish`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static " +#~ "functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables " +#~ "automatic referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust " +#~ "automatically adds in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches " +#~ "the method signature." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Należy zauważyć, że chociaż odbiorniki metod są różne, funkcje " +#~ "niestatyczne są wywoływane w ten sam sposób w głównej części. Rust " +#~ "umożliwia automatyczne odwoływanie się i usuwanie odwołań podczas " +#~ "wywoływania metod. Rust automatycznie dodaje `&`, `*`, `muts`, aby ten " +#~ "obiekt pasował do sygnatury metody." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated " +#~ "over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. " +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możesz zauważyć, że `print_laps` używa wektora, który jest iterowany. " +#~ "Wektory opiszemy bardziej szczegółowo po południu." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Day 2: Afternoon Exercises" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 2: Ćwiczenia popołudniowe" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Ćwiczenia na to popołudnie skupią się na ciągach znaków i iteratorach." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,should_panic\n" +#~ "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "pub struct User {\n" +#~ " name: String,\n" +#~ " age: u32,\n" +#~ " height: f32,\n" +#~ " visit_count: usize,\n" +#~ " last_blood_pressure: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "pub struct Measurements {\n" +#~ " height: f32,\n" +#~ " blood_pressure: (u32, u32),\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "pub struct HealthReport<'a> {\n" +#~ " patient_name: &'a str,\n" +#~ " visit_count: u32,\n" +#~ " height_change: f32,\n" +#~ " blood_pressure_change: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "impl User {\n" +#~ " pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, height: f32) -> Self {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " pub fn height(&self) -> f32 {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " pub fn doctor_visits(&self) -> u32 {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " pub fn set_height(&mut self, new_height: f32) {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " pub fn visit_doctor(&mut self, measurements: Measurements) -> " +#~ "HealthReport {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_height() {\n" +#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.height(), 155.2);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_set_age() {\n" +#~ " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n" +#~ " bob.set_age(33);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_visit() {\n" +#~ " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.doctor_visits(), 0);\n" +#~ " let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n" +#~ " height: 156.1,\n" +#~ " blood_pressure: (120, 80),\n" +#~ " });\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(report.patient_name, \"Bob\");\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 1);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, None);\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n" +#~ " height: 156.1,\n" +#~ " blood_pressure: (115, 76),\n" +#~ " });\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, Some((-5, -4)));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "# Statystyki zdrowia\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "Pracujesz nad wdrożeniem systemu monitorowania stanu. W ramach tego ty\n" +#~ "muszą śledzić statystyki dotyczące zdrowia użytkowników.\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "Zaczniesz od niektórych funkcji skrótowych w bloku `impl`, jak również " +#~ "`Użytkownika`\n" +#~ "definicja struktury. Twoim celem jest zaimplementowanie wygaszonych metod " +#~ "na\n" +#~ "`User` `struct` zdefiniowana w bloku `impl`.\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "Skopiuj poniższy kod na i uzupełnij " +#~ "brakujące\n" +#~ "metody:\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "```rust,should_panic\n" +#~ "// TODO: usuń to jak skończysz implementację.\n" +#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "struct User {\n" +#~ " name: String,\n" +#~ " age: u32,\n" +#~ " weight: f32,\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "impl User {\n" +#~ " pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, weight: f32) -> Self {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " pub fn weight(&self) -> f32 {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " pub fn set_weight(&mut self, new_weight: f32) {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " println!(\"Jestem {} i mam {} lat\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_weight() {\n" +#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.weight(), 155.2);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "# Health Statistics\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "{{#include ../../../third_party/rust-on-exercism/health-statistics.md}}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "Copy the code below to and fill in the " +#~ "missing\n" +#~ "methods:\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "```rust,should_panic\n" +#~ "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "{{#include ../../../third_party/rust-on-exercism/health-statistics.rs}}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_height() {\n" +#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.height(), 155.2);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_set_age() {\n" +#~ " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n" +#~ " bob.set_age(33);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_visit() {\n" +#~ " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.doctor_visits(), 0);\n" +#~ " let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n" +#~ " height: 156.1,\n" +#~ " blood_pressure: (120, 80),\n" +#~ " });\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(report.patient_name, \"Bob\");\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 1);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, None);\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n" +#~ " height: 156.1,\n" +#~ " blood_pressure: (115, 76),\n" +#~ " });\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, Some((-5, -4)));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "The common vocabulary types include:" +#~ msgstr "Typowe typy słownictwa obejmują:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional " +#~ "values and [error handling](error-handling.md)." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Typy [`Option` i `Result`](std/option-result.md): używane dla wartości " +#~ "opcjonalnych i [obsługi błędów](error-handling.md)." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[`String`](std/string.md): domyślny typ ciągu używany dla posiadanych " +#~ "danych." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector." +#~ msgstr "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): standardowy rozszerzalny wektor." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing " +#~ "algorithm." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): typ mapy mieszającej z konfigurowalnym " +#~ "haszowaniem algorytm." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "[`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[`Box`](std/box.md): własny wskaźnik dla danych przydzielonych na stercie." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated " +#~ "data." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[`Rc`](std/rc.md): współdzielony wskaźnik zliczania odwołań dla danych " +#~ "alokowanych na stercie." + +#~ msgid "`Option` and `Result`" +#~ msgstr "`Option` i `Result`" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "The types represent optional data:" +#~ msgstr "Typy reprezentują dane opcjonalne:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ " let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n" +#~ " println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " let idx: Result = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n" +#~ " println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" +#~ " vec.push(30);\n" +#~ " println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[vec.len() / 2]);\n" +#~ " for item in vec.iter() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "`Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`." +#~ msgstr "`Option<&T>` ma zerowy narzut przestrzeni w porównaniu z `&T`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "`binary_search` returns `Result`." +#~ msgstr "`binary_search` zwraca `Result`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Jeśli zostanie znaleziony, `Result::Ok` zawiera indeks, w którym element " +#~ "został znaleziony." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should " +#~ "be inserted." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "W przeciwnym razie `Result::Err` zawiera indeks, w którym taki element " +#~ "powinien zostać wstawiony." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` " +#~ "statement thanks to `Deref`. " +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "W powyższym przykładzie możesz nawet pominąć `*` w instrukcji `println!` " +#~ "dzięki `Deref`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Box with Recursive Data Structures" +#~ msgstr "Pudełko z rekurencyjnymi strukturami danych" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::rc::Rc;\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n" +#~ " let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let x = 42;\n" +#~ " let y = x;\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) and " +#~ "[`RefCell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) " +#~ "implement what Rust calls _interior mutability:_ mutation of values in an " +#~ "immutable context." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Używając [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) i " +#~ "[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), możesz " +#~ "wyodrębnić źródła `u8`:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::collections::HashSet;\n" +#~ "use std::mem::transmute;\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::mem::transmute;\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web " +#~ "server. The server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which " +#~ "are matched against _request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a " +#~ "wildcard character which matches a full segment. See the unit tests below." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "W tym ćwiczeniu implementujesz komponent routingu serwera WWW. The serwer " +#~ "jest skonfigurowany z liczbą _prefiksów ścieżki_, z którymi są " +#~ "dopasowywane _zażądaj ścieżek_. Prefiksy ścieżki mogą zawierać symbol " +#~ "wieloznaczny, który pasuje do pełnego segmentu. Zobacz testy jednostkowe " +#~ "poniżej." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library " +#~ "traits." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Cechy: wyprowadzanie cech, metody domyślne i ważna biblioteka standardowa " +#~ "cechy." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and " +#~ "trait objects." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Rodzaje: ogólne typy danych, metody ogólne, monomorfizacja i cecha " +#~ "obiekty." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Testowanie: testy jednostkowe, testy dokumentacji i testy integracyjne." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern " +#~ "functions." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Niebezpieczny Rust: surowe wskaźniki, zmienne statyczne, niebezpieczne " +#~ "funkcje i extern Funkcje." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:" +#~ msgstr "Możesz zadeklarować typ ogólny w swoim bloku `impl`:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Kod ogólny jest przekształcany w kod nierodzajowy na podstawie witryn " +#~ "wywołujących:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "behaves as if you wrote" +#~ msgstr "zachowuje się tak, jakbyś napisał" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits as follows:" +#~ msgstr "Możesz pozwolić kompilatorowi uzyskać szereg cech:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Cechy mogą implementować zachowanie w kategoriach innych metod cech:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name." +#~ msgstr "`impl Trait` umożliwia pracę z typami, których nie można nazwać." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to " +#~ "explain that nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` " +#~ "type. If we used a single `T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint " +#~ "that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type. It would not work " +#~ "for this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely " +#~ "not what `format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` " +#~ "syntax, we'd need two independent generic parameters." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Ten przykład jest świetny, ponieważ dwukrotnie używa `impl Display`. " +#~ "Pomaga to wyjaśnić nic tutaj nie wymusza, że jest to _ten sam_ typ `impl " +#~ "Display`. Gdybyśmy użyli jednego `T: Display`, wymuszałoby ograniczenie, " +#~ "że wejście `T` i zwracany typ `T` są tego samego typu. Nie zadziałałoby " +#~ "to dla tej konkretnej funkcji, ponieważ typ, którego oczekujemy jako dane " +#~ "wejściowe, prawdopodobnie nie co zwraca `format!`. Gdybyśmy chcieli " +#~ "zrobić to samo za pomocą składni `: Display`, potrzebowalibyśmy dwóch " +#~ "niezależne parametry ogólne." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard " +#~ "library:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Przyjrzymy się teraz niektórym z najczęstszych cech standardowej " +#~ "biblioteki Rust:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and " +#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator." +#~ "html) used in `for` loops," +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) i " +#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator." +#~ "html) używane w pętlach `for`," + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and " +#~ "[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) used to " +#~ "convert values," +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) i [`Into`]" +#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) używane do " +#~ "konwersji wartości," + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and [`Write`]" +#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) used for IO," +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) i [`Write`]" +#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) używane do IO," + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`]" +#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... used for operator " +#~ "overloading, and" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`]" +#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... używane do " +#~ "przeciążania operatora i" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) " +#~ "used to construct a default instance of a type." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) " +#~ "używane do konstruowania domyślnej instancji typu." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "`Iterator` implements `fn collect(self) -> B where B: " +#~ "FromIterator, Self: Sized`" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Implementy `Iteratora` `fn zbieraj(ja) -> B Gdzie B: " +#~ "FromIterator, Własny: Wielkości`" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "`Add`, `Mul`, ..." +#~ msgstr "`Dodaj`, `Mul`, ..." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Day 3: Morning Exercises" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 3: Ćwiczenia poranne" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "We will design a classical GUI library using traits and trait objects." +#~ msgstr "Zaprojektujemy klasyczną bibliotekę GUI cech i obiektów cech." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits " +#~ "and trait objects." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Zaprojektujmy klasyczną bibliotekę GUI, korzystając z naszej nowej wiedzy " +#~ "na temat cech i obiekty cech." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:" +#~ msgstr "W naszej bibliotece będziemy mieć kilka widżetów:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "`Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets." +#~ msgstr "`Okno`: ma `tytuł` i zawiera inne widżety." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "`Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the " +#~ "button is pressed." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "`Button`: ma `etykietę` i funkcję wywołania zwrotnego, która jest " +#~ "wywoływana, gdy przycisk jest wciśnięty." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "`Label`: has a `label`." +#~ msgstr "`Etykieta`: ma `etykietę`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below." +#~ msgstr "Widżety zaimplementują cechę `Widget`, patrz poniżej." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Copy the code below to , fill in the missing " +#~ "`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Skopiuj poniższy kod na , uzupełnij " +#~ "brakujące metody `draw_into`, aby zaimplementować cechę `Widget`:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:" +#~ msgstr "Wyjście powyższego programu może być czymś prostym, takim jak to:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the [fill/alignment]" +#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment) formatting " +#~ "operators. In particular, notice how you can pad with different " +#~ "characters (here a `'/'`) and how you can control alignment:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Jeśli chcesz narysować wyrównany tekst, możesz użyć [wypełnienie/" +#~ "wyrównanie](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#wyrównanie) " +#~ "operatory formatowania. W szczególności zwróć uwagę, jak możesz wypełnić " +#~ "różne znaki (tutaj `'/'`) i jak możesz kontrolować wyrównanie:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Korzystając z takich sztuczek związanych z wyrównaniem, możesz na " +#~ "przykład uzyskać takie dane wyjściowe:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Polygon Struct" +#~ msgstr "Struktura wielokąta" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the " +#~ "code below to and fill in the missing " +#~ "methods to make the tests pass:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Stworzymy strukturę `Polygon` zawierającą kilka punktów. Skopiuj poniższy " +#~ "kod na i uzupełnij brakujące metody, aby " +#~ "utworzyć plik testy przechodzą:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the " +#~ "key part of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to " +#~ "modify the tests." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Ponieważ w opisach problemów brakuje sygnatur metod, kluczowa część " +#~ "ćwiczenia polega na ich prawidłowym określeniu. Nie musisz modyfikować " +#~ "testów." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:" +#~ msgstr "Inne ciekawe części ćwiczenia:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes " +#~ "don't borrow their arguments." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Wyprowadź cechę `Kopiuj` dla niektórych struktur, ponieważ w testach " +#~ "metody czasami nie pożyczają swoich argumentów." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be " +#~ "addable via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Odkryj, że cecha `Dodaj` musi zostać zaimplementowana, aby dwa obiekty " +#~ "można było dodawać za pomocą „+”. Pamiętaj, że nie omawiamy leków " +#~ "generycznych aż do dnia 3." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Obsługa błędów w Rust odbywa się za pomocą jawnego przepływu sterowania:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Functions that can have errors list this in their return type," +#~ msgstr "Funkcje, które mogą mieć błędy, wymieniają to w zwracanym typie," + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "There are no exceptions." +#~ msgstr "Nie ma wyjątków." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,should_panic\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ " println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,should_panic\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ " println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Catching the Stack Unwinding" +#~ msgstr "Łapanie rozwijającego się stosu" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when " +#~ "errors are expected as part of normal operation:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Widzieliśmy już enum `Result`. Jest to powszechnie stosowane, gdy " +#~ "występują błędy spodziewane w ramach normalnej eksploatacji:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Propagating Errors with `?`" +#~ msgstr "Propagowanie błędów za pomocą `?`" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you " +#~ "turn the common" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Operator try `?` służy do zwracania błędów do obiektu wywołującego. " +#~ "Pozwala się obrócić wspólne" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "match some_expression {\n" +#~ " Ok(value) => value,\n" +#~ " Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "match some_expression {\n" +#~ " Ok(value) => value,\n" +#~ " Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "some_expression?\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "jakieś_wyrażenie?\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "expression?\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "wyrażenie?\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "match expression {\n" +#~ " Ok(value) => value,\n" +#~ " Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "match wyrażenie {\n" +#~ " Ok(value) => value,\n" +#~ " Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too where " +#~ "possible, to make life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In " +#~ "this case we can't easily do so, because `io::Error` doesn't implement " +#~ "them." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Dobrą praktyką dla wszystkich typów błędów jest implementacja `std::" +#~ "error::Error`, która wymaga `Debugowania` i `Wyświetlanie`. Generalnie " +#~ "pomocne jest dla nich zaimplementowanie `Clone` i `Eq` tam, gdzie to " +#~ "możliwe ułatwi życie testerom i konsumentom Twojej biblioteki. W tym " +#~ "przypadku nie możemy tego łatwo zrobić, ponieważ `io::Error` nie " +#~ "implementuje ich." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, " +#~ "and optionally `Display` (if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) " +#~ "and `From` (if the `#[from]` attribute is added). It also works for " +#~ "structs." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Makro pochodne `thiserror` automatycznie implementuje `std::error::Error` " +#~ "i opcjonalnie `Display` (jeśli podano atrybuty `#[error(...)]`) i `From` " +#~ "(jeśli dodano atrybut `#[from]`). Działa również dla struktur." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Nie wpływa na twój publiczny interfejs API, co czyni go dobrym dla " +#~ "bibliotek." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add " +#~ "contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer custom " +#~ "error types:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Powszechnie używana [mimo wszystko](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) skrzynka " +#~ "może pomóc w dodaniu informacje kontekstowe do twoich błędów i pozwala " +#~ "mieć ich mniej niestandardowe typy błędów:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:" +#~ msgstr "Oznacz testy jednostkowe za pomocą `#[test]`:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests." +#~ msgstr "Użyj testu ładunku, aby znaleźć i uruchomić testy jednostkowe." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the [Playground]" +#~ "(https://play.rust-lang.org/)):" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Testy jednostkowe są często umieszczane w zagnieżdżonym module " +#~ "(uruchamiaj testy na [Plac zabaw](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Calling External Code" +#~ msgstr "Próbki kodu" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. " +#~ "Calling them is thus unsafe:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Funkcje z innych języków mogą naruszać gwarancje Rusta. Powołanie są więc " +#~ "niebezpieczne:" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::mem::size_of_val;\n" +#~ "use std::slice;\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "/// ...\n" +#~ "/// # Safety\n" +#~ "/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n" +#~ "pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n" +#~ " fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n" +#~ " unsafe {\n" +#~ " slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, " +#~ "size_of_val(self))\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n" +#~ "unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "/// ... /// # Bezpieczeństwo /// Typ musi mieć zdefiniowaną reprezentację " +#~ "i brak dopełnienia. niebezpieczna cecha publikacji AsBytes { fn " +#~ "as_bytes(&self) -> &\\[u8\\] { niebezpieczny { slice::from_raw_parts(self " +#~ "jako \\*const Self as \\*const u8, size_of_val(self)) } } }" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Day 3: Afternoon Exercises" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 3: Ćwiczenia popołudniowe" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!" +#~ msgstr "Zbudujmy bezpieczne opakowanie do odczytu zawartości katalogu!" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution](solutions-" +#~ "afternoon.md) provided." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Po obejrzeniu ćwiczenia możesz spojrzeć na podane [rozwiązanie](solutions-" +#~ "afternoon.md)." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "adb logcat -s rust\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "extern \"C\" {\n" +#~ " fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let x = -42;\n" +#~ " let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n" +#~ " println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let a = 1;\n" +#~ " let b = &a;\n" +#~ " let a = a + 1;\n" +#~ " println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```sh\n" +#~ "cargo embed --bin mmio\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```sh\n" +#~ "cargo embed --bin pac\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```sh\n" +#~ "cargo embed --bin hal\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid " server" +#~ msgstr "serwery." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use std::thread;\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn foo() {\n" +#~ " let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +#~ " thread::spawn(|| {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" +#~ " });\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " foo();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s1: String = String::from(\"Cześć!\");\n" +#~ " let s2: String = s1;\n" +#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +#~ " // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::thread;\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " thread::scope(|scope| {\n" +#~ " scope.spawn(|| {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" +#~ " });\n" +#~ " });\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s1: String = String::from(\"Cześć!\");\n" +#~ " let s2: String = s1;\n" +#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +#~ " // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "cargo add scraper\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "cargo add thiserror\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "cargo run\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "cargo run --bin server\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```shell\n" +#~ "cargo run --bin client\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "Korzystanie z Cargo" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages." +#~ msgstr "Na kolejnych stronach znajdziesz rozwiązania ćwiczeń." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on GitHub](https://github." +#~ "com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us know if you have a " +#~ "different or better solution than what is presented here." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Zachęcamy do zadawania pytań dotyczących rozwiązań [on GitHub](https://" +#~ "github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Daj nam znać jeśli " +#~ "masz inne lub lepsze rozwiązanie niż przedstawione tutaj." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "**Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label` " +#~ "comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to " +#~ "re-use parts of the solutions as the exercises." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "**Uwaga:** proszę zignorować `// ANCHOR: etykieta` i `// ANCHOR_END: " +#~ "etykieta` komentarze, które widzisz w rozwiązaniach. Są po to, aby to " +#~ "umożliwić ponownie wykorzystaj części rozwiązań jako ćwiczenia." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Day 1 Morning Exercises" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 1 Ćwiczenia poranne" + +#~ msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))" +#~ msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](for-loops.md))" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Bonus question" +#~ msgstr "Dodatkowe pytanie" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a " +#~ "slice-of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus " +#~ "make our function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks " +#~ "down: the return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the " +#~ "data you return." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Wymaga bardziej zaawansowanych koncepcji. Mogłoby się wydawać, że " +#~ "moglibyśmy użyć wycinka plasterków (`&[&[i32]]`) jako typu wejściowego do " +#~ "transpozycji, a tym samym sprawić, by nasza funkcja obsługiwała dowolny " +#~ "rozmiar macierzy. Jednak to szybko się psuje: zwracany typ nie może być " +#~ "`&[&[i32]]`, ponieważ musi być właścicielem zwracanych danych." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "You can attempt to use something like `Vec>`, but this doesn't " +#~ "work out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec>` to " +#~ "`&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Możesz spróbować użyć czegoś takiego jak `Vec>`, ale to też nie " +#~ "działa od razu po wyjęciu z pudełka: trudno jest przekonwertować z " +#~ "`Vec>` na `&[ &[i32]]`, więc teraz nie możesz też łatwo używać " +#~ "`pretty_print`." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::" +#~ "convert::AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html) " +#~ "trait to abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Gdy przejdziemy do cech i typów ogólnych, będziemy mogli użyć cechy " +#~ "[`std::convert::AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef." +#~ "html) do abstrakcji na wszystkim, co można nazwać plasterkiem." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are " +#~ "of the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Ponadto sam typ nie wymuszałby, aby wycinki potomne były tej samej " +#~ "długości, więc taka zmienna mogłaby zawierać nieprawidłową macierz." + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Day 1 Afternoon Exercises" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 1 Ćwiczenia popołudniowe" + +#~ msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))" +#~ msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](luhn.md))" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +#~ "//\n" +#~ "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +#~ "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +#~ "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +#~ "//\n" +#~ "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +#~ "//\n" +#~ "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +#~ "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +#~ "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or " +#~ "implied.\n" +#~ "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +#~ "// limitations under the License.\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR: luhn\n" +#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n" +#~ " let mut digits_seen = 0;\n" +#~ " let mut sum = 0;\n" +#~ " for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ')." +#~ "enumerate() {\n" +#~ " match ch.to_digit(10) {\n" +#~ " Some(d) => {\n" +#~ " sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n" +#~ " let dd = d * 2;\n" +#~ " dd / 10 + dd % 10\n" +#~ " } else {\n" +#~ " d\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ " digits_seen += 1;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " None => return false,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " if digits_seen < 2 {\n" +#~ " return false;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " sum % 10 == 0\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n" +#~ " println!(\n" +#~ " \"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n" +#~ " if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n" +#~ " );\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "# Dzień 2 Ćwiczenia popołudniowe\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "## Algorytm Luhna\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "([powrót do ćwiczenia](luhn.md))\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR: luhn\n" +#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n" +#~ " let mut digits_seen = 0;\n" +#~ " let mut sum = 0;\n" +#~ " for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ')." +#~ "enumerate() {\n" +#~ " match ch.to_digit(10) {\n" +#~ " Some(d) => {\n" +#~ " sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n" +#~ " let dd = d * 2;\n" +#~ " dd / 10 + dd % 10\n" +#~ " } else {\n" +#~ " d\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ " digits_seen += 1;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " None => return false,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " if digits_seen < 2 {\n" +#~ " return false;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " sum % 10 == 0\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n" +#~ " println!(\n" +#~ " \"Czy {} to prawidłowy numer karty kredytowej? {}\",\n" +#~ " cc_number,\n" +#~ " if luhn(cc_number) { \"tak\" } else { \"nie\" }\n" +#~ " );\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "## Łańcuchy i iteratory\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "([powrót do ćwiczenia](strings-iterators.md))\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n" +#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n" +#~ " let prefixes = prefix.split('/');\n" +#~ " let request_paths = request_path\n" +#~ " .split('/')\n" +#~ " .map(|p| Some(p))\n" +#~ " .chain(std::iter::once(None));\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " for (prefix, request_path) in prefixes.zip(request_paths) {\n" +#~ " match request_path {\n" +#~ " Some(request_path) => {\n" +#~ " if (prefix != \"*\") && (prefix != request_path) {\n" +#~ " return false;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " None => return false,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " true\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/" +#~ "abc-123\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/" +#~ "books\"));\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/" +#~ "publishersBooks\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/" +#~ "publishers\"));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/" +#~ "publishers\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Pattern matching" +#~ msgstr "Dopasowywanie wzorców" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Day 2 Morning Exercises" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 2 Ćwiczenia poranne" + +#~ msgid "Designing a Library" +#~ msgstr "Projektowanie biblioteki" + +#~ msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))" +#~ msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](book-library.md))" + +#~ msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))" +#~ msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](strings-iterators.md))" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +#~ "//\n" +#~ "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +#~ "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +#~ "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +#~ "//\n" +#~ "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +#~ "//\n" +#~ "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +#~ "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +#~ "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or " +#~ "implied.\n" +#~ "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +#~ "// limitations under the License.\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n" +#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " let mut request_segments = request_path.split('/');\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " for prefix_segment in prefix.split('/') {\n" +#~ " let Some(request_segment) = request_segments.next() else {\n" +#~ " return false;\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ " if request_segment != prefix_segment && prefix_segment != " +#~ "\"*\" {\n" +#~ " return false;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " true\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate simultaneously over " +#~ "prefix\n" +#~ " // and request segments. The zip() iterator is finished as soon as " +#~ "one of\n" +#~ " // the source iterators is finished, but we need to iterate over all " +#~ "request\n" +#~ " // segments. A neat trick that makes zip() work is to use map() and " +#~ "chain()\n" +#~ " // to produce an iterator that returns Some(str) for each pattern " +#~ "segments,\n" +#~ " // and then returns None indefinitely.\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/" +#~ "abc-123\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/" +#~ "books\"));\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/" +#~ "publishersBooks\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/" +#~ "publishers\"));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/" +#~ "publishers\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "# Dzień 2 Ćwiczenia popołudniowe\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "## Algorytm Luhna\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "([powrót do ćwiczenia](luhn.md))\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR: luhn\n" +#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n" +#~ " let mut digits_seen = 0;\n" +#~ " let mut sum = 0;\n" +#~ " for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ')." +#~ "enumerate() {\n" +#~ " match ch.to_digit(10) {\n" +#~ " Some(d) => {\n" +#~ " sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n" +#~ " let dd = d * 2;\n" +#~ " dd / 10 + dd % 10\n" +#~ " } else {\n" +#~ " d\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ " digits_seen += 1;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " None => return false,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " if digits_seen < 2 {\n" +#~ " return false;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " sum % 10 == 0\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n" +#~ " println!(\n" +#~ " \"Czy {} to prawidłowy numer karty kredytowej? {}\",\n" +#~ " cc_number,\n" +#~ " if luhn(cc_number) { \"tak\" } else { \"nie\" }\n" +#~ " );\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "## Łańcuchy i iteratory\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "([powrót do ćwiczenia](strings-iterators.md))\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n" +#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n" +#~ " let prefixes = prefix.split('/');\n" +#~ " let request_paths = request_path\n" +#~ " .split('/')\n" +#~ " .map(|p| Some(p))\n" +#~ " .chain(std::iter::once(None));\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " for (prefix, request_path) in prefixes.zip(request_paths) {\n" +#~ " match request_path {\n" +#~ " Some(request_path) => {\n" +#~ " if (prefix != \"*\") && (prefix != request_path) {\n" +#~ " return false;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " None => return false,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " true\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/" +#~ "abc-123\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/" +#~ "books\"));\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/" +#~ "publishersBooks\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/" +#~ "publishers\"));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/" +#~ "publishers\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {}\n" +#~ "```" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Day 3 Morning Exercise" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 3 Poranna gimnastyka" + +#~ msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))" +#~ msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](simple-gui.md))" + +#~ msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))" +#~ msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](points-polygons.md))" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "Day 3 Afternoon Exercises" +#~ msgstr "Dzień 3 Ćwiczenia popołudniowe" + +#~ msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))" +#~ msgstr "([powrót do ćwiczenia](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))" #~ msgid "Day 4 Morning" #~ msgstr "Dzień 4 Rano" @@ -24347,9 +26270,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ msgid "On Day 4, we will cover Android-specific things such as:" #~ msgstr "W dniu 4 omówimy kwestie specyficzne dla Androida, takie jak:" -#~ msgid "Building Android components in Rust." -#~ msgstr "Budowanie komponentów Androida w Ruście." - #~ msgid "AIDL servers and clients." #~ msgstr "Serwery i klienty AIDL." @@ -24412,9 +26332,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ msgid "Debian" #~ msgstr "Debian" -#~ msgid "Byte strings" -#~ msgstr "Ciągi bajtów" - #~ msgid "`&[u8]`" #~ msgstr "`&[u8]`" @@ -24759,15 +26676,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" -#~ msgid "" -#~ "```\n" -#~ "println!(\"after: {a}\");\n" -#~ "```" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "```\n" -#~ "println!(\"potem: {a}\");\n" -#~ "```" - #~ msgid "Potential for use-after-free." #~ msgstr "Potencjalne użycie po zwolnieniu." @@ -25406,14 +27314,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ msgid "Key Points: " #~ msgstr "Kluczowe punkty:" -#, fuzzy -#~ msgid "" -#~ "As a niche optimization an enum discriminant is merged with the pointer " -#~ "so that `Option<&Foo>` is the same size as `&Foo`." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "Jako optymalizacja niszowa dyskryminator wyliczeniowy jest łączony ze " -#~ "wskaźnikiem, dzięki czemu `Option<&Foo>` ma taki sam rozmiar jak `&Foo`." - #, fuzzy #~ msgid "`Option` is another example of tight packing." #~ msgstr "`Option` to kolejny przykład ciasnego upakowania." @@ -25733,17 +27633,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ "from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2); assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32); bob.set_age(33); " #~ "assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33); }" -#~ msgid "" -#~ "```rust\n" -#~ "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -#~ "```" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "```rust\n" -#~ "// TODO: usuń to jak skończysz implementację.\n" -#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -#~ "```" - #~ msgid "pub struct Point { // add fields }" #~ msgstr "pub struct Point { // dodaj pola }" @@ -26192,20 +28081,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ msgid " { fn x(&self) -> &T { &self.0 // + 10 }" #~ msgstr " { fn x(&ja) -> &T { &sobie.0 // + 10 }" -#, fuzzy -#~ msgid "" -#~ "```\n" -#~ "// fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n" -#~ "```" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "```\n" -#~ "// fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n" -#~ "```" - -#, fuzzy -#~ msgid "// Syntactic sugar for: // fn add_42_millions\\(x: T) -> i32 { fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into" #~ msgstr "\\>(x: T) -> i32 { fn add_42_milions(x: impl Into" @@ -26381,10 +28256,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ msgstr "" #~ "impl Widget for Window { fn width(&self) -> usize { unimplemented!() }" -#, fuzzy -#~ msgid "This is a small text GUI demo." -#~ msgstr "To jest mała tekstowa demonstracja GUI." - #~ msgid "" #~ "let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| { println!(\"hello!\"); }); assert!" #~ "(result.is_ok());" @@ -26588,17 +28459,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ "\\#\\[derive(Debug)\\] struct DirectoryIterator { path: CString, dir: " #~ "\\*mut ffi::DIR, }" -#~ msgid "" -#~ "impl DirectoryIterator { fn new(path: &str) -> " -#~ "Result\\ { // Call opendir and return a Ok " -#~ "value if that worked, // otherwise return Err with a message. " -#~ "unimplemented!() } }" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "impl DirectoryIterator { fn new(path: &str) -> " -#~ "Result\\ { // Call opendir and return a Ok " -#~ "value if that worked, // otherwise return Err with a message. " -#~ "unimplemented!() } }" - #~ msgid "" #~ "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator { type Item = OsString; fn next(&mut " #~ "self) -> Option" @@ -26606,12 +28466,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator { type Item = OsString; fn next(&mut " #~ "self) -> Option" -#~ msgid "" -#~ " { // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back. " -#~ "unimplemented!() } }" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ " { // Wywołuj readdir do uzyskania wskaźnika NULL. unimplemented!() } }" - #~ msgid "" #~ "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator { fn drop(&mut self) { // Call closedir " #~ "as needed. unimplemented!() } }" @@ -26628,9 +28482,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ "\")?; println!(\"pliki: {:#?}\", iter.collect::\\>()); " #~ "Ok(()) }" -#~ msgid "Welcome to Day 4" -#~ msgstr "Witamy w dniu 4" - #, fuzzy #~ msgid "Today we will look at two main topics:" #~ msgstr "Dzisiaj przyjrzymy się dwóm głównym tematom:" @@ -26657,38 +28508,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ msgid "We still need to acquire the `Mutex` to print our `Vec`." #~ msgstr "Nadal musimy zdobyć `Mutex`, aby wydrukować nasz `Vec`." -#, fuzzy -#~ msgid "" -#~ "struct Philosopher { name: String, // left_fork: ... // " -#~ "right_fork: ... // thoughts: ... }" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "struktura Filozof { imię: Ciąg, // lewy_fork: ... // widelec_w " -#~ "prawo: ... // myśli: ... }" - -#, fuzzy -#~ msgid "fn main() { // Create forks" -#~ msgstr "fn main() { // Utwórz rozwidlenia" - -#, fuzzy -#~ msgid "" -#~ "```\n" -#~ "// Create philosophers\n" -#~ "```" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "```\n" -#~ "// Twórz filozofów\n" -#~ "```" - -#, fuzzy -#~ msgid "" -#~ "```\n" -#~ "// Make them think and eat\n" -#~ "```" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "```\n" -#~ "// Niech myślą i jedzą\n" -#~ "```" - #~ msgid "" #~ "\\#\\[derive(Error, Debug)\\] enum Error { \\#\\[error(\"request error: " #~ "{0}\")\\] ReqwestError(#\\[from\\] reqwest::Error), }" @@ -26706,15 +28525,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ "OK (prawidłowe_adresy URL)\n" #~ "```" -#~ msgid "" -#~ "```rust\n" -#~ "//! Rust demo.\n" -#~ "```" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "```rust\n" -#~ "//! Rust demo.\n" -#~ "```" - #~ msgid "" #~ "```rust,ignore\n" #~ "//! Rust demo.\n" @@ -26724,18 +28534,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ "//! Rust demo.\n" #~ "```" -#, fuzzy -#~ msgid "impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}" -#~ msgstr "impl binder::Interfejs dla BirthdayService {}" - -#, fuzzy -#~ msgid "" -#~ "/// Connect to the BirthdayService. pub fn connect() -> Result\\ " -#~ "Wynik\\ { binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER) }" #~ msgstr ", binder::StatusCode> { binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER) }" @@ -27125,9 +28923,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ msgstr "" #~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests \\#\\[cfg(test)\\] mod tests { use super::\\*;" -#~ msgid "} // ANCHOR_END: unit-tests" -#~ msgstr "} // ANCHOR_END: unit-tests" - #~ msgid "fn main() {}" #~ msgstr "fn main() {}" @@ -27249,9 +29044,6 @@ msgstr "" #~ "// ANCHOR: setup pub trait Widget { /// Naturalna szerokość `self`. fn " #~ "width(&self) -> usize;" -#~ msgid "// ANCHOR_END: setup" -#~ msgstr "// ANCHOR_END: setup" - #~ msgid "" #~ "// ANCHOR: Window-width impl Widget for Window { fn width(&self) -> usize " #~ "{ // ANCHOR_END: Window-width std::cmp::max( self.title.chars().count(), "