From ea846407fb4101d53a9aa9891460bd723dedf102 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: rastringer Date: Wed, 31 May 2023 14:06:21 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] pt-BR: Updates Brazilian Portuguese translation to add new content (with cloud-translate) (#687) * Updates Brazilian Portuguese translation with cloud-translate, will need fine-tuning * no-wrap version for pt-BR update --- po/pt-BR.po | 25072 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 17037 insertions(+), 8035 deletions(-) diff --git a/po/pt-BR.po b/po/pt-BR.po index 0e8d1361..92442e5d 100644 --- a/po/pt-BR.po +++ b/po/pt-BR.po @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n" "POT-Creation-Date: \n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-08 14:55+0200\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-25 16:33+0100\n" "Last-Translator: \n" "Language-Team: \n" "Language: pt_BR\n" @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ msgstr "" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n" -"X-Generator: Poedit 3.2.2\n" +"X-Generator: Poedit 3.3.1\n" #: src/SUMMARY.md:3 msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀" @@ -29,761 +29,1031 @@ msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts" msgstr "Atalhos do Teclado" #: src/SUMMARY.md:7 +msgid "Translations" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:8 msgid "Using Cargo" msgstr "Usando o Cargo" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:8 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:9 msgid "Rust Ecosystem" msgstr "O Ecossistema do Rust" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:9 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:10 msgid "Code Samples" msgstr "Amostras de Código" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:10 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:11 msgid "Running Cargo Locally" msgstr "Executando o Cargo Localmente" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:13 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:14 msgid "Day 1: Morning" msgstr "Dia 1: Manhã" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:17 src/SUMMARY.md:73 src/SUMMARY.md:126 src/SUMMARY.md:182 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:18 src/SUMMARY.md:75 src/SUMMARY.md:128 src/SUMMARY.md:185 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:211 src/SUMMARY.md:259 msgid "Welcome" msgstr "Bem-vindo" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:18 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:19 msgid "What is Rust?" msgstr "O que é Rust?" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:19 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:20 msgid "Hello World!" msgstr "Olá Mundo!" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:20 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:21 msgid "Small Example" msgstr "Um Pequeno Exemplo" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:21 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:22 msgid "Why Rust?" msgstr "Por que Rust?" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:22 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:23 msgid "Compile Time Guarantees" msgstr "Garantias em Tempo de Compilação" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:23 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:24 msgid "Runtime Guarantees" msgstr "Garantias em Tempo de Execução" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:24 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:25 msgid "Modern Features" msgstr "Recursos Modernos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:25 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:26 msgid "Basic Syntax" msgstr "Sintaxe Básica" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:26 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:27 msgid "Scalar Types" msgstr "Tipos Escalares" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:27 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:28 msgid "Compound Types" msgstr "Tipos Compostos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:28 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:29 msgid "References" msgstr "Referências" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:29 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:30 msgid "Dangling References" msgstr "Referências Pendentes" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:30 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:31 msgid "Slices" msgstr "Slices" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:31 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:32 msgid "String vs str" msgstr "String vs str" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:32 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:33 msgid "Functions" msgstr "Funções" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:33 src/SUMMARY.md:80 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:34 +msgid "Rustdoc" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:35 src/SUMMARY.md:82 msgid "Methods" msgstr "Métodos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:34 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:36 msgid "Overloading" msgstr "Sobrecarga" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:35 src/SUMMARY.md:64 src/SUMMARY.md:88 src/SUMMARY.md:117 src/SUMMARY.md:146 src/SUMMARY.md:174 -#: src/SUMMARY.md:197 src/SUMMARY.md:224 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:37 src/SUMMARY.md:66 src/SUMMARY.md:90 src/SUMMARY.md:119 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:148 src/SUMMARY.md:177 src/SUMMARY.md:204 src/SUMMARY.md:225 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:251 src/SUMMARY.md:273 src/SUMMARY.md:293 msgid "Exercises" msgstr "Exercícios" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:36 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:38 msgid "Implicit Conversions" msgstr "Conversões Implícitas" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:37 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:39 msgid "Arrays and for Loops" msgstr "Vetores e Laços For" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:39 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:41 msgid "Day 1: Afternoon" msgstr "Dia 1: Tarde" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:41 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:43 msgid "Variables" msgstr "Variáveis" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:42 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:44 msgid "Type Inference" msgstr "Inferência de Tipo" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:43 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:45 msgid "static & const" msgstr "static & const" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:44 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:46 msgid "Scopes and Shadowing" msgstr "Escopos e Sobreposição" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:45 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:47 msgid "Memory Management" msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:46 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:48 msgid "Stack vs Heap" msgstr "Stack vs Heap" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:47 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:49 msgid "Stack Memory" msgstr "Memória de Pilha" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:48 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:50 msgid "Manual Memory Management" msgstr "Gerenciamento Manual de Memória" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:49 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:51 msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management" msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória Baseado em Escopo" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:50 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:52 msgid "Garbage Collection" msgstr "Garbage Collection (Coletor de lixo)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:51 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:53 msgid "Rust Memory Management" msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória do Rust" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:52 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:54 msgid "Comparison" msgstr "Comparação" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:53 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:55 msgid "Ownership" msgstr "Ownership" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:54 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:56 msgid "Move Semantics" msgstr "Semântica do move (mover)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:55 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:57 msgid "Moved Strings in Rust" msgstr "Strings Movidas em Rust" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:56 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:58 msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++" msgstr "Liberações Duplas em C++ Moderno" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:57 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:59 msgid "Moves in Function Calls" msgstr "Move em Chamadas de Função" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:58 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:60 msgid "Copying and Cloning" msgstr "Copiar e Clonar" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:59 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:61 msgid "Borrowing" msgstr "Empréstimo" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:60 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:62 msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows" msgstr "Empréstimos Compartilhados e Únicos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:61 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:63 msgid "Lifetimes" msgstr "Tempos de Vida (Lifetimes)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:62 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:64 msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls" msgstr "Tempos de vida (Lifetimes) em Chamadas de Função" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:63 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:65 msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures" msgstr "Tempos de Vida em Estruturas de Dados" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:65 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:67 msgid "Designing a Library" msgstr "Projetando uma Biblioteca" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:66 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:68 msgid "Iterators and Ownership" msgstr "Iteradores e Propriedade (Ownership)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:69 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:71 msgid "Day 2: Morning" msgstr "Dia 2: Manhã" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:74 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:76 msgid "Structs" msgstr "Structs" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:75 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:77 msgid "Tuple Structs" msgstr "Structs como Tuplas" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:76 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:78 msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax" msgstr "Sintaxe Abreviada de Campos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:77 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:79 msgid "Enums" msgstr "Enumerações (Enums)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:78 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:80 msgid "Variant Payloads" msgstr "Variantes de Carga Útil (payload)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:79 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:81 msgid "Enum Sizes" msgstr "Tamanhos de Enum" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:81 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:83 msgid "Method Receiver" msgstr "Receptor de Método" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:82 src/SUMMARY.md:157 src/SUMMARY.md:192 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:84 src/SUMMARY.md:159 src/SUMMARY.md:272 msgid "Example" msgstr "Exemplo" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:83 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:85 msgid "Pattern Matching" msgstr "Correspondência de Padrões" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:84 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:86 msgid "Destructuring Enums" msgstr "Desestruturando Enums" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:85 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:87 msgid "Destructuring Structs" msgstr "Desestruturando Structs" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:86 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:88 msgid "Destructuring Arrays" msgstr "Desestruturando Vetores" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:87 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:89 msgid "Match Guards" msgstr "Guardas de Correspondência (match)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:89 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:91 msgid "Health Statistics" msgstr "Estatísticas de Saúde" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:90 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:92 msgid "Points and Polygons" msgstr "Pontos e Polígonos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:92 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:94 msgid "Day 2: Afternoon" msgstr "Dia 2: Tarde" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:94 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:96 src/SUMMARY.md:286 msgid "Control Flow" msgstr "Controle de Fluxo" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:95 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:97 msgid "Blocks" msgstr "Blocos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:96 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:98 msgid "if expressions" msgstr "Expressões Se (if)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:97 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:99 msgid "if let expressions" msgstr "Expressões Se (if let)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:98 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:100 msgid "while expressions" msgstr "Expressões Enquanto (while)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:99 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:101 msgid "while let expressions" msgstr "Expressões Enquanto (while let)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:100 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:102 msgid "for expressions" msgstr "Expressões Para (for)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:101 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:103 msgid "loop expressions" msgstr "Expressões de Laço (loop)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:102 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:104 msgid "match expressions" msgstr "Expressões de Correspondência (match)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:103 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:105 msgid "break & continue" msgstr "break e continue" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:104 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:106 msgid "Standard Library" msgstr "Biblioteca Padrão" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:105 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:107 msgid "Option and Result" msgstr "Option e Result" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:106 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:108 msgid "String" msgstr "String" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:107 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:109 msgid "Vec" msgstr "Vec" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:108 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:110 msgid "HashMap" msgstr "HashMap" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:109 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:111 msgid "Box" msgstr "Box" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:110 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:112 msgid "Recursive Data Types" msgstr "Tipos de Dados Recursivos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:111 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:113 msgid "Niche Optimization" msgstr "Otimização de Nicho" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:112 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:114 msgid "Rc" msgstr "Rc" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:113 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:115 msgid "Modules" msgstr "Módulos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:114 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:116 msgid "Visibility" msgstr "Visibilidade" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:115 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:117 msgid "Paths" msgstr "Caminhos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:116 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:118 msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy" msgstr "Hierarquia do Sistema de Arquivos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:118 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:120 msgid "Luhn Algorithm" msgstr "Algoritmo de Luhn" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:119 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:121 msgid "Strings and Iterators" msgstr "Strings e Iteradores" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:122 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:124 msgid "Day 3: Morning" msgstr "Dia 3: Manhã" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:127 -msgid "Traits" -msgstr "Traits" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:128 -msgid "Deriving Traits" -msgstr "Traits Derivados" - #: src/SUMMARY.md:129 -msgid "Default Methods" -msgstr "Métodos Padrão" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:130 -msgid "Important Traits" -msgstr "Traits Importantes" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:131 -msgid "Iterator" -msgstr "Iterator" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:132 -msgid "FromIterator" -msgstr "FromIterator" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:133 -msgid "From and Into" -msgstr "From e Into" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:134 -msgid "Read and Write" -msgstr "Read e Write" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:135 -msgid "Add, Mul, ..." -msgstr "Add, Mul, ..." - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:136 -msgid "Drop" -msgstr "Drop" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:137 -msgid "Default" -msgstr "Default" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:138 msgid "Generics" msgstr "Generics" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:139 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:130 msgid "Generic Data Types" msgstr "Tipos de Dados Genéricos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:140 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:131 msgid "Generic Methods" msgstr "Métodos Genéricos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:141 -msgid "Trait Bounds" -msgstr "Limites de trait" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:142 -msgid "impl Trait" -msgstr "Trait impl" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:143 -msgid "Closures" -msgstr "Closures" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:144 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:132 msgid "Monomorphization" msgstr "Monomorfização" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:145 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:133 +msgid "Traits" +msgstr "Traits" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:134 msgid "Trait Objects" msgstr "Objetos Trait" +#: src/SUMMARY.md:135 +msgid "Deriving Traits" +msgstr "Traits Derivados" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:136 +msgid "Default Methods" +msgstr "Métodos Padrão" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:137 +msgid "Trait Bounds" +msgstr "Limites de trait" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:138 +msgid "impl Trait" +msgstr "Trait impl" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:139 +msgid "Important Traits" +msgstr "Traits Importantes" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:140 +msgid "Iterator" +msgstr "Iterator" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:141 +msgid "FromIterator" +msgstr "FromIterator" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:142 +msgid "From and Into" +msgstr "From e Into" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:143 +msgid "Read and Write" +msgstr "Read e Write" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:144 +msgid "Drop" +msgstr "Drop" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:145 +msgid "Default" +msgstr "Default" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:146 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..." +msgstr "Add, Mul, ..." + #: src/SUMMARY.md:147 +msgid "Closures: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:149 msgid "A Simple GUI Library" msgstr "Uma Biblioteca GUI Simples" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:149 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:151 msgid "Day 3: Afternoon" msgstr "Dia 3: Tarde" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:151 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:153 msgid "Error Handling" msgstr "Manipulação de Erros" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:152 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:154 msgid "Panics" msgstr "Panics (Pânico)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:153 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:155 msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding" msgstr "Capturando o Desenrolar da Pilha" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:154 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:156 msgid "Structured Error Handling" msgstr "Tratamento Estruturado de Erros" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:155 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:157 msgid "Propagating Errors with ?" msgstr "Propagando Erros com ?" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:156 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:158 msgid "Converting Error Types" msgstr "Convertendo Tipos de Erro" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:158 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:160 msgid "Deriving Error Enums" msgstr "Derivando Enums de Erro" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:159 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:161 msgid "Dynamic Error Types" msgstr "Tipos de Erros Dinâmicos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:160 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:162 msgid "Adding Context to Errors" msgstr "Adicionando Contexto aos Erros" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:161 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:163 msgid "Testing" msgstr "Testando" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:162 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:164 msgid "Unit Tests" msgstr "Testes Unitários" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:163 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:165 msgid "Test Modules" msgstr "Módulos de Teste" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:164 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:166 msgid "Documentation Tests" msgstr "Testes de Documentação" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:165 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:167 msgid "Integration Tests" msgstr "Testes de Integração" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:166 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:168 +msgid "Useful crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:169 msgid "Unsafe Rust" msgstr "Rust Inseguro (unsafe)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:167 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:170 msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers" msgstr "Desreferenciando Ponteiros Brutos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:168 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:171 msgid "Mutable Static Variables" msgstr "Variáveis Estáticas Mutáveis" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:169 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:172 msgid "Unions" msgstr "Uniões" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:170 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:173 msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions" msgstr "Chamando Funções Inseguras" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:171 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:174 msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions" msgstr "Escrevendo Funções Inseguras" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:172 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:175 msgid "Extern Functions" msgstr "Funções Externas" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:173 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:176 msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits" msgstr "Implementando Traits Inseguros" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:175 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:178 msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper" msgstr "Invólucro FFI seguro" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:178 -msgid "Day 4: Morning" -msgstr "Dia 4: Manhã" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:183 -msgid "Concurrency" -msgstr "Concorrência" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:184 -msgid "Threads" -msgstr "Threads" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:185 -msgid "Scoped Threads" -msgstr "Threads com Escopo" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:186 -msgid "Channels" -msgstr "Canais (channels)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:187 -msgid "Unbounded Channels" -msgstr "Canais Ilimitados" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:188 -msgid "Bounded Channels" -msgstr "Canais Delimitados" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:189 -msgid "Shared State" -msgstr "Estado Compartilhado" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:190 -msgid "Arc" -msgstr "Arc" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:191 -msgid "Mutex" -msgstr "Mutex" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:193 -msgid "Send and Sync" -msgstr "Send e Sync" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:193 -msgid "Send" -msgstr "Send" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:193 -msgid "Sync" -msgstr "Sync" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:196 -msgid "Examples" -msgstr "Exemplos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:198 -msgid "Dining Philosophers" -msgstr "Filósofos Jantando" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:199 -msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker" -msgstr "Verificador de Links Multi-Threads" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:201 -msgid "Day 4: Afternoon" -msgstr "Dia 4: Tarde" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:205 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:181 src/SUMMARY.md:249 msgid "Android" msgstr "Android" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:206 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:186 msgid "Setup" msgstr "Configurar" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:207 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:187 msgid "Build Rules" msgstr "Regras de Construção" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:208 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:188 msgid "Binary" msgstr "Binário" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:209 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:189 msgid "Library" msgstr "Biblioteca" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:210 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:190 msgid "AIDL" msgstr "AIDL" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:211 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:191 msgid "Interface" msgstr "Interface" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:212 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:192 msgid "Implementation" msgstr "Implementação" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:213 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:193 msgid "Server" msgstr "Servidor" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:214 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:194 msgid "Deploy" msgstr "Implantar" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:215 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:195 msgid "Client" msgstr "Cliente" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:216 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:196 msgid "Changing API" msgstr "Alterando API" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:217 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:197 src/SUMMARY.md:240 msgid "Logging" msgstr "Gerando Registros (Log)" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:218 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:198 msgid "Interoperability" msgstr "Interoperabilidade" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:219 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:199 msgid "With C" msgstr "Com C" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:220 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:200 msgid "Calling C with Bindgen" msgstr "Chamando C com Bindgen" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:221 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:201 msgid "Calling Rust from C" msgstr "Chamando Rust do C" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:222 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:202 msgid "With C++" msgstr "Com C++" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:223 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:203 msgid "With Java" msgstr "Com Java" +#: src/SUMMARY.md:207 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Bare Metal: Morning" +msgstr "Dia 1: Manhã" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:212 +msgid "no_std" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:213 +#, fuzzy +msgid "A Minimal Example" +msgstr "# Um pequeno exemplo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:214 +msgid "alloc" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:215 +msgid "Microcontrollers" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:216 +msgid "Raw MMIO" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:217 +msgid "PACs" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:218 +msgid "HAL Crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:219 +msgid "Board Support Crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:220 +msgid "The Type State Pattern" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:221 +msgid "embedded-hal" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:222 +msgid "probe-rs, cargo-embed" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:223 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Debugging" +msgstr "Gerando Registros (Log)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:224 src/SUMMARY.md:242 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Other Projects" +msgstr "Outros recursos" + #: src/SUMMARY.md:226 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Compass" +msgstr "Comparação" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:228 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Bare Metal: Afternoon" +msgstr "Dia 1: Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:230 +msgid "Application Processors" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:231 +msgid "Inline Assembly" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:232 +msgid "MMIO" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:233 +msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:234 +#, fuzzy +msgid "More Traits" +msgstr "# Traits (Características)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:235 +msgid "A Better UART Driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:236 +msgid "Bitflags" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:237 +msgid "Multiple Registers" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:238 +msgid "Driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:239 src/SUMMARY.md:241 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Using It" +msgstr "Usando o Cargo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:243 +msgid "Useful Crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:244 +msgid "zerocopy" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:245 +msgid "aarch64-paging" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:246 +msgid "buddy_system_allocator" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:247 +msgid "tinyvec" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:248 +msgid "spin" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:250 +msgid "vmbase" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:252 +msgid "RTC Driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:255 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Concurrency: Morning" +msgstr "Concorrência" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:260 +msgid "Threads" +msgstr "Threads" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:261 +msgid "Scoped Threads" +msgstr "Threads com Escopo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:262 +msgid "Channels" +msgstr "Canais (channels)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:263 +msgid "Unbounded Channels" +msgstr "Canais Ilimitados" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:264 +msgid "Bounded Channels" +msgstr "Canais Delimitados" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:265 +msgid "Send and Sync" +msgstr "Send e Sync" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:265 +msgid "Send" +msgstr "Send" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:265 +msgid "Sync" +msgstr "Sync" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:268 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "Exemplos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:269 +msgid "Shared State" +msgstr "Estado Compartilhado" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:270 +msgid "Arc" +msgstr "Arc" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:271 +msgid "Mutex" +msgstr "Mutex" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:274 src/SUMMARY.md:294 +msgid "Dining Philosophers" +msgstr "Filósofos Jantando" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:275 +msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker" +msgstr "Verificador de Links Multi-Threads" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:277 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Concurrency: Afternoon" +msgstr "Concorrência" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:279 +msgid "Async Basics" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:280 +msgid "async/await" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:281 +msgid "Futures" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:282 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Runtimes" +msgstr "Garantias em Tempo de Execução" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:283 +msgid "Tokio" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:284 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Tasks" +msgstr "## Tarefas" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:285 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Async Channels" +msgstr "# Channels (Canais)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:287 +msgid "Join" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:288 +msgid "Select" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:289 +msgid "Pitfalls" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:290 +msgid "Blocking the Executor" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:291 +msgid "Pin" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:292 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Async Traits" +msgstr "# Traits (Características)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:295 +msgid "Broadcast Chat Application" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:298 msgid "Final Words" msgstr "Palavras Finais" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:228 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:302 msgid "Thanks!" msgstr "Obrigado!" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:229 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:303 msgid "Other Resources" msgstr "Outros recursos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:230 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:304 msgid "Credits" msgstr "Créditos" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:234 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:307 msgid "Solutions" msgstr "Soluções" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:239 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:312 msgid "Day 1 Morning" msgstr "Dia 1 Manhã" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:240 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:313 msgid "Day 1 Afternoon" msgstr "Dia 1 Tarde" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:241 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:314 msgid "Day 2 Morning" msgstr "Dia 2 Manhã" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:242 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:315 msgid "Day 2 Afternoon" msgstr "Dia 2 Tarde" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:243 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:316 msgid "Day 3 Morning" msgstr "Dia 3 Manhã" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:244 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:317 msgid "Day 3 Afternoon" msgstr "Dia 3 Tarde" -#: src/SUMMARY.md:245 -msgid "Day 4 Morning" -msgstr "Dia 4 Manhã" +#: src/SUMMARY.md:318 +msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:319 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon" +msgstr "Dia 1 Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:320 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Concurrency Morning" +msgstr "Concorrência" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:321 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Concurrency Afternoon" +msgstr "Concorrência" #: src/welcome.md:1 msgid "# Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀" msgstr "# Bem-vindo ao Comprehensive Rust 🦀" +#: src/welcome.md:3 +msgid "[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome.md:3 +msgid "Build workflow" +msgstr "" + #: src/welcome.md:3 msgid "" -"This is a four day Rust course developed by the Android team. The course covers\n" +"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain)\n" +"[![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome.md:4 +msgid "GitHub contributors" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome.md:4 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors)\n" +"[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" +msgstr "" +"[1]: https://source.android.com/docs/setup/download/downloading\n" +"[2]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust\n" +"[3]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/86\n" +"[4]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100" + +#: src/welcome.md:5 +msgid "GitHub stars" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome.md:5 +msgid "[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome.md:7 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"This is a three day Rust course developed by the Android team. The course covers\n" "the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced topics like generics\n" "and error handling. It also includes Android-specific content on the last day." msgstr "" @@ -791,7 +1061,7 @@ msgstr "" "o espectro completo do Rust, desde a sintaxe básica até tópicos avançados como 'generics'\n" "e tratamento de erros. Também inclui conteúdo específico para Android no último dia." -#: src/welcome.md:7 +#: src/welcome.md:11 msgid "" "The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know anything\n" "about Rust and hope to:" @@ -799,7 +1069,7 @@ msgstr "" "O objetivo do curso é ensinar Rust a você. Nós assumimos que você não sabe nada\n" "sobre Rust e esperamos:" -#: src/welcome.md:10 +#: src/welcome.md:14 msgid "" "* Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language.\n" "* Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust.\n" @@ -809,35 +1079,30 @@ msgstr "" "* Permitir que você modifique programas existentes e escreva novos programas em Rust.\n" "* Demonstrar expressões idiomáticas comuns de Rust." -#: src/welcome.md:14 -msgid "On Day 4, we will cover Android-specific things such as:" -msgstr "No Dia 4, abordaremos assuntos específicos do Android, como:" - -#: src/welcome.md:16 +#: src/welcome.md:18 msgid "" -"* Building Android components in Rust.\n" -"* AIDL servers and clients.\n" -"* Interoperability with C, C++, and Java." +"The first three days show you the fundamentals of Rust. Following this, you're\n" +"invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:" msgstr "" -"* Construindo componentes Android em Rust.\n" -"* Servidores e clientes AIDL.\n" -"* Interoperabilidade com C, C++ e Java." -#: src/welcome.md:20 +#: src/welcome.md:21 msgid "" -"It is important to note that this course does not cover Android **application** \n" -"development in Rust, and that the Android-specific parts are specifically about\n" -"writing code for Android itself, the operating system. " +"* [Android](android.md): a half-day course on using Rust for Android platform\n" +" development (AOSP). This includes interoperability with C, C++, and Java.\n" +"* [Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): a full day class on using Rust for bare-metal\n" +" (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application processors are\n" +" covered.\n" +"* [Concurrency](concurrency.md): a full day class on concurrency in Rust. We\n" +" cover both classical concurrency (preemptively scheduling using threads and\n" +" mutexes) and async/await concurrency (cooperative multitasking using\n" +" futures)." msgstr "" -"É importante observar que este curso não cobre o desenvolvimento de **aplicativos** para Android\n" -"em Rust, e que as partes específicas do Android são relacionadas a\n" -"escrever código para o sistema operacional Android." -#: src/welcome.md:24 +#: src/welcome.md:32 msgid "## Non-Goals" msgstr "## Fora do escopo" -#: src/welcome.md:26 +#: src/welcome.md:34 msgid "" "Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few days.\n" "Some non-goals of this course are:" @@ -845,29 +1110,22 @@ msgstr "" "Rust é uma linguagem extensa e não conseguiremos cobrir tudo em poucos dias.\n" "Alguns assuntos que não são objetivos deste curso são:" -#: src/welcome.md:29 +#: src/welcome.md:37 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"* Learn how to use async Rust --- we'll only mention async Rust when\n" -" covering traditional concurrency primitives. Please see [Asynchronous\n" -" Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) instead for\n" -" details on this topic.\n" "* Learn how to develop macros, please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust\n" " Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by\n" " Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead." msgstr "" -"* Uso de async Rust --- só mencionaremos o async Rust quando\n" -" cobrirmos primitivas de concorrência tradicionais. Consulte [Assíncrono\n" -" Programação em Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) para mais\n" -" detalhes sobre este tema.\n" -"* Desenvolvimento de macros, consulte [Capítulo 19.5 no Rust\n" -" Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) e [Rust by\n" -" Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) em vez disso." +"A seguir, abordaremos brevemente os recursos inseguros. Para detalhes completos, consulte o\n" +"[Capítulo 19.1 no Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html)\n" +"e o [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)." -#: src/welcome.md:37 +#: src/welcome.md:41 msgid "## Assumptions" msgstr "## Suposições" -#: src/welcome.md:39 +#: src/welcome.md:43 msgid "" "The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a statically\n" "typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and C++ to better\n" @@ -877,7 +1135,7 @@ msgstr "" "e às vezes comparamos com C e C++ para melhor\n" "explicar ou contrastar a abordagem Rust." -#: src/welcome.md:43 +#: src/welcome.md:47 msgid "" "If you know how to program in a dynamically typed language such as Python or\n" "JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too." @@ -885,38 +1143,105 @@ msgstr "" "Se você sabe programar em uma linguagem de tipagem dinâmica, como Python ou\n" "JavaScript, então você também será capaz de acompanhar." -#: src/welcome.md:46 src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:19 src/cargo/code-samples.md:22 src/cargo/running-locally.md:68 -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:14 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:19 src/hello-world.md:20 src/hello-world/small-example.md:21 -#: src/why-rust.md:9 src/why-rust/compile-time.md:14 src/why-rust/runtime.md:8 src/why-rust/modern.md:19 -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:28 src/basic-syntax/slices.md:18 src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:25 -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:33 src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:25 src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:9 -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:90 src/basic-syntax/variables.md:15 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:24 -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:46 src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:23 src/memory-management/stack.md:26 -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:12 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:20 src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:18 -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:33 src/ownership/borrowing.md:25 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:23 -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:27 src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:23 -#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:9 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:35 src/structs/field-shorthand.md:25 -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:33 src/methods.md:28 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:33 -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:18 src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:20 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:9 -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:115 src/control-flow/blocks.md:40 src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:29 -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:19 src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:25 src/std/option-result.md:16 -#: src/std/string.md:28 src/std/vec.md:35 src/std/hashmap.md:36 src/std/box.md:32 src/std/rc.md:29 src/modules.md:26 -#: src/modules/visibility.md:37 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:5 src/traits.md:39 src/traits/iterator.md:30 -#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:15 src/traits/operators.md:24 src/traits/drop.md:32 src/traits/default.md:38 -#: src/generics/methods.md:23 src/generics/trait-bounds.md:33 src/generics/impl-trait.md:22 src/generics/closures.md:23 -#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:5 src/error-handling/result.md:25 src/error-handling/try-operator.md:48 -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:48 src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:37 -#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:34 src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:33 src/unsafe.md:26 -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:24 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:30 src/unsafe/unions.md:19 -#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:31 src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:19 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:28 -#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:5 src/concurrency/threads.md:28 src/concurrency/channels.md:25 -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:27 src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:21 src/concurrency/send-sync.md:18 -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:12 src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:10 src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:81 -#: src/exercises/day-4/afternoon.md:10 +#: src/welcome.md:50 src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:19 +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:22 src/cargo/running-locally.md:68 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:14 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:19 +#: src/hello-world.md:20 src/hello-world/small-example.md:21 src/why-rust.md:9 +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:14 src/why-rust/runtime.md:8 +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:19 src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:19 +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:28 src/basic-syntax/references.md:21 +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:18 src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:25 +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:33 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:22 +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:32 src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:25 +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:9 src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:90 +#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:15 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:24 +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:46 +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:23 src/memory-management/stack.md:26 +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:12 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:20 +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:18 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:33 +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:25 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:23 +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:27 +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:23 +#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:9 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:100 +#: src/structs.md:29 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:35 +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:25 src/enums.md:31 +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:33 src/enums/sizes.md:27 src/methods.md:28 +#: src/methods/receiver.md:22 src/methods/example.md:44 +#: src/pattern-matching.md:23 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:33 +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:21 +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:19 +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:20 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:9 +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:115 src/control-flow/blocks.md:40 +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:33 +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:21 +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:24 +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:23 +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:25 +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:26 src/std.md:23 +#: src/std/option-result.md:16 src/std/string.md:28 src/std/vec.md:35 +#: src/std/hashmap.md:36 src/std/box.md:32 src/std/box-recursive.md:31 +#: src/std/rc.md:29 src/modules.md:26 src/modules/visibility.md:37 +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:42 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:5 +#: src/generics/data-types.md:19 src/generics/methods.md:23 +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:70 src/traits/default-methods.md:30 +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:33 src/traits/impl-trait.md:21 +#: src/traits/iterator.md:30 src/traits/from-iterator.md:15 +#: src/traits/from-into.md:27 src/traits/drop.md:32 src/traits/default.md:38 +#: src/traits/operators.md:24 src/traits/closures.md:23 +#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:5 src/error-handling/result.md:25 +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:46 +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:48 +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:37 +#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:34 +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:33 src/unsafe.md:26 +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:25 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:30 +#: src/unsafe/unions.md:19 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:31 +#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:19 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:28 +#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:5 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:81 +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:10 src/bare-metal/minimal.md:15 +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:37 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:23 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:62 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:47 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:37 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:26 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:30 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:17 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:14 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:25 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:16 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:5 src/bare-metal/aps.md:7 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:41 src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:7 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:53 src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:22 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:24 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:35 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:39 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:62 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:49 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:48 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:44 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:43 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:26 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:24 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:21 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:21 src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:19 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:5 src/concurrency/threads.md:28 +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:35 src/concurrency/channels.md:25 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:18 src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:11 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:12 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:27 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:29 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:21 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:10 src/async/async-await.md:23 +#: src/async/futures.md:30 src/async/runtimes.md:18 +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:31 src/async/tasks.md:51 +#: src/async/channels.md:33 src/async/control-flow/join.md:34 +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:59 +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:27 src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:66 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:11 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:75 msgid "
" msgstr "
" -#: src/welcome.md:48 +#: src/welcome.md:52 msgid "" "This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional\n" "information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor should\n" @@ -926,30 +1251,102 @@ msgstr "" "informações aos slides. Estes podem ser pontos chave em que o instrutor deve\n" "cobrir respostas à perguntas típicas que surgem em sala de aula." -#: src/welcome.md:52 src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:67 src/cargo/code-samples.md:35 src/cargo/running-locally.md:74 -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:42 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:29 src/hello-world.md:36 src/hello-world/small-example.md:44 -#: src/why-rust.md:24 src/why-rust/compile-time.md:35 src/why-rust/runtime.md:22 src/why-rust/modern.md:66 -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:62 src/basic-syntax/references.md:28 src/basic-syntax/slices.md:36 -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:54 src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:28 src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:95 -#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:20 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:48 src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:52 -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:39 src/memory-management/stack.md:49 src/memory-management/rust.md:18 -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:26 src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:26 src/ownership/borrowing.md:51 -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:29 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:60 src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:15 -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:103 src/structs.md:41 src/enums/variant-payloads.md:41 src/enums/sizes.md:136 -#: src/methods/example.md:53 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:39 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:15 -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:125 src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:26 src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:29 -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:27 src/std.md:31 src/std/option-result.md:25 src/std/string.md:34 src/std/vec.md:49 -#: src/std/hashmap.md:40 src/std/rc.md:66 src/modules.md:32 src/modules/visibility.md:48 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:11 -#: src/traits.md:54 src/traits/from-iterator.md:26 src/traits/operators.md:38 src/traits/drop.md:42 src/traits/default.md:47 -#: src/generics/methods.md:31 src/generics/closures.md:38 src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:11 -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:55 src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:60 -#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:45 src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:41 -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:42 src/unsafe.md:32 src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:42 -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:35 src/unsafe/unions.md:28 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:38 -#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:28 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:37 src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:11 -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:45 src/concurrency/channels.md:32 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:38 -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:60 src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:18 src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:16 -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:86 src/exercises/day-4/afternoon.md:15 +#: src/welcome.md:56 src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:67 +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:35 src/cargo/running-locally.md:74 +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:42 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:29 +#: src/hello-world.md:40 src/hello-world/small-example.md:44 src/why-rust.md:24 +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:35 src/why-rust/runtime.md:22 +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:66 src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:43 +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:62 src/basic-syntax/references.md:29 +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:36 src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:44 +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:41 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:33 +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:45 src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:30 +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:28 src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:95 +#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:20 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:48 +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:52 +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:39 src/memory-management/stack.md:49 +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:18 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:26 +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:26 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:51 +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:51 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:29 +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:60 +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:30 +#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:15 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:104 +#: src/structs.md:42 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:43 +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:72 src/enums.md:41 +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:45 src/enums/sizes.md:155 src/methods.md:41 +#: src/methods/receiver.md:28 src/methods/example.md:53 +#: src/pattern-matching.md:35 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:39 +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:29 +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:46 +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:28 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:15 +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:125 src/control-flow/blocks.md:46 +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:37 +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:41 +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:29 +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:30 +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:32 +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:33 src/std.md:31 +#: src/std/option-result.md:25 src/std/string.md:42 src/std/vec.md:49 +#: src/std/hashmap.md:66 src/std/box.md:39 src/std/box-recursive.md:41 +#: src/std/rc.md:69 src/modules.md:32 src/modules/visibility.md:48 +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:71 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:11 +#: src/generics/data-types.md:25 src/generics/methods.md:31 +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:83 src/traits/default-methods.md:60 +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:50 src/traits/impl-trait.md:44 +#: src/traits/iterator.md:42 src/traits/from-iterator.md:26 +#: src/traits/from-into.md:33 src/traits/drop.md:42 src/traits/default.md:47 +#: src/traits/operators.md:38 src/traits/closures.md:38 +#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:11 src/error-handling/result.md:33 +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:53 +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:60 +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:45 +#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:41 +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:42 src/unsafe.md:32 +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:43 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:35 +#: src/unsafe/unions.md:28 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:38 +#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:28 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:37 +#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:11 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:86 +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:15 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:65 +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:26 src/bare-metal/alloc.md:49 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:29 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:72 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:65 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:49 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:40 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:43 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:23 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:29 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:38 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:26 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:11 src/bare-metal/aps.md:15 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:58 src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:17 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:27 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:28 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:40 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:46 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:67 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:55 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:52 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:49 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:53 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:33 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:30 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:26 +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:30 src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:25 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:11 src/concurrency/threads.md:45 +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:40 src/concurrency/channels.md:32 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:23 src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:16 +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:18 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:38 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:45 +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:56 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:16 src/async/async-await.md:48 +#: src/async/futures.md:45 src/async/runtimes.md:29 +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:49 src/async/tasks.md:64 +#: src/async/channels.md:49 src/async/control-flow/join.md:50 +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:77 +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:50 src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:112 +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:63 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:17 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:79 msgid "
" msgstr "
" @@ -970,100 +1367,47 @@ msgstr "" "internamente no Google." #: src/running-the-course.md:8 -msgid "To run the course, you need to:" +#, fuzzy +msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:" msgstr "Para executar o curso, você precisa:" #: src/running-the-course.md:10 msgid "" "1. Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker notes\n" -" on some of the pages to help highlight the key points (please help us by\n" -" contributing more speaker notes!). You should make sure to open the speaker\n" -" notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker\n" -" Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class." -msgstr "" -"1. Familiarize-se com o material do curso. Incluímos notas do instrutor\n" -" em algumas das páginas para ajudar a destacar os pontos chave (por favor, ajude-nos\n" -" contribuindo com mais notas do instrutor!). Você deve certificar-se de abrir as notas\n" -" do instrutor em um pop-up (clique no link com uma pequena seta ao lado de \"Speaker\n" -" Notes\"). Dessa forma, você tem uma tela limpa para apresentar à turma." - -#: src/running-the-course.md:16 -msgid "" -"2. Decide on the dates. Since the course is large, we recommend that you\n" -" schedule the four days over two weeks. Course participants have said that\n" +" to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more speaker\n" +" notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker notes in a\n" +" popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker Notes\"). This way\n" +" you have a clean screen to present to the class.\n" +"\n" +"1. Decide on the dates. Since the course takes at least three full days, we recommend that you\n" +" schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants have said that\n" " they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them process\n" -" all the information we give them." -msgstr "" -"2. Decida as datas. Como o curso é grande, recomendamos que você\n" -" agende os quatro dias em duas semanas. Os participantes do curso disseram que\n" -" eles acham útil ter uma pausa no curso, pois os ajuda a processar\n" -" todas as informações que lhes damos." - -#: src/running-the-course.md:21 -msgid "" -"3. Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a\n" -" class size of 15-20 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable\n" +" all the information we give them.\n" +"\n" +"1. Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a\n" +" class size of 15-25 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable\n" " asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have\n" -" time to answer the questions." -msgstr "" -"3. Encontre uma sala suficientemente grande para seus participantes presenciais. Recomendamos\n" -" turmas de 15 a 20 pessoas. Isso é suficientemente pequeno para que as pessoas se sintam confortáveis\n" -" em fazer perguntas --- e para que um instrutor tenha\n" -" tempo para responder às perguntas." - -#: src/running-the-course.md:26 -msgid "" -"4. On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things\n" +" time to answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself and for the\n" +" students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your laptops.\n" +" In particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an instructor, so a lectern won't\n" +" be very helpful for you.\n" +"\n" +"1. On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things\n" " up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your\n" -" laptop (see the [installation instructions][5]). This ensures optimal performance with no lag as you change pages.\n" +" laptop (see the [installation instructions][3]). This ensures optimal performance with no lag as you change pages.\n" " Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as you or the course\n" -" participants spot them." -msgstr "" -"4. No dia do seu curso, chegue um pouco mais cedo na sala para acertar as coisas.\n" -" Recomendamos apresentar diretamente usando `mdbook serve` rodando em seu\n" -" laptop. Isso garante um desempenho ideal sem atrasos quando você muda de página.\n" -" Usar seu laptop também permitirá que você corrija erros de digitação enquanto você ou\n" -" os participantes os identificam." - -#: src/running-the-course.md:32 -msgid "" -"5. Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. Make sure to\n" +" participants spot them.\n" +"\n" +"1. Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups.\n" +" We typically spend 30-45 minutes on exercises in the morning and in the afternoon (including time to review the solutions).\n" +" Make sure to\n" " ask people if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When\n" " you see that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class\n" " and offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant\n" " information in the standard library." msgstr "" -"5. Deixe as pessoas resolverem os exercícios sozinhas ou em pequenos grupos. Tenha certeza de\n" -" perguntar às pessoas se elas estão com dificuldades ou se há algo em que você possa ajudar. Quando\n" -" você vê que várias pessoas têm o mesmo problema, chame a turma\n" -" e ofereça uma solução, por exemplo, mostrando às pessoas onde encontrar as informações relevantes\n" -" na biblioteca padrão." -#: src/running-the-course.md:38 -msgid "" -"6. If you don't skip the Android specific parts on Day 4, you will need an [AOSP\n" -" checkout][1]. Make a checkout of the [course repository][2] on the same\n" -" machine and move the `src/android/` directory into the root of your AOSP\n" -" checkout. This will ensure that the Android build system sees the\n" -" `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`." -msgstr "" -"6. Se você não pular as partes específicas do Android no Dia 4, precisará de um [checkout\n" -" do AOSP][1]. Faça um checkout do [repositório do curso][2] no mesmo\n" -" computador e mova o diretório `src/android/` para a raiz do seu checkout doAOSP.\n" -" Isso garantirá que o sistema de compilação do Android veja os\n" -" arquivos `Android.bp` em `src/android/`." - -#: src/running-the-course.md:44 -msgid "" -" Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build\n" -" all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to see\n" -" the commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand." -msgstr "" -" Certifique-se de que `adb sync` funcione com seu emulador ou dispositivo real e pré-compile\n" -" todos os exemplos do Android usando `src/android/build_all.sh`. Leia o roteiro para ver\n" -" os comandos executados e verifique se eles funcionam quando você os executa manualmente." - -#: src/running-the-course.md:48 +#: src/running-the-course.md:43 msgid "" "That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun for\n" "you as it has been for us!" @@ -1071,29 +1415,17 @@ msgstr "" "Isso é tudo, boa sorte no curso! Esperamos que seja tão divertido para\n" "você como tem sido para nós!" -#: src/running-the-course.md:51 +#: src/running-the-course.md:46 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Please [provide feedback][3] afterwards so that we can keep improving the\n" +"Please [provide feedback][1] afterwards so that we can keep improving the\n" "course. We would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made\n" -"better. Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback][4]!" +"better. Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback][2]!" msgstr "" "Por favor, [forneça feedback][3] depois para que possamos continuar melhorando o\n" "curso. Adoraríamos saber o que funcionou bem para você e o que pode ser melhorado.\n" " Seus alunos também são muito bem-vindos para [nos enviar feedback][4]!" -#: src/running-the-course.md:55 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://source.android.com/docs/setup/download/downloading\n" -"[2]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust\n" -"[3]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/86\n" -"[4]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100\n" -"[5]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust#building" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://source.android.com/docs/setup/download/downloading\n" -"[2]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust\n" -"[3]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/86\n" -"[4]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100" - #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:1 msgid "# Course Structure" msgstr "# Estrutura do curso" @@ -1103,32 +1435,122 @@ msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:" msgstr "O curso é rápido e muito abrangente:" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:7 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker.\n" "* Day 2: Compound data types, pattern matching, the standard library.\n" -"* Day 3: Traits and generics, error handling, testing, unsafe Rust.\n" -"* Day 4: Concurrency in Rust and interoperability with other languages" +"* Day 3: Traits and generics, error handling, testing, unsafe Rust." msgstr "" "* Dia 1: Rust básico, ownership e verificador de empréstimo.\n" "* Dia 2: Tipos de dados compostos, correspondência de padrões e a biblioteca padrão.\n" "* Dia 3: Traits e generics, tratamento de erros, testes e Rust inseguro.\n" "* Dia 4: Concorrência em Rust e interoperabilidade com outras linguagens" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:12 -msgid "" -"> **Exercise for Day 4:** Do you interface with some C/C++ code in your project\n" -"> which we could attempt to move to Rust? The fewer dependencies the better.\n" -"> Parsing code would be ideal." +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:11 +msgid "## Deep Dives" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:13 +msgid "" +"In addition to the 3-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more\n" +"specialized topics:" msgstr "" -"> **Exercício para o dia 4:** Você faz interface com algum código C/C++ em seu projeto\n" -"> que poderíamos tentar mover para Rust? Quanto menos dependências, melhor.\n" -"> Analisar o código seria o ideal." #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:16 +#, fuzzy +msgid "### Android" +msgstr "# Android" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:18 +msgid "" +"The [Android Deep Dive](../android.md) is a half-day course on using Rust for\n" +"Android platform development. This includes interoperability with C, C++, and\n" +"Java." +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:22 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"You will need an [AOSP checkout][1]. Make a checkout of the [course\n" +"repository][2] on the same machine and move the `src/android/` directory into\n" +"the root of your AOSP checkout. This will ensure that the Android build system\n" +"sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`." +msgstr "" +"6. Se você não pular as partes específicas do Android no Dia 4, precisará de um [checkout\n" +" do AOSP][1]. Faça um checkout do [repositório do curso][2] no mesmo\n" +" computador e mova o diretório `src/android/` para a raiz do seu checkout doAOSP.\n" +" Isso garantirá que o sistema de compilação do Android veja os\n" +" arquivos `Android.bp` em `src/android/`." + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:27 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build all\n" +"Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to see the\n" +"commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand." +msgstr "" +" Certifique-se de que `adb sync` funcione com seu emulador ou dispositivo real e pré-compile\n" +" todos os exemplos do Android usando `src/android/build_all.sh`. Leia o roteiro para ver\n" +" os comandos executados e verifique se eles funcionam quando você os executa manualmente." + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:34 +msgid "### Bare-Metal" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:36 +msgid "" +"The [Bare-Metal Deep Dive](../bare-metal.md): a full day class on using Rust for\n" +"bare-metal (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application\n" +"processors are covered." +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:40 +msgid "" +"For the microcontroller part, you will need to buy the [BBC\n" +"micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) v2 development board ahead of time. Everybody\n" +"will need to install a number of packages as described on the [welcome\n" +"page](../bare-metal.md)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:45 +#, fuzzy +msgid "### Concurrency" +msgstr "Concorrência" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:47 +msgid "" +"The [Concurrency Deep Dive](../concurrency.md) is a full day class on classical\n" +"as well as `async`/`await` concurrency." +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:50 +msgid "" +"You will need a fresh crate set up and the dependencies downloaded and ready to\n" +"go. You can then copy/paste the examples into `src/main.rs` to experiment with\n" +"them:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:54 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"cargo init concurrency\n" +"cd concurrency\n" +"cargo add tokio --features full\n" +"cargo run\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo new link-checker\n" +"$ cd link-checker\n" +"$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n" +"```" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:61 msgid "## Format" msgstr "## Formato" -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:18 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:63 msgid "" "The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the\n" "questions drive the exploration of Rust!" @@ -1156,6 +1578,33 @@ msgstr "" "* Ctrl + Enter: Executa o exemplo de código que tem o foco.\n" "* s: ativa a barra de pesquisa." +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Translations" +msgstr "## Instalação" + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:3 +msgid "" +"The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful\n" +"volunteers:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:6 +msgid "" +"* [Brazilian Portuguese][pt-BR] by [@rastringer] and [@hugojacob].\n" +"* [Korean][ko] by [@keispace], [@jiyongp] and [@jooyunghan]." +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:9 +msgid "Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages." +msgstr "" + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:11 +msgid "" +"If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions] for how to\n" +"get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker]." +msgstr "" + #: src/cargo.md:1 msgid "# Using Cargo" msgstr "# Usando o Cargo" @@ -1181,20 +1630,12 @@ msgid "### Rustup (Recommended)" msgstr "### Rustup (Recomendado)" #: src/cargo.md:12 -msgid "" -"You can follow the instructions to install cargo and rust compiler, among other standard ecosystem tools with the [rustup]" -"[3] tool, which is maintained by the Rust Foundation." -msgstr "" -"Você pode seguir as instruções para instalar o cargo e o compilador de Rust, entre outras ferramentas padrão do ecossistema " -"com a ferramenta [rustup][3], que é mantida pela Rust Foundation." +msgid "You can follow the instructions to install cargo and rust compiler, among other standard ecosystem tools with the [rustup][3] tool, which is maintained by the Rust Foundation." +msgstr "Você pode seguir as instruções para instalar o cargo e o compilador de Rust, entre outras ferramentas padrão do ecossistema com a ferramenta [rustup][3], que é mantida pela Rust Foundation." #: src/cargo.md:14 -msgid "" -"Along with cargo and rustc, Rustup will install itself as a command line utility that you can use to install/switch " -"toolchains, setup cross compilation, etc." -msgstr "" -"Juntamente com cargo e rustc, o Rustup se instalará como um utilitário de linha de comando que você pode usar para instalar/" -"alternar ferramentas, configurar compilação cruzada, etc." +msgid "Along with cargo and rustc, Rustup will install itself as a command line utility that you can use to install/switch toolchains, setup cross compilation, etc." +msgstr "Juntamente com cargo e rustc, o Rustup se instalará como um utilitário de linha de comando que você pode usar para instalar/alternar ferramentas, configurar compilação cruzada, etc." #: src/cargo.md:16 msgid "### Package Managers" @@ -1227,29 +1668,8 @@ msgstr "" "[VS Code][2] para editar o código (mas qualquer editor compatível com LSP funciona)." #: src/cargo.md:29 -msgid "" -"Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains][4] family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own tradeoffs. If " -"you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin][5]. Please take note that as of January 2023 debugging only works on the " -"CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite." -msgstr "" -"Algumas pessoas também gostam de usar a família de IDEs [JetBrains][4], que fazem suas próprias análises, mas têm suas " -"próprias vantagens e desvantagens. Se você preferir, pode instalar o [Plugin Rust][5]. Observe que, a partir de Janeiro de " -"2023, a depuração funciona apenas na versão CLion do pacote JetBrains IDEA." - -#: src/cargo.md:31 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/\n" -"[2]: https://code.visualstudio.com/\n" -"[3]: https://rustup.rs/\n" -"[4]: https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/\n" -"[5]: https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/\n" -"[6]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/\n" -"[2]: https://code.visualstudio.com/\n" -"[3]: https://rustup.rs/\n" -"[4]: https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/\n" -"[5]: https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/" +msgid "Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains][4] family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin][5]. Please take note that as of January 2023 debugging only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite." +msgstr "Algumas pessoas também gostam de usar a família de IDEs [JetBrains][4], que fazem suas próprias análises, mas têm suas próprias vantagens e desvantagens. Se você preferir, pode instalar o [Plugin Rust][5]. Observe que, a partir de Janeiro de 2023, a depuração funciona apenas na versão CLion do pacote JetBrains IDEA." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1 msgid "# The Rust Ecosystem" @@ -1260,27 +1680,16 @@ msgid "The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones msgstr "O ecossistema Rust consiste em várias ferramentas, das quais as principais são:" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* `rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other\n" -" intermediate formats." -msgstr "" -"* `rustc`: o compilador Rust que transforma arquivos `.rs` em binários e outros\n" -" formatos intermediários[^rustc]." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:8 -msgid "" +" intermediate formats.\n" +"\n" "* `cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to\n" " download dependencies hosted on and it will pass them to\n" " `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a built-in test\n" -" runner which is used to execute unit tests." -msgstr "" -"* `cargo`: o gerenciador de dependências Rust e a ferramenta de compilação. O Cargo sabe como\n" -" baixar as dependências hospedadas em e as passará para\n" -" o `rustc` ao compilar o seu projeto. O Cargo também vem com um executor de testes\n" -" embutido que é usado para executar testes unitários." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:13 -msgid "" +" runner which is used to execute unit tests.\n" +"\n" "* `rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to\n" " install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust is released.\n" " In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the standard\n" @@ -1293,9 +1702,14 @@ msgstr "" " padrão. Você pode ter várias versões do Rust instaladas ao mesmo tempo e `rustup`\n" " permitirá que você alterne entre elas conforme necessário." -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25 src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 src/why-rust/runtime.md:10 -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:21 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:30 src/error-handling/try-operator.md:50 -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:50 src/concurrency/threads.md:30 +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25 +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 src/why-rust/runtime.md:10 +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:21 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:30 +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:23 +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:35 +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:48 +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:50 +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:30 src/async/async-await.md:25 msgid "Key points:" msgstr "Pontos chave:" @@ -1303,65 +1717,28 @@ msgstr "Pontos chave:" msgid "" "* Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out\n" " every six weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with\n" -" old releases --- plus they enable new functionality." -msgstr "" -"* Rust tem um rápido cronograma de lançamento com um novo lançamento saindo\n" -" a cada seis semanas. Novos lançamentos mantêm compatibilidade com versões anteriores\n" -" --- além disso, eles permitem novas funcionalidades." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:27 -msgid "* There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"." -msgstr "* Existem três canais de lançamento: \"stable\", \"beta\" e \"nightly\"." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:29 -msgid "" +" old releases --- plus they enable new functionality.\n" +"\n" +"* There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\".\n" +"\n" "* New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes\n" -" \"stable\" every six weeks." -msgstr "" -"* Novos recursos estão sendo testados em \"nightly\", \"beta\" é o que se torna\n" -" \"estável\" a cada seis semanas." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:32 -msgid "" +" \"stable\" every six weeks.\n" +"\n" "* Rust also has [editions]: the current edition is Rust 2021. Previous\n" -" editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018." -msgstr "" -"* Rust também tem [edições]: a edição atual é Rust 2021. Edições\n" -" anteriores foram Rust 2015 e Rust 2018." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:35 -msgid "" +" editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018.\n" +"\n" " * The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to\n" -" the language." -msgstr "" -" * As edições podem fazer alterações incompatíveis com versões anteriores\n" -" da linguagem." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:38 -msgid "" +" the language.\n" +"\n" " * To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the\n" -" edition for your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file." -msgstr "" -" * Para evitar rupturas, as edições são opcionais: você seleciona a\n" -" edição para o seu crate através do arquivo `Cargo.toml`." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:41 -msgid "" +" edition for your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file.\n" +"\n" " * To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code\n" -" written for different editions." -msgstr "" -" * Para evitar a divisão do ecossistema, os compiladores Rust podem misturar código\n" -" escrito para diferentes edições." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:44 -msgid " * Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through `cargo` (most users never do)." -msgstr "" -" * Mencione que é muito raro usar o compilador diretamente, não através do `cargo` (a maioria dos usuários nunca o faz)." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:46 -msgid "" -" * It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and comprehensive tool. It is capable of many " -"advanced features including but not limited to: \n" +" written for different editions.\n" +"\n" +" * Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through `cargo` (most users never do).\n" +"\n" +" * It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but not limited to: \n" " * Project/package structure\n" " * [workspaces]\n" " * Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching\n" @@ -1370,39 +1747,6 @@ msgid "" " * It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo clippy]).\n" " * Read more from the [official Cargo Book]" msgstr "" -" * Pode valer a pena mencionar que o Cargo é uma ferramenta extremamente poderosa e abrangente. Ele é capaz de muitos " -"recursos avançados, incluindo, entre outros:\n" -" * Estrutura do projeto/pacote\n" -" * [workspaces]\n" -" * Gerenciamento de dependências de desenvolvimento e dependências de tempo de execução/cache\n" -" * [scripts de compilação]\n" -" * [instalação global]\n" -" * Também é extensível com plugins de subcomando (como [cargo clippy]).\n" -" * Leia mais no [livro oficial do Cargo]" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:55 -msgid "[editions]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/" -msgstr "[edições]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:57 -msgid "[workspaces]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html" -msgstr "[workspaces]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:59 -msgid "[build scripting]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html" -msgstr "[scripts de compilação]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:61 -msgid "[global installation]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install.html" -msgstr "[instalação global]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install.html" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:63 -msgid "[cargo clippy]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy" -msgstr "[cargo clippy]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:65 -msgid "[official Cargo Book]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/" -msgstr "[livro oficial do Cargo]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1 msgid "# Code Samples in This Training" @@ -1463,15 +1807,11 @@ msgstr "" "não são editáveis por vários motivos:" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the\n" -" code and open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests." -msgstr "" -"* Os playgrounds incorporados não podem executar testes unitários. Copie e cole o\n" -" código e abra-o no Playground real para demonstrar os testes unitários." - -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:30 -msgid "" +" code and open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests.\n" +"\n" "* The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate\n" " away from the page! This is the reason that the students should\n" " solve the exercises using a local Rust installation or via the\n" @@ -1499,12 +1839,13 @@ msgstr "" "Este curso, a última versão estável do Rust é:" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:8 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "% rustc --version\n" -"rustc 1.61.0 (fe5b13d68 2022-05-18)\n" +"rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n" "% cargo --version\n" -"cargo 1.61.0 (a028ae4 2022-04-29)\n" +"cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" @@ -1515,35 +1856,27 @@ msgstr "" "```" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:15 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"With this is in place, then follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one\n" +"With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one\n" "of the examples in this training:" msgstr "" "Com isso finalizado, siga estas etapas para criar um binário Rust a partir de um\n" "dos exemplos deste treinamento:" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:18 -msgid "1. Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy." -msgstr "1. Clique no botão \"Copiar para a área de transferência\" no exemplo que deseja copiar." - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:20 -msgid "2. Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:" -msgstr "2. Use `cargo new exercise` para criar um novo diretório `exercise/` para o seu código:" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:22 msgid "" +"1. Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy.\n" +"\n" +"2. Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:\n" +"\n" " ```shell\n" " $ cargo new exercise\n" " Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n" -" ```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:27 -msgid "3. Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:" -msgstr "3. Navegue até `exercise/` e use `cargo run` para compilar e executar seu binário:" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:29 -msgid "" +" ```\n" +"\n" +"3. Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:\n" +"\n" " ```shell\n" " $ cd exercise\n" " $ cargo run\n" @@ -1551,66 +1884,36 @@ msgid "" " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n" " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" " Hello, world!\n" -" ```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:38 -msgid "" +" ```\n" +"\n" "4. Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For\n" -" example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like" -msgstr "" -"4. Substitua o código de exemplo em `src/main.rs` pelo seu próprio código. Por\n" -" exemplo, usando o código da página anterior, faça `src/main.rs` parecer" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:41 -msgid "" +" example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like\n" +"\n" " ```rust\n" " fn main() {\n" " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" " }\n" -" ```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:47 -msgid "5. Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:" -msgstr "5. Use `cargo run` para compilar e executar seu binário atualizado:" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:49 -msgid "" +" ```\n" +"\n" +"5. Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:\n" +"\n" " ```shell\n" " $ cargo run\n" " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n" " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" " Edit me!\n" -" ```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:57 -msgid "" +" ```\n" +"\n" "6. Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo build`\n" " to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/debug/`\n" " for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an optimized\n" -" release build in `target/release/`." -msgstr "" -"6. Use `cargo check` para verificar rapidamente se há erros em seu projeto, use `cargo build`\n" -" para compilá-lo sem executá-lo. Você encontrará a saída em `target/debug/`\n" -" para uma compilação de depuração. Use `cargo build --release` para produzir um binário\n" -" otimizado em `target/release/`." - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:62 -msgid "" +" release build in `target/release/`.\n" +"\n" "7. You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you\n" " run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing\n" " dependencies for you." msgstr "" -"7. Você pode adicionar dependências ao seu projeto editando `Cargo.toml`. Quando você\n" -" executar os comandos `cargo`, ele irá baixar e compilar automaticamente\n" -" as dependências para você." - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:66 -msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html" -msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:70 msgid "" @@ -1637,22 +1940,13 @@ msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-1.md:6 msgid "" "* Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs,\n" -" references, functions, and methods." -msgstr "" -"* Sintaxe básica do Rust: variáveis, tipos escalares e compostos, enums, structs,\n" -" referências, funções e métodos." - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:9 -msgid "" +" references, functions, and methods.\n" +"\n" "* Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based memory\n" -" management, and garbage collection." +" management, and garbage collection.\n" +"\n" +"* Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes." msgstr "" -"* Gerenciamento de memória: stack versus heap, gerenciamento manual de memória, gerenciamento de memória\n" -" baseada em escopo e garbage collection (coleta de lixo)." - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:12 -msgid "* Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes." -msgstr "* Ownership: semântica de movimento, cópia e clonagem, empréstimo e tempos de vida." #: src/welcome-day-1.md:16 msgid "Please remind the students that:" @@ -1770,10 +2064,6 @@ msgstr "" "* Não tem runtime ou garbage collection.\n" "* Concentra-se na confiabilidade e segurança sem sacrificar o desempenho." -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:31 -msgid "[1]: https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html" -msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html" - #: src/hello-world.md:1 msgid "# Hello World!" msgstr "# Olá mundo!" @@ -1785,8 +2075,9 @@ msgid "" msgstr "Vamos pular para o programa em Rust mais simples possível, o clássico \"Olá Mundo\":" #: src/hello-world.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"```rust\n" +"```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n" "}\n" @@ -1828,23 +2119,17 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "* Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is\n" " imperative (not functional) and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless\n" -" absolutely necessary." -msgstr "" -"* Rust é muito parecido com outras linguagens na tradição do C/C++/Java. É\n" -" imperativo (não funcional) e não tenta reinventar as coisas a menos que\n" -" absolutamente necessário." - -#: src/hello-world.md:31 -msgid "* Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode." -msgstr "* Rust é moderno com amplo suporte para coisas como Unicode." - -#: src/hello-world.md:33 -msgid "" +" absolutely necessary.\n" +"\n" +"* Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode.\n" +"\n" "* Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of\n" -" arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))." +" arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md)).\n" +"\n" +"* Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers from\n" +" the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only\n" +" [partially hygienic](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene.html)." msgstr "" -"* Rust usa macros para situações em que você deseja ter um número variável de\n" -" argumentos (sem [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md) de funções)." #: src/hello-world/small-example.md:1 msgid "# Small Example" @@ -1901,40 +2186,20 @@ msgstr "" #: src/hello-world/small-example.md:29 msgid "" "* Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to trigger\n" -" type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer overflow." -msgstr "" -"* Explique que todas as variáveis são estaticamente tipadas. Tente remover `i32` para acionar a\n" -" inferência de tipo. Em vez disso, tente com `i8` e dispare um estouro de número inteiro em tempo de execução." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:32 -msgid "* Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error." -msgstr "* Altere `let mut x` para `let x`, discuta o erro do compilador." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:34 -msgid "" +" type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer overflow.\n" +"\n" +"* Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error.\n" +"\n" "* Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match the\n" -" format string." -msgstr "" -"* Mostre como `print!` gera um erro de compilação se os argumentos não combinam com a\n" -" sequência de formato." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:37 -msgid "" +" format string.\n" +"\n" "* Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an\n" -" expression which is more complex than just a single variable." -msgstr "" -"* Mostre como você precisa usar `{}` como espaço reservado se quiser imprimir uma\n" -" expressão que é mais complexa do que apenas uma única variável." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:40 -msgid "" +" expression which is more complex than just a single variable.\n" +"\n" "* Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::fmt`\n" " which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important that the\n" " students become familiar with searching in the standard library." msgstr "" -"* Mostre aos alunos a biblioteca padrão, mostre como pesquisar `std::fmt`, \n" -" que possui as regras da mini-linguagem de formatação. É importante que\n" -" os alunos se familiarizem com pesquisas na biblioteca padrão." #: src/why-rust.md:1 msgid "# Why Rust?" @@ -1963,19 +2228,13 @@ msgstr "" "da resposta você pode destacar diferentes características do Rust:" #: src/why-rust.md:14 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_\n" " via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't\n" " have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with\n" -" constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management." -msgstr "" -"* Experiência com C ou C++: Rust elimina toda uma classe de _erros de tempo de execução_\n" -" através do verificador de empréstimo. Você obtém desempenho como em C e C++, mas não\n" -" tem problemas de insegurança de memória. Além disso, você obtém uma linguagem moderna com\n" -" construções como correspondência de padrões e gerenciamento de dependências integrado." - -#: src/why-rust.md:19 -msgid "" +" constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management.\n" +"\n" "* Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory safety\n" " as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In addition\n" " you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage collector)\n" @@ -2050,16 +2309,6 @@ msgstr "" "Para o propósito deste curso, \"Sem vazamentos de memória\" deve ser entendido\n" "como \"Praticamente sem vazamentos de memória *acidentais*\"." -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:31 -msgid "" -"[`Box::leak`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.leak\n" -"[`std::mem::forget`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget.html\n" -"[reference cycle]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html" -msgstr "" -"[`Box::leak`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.leak\n" -"[`std::mem::forget`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget.html\n" -"[referência cíclica]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html" - #: src/why-rust/runtime.md:1 msgid "# Runtime Guarantees" msgstr "# Garantias de tempo de execução" @@ -2077,28 +2326,22 @@ msgstr "" "* Estouro de números inteiros é definido." #: src/why-rust/runtime.md:12 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* Integer overflow is defined via a compile-time flag. The options are\n" " either a panic (a controlled crash of the program) or wrap-around\n" " semantics. By default, you get panics in debug mode (`cargo build`)\n" -" and wrap-around in release mode (`cargo build --release`)." -msgstr "" -"* O estouro de números inteiros é definido por meio de um sinalizador de tempo de compilação. As opções são\n" -" ou um pânico (uma falha controlada do programa) ou semântica\n" -" wrap-around. Por padrão, você obtém pânico no modo de depuração (`cargo build`)\n" -" e wrap-around no modo de produção (`cargo build --release`)." - -#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:17 -msgid "" +" and wrap-around in release mode (`cargo build --release`).\n" +"\n" "* Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also\n" " not be disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However,\n" " `unsafe` allows you to call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked`\n" " which does not do bounds checking." msgstr "" -"* A verificação de limites não pode ser desativada com um sinalizador de compilador. Também não\n" -" pode ser desativado diretamente com a palavra-chave `unsafe`. No entanto,\n" -" `unsafe` permite que você chame funções como `slice::get_unchecked`\n" -" que não faz verificação de limites." +"* O estouro de números inteiros é definido por meio de um sinalizador de tempo de compilação. As opções são\n" +" ou um pânico (uma falha controlada do programa) ou semântica\n" +" wrap-around. Por padrão, você obtém pânico no modo de depuração (`cargo build`)\n" +" e wrap-around no modo de produção (`cargo build --release`)." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:1 msgid "# Modern Features" @@ -2145,79 +2388,34 @@ msgid "" "* Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to 'pay'\n" " for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example,\n" " writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level\n" -" instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct." -msgstr "" -"* Abstrações de custo zero, semelhantes ao C++, significa que você não precisa 'pagar'\n" -" com memória ou CPU por construções de programação de alto nível. Por exemplo,\n" -" escrever um loop usando `for` deve resultar aproximadamente nas mesmas instruções\n" -" de baixo nível como ao usar a construção `.iter().fold()`." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:28 -msgid "" +" instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct.\n" +"\n" "* It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', also\n" " known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like\n" -" `Option` and `Result`." -msgstr "" -"* Pode valer a pena mencionar que enums em Rust também são 'tipos de dados algébricos', também\n" -" conhecidos como 'tipos de soma', os quais permitem que o sistema de tipos expresse coisas como\n" -" `Option` e `Result`." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:32 -msgid "" +" `Option` and `Result`.\n" +"\n" "* Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to\n" " ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more\n" " talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with _actionable_\n" -" feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code." -msgstr "" -"* Lembre as pessoas de lerem os erros --- muitos desenvolvedores se acostumaram\n" -" a ignorar as longas saída do compilador. O compilador Rust é significativamente mais\n" -" verboso do que outros compiladores. Muitas vezes, ele fornecerá a você feedback\n" -" _utilizável_, pronto para copiar e colar em seu código." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:37 -msgid "" +" feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code.\n" +"\n" "* The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, Python,\n" " and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard and\n" -" essential:" -msgstr "" -"* A biblioteca padrão do Rust é pequena comparada a linguagens como Java, Python,\n" -" e Go. Rust não vem com várias coisas que você pode considerar padrão e\n" -" essencial:" - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:41 -msgid "" +" essential:\n" +"\n" " * a random number generator, but see [rand].\n" " * support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls].\n" -" * support for JSON, but see [serde_json]." -msgstr "" -" * um gerador de números aleatórios, mas veja [rand].\n" -" * suporte para SSL ou TLS, mas consulte [rusttls].\n" -" * suporte para JSON, mas consulte [serde_json]." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:45 -msgid "" +" * support for JSON, but see [serde_json].\n" +"\n" " The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library cannot\n" " go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the Rust\n" " community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps there\n" -" isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things." -msgstr "" -" O raciocínio por trás disso é que as funcionalidades na biblioteca padrão não podem\n" -" ser descartadas, portanto têm que ser muito estáveis. Para os exemplos acima, a comunidade\n" -" Rust ainda está trabalhando para encontrar a melhor solução --- e talvez não\n" -" haja uma única \"melhor solução\" para algumas dessas coisas." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:50 -msgid "" +" isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things.\n" +"\n" " Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this makes\n" " it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence of this\n" -" is that the standard library can be smaller." -msgstr "" -" O Rust vem com um gerenciador de pacotes embutido na forma de Cargo e isso torna\n" -" trivial baixar e compilar crates de terceiros. Uma consequência disso\n" -" é que a biblioteca padrão pode ser menor." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:54 -msgid "" +" is that the standard library can be smaller.\n" +"\n" " Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like\n" " help with this by letting you compare health metrics for\n" " crates to find a good and trusted one.\n" @@ -2225,24 +2423,6 @@ msgid "" "* [rust-analyzer] is a well supported LSP implementation used in major\n" " IDEs and text editors." msgstr "" -" Descobrir bons crates de terceiros pode ser um problema. Sites como\n" -" ajudam com isso, permitindo que você compare métricas para\n" -" para encontrar um crate bom e confiável.\n" -" \n" -"* [rust-analyzer] é uma implementação LSP bem suportada usada em grandes\n" -" IDEs e editores de texto." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:61 -msgid "" -"[rand]: https://docs.rs/rand/\n" -"[rusttls]: https://docs.rs/rustls/\n" -"[serde_json]: https://docs.rs/serde_json/\n" -"[rust-analyzer]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/" -msgstr "" -"[rand]: https://docs.rs/rand/\n" -"[rusttls]: https://docs.rs/rustls/\n" -"[serde_json]: https://docs.rs/serde_json/\n" -"[rust-analyzer]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/" #: src/basic-syntax.md:1 msgid "# Basic Syntax" @@ -2271,15 +2451,15 @@ msgid "# Scalar Types" msgstr "# Tipos escalares" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "| | Types | Literals |\n" "|------------------------|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|\n" "| Signed integers | `i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize` | `-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123i64` |\n" "| Unsigned integers | `u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize` | `0`, `123`, `10u16` |\n" "| Floating point numbers | `f32`, `f64` | `3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2f32` |\n" -"| Strings | `&str` | `\"foo\"`, `r#\"\\\\\"#` |\n" +"| Strings | `&str` | `\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"` |\n" "| Unicode scalar values | `char` | `'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'` |\n" -"| Byte strings | `&[u8]` | `b\"abc\"`, `br#\" \" \"#` |\n" "| Booleans | `bool` | `true`, `false` |" msgstr "" "| | Tipos | Literais |\n" @@ -2292,11 +2472,11 @@ msgstr "" "| Byte strings | `&[u8]` | `b\"abc\"`, `br#\" \" \"#` |\n" "| Booleanos | `bool` | `true`, `false` |" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:13 +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:12 msgid "The types have widths as follows:" msgstr "Os tipos têm tamanhos como se segue:" -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:15 +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:14 msgid "" "* `iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide,\n" "* `isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer,\n" @@ -2308,6 +2488,33 @@ msgstr "" "* `char` tem 32 bits,\n" "* `bool` tem 8 bits." +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:21 +msgid "There are a few syntaxes which are not shown above:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:23 +msgid "" +"- Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: `r\"\\n\"\n" +" == \"\\\\\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal amount of `#` on\n" +" either side of the quotes:\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,editable\n" +" fn main() {\n" +" println!(r#\"link\"#);\n" +" println!(\"link\");\n" +" }\n" +" ```\n" +"\n" +"- Byte strings allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,editable\n" +" fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n" +" }\n" +" ```" +msgstr "" + #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:1 msgid "# Compound Types" msgstr "# Tipos compostos" @@ -2376,50 +2583,31 @@ msgstr "Vetores:" msgid "" "* Arrays have elements of the same type, `T`, and length, `N`, which is a compile-time constant.\n" " Note that the length of the array is *part of its type*, which means that `[u8; 3]` and\n" -" `[u8; 4]` are considered two different types." -msgstr "" -"* Vetores possuem elementos do mesmo tipo, `T`, e comprimento, `N`, que é uma constante de tempo de compilação.\n" -" Observe que o comprimento do vetor é *parte de seu tipo*, o que significa que `[u8; 3]` e\n" -" `[u8; 4]` são considerados dois tipos diferentes." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:38 -msgid "* We can use literals to assign values to arrays." -msgstr "* Podemos usar literais para atribuir valores a vetores." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:40 -msgid "" +" `[u8; 4]` are considered two different types.\n" +"\n" +"* We can use literals to assign values to arrays.\n" +"\n" "* In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug implementation with the `?` format\n" " parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug output. We\n" " could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without specifying the value after the\n" -" format string." +" format string.\n" +"\n" +"* Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be easier to read." msgstr "" -"* Na função `main`, a instrução print solicita a implementação de depuração com um `?` no\n" -" formatador: `{}` fornece a saída padrão, `{:?}` fornece a saída de depuração. Nós\n" -" também poderíamos ter usado `{a}` e `{a:?}` sem especificar o valor após a\n" -" sequência de formatadores." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:45 -msgid "* Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be easier to read." -msgstr "* Adicionando `#`, por exemplo `{a:#?}`, chama um formatador de \"impressão bonita\", que pode ser mais fácil de ler." #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:47 msgid "Tuples:" msgstr "Tuplas:" #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:49 -msgid "* Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length." -msgstr "* Assim como os vetores, as tuplas têm um comprimento fixo." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:51 -msgid "* Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type." -msgstr "* As tuplas agrupam valores de tipos diferentes em um tipo composto." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:53 -msgid "* Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`." -msgstr "* Os campos de uma tupla podem ser acessados pelo 'ponto' e pelo índice do valor, por exemplo `t.0`, `t.1`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:55 +#, fuzzy msgid "" +"* Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length.\n" +"\n" +"* Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type.\n" +"\n" +"* Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`.\n" +"\n" "* The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, and\n" " the only valid value of that type - that is to say both the type and its value\n" " are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a function or\n" @@ -2470,15 +2658,7 @@ msgstr "" " métodos (tente `ref_x.count_ones()`).\n" "* As referências que são declaradas como `mut` podem ser vinculadas a diferentes valores ao longo de seu tempo de vida." -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:21 -msgid "" -"
\n" -"Key points:" -msgstr "" -"
\n" -"Pontos chave:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:24 +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:25 msgid "" "* Be sure to note the difference between `let mut ref_x: &i32` and `let ref_x:\n" " &mut i32`. The first one represents a mutable reference which can be bound to\n" @@ -2531,20 +2711,26 @@ msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:" msgstr "Uma slice oferece uma visão de uma coleção maior:" #: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n" -" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:10 -msgid "" +" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n" +"\n" " let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n" " println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = 42;\n" +" let y = x;\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" #: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:15 msgid "" @@ -2555,46 +2741,29 @@ msgstr "" "* Pergunta: O que acontece se você modificar `a[3]`?" #: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:20 -msgid "* We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending indexes in brackets." -msgstr "* Criamos uma slice pegando emprestado `a` e especificando os índices inicial e final entre colchetes." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:22 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"* If the slice starts at index 0, Rust's range syntax allows us to drop the starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` " -"and `&a[..a.len()]` are identical.\n" +"* We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending indexes in brackets.\n" +"\n" +"* If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are identical.\n" " \n" -"* The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are identical." -msgstr "" -"* Se a slice começa no índice 0, a sintaxe de intervalo do Rust nos permite descartar o índice inicial, o que significa que " -"`&a[0..a.len()]` e `&a[..a.len()]` são idênticos .\n" -" \n" -"* O mesmo vale para o último índice, então `&a[2..a.len()]` e `&a[2..]` são idênticos." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:26 -msgid "* To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`." -msgstr "* Para criar facilmente uma slice do vetor completo, podemos usar `&a[..]`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:28 -msgid "" -"* `s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` (`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This " -"allows us to perform computation on slices of different sizes.\n" +"* The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are identical.\n" +"\n" +"* To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`.\n" +"\n" +"* `s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` (`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform computation on slices of different sizes.\n" " \n" -"* Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain 'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as " -"our slice. \n" +"* Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain 'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice. \n" " \n" -"* The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but the answer is that for memory safety " -"reasons\n" +"* The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but the answer is that for memory safety reasons\n" " you cannot do it through `a` after you created a slice, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` safely. \n" " More details will be explained in the borrow checker section." msgstr "" -"* `s` é uma referência a uma slice de `i32`. Observe que o tipo de `s` (`&[i32]`) não menciona mais o tamanho do vetor. " -"Isso nos permite realizar cálculos em slices de tamanhos diferentes.\n" +"* `s` é uma referência a uma slice de `i32`. Observe que o tipo de `s` (`&[i32]`) não menciona mais o tamanho do vetor. Isso nos permite realizar cálculos em slices de tamanhos diferentes.\n" " \n" -"* As slices sempre pegam emprestado de outro objeto. Neste exemplo, `a` deve permanecer 'vivo' (no escopo) por pelo menos " -"tanto tempo quanto nossa slice.\n" +"* As slices sempre pegam emprestado de outro objeto. Neste exemplo, `a` deve permanecer 'vivo' (no escopo) por pelo menos tanto tempo quanto nossa slice.\n" " \n" -"* A questão sobre a modificação de `a[3]` pode gerar uma discussão interessante, mas a resposta é por motivos de segurança " -"de memória\n" +"* A questão sobre a modificação de `a[3]` pode gerar uma discussão interessante, mas a resposta é por motivos de segurança de memória\n" " você não pode fazer isso por meio de `a` depois de criar uma slice, mas pode ler os dados de `a` e `s` com segurança.\n" " Mais detalhes serão explicados na seção do verificador de empréstimo." @@ -2607,19 +2776,13 @@ msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:" msgstr "Agora podemos entender os dois tipos de strings em Rust:" #: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let s1: &str = \"World\";\n" -" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: &str = \"Mundo\";\n" -" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");" - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:10 -msgid "" +" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +"\n" " let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n" " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" " s2.push_str(s1);\n" @@ -2653,27 +2816,16 @@ msgstr "" "* `String` é um buffer de string mutável." #: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:27 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* `&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 encoded string data \n" -" stored in a block of memory. String literals (`\"Hello\"`), are stored in the program's binary." -msgstr "" -"* `&str` introduz uma slice de string, que é uma referência imutável para dados de string codificados em UTF-8\n" -" armazenados em um bloco de memória. String literais (`\"Hello\"`), são armazenados no binário do programa." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:30 -msgid "" -"* Rust's `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a `Vec`, it is owned.\n" +" stored in a block of memory. String literals (`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary.\n" +"\n" +"* Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a `Vec`, it is owned.\n" " \n" "* As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string literal; `String::new()` \n" -" creates a new empty string, to which string data can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods." -msgstr "" -"* O tipo `String` do Rust é um wrapper em torno de um vetor de bytes. Tal como acontece com um `Vec`, ele é um valor.\n" -" \n" -"* Assim como muitos outros tipos, `String::from()` cria uma string a partir de uma string literal; `String::new()`\n" -" cria uma nova string vazia, na qual os dados da string podem ser adicionados usando os métodos `push()` e `push_str()`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:35 -msgid "" +" creates a new empty string, to which string data can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods.\n" +"\n" "* The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from dynamic values. It \n" " accepts the same format specification as `println!()`.\n" " \n" @@ -2682,8 +2834,7 @@ msgid "" "* For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `const char*` from C++, but the one that always points \n" " to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough equivalent of `std::string` from C++ \n" " (main difference: it can only contain UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization).\n" -" \n" -"
" +" " msgstr "" "* A macro `format!()` é uma maneira conveniente de gerar uma string a partir de valores dinâmicos. Ela\n" " aceita os mesmos formatadores que `println!()`.\n" @@ -2708,22 +2859,72 @@ msgstr "Uma versão em Rust da famosa pergunta de entrevistas [FizzBuzz](https:/ msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" -" fizzbuzz_to(20); // Defined below, no forward declaration needed\n" -"}" +" print_fizzbuzz_to(20);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn is_divisible(n: u32, divisor: u32) -> bool {\n" +" if divisor == 0 {\n" +" return false;\n" +" }\n" +" n % divisor == 0\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> String {\n" +" let fizz = if is_divisible(n, 3) { \"fizz\" } else { \"\" };\n" +" let buzz = if is_divisible(n, 5) { \"buzz\" } else { \"\" };\n" +" if fizz.is_empty() && buzz.is_empty() {\n" +" return format!(\"{n}\");\n" +" }\n" +" format!(\"{fizz}{buzz}\")\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn print_fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) {\n" +" for i in 1..=n {\n" +" println!(\"{}\", fizzbuzz(i));\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" fizzbuzz_to(20); // Definido abaixo, nenhuma declaração prévia é necessária\n" -"}" -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:10 +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:35 +#, fuzzy msgid "" +"* We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward declarations nor headers are necessary. \n" +"* Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some programming languages), then a return type.\n" +"* The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression.\n" +"* Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted.\n" +"* The range expression in the `for` loop in `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contains `=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound." +msgstr "" +"* Nos referimos em `main` a uma função escrita abaixo. Nem declarações prévias e nem cabeçalhos são necessários.\n" +"* Os parâmetros de declaração são seguidos por um tipo (o inverso de algumas linguagens de programação) e, em seguida, um tipo de retorno.\n" +"* A última expressão em um corpo de uma função (ou qualquer bloco) torna-se o valor de retorno. Simplesmente omita o `;` no final da expressão.\n" +"* Algumas funções não têm valor de retorno e retornam o 'tipo unitário', `()`. O compilador inferirá isso se o tipo de retorno `-> ()` for omitido.\n" +"* A expressão de intervalo no loop `for` em `fizzbuzz_to()` contém `=n`, o que faz com que inclua o limite superior.\n" +"* A expressão `match` em `fizzbuzz()` faz muita coisa. Ela será expandida abaixo para mostrar o que está acontecendo." + +#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Rustdoc" +msgstr "# Por que Rust?" + +#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:3 +msgid "All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax." +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second argument.\n" +"///\n" +"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n" "fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n" " if rhs == 0 {\n" " return false; // Corner case, early return\n" " }\n" " lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return value\n" -"}" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n" " if rhs == 0 {\n" @@ -2732,80 +2933,24 @@ msgstr "" " lhs % rhs == 0 // A última expressão em um bloco é o valor de retorno\n" "}" -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:17 +#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:17 msgid "" -"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // No return value means returning the unit type `()`\n" -" match (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) {\n" -" (true, true) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"),\n" -" (true, false) => println!(\"fizz\"),\n" -" (false, true) => println!(\"buzz\"),\n" -" (false, false) => println!(\"{n}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // // Nenhum valor de retorno significa retornar o tipo unitário `()`\n" -" match (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) {\n" -" (true, true) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"),\n" -" (true, false) => println!(\"fizz\"),\n" -" (false, true) => println!(\"buzz\"),\n" -" (false, false) => println!(\"{n}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:26 -msgid "" -"fn fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) { // `-> ()` is normally omitted\n" -" for i in 1..=n {\n" -" fizzbuzz(i);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) { // `-> ()` normalmente é omitido\n" -" for i in 1..=n {\n" -" fizzbuzz(i);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:35 -msgid "" -"* We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward declarations nor headers are necessary. \n" -"* Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some programming languages), then a return type.\n" -"* The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the " -"expression.\n" -"* Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return " -"type is omitted.\n" -"* The range expression in the `for` loop in `fizzbuzz_to()` contains `=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound.\n" -"* The `match` expression in `fizzbuzz()` is doing a lot of work. It is expanded below to show what is happening." -msgstr "" -"* Nos referimos em `main` a uma função escrita abaixo. Nem declarações prévias e nem cabeçalhos são necessários.\n" -"* Os parâmetros de declaração são seguidos por um tipo (o inverso de algumas linguagens de programação) e, em seguida, um " -"tipo de retorno.\n" -"* A última expressão em um corpo de uma função (ou qualquer bloco) torna-se o valor de retorno. Simplesmente omita o `;` no " -"final da expressão.\n" -"* Algumas funções não têm valor de retorno e retornam o 'tipo unitário', `()`. O compilador inferirá isso se o tipo de " -"retorno `-> ()` for omitido.\n" -"* A expressão de intervalo no loop `for` em `fizzbuzz_to()` contém `=n`, o que faz com que inclua o limite superior.\n" -"* A expressão `match` em `fizzbuzz()` faz muita coisa. Ela será expandida abaixo para mostrar o que está acontecendo." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:42 -msgid " (Type annotations added for clarity, but they can be elided.)" -msgstr " (As anotações de tipo foram adicionadas para maior clareza, mas podem ser omitidas.)" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:44 -msgid "" -" ```rust,ignore\n" -" let by_3: bool = is_divisible_by(n, 3);\n" -" let by_5: bool = is_divisible_by(n, 5);\n" -" let by_35: (bool, bool) = (by_3, by_5);\n" -" match by_35 {\n" -" // ...\n" -" ```" +"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are\n" +"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the\n" +"[rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is\n" +"idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern." msgstr "" -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:52 -msgid " " +#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:24 +msgid "" +"* Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at\n" +" [`docs.rs/rand`](https://docs.rs/rand).\n" +"\n" +"* This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but in\n" +" real code they should be present.\n" +"\n" +"* Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need not\n" +" be addressed here." msgstr "" #: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:1 src/methods.md:1 @@ -2813,53 +2958,33 @@ msgid "# Methods" msgstr "# Métodos" #: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:3 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Rust has methods, they are simply functions that are associated with a particular type. The\n" -"first argument of a method is an instance of the type it is associated with:" +"Methods are functions associated with a type. The `self` argument of a method is\n" +"an instance of the type it is associated with:" msgstr "" "Rust tem métodos, eles são simplesmente funções associadas a um tipo específico. O\n" "primeiro argumento de um método é uma instância do tipo ao qual está associado:" #: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "struct Rectangle {\n" " width: u32,\n" " height: u32,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Retangulo {\n" -" largura: u32,\n" -" altura: u32,\n" -"}" - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:12 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Rectangle {\n" " fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n" " self.width * self.height\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"impl Retangulo {\n" -" fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n" -" self.largura * self.altura\n" -" }" - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:17 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n" " self.width += delta;\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" fn aumenta_largura(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n" -" self.largura += delta;\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:22 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n" " println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area());\n" @@ -2880,6 +3005,20 @@ msgstr "" msgid "* We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's class." msgstr "* Veremos muito mais sobre métodos no exercício de hoje e na aula de amanhã." +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:34 +msgid "" +"- Add a `Rectangle::new` constructor and call this from `main`:\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +" fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n" +" Rectangle { width, height }\n" +" }\n" +" ```\n" +"\n" +"- Add a `Rectangle::new_square(width: u32)` constructor to illustrate that\n" +" constructors can take arbitrary parameters." +msgstr "" + #: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:1 msgid "# Function Overloading" msgstr "# Sobrecarga de funções" @@ -2909,19 +3048,13 @@ msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:" msgstr "No entanto, os parâmetros da função podem ser genéricos:" #: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:14 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn pick_one(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n" " if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn escolha_um(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n" -" if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n" -"}" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:19 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n" " println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n" @@ -2942,10 +3075,6 @@ msgstr "" "* Ao usar generics, o `Into` da biblioteca padrão pode fornecer um tipo polimórfico\n" " limitado nos tipos do argumento. Veremos mais detalhes em uma seção posterior." -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:30 -msgid "" -msgstr "" - #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:1 msgid "# Day 1: Morning Exercises" msgstr "# Dia 1: Exercícios matinais" @@ -2955,31 +3084,30 @@ msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:" msgstr "Nestes exercícios, exploraremos duas partes do Rust:" #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:5 -msgid "* Implicit conversions between types." +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"* Implicit conversions between types.\n" +"\n" +"* Arrays and `for` loops." msgstr "* Conversões implícitas entre tipos." -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:7 -msgid "* Arrays and `for` loops." -msgstr "* Vetores e laços `for`." - #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:11 msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:" msgstr "Algumas coisas a considerar ao resolver os exercícios:" #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:13 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get\n" " auto-completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo] for details\n" -" on installing Rust." +" on installing Rust.\n" +"\n" +"* Alternatively, use the Rust Playground." msgstr "" "* Se possível, use uma instalação local do Rust. Desta forma, você pode obter\n" " preenchimento automático em seu editor. Veja a página sobre [Utilização do Cargo] para detalhes\n" " sobre instalação do Rust." -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:17 -msgid "* Alternatively, use the Rust Playground." -msgstr "* Como alternativa, use o Rust Playground." - #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:19 msgid "" "The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets lose\n" @@ -2988,20 +3116,15 @@ msgstr "" "Os trechos de código não são editáveis de propósito: os trechos de código embutidos perdem\n" "seu estado se você sair da página." -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:22 src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:11 -#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:7 src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:7 src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:12 +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:22 src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:11 +#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:7 +#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:7 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:7 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:7 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:12 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:13 msgid "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions] provided." msgstr "Depois de ver os exercícios, você pode ver as [soluções] fornecidas." -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:24 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:13 src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:9 -#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:14 -msgid "[solutions]: solutions-morning.md" -msgstr "[soluções]: solutions-morning.md" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:26 -msgid "[Using Cargo]: ../../cargo.md" -msgstr "[Utilização do Cargo]: ../../cargo.md" - #: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:1 msgid "# Implicit Conversions" msgstr "# Conversões implícitas" @@ -3015,26 +3138,29 @@ msgstr "" "De C++][3]). Você pode ver isso em um programa como este:" #: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n" " x * y\n" -"}" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:11 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x: i8 = 15;\n" -" let y: i16 = 1000;" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:15 -msgid "" +" let y: i16 = 1000;\n" +"\n" " println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiply(x, y));\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = 42;\n" +" let y = x;\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" #: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:19 msgid "" @@ -3071,15 +3197,12 @@ msgstr "" "suficiente implementar apenas `From` para obter uma respectiva implementação `Into` automaticamente." #: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:33 -msgid "1. Execute the above program and look at the compiler error." -msgstr "1. Execute o programa acima e observe o erro do compilador." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:35 -msgid "2. Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion." -msgstr "2. Atualize o código acima para usar `into()` para fazer a conversão." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:37 +#, fuzzy msgid "" +"1. Execute the above program and look at the compiler error.\n" +"\n" +"2. Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion.\n" +"\n" "3. Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`,\n" " `i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try\n" " converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the\n" @@ -3092,16 +3215,6 @@ msgstr "" " [documentação da biblioteca padrão][1] para ver se `From` está implementado para\n" " os pares que você verifica." -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:43 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html\n" -"[3]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/implicit_conversion" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html\n" -"[3]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/implicit_conversion" - #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:1 msgid "# Arrays and `for` Loops" msgstr "# Vetores e laços `for`" @@ -3149,6 +3262,7 @@ msgstr "" ":" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:21 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -3157,7 +3271,15 @@ msgid "" " for n in array {\n" " print!(\" {n}\");\n" " }\n" -" println!();" +" println!();\n" +"\n" +" print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n" +" for i in 0..3 {\n" +" print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n" +" }\n" +" println!();\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -3168,24 +3290,6 @@ msgstr "" " }\n" " println!();" -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:30 -msgid "" -" print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n" -" for i in 0..3 {\n" -" print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n" -" }\n" -" println!();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" print!(\"Interagindo sobre uma faixa:\");\n" -" for i in 0..3 {\n" -" print!(\" {}\", vetor[i]);\n" -" }\n" -" println!();\n" -"}\n" -"```" - #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:38 msgid "" "Use the above to write a function `pretty_print` which pretty-print a matrix and\n" @@ -3197,9 +3301,9 @@ msgstr "" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:41 msgid "" "```bob\n" -" ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n" -"\"transpose\" ⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\" ⎢2 5 8⎥\n" -" ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n" +" ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n" +"\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n" +" ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n" "```" msgstr "" @@ -3215,70 +3319,36 @@ msgstr "" "Copie o código abaixo para e implemente as\n" "funções:" -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:52 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:20 src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:13 +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:52 msgid "" "```rust,should_panic\n" "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:56 -msgid "" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" "fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn transposta(matriz: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:60 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn impressao_formatada(matriz: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:64 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let matrix = [\n" " [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" " [201, 202, 203],\n" " [301, 302, 303],\n" -" ];" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let matriz = [\n" -" [101, 102, 103], // <-- o comentário faz com que o rustfmt adicione uma nova linha\n" -" [201, 202, 203],\n" -" [301, 302, 303],\n" -" ];" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:71 src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:70 -msgid "" +" ];\n" +"\n" " println!(\"matrix:\");\n" -" pretty_print(&matrix);" -msgstr "" -" println!(\"matriz:\");\n" -" impressao_formatada(&matriz);" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:74 -msgid "" +" pretty_print(&matrix);\n" +"\n" " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" " println!(\"transposed:\");\n" " pretty_print(&transposed);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" let transposta = transposta(matriz);\n" -" println!(\"Transposta:\");\n" -" impressao_formatada(&transposta);\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:80 msgid "## Bonus Question" @@ -3339,10 +3409,8 @@ msgid "" "* Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the types less and less as the course progresses.\n" "* Note that since `println!` is a macro, `x` is not moved, even using the function like syntax of `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`" msgstr "" -"* Devido à inferência de tipos, o `i32` é opcional. Gradualmente mostraremos os tipos cada vez menos à medida que o curso " -"progride.\n" -"* Observe que como `println!` é uma macro, `x` não é movido, mesmo usando uma sintaxe parecida com a de uma função `println!" -"(\"x: {}\", x)`" +"* Devido à inferência de tipos, o `i32` é opcional. Gradualmente mostraremos os tipos cada vez menos à medida que o curso progride.\n" +"* Observe que como `println!` é uma macro, `x` não é movido, mesmo usando uma sintaxe parecida com a de uma função `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`" #: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:1 msgid "# Type Inference" @@ -3357,51 +3425,33 @@ msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n" " println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn recebe_u32(x: u32) {\n" -" println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n" -"}" - -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:10 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n" " println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn recebe_u8(y: i8) {\n" -" println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n" -"}" - -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:14 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x = 10;\n" -" let y = 20;" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:18 -msgid "" +" let y = 20;\n" +"\n" " takes_u32(x);\n" " takes_i8(y);\n" " // takes_u32(y);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" recebe_u32(x);\n" -" recebe_u8(y);\n" -" // recebe_u32(y);\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:26 +msgid "This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on constraints given by variable declarations and usages." +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:28 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on constraints given by variable declarations and usages.\n" -" \n" "It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can\n" "hold any data. The machine code generated by such declaration is identical to the explicit declaration of a type.\n" -"The compiler does the job for us and helps us to write a more concise code." +"The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise code." msgstr "" "Este slide demonstra como o compilador Rust infere tipos com base em restrições dadas por declarações e usos de variáveis.\n" " \n" @@ -3410,38 +3460,38 @@ msgstr "" "O compilador faz o trabalho para nós e nos ajuda a escrever um código mais conciso." #: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:32 -msgid "" -"The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic container without the code ever explicitly specifying " -"the contained type, using `_` as a placeholder:" -msgstr "" -"O código a seguir informa ao compilador para copiar para um determinado contêiner genérico sem que o código especifique " -"explicitamente o tipo contido, usando `_` como placeholder:" +msgid "The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, using `_` as a placeholder:" +msgstr "O código a seguir informa ao compilador para copiar para um determinado contêiner genérico sem que o código especifique explicitamente o tipo contido, usando `_` como placeholder:" #: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:34 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut v = Vec::new();\n" " v.push((10, false));\n" " v.push((20, true));\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:41 -msgid "" +" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +"\n" " let vv = v.iter().collect::>();\n" " println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut vetor = vec![10, 20];\n" +" vetor.push(30);\n" +" println!(\"valor do meio: {}\", vetor[vetor.len() / 2]);\n" +" for item in vetor.iter() {\n" +" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" #: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:46 -msgid "" -"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.collect) relies on `FromIterator`, which " -"[`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) implements." -msgstr "" -"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.collect) depende de `FromIterator`, que " -"[`HashSet`](https:/ /doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) implementa." +msgid "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.collect) relies on `FromIterator`, which [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) implements." +msgstr "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.collect) depende de `FromIterator`, que [`HashSet`](https:/ /doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) implementa." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:1 msgid "# Static and Constant Variables" @@ -3463,22 +3513,16 @@ msgstr "Você pode declarar constantes de tempo de compilação:" msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = 3;\n" -"const ZERO: Option = Some(42);" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:13 -msgid "" +"const ZERO: Option = Some(42);\n" +"\n" "fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> [u8; DIGEST_SIZE] {\n" " let mut digest = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE];\n" " for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n" " digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE] = digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE].wrapping_add(b);\n" " }\n" " digest\n" -"}" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:21 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\");\n" " println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n" @@ -3487,7 +3531,8 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:27 -msgid "According the the [Rust RFC Book][1] these are inlined upon use." +#, fuzzy +msgid "According to the [Rust RFC Book][1] these are inlined upon use." msgstr "De acordo com o [Rust RFC Book][1], eles são expandidos no próprio local (inline) após o uso." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:29 @@ -3499,29 +3544,22 @@ msgid "You can also declare static variables:" msgstr "Você também pode declarar variáveis estáticas:" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:33 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" -"static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"static BANNER: &str = \"Bem-vindo ao RustOS 3.14\";" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:36 -msgid "" +"static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"static BANNER: &str = \"Bem-vindo ao RustOS 3.14\";" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:41 -msgid "" -"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book][1], these are not inlined upon use and have an actual associated memory location. This is " -"useful for unsafe and embedded code, and the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution." -msgstr "" -"Conforme observado no [Rust RFC Book][1], `static` e `const` não são expandidos em linha (inlined) quando utilizados e " -"possuem um local de memória real associado. Isso é útil para código inseguro e embarcado, e a variável sobrevive durante " -"toda a execução do programa." +msgid "As noted in the [Rust RFC Book][1], these are not inlined upon use and have an actual associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, and the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution." +msgstr "Conforme observado no [Rust RFC Book][1], `static` e `const` não são expandidos em linha (inlined) quando utilizados e possuem um local de memória real associado. Isso é útil para código inseguro e embarcado, e a variável sobrevive durante toda a execução do programa." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:44 msgid "We will look at mutating static data in the [chapter on Unsafe Rust](../unsafe.md)." @@ -3535,12 +3573,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "* Mencione que `const` se comporta semanticamente similar ao `constexpr` de C++.\n" "* `static`, por outro lado, é muito mais parecido com um `const` ou variável global mutável em C++.\n" -"* Não é muito comum que alguém precise de uma constante avaliada em tempo de execução, mas é útil e mais seguro do que usar " -"uma estática." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:54 -msgid "[1]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html" -msgstr "[1]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html" +"* Não é muito comum que alguém precise de uma constante avaliada em tempo de execução, mas é útil e mais seguro do que usar uma estática." #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:1 msgid "# Scopes and Shadowing" @@ -3555,62 +3588,55 @@ msgstr "" "mesmo escopo:" #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let a = 10;\n" -" println!(\"before: {a}\");" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = 10;\n" -" println!(\"Antes: {a}\");" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:11 -msgid "" +" println!(\"before: {a}\");\n" +"\n" " {\n" " let a = \"hello\";\n" -" println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");" -msgstr "" -" {\n" -" let a = \"Olá\";\n" -" println!(\"Escopo interno: {a}\");" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:15 -msgid "" +" println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");\n" +"\n" " let a = true;\n" " println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" let a = true;\n" -" println!(\"Sobreposição no escopo interno: {a}\");\n" -" }" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:19 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " println!(\"after: {a}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" println!(\"Depois: {a}\");\n" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = {\n" +" let y = 10;\n" +" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +" let z = {\n" +" let w = {\n" +" 3 + 4\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n" +" y * w\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n" +" z - y\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:25 msgid "" -"* Definition: Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing both variable's memory locations exist at the " -"same time. Both are available under the same name, depending where you use it in the code. \n" +"* Definition: Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing both variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available under the same name, depending where you use it in the code. \n" "* A shadowing variable can have a different type. \n" "* Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values after `.unwrap()`.\n" -"* The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse memory locations when shadowing an immutable variable " -"in a scope, even if the type does not change." +"* The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse memory locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if the type does not change." msgstr "" -"* Definição: A sobreposição é diferente da mutação, porque após a sobreposição, os locais de memória de ambas as variáveis " -"existem ao mesmo tempo. Ambos estão disponíveis com o mesmo nome, dependendo de onde você os usa no código.\n" +"* Definição: A sobreposição é diferente da mutação, porque após a sobreposição, os locais de memória de ambas as variáveis existem ao mesmo tempo. Ambos estão disponíveis com o mesmo nome, dependendo de onde você os usa no código.\n" "* Uma variável sobreposta pode ter um tipo diferente.\n" "* A sobreposição parece obscura a princípio, mas é conveniente para manter os valores após `.unwrap()`.\n" -"* O código a seguir demonstra por que o compilador não pode simplesmente reutilizar locais de memória ao sobrepor uma " -"variável imutável em um escopo, mesmo que o tipo não seja alterado." +"* O código a seguir demonstra por que o compilador não pode simplesmente reutilizar locais de memória ao sobrepor uma variável imutável em um escopo, mesmo que o tipo não seja alterado." #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:30 msgid "" @@ -3665,12 +3691,18 @@ msgid "# The Stack vs The Heap" msgstr "# Stack (pilha) vs Heap" #: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:3 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables.\n" " * Values have fixed sizes known at compile time.\n" " * Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer.\n" " * Easy to manage: follows function calls.\n" -" * Great memory locality." +" * Great memory locality.\n" +"\n" +"* Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls.\n" +" * Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime.\n" +" * Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed.\n" +" * No guarantee of memory locality." msgstr "" "* Stack: Área contínua de memória para variáveis locais.\n" " * Os valores têm tamanhos fixos conhecidos em tempo de compilação.\n" @@ -3678,18 +3710,6 @@ msgstr "" " * Fácil de gerenciar: segue chamadas de função.\n" " * Ótima localização na memória." -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:9 -msgid "" -"* Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls.\n" -" * Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime.\n" -" * Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed.\n" -" * No guarantee of memory locality." -msgstr "" -"* Heap: Armazenamento de valores fora das chamadas de função.\n" -" * Os valores têm tamanhos dinâmicos determinados em tempo de execução.\n" -" * Ligeiramente mais lento que o stack: é necessária alguma contabilidade.\n" -" * Sem garantia de localização na memória." - #: src/memory-management/stack.md:1 msgid "# Stack Memory" msgstr "# Memória de pilha (stack Memory)" @@ -3712,9 +3732,10 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/stack.md:12 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" +" Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": s1 : : :\n" @@ -3742,41 +3763,28 @@ msgstr "" "```" #: src/memory-management/stack.md:28 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"* Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on " -"the heap." -msgstr "" -"* Mencione que um `String` é baseada em um `Vec`, então ele tem capacidade e comprimento e pode crescer se for mutável por " -"meio de realocação no heap." - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:30 -msgid "" -"* If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap allocated using the [System Allocator] and " -"custom allocators can be implemented using the [Allocator API]" -msgstr "" -"* Se os alunos perguntarem sobre isso, você pode mencionar que a memória do heap é alocada usando o [System Allocator] e " -"alocadores personalizados podem ser implementados usando a [Allocator API]" - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:32 -msgid "* We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should point out that this is rightfully unsafe!" -msgstr "* Pode-se inspecionar o layout de memória com código `unsafe`. Entretanto, deve-se salientar que isto é inseguro!" - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:34 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" -" s1.push(' ');\n" -" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n" -" // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n" -" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead to\n" -" // undefined behavior.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" let (capacity, ptr, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::transmute(s1);\n" -" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\");\n" +"* Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap.\n" +"\n" +"* If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap allocated using the [System Allocator] and custom allocators can be implemented using the [Allocator API]\n" +"\n" +"* We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should point out that this is rightfully unsafe!\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,editable\n" +" fn main() {\n" +" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +" s1.push(' ');\n" +" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n" +" // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n" +" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead to\n" +" // undefined behavior.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" let (capacity, ptr, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::transmute(s1);\n" +" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\");\n" +" }\n" " }\n" -"}\n" -"```" +" ```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -3793,14 +3801,6 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:51 -msgid "" -"[System Allocator]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System.html\n" -"[Allocator API]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html" -msgstr "" -"[System Allocator]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System.html\n" -"[Allocator API]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html" - #: src/memory-management/manual.md:1 msgid "# Manual Memory Management" msgstr "# Gerenciamento manual de memória" @@ -3811,8 +3811,7 @@ msgstr "Você mesmo aloca e desaloca memória no heap." #: src/memory-management/manual.md:5 msgid "If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security vulnerabilities, and memory leaks." -msgstr "" -"Se não for feito com cuidado, isso pode levar a travamentos, bugs, vulnerabilidades de segurança e vazamentos de memória." +msgstr "Se não for feito com cuidado, isso pode levar a travamentos, bugs, vulnerabilidades de segurança e vazamentos de memória." #: src/memory-management/manual.md:7 msgid "## C Example" @@ -3866,8 +3865,7 @@ msgid "" "This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and gives\n" "you smart pointers." msgstr "" -"Isso geralmente é chamado de _aquisição de recursos é inicialização_ (resource acquisition is initialization, RAII) e " -"fornece\n" +"Isso geralmente é chamado de _aquisição de recursos é inicialização_ (resource acquisition is initialization, RAII) e fornece\n" "ponteiros inteligentes." #: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:12 @@ -3965,14 +3963,12 @@ msgstr "O gerenciamento de memória no Rust é uma mistura:" #: src/memory-management/rust.md:5 msgid "" "* Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector.\n" -"* Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you choose, can be a single unique pointer, reference " -"counted, or atomically reference counted.\n" +"* Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you choose, can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically reference counted.\n" "* Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence.\n" "* A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even have no cost at runtime like C." msgstr "" "* Seguro e correto como Java, mas sem coletor de lixo.\n" -"* Dependendo de qual abstração (ou combinação de abstrações) você escolher, pode ser um simples ponteiro único, referência " -"contada ou referência atomicamente contada.\n" +"* Dependendo de qual abstração (ou combinação de abstrações) você escolher, pode ser um simples ponteiro único, referência contada ou referência atomicamente contada.\n" "* Baseado em escopo como C++, mas o compilador impõe adesão total.\n" "* Um usuário do Rust pode escolher a abstração certa para a situação, algumas até sem custo em tempo de execução como C." @@ -3981,31 +3977,12 @@ msgid "It achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly." msgstr "Ele consegue isso modelando a propriedade (_ownership_) explicitamente." #: src/memory-management/rust.md:14 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"* If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box], " -"[Vec], [Rc], or [Arc]. These encapsulate ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the potential " -"errors in C." -msgstr "" -"* Neste ponto, se perguntado como, você pode mencionar que em Rust isso geralmente é tratado por wrappers RAII como [Box], " -"[Vec], [Rc] ou [Arc]. Eles encapsulam a propriedade (ownership) e a alocação de memória por vários meios e evitam possíveis erros em C." - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:16 -msgid "* You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop] trait is the Rust equivalent." -msgstr "* Você pode ser questionado sobre destrutores aqui, o trait [Drop] é o equivalente em Rust." - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:20 -msgid "" -"[Box]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n" -"[Vec]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n" -"[Rc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n" -"[Arc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n" -"[Drop]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html" -msgstr "" -"[Box]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n" -"[Vec]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n" -"[Rc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n" -"[Arc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n" -"[Drop]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html" +"* If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box], [Vec], [Rc], or [Arc]. These encapsulate ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the potential errors in C.\n" +"\n" +"* You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop] trait is the Rust equivalent." +msgstr "* Neste ponto, se perguntado como, você pode mencionar que em Rust isso geralmente é tratado por wrappers RAII como [Box], [Vec], [Rc] ou [Arc]. Eles encapsulam a propriedade (ownership) e a alocação de memória por vários meios e evitam possíveis erros em C." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:1 msgid "# Comparison" @@ -4094,15 +4071,11 @@ msgstr "" "usar uma variável fora de seu escopo:" #: src/ownership.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"struct Ponto(i32, i32);" - -#: src/ownership.md:9 -msgid "" +"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " {\n" " let p = Point(3, 4);\n" @@ -4174,16 +4147,12 @@ msgstr "" "* Há sempre _exatamente_ uma associação de variável que possui um valor." #: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:22 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"* Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by value unless you use `std::move` (and the move " -"constructor is defined!)." -msgstr "" -"* Mencione que isso é o oposto dos padrões em C++, que copia por valor, a menos que você use `std::move` (e o construtor de " -"movimento esteja definido!)." - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:24 -msgid "* In Rust, you clones are explicit (by using `clone`)." -msgstr "* No Rust, clones são explícitos (usando `clone`)." +"* Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!).\n" +"\n" +"* In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)." +msgstr "* Mencione que isso é o oposto dos padrões em C++, que copia por valor, a menos que você use `std::move` (e o construtor de movimento esteja definido!)." #: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:1 msgid "# Moved Strings in Rust" @@ -4249,12 +4218,13 @@ msgid "After move to `s2`:" msgstr "Depois de mover para `s2`:" #: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:32 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" -": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n" +": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" ": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" @@ -4325,7 +4295,6 @@ msgid "Before copy-assignment:" msgstr "Antes da atribuição por cópias:" #: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:16 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" @@ -4347,7 +4316,6 @@ msgid "After copy-assignment:" msgstr "Após atribuição por cópia:" #: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:32 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" @@ -4384,19 +4352,13 @@ msgstr "" "da função. Isso transfere a ownership:" #: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn say_hello(name: String) {\n" " println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn diz_ola(nome: String) {\n" -" println!(\"Olá {nome}\")\n" -"}" - -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:11 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n" " say_hello(name);\n" @@ -4413,23 +4375,17 @@ msgstr "" #: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:20 msgid "" -"* With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within " -"`main`.\n" +"* With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`.\n" "* The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the `say_hello` function.\n" -"* `main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a " -"parameter.\n" +"* `main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter.\n" "* Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name.clone()`).\n" -"* Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move semantics the default, and by forcing " -"programmers to make clones explicit." +"* Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit." msgstr "" -"* Com a primeira chamada para `say_hello`, `main` desiste da ownership de `name`. Depois disso, `name` não pode mais ser " -"usado dentro de `main`.\n" +"* Com a primeira chamada para `say_hello`, `main` desiste da ownership de `name`. Depois disso, `name` não pode mais ser usado dentro de `main`.\n" "* A memória heap alocada para `name` será liberada no final da função `say_hello`.\n" -"* `main` pode manter a ownership se passar `name` como uma referência (`&name`) e se `say_hello` aceitar uma referência " -"como um parâmetro.\n" +"* `main` pode manter a ownership se passar `name` como uma referência (`&name`) e se `say_hello` aceitar uma referência como um parâmetro.\n" "* Alternativamente, `main` pode passar um clone de `name` na primeira chamada (`name.clone()`).\n" -"* Rust torna mais difícil do que o C++ a criação de cópias inadvertidamente, tornando a semântica de movimento o padrão e forçando " -"os programadores a tornar os clones explícitos." +"* Rust torna mais difícil do que o C++ a criação de cópias inadvertidamente, tornando a semântica de movimento o padrão e forçando os programadores a tornar os clones explícitos." #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:1 msgid "# Copying and Cloning" @@ -4468,17 +4424,12 @@ msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:" msgstr "Você pode ativar seus próprios tipos para usar a semântica de cópia:" #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:18 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n" -"struct Ponto(i32, i32);" - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:22 -msgid "" +"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" " let p2 = p1;\n" @@ -4534,11 +4485,10 @@ msgstr "" "* Mostre que funciona se você clonar `p1` em vez disso." #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:48 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a way to generate code in Rust\n" -"at compile time. In this case the default implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated.\n" -" \n" -"
" +"at compile time. In this case the default implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated." msgstr "" "Se os alunos perguntarem sobre `derive`, basta dizer que esta é uma forma de gerar código em Rust\n" "em tempo de compilação. Nesse caso, as implementações padrão dos traits `Copy` e `Clone` são geradas.\n" @@ -4557,28 +4507,17 @@ msgstr "" "Em vez de transferir a ownership ao chamar uma função, você pode permitir que uma\n" "função _empreste_ o valor:" -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:6 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:5 +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Ponto(i32, i32);" - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:10 -msgid "" +"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" "fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n" " Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto {\n" -" Ponto(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" -"}" - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:14 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" " let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n" @@ -4604,43 +4543,24 @@ msgstr "" "* O chamador mantém a _ownership_ das entradas." #: src/ownership/borrowing.md:27 -msgid "" -"Notes on stack returns:\n" -"* Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can eliminate the copy operation. Change the above " -"code to print stack addresses and run it on the [Playground]. In the \"DEBUG\" optimization level, the addresses should " -"change, while the stay the same when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:" +msgid "Notes on stack returns:" msgstr "" -"Notas sobre retornos de pilha:\n" -"* Demonstre que o retorno de `somar` é barato porque o compilador pode eliminar a operação de cópia. Altere o código acima " -"para imprimir endereços de pilha e execute-o no [Playground]. No nível de otimização \"DEBUG\", os endereços devem mudar, " -"enquanto permanecem os mesmos ao mudar para a configuração \"RELEASE\":" -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:30 +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:28 +#, fuzzy msgid "" +"* Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses and run it on the [Playground]. In the \"DEBUG\" optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay the same when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:\n" +"\n" " ```rust,editable\n" " #[derive(Debug)]\n" -" struct Point(i32, i32);" -msgstr "" -" ```rust, editable\n" -" #[derive(Debug)]\n" -" struct Ponto(i32, i32);" - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:34 -msgid "" +" struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" " fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n" " let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n" " println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n" " p\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" fn somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto {\n" -" let p = Ponto(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n" -" println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n" -" p\n" -" }" - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:40 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " fn main() {\n" " let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" " let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n" @@ -4650,8 +4570,7 @@ msgid "" " }\n" " ```\n" "* The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO).\n" -"* In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because constructors can have side effects. In Rust, " -"this is not an issue at all. If RVO did not happen, Rust will always performs a simple and efficient `memcpy` copy." +"* In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because constructors can have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at all. If RVO did not happen, Rust will always performs a simple and efficient `memcpy` copy." msgstr "" " fn main() {\n" " let p1 = Ponto(3, 4);\n" @@ -4662,13 +4581,7 @@ msgstr "" " }\n" " ```\n" "* O compilador Rust pode fazer otimização de valor de retorno (RVO).\n" -"* Em C++, a elisão de cópia deve ser definida na especificação da linguagem porque os construtores podem ter efeitos " -"colaterais. Em Rust, isso não é um problema. Se o RVO não aconteceu, o Rust sempre executará uma cópia `memcpy` simples e " -"eficiente." - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:53 -msgid "[Playground]: https://play.rust-lang.org/" -msgstr "[Playground]: https://play.rust-lang.org/" +"* Em C++, a elisão de cópia deve ser definida na especificação da linguagem porque os construtores podem ter efeitos colaterais. Em Rust, isso não é um problema. Se o RVO não aconteceu, o Rust sempre executará uma cópia `memcpy` simples e eficiente." #: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:1 msgid "# Shared and Unique Borrows" @@ -4687,54 +4600,41 @@ msgstr "" "* Você pode ter exatamente um valor `&mut T`." #: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:8 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut a: i32 = 10;\n" -" let b: &i32 = &a;" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a: i32 = 10;\n" -" let b: &i32 = &a;" - -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:13 -msgid "" +" let b: &i32 = &a;\n" +"\n" " {\n" " let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n" " *c = 20;\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" {\n" -" let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n" -" *c = 20;\n" -" }" - -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:18 src/std/rc.md:13 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" " println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" -" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = 42;\n" +" let y = x;\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:25 msgid "" -"* The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through `c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the " -"same time.\n" +"* The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through `c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time.\n" "* Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` to make the code compile.\n" -"* After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. " -"This is a feature of the borrow checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"." +"* After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"." msgstr "" -"* O código acima não compila porque `a` é emprestado como mutável (através de `c`) e como imutável (através de `b`) ao " -"mesmo tempo.\n" +"* O código acima não compila porque `a` é emprestado como mutável (através de `c`) e como imutável (através de `b`) ao mesmo tempo.\n" "* Mova a instrução `println!` para `b` antes do escopo que introduz `c` para fazer o código compilar.\n" -"* Após essa alteração, o compilador percebe que `b` só é usado antes do novo empréstimo mutável de `a` a `c`. Este é um " -"recurso do verificador de empréstimo chamado \"tempo de vida não lexical\"." +"* Após essa alteração, o compilador percebe que `b` só é usado antes do novo empréstimo mutável de `a` a `c`. Este é um recurso do verificador de empréstimo chamado \"tempo de vida não lexical\"." #: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:1 msgid "# Lifetimes" @@ -4745,15 +4645,19 @@ msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:" msgstr "Um valor emprestado tem um tempo de vida (_lifetime_):" #: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"* The lifetime can be elided: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`.\n" +"* The lifetime can be implicit: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`.\n" "* Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`.\n" "* Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the\n" " lifetime `a`\".\n" "* Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime\n" " yourself.\n" " * Lifetime annotations create constraints; the compiler verifies that there is\n" -" a valid solution." +" a valid solution.\n" +"* Lifetimes for function arguments and return values must be fully specified,\n" +" but Rust allows these to be elidied in most cases with [a few simple\n" +" rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)." msgstr "" "* O tempo de vida pode ser omitido: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`.\n" "* Tempos de vida também podem ser explícitos: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`.\n" @@ -4772,18 +4676,17 @@ msgstr "# Tempos de vida em chamadas de função" msgid "In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed value:" msgstr "Além de emprestar seus argumentos, uma função pode retornar um valor emprestado:" -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:9 +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" "fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn mais_a_esquerda<'a>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'a Ponto{\n" -" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" -"}" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:13 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" " let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" @@ -4815,29 +4718,17 @@ msgstr "" " * A parte _pelo menos_ é importante quando os parâmetros estão em escopos diferentes." #: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:31 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a a new scope (`{ ... }`), resulting in the following code:\n" " ```rust,ignore\n" " #[derive(Debug)]\n" -" struct Point(i32, i32);" -msgstr "" -"* Mova a declaração de `p2` e `p3` para um novo escopo (`{ ... }`), resultando no seguinte código:\n" -" ```rust, ignore\n" -" #[derive(Debug)]\n" -" struct Ponto(i32, i32);" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:36 -msgid "" +" struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" " fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" fn mais_a_esquerda<'a>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'a Ponto {\n" -" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" -" }" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:40 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " fn main() {\n" " let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" " let p3: &Point;\n" @@ -4848,24 +4739,9 @@ msgid "" " println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" " }\n" " ```\n" -" Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`." -msgstr "" -" fn main() {\n" -" let p1: Ponto = Ponto(10, 10);\n" -" let p3: &Ponto;\n" -" {\n" -" let p2: Ponto = Ponto(20, 20);\n" -" p3 = mais_a_esquerda(&p1, &p2);\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"Ponto mais à esquerda: {:?}\", p3);\n" -" }\n" -" ```\n" -" Observe como isso não compila, pois `p3` sobrevive a `p2`." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:52 -msgid "" -"* Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b " -"Point`. This will not compile because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` is unclear.\n" +" Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`.\n" +"\n" +"* Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will not compile because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` is unclear.\n" "* Another way to explain it:\n" " * Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function returns\n" " another reference.\n" @@ -4873,8 +4749,7 @@ msgid "" " * Which one is it? The compiler needs to to know, so at the call site the returned reference is not used\n" " for longer than a variable from where the reference came from." msgstr "" -"* Redefina o espaço de trabalho e altere a assinatura da função para `fn mais_a_esquerda<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> " -"&'b Ponto`. Isso não será compilado porque a relação entre os tempos de vida `'a` e `'b` não é clara.\n" +"* Redefina o espaço de trabalho e altere a assinatura da função para `fn mais_a_esquerda<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'b Ponto`. Isso não será compilado porque a relação entre os tempos de vida `'a` e `'b` não é clara.\n" "* Outra forma de explicar:\n" " * Duas referências a dois valores são emprestadas por uma função e a função retorna\n" " outra referência.\n" @@ -4891,27 +4766,16 @@ msgid "If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime msgstr "Se um tipo de dados armazena dados emprestados, ele deve ser anotado com um tempo de vida:" #: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Destaque<'doc>(&'doc str);" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:9 -msgid "" +"struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n" +"\n" "fn erase(text: String) {\n" " println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn apagar(texto: String) {\n" -" println!(\"Tchau {texto}!\");\n" -"}" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:13 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\");\n" " let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n" @@ -4933,28 +4797,19 @@ msgstr "" "```" #: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:25 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"* In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data underlying the contained `&str` lives at least " -"as long as any instance of `Highlight` that uses that data.\n" +"* In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of `Highlight` that uses that data.\n" "* If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), the borrow checker throws an error.\n" -"* Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This can be useful for creating lightweight views, " -"but it generally makes them somewhat harder to use.\n" +"* Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them somewhat harder to use.\n" "* When possible, make data structures own their data directly.\n" -"* Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime annotation. This can be necessary if there " -"is a need to describe lifetime relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the lifetime of the struct " -"itself. Those are very advanced use cases.\n" -"" +"* Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe lifetime relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the lifetime of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases." msgstr "" -"* No exemplo acima, a anotação em `Destaque` impõe que os dados subjacentes ao `&str` contido vivam pelo menos tanto " -"quanto qualquer instância de `Destaque` que usa esses dados.\n" -"* Se `texto` for consumido antes do final do tempo de vida de `raposa` (ou `cachorro`), o verificador de empréstimo lançará um " -"erro.\n" -"* Tipos com dados emprestados forçam os usuários a manter os dados originais. Isso pode ser útil para criar exibições " -"leves, mas geralmente as tornam um pouco mais difíceis de usar.\n" +"* No exemplo acima, a anotação em `Destaque` impõe que os dados subjacentes ao `&str` contido vivam pelo menos tanto quanto qualquer instância de `Destaque` que usa esses dados.\n" +"* Se `texto` for consumido antes do final do tempo de vida de `raposa` (ou `cachorro`), o verificador de empréstimo lançará um erro.\n" +"* Tipos com dados emprestados forçam os usuários a manter os dados originais. Isso pode ser útil para criar exibições leves, mas geralmente as tornam um pouco mais difíceis de usar.\n" "* Quando possível, faça com que as _Structs_ de dados possuam seus dados diretamente.\n" -"* Algumas _Structs_ com várias referências internas podem ter mais de uma anotação vitalícia. Isso pode ser necessário se " -"houver necessidade de descrever relacionamentos de tempo de vida entre as próprias referências, além do tempo de vida da " -"própria estrutura. Esses são casos de uso muito avançados.\n" +"* Algumas _Structs_ com várias referências internas podem ter mais de uma anotação vitalícia. Isso pode ser necessário se houver necessidade de descrever relacionamentos de tempo de vida entre as próprias referências, além do tempo de vida da própria estrutura. Esses são casos de uso muito avançados.\n" "" #: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:1 @@ -4966,17 +4821,13 @@ msgid "We will look at two things:" msgstr "Veremos duas coisas:" #: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:5 -msgid "* A small book library," -msgstr "* Uma pequena biblioteca de livros," - -#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:7 -msgid "* Iterators and ownership (hard)." +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"* A small book library,\n" +"\n" +"* Iterators and ownership (hard)." msgstr "* Iteradores e ownership (difícil)." -#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:13 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:9 -msgid "[solutions]: solutions-afternoon.md" -msgstr "[soluções]: solutions-afternoon.md" - #: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:1 msgid "# Designing a Library" msgstr "# Projetando uma biblioteca" @@ -4990,13 +4841,15 @@ msgstr "" "você só precisa conhecer parte de sua API:" #: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" " vec.push(30);\n" -" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[vec.len() / 2]);\n" -" for item in vec.iter() {\n" +" let midpoint = vec.len() / 2;\n" +" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[midpoint]);\n" +" for item in &vec {\n" " println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" @@ -5013,7 +4866,7 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:17 +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:18 msgid "" "Use this to create a library application. Copy the code below to\n" " and update the types to make it compile:" @@ -5021,30 +4874,18 @@ msgstr "" "Use isso para criar um aplicativo de biblioteca. Copie o código abaixo para\n" " e atualize os tipos para compilar:" -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:24 +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:21 msgid "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" "struct Library {\n" " books: Vec,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"struct Biblioteca {\n" -" livros: Vec,\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:28 src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:27 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "struct Book {\n" " title: String,\n" " year: u16,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"struct Livro {\n" -" titulo: String,\n" -" ano: u16,\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:33 src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:32 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Book {\n" " // This is a constructor, used below.\n" " fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n" @@ -5053,153 +4894,71 @@ msgid "" " year,\n" " }\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Livro {\n" -" // Este é um construtor, usado abaixo.\n" -" fn new(titulo: &str, ano: u16) -> Livro {\n" -" Livro {\n" -" titulo: String::from(titulo),\n" -" ano,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:43 -msgid "" -"// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n" -"impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n" -" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n" -" write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n" -" }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"// Isso torna possível imprimir valores de livro com {}.\n" -"impl std::fmt::Display for Livro {\n" -" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n" -" write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.titulo, self.ano)\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:50 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n" +"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n" +"//\n" +"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n" +"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n" +"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n" "impl Library {\n" " fn new() -> Library {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"impl Biblioteca {\n" -" fn new() -> Biblioteca {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:55 -msgid "" +" todo!(\"Initialize and return a `Library` value\")\n" +" }\n" +"\n" " //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" -" //}" -msgstr "" -" //fn tamanho(self) -> usize {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" -" //}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:59 -msgid "" +" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n" +" //}\n" +"\n" " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" -" //}" -msgstr "" -" //fn tem_livros(self) -> bool {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" -" //}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:63 -msgid "" +" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n" +" //}\n" +"\n" " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" -" //}" -msgstr "" -" //fn adiciona_livro(self, livro: Livro) {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" -" //}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:67 -msgid "" +" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n" +" //}\n" +"\n" " //fn print_books(self) {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" -" //}" -msgstr "" -" //fn imprime_acervo(self) {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" -" //}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:71 -msgid "" +" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and year\")\n" +" //}\n" +"\n" " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" +" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n" " //}\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" //fn livro_mais_antigo(self) -> Option<&Livro> {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" -" //}\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:76 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n" "// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n" "// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n" "// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n" "fn main() {\n" -" let library = Library::new();" -msgstr "" -"// Isso mostra o comportamento desejado. Descomente o código abaixo e\n" -"// implemente os métodos ausentes. Você precisará atualizar as\n" -"// assinaturas de método, incluindo o parâmetro \"self\"! Você poderá\n" -"// também precisar atualizar as ligações de variáveis dentro de main.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:83 -msgid "" -" //println!(\"Our library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n" +" let library = Library::new();\n" +"\n" +" //println!(\"The library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n" " //\n" " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" " //\n" +" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n" +" //\n" +" //\n" " //library.print_books();\n" " //\n" " //match library.oldest_book() {\n" -" // Some(book) => println!(\"My oldest book is {book}\"),\n" -" // None => println!(\"My library is empty!\"),\n" +" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n" +" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n" " //}\n" " //\n" -" //println!(\"Our library has {} books\", library.len());\n" +" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n" +" //library.print_books();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" // println!(\"Nossa biblioteca está vazia: {}\", biblioteca.tem_livros());\n" -" // \n" -" // biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" -" // biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" -" // \n" -" // biblioteca.imprime_acervo();\n" -" // \n" -" // match biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo() {\n" -" // Some(livro) => println!(\"Meu livro mais antigo é {livro}\"),\n" -" // None => println!(\"Minha biblioteca está vazia!\"),\n" -" // }\n" -" // \n" -" // println!(\"Nossa biblioteca tem {} livros\", biblioteca.tamanho());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:99 -msgid "" -"
\n" -" \n" -"[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)" +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:102 +#, fuzzy +msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)" msgstr "" "
\n" " \n" @@ -5253,19 +5012,13 @@ msgid "You use this trait like this:" msgstr "Você usa esse trait assim:" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:22 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.iter();" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.iter();" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:27 -msgid "" +" let mut iter = v.iter();\n" +"\n" " println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" " println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" " println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" @@ -5285,28 +5038,22 @@ msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:" msgstr "Qual é o tipo retornado pelo iterador? Teste sua resposta aqui:" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:36 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.iter();" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.iter();" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:41 src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:78 -msgid "" +" let mut iter = v.iter();\n" +"\n" " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" -" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let mut iter = v.iter();" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:46 msgid "Why is this type used?" @@ -5325,27 +5072,22 @@ msgstr "" "iterador. A característica relacionada `IntoIterator` informa como criar o iterador:" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:53 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust\n" "pub trait IntoIterator {\n" " type Item;\n" -" type IntoIter: Iterator;" +" type IntoIter: Iterator;\n" +"\n" +" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "```rust\n" "pub trait IntoIterator {\n" " type Item;\n" " type IntoIter: Iterator;" -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:58 -msgid "" -" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n" -"}\n" -"```" - #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:62 msgid "" "The syntax here means that every implementation of `IntoIterator` must\n" @@ -5375,11 +5117,17 @@ msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?" msgstr "Como antes, qual é o tipo retornado pelo iterador?" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:73 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];\n" -" let mut iter = v.into_iter();" +" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" +"\n" +" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" +" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -5401,36 +5149,28 @@ msgstr "" "iterador:" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:89 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:93 -msgid "" +" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];\n" +"\n" " for word in &v {\n" " println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" for palavra in &v {\n" -" println!(\"Palavra: {palavra}\");\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:97 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " for word in v {\n" " println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" for palavra in v {\n" -" println!(\"Palavra: {palavra}\");\n" -" }\n" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1: String = String::from(\"Olá!\");\n" +" let s2: String = s1;\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" "}\n" "```" @@ -5463,32 +5203,19 @@ msgid "Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, we will continue with:" msgstr "Agora que vimos uma boa quantidade de Rust, continuaremos com:" #: src/welcome-day-2.md:5 -msgid "* Structs, enums, methods." -msgstr "* Estruturas (`structs`), enumerações (`enums`) e métodos." - -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:7 -msgid "* Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays." -msgstr "* Correspondência de padrões: desestruturando enumerações, estruturas e vetores." - -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:9 msgid "" +"* Structs, enums, methods.\n" +"\n" +"* Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays.\n" +"\n" "* Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, and\n" -" `continue`." -msgstr "" -"* Construções de fluxo de controle: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break` e\n" -" `continue`." - -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:12 -msgid "" +" `continue`.\n" +"\n" "* The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc`\n" -" and `Arc`." +" and `Arc`.\n" +"\n" +"* Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy." msgstr "" -"* A Biblioteca Padrão: `String`, `Option` e `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc`\n" -" e 'Arc'." - -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:15 -msgid "* Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy." -msgstr "* Módulos: visibilidade, caminhos e hierarquia do sistema de arquivos." #: src/structs.md:1 msgid "# Structs" @@ -5499,21 +5226,14 @@ msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:" msgstr "Como C e C++, Rust tem suporte para `structs` personalizadas:" #: src/structs.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "struct Person {\n" " name: String,\n" " age: u8,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"struct Pessoa {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" idade: u8,\n" -"}" - -#: src/structs.md:11 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut peter = Person {\n" " name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n" @@ -5550,27 +5270,24 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/structs.md:29 -msgid "" -"
\n" -"Key Points: " -msgstr "" -"
\n" -"Pontos chave:" +#: src/structs.md:31 src/enums.md:33 src/enums/sizes.md:29 src/methods.md:30 +#: src/methods/example.md:46 src/pattern-matching.md:25 +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:22 src/control-flow/blocks.md:42 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Key Points:" +msgstr "Pontos chave:" -#: src/structs.md:32 +#: src/structs.md:33 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* Structs work like in C or C++.\n" " * Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type.\n" " * Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs.\n" "* Methods are defined in an `impl` block, which we will see in following slides.\n" "* This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of structs. \n" -" * Zero-sized structs `e.g., struct Foo;` might be used when implementing a trait on some type but don't have any data " -"that you want to store in the value itself. \n" +" * Zero-sized structs `e.g., struct Foo;` might be used when implementing a trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the value itself. \n" " * The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are not important.\n" -"* The syntax `..peter` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the old struct without having to explicitly type " -"it all out. It must always be the last element." - +"* The syntax `..peter` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be the last element." msgstr "" "* Structs funcionam como em C ou C++.\n" " * Como em C++, e ao contrário de C, nenhum typedef é necessário para definir um tipo.\n" @@ -5592,15 +5309,11 @@ msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:" msgstr "Se os nomes dos campos não forem importantes, você pode usar uma estrutura de tupla:" #: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"struct Ponto(i32, i32);" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:8 -msgid "" +"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p = Point(17, 23);\n" " println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n" @@ -5620,62 +5333,38 @@ msgstr "Isso geralmente é usado para wrappers de campo único (chamados newtype #: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:16 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"struct PoundOfForce(f64);\n" -"struct Newtons(f64);" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"struct PoundOfForce(f64);\n" -"struct Newtons(f64);" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:20 -msgid "" -"fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundOfForce {\n" +"struct PoundsOfForce(f64);\n" +"struct Newtons(f64);\n" +"\n" +"fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundsOfForce {\n" " todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundOfForce {\n" -" todo!(\"Pergunte a um cientista de foguetes da NASA\")\n" -"}" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:24 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n" " // ...\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n" -" // ...\n" -"}" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:28 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let force = compute_thruster_force();\n" " set_thruster_force(force);\n" -"}" +"}\n" +"\n" +"```" msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let force = compute_thruster_force();\n" -" set_thruster_force(force);\n" -"}" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:33 src/traits/default.md:36 src/generics/trait-objects.md:86 -msgid "```" -msgstr "```" #: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:37 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in a primitive type, for example:\n" +"* Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in a primitive type, for example:\n" " * The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above.\n" -" * The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have to validate it again at every use: " -" `PhoneNumber(String)` or `OddNumber(u32)`.\n" -" \n" -"
" +" * The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have to validate it again at every use: 'PhoneNumber(String)` or `OddNumber(u32)`.\n" +"* Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the single field in the newtype.\n" +" * Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or for instance using booleans as integers.\n" +" * Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics). " msgstr "" "Newtypes são uma ótima maneira de codificar informações adicionais sobre o valor em um tipo primitivo, por exemplo:\n" " * O número é medido em algumas unidades: `Newtons` no exemplo acima.\n" -" * O valor passou por alguma validação quando foi criado, então você não precisa mais validá-lo novamente a cada uso: " -" `PhoneNumber(String)` ou `OddNumber(u32)`.\n" +" * O valor passou por alguma validação quando foi criado, então você não precisa mais validá-lo novamente a cada uso: `PhoneNumber(String)` ou `OddNumber(u32)`.\n" " \n" "
" @@ -5691,75 +5380,75 @@ msgstr "" "Se você já tiver variáveis com os nomes corretos, poderá criar o\n" "struct usando uma abreviação:" -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:6 src/methods.md:6 +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Person {\n" " name: String,\n" " age: u8,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Pessoa {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" idade: u8,\n" -"}" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:13 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Person {\n" " fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n" " Person { name, age }\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Pessoa {\n" -" fn new(nome: String, idade: u8) -> Pessoa {\n" -" Pessoa { nome, idade }\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:19 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n" " println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let pedro = Pessoa::new(String::from(\"Pedro\"), 27);\n" -" println!(\"{pedro:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:27 -msgid "The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is interchangeable with the struct type name" -msgstr "A função `new` pode ser escrita usando `Self` como um tipo, já que é intercambiável com o name do tipo _struct_" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:29 msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"impl Person {\n" -" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n" -" Self { name, age }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```\n" -" \n" -"
" +"* The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is interchangeable with the struct type name\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,editable\n" +" #[derive(Debug)]\n" +" struct Person {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" age: u8,\n" +" }\n" +" impl Person {\n" +" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n" +" Self { name, age }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" ``` \n" +"* Implement the `Default` trait for the struct. Define some fields and use the default values for the other fields.\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,editable\n" +" #[derive(Debug)]\n" +" struct Person {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" age: u8,\n" +" }\n" +" impl Default for Person {\n" +" fn default() -> Person {\n" +" Person {\n" +" name: \"Bot\".to_string(),\n" +" age: 0,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" fn create_default() {\n" +" let tmp = Person {\n" +" ..Default::default()\n" +" };\n" +" let tmp = Person {\n" +" name: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n" +" ..Default::default()\n" +" };\n" +" }\n" +" ```\n" +"\n" +"* Methods are defined in the `impl` block.\n" +"* Use struct update syntax to define a new structure using `peter`. Note that the variable `peter` will no longer be accessible afterwards.\n" +"* Use `{:#?}` when printing structs to request the `Debug` representation." msgstr "" -"```rust, ignore\n" -"impl Pessoa {\n" -" fn new(nome: String, idade: u8) -> Self {\n" -" Self { nome, idade }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```\n" -" \n" -"
" #: src/enums.md:1 msgid "# Enums" @@ -5774,33 +5463,19 @@ msgstr "" "variações diferentes:" #: src/enums.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n" " 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn gerador_numero_aleatorio() -> i32 {\n" -" 4 // Escolhido por jogada de dados justa. Garantido para ser aleatório.\n" -"}" - -#: src/enums.md:11 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "enum CoinFlip {\n" " Heads,\n" " Tails,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"enum CaraCoroa {\n" -" Cara,\n" -" Coroa,\n" -"}" - -#: src/enums.md:17 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n" " let random_number = generate_random_number();\n" " if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n" @@ -5808,7 +5483,12 @@ msgid "" " } else {\n" " return CoinFlip::Tails;\n" " }\n" -"}" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "fn jogar_moeda() -> CaraCoroa {\n" " let numero_aleatorio = gerador_numero_aleatorio();\n" @@ -5819,50 +5499,22 @@ msgstr "" " }\n" "}" -#: src/enums.md:26 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Você tem: {:?}\", jogar_moeda());\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/enums.md:31 -msgid "" -"
\n" -" \n" -"Key Points:" -msgstr "" -"
\n" -" \n" -"Pontos chave:" - #: src/enums.md:35 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type\n" -"* This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and `Tail`. You might note the namespace when using " -"variants.\n" +"* This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and `Tail`. You might note the namespace when using variants.\n" "* This might be a good time to compare Structs and Enums:\n" -" * In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one with different types of fields (variant " -"payloads). \n" +" * In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one with different types of fields (variant payloads). \n" " * In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block.\n" -" * You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate structs but then they wouldn't be the same " -"type as they would if they were all defined in an enum. \n" -"
" +" * You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were all defined in an enum. " msgstr "" "* As enumerações permitem que você colete um conjunto de valores em um tipo\n" -"* Esta página oferece um tipo de Enum `CoinFlip` com duas variantes `Heads` e `Tail`. Você pode observar o namespace ao " -"usar variantes.\n" +"* Esta página oferece um tipo de Enum `CoinFlip` com duas variantes `Heads` e `Tail`. Você pode observar o namespace ao usar variantes.\n" "* Este pode ser um bom momento para comparar Structs e Enums:\n" -" * Em ambos, você pode ter uma versão simples sem campos (unit struct) ou uma com diferentes tipos de campos (variant " -"payloads).\n" +" * Em ambos, você pode ter uma versão simples sem campos (unit struct) ou uma com diferentes tipos de campos (variant payloads).\n" " * Em ambos, as funções associadas são definidas dentro de um bloco `impl`.\n" -" * Você pode até mesmo implementar as diferentes variantes de uma Enum com Structs separadas, mas elas não seriam do mesmo " -"tipo que seriam se todas fossem definidas em uma Enum.\n" +" * Você pode até mesmo implementar as diferentes variantes de uma Enum com Structs separadas, mas elas não seriam do mesmo tipo que seriam se todas fossem definidas em uma Enum.\n" "
" #: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:1 @@ -5884,17 +5536,8 @@ msgid "" " PageLoad, // Variant without payload\n" " KeyPress(char), // Tuple struct variant\n" " Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"enum WebEvent {\n" -" PageLoad, // Variante sem payload\n" -" KeyPress(char), // Variante da estrutura da tupla\n" -" Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Variante de struct completa\n" -"}" - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:13 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" "fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n" " match event {\n" @@ -5902,60 +5545,39 @@ msgid "" " WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n" " WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n" -" match event{\n" -" WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"página carregada\"),\n" -" WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressionou '{c}'\"),\n" -" WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicou em x={x}, y={y}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:22 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n" " let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n" -" let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n" -" let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n" -" let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };" - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:27 -msgid "" +" let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };\n" +"\n" " inspect(load);\n" " inspect(press);\n" " inspect(click);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" inspect(load);\n" -" inspect(press);\n" -" inspect(click);\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:35 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"* In the above example, accessing the `char` in `KeyPress`, or `x` and `y` in `Click` only works within a `match` or an `if " -"let` statement.\n" -"* `match` and `if let` inspect a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`.\n" +"* The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern matched. The pattern binds references to the fields in the \"match arm\" after the `=>`.\n" +" * The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There is no fall-through like in C or C++.\n" +" * The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in the match arm which was executed.\n" +" * Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then run the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. \n" +"* Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are handled. \n" +"* `match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`.\n" "* It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::discriminant()`\n" -" * This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs where comparing field values doesn't affect " -"equality.\n" -"* `WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. " -"The inlined version cannot implement traits, for example." +" * This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs where comparing field values doesn't affect equality.\n" +"* `WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined version cannot implement traits, for example. \n" +" " msgstr "" "* No exemplo acima, acessar o `char` em `KeyPress`, ou `x` e `y` em `Click` só funciona dentro de uma instrução `match`\n" " ou em uma expressão `if let`.\n" "* `match` inspeciona um campo discriminante oculto no `enum`.\n" "* É possível recuperar o campo discriminante chamando `std::mem::discriminant()`.\n" -"* `WebEvent::Click { ... }` não é exatamente o mesmo que `WebEvent::Click(Click)` com um `struct Click { ... }` de nível " -"superior. A versão embutida não pode implementar traits, por exemplo." +"* `WebEvent::Click { ... }` não é exatamente o mesmo que `WebEvent::Click(Click)` com um `struct Click { ... }` de nível superior. A versão embutida não pode implementar traits, por exemplo." #: src/enums/sizes.md:1 msgid "# Enum Sizes" @@ -5966,19 +5588,27 @@ msgid "Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into a msgstr "Enums, em Rust, são empacotados firmemente, levando em consideração as restrições devido ao alinhamento:" #: src/enums/sizes.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" -"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};" -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:8 -msgid "" +"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n" +"\n" "macro_rules! dbg_size {\n" " ($t:ty) => {\n" " println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n" " stringify!($t), size_of::<$t>(), align_of::<$t>());\n" " };\n" -"}" +"}\n" +"\n" +"enum Foo {\n" +" A,\n" +" B,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" dbg_size!(Foo);\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "macro_rules! dbg_size {\n" " ($t:ty) => {\n" @@ -5987,254 +5617,136 @@ msgstr "" " };\n" "}" -#: src/enums/sizes.md:15 -msgid "" -"enum Foo {\n" -" A,\n" -" B,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"enum Foo {\n" -" A,\n" -" B,\n" -"}" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:20 -msgid "" -"#[repr(u32)]\n" -"enum Bar {\n" -" A, // 0\n" -" B = 10000,\n" -" C, // 10001\n" -"}" -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:27 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" dbg_size!(Foo);\n" -" dbg_size!(Bar);\n" -" dbg_size!(bool);\n" -" dbg_size!(Option);\n" -" dbg_size!(&i32);\n" -" dbg_size!(Option<&i32>);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:37 +#: src/enums/sizes.md:25 msgid "* See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html)." msgstr "* Consulte a [Referência do Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html)." -#: src/enums/sizes.md:39 +#: src/enums/sizes.md:31 msgid "" -"
\n" -" \n" -"Key Points: \n" " * Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum variant.\n" -" * `Bar` enum demonstrates that there is a way to control the discriminant value and type. If `repr` is removed, the " -"discriminant type takes 2 bytes, becuase 10001 fits 2 bytes.\n" -" * As a niche optimization an enum discriminant is merged with the pointer so that `Option<&Foo>` is the same size as " -"`&Foo`.\n" -" * `Option` is another example of tight packing.\n" -" * For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::()` equals " -"`size_of::>()`.\n" -" * Zero-sized types allow for efficient implementation of `HashSet` using `HashMap` with `()` as the value." +"\n" +" * You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):\n" +" \n" +" ```rust,editable\n" +" #[repr(u32)]\n" +" enum Bar {\n" +" A, // 0\n" +" B = 10000,\n" +" C, // 10001\n" +" }\n" +" \n" +" fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n" +" println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n" +" println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n" +" }\n" +" ```\n" +"\n" +" Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2\n" +" bytes.\n" +"\n" +"\n" +" * Try out other types such as\n" +" \n" +" * `dbg_size!(bool)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes,\n" +" * `dbg_size!(Option)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes (niche optimization, see below),\n" +" * `dbg_size!(&i32)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (on a 64-bit machine),\n" +" * `dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (null pointer optimization, see below).\n" +"\n" +" * Niche optimization: Rust will merge use unused bit patterns for the enum\n" +" discriminant.\n" +"\n" +" * Null pointer optimization: For [some\n" +" types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/#representation), Rust guarantees\n" +" that `size_of::()` equals `size_of::>()`.\n" +"\n" +" Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation *may* look like in practice.\n" +" It's important to note that the compiler provides no guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe.\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,editable\n" +" use std::mem::transmute;\n" +"\n" +" macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" +" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" +" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, $bit_type>($e));\n" +" };\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn main() {\n" +" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" +" // representation of types.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(None::, u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option>\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(None::), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(None::>, u8);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" ```\n" +"\n" +" More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain more than 256 `Option`s together.\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,editable\n" +" #![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n" +"\n" +" use std::mem::transmute;\n" +" \n" +" macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" +" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" +" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, $bit_type>($e));\n" +" };\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" signs.\n" +" // Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n" +" macro_rules! many_options {\n" +" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n" +" ($value:expr, @) => {\n" +" Some(Some($value))\n" +" };\n" +" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n" +" many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n" +" };\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn main() {\n" +" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" +" // representation of types.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n" +" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n" +" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's.\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's.\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's.\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" ```" msgstr "" -"
\n" -" \n" -"Pontos chave:\n" -" * Internamente Rust está usando um campo (discriminante) para acompanhar a variante da enum.\n" -" * A Enum `Bar` demonstra que existe uma maneira de controlar o valor e o tipo discriminante. Se `repr` for removido, o " -"tipo discriminante ocupa 2 bytes, porque 10001 cabe 2 bytes.\n" -" * Como uma otimização de nicho, um discriminante de Enum é mesclado com o ponteiro para que `Option<&Foo>` seja do mesmo " -"tamanho que `&Foo`.\n" -" * `Option` é outro exemplo de empacotamento compacto.\n" -" * Para [alguns tipos](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/#representation), Rust garante que o `size_of::()` é igual a " -"`size_of:: >()`.\n" -" * Tipos de tamanho zero permitem a implementação eficiente de `HashSet` usando `HashMap` com `()` como valor." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:49 -msgid "" -"Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation *may* look like in practice.\n" -"It's important to note that the compiler provides no guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally " -"unsafe." -msgstr "Código de exemplo se você quiser mostrar como a representação bit a bit *pode* parecer na prática.\n" -" É importante observar que o compilador não oferece garantias quanto a essa representação, portanto, isso é totalmente " -"inseguro." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:52 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::mem::transmute;" -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:55 src/enums/sizes.md:94 -msgid "" -"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" -" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" -" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, $bit_type>($e));\n" -" };\n" -"}" -msgstr "" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:61 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" -" // representation of types.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(true, u8);" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" // TOTALMENTE INSEGURO. Rust não oferece nenhuma garantia sobre a\n" -" // representação bit a bit de tipos.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" println!(\"Representação bit a bit do tipo bool\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(true, u8);" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:69 -msgid "" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::, u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);" -msgstr "" -" println!(\"Representação bit a bit do tipo Option\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::, u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:74 -msgid "" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option>\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(None::), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::>, u8);" -msgstr "" -" println!(\"Representação bit a bit do tipo Option>\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(None::), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::>, u8);" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:80 -msgid "" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" println!(\"Representação bit a bit do tipo Option<&i32>\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:87 -msgid "More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain more than 256 `Option`s together." -msgstr "Exemplo mais complexo se você quiser discutir o que acontece quando encadeamos mais de 256 `Option` juntas." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:89 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:92 -msgid "use std::mem::transmute;" -msgstr "use std::mem::transmute;" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:100 -msgid "" -"// Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" signs.\n" -"// Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n" -"macro_rules! many_options {\n" -" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n" -" ($value:expr, @) => {\n" -" Some(Some($value))\n" -" };\n" -" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n" -" many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n" -" };\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"// Macro para envolver um valor com Some() 2^n vezes onde n é o número de simbolos \"@\"\n" -"// É necessário aumentar o limite de recursão para utilizar essa macro.\n" -"macro_rules! many_options {\n" -" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n" -" ($value:expr, @) => {\n" -" Some(Some($value))\n" -" };\n" -" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n" -" many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n" -" };\n" -"}" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:112 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" -" // representation of types.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n" -" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n" -" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" // TOTALMENTE INSEGURO. Rust não oferece nenhuma garantia sobre a\n" -" // representação bit a bit de tipos.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n" -" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n" -" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:120 -msgid "" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's.\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);" -msgstr "" -" println!(\"Representação bit a bit de uma cadeia de 128 Option's.\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:124 -msgid "" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's.\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);" -msgstr "" -" println!(\"Representação bit a bit de uma cadeia de 256 Option's.\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:128 -msgid "" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's.\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" println!(\"Representação bit a bit de uma cadeia de 257 Option's.\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/methods.md:3 msgid "" @@ -6244,22 +5756,21 @@ msgstr "" "Rust permite que você associe funções aos seus novos tipos. Você faz isso com um\n" "bloco `impl`:" -#: src/methods.md:13 +#: src/methods.md:6 msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Person {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" age: u8,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Person {\n" " fn say_hello(&self) {\n" " println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Pessoa {\n" -" fn diz_ola(&self) {\n" -" println!(\"Olá, meu nome é {}\", self.nome);\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/methods.md:19 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let peter = Person {\n" " name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n" @@ -6269,47 +5780,30 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let pedro = Pessoa {\n" -" nome: String::from(\"Pedro\"),\n" -" idade: 27,\n" -" };\n" -" pedro.diz_ola();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/methods.md:30 +#: src/methods.md:31 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Key Points:\n" "* It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions.\n" -" * Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the first parameter represents the instance as " -"`self`.\n" -" * Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver syntax and to help keep them more organized. " -"By using methods we can keep all the implementation code in one predictable place.\n" +" * Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the first parameter represents the instance as `self`.\n" +" * Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep all the implementation code in one predictable place.\n" "* Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver. \n" " * Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self:&Self` and perhaps show how the struct name could also be used. \n" " * Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and can be used elsewhere in the block.\n" " * Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to refer to individual fields.\n" -" * This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` by modifying the code and trying to run " -"say_hello twice. \n" +" * This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` by modifying the code and trying to run say_hello twice. \n" "* We describe the distinction between method receivers next.\n" -" \n" -"
" +" " msgstr "" "Pontos chave:\n" "* Pode ser útil introduzir métodos comparando-os com funções.\n" -" * Métodos são chamados em uma instância de um tipo (como struct ou enum), o primeiro parâmetro representa a instância " -"como `self`.\n" -" * Os desenvolvedores podem optar por usar métodos para aproveitar a sintaxe do receptor do método e ajudar a mantê-los " -"mais organizados. Usando métodos, podemos manter todo o código de implementação em um local previsível.\n" +" * Métodos são chamados em uma instância de um tipo (como struct ou enum), o primeiro parâmetro representa a instância como `self`.\n" +" * Os desenvolvedores podem optar por usar métodos para aproveitar a sintaxe do receptor do método e ajudar a mantê-los mais organizados. Usando métodos, podemos manter todo o código de implementação em um local previsível.\n" "* Destaque o uso da palavra-chave `self`, um receptor de método.\n" " * Mostre que é um termo abreviado para `self:&Self` e talvez mostre como o nome da struct também poderia ser usado.\n" -" * Explique que `Self` é um apelido de tipo para o tipo em que o bloco `impl` está e pode ser usado em qualquer outro lugar no " -"bloco.\n" -" * Observe como _self_ é usado com outras _Structs_ e a notação de _ponto_ pode ser usada para se referir a campos " -"individuais.\n" -" * Este pode ser um bom momento para demonstrar como `&self` difere de `self` modificando o código e tentando executar " -"`diz_ola` duas vezes.\n" +" * Explique que `Self` é um apelido de tipo para o tipo em que o bloco `impl` está e pode ser usado em qualquer outro lugar no bloco.\n" +" * Observe como _self_ é usado com outras _Structs_ e a notação de _ponto_ pode ser usada para se referir a campos individuais.\n" +" * Este pode ser um bom momento para demonstrar como `&self` difere de `self` modificando o código e tentando executar `diz_ola` duas vezes.\n" "* Descreveremos a distinção entre os receptores de método a seguir.\n" " \n" "
" @@ -6327,6 +5821,7 @@ msgstr "" "outros receptores possíveis para um método:" #: src/methods/receiver.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* `&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable\n" " reference. The object can be used again afterwards.\n" @@ -6335,9 +5830,8 @@ msgid "" "* `self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The\n" " method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped (deallocated)\n" " when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly\n" -" transmitted.\n" -"* `mut self`: same as above, but while the method owns the object, it can\n" -" mutate it too. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability.\n" +" transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability.\n" +"* `mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object. \n" "* No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to\n" " create constructors which are called `new` by convention." msgstr "" @@ -6354,7 +5848,7 @@ msgstr "" "* Sem receptor: isso se torna um método static na estrutura. Normalmente usado para\n" " criar construtores que, por convenção, são chamados `new`." -#: src/methods/receiver.md:19 +#: src/methods/receiver.md:18 msgid "" "Beyond variants on `self`, there are also\n" "[special wrapper types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html)\n" @@ -6364,15 +5858,12 @@ msgstr "" "[tipos especiais de wrapper](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html)\n" "que podem ser tipos de receptores, como `Box`." -#: src/methods/receiver.md:23 +#: src/methods/receiver.md:24 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"
\n" -" \n" -"Consider emphasizing on \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". These constraints always come\n" -"together in Rust due to borrow checker rules, and `self` is no exception. It won't be possible to\n" -"reference a struct from multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method on it.\n" -" \n" -"
" +"Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". These constraints always come\n" +"together in Rust due to borrow checker rules, and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to\n" +"reference a struct from multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method on it." msgstr "" "
\n" " \n" @@ -6393,69 +5884,30 @@ msgid "" "struct Race {\n" " name: String,\n" " laps: Vec,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Corrida {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" voltas: Vec,\n" -"}" - -#: src/methods/example.md:10 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Race {\n" " fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n" " Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"impl Corrida {\n" -" fn new(nome: &str) -> Corrida { // Um método estático, sem a definição de um receptor.\n" -" Corrida { nome: String::from(nome), voltas: Vec::new() }\n" -" }" - -#: src/methods/example.md:15 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write access to self\n" " self.laps.push(lap);\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" fn adiciona_volta(&mut self, volta: i32) { // Acesso emprestado de leitura e gravação exclusivo para self\n" -" self.voltas.push(volta);\n" -" }" - -#: src/methods/example.md:19 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n" " println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n" " for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n" " println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n" " }\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" fn imprime_voltas(&self) { // Acesso emprestado compartilhado e somente leitura para self\n" -" println!(\"Gravadas {} voltas para {}:\", self.voltas.len(), self.nome);\n" -" for (idx, volta) in self.voltas.iter().enumerate() {\n" -" println!(\"Volta {idx}: {volta} seg.\");\n" -" }\n" -" }" - -#: src/methods/example.md:26 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n" " let total = self.laps.iter().sum::();\n" " println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, total);\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" fn finaliza(self) { // ownership exclusiva de self\n" -" let total = self.voltas.iter().sum::();\n" -" println!(\"A corrida {} terminou, tempo total da volta: {}\", self.nome, total);\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/methods/example.md:32 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n" " race.add_lap(70);\n" @@ -6468,43 +5920,23 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut corrida = Corrida::new(\"Grande Prêmio de Mônaco\");\n" -" corrida.adiciona_volta(70);\n" -" corrida.adiciona_volta(68);\n" -" corrida.imprime_voltas();\n" -" corrida.adiciona_volta(71);\n" -" corrida.imprime_voltas();\n" -" corrida.finaliza();\n" -" // corrida.adiciona_volta(42);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/methods/example.md:44 +#: src/methods/example.md:47 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"
\n" -" \n" -"Key Points:\n" "* All four methods here use a different method receiver.\n" -" * You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the variable values and if/how it can be used again in " -"`main`.\n" +" * You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`.\n" " * You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` twice.\n" -"* Note, that although the method receivers are different, the non-static functions are called the same way in the main " -"body. Rust enables automatic referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust automatically adds in the `&`, `*`, " -"`muts` so that that object matches the method signature.\n" -"* You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated over. We describe vectors in more detail in the " -"afternoon. " +"* Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables automatic referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust automatically adds in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches the method signature.\n" +"* You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. " msgstr "" "
\n" " \n" "Pontos chave:\n" "* Todos os quatro métodos aqui usam um receptor de método diferente.\n" -" * Você pode apontar como isso muda o que a função pode fazer com os valores das variáveis e se/como ela pode ser usada " -"novamente em `main`.\n" +" * Você pode apontar como isso muda o que a função pode fazer com os valores das variáveis e se/como ela pode ser usada novamente em `main`.\n" " * Você pode mostrar o erro que aparece ao tentar chamar `finish` duas vezes.\n" -"* Observe que, embora os receptores do método sejam diferentes, as funções não estáticas são chamadas da mesma maneira no " -"corpo principal. Rust permite referenciar e desreferenciar automaticamente ao chamar métodos. Rust adiciona automaticamente " -"`&`, `*`, `muts` para que esse objeto corresponda à assinatura do método.\n" +"* Observe que, embora os receptores do método sejam diferentes, as funções não estáticas são chamadas da mesma maneira no corpo principal. Rust permite referenciar e desreferenciar automaticamente ao chamar métodos. Rust adiciona automaticamente `&`, `*`, `muts` para que esse objeto corresponda à assinatura do método.\n" "* Você pode apontar que `print_laps` está usando um vetor iterado. Descreveremos os vetores com mais\n" "detalhes à tarde." @@ -6525,17 +5957,12 @@ msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:" msgstr "Os padrões podem ser valores simples, similarmente a `switch` em C e C++:" #: src/pattern-matching.md:8 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" -" let input = 'x';" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let input = 'x';" - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:12 -msgid "" +" let input = 'x';\n" +"\n" " match input {\n" " 'q' => println!(\"Quitting\"),\n" " 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n" @@ -6558,22 +5985,18 @@ msgstr "" msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value." msgstr "O padrão `_` é um padrão curinga que corresponde a qualquer valor." -#: src/pattern-matching.md:23 +#: src/pattern-matching.md:26 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"
\n" -" \n" -"Key Points:\n" "* You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a pattern\n" " * `|` as an `or`\n" " * `..` can expand as much as it needs to be\n" " * `1..=5` represents an inclusive range\n" " * `_` is a wild card\n" -"* It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a wildcard character with a variable, or removing " -"the quotes around `q`.\n" +"* It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`.\n" "* You can demonstrate matching on a reference.\n" "* This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable patterns, as the term can show up in error messages.\n" -" \n" -"
" +" " msgstr "" "
\n" " \n" @@ -6583,11 +6006,9 @@ msgstr "" " * `..` pode expandir o quanto for necessário\n" " * `1..=5` representa um intervalo inclusivo\n" " * `_` é um curinga\n" -"* Pode ser útil mostrar como funciona a vinculação, por exemplo, substituindo um caractere curinga por uma variável ou " -"removendo as aspas ao redor de `q`.\n" +"* Pode ser útil mostrar como funciona a vinculação, por exemplo, substituindo um caractere curinga por uma variável ou removendo as aspas ao redor de `q`.\n" "* Você pode demonstrar correspondência em uma referência.\n" -"* Este pode ser um bom momento para trazer à tona o conceito de padrões irrefutáveis, já que o termo pode aparecer em " -"mensagens de erro.\n" +"* Este pode ser um bom momento para trazer à tona o conceito de padrões irrefutáveis, já que o termo pode aparecer em mensagens de erro.\n" " \n" "
" @@ -6604,39 +6025,22 @@ msgstr "" "que você inspeciona a estrutura de seus tipos. Vamos começar com um tipo `enum` simples:" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "enum Result {\n" " Ok(i32),\n" " Err(String),\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"enum Result {\n" -" Ok(i32),\n" -" Err(String),\n" -"}" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:12 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n" " if n % 2 == 0 {\n" " Result::Ok(n / 2)\n" " } else {\n" " Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn divide_por_dois(n: i32) -> Result {\n" -" if n % 2 == 0 {\n" -" Result::Ok(n/2)\n" -" } else {\n" -" Result::Err(format!(\"Não é possível dividir {} em duas partes iguais\", n))\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:20 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let n = 100;\n" " match divide_in_two(n) {\n" @@ -6665,17 +6069,15 @@ msgstr "" "verificação de correspondência, `metade` está vinculado ao valor dentro da variante `Ok`. Na segunda,\n" "`msg` está vinculado à mensagem de erro." -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:35 +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:36 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Key points:\n" "* The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with a `match`.\n" -"* You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the errors when running the code. Point out the " -"places where your code is now inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints." +"* You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is now inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints." msgstr "" "Pontos chave:\n" "* A expressão `if`/`else` está retornando um enum que é posteriormente descompactado com um `match`.\n" -"* Você pode tentar adicionar uma terceira variante à definição de Enum e exibir os erros ao executar o código. Aponte os " -"lugares onde seu código agora é \"não exaustivo\" e como o compilador tenta lhe dar dicas." +"* Você pode tentar adicionar uma terceira variante à definição de Enum e exibir os erros ao executar o código. Aponte os lugares onde seu código agora é \"não exaustivo\" e como o compilador tenta lhe dar dicas." #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:1 msgid "# Destructuring Structs" @@ -6686,21 +6088,14 @@ msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:" msgstr "Você também pode desestruturar `structs`:" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "struct Foo {\n" " x: (u32, u32),\n" " y: u32,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"struct Foo {\n" -" x: (u32, u32),\n" -" y: u32,\n" -"}" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:11 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" "fn main() {\n" " let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n" @@ -6710,8 +6105,7 @@ msgid "" " Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, other fields were ignored\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" -"```\n" -"
" +"```" msgstr "" "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -6728,12 +6122,10 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "* Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns.\n" "* Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed.\n" -"
" +"* The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard to\n" +" spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that it subtly\n" +" doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again." msgstr "" -"* Altere os valores literais em `foo` para corresponderem com outros padrões.\n" -"* Adicione um novo campo em `Foo` e faça as alterações no padrão" -" conforme necessário.\n" -"
" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:1 msgid "# Destructuring Arrays" @@ -6771,33 +6163,33 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:20 -msgid "* Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of fixed length." -msgstr "* Desestruturar slices de tamanho desconhecido também funciona com padrões de tamanho fixo." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:22 +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:21 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n" -" inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n" -"}" -msgstr "" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:28 -msgid "" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n" -" println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n" -" match slice {\n" -" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" -" &[1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```\n" -"* Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`\n" -"
" +"* Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of fixed length.\n" +"\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,editable\n" +" fn main() {\n" +" inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n" +" inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[rustfmt::skip]\n" +" fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n" +" println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n" +" match slice {\n" +" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" +" &[1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" ```\n" +" \n" +"* Create a new pattern using `_` to represent an element. \n" +"* Add more values to the array.\n" +"* Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of elements.\n" +"* Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`" msgstr "" "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" "fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n" @@ -6854,25 +6246,19 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:22 +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:23 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Key Points:\n" -"* Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when we wish to concisely express more complex " -"ideas than patterns alone would allow.\n" -"* They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. An `if` expression inside of the branch block " -"(after `=>`) happens after the match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't result in other " -"arms\n" +"* Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when we wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone would allow.\n" +"* They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. An `if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't result in other arms\n" "of the original `match` expression being considered. \n" "* You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression.\n" -"* The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern with an `|`.\n" -"
" +"* The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern with an `|`." msgstr "" "Pontos chave:\n" "* Guardas de correspondência, como um recurso de sintaxe separado, são importantes e necessários.\n" "Permitem expressar ideias mais complexas do que somente o padrão permitiria.\n" -"* Eles não são iguais à expressão `if` separada dentro do bloco de correspondência. Uma expressão `if` dentro do bloco de " -"ramificação (depois de `=>`) acontece depois que a correspondência é selecionada. A falha na condição `if` dentro " -"desse bloco não resultará em outras verificações de correspondência\n" +"* Eles não são iguais à expressão `if` separada dentro do bloco de correspondência. Uma expressão `if` dentro do bloco de ramificação (depois de `=>`) acontece depois que a correspondência é selecionada. A falha na condição `if` dentro desse bloco não resultará em outras verificações de correspondência\n" "da expressão `match` original serem consideradas.\n" "* Você pode usar as variáveis definidas no padrão em sua expressão `if`.\n" "* A condição definida na guarda se aplica a todas as expressões em um padrão com um `|`.\n" @@ -6887,11 +6273,11 @@ msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:" msgstr "Veremos a implementação de métodos em dois contextos:" #: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:5 -msgid "* Simple struct which tracks health statistics." -msgstr "* Estrutura simples que rastreia as estatísticas de saúde." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:7 -msgid "* Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library." +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"* Simple struct which tracks health statistics.\n" +"\n" +"* Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library." msgstr "* Várias estruturas e enumerações para uma biblioteca de desenho." #: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:1 @@ -6920,115 +6306,57 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "Copy the code below to and fill in the missing\n" "methods:" -msgstr "" -"Copie o código abaixo para e implemente os métodos:" +msgstr "Copie o código abaixo para e implemente os métodos:" -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:17 +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:13 msgid "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" +"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" "struct User {\n" " name: String,\n" " age: u32,\n" " weight: f32,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"struct Usuario {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" idade: u32,\n" -" peso: f32,\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:23 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl User {\n" " pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, weight: f32) -> Self {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"impl Usuario {\n" -" pub fn new(nome: String, idade: u32, peso: f32) -> Self {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:28 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" pub fn nome(&self) -> &str {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:32 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" pub fn idade(&self) -> u32 {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:36 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn weight(&self) -> f32 {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" pub fn peso(&self) -> f32 {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:40 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" pub fn setar_idade(&mut self, nova_idade: u32) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:44 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn set_weight(&mut self, new_weight: f32) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" pub fn setar_peso(&mut self, novo_peso: f32) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:49 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" " println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let bob = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" println!(\"Sou {} e minha idade é {}\", bob.nome(), bob.idade());\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:54 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_weight() {\n" " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" " assert_eq!(bob.weight(), 155.2);\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_peso() {\n" -" let bob = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.peso(), 155.2);\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:60 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_set_age() {\n" " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" @@ -7038,14 +6366,6 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_setar_idade() {\n" -" let mut bob = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.idade(), 32);\n" -" bob.setar_idade(33);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.idade(), 33);\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:1 msgid "# Polygon Struct" @@ -7061,214 +6381,93 @@ msgstr "" "para e preencha os métodos que faltam para fazer os\n" "testes passarem:" -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:7 src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:23 src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:12 +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:7 msgid "" "```rust\n" "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"// TODO: remova isso quando terminar sua implementação.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:11 -msgid "" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" "pub struct Point {\n" " // add fields\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"pub struct Ponto {\n" -" // adicione os campos\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:15 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Point {\n" " // add methods\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Ponto {\n" -" // adicione os métodos\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:19 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "pub struct Polygon {\n" " // add fields\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"pub struct Poligono {\n" -" // adicione os campos\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:23 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Polygon {\n" " // add methods\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Poligono {\n" -" // adicione os métodos\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:27 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "pub struct Circle {\n" " // add fields\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"pub struct Circulo {\n" -" // adicione os campos\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:31 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Circle {\n" " // add methods\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Circulo {\n" -" // adicione os métodos\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:35 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "pub enum Shape {\n" " Polygon(Polygon),\n" " Circle(Circle),\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"pub enum Forma {\n" -" Poligono(Poligono),\n" -" Circulo(Circulo),\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:40 src/testing/test-modules.md:15 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[cfg(test)]\n" "mod tests {\n" -" use super::*;" -msgstr "" -"#[cfg(test)]\n" -"mod tests {\n" -" use super::*;" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:44 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:165 -msgid "" +" use super::*;\n" +"\n" " fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" fn arredonda_dois_digitos(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" -" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:48 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:169 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_point_magnitude() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_magnitude_ponto() {\n" -" let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" -" assert_eq!(arredonda_dois_digitos(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:54 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:175 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_point_dist() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n" " let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n" " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_distancia_pontos() {\n" -" let p1 = Ponto::new(10, 10);\n" -" let p2 = Ponto::new(14, 13);\n" -" assert_eq!(arredonda_dois_digitos(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:61 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:182 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_point_add() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" " let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n" " assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_somar_pontos() {\n" -" let p1 = Ponto::new(16, 16);\n" -" let p2 = p1 + Ponto::new(-4, 3);\n" -" assert_eq!(p2, Ponto::new(12, 19));\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:68 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:189 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" -" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);" -msgstr "" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_poligono_ponto_mais_a_esquerda() {\n" -" let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" -" let p2 = Ponto::new(16, 16);" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:73 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:194 -msgid "" +" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" +"\n" " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" " poly.add_point(p1);\n" " poly.add_point(p2);\n" " assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" let mut poly = Poligono::new();\n" -" poly.adiciona_ponto(p1);\n" -" poly.adiciona_ponto(p2);\n" -" assert_eq!(poly.ponto_mais_a_esquerda(), Some(p1));\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:79 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:200 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_polygon_iter() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" -" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);" -msgstr "" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_poligono_iter() {\n" -" let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" -" let p2 = Ponto::new(16, 16);" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:84 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:205 -msgid "" +" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" +"\n" " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" " poly.add_point(p1);\n" -" poly.add_point(p2);" -msgstr "" -" let mut poly = Poligono::new();\n" -" poly.adiciona_ponto(p1);\n" -" poly.adiciona_ponto(p2);" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:88 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:209 -msgid "" +" poly.add_point(p2);\n" +"\n" " let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" " assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" let pontos = poly.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" -" assert_eq!(pontos, vec![Ponto::new(12, 13), Ponto::new(16, 16)]);\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:92 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n" " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" @@ -7286,52 +6485,31 @@ msgid "" " .collect::>();\n" " assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_perimetros_da_forma() {\n" -" let mut poly = Poligono::new();\n" -" poly.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(12, 13));\n" -" poly.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(17, 11));\n" -" poly.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(16, 16));\n" -" let formas = vec![\n" -" Forma::from(poly),\n" -" Forma::from(Circulo::new(Ponto::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" -" ];\n" -" let perimetros = formas\n" -" .iter()\n" -" .map(Forma::perimetro)\n" -" .map(arredonda_dois_digitos)\n" -" .collect::>();\n" -" assert_eq!(perimetros, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:111 src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:68 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[allow(dead_code)]\n" "fn main() {}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"#[allow(dead_code)]\n" -"fn main() {}\n" -"```" #: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:117 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the key part\n" -"of the exercise is to specify those correctly. Do not modify any of the tests." +"of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to modify the tests." msgstr "" "Como as assinaturas dos métodos estão faltando nas declarações do problema, a parte principal\n" "do exercício é especificá-las corretamente." #: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:120 +msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:122 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Other interesting parts of the exercise:\n" -" \n" "* Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes don't borrow their arguments.\n" -"* Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be addable via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss " -"generics until Day 3." +"* Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be addable via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3." msgstr "" "Outras partes interessantes do exercício:\n" " \n" @@ -7415,19 +6593,13 @@ msgstr "" "valor de retorno:" #: src/control-flow/blocks.md:28 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n" " x + x\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn dobro(x: i32) -> i32 {\n" -" x + x\n" -"}" - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:33 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"doubled: {}\", double(7));\n" "}\n" @@ -7442,19 +6614,16 @@ msgstr "" msgid "However if the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is `()`." msgstr "No entanto, se a última expressão terminar com `;` o valor e o tipo do retorno será `()`." -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:42 +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:43 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Key Points:\n" "* The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in Rust. \n" -"* You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in the block. For instance, adding/removing a " -"semicolon or using a `return`.\n" -" \n" -"" +"* You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`.\n" +" " msgstr "" "Pontos chave:\n" "* O objetivo deste slide é mostrar que os blocos têm um tipo e um valor em Rust.\n" -"* Você pode mostrar como o valor do bloco muda alterando a última linha do bloco. Por exemplo, adicionar/remover um ponto e " -"vírgula (`;`) ou usar um `return`.\n" +"* Você pode mostrar como o valor do bloco muda alterando a última linha do bloco. Por exemplo, adicionar/remover um ponto e vírgula (`;`) ou usar um `return`.\n" " \n" "" @@ -7463,10 +6632,13 @@ msgid "# `if` expressions" msgstr "# Expressões Se (`if`)" #: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:3 -msgid "You use `if` very similarly to how you would in other languages:" -msgstr "Você usa `if` de forma muito semelhante a como faria em outras linguagens:" +msgid "" +"You use [`if`\n" +"expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-expr.html#if-expressions)\n" +"exactly like `if` statements in other languages:" +msgstr "" -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:5 +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -7490,11 +6662,14 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:16 -msgid "In addition, you can use it as an expression. This does the same as above:" +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:18 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each\n" +"block becomes the value of the `if` expression:" msgstr "Além disso, você pode usá-lo como uma expressão. Isso faz o mesmo que acima:" -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:18 +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:22 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -7518,15 +6693,11 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:31 -msgid "" -"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its branch blocks must have the same type. Consider " -"showing what happens if you add `;` after `x / 2` in the second example.\n" -" \n" -"" +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:35 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its branch blocks must have the same type. Consider showing what happens if you add `;` after `x / 2` in the second example." msgstr "" -"Como `if` é uma expressão e deve ter um tipo específico, ambos os blocos de ramificação devem ter o mesmo tipo. Considere " -"mostrar o que acontece se você adicionar um `;` depois de `x / 2` no segundo exemplo.\n" +"Como `if` é uma expressão e deve ter um tipo específico, ambos os blocos de ramificação devem ter o mesmo tipo. Considere mostrar o que acontece se você adicionar um `;` depois de `x / 2` no segundo exemplo.\n" " \n" "" @@ -7535,10 +6706,13 @@ msgid "# `if let` expressions" msgstr "# Expressões Se (`if let`)" #: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:3 -msgid "If you want to match a value against a pattern, you can use `if let`:" -msgstr "Se você deseja corresponder um valor a um padrão, pode usar `if let`:" +msgid "" +"The [`if let`\n" +"expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-expr.html#if-let-expressions)\n" +"lets you execute different code depending on whether a value matches a pattern:" +msgstr "" -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:5 +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -7562,8 +6736,9 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:16 src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:21 -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:22 +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:18 +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:21 +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:23 msgid "" "See [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) for more details on patterns in\n" "Rust." @@ -7571,31 +6746,39 @@ msgstr "" "Consulte [correspondência de padrões](../pattern-matching.md) para obter mais detalhes sobre padrões em\n" "Rust." -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:21 +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:23 msgid "" -"* `if let` can be more concise than `match`, e.g., when only one case is interesting. In contrast, `match` requires all " -"branches to be covered.\n" -" * For the similar use case consider demonstrating a newly stabilized [`let else`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/" -"pull/93628) feature.\n" +"* `if let` can be more concise than `match`, e.g., when only one case is interesting. In contrast, `match` requires all branches to be covered.\n" "* A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`.\n" -"* Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching." +"* Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching.\n" +"* Since 1.65, a similar [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/let_else.html) construct allows to do a destructuring assignment, or if it fails, have a non-returning block branch (panic/return/break/continue):\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,editable\n" +" fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", second_word_to_upper(\"foo bar\"));\n" +" }\n" +" \n" +" fn second_word_to_upper(s: &str) -> Option {\n" +" let mut it = s.split(' ');\n" +" let (Some(_), Some(item)) = (it.next(), it.next()) else {\n" +" return None;\n" +" };\n" +" Some(item.to_uppercase())\n" +" }" msgstr "" -"* `if let` pode ser mais conciso que `match`, por exemplo, quando apenas um caso é interessante. Em contraste, `match` " -"requer que todas as ramificações sejam cobertas.\n" -" * Para o caso de uso semelhante, considere demonstrar um recurso [`let else`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/" -"pull/93628) recentemente estabilizado.\n" -"* Um uso comum é lidar com valores `Some` ao trabalhar com `Option`.\n" -"* Ao contrário de `match`, `if let` não suporta cláusulas de guarda para correspondência de padrões." #: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:1 -msgid "# `while` expressions" +#, fuzzy +msgid "# `while` loops" msgstr "# Expressões enquanto (`while`)" #: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:3 -msgid "The `while` keyword works very similar to other languages:" -msgstr "A palavra-chave `while` funciona de maneira muito semelhante a outras linguagens:" +msgid "" +"The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-loops)\n" +"works very similar to other languages:" +msgstr "" -#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:5 +#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -7626,43 +6809,38 @@ msgstr "" "```" #: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:1 -msgid "# `while let` expressions" +#, fuzzy +msgid "# `while let` loops" msgstr "# Expressões enquanto (`while let`)" #: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:3 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Like with `if`, there is a `while let` variant which repeatedly tests a value\n" -"against a pattern:" +"Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops)\n" +"variant which repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:" msgstr "" "Como com `if`, há uma variante `while let` que testa repetidamente se um valor\n" "corresponde a um padrão:" #: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.into_iter();" +" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" +"\n" +" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " let mut iter = v.into_iter();" -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:11 -msgid "" -" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - #: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:17 msgid "" "Here the iterator returned by `v.iter()` will return a `Option` on every\n" @@ -7673,44 +6851,40 @@ msgstr "" "chamada para `next()`. Ele retorna `Some(x)` até que seja concluído e, em seguida, retorna \n" "`None`. O `while let` nos permite continuar iterando por todos os itens, enquando houver." -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:27 +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:26 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value matches the pattern.\n" -"* You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if statement that breaks when there is no value to " -"unwrap for `iter.next()`. The `while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario.\n" -" \n" -"" +"* You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `iter.next()`. The `while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario.\n" +" " msgstr "" "* Saliente que o laço `while let` continuará enquanto o valor corresponder ao padrão.\n" -"* Você pode reescrever o laço `while let` como um laço infinito com uma instrução if que quebra quando não há valor para " -"desempacotar para `iter.next()`. O `while let` fornece açúcar sintático para o cenário acima.\n" +"* Você pode reescrever o laço `while let` como um laço infinito com uma instrução if que quebra quando não há valor para desempacotar para `iter.next()`. O `while let` fornece açúcar sintático para o cenário acima.\n" " \n" "" #: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:1 -msgid "# `for` expressions" -msgstr "# Expressões Para (`for`)" +#, fuzzy +msgid "# `for` loops" +msgstr "## Laços `for`" #: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:3 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"The `for` expression is closely related to the `while let` expression. It will\n" +"The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) is closely\n" +"related to the [`while let` loop](while-let-expression.md). It will\n" "automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate over it:" msgstr "" "A expressão `for` está intimamente relacionada com a expressão `while let`. É\n" "chamado automaticamente `into_iter()` na expressão e, em seguida, iterado sobre ela:" -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:6 +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:7 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];" - -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:10 -msgid "" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +"\n" " for x in v {\n" " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" " }\n" @@ -7731,19 +6905,17 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:20 +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:21 msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual." msgstr "Você pode usar `break` e `continue` aqui como de costume." -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:22 +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:25 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"
\n" -" \n" "* Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case.\n" "* `(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. \n" "* `step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every other element. \n" -"* Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to " -"`for x in v.iter_mut()`." +"* Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`." msgstr "" "
\n" " \n" @@ -7759,13 +6931,18 @@ msgstr "# Expressões de laço (`loop`)" #: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:3 msgid "" -"Finally, there is a `loop` keyword which creates an endless loop. Here you must\n" -"either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:" +"Finally, there is a [`loop` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops)\n" +"which creates an endless loop." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:6 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Here you must either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:" msgstr "" "Finalmente, há uma palavra-chave `loop` que cria um laço infinito. Aqui você deve\n" "usar `break` ou `return` para parar o laço:" -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:6 +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:8 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -7785,29 +6962,29 @@ msgid "" "```" msgstr "" -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:23 +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:27 msgid "" -"
\n" -" \n" -"* Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out." +"* Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out.\n" +"* Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which returns a non-trivial\n" +" value. This is because it's guaranteed to be entered at least once (unlike\n" +" `while` and `for` loops)." msgstr "" -"
\n" -" \n" -"* Break o `loop` com um valor (ex. `break 8`) e mostre-o." #: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:1 msgid "# `match` expressions" msgstr "# Expressões de correspondência (`match`)" #: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:3 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"The `match` keyword is used to match a value against one or more patterns. In\n" -"that sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:" +"The [`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/match-expr.html)\n" +"is used to match a value against one or more patterns. In that sense, it works\n" +"like a series of `if let` expressions:" msgstr "" "A palavra-chave `match` é usada para corresponder um valor a um ou mais padrões. Nesse\n" "sentido, funciona como uma série de expressões `if let`:" -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:6 +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -7835,7 +7012,7 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:19 +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:20 msgid "" "Like `if let`, each match arm must have the same type. The type is the last\n" "expression of the block, if any. In the example above, the type is `()`." @@ -7843,25 +7020,21 @@ msgstr "" "Como `if let`, cada braço de correspondência deve ter o mesmo tipo. O tipo é a última\n" "expressão do bloco, se houver. No exemplo acima, o tipo é `()`." -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:25 +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:28 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"
\n" -" \n" "* Save the match expression to a variable and print it out.\n" "* Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error.\n" -" * `std::env::Agrs().next` returns an `Option<&String>`, but we cannot match against `String`.\n" -" * `as_deref()` transforms an `Option` to `Option`. In our case, this turns `Option<&String>` into " -"`Option<&str>`.\n" -" * We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside `Option`.\n" -"
" +" * `std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option`, but we cannot match against `String`.\n" +" * `as_deref()` transforms an `Option` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our case, this turns `Option` into `Option<&str>`.\n" +" * We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside `Option`." msgstr "" "
\n" " \n" "* Salve o resultado de uma expressão de correspondência `match` em uma variável e imprima-a.\n" "* Remova `.as_deref()` e explique o erro gerado.\n" " * `std::env::Agrs().next()` returns an `Option<&String>`, porém `match` não funciona com o tipo `String`.\n" -" * `as_deref()` transforma um tipo `Option` em `Option`. Nesse caso, transforma um `Option<&String>` em " -"`Option<&str>`.\n" +" * `as_deref()` transforma um tipo `Option` em `Option`. Nesse caso, transforma um `Option<&String>` em `Option<&str>`.\n" " * Agora podemos usar a correspondência de padrões em um `&str` dentro de um `Option`.\n" "
" @@ -7871,15 +7044,22 @@ msgstr "# Interromper (`break`) e Continuar (`continue`)" #: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:3 msgid "" -"If you want to exit a loop early, use `break`, if you want to immediately start\n" -"the next iteration use `continue`. Both `continue` and `break` can optionally\n" -"take a label argument which is used to break out of nested loops:" +"- If you want to exit a loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions),\n" +"- If you want to immediately start\n" +"the next iteration use [`continue`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:7 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is used\n" +"to break out of nested loops:" msgstr "" "Se você quiser sair de um laços mais cedo, use `break`, se quiser iniciar imediatamente\n" "a próxima iteração use `continue`. Ambos `continue` e `break` podem opcionalmente\n" "receber um rótulo como argumento que é usado para sair de laços aninhados:" -#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:7 +#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:10 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -7917,7 +7097,7 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:25 +#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:28 msgid "In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop." msgstr "Neste caso, quebramos o laço externo após 3 iterações do laço interno." @@ -7942,38 +7122,23 @@ msgstr "As palavras reservadas de tipo comuns incluem:" #: src/std.md:9 msgid "" "* [`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional values\n" -" and [error handling](error-handling.md)." -msgstr "" -"* Tipos [`Option` e `Result`](std/option-result.md): usados para valores opcionais\n" -" e [manipulação de erros](error-handling.md)." - -#: src/std.md:12 -msgid "* [`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data." -msgstr "* [`String`](std/string.md): o tipo de cadeia de caracteres padrão extensível usado para dados." - -#: src/std.md:14 -msgid "* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector." -msgstr "* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): um vetor extensível padrão." - -#: src/std.md:16 -msgid "" +" and [error handling](error-handling.md).\n" +"\n" +"* [`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data.\n" +"\n" +"* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector.\n" +"\n" "* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing\n" -" algorithm." +" algorithm.\n" +"\n" +"* [`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data.\n" +"\n" +"* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated data." msgstr "" -"* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): um tipo de mapa hash com o algoritmo de hashing configurável." -#: src/std.md:19 -msgid "* [`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data." -msgstr "* [`Box`](std/box.md): um ponteiro próprio para dados alocados em heap." - -#: src/std.md:21 -msgid "* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated data." -msgstr "* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): um ponteiro de contagem de referência compartilhado para dados alocados em heap." - -#: src/std.md:23 +#: src/std.md:25 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"
\n" -" \n" " * In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, `alloc` and `std`. \n" " * `core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on `libc`, allocator or\n" " even the presence of an operating system. \n" @@ -7997,12 +7162,18 @@ msgid "The types represent optional data:" msgstr "Os tipos representam dados opcionais:" #: src/std/option-result.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n" -" println!(\"first: {first:?}\");" +" println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n" +"\n" +" let idx: Result = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n" +" println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -8010,18 +7181,6 @@ msgstr "" " let primeiro: Option<&i8> = numeros.first();\n" " println!(\"Primeiro: {primeiro:?}\");" -#: src/std/option-result.md:11 -msgid "" -" let idx: Result = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n" -" println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" let idx: Result = numeros.binary_search(&10);\n" -" println!(\"Indice: {idx:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - #: src/std/option-result.md:18 msgid "" "* `Option` and `Result` are widely used not just in the standard library.\n" @@ -8052,39 +7211,19 @@ msgid "" "fn main() {\n" " let mut s1 = String::new();\n" " s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n" -" println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut s1 = String::new();\n" -" s1.push_str(\"Olá\");\n" -" println!(\"s1: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());" - -#: src/std/string.md:11 -msgid "" +" println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n" +"\n" " let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n" " s2.push_str(&s1);\n" " s2.push('!');\n" -" println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());" -msgstr "" -" let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n" -" s2.push_str(&s1);\n" -" s2.push('!');\n" -" println!(\"s2: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());" - -#: src/std/string.md:16 -msgid "" +" println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n" +"\n" " let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n" " println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n" " s3.chars().count());\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n" -" println!(\"s3: tamanho = {}, número de caracteres = {}\", s3.len(),\n" -" s3.chars().count());\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/std/string.md:22 msgid "" @@ -8094,23 +7233,20 @@ msgstr "" "`String` implementa [`Deref`][2], o que significa que você pode chamar todos\n" "os métodos contidos em `str` em uma `String`." -#: src/std/string.md:25 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str" - #: src/std/string.md:30 msgid "" -"* `len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes, not its length in characters.\n" -"* `chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters.\n" -"* `String` implements `Deref` which transparently gives it access to `str`'s methods." +"* `String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when you know how much data you want to push to the string.\n" +"* `String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be different from its length in characters).\n" +"* `String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a `char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" due to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html).\n" +"* When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or `String`. \n" +"* When a type implements `Deref`, the compiler will let you transparently call methods from `T`.\n" +" * `String` implements `Deref` which transparently gives it access to `str`'s methods.\n" +" * Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1`;.\n" +"* `String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but with some extra guarantees.\n" +"* Compare the different ways to index a `String`:\n" +" * To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, out-of-bounds.\n" +" * To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character boundaries or not." msgstr "" -"* `len` retorna o tamanho da `String` em bytes, não seu comprimento em caracteres.\n" -"* `chars` retorna um iterador sobre os caracteres reais.\n" -"* `String` implementa `Deref` que dá acesso transparente aos métodos de `str`." #: src/std/vec.md:1 msgid "# `Vec`" @@ -8126,59 +7262,26 @@ msgid "" "fn main() {\n" " let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n" " v1.push(42);\n" -" println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n" -" v1.push(42);\n" -" println!(\"v1: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());" - -#: src/std/vec.md:11 -msgid "" +" println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());\n" +"\n" " let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n" " v2.extend(v1.iter());\n" " v2.push(9999);\n" -" println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());" -msgstr "" -" let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n" -" v2.extend(v1.iter());\n" -" v2.push(9999);\n" -" println!(\"v2: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/vec.md:16 -msgid "" +" println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n" +"\n" " // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n" -" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];" -msgstr "" -" // Macro canônica para inicializar um vetor com elementos.\n" -" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];" - -#: src/std/vec.md:19 -msgid "" +" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n" +"\n" " // Retain only the even elements.\n" " v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n" -" println!(\"{v3:?}\");" -msgstr "" -" // Retém somente os elementos pares.\n" -" v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n" -" println!(\"{v3:?}\");" - -#: src/std/vec.md:23 -msgid "" +" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" +"\n" " // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n" " v3.dedup();\n" " println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" // Remove valores duplicados consecutivos.\n" -" v3.dedup();\n" -" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/std/vec.md:29 msgid "" @@ -8188,14 +7291,6 @@ msgstr "" "`Vec` implementa [`Deref`][2], o que significa que você pode chamar métodos de slice\n" "em um `Vec`." -#: src/std/vec.md:32 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-[T]" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-[T]" - #: src/std/vec.md:37 msgid "" "* `Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data it contains is stored\n" @@ -8236,80 +7331,65 @@ msgstr "Mapa de _hash_ padrão com proteção contra ataques HashDoS:" #: src/std/hashmap.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" -"use std::collections::HashMap;" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::collections::HashMap;" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:8 -msgid "" +"use std::collections::HashMap;\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n" " page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), 207);\n" " page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n" -" page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut meus_livros = HashMap::new();\n" -" meus_livros.insert(\"Aventuras de Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), 207);\n" -" meus_livros.insert(\"Contos de Fadas dos Grimms\".to_string(), 751);\n" -" meus_livros.insert(\"Orgulho e Preconceito\".to_string(), 303);" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:14 -msgid "" +" page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n" +"\n" " if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n" " println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n" " page_counts.len());\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" if !meus_livros.contains_key(\"Os Miseráveis\") {\n" -" println!(\"Tenho {} livros, mas não Os Miseráveis.\",\n" -" meus_livros.len());\n" -" }" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:19 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n" " match page_counts.get(book) {\n" " Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n" " None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n" " }\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" for livro in [\"Orgulho e Preconceito\", \"Alice no País das Maravilhas\"] {\n" -" match meus_livros.get(livro) {\n" -" Some(paginas) => println!(\"{livro}: {paginas} páginas\"),\n" -" None => println!(\"{livro} é desconhecido.\")\n" -" }\n" -" }" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:26 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n" " for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n" " let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string()).or_insert(0);\n" " *page_count += 1;\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" // Use o método .entry() para inserir um valor, caso este não seja encontrado.\n" -" for livro in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n" -" let meu_livro: &mut i32 = meus_livros.entry(livro.to_string()).or_insert(0);\n" -" *meu_livro += 1;\n" -" }" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:32 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" println!(\"{meus_livros:#?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/std/hashmap.md:38 -msgid "* Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro." -msgstr "* Diferente de `vec!`, infelizmente não há uma macro padrão `hashmap!`." +msgid "" +"* `HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope.\n" +"* Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will insert the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found.\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,ignore\n" +" let pc1 = page_counts\n" +" .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n" +" .unwrap_or(&336);\n" +" let pc2 = page_counts\n" +" .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n" +" .or_insert(374);\n" +" ```\n" +"* Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro.\n" +" * Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`][1], which allows us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,ignore\n" +" let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n" +" (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n" +" (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n" +" ]);\n" +" ```\n" +"\n" +" * Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-value tuples.\n" +"* We are showing `HashMap`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be done,\n" +" but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker.\n" +" * Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?" +msgstr "" #: src/std/box.md:1 msgid "# `Box`" @@ -8371,31 +7451,21 @@ msgstr "" "`Box` implementa `Deref`, o que significa que você pode [chamar métodos\n" "de `T` diretamente em um `Box`][2]." -#: src/std/box.md:29 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion" - #: src/std/box.md:34 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"* `Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++. \n" +"* `Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be not null. \n" "* In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` statement thanks to `Deref`. \n" "* A `Box` can be useful when you:\n" " * have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust compiler wants to know an exact size.\n" -" * want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large amounts of data on the stack, instead " -"store the data on the heap in a `Box` so only the pointer is moved.\n" -"
" +" * want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` so only the pointer is moved." msgstr "" "* `Box` é parecido com `std::unique_ptr` em C++. \n" "* No exemplo acima, você pode remover o `*` na instrução `println!` graças ao `Deref`. \n" "* Uma `Box` é útil quando você:\n" " * Tem um tipo cujo tamanho não está disponível em tempo de compilação, mas o compilador Rust precisa saber o tamanho exato.\n" " * Precisa transferir a propriedade de um dado grande. Ao invés de copiar grandes volumes de dados na pilha (`stack`),\n" -"os dados são armazenados usando uma `Box` na _heap_ e apenas o ponteiro é movido." -"
" +"os dados são armazenados usando uma `Box` na _heap_ e apenas o ponteiro é movido.
" #: src/std/box-recursive.md:1 msgid "# Box with Recursive Data Structures" @@ -8406,23 +7476,15 @@ msgid "Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box` msgstr "Tipos de dados recursivos ou tipos de dados com tamanhos dinâmicos precisam usar uma `Box`:" #: src/std/box-recursive.md:5 src/std/box-niche.md:3 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "enum List {\n" " Cons(T, Box>),\n" " Nil,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"enum List {\n" -" Cons(T, Box>),\n" -" Nil,\n" -"}" - -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:12 src/std/box-niche.md:10 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let list: List = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::new(List::Nil))));\n" " println!(\"{list:?}\");\n" @@ -8436,47 +7498,46 @@ msgstr "" "```" #: src/std/box-recursive.md:18 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": list : : :\n" -": +--------+-------+ : : +--------+--------+ +--------+------+ :\n" -": | Tag | Cons | : : .->| Tag | Cons | .->| Tag | Nil | :\n" -": | 0 | 1 | : : | | 0 | 2 | | | ////// | //// | :\n" -": | 1 | o-----+----+-----+-' | 1 | o------+-' | ////// | //// | :\n" -": +--------+-------+ : : +--------+--------+ +--------+------+ :\n" +": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----+ :\n" +": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // | :\n" +": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----+ :\n" ": : : :\n" ": : : :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" msgstr "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": lista : : :\n" -": +--------+-------+ : : +--------+--------+ +--------+------+ :\n" -": | Tag | Cons | : : .->| Tag | Cons | .->| Tag | Nil | :\n" -": | 0 | 1 | : : | | 0 | 2 | | | ////// | //// | :\n" -": | 1 | o-----+----+-----+-' | 1 | o------+-' | ////// | //// | :\n" -": +--------+-------+ : : +--------+--------+ +--------+------+ :\n" -": : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": lista : : :\n" +": +----------+-------+ : : +----------+--------+ +----------+------+ :\n" +": | 0 | 1 | : : .->| 0 | 2 | .->| ////// | //// | :\n" +": | \"1/Tag\"| o-----+--+-----+-' | \"1/Tag\"| o-----+-' | \"1/Tag\"| null | :\n" +": +----------+-------+ : : +----------+--------+ +----------+------+ :\n" +": : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" #: src/std/box-recursive.md:33 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"
\n" -" \n" "* If the `Box` was not used here and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the `List`,\n" "the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory, it would look infinite.\n" -" \n" +"\n" "* `Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and just points at the next\n" -"element of the `List` in the heap. " - +"element of the `List` in the heap.\n" +"\n" +"* Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. \"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly. \n" +" " msgstr "" "
\n" " \n" @@ -8488,16 +7549,6 @@ msgstr "" " \n" "
" -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:41 -msgid "" -"* Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. `Recursive with indirection` is a hint you might " -"want to use a Box or reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly. \n" -" \n" -"
" -msgstr "" -"* Remova a `Box` da definição da `List` e veja o erro apresentado pelo compilador. `Recursive with indirection` é o aviso que você vai receber." -"
" - #: src/std/box-niche.md:1 msgid "# Niche Optimization" msgstr "# Otimização de Nicho" @@ -8511,19 +7562,19 @@ msgstr "" "permite que o compilador otimize o layout da memória:" #: src/std/box-niche.md:19 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": list : : :\n" -": +----------+-------+ : : +----------+--------+ +----------+------+ :\n" -": | 0 | 1 | : : .->| 0 | 2 | .->| ////// | //// | :\n" -": | \"1/Tag\"| o-----+--+-----+-' | \"1/Tag\"| o-----+-' | \"1/Tag\"| null | :\n" -": +----------+-------+ : : +----------+--------+ +----------+------+ :\n" -": : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": list : : :\n" +": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------+ :\n" +": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null | :\n" +": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------+ :\n" +": : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" msgstr "" "```bob\n" @@ -8553,22 +7604,28 @@ msgstr "" "os mesmos dados a partir de vários locais:" #: src/std/rc.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" -"use std::rc::Rc;" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::rc::Rc;" - -#: src/std/rc.md:9 -msgid "" +"use std::rc::Rc;\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n" -" let mut b = a.clone();" +" let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" +" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" -" let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n" -" let mut b = a.clone();" +" let x = 42;\n" +" let y = x;\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" #: src/std/rc.md:18 msgid "" @@ -8583,24 +7640,16 @@ msgstr "" "Você pode regredir um ponteiro compartilhado dentro de um ponteiro [`Weak`][4] para criar ciclos\n" "que serão descartados." -#: src/std/rc.md:24 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/index.html\n" -"[3]: ../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md\n" -"[4]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/index.html\n" -"[3]: ../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md\n" -"[4]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html" - #: src/std/rc.md:31 +#, fuzzy msgid "" +"* `Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there are references.\n" "* Like C++'s `std::shared_ptr`.\n" -"* `clone` is cheap: creates a pointer to the same allocation and increases the reference count.\n" +"* `Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally be ignored when looking for performance issues in code.\n" "* `make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") and returns a mutable reference.\n" -"* You can `downgrade()` a `Rc` into a *weakly reference-counted* object to\n" +"* Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count.\n" +"* Compare the different datatypes mentioned. `Box` enables (im)mutable borrows that are enforced at compile time. `RefCell` enables (im)mutable borrows that are enforced at run time and will panic if it fails at runtime.\n" +"* `Rc::downgrade` gives you a *weakly reference-counted* object to\n" " create cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with\n" " `RefCell`)." msgstr "" @@ -8610,34 +7659,20 @@ msgstr "" "* Você pode invocar `downgrade()` em um `Rc` para obter um objeto contador de referências `Weak` para criar\n" "ciclos que podem ser apropriadamente descartados (provavelmente combinados com `RefCell`)." -#: src/std/rc.md:38 +#: src/std/rc.md:41 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n" -"use std::cell::RefCell;" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n" -"use std::cell::RefCell;" - -#: src/std/rc.md:42 -msgid "" +"use std::cell::RefCell;\n" +"\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Node {\n" " value: i64,\n" " parent: Option>>,\n" " children: Vec>>,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct No {\n" -" valor: i64,\n" -" pai: Option>>,\n" -" filhos: Vec>>,\n" -"}" - -#: src/std/rc.md:49 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut root = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" " value: 42,\n" @@ -8649,7 +7684,11 @@ msgid "" " children: vec![],\n" " parent: Some(Rc::downgrade(&root))\n" " }));\n" -" root.borrow_mut().children.push(child);" +" root.borrow_mut().children.push(child);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "fn main() {\n" " let mut raiz = Rc::new(RefCell::new(No {\n" @@ -8664,16 +7703,6 @@ msgstr "" " }));\n" " raiz.borrow_mut().filhos.push(filho);" -#: src/std/rc.md:62 -msgid "" -" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" println!(\"grafo: {raiz:#?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - #: src/modules.md:1 msgid "# Modules" msgstr "# Módulos" @@ -8693,48 +7722,27 @@ msgid "" " pub fn do_something() {\n" " println!(\"In the foo module\");\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"mod foo {\n" -" pub fn qualquer_coisa() {\n" -" println!(\"Qualquer coisa no módulo foo\");\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/modules.md:14 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "mod bar {\n" " pub fn do_something() {\n" " println!(\"In the bar module\");\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"mod bar {\n" -" pub fn qualquer_coisa() {\n" -" println!(\"Qualquer coisa no modulo bar\");\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/modules.md:20 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " foo::do_something();\n" " bar::do_something();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" foo::qualquer_coisa();\n" -" bar::qualquer_coisa();\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/modules.md:28 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates.\n" "* Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and a library crate compiles to a library.\n" -"* Modules define organization, scope, and is the focus of this section." +"* Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section." msgstr "" "* Pacotes (packages) forneces funcionalidades e incluem o arquivo `Cargo.toml` que descreve como gerar o pacote com um ou mais _crates_.\n" "* _Crates_ são arvores de módulos onde um _crate_ birário cria um executável e um _crate_ de biblioteca compila uma biblioteca.\n" @@ -8764,83 +7772,50 @@ msgid "" "mod outer {\n" " fn private() {\n" " println!(\"outer::private\");\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"mod exterior {\n" -" fn privado() {\n" -" println!(\"externo::privado\");\n" -" }" - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:16 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn public() {\n" " println!(\"outer::public\");\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" pub fn public() {\n" -" println!(\"externo::público\");\n" -" }" - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:20 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " mod inner {\n" " fn private() {\n" " println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" mod interior {\n" -" fn privado() {\n" -" println!(\"externo::interno::privado\");\n" -" }" - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:25 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn public() {\n" " println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n" " super::private();\n" " }\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" pub fn public() {\n" -" println!(\"externo::interno::público\");\n" -" super::privado();\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:32 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " outer::public();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" exterior::public();\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/modules/visibility.md:39 -msgid "* Use the `pub` keyword to make mods public." +#, fuzzy +msgid "* Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public." msgstr "* Use a palavra reservada `pub` para tornar um módulo público." #: src/modules/visibility.md:41 msgid "Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope of public visibility." -msgstr "Adicionamente, existem especificadores `pub(...)` avançados para restringir o\n" +msgstr "" +"Adicionamente, existem especificadores `pub(...)` avançados para restringir o\n" "escopo da visibilidade pública." #: src/modules/visibility.md:43 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"* See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-" -"pubself)).\n" +"* See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself).\n" "* Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern.\n" "* Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path.\n" "* In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of its descendants)." msgstr "" -"* Veja a [Referência Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-" -"pubself).\n" +"* Veja a [Referência Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself).\n" "* `pub(crate)` é a configuração padrão de visibilidade.\n" "* Menos comum, você pode dar visibilidade para um caminho específico.\n" "* Em todo caso, a visibilidade deve ser concedida ao módulo ancestral (e a todos os seus descendentes)." @@ -8854,17 +7829,12 @@ msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:" msgstr "Os caminhos são resolvidos da seguinte forma:" #: src/modules/paths.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "1. As a relative path:\n" " * `foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,\n" -" * `super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module." -msgstr "" -"1. Como caminho relativo:\n" -" * `foo` ou `self::foo` refere-se a `foo` no módulo atual,\n" -" * `super::foo` refere-se a `foo` no módulo pai." - -#: src/modules/paths.md:9 -msgid "" +" * `super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module.\n" +"\n" "2. As an absolute path:\n" " * `crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate,\n" " * `bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate." @@ -8873,6 +7843,23 @@ msgstr "" " * `crate::foo` refere-se a `foo` na raiz do _crate_ atual,\n" " * `bar::foo` refere-se a `foo` no _crate_ `bar`." +#: src/modules/paths.md:13 +msgid "" +"A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`.\n" +"You will typically see something like this at the top of each module:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/paths.md:16 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::collections::HashSet;\n" +"use std::mem::transmute;\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::collections::HashMap;" + #: src/modules/filesystem.md:1 msgid "# Filesystem Hierarchy" msgstr "# Hierarquia do sistema de arquivos" @@ -8927,6 +7914,60 @@ msgstr "" "* `src/lib.rs` (para um _crate_ de biblioteca)\n" "* `src/main.rs` (para um _crate_ binário)" +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:24 +msgid "" +"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc comments\".\n" +"These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a module." +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:27 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant germination\n" +"//! implementation.\n" +"\n" +"// Re-export types from this module.\n" +"pub use seeds::SeedPacket;\n" +"pub use garden::Garden;\n" +"\n" +"/// Sow the given seed packets.\n" +"pub fn sow(seeds: Vec) { todo!() }\n" +"\n" +"/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n" +"pub fn harvest(garden: &mut Garden) { todo!() }\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:44 +msgid "" +"* The change from `module/mod.rs` to `module.rs` doesn't preclude the use of submodules in Rust 2018.\n" +" (It was mandatory in Rust 2015.)\n" +"\n" +" The following is valid:\n" +"\n" +" ```ignore\n" +" src/\n" +" ├── main.rs\n" +" ├── top_module.rs\n" +" └── top_module/\n" +" └── sub_module.rs\n" +" ```\n" +"\n" +"* The main reason for the change is to prevent many files named `mod.rs`, which can be hard\n" +" to distinguish in IDEs.\n" +"\n" +"* Rust will look for modules in `modulename/mod.rs` and `modulename.rs`, but this can be changed\n" +" with a compiler directive:\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,ignore\n" +" #[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n" +" mod some_module { }\n" +" ```\n" +"\n" +" This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module in a file named\n" +" `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go." +msgstr "" + #: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:1 msgid "# Day 2: Afternoon Exercises" msgstr "# Dia 2: Exercícios da Tarde" @@ -8950,32 +7991,19 @@ msgstr "" "seguinte para validar o número do cartão de crédito:" #: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:7 -msgid "* Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits." -msgstr "* Ignora todos os espaços. Rejeita números com menos de dois dígitos." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:9 msgid "" +"* Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits.\n" +"\n" "* Moving from right to left, double every second digit: for the number `1234`,\n" -" we double `3` and `1`." -msgstr "" -"* Movendo-se da direita para a esquerda, dobra cada segundo dígito: para o número `1234`,\n" -" dobra os números `3` e `1`." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:12 -msgid "" +" we double `3` and `1`.\n" +"\n" "* After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` which\n" -" becomes `5`." +" becomes `5`.\n" +"\n" +"* Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits.\n" +"\n" +"* The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`." msgstr "" -"* Depois de dobrar um dígito, soma os dígitos. Assim, duplicar `7` resulta em `14` que\n" -" resulta em `5`." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:15 -msgid "* Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits." -msgstr "* Soma todos os dígitos não duplicados e duplicados." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:17 -msgid "* The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`." -msgstr "* O número do cartão de crédito é válido se a soma terminar em `0`." #: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:19 msgid "" @@ -8985,101 +8013,57 @@ msgstr "" "Copie o seguinte código para e implemente a\n" "função:" -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:27 +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:23 msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"pub fn luhn(numero_cc: &str) -> bool {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:31 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_numero_cc_nao_numerico() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:36 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:64 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_numero_cc_vazio() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:44 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:72 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_numero_cc_um_numero() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:49 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:77 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_numero_cc_dois_numeros() {\n" -" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:54 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:82 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" " assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" " assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_numero_cc_valido() {\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:61 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" -"}" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[allow(dead_code)]\n" +"fn main() {}\n" +"```" msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_numero_cc_invalido() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" -"}" #: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:1 msgid "# Strings and Iterators" @@ -9105,44 +8089,27 @@ msgstr "" "Copie o seguinte código para e faça os testes\n" "passarem. Tente evitar alocar um `Vec` para seus resultados intermediários:" -#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:16 +#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:12 msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"pub fn correspondencia_prefixo(prefixo: &str, caminho_requisitado: &str) -> bool {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:20 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));" -msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_correspondencia_sem_curinga() {\n" -" assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/autores\"));\n" -" assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/autores/abc-123\"));\n" -" assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/autores/abc/livros\"));" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:26 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:146 -msgid "" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));\n" +"\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/publishers\"));\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1\"));\n" -" assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/autoresLivros\"));\n" -" assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/parent/autores\"));\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:31 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:151 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" @@ -9156,25 +8123,8 @@ msgid "" " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" -" ));" -msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_correspondencia_com_curinga() {\n" -" assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\n" -" \"/v1/autores/*/livros\",\n" -" \"/v1/autores/foo/livros\"\n" " ));\n" -" assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\n" -" \"/v1/autores/*/livros\",\n" -" \"/v1/autores/bar/livros\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\n" -" \"/v1/autores/*/livros\",\n" -" \"/v1/autores/foo/livros/livro1\"\n" -" ));" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:46 -msgid "" +"\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" @@ -9183,13 +8133,6 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores/*/livros\", \"/v1/autores\"));\n" -" assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\n" -" \"/v1/autores/*/livros\",\n" -" \"/v1/autores/foo/livrosPorAutor\"\n" -" ));\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/welcome-day-3.md:1 msgid "# Welcome to Day 3" @@ -9202,32 +8145,174 @@ msgstr "Hoje, abordaremos alguns tópicos mais avançados em Rust:" #: src/welcome-day-3.md:5 msgid "" "* Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library\n" -" traits." -msgstr "" -"* Traits (Características): Traits derivadas, métodos padrão e Traits importantes da biblioteca padrão." - -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:8 -msgid "" +" traits.\n" +"\n" "* Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and trait\n" -" objects." -msgstr "" -"* Generics (Genéricos): tipos de dados genéricos, métodos genéricos, monomorfização e trait\n" -" objetos." - -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:11 -msgid "* Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`." -msgstr "* Tratamento de erros: pânico (_panics_), `Result` e o operador _try_ `?`." - -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:13 -msgid "* Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests." -msgstr "* Testes: testes unitários, testes de documentação e testes de integração." - -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:15 -msgid "" +" objects.\n" +"\n" +"* Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`.\n" +"\n" +"* Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests.\n" +"\n" "* Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern\n" " functions." msgstr "" -"* Rust inseguro (unsafe): ponteiros brutos, variáveis estáticas, funções inseguras e funções externas." + +#: src/generics.md:1 +msgid "# Generics" +msgstr "# Generics (Genéricos)" + +#: src/generics.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust support generics, which lets you abstract an algorithm (such as sorting)\n" +"over the types used in the algorithm." +msgstr "" +"Rust oferece suporte a tipos genéricos, que permitem a um algoritmo (como classificação, por exemplo),\n" +"abstrair os tipos de dados usados no algoritmo." + +#: src/generics/data-types.md:1 +msgid "# Generic Data Types" +msgstr "# Tipos de dados genéricos" + +#: src/generics/data-types.md:3 +msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:" +msgstr "Você pode usar tipos genéricos para abstrair o tipo concreto do campo:" + +#: src/generics/data-types.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Point {\n" +" x: T,\n" +" y: T,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n" +" let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n" +" println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let inteiro = Ponto { x: 5, y: 10 };\n" +" let real = Ponto { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n" +" println!(\"{inteiro:?} e {real:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/generics/data-types.md:21 +msgid "" +"* Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`.\n" +"\n" +"* Fix the code to allow points that have elements of different types." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/methods.md:1 +msgid "# Generic Methods" +msgstr "# Métodos Genéricos" + +#: src/generics/methods.md:3 +msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:" +msgstr "Você pode declarar um tipo genérico em seu bloco `impl`:" + +#: src/generics/methods.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Point(T, T);\n" +"\n" +"impl Point {\n" +" fn x(&self) -> &T {\n" +" &self.0 // + 10\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p = Point(5, 10);\n" +" println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/methods.md:25 +msgid "" +"* *Q:* Why `T` is specified twice in `impl Point {}`? Isn't that redundant?\n" +" * This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. They are independently generic.\n" +" * It means these methods are defined for any `T`.\n" +" * It is possible to write `impl Point { .. }`. \n" +" * `Point` is still generic and you can use `Point`, but methods in this block will only be available for `Point`." +msgstr "" +"* *Pergunta:* Por que `T` é especificado duas vezes em `impl Ponto {}`? Isso não é redundante?\n" +" * Isso ocorre porque é uma seção de implementação genérica para tipo genérico. Eles são genéricos de forma independente.\n" +" * Significa que esses métodos são definidos para qualquer `T`.\n" +" * É possível escrever `Impl Ponto { .. }`.\n" +" * `Ponto` ainda é genérico e você pode usar `Ponto`, mas os métodos neste bloco só estarão disponíveis para `Ponto`." + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:1 +msgid "# Monomorphization" +msgstr "# Monomorfização" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:3 +msgid "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:" +msgstr "O código _genérico_ é transformado em código _não genérico_ de acordo com os tipos usados:" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let integer = Some(5);\n" +" let float = Some(5.0);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let inteiro = Some(5);\n" +" let real = Some(5.0);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:12 +msgid "behaves as if you wrote" +msgstr "se comporta como se você tivesse escrito" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:14 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"enum Option_i32 {\n" +" Some(i32),\n" +" None,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"enum Option_f64 {\n" +" Some(f64),\n" +" None,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let integer = Option_i32::Some(5);\n" +" let float = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let inteiro = Option_i32::Some(5);\n" +" let real = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:31 +msgid "" +"This is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you had\n" +"hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction." +msgstr "" +"Esta é uma abstração de custo zero: você obtém exatamente o mesmo resultado como se tivesse\n" +"codificado manualmente as estruturas de dados sem utilizar a abstração." #: src/traits.md:1 msgid "# Traits" @@ -9240,118 +8325,169 @@ msgstr "Rust permite abstrair características dos tipos usando `trait`. Eles s #: src/traits.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" -"trait Greet {\n" -" fn say_hello(&self);\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"trait Saudar {\n" -" fn diz_ola(&self);\n" -"}" - -#: src/traits.md:10 -msgid "" +"trait Pet {\n" +" fn name(&self) -> String;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" "struct Dog {\n" " name: String,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"struct Cachorro {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -"}" - -#: src/traits.md:14 -msgid "struct Cat; // No name, cats won't respond to it anyway." -msgstr "struct Gato; // Sem nome, os gatos não vão responder de qualquer maneira." - -#: src/traits.md:16 -msgid "" -"impl Greet for Dog {\n" -" fn say_hello(&self) {\n" -" println!(\"Wuf, my name is {}!\", self.name);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Cat;\n" +"\n" +"impl Pet for Dog {\n" +" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" +" self.name.clone()\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Saudar for Cachorro {\n" -" fn diz_ola(&self) {\n" -" println!(\"Wuf, meu nome é {}!\", self.nome);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Pet for Cat {\n" +" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" +" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it anyway.\n" " }\n" -"}" - -#: src/traits.md:22 -msgid "" -"impl Greet for Cat {\n" -" fn say_hello(&self) {\n" -" println!(\"Miau!\");\n" -" }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Saudar for Gato {\n" -" fn diz_ola(&self) {\n" -" println!(\"Miau!\");\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/traits.md:28 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn greet(pet: &P) {\n" +" println!(\"Who's a cutie? {} is!\", pet.name());\n" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" -" let pets: Vec> = vec![\n" -" Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n" +" let fido = Dog { name: \"Fido\".into() };\n" +" greet(&fido);\n" +"\n" +" let captain_floof = Cat;\n" +" greet(&captain_floof);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:1 +msgid "# Trait Objects" +msgstr "# Objetos `trait`" + +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:3 +msgid "Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a collection:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"trait Pet {\n" +" fn name(&self) -> String;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Dog {\n" +" name: String,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Cat;\n" +"\n" +"impl Pet for Dog {\n" +" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" +" self.name.clone()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Pet for Cat {\n" +" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" +" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it anyway.\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let pets: Vec> = vec![\n" " Box::new(Cat),\n" +" Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n" " ];\n" " for pet in pets {\n" -" pet.say_hello();\n" +" println!(\"Hello {}!\", pet.name());\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let pets: Vec> = vec![\n" -" Box::new(Cachorro{ nome: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n" -" Box::new(Gato),\n" -" ];\n" -" for pet in pets {\n" -" pet.diz_ola();\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" + +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:40 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:" +msgstr "Layout da memória após alocar `xs`:" + +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:42 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": pets : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o | :\n" +": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-+ :\n" +": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | +---------------+ :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| name: \"Fido\" | :\n" +": : : | | | +---------------+ :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | | :\n" +" : | | | +----------------------+ : \n" +" : | | '---->| \"::name\" | :\n" +" : | | +----------------------+ : \n" +" : | | : \n" +" : | | +-+ : \n" +" : | '-->|\\| : \n" +" : | +-+ : \n" +" : | : \n" +" : | +----------------------+ : \n" +" : '---->| \"::name\" | : \n" +" : +----------------------+ :\n" +" : :\n" +" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": xs : : :\n" +": +------------+-------+ : : +-----+-----+ :\n" +": | ponteir | o---+--+-----+-->| o o | o o | :\n" +": | tamanho | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-+ :\n" +": | capacidade | 2 | : : | | | | +----+----+----+ :\n" +": +------------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| O | l | á | :\n" +": : : | | | +----+----+----+ :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | | :\n" +" : | | | +-------------------------+ :\n" +" : | | '---->|\"::fmt\"| :\n" +" : | | +-------------------------+ :\n" +" : | | :\n" +" : | | +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +" : | '-->| 7b | 00 | 00 | 00 | :\n" +" : | +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +" : | :\n" +" : | +-------------------------+ :\n" +" : '---->|\"::fmt\"| :\n" +" : +-------------------------+ :\n" +" : :\n" +" : :\n" +" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" -#: src/traits.md:41 +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:72 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"* Traits may specify pre-implemented (default) methods and methods that users are required to implement themselves. Methods " -"with default implementations can rely on required methods.\n" -"* Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it impossible to have things like `Vec` " -"in the example above.\n" -"* `dyn Greet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that implements `Greet`.\n" -"* In the example, `pets` holds Fat Pointers to objects that implement `Greet`. The Fat Pointer consists of two components, " -"a pointer to the actual object and a pointer to the virtual method table for the `Greet` implementation of that particular " -"object." +"* Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it impossible to have things like `Vec` in the example above.\n" +"* `dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that implements `Pet`.\n" +"* In the example, `pets` holds *fat pointers* to objects that implement `Pet`. The fat pointer consists of two components, a pointer to the actual object and a pointer to the virtual method table for the `Pet` implementation of that particular object.\n" +"* Compare these outputs in the above example:\n" +" ```rust,ignore\n" +" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::(), std::mem::size_of::());\n" +" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::<&Cat>());\n" +" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n" +" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::>());\n" +" ```" msgstr "" -"* _Traits_ podem especificar métodos pré-implementados (padrão) e métodos que os usuários devem implementar por conta " -"própria. Os métodos com implementações padrão podem contar com os métodos necessários.\n" -"* Os tipos que implementam uma determinada característica podem ser de tamanhos diferentes. Isso torna impossível ter " -"coisas como `Vec` no exemplo acima.\n" +"* _Traits_ podem especificar métodos pré-implementados (padrão) e métodos que os usuários devem implementar por conta própria. Os métodos com implementações padrão podem contar com os métodos necessários.\n" +"* Os tipos que implementam uma determinada característica podem ser de tamanhos diferentes. Isso torna impossível ter coisas como `Vec` no exemplo acima.\n" "* `dyn Greet` é uma maneira de dizer ao compilador sobre um tipo de tamanho dinâmico que implementa `Greet`.\n" -"* No exemplo, `pets` mantém _Fat Pointers_ para objetos que implementam `Greet`. O _Fat Pointer_ consiste em dois componentes, " -"um ponteiro para o objeto real e um ponteiro para a tabela de métodos virtuais para a implementação de `Greet` desse objeto em " -"particular." - -#: src/traits.md:46 -msgid "" -"Compare these outputs in the above example:\n" -"```rust,ignore\n" -" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::(), std::mem::size_of::());\n" -" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::<&Cat>());\n" -" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Greet>());\n" -" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::>());\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"Compare essas saídas no exemplo acima:\n" -"```rust, ignore\n" -" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::(), std::mem::size_of::());\n" -" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::<&Cat>());\n" -" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Greet>());\n" -" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::>());\n" -"```" +"* No exemplo, `pets` mantém _Fat Pointers_ para objetos que implementam `Greet`. O _Fat Pointer_ consiste em dois componentes, um ponteiro para o objeto real e um ponteiro para a tabela de métodos virtuais para a implementação de `Greet` desse objeto em particular." #: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:1 msgid "# Deriving Traits" @@ -9362,6 +8498,7 @@ msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits:" msgstr "Você pode deixar o compilador derivar uma série de traits:" #: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n" @@ -9369,18 +8506,8 @@ msgid "" " name: String,\n" " strength: u8,\n" " hit_points: u8,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n" -"struct Jogador {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" forca: u8,\n" -" pontos_vida: u8,\n" -"}" - -#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:13 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1 = Player::default();\n" " let p2 = p1.clone();\n" @@ -9413,40 +8540,17 @@ msgid "" " fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" " !self.equal(other)\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"trait Iguais {\n" -" fn igual(&self, outro: &Self) -> bool;\n" -" fn diferente(&self, outro: &Self) -> bool {\n" -" !self.igual(outro)\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:13 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Centimeter(i16);" -msgstr "" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Centimetro(i16);" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:16 -msgid "" +"struct Centimeter(i16);\n" +"\n" "impl Equals for Centimeter {\n" " fn equal(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n" " self.0 == other.0\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Iguais for Centimetro {\n" -" fn igual(&self, outro: &Centimetro) -> bool {\n" -" self.0 == outro.0\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:22 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let a = Centimeter(10);\n" " let b = Centimeter(20);\n" @@ -9455,13 +8559,195 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:32 +msgid "" +"* Traits may specify pre-implemented (default) methods and methods that users are required to\n" +" implement themselves. Methods with default implementations can rely on required methods.\n" +"\n" +"* Move method `not_equal` to a new trait `NotEqual`.\n" +"\n" +"* Make `NotEqual` a super trait for `Equal`.\n" +" ```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +" trait NotEqual: Equals {\n" +" fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" +" !self.equal(other)\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" ```\n" +"\n" +"* Provide a blanket implementation of `NotEqual` for `Equal`.\n" +" ```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +" trait NotEqual {\n" +" fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" impl NotEqual for T where T: Equals {\n" +" fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" +" !self.equal(other)\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" ```\n" +" * With the blanket implementation, you no longer need `NotEqual` as a super trait for `Equal`.\n" +" " +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:1 +msgid "# Trait Bounds" +msgstr "# Limites de traits" + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:3 +msgid "" +"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement\n" +"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods." +msgstr "" +"Ao trabalhar com genéricos, muitas vezes você exigir que os tipos implementem algum `trait`\n" +" para poder utilizar os métodos do `trait`." + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:6 +msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:" +msgstr "Você consegue fazer isso com `T:Trait` ou `impl Trait`:" + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n" +" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Syntactic sugar for:\n" +"// fn add_42_millions>(x: T) -> i32 {\n" +"fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into) -> i32 {\n" +" x.into() + 42_000_000\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// struct NotClonable;\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" -" let a = Centimetro(10);\n" -" let b = Centimetro(20);\n" -" println!(\"{a:?} é igual a {b:?}: {}\", a.igual(&b));\n" -" println!(\"{a:?} é diferente de {b:?}: {}\", a.diferente(&b));\n" +" let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n" +" let pair = duplicate(foo);\n" +" println!(\"{pair:?}\");\n" +"\n" +" let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n" +" println!(\"{many}\");\n" +" let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n" +" println!(\"{many_more}\");\n" "}\n" "```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:35 +msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:37 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T)\n" +"where\n" +" T: Clone,\n" +"{\n" +" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn duplicar(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n" +" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" +"}" + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:46 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"* It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters.\n" +"* It has additional features making it more powerful.\n" +" * If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can be arbitrary, like `Option`.\n" +" " +msgstr "" +"* Organiza a assinatura da função se você tiver muitos parâmetros.\n" +"* Possui recursos adicionais tornando-o mais poderoso.\n" +" * Se alguém perguntar, o recurso extra é que o tipo à esquerda de \":\" pode ser arbitrário, como `Option`.\n" +" \n" +"
" + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:1 +msgid "# `impl Trait`" +msgstr "# Trait `impl`" + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:3 +msgid "" +"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function\n" +"arguments and return values:" +msgstr "" +"Semelhante aos limites do _trait_, a sintaxe do _trait_ `impl` pode ser usada em argumentos de funções\n" +"e em valores de retorno:" + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::fmt::Display;\n" +"\n" +"fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n" +" format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n" +" println!(\"{x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:19 +#, fuzzy +msgid "* `impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name." +msgstr "" +"* `impl Trait` não pode ser usado com a sintaxe turbo fish `::<>`.\n" +"* `impl Trait` permite que você trabalhe com tipos que você não pode nomear." + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:23 +msgid "The meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions." +msgstr "O significado do _trait_ `impl` é um pouco difere de acordo com sua posição." + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:25 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"* For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a trait bound.\n" +"\n" +"* For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that implements the trait,\n" +" without naming the type. This can be useful when you don't want to expose the concrete type in a\n" +" public API.\n" +"\n" +" Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` picks\n" +" the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A function\n" +" returning a generic type like `collect() -> B` can return any type\n" +" satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with `let x:\n" +" Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::>()`." +msgstr "" +"* Como parâmetro, o _trait_ `impl` é como um parâmetro genérico anônimo com um limitador de características (trait).\n" +"* Como tipo de retorno, significa que o tipo de retorno é algum tipo concreto que implementa o _trait_,\n" +" sem namear o tipo. Isso pode ser útil quando você não deseja expor o tipo concreto em uma\n" +" API pública." + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:37 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to explain that\n" +"nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` type. If we used a single \n" +"`T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type.\n" +"It would not work for this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely not\n" +"what `format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` syntax, we'd need two\n" +"independent generic parameters." +msgstr "" +"Este exemplo é ótimo, porque usa `impl Display` duas vezes. Isso ajuda a explicar\n" +"que nada impõe que, nos dois usos, `impl Display` seja _do mesmo_ tipo. Se usássemos um único\n" +"`T: Display`, imporia a restrição de que o tipo `T` de entrada e o tipo `T` de retorno são do mesmo tipo.\n" +"Isso não funcionaria para esta função específica, pois o tipo que esperamos como entrada provavelmente não é\n" +"o que `format!` retorna. Se quiséssemos fazer o mesmo através da sintaxe `: Display`, precisaríamos de dois\n" +"parâmetros genéricos independentes.\n" +" \n" +"" #: src/traits/important-traits.md:1 msgid "# Important Traits" @@ -9487,20 +8773,6 @@ msgstr "" "* [`Drop`][9] usado para definir destrutores e\n" "* [`Default`][10] usado para construir uma instância padrão para um tipo." -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:12 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html\n" -"[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n" -"[4]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html\n" -"[5]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html\n" -"[6]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html\n" -"[7]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html\n" -"[8]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html\n" -"[9]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html\n" -"[10]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html" -msgstr "" - #: src/traits/iterator.md:1 msgid "# Iterators" msgstr "# Iteradores" @@ -9515,28 +8787,19 @@ msgid "" "struct Fibonacci {\n" " curr: u32,\n" " next: u32,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/iterator.md:11 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Iterator for Fibonacci {\n" -" type Item = u32;" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/iterator.md:14 -msgid "" +" type Item = u32;\n" +"\n" " fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" " let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n" " self.curr = self.next;\n" " self.next = new_next;\n" " Some(self.curr)\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/iterator.md:22 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n" " for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n" @@ -9548,26 +8811,16 @@ msgstr "" #: src/traits/iterator.md:32 msgid "" -"* `IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by collection types such as\n" -" `Vec` and references to them such as `&Vec` and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it.\n" "* The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming operations over collections \n" " (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is the trait where you can find all the documentation\n" " about them. In Rust these functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative\n" " implementations.\n" " \n" -"" +"* `IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by collection types such as\n" +" `Vec` and references to them such as `&Vec` and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it. This is why\n" +" you can iterate over a vector with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but\n" +" `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist." msgstr "" -"* `IntoIterator` é o recurso que faz com que os laços funcionem. É implementado por tipos de coleção, como\n" -" `Vec` e referências a eles, como `&Vec` e `&[T]`. Os intervalos também o implementam.\n" -"* O _trait_ `Iterator` implementa muitas operações de programação funcional comuns sobre coleções\n" -" (por exemplo, `mapa`, `filtro`, `redução`, etc). Este é o _trait_ onde você pode encontrar toda a documentação\n" -" sobre eles. Em Rust, essas funções devem produzir o código tão eficiente quanto a implementação imperativa equivalente.\n" -" \n" -"" - -#: src/traits/iterator.md:41 -msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html" -msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html" #: src/traits/from-iterator.md:1 msgid "# FromIterator" @@ -9612,14 +8865,6 @@ msgstr "" "Também existem implementações que permitem fazer coisas legais como converter um\n" "`Iterator>` em um `Result, E>`." -#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:28 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html" - #: src/traits/from-into.md:1 msgid "# `From` and `Into`" msgstr "# `From` e `Into`" @@ -9676,34 +8921,22 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/traits/from-into.md:27 +#: src/traits/from-into.md:29 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"
\n" -" \n" "* That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get `Into` implementation too.\n" -"* When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be converted into a `String`\", the rule is " -"opposite, you should use `Into`.\n" +"* When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`.\n" " Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ implement `Into`.\n" -" \n" -"
" +" " msgstr "" "
\n" " \n" "* É por isso que é comum implementar apenas `From`, já que seu tipo também receberá a implementação de `Into`.\n" -"* Ao declarar um tipo de entrada de argumento de função como \"qualquer coisa que possa ser convertida em `String`\", a " -"regra é oposta, você deve usar `Into`.\n" +"* Ao declarar um tipo de entrada de argumento de função como \"qualquer coisa que possa ser convertida em `String`\", a regra é oposta, você deve usar `Into`.\n" " Sua função aceitará tipos que implementam `From` e aqueles que _apenas_ implementam `Into`.\n" " \n" "
" -#: src/traits/from-into.md:35 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html" - #: src/traits/read-write.md:1 msgid "# `Read` and `Write`" msgstr "# `Read` e `Write`" @@ -9715,67 +8948,39 @@ msgstr "Usando `Read` e `BufRead`, você pode abstrair a leitura de conteúdos d #: src/traits/read-write.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" -"use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/read-write.md:8 -msgid "" +"use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};\n" +"\n" "fn count_lines(reader: R) -> usize {\n" " let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n" " buf_reader.lines().count()\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn contar_linhas(reader: R) -> usize {\n" -" let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n" -" buf_reader.lines().count()\n" -"}" - -#: src/traits/read-write.md:13 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" " let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n" -" println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));" -msgstr "" -"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" -" let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n" -" println!(\"linhas na slice: {}\", contar_linhas(slice));" - -#: src/traits/read-write.md:17 -msgid "" +" println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));\n" +"\n" " let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n" " println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n" " Ok(())\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n" -" println!(\"linhas no arquivo: {}\", contar_linhas(file));\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/traits/read-write.md:23 msgid "Similarly, [`Write`][3] lets you abstract over `u8` sinks:" msgstr "Da mesma forma, `Write` permite abstrair a escrita de dados do tipo `u8`:" #: src/traits/read-write.md:25 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" -"use std::io::{Result, Write};" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"use std::io::{Result, Write};" - -#: src/traits/read-write.md:28 -msgid "" +"use std::io::{Result, Write};\n" +"\n" "fn log(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n" " writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n" " writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n" -"}" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/read-write.md:33 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" " let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n" " log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n" @@ -9794,100 +8999,6 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/traits/read-write.md:42 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html\n" -"[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html\n" -"[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html" - -#: src/traits/operators.md:1 -msgid "# `Add`, `Mul`, ..." -msgstr "# `Add`, `Mul`, ..." - -#: src/traits/operators.md:3 -msgid "Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`][1]:" -msgstr "A sobrecarga de operadores é implementada por meio do `trait` contido em [`std::ops`][1]:" - -#: src/traits/operators.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n" -"struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n" -"struct Ponto { x: i32, y: i32 }" - -#: src/traits/operators.md:9 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:46 -msgid "" -"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n" -" type Output = Self;" -msgstr "" -"impl std::ops::Add for Ponto {\n" -" type Output = Self;" - -#: src/traits/operators.md:12 -msgid "" -" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n" -" Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n" -" }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n" -" Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/traits/operators.md:17 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n" -" let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n" -" println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Ponto { x: 10, y: 20 };\n" -" let p2 = Ponto { x: 100, y: 200 };\n" -" println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/operators.md:26 src/traits/drop.md:34 -msgid "Discussion points:" -msgstr "Pontos de discussão:" - -#: src/traits/operators.md:28 -msgid "" -"* You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful? \n" -" * Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are\n" -" overloading the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading\n" -" the operator for `&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the\n" -" call site.\n" -"* Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter?\n" -" * Short answer: Type parameters are controlled by the caller, but\n" -" associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementor of a\n" -" trait." -msgstr "" -"* Você pode implementar `Add` para `&Ponto`. Em quais situações isso é útil?\n" -" * Resposta: `Add:add` consome `self`. Se digitar `T` para o qual você está\n" -" sobrecarregando o operador não implementa `Copy`, você deve considerar sobrecarregar\n" -" o operador para `&T` também. Isso evita a clonagem desnecessária no\n" -" local da chamada.\n" -"* Por que `Output` é um tipo associado? Poderia ser feito um parâmetro de tipo?\n" -" * Resposta curta: os parâmetros de tipo são controlados pelo chamador, mas\n" -" tipos associados (como `Output`) são controlados pelo implementador do\n" -" `trait`." - -#: src/traits/operators.md:40 -msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html" -msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html" - #: src/traits/drop.md:1 msgid "# The `Drop` Trait" msgstr "# O Trait `Drop`" @@ -9897,33 +9008,19 @@ msgid "Values which implement [`Drop`][1] can specify code to run when they go o msgstr "Valores que implementam [`Drop`][1] podem especificar o código a ser executado quando saem do escopo:" #: src/traits/drop.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "struct Droppable {\n" " name: &'static str,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Excluivel {\n" -" nome: &'static str,\n" -"}" - -#: src/traits/drop.md:10 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Drop for Droppable {\n" " fn drop(&mut self) {\n" " println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Drop for Excluivel {\n" -" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" -" println!(\"Executando 'Drop' {}\", self.nome);\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/traits/drop.md:16 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n" " {\n" @@ -9956,9 +9053,14 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" +#: src/traits/drop.md:34 src/traits/operators.md:26 +msgid "Discussion points:" +msgstr "Pontos de discussão:" + #: src/traits/drop.md:36 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"* Why does not `Drop::drop` take `self`?\n" +"* Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?\n" " * Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of\n" " the block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack\n" " overflow!\n" @@ -9969,10 +9071,6 @@ msgstr "" " bloco, resultando em outra chamada para `Drop::drop` ocasionando um estouro de pilha.\n" "* Tente substituir `drop(a)` por `a.drop()`." -#: src/traits/drop.md:44 -msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html" -msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html" - #: src/traits/default.md:1 msgid "# The `Default` Trait" msgstr "# O Trait `Default`" @@ -9989,71 +9087,33 @@ msgid "" " x: u32,\n" " y: String,\n" " z: Implemented,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" -"struct Derivado {\n" -" x: u32,\n" -" y: String,\n" -" z: Implementado,\n" -"}" - -#: src/traits/default.md:13 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Implemented(String);" -msgstr "" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Implementado(String);" - -#: src/traits/default.md:16 -msgid "" +"struct Implemented(String);\n" +"\n" "impl Default for Implemented {\n" " fn default() -> Self {\n" " Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Default for Implementado {\n" -" fn default() -> Self {\n" -" Self(\"Fulano de tal\".into())\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/traits/default.md:22 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let default_struct: Derived = Default::default();\n" -" println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let estrutura_default: Derivado = Default::default();\n" -" println!(\"{estrutura_default:#?}\");" - -#: src/traits/default.md:26 -msgid "" +" println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");\n" +"\n" " let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n" " y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n" " ..Default::default()\n" " };\n" -" println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");" -msgstr "" -" let estrutura_quase_default = Derivado {\n" -" y: \"Y é atribuído!\".into(),\n" -" ..Default::default()\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"{estrutura_quase_default:#?}\");" - -#: src/traits/default.md:32 -msgid "" +" println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");\n" +"\n" " let nothing: Option = None;\n" " println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n" -"}" +"}\n" +"\n" +"```" msgstr "" -" let nada: Option = None;\n" -" println!(\"{:#?}\", nada.unwrap_or_default());\n" -"}" #: src/traits/default.md:40 msgid "" @@ -10073,336 +9133,63 @@ msgstr "" " * A bilioteca padrão do Rust sabe que tipos podem implementar o `trait` `Default` e, convenientemente,\n" " provê métodos para isso." -#: src/traits/default.md:49 -msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html" -msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html" +#: src/traits/operators.md:1 +msgid "# `Add`, `Mul`, ..." +msgstr "# `Add`, `Mul`, ..." -#: src/generics.md:1 -msgid "# Generics" -msgstr "# Generics (Genéricos)" +#: src/traits/operators.md:3 +msgid "Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`][1]:" +msgstr "A sobrecarga de operadores é implementada por meio do `trait` contido em [`std::ops`][1]:" -#: src/generics.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust support generics, which lets you abstract an algorithm (such as sorting)\n" -"over the types used in the algorithm." -msgstr "" -"Rust oferece suporte a tipos genéricos, que permitem a um algoritmo (como classificação, por exemplo),\n" -"abstrair os tipos de dados usados no algoritmo." - -#: src/generics/data-types.md:1 -msgid "# Generic Data Types" -msgstr "# Tipos de dados genéricos" - -#: src/generics/data-types.md:3 -msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:" -msgstr "Você pode usar tipos genéricos para abstrair o tipo concreto do campo:" - -#: src/generics/data-types.md:5 +#: src/traits/operators.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point {\n" -" x: T,\n" -" y: T,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Ponto {\n" -" x: T,\n" -" y: T,\n" -"}" - -#: src/generics/data-types.md:12 -msgid "" +"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n" +"struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }\n" +"\n" +"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n" +" type Output = Self;\n" +"\n" +" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n" +" Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" -" let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n" -" let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n" -" println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n" +" let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n" +" let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n" +" println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let inteiro = Ponto { x: 5, y: 10 };\n" -" let real = Ponto { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n" -" println!(\"{inteiro:?} e {real:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/generics/methods.md:1 -msgid "# Generic Methods" -msgstr "# Métodos Genéricos" - -#: src/generics/methods.md:3 -msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:" -msgstr "Você pode declarar um tipo genérico em seu bloco `impl`:" - -#: src/generics/methods.md:5 +#: src/traits/operators.md:28 msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(T, T);" +"* You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful? \n" +" * Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are\n" +" overloading the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading\n" +" the operator for `&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the\n" +" call site.\n" +"* Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter?\n" +" * Short answer: Type parameters are controlled by the caller, but\n" +" associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementor of a\n" +" trait." msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Ponto(T, T);" +"* Você pode implementar `Add` para `&Ponto`. Em quais situações isso é útil?\n" +" * Resposta: `Add:add` consome `self`. Se digitar `T` para o qual você está\n" +" sobrecarregando o operador não implementa `Copy`, você deve considerar sobrecarregar\n" +" o operador para `&T` também. Isso evita a clonagem desnecessária no\n" +" local da chamada.\n" +"* Por que `Output` é um tipo associado? Poderia ser feito um parâmetro de tipo?\n" +" * Resposta curta: os parâmetros de tipo são controlados pelo chamador, mas\n" +" tipos associados (como `Output`) são controlados pelo implementador do\n" +" `trait`." -#: src/generics/methods.md:9 -msgid "" -"impl Point {\n" -" fn x(&self) -> &T {\n" -" &self.0 // + 10\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"impl Ponto {\n" -" fn x(&self) -> &T {\n" -" &self.0 // + 10\n" -" }" - -#: src/generics/methods.md:14 -msgid "" -" // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n" -"}" - -#: src/generics/methods.md:17 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p = Point(5, 10);\n" -" println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p = Ponto(5, 10);\n" -" println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/generics/methods.md:25 -msgid "" -"* *Q:* Why `T` is specified twice in `impl Point {}`? Isn't that redundant?\n" -" * This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. They are independently generic.\n" -" * It means these methods are defined for any `T`.\n" -" * It is possible to write `impl Point { .. }`. \n" -" * `Point` is still generic and you can use `Point`, but methods in this block will only be available for " -"`Point`." -msgstr "" -"* *Pergunta:* Por que `T` é especificado duas vezes em `impl Ponto {}`? Isso não é redundante?\n" -" * Isso ocorre porque é uma seção de implementação genérica para tipo genérico. Eles são genéricos de forma " -"independente.\n" -" * Significa que esses métodos são definidos para qualquer `T`.\n" -" * É possível escrever `Impl Ponto { .. }`.\n" -" * `Ponto` ainda é genérico e você pode usar `Ponto`, mas os métodos neste bloco só estarão disponíveis para " -"`Ponto`." - -#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:1 -msgid "# Trait Bounds" -msgstr "# Limites de traits" - -#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:3 -msgid "" -"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement\n" -"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods." -msgstr "" -"Ao trabalhar com genéricos, muitas vezes você exigir que os tipos implementem algum `trait`\n" -" para poder utilizar os métodos do `trait`." - -#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:6 -msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:" -msgstr "Você consegue fazer isso com `T:Trait` ou `impl Trait`:" - -#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n" -" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn duplicar(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n" -" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" -"}" - -#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:13 -msgid "" -"// Syntactic sugar for:\n" -"// fn add_42_millions>(x: T) -> i32 {\n" -"fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into) -> i32 {\n" -" x.into() + 42_000_000\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"// Açucar sintático para:\n" -"// fn somar_42_milhoes>(x: T) -> i32 {\n" -"fn somar_42_milhoes(x: impl Into) -> i32 {\n" -" x.into() + 42_000_000\n" -"}" - -#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:19 -msgid "// struct NotClonable;" -msgstr "// struct NotClonable;" - -#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:21 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n" -" let pair = duplicate(foo);\n" -" println!(\"{pair:?}\");" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n" -" let par = duplicar(foo);\n" -" println!(\"{par:?}\");" - -#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:26 -msgid "" -" let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n" -" println!(\"{many}\");\n" -" let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n" -" println!(\"{many_more}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" let muito = somar_42_milhoes(42_i8);\n" -" println!(\"{muito}\");\n" -" let muito_mais = somar_42_milhoes(10_000_000);\n" -" println!(\"{muito_mais}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:35 -msgid "" -"Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code.\n" -" \n" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T)\n" -"where\n" -" T: Clone,\n" -"{\n" -" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"Mostre uma cláusula `where`, os alunos a encontrarão ao ler o código.\n" -" \n" -"```rust, ignore\n" -"fn duplicar(a: T) -> (T, T)\n" -"where\n" -" T: Clone,\n" -"{\n" -" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:46 -msgid "" -"* It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters.\n" -"* It has additional features making it more powerful.\n" -" * If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can be arbitrary, like `Option`.\n" -" \n" -"" -msgstr "" -"* Organiza a assinatura da função se você tiver muitos parâmetros.\n" -"* Possui recursos adicionais tornando-o mais poderoso.\n" -" * Se alguém perguntar, o recurso extra é que o tipo à esquerda de \":\" pode ser arbitrário, como `Option`.\n" -" \n" -"" - -#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:1 -msgid "# `impl Trait`" -msgstr "# Trait `impl`" - -#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:3 -msgid "" -"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function\n" -"arguments and return values:" -msgstr "" -"Semelhante aos limites do _trait_, a sintaxe do _trait_ `impl` pode ser usada em argumentos de funções\n" -"e em valores de retorno:" - -#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:6 src/generics/trait-objects.md:5 src/generics/trait-objects.md:28 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::fmt::Display;" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"use std::fmt::Display;" - -#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:9 -msgid "" -"fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n" -" format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn get_x(nome: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n" -" format!(\"Olá {nome}\")\n" -"}" - -#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:13 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n" -" println!(\"{x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n" -" println!(\"{x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:19 -msgid "" -"* `impl Trait` cannot be used with the `::<>` turbo fish syntax.\n" -"* `impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name." -msgstr "" -"* `impl Trait` não pode ser usado com a sintaxe turbo fish `::<>`.\n" -"* `impl Trait` permite que você trabalhe com tipos que você não pode nomear." - -#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:24 -msgid "The meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions." -msgstr "O significado do _trait_ `impl` é um pouco difere de acordo com sua posição." - -#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:26 -msgid "" -"* For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a trait bound.\n" -"* For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that implements the trait,\n" -" without naming the type. This can be useful when you don't want to expose the concrete type in a\n" -" public API." -msgstr "" -"* Como parâmetro, o _trait_ `impl` é como um parâmetro genérico anônimo com um limitador de características (trait).\n" -"* Como tipo de retorno, significa que o tipo de retorno é algum tipo concreto que implementa o _trait_,\n" -" sem namear o tipo. Isso pode ser útil quando você não deseja expor o tipo concreto em uma\n" -" API pública." - -#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:31 -msgid "" -"This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to explain that\n" -"nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` type. If we used a single \n" -"`T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type.\n" -"It would not work for this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely not\n" -"what `format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` syntax, we'd need two\n" -"independent generic parameters.\n" -" \n" -"" -msgstr "" -"Este exemplo é ótimo, porque usa `impl Display` duas vezes. Isso ajuda a explicar\n" -"que nada impõe que, nos dois usos, `impl Display` seja _do mesmo_ tipo. Se usássemos um único\n" -"`T: Display`, imporia a restrição de que o tipo `T` de entrada e o tipo `T` de retorno são do mesmo tipo.\n" -"Isso não funcionaria para esta função específica, pois o tipo que esperamos como entrada provavelmente não é\n" -"o que `format!` retorna. Se quiséssemos fazer o mesmo através da sintaxe `: Display`, precisaríamos de dois\n" -"parâmetros genéricos independentes.\n" -" \n" -"" - -#: src/generics/closures.md:1 +#: src/traits/closures.md:1 msgid "# Closures" msgstr "# Closures" -#: src/generics/closures.md:3 +#: src/traits/closures.md:3 msgid "" "Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, they\n" "implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html),\n" @@ -10414,13 +9201,23 @@ msgstr "" "[`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html) e\n" "[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html):" -#: src/generics/closures.md:8 +#: src/traits/closures.md:8 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 {\n" " println!(\"Calling function on {input}\");\n" " func(input)\n" -"}" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n" +" let mul_5 = |x| x * 5;\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n" +" println!(\"mul_5: {}\", apply_with_log(mul_5, 20));\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn aplicar_com_registro(funcao: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, entrada: i32) -> i32 {\n" @@ -10428,37 +9225,15 @@ msgstr "" " funcao(entrada)\n" "}" -#: src/generics/closures.md:14 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n" -" let mul_5 = |x| x * 5;" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let soma_3 = |x| x + 3;\n" -" let multiplica_5 = |x| x * 5;" - -#: src/generics/closures.md:18 -msgid "" -" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n" -" println!(\"mul_5: {}\", apply_with_log(mul_5, 20));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" println!(\"soma_3: {}\", aplicar_com_registro(soma_3, 10));\n" -" println!(\"multiplica_5: {}\", aplicar_com_registro(multiplica_5, 20));\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/generics/closures.md:25 +#: src/traits/closures.md:25 msgid "If you have an `FnOnce`, you may only call it once. It might consume captured values." msgstr "Se você tiver um `FnOnce`, poderá chamá-lo apenas uma vez. Pode consumir os valores capturados." -#: src/generics/closures.md:27 +#: src/traits/closures.md:27 msgid "An `FnMut` might mutate captured values, so you can call it multiple times but not concurrently." msgstr "Um `FnMut` pode alterar os valores capturados, então você pode chamá-lo várias vezes, mas não simultaneamente." -#: src/generics/closures.md:29 +#: src/traits/closures.md:29 msgid "" "An `Fn` neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or perhaps captures nothing at all, so it can\n" "be called multiple times concurrently." @@ -10466,7 +9241,7 @@ msgstr "" "Um `Fn` não consome nem muda os valores capturados ou talvez não capture nada, então, pode\n" "ser chamado várias vezes simultaneamente." -#: src/generics/closures.md:32 +#: src/traits/closures.md:32 msgid "" "`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. I.e. you can use an\n" "`FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce`\n" @@ -10476,260 +9251,10 @@ msgstr "" "`FnMut` sempre que um `FnOnce` é chamado e você pode usar um `Fn` sempre que um `FnMut` ou um `FnOnce`\n" "é chamado." -#: src/generics/closures.md:36 +#: src/traits/closures.md:36 msgid "`move` closures only implement `FnOnce`." msgstr "_Closures_ `move` implementam apenas `FnOnce`." -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:1 -msgid "# Monomorphization" -msgstr "# Monomorfização" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:3 -msgid "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:" -msgstr "O código _genérico_ é transformado em código _não genérico_ de acordo com os tipos usados:" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let integer = Some(5);\n" -" let float = Some(5.0);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let inteiro = Some(5);\n" -" let real = Some(5.0);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:12 -msgid "behaves as if you wrote" -msgstr "se comporta como se você tivesse escrito" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:14 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"enum Option_i32 {\n" -" Some(i32),\n" -" None,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"enum Option_i32 {\n" -" Some (i32),\n" -" None,\n" -"}" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:20 -msgid "" -"enum Option_f64 {\n" -" Some(f64),\n" -" None,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"enum Option_f64 {\n" -" Some (f64),\n" -" None,\n" -"}" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:25 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let integer = Option_i32::Some(5);\n" -" let float = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let inteiro = Option_i32::Some(5);\n" -" let real = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:31 -msgid "" -"This is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you had\n" -"hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction." -msgstr "" -"Esta é uma abstração de custo zero: você obtém exatamente o mesmo resultado como se tivesse\n" -"codificado manualmente as estruturas de dados sem utilizar a abstração." - -#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:1 -msgid "# Trait Objects" -msgstr "# Objetos `trait`" - -#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:3 -msgid "We've seen how a function can take arguments which implement a trait:" -msgstr "Vimos como uma função pode receber argumentos que implementam um `trait` :" - -#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:8 -msgid "" -"fn print(x: T) {\n" -" println!(\"Your value: {x}\");\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn print(x: T) {\n" -" println!(\"Seu valor: {}\", x);\n" -"}" - -#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:12 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" print(123);\n" -" print(\"Hello\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" print(123);\n" -" print(\"Olá\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:18 -msgid "However, how can we store a collection of mixed types which implement `Display`?" -msgstr "No entanto, como podemos armazenar uma coleção de tipos mistos que implementam `Display`?" - -#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:20 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let xs = vec![123, \"Hello\"];\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let xs = vec![123, \"Olá\"];\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:26 -msgid "For this, we need _trait objects_:" -msgstr "Para isso, precisamos de objetos de _traits_:" - -#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:31 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let xs: Vec> = vec![Box::new(123), Box::new(\"Hello\")];\n" -" for x in xs {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let xs: Vec> = vec![Box::new(123), Box::new(\"Olá\")];\n" -" for x in xs {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:39 -msgid "Memory layout after allocating `xs`:" -msgstr "Layout da memória após alocar `xs`:" - -#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:41 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": xs : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o | :\n" -": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-+ :\n" -": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n" -": : : | | | +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | | :\n" -" : | | | +-------------------------+ :\n" -" : | | '---->|\"::fmt\"| :\n" -" : | | +-------------------------+ :\n" -" : | | :\n" -" : | | +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -" : | '-->| 7b | 00 | 00 | 00 | :\n" -" : | +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -" : | :\n" -" : | +-------------------------+ :\n" -" : '---->|\"::fmt\"| :\n" -" : +-------------------------+ :\n" -" : :\n" -" : :\n" -" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": xs : : :\n" -": +------------+-------+ : : +-----+-----+ :\n" -": | ponteir | o---+--+-----+-->| o o | o o | :\n" -": | tamanho | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-+ :\n" -": | capacidade | 2 | : : | | | | +----+----+----+ :\n" -": +------------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| O | l | á | :\n" -": : : | | | +----+----+----+ :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | | :\n" -" : | | | +-------------------------+ :\n" -" : | | '---->|\"::fmt\"| :\n" -" : | | +-------------------------+ :\n" -" : | | :\n" -" : | | +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -" : | '-->| 7b | 00 | 00 | 00 | :\n" -" : | +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -" : | :\n" -" : | +-------------------------+ :\n" -" : '---->|\"::fmt\"| :\n" -" : +-------------------------+ :\n" -" : :\n" -" : :\n" -" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" - -#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:69 -msgid "" -"Similarly, you need a trait object if you want to return different types\n" -"implementing a trait:" -msgstr "" -"Da mesma forma, você precisa de um objeto de _traits_ se quiser retornar valores diferentes\n" -"implementando um `trait`:" - -#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:72 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn numbers(n: i32) -> Box> {\n" -" if n > 0 {\n" -" Box::new(0..n)\n" -" } else {\n" -" Box::new((n..0).rev())\n" -" }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn numeros(n: i32) -> Box> {\n" -" if n > 0 {\n" -" Box::new(0..n)\n" -" } else {\n" -" Box::new((n..0).rev())\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:81 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", numbers(-5).collect::>());\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", numbers(5).collect::>());\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", numeros(-5).collect::>());\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", numeros(5).collect::>());\n" -"}" - #: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:1 msgid "# Day 3: Morning Exercises" msgstr "# Dia 3: Exercícios matinais" @@ -10778,94 +9303,44 @@ msgstr "" "Copie o código abaixo para , codifique os\n" "métodos `draw_into` para que você implemente o `trait` `Widget`:" -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:18 src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:25 +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:18 msgid "" "```rust,should_panic\n" "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]" -msgstr "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"// TODO: remova isso quando terminar sua implementação.\n" -"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:22 -msgid "" +"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" "pub trait Widget {\n" " /// Natural width of `self`.\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize;" -msgstr "" -"pub trait Widget {\n" -" /// Largura natural de `self`.\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize;" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:26 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:27 -msgid "" +" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n" +"\n" " /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);" -msgstr "" -" /// Desenha o widget em um buffer.\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:29 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:30 -msgid "" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n" +"\n" " /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n" " fn draw(&self) {\n" " let mut buffer = String::new();\n" " self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n" " println!(\"{buffer}\");\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" /// Desenha o widget na saída padrão.\n" -" fn draw(&self) {\n" -" let mut buffer = String::new();\n" -" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n" -" println!(\"{}\", &buffer);\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:37 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:38 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "pub struct Label {\n" " label: String,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"pub struct Label {\n" -" label: String,\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:41 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:42 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Label {\n" " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n" " Label {\n" " label: label.to_owned(),\n" " }\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Label {\n" -" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n" -" Label {\n" -" label: label.to_owned(),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:49 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:50 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "pub struct Button {\n" " label: Label,\n" " callback: Box,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"pub struct Button {\n" -" label: Label,\n" -" callback: Box,\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:54 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:55 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Button {\n" " fn new(label: &str, callback: Box) -> Button {\n" " Button {\n" @@ -10873,109 +9348,64 @@ msgid "" " callback,\n" " }\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Button {\n" -" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box) -> Button {\n" -" Button {\n" -" label: Label::new(label),\n" -" callback,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:63 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:64 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "pub struct Window {\n" " title: String,\n" " widgets: Vec>,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"pub struct Window {\n" -" title: String,\n" -" widgets: Vec>,\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:68 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:69 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Window {\n" " fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n" " Window {\n" " title: title.to_owned(),\n" " widgets: Vec::new(),\n" " }\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"impl Window {\n" -" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n" -" Window {\n" -" title: title.to_owned(),\n" -" widgets: Vec::new(),\n" -" }\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:76 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:77 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box) {\n" " self.widgets.push(widget);\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box) {\n" -" self.widgets.push(widget);\n" +"\n" +" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n" +" std::cmp::max(\n" +" self.title.chars().count(),\n" +" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n" +" )\n" " }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:82 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" +"\n" "impl Widget for Label {\n" " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"impl Widget for Label {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:87 src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:97 src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:107 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Widget for Button {\n" +" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:92 -msgid "" -"impl Widget for Button {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"impl Widget for Button {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:102 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Widget for Window {\n" " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"impl Widget for Window {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:112 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo.\")));\n" @@ -10987,46 +9417,30 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" -" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"Esta é uma pequena demonstração de GUI de texto.\")));\n" -" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" -" \"Clique em mim!\",\n" -" Box::new(|| println!(\"Você clicou no botão!\")),\n" -" )));\n" -" window.draw();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:123 +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:130 msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:" msgstr "A saída do programa acima pode ser algo simples como:" -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:125 +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:132 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```text\n" "========\n" "Rust GUI Demo 1.23\n" -"========" +"========\n" +"\n" +"This is a small text GUI demo.\n" +"\n" +"| Click me! |\n" +"```" msgstr "" "```texto\n" "========\n" "Demonstração da GUI do Rust 1.23\n" "========" -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:130 -msgid "This is a small text GUI demo." -msgstr "Esta é uma pequena demonstração de GUI de texto." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:132 -msgid "" -"| Click me! |\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"| Clique-me! |\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:135 +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:142 msgid "" "If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the\n" "[fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment)\n" @@ -11038,7 +9452,7 @@ msgstr "" "Em particular, observe como você pode preencher com diferentes\n" "caracteres (aqui um `'/'`) e como você pode controlar o alinhamento:" -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:140 +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:147 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -11058,11 +9472,11 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:149 +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:156 msgid "Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:" msgstr "Usando esses truques de alinhamento, você pode, por exemplo, produzir uma saída como esta:" -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:151 +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:158 msgid "" "```text\n" "+--------------------------------+\n" @@ -11146,37 +9560,20 @@ msgstr "Por padrão, um pânico fará com que a pilha se desenrole. O desenrolam #: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:5 msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"use std::panic;" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"use std::panic;" - -#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:8 -msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::panic;\n" +"\n" "let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" " println!(\"hello!\");\n" "});\n" -"assert!(result.is_ok());" -msgstr "" -"let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" -" println!(\"Olá!\");\n" -"});\n" -"assert!(result.is_ok());" - -#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:13 -msgid "" +"assert!(result.is_ok());\n" +"\n" "let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" " panic!(\"oh no!\");\n" "});\n" "assert!(result.is_err());\n" "```" msgstr "" -"let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" -" panic!(\"oh não!\");\n" -"});\n" -"assert!(result.is_err());\n" -"```" #: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:19 msgid "" @@ -11201,17 +9598,12 @@ msgstr "" "esperados como parte da operação normal:" #: src/error-handling/result.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"```rust\n" +"```rust,editable\n" "use std::fs::File;\n" -"use std::io::Read;" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"use std::fs::File;\n" -"use std::io::Read;" - -#: src/error-handling/result.md:10 -msgid "" +"use std::io::Read;\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let file = File::open(\"diary.txt\");\n" " match file {\n" @@ -11243,14 +9635,14 @@ msgstr "" "```" #: src/error-handling/result.md:27 +#, fuzzy msgid "" " * As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the developer to\n" " explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the case where an error should never happen,\n" " `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too. \n" " * `Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it is worth mentioning. \n" " It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions that help functional-style programming. \n" -" \n" -"" +" " msgstr "" " * Como em `Option`, o valor bem-sucedido fica dentro de `Result`, forçando o desenvolvedor a\n" " extraí-lo explicitamente. Isso encoraja a verificação de erros. No caso em que um erro nunca deve acontecer,\n" @@ -11310,52 +9702,22 @@ msgstr "Podemos usar isso para simplificar nosso código de tratamento de erros: msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::fs;\n" -"use std::io::{self, Read};" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"use std::fs;\n" -"use std::io::{self, Read};" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:25 -msgid "" +"use std::io::{self, Read};\n" +"\n" "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);" -msgstr "" -"fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let arquivo_nome_usuario_result = fs::File::open(caminho);" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:28 -msgid "" +" let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);\n" " let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n" " Ok(file) => file,\n" -" Err(e) => return Err(e),\n" -" };" -msgstr "" -" let mut arquivo_nome_usuario = match arquivo_nome_usuario_result {\n" -" Ok(arquivo) => arquivo,\n" -" Err(e) => return Err(e),\n" -" };" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:33 -msgid " let mut username = String::new();" -msgstr " let mut nome_usuario = String::new();" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:35 -msgid "" +" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" +" };\n" +"\n" +" let mut username = String::new();\n" " match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n" " Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n" -" Err(e) => Err(e),\n" +" Err(err) => Err(err),\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" match arquivo_nome_usuario.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario) {\n" -" Ok(_) => Ok(nome_usuario),\n" -" Err(e) => Err(e),\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:41 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n" " let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n" @@ -11363,14 +9725,9 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n" -" let nome_usuario = ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\");\n" -" println!(\"Nome de usuário ou erro: {nome_usuario:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:52 src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:52 +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:50 +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:52 msgid "" "* The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`.\n" "* Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty file, file with username." @@ -11378,7 +9735,8 @@ msgstr "" "* A variável `nome_usuario` pode ser `Ok(string)` ou `Err(error)`.\n" "* Use a chamada `fs::write` para testar os diferentes cenários: nenhum arquivo, arquivo vazio e arquivo com name de usuário." -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:1 src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:1 +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:1 +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:1 msgid "# Converting Error Types" msgstr "# Convertendo Tipos de Erro" @@ -11430,68 +9788,31 @@ msgid "" "use std::error::Error;\n" "use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n" "use std::fs::{self, File};\n" -"use std::io::{self, Read};" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::error::Error;\n" -"use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n" -"use std::fs::{self, File};\n" -"use std::io::{self, Read};" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:9 -msgid "" +"use std::io::{self, Read};\n" +"\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "enum ReadUsernameError {\n" " IoError(io::Error),\n" " EmptyUsername(String),\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"enum LerNomeUsuarioError {\n" -" IoError(io::Error),\n" -" NomeUsuarioVazio(String),\n" -"}" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:15 -msgid "impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}" -msgstr "impl Error for LerNomeUsuarioError {}" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:17 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}\n" +"\n" "impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n" " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n" " match self {\n" -" Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {}\", e),\n" -" Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username in {}\", filename),\n" +" Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {e}\"),\n" +" Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username in {filename}\"),\n" " }\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Display for LerNomeUsuarioError {\n" -" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n" -" match self {\n" -" Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"Erro de E/S: {}\", e),\n" -" Self::NomeUsuarioVazio(arquivo) => write!(f, \"Não foi encontrado nome de usuário em {}\", arquivo),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:26 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl From for ReadUsernameError {\n" " fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n" " ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl From for LerNomeUsuarioError {\n" -" fn from(err: io::Error) -> LerNomeUsuarioError {\n" -" LerNomeUsuarioError::IoError(err)\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:32 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" " File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" @@ -11499,19 +9820,8 @@ msgid "" " return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n" " }\n" " Ok(username)\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n" -" File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" -" if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" -" return Err(LerNomeUsuarioError::NomeUsuarioVazio(String::from(caminho)));\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(nome_usuario)\n" -"}" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:41 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" " let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n" @@ -11519,12 +9829,6 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" let nome_usuario = ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\");\n" -" println!(\"Nome de usuário ou erro: {nome_usuario:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:55 msgid "" @@ -11555,33 +9859,16 @@ msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use std::{fs, io};\n" "use std::io::Read;\n" -"use thiserror::Error;" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::{fs, io};\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"use thiserror::Error;" - -#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:11 -msgid "" +"use thiserror::Error;\n" +"\n" "#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n" "enum ReadUsernameError {\n" " #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n" " IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n" " #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n" " EmptyUsername(String),\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n" -"enum LerNomeUsuarioError {\n" -" #[error(\"Não foi possível ler: {0}\")]\n" -" IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n" -" #[error(\"Não foi encontrado o nome do usuário em {0}\")]\n" -" NomeUsuarioVazio(String),\n" -"}" - -#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:19 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" " fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" @@ -11589,19 +9876,8 @@ msgid "" " return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n" " }\n" " Ok(username)\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n" -" fs::File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" -" if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" -" return Err(LerNomeUsuarioError::NomeUsuarioVazio(String::from(caminho)));\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(nome_usuario)\n" -"}" - -#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:28 src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:25 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" " match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" @@ -11611,14 +9887,6 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n" -" Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"Nome de usuário: {nome_usuario}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:39 msgid "" @@ -11652,26 +9920,12 @@ msgid "" "use std::fs::{self, File};\n" "use std::io::Read;\n" "use thiserror::Error;\n" -"use std::error::Error;" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::fs::{self, File};\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"use thiserror::Error;\n" -"use std::error::Error;" - -#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:12 -msgid "" +"use std::error::Error;\n" +"\n" "#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n" "#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n" -"struct EmptyUsernameError(String);" -msgstr "" -"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n" -"#[error(\"Nome de usuário não encontrado em {0}\")]\n" -"struct NomeUsuarioVazioError(String);" - -#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:16 -msgid "" +"struct EmptyUsernameError(String);\n" +"\n" "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result> {\n" " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" " File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" @@ -11679,16 +9933,17 @@ msgid "" " return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n" " }\n" " Ok(username)\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result> {\n" -" let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n" -" File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" -" if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" -" return Err(NomeUsuarioVazioError(String::from(caminho)).into());\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" +" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" +" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n" " }\n" -" Ok (nome_usuario)\n" -"}" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:36 msgid "" @@ -11717,30 +9972,33 @@ msgstr "" "tipos de erros personalizados:" #: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:7 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use std::{fs, io};\n" "use std::io::Read;\n" -"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::{fs};\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};" - -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:12 -msgid "" +"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n" +"\n" "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" " fs::File::open(path)\n" -" .context(format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n" +" .with_context(|| format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n" " .read_to_string(&mut username)\n" " .context(\"Failed to read\")?;\n" " if username.is_empty() {\n" " bail!(\"Found no username in {path}\");\n" " }\n" " Ok(username)\n" -"}" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" +" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" +" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" " let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n" @@ -11754,26 +10012,6 @@ msgstr "" " Ok (nome_usuario)\n" "}" -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:24 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" -" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n" -" Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"Nome de usuário: {nome_usuario}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err:?}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - #: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:35 msgid "" "* `anyhow::Result` is a type alias for `Result`.\n" @@ -11799,11 +10037,11 @@ msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:" msgstr "Rust e Cargo vêm com uma estrutura de testes unitários simples:" #: src/testing.md:5 -msgid "* Unit tests are supported throughout your code." -msgstr "* Os testes unitários são suportados em todo o seu código." - -#: src/testing.md:7 -msgid "* Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory." +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"* Unit tests are supported throughout your code.\n" +"\n" +"* Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory." msgstr "* Testes de integração são suportados através do diretório `tests/`." #: src/testing/unit-tests.md:1 @@ -11816,59 +10054,30 @@ msgstr "Marque os testes unitários com `#[test]`:" #: src/testing/unit-tests.md:5 msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" +"```rust,editable,ignore\n" "fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n" " match text.find(' ') {\n" " Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n" " None => &text,\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn primeira_palavra(text: &str) -> &str {\n" -" match text.find(' ') {\n" -" Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n" -" None => &text,\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:13 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_empty() {\n" " assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn teste_vazio() {\n" -" assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"\"), \"\");\n" -"}" - -#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:18 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_single_word() {\n" " assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_uma_palavra() {\n" -" assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"Olá\"), \"Olá\");\n" -"}" - -#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:23 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_multiple_words() {\n" " assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_multiplas_palavras() {\n" -" assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"Olá Mundo\"), \"Olá\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/testing/unit-tests.md:29 msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests." @@ -11891,25 +10100,16 @@ msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n" " format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n" -" format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n" -"}" - -#: src/testing/test-modules.md:11 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "pub fn main() {\n" " println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"pub fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Olá\", \"Mundo\"));\n" -"}" - -#: src/testing/test-modules.md:19 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[cfg(test)]\n" +"mod tests {\n" +" use super::*;\n" +"\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_helper() {\n" " assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n" @@ -11917,12 +10117,6 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_helper() {\n" -" assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/testing/test-modules.md:26 msgid "" @@ -11972,13 +10166,11 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "* Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code.\n" "* The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`.\n" -"* Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" -"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." +"* Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." msgstr "" "* Blocos de código em comentários `///` são vistos automaticamente como código Rust.\n" "* O código será compilado e executado como parte do `cargo test`.\n" -"* Teste o código acima no [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" -"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." +"* Teste o código acima no [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." #: src/testing/integration-tests.md:1 msgid "# Integration Tests" @@ -11993,15 +10185,11 @@ msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:" msgstr "Crie um arquivo `.rs` em `tests/`:" #: src/testing/integration-tests.md:7 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" -"use my_library::init;" -msgstr "" -"```rust, ignore\n" -"use minha_biblioteca::init;" - -#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:10 -msgid "" +"use my_library::init;\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_init() {\n" " assert!(init().is_ok());\n" @@ -12018,6 +10206,26 @@ msgstr "" msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate." msgstr "Esses testes só têm acesso à API pública do seu `crate`." +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:1 +msgid "## Useful crates for writing tests" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:3 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests." +msgstr "Rust tem suporte embutido para testes de documentação:" + +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:5 +msgid "Here are some additional crates which we recommend for writing tests:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:7 +msgid "" +"* [googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Comprehensive test assertion library in the tradition of GoogleTest for C++.\n" +"* [proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Property-based testing for Rust.\n" +"* [rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Support for fixtures and parameterised tests." +msgstr "" + #: src/unsafe.md:1 msgid "# Unsafe Rust" msgstr "# Rust inseguro (unsafe)" @@ -12097,28 +10305,19 @@ msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:" msgstr "Criar ponteiros é seguro, mas desreferenciá-los requer `unsafe`:" #: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" -" let mut num = 5;" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut num = 5;" - -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:9 -msgid "" +" let mut num = 5;\n" +"\n" " let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n" -" let r2 = &num as *const i32;" -msgstr "" -" let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n" -" let r2 = &num as *const i32;" - -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:12 -msgid "" -" // Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are guaranteed to be non-null and\n" -" // properly aligned, the objects underlying the references from which they were obtained are\n" -" // live throughout the whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n" +" let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are\n" +" // guaranteed to be non-null and properly aligned, the objects underlying\n" +" // the references from which they were obtained are live throughout the\n" +" // whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n" " // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n" " unsafe {\n" " println!(\"r1 is: {}\", *r1);\n" @@ -12140,7 +10339,7 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:26 +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:27 msgid "" "It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write a comment for each\n" "`unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it satisfies the safety requirements of the unsafe\n" @@ -12150,7 +10349,7 @@ msgstr "" "bloco `unsafe` explicando como o código dentro dele satisfaz os requisitos de segurança para a\n" "operação insegura que está fazendo." -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:30 +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:31 msgid "" "In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be\n" "[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:" @@ -12158,7 +10357,7 @@ msgstr "" "No caso de desreferência de ponteiros, isso significa que os ponteiros devem ser\n" "[_válidos_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), ou seja:" -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:33 +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:34 msgid "" " * The pointer must be non-null.\n" " * The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single allocated object).\n" @@ -12174,7 +10373,7 @@ msgstr "" " * Se o ponteiro foi obtido lançando uma referência, o objeto subjacente deve estar ativo e nenhuma\n" " referência pode ser usada para acessar a memória." -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:40 +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:41 msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned." msgstr "Na maioria dos casos, o ponteiro também deve estar alinhado corretamente." @@ -12187,20 +10386,18 @@ msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:" msgstr "É seguro ler uma variável estática imutável:" #: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" -"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Olá, mundo!\";" - -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:8 -msgid "" +"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Olá, mundo!\";" #: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:13 msgid "" @@ -12213,38 +10410,19 @@ msgstr "" #: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:16 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" -"static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"static mut CONTADOR: u32 = 0;" - -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:19 -msgid "" +"static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;\n" +"\n" "fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n" " unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potential data race!\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n" -" unsafe { CONTADOR += inc; } // Potencial corrida de dados!\n" -"}" - -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:23 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" -" add_to_counter(42);" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" add_to_counter(42);" - -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:26 -msgid "" +" add_to_counter(42);\n" +"\n" " unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potential data race!\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" unsafe { println!(\"CONTADOR: {}\", CONTADOR); } // Potencial corrida de dados!\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:32 msgid "" @@ -12263,23 +10441,15 @@ msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:" msgstr "As uniões `union` são como enums, mas você mesmo precisa rastrear o campo ativo:" #: src/unsafe/unions.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[repr(C)]\n" "union MyUnion {\n" " i: u8,\n" " b: bool,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[repr(C)]\n" -"union MinhaUnion {\n" -" i: u8,\n" -" b: bool,\n" -"}" - -#: src/unsafe/unions.md:12 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n" " println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n" @@ -12328,33 +10498,28 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" -" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";" - -#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:10 -msgid "" +" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n" +"\n" " // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds of\n" " // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n" " unsafe {\n" -" println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n" -" println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n" -" println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n" +" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n" +" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n" +" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n" " }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n" +"\n" +" // Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n" +" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n" +" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n" +" s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" // Seguro porque os índices estão na ordem correta, dentro dos limites da\n" -" // slice da string e fica nos limites da sequência UTF-8.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n" -" println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n" -" println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:1 msgid "# Writing Unsafe Functions" @@ -12369,6 +10534,7 @@ msgstr "" "comportamentos indefinidos." #: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n" @@ -12380,7 +10546,20 @@ msgid "" " let temp = *a;\n" " *a = *b;\n" " *b = temp;\n" -"}" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a = 42;\n" +" let mut b = 66;\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because ...\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "/// Trocando os valores dos parâmetros pode referência usando ponteiros\n" @@ -12394,38 +10573,6 @@ msgstr "" " *b = temp;\n" "}" -#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:18 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a = 42;\n" -" let mut b = 66;" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a = 42;\n" -" let mut b = 66;" - -#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:22 -msgid "" -" // Safe because ...\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" // Seguro porque...\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" troca(&mut a, &mut b);\n" -" }" - -#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:27 -msgid "" -" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - #: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:33 msgid "We wouldn't actually use pointers for this because it can be done safely with references." msgstr "Na verdade, não usaríamos ponteiros para isso porque isso pode ser feito com segurança usando referências." @@ -12451,15 +10598,13 @@ msgstr "" "elas é, portanto, inseguro:" #: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "extern \"C\" {\n" " fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n" -"}" -msgstr "" - -#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:11 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " unsafe {\n" " // Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n" @@ -12515,17 +10660,12 @@ msgstr "" "[algo assim](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):" #: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:9 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::mem::size_of_val;\n" -"use std::slice;" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"use std::mem::size_of_val;\n" -"use std::slice;" - -#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:13 -msgid "" +"use std::slice;\n" +"\n" "/// ...\n" "/// # Safety\n" "/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n" @@ -12535,7 +10675,11 @@ msgid "" " slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, size_of_val(self))\n" " }\n" " }\n" -"}" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n" +"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "/// ...\n" "/// # Safety\n" @@ -12548,16 +10692,6 @@ msgstr "" " }\n" "}" -#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:24 -msgid "" -"// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n" -"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"// Seguro porque u32 tem uma representação definida e nenhum preenchimento.\n" -"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n" -"```" - #: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:30 msgid "" "There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining the requirements for\n" @@ -12586,10 +10720,6 @@ msgstr "Vamos construir um wrapper seguro para ler o conteúdo do diretório!" msgid "After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution] provided." msgstr "Depois de ver o exercício, você pode ver a [solução] fornecida." -#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:9 -msgid "[solution]: solutions-afternoon.md" -msgstr "[solução]: solutions-afternoon.md" - #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:1 msgid "# Safe FFI Wrapper" msgstr "# _Wrapper_ FFI seguro" @@ -12620,27 +10750,41 @@ msgstr "" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:13 msgid "" -"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`] module, particular for [`CStr`]\n" -"and [`CString`] types which are used to hold NUL-terminated strings coming from\n" -"C. The [Nomicon] also has a very useful chapter about FFI." +"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`] module. There you find a number of\n" +"string types which you need for the exercise:" msgstr "" -"Você também deve procurar o módulo [`std::ffi`], especialmente para [`CStr`]\n" -"e tipos [`CString`] que são usados para armazenar strings terminadas com NULL vindas do\n" -"C. O [Nomicon] também tem um capítulo muito útil sobre FFI." -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:17 +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16 msgid "" -"[`std::ffi`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/\n" -"[`CStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html\n" -"[`CString`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html\n" -"[Nomicon]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html" +"| Types | Encoding | Use |\n" +"|----------------------------|----------------|--------------------------------|\n" +"| [`str`] and [`String`] | UTF-8 | Text processing in Rust |\n" +"| [`CStr`] and [`CString`] | NUL-terminated | Communicating with C functions |\n" +"| [`OsStr`] and [`OsString`] | OS-specific | Communicating with the OS |" msgstr "" -"[`std::ffi`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/\n" -"[`CStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html\n" -"[`CString`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html\n" -"[Nomicon]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:22 +msgid "You will convert between all these types:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:24 +msgid "" +"- `&str` to `CString`: you need to allocate space for a trailing `\\0` character,\n" +"- `CString` to `*const i8`: you need a pointer to call C functions,\n" +"- `*const i8` to `&CStr`: you need something which can find the trailing `\\0` character,\n" +"- `&CStr` to `&[u8]`: a slice of bytes is the universal interface for \"some unknow data\",\n" +"- `&[u8]` to `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` is a step towards `OsString`, use\n" +" [`OsStrExt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html)\n" +" to create it,\n" +"- `&OsStr` to `OsString`: you need to clone the data in `&OsStr` to be able to return it and call\n" +" `readdir` again." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:34 +msgid "The [Nomicon] also has a very useful chapter about FFI." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:45 msgid "" "Copy the code below to and fill in the missing\n" "functions and methods:" @@ -12648,33 +10792,26 @@ msgstr "" "Copie o código abaixo para e implemente as\n" "funções e métodos que faltam:" -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:29 +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:48 msgid "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" +"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" "mod ffi {\n" -" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};" -msgstr "" -"mod ffi {\n" -" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:32 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:26 -msgid "" +" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n" +" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" +" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};\n" +"\n" " // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" " #[repr(C)]\n" " pub struct DIR {\n" " _data: [u8; 0],\n" " _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::PhantomPinned)>,\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" // Tipo opaco. Consulte https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct DIR {\n" -" _data: [u8; 0],\n" -" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::PhantomPinned)>,\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:39 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:33 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " // Layout as per readdir(3) and definitions in /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu.\n" +" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" " #[repr(C)]\n" " pub struct dirent {\n" " pub d_ino: c_long,\n" @@ -12682,104 +10819,59 @@ msgid "" " pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" " pub d_type: c_char,\n" " pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" // Layout para readdir(3) e definições em /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu.\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Layout as per man entry for dirent\n" +" #[cfg(target_os = \"macos\")]\n" " #[repr(C)]\n" " pub struct dirent {\n" -" pub d_ino: c_long,\n" -" pub d_off: c_ulong,\n" -" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" -" pub d_type: c_char,\n" -" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:49 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:43 -msgid "" +" pub d_ino: u64,\n" +" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n" +" pub d_reclen: u16,\n" +" pub d_namlen: u16,\n" +" pub d_type: u8,\n" +" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n" +" }\n" +"\n" " extern \"C\" {\n" " pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" " pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" extern \"C\" {\n" -" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" -" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" -" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:56 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:50 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" -"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;" -msgstr "" -"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" -"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:59 -msgid "" +"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n" +"\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct DirectoryIterator {\n" " path: CString,\n" " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct DirectoryIterator {\n" -" path: CString,\n" -" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:65 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl DirectoryIterator {\n" " fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" " // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" " // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl DirectoryIterator {\n" -" fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" // Chama opendir e retorna um valor Ok se funcionou,\n" -" // caso contrário, retorna Err com uma mensagem.\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:73 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" " type Item = OsString;\n" " fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" " // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" -" type Item = OsString;\n" -" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" -" // Continue chamando readdir até obter um ponteiro NULL de volta.\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:81 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" " fn drop(&mut self) {\n" " // Call closedir as needed.\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:88 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" " println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" @@ -12787,1378 +10879,11 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" -" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" -" println!(\"arquivos: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/welcome-day-4.md:1 -msgid "# Welcome to Day 4" -msgstr "# Bem-vindo ao Dia 4" - -#: src/welcome-day-4.md:3 -msgid "Today we will look at two main topics:" -msgstr "Hoje veremos dois tópicos principais:" - -#: src/welcome-day-4.md:5 -msgid "* Concurrency: threads, channels, shared state, `Send` and `Sync`." -msgstr "* Concorrência: _threads_, _channels_, estado compartilhado, `Send` e `Sync`." - -#: src/welcome-day-4.md:7 -msgid "" -"* Android: building binaries and libraries, using AIDL, logging, and\n" -" interoperability with C, C++, and Java." -msgstr "" -"* Android: construindo binários e bibliotecas, usando AIDL, log e\n" -" interoperabilidade com C, C++ e Java." - -#: src/welcome-day-4.md:10 -msgid "" -"> We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to\n" -"> find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code to\n" -"> Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something that\n" -"> parses some raw bytes would be ideal." -msgstr "" -"> Tentaremos chamar Rust de um de seus próprios projetos hoje. Então tente\n" -"> encontrar um pequeno canto da sua base de código onde podemos mover algumas linhas de código para\n" -"> Rust. Quanto menos dependências e tipos \"exóticos\", melhor. Algo que\n" -"> analise alguns bytes brutos seria o ideal." - -#: src/concurrency.md:1 -msgid "# Fearless Concurrency" -msgstr "# Concorrência sem medo" - -#: src/concurrency.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and\n" -"channels." -msgstr "" -"Rust tem suporte total para concorrência usando _threads_ do SO com _mutexes_ e\n" -"_channels_ (canais)." - -#: src/concurrency.md:6 -msgid "" -"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs\n" -"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since you\n" -"can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime." -msgstr "" -"O sistema de tipos do Rust desempenha um papel importante na conversão de muitos erros de concorrência\n" -"em erros de tempo de compilação. Isso geralmente é chamado de _concorrência sem medo_, pois você\n" -"pode confiar no compilador para garantir a exatidão no tempo de execução." - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:1 -msgid "# Threads" -msgstr "# Threads" - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:3 -msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:" -msgstr "_Threads_ em Rust funcionam de maneira semelhante às _threads_ em outras linguagens:" - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;" - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:9 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" thread::spawn(|| {\n" -" for i in 1..10 {\n" -" println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" -" }\n" -" });" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" thread::spawn(|| {\n" -" for i in 1..10 {\n" -" println!(\"Contador na thread: {i}!\");\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" -" }\n" -" });" - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:17 -msgid "" -" for i in 1..5 {\n" -" println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" for i in 1..5 {\n" -" println!(\"Thread principal: {i}\");\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:24 -msgid "" -"* Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them.\n" -"* Thread panics are independent of each other.\n" -" * Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`." -msgstr "" -"* _Threads_ são todas \"_daemon threads_\", o _thread_ principal não espera por elas.\n" -"* \"_Panics_\" em _threads_ são independentes uns dos outros.\n" -" * \"_Panics_\" podem carregar um _payload_ (carga útil), que pode ser descompactado com `downcast_ref`." - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:32 -msgid "" -"* Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread is\n" -" not waiting." -msgstr "" -"* Observe que o _thread_ é interrompido antes de atingir 10 — o _thread_ principal não\n" -" o espera." - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:35 -msgid "" -"* Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for\n" -" the thread to finish." -msgstr "" -"* Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` e posteriormente `handle.join()` para aguardar\n" -" a `thread` terminar." - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:38 -msgid "* Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`." -msgstr "* Acione um pânico (`panic`) na _thread_ e observe como isso não afeta a _thread_ `main`." - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:40 -msgid "" -"* Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the panic\n" -" payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`]." -msgstr "" -"* Use o valor de retorno `Result` de `handle.join()` para obter acesso ao\n" -" _payload_ do `panic` gerado. Este é um bom momento para falar sobre [`Any`]." - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:43 -msgid "[`Any`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html" -msgstr "[`Qualquer`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1 -msgid "# Scoped Threads" -msgstr "# Threads com Escopo" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3 -msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:" -msgstr "_Threads_ normais não podem emprestar de seu ambiente:" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::thread;" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::thread;" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:8 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:22 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s = String::from(\"Olá\");" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:11 -msgid "" -" thread::spawn(|| {\n" -" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" -" });\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" thread::spawn(|| {\n" -" println!(\"Comprimento: {}\", s.len());\n" -" });\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:17 -msgid "However, you can use a [scoped thread][1] for this:" -msgstr "No entanto, você pode usar uma [_thread_ com escopo][1] para isso:" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:19 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::thread;" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::thread;" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:25 -msgid "" -" thread::scope(|scope| {\n" -" scope.spawn(|| {\n" -" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" -" });\n" -" });\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" thread::scope(|scope| {\n" -" scope.spawn(|| {\n" -" println!(\"Comprimento: {}\", s.len());\n" -" });\n" -" });\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:33 -msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.scope.html" -msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.scope.html" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:35 -msgid "" -"
\n" -" \n" -"* The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so " -"they can return borrowed data.\n" -"* Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one thread, or immutably by any number of threads.\n" -" \n" -"
" -msgstr "" -"
\n" -" \n" -"* A razão para isso é que, quando a função `thread::scope` for concluída, todas as _threads_ serão unidas, para que possam " -"retornar dados emprestados.\n" -"* Aplicam-se as regras normais de empréstimo do Rust: o empréstimo pode ser mutável, para uma `thread` ou imutável para\n" -"qualquer número de _threads_.\n" -" \n" -"
" - -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:1 -msgid "# Channels" -msgstr "# Channels (Canais)" - -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender` and a `Receiver`. The two parts\n" -"are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points." -msgstr "" -"Os _channels_ (canais) em Rust têm duas partes: um `Sender` e um `Receiver`. As duas partes\n" -"estão conectadas através do _channel_, mas você só vê os _end-points_." - -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" -"use std::thread;" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" -"use std::thread;" - -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:10 src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:10 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();" - -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:13 -msgid "" -" tx.send(10).unwrap();\n" -" tx.send(20).unwrap();" -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:16 -msgid "" -" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" -" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());" -msgstr "" -" println!(\"Recebido: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" -" println!(\"Recebido: {:?}\", rx.recv());" - -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:19 -msgid "" -" let tx2 = tx.clone();\n" -" tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" let tx2 = tx.clone();\n" -" tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"Recebido: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:27 -msgid "" -"* `mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` implement `Clone` (so\n" -" you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does not.\n" -"* `send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the counterpart `Sender` or\n" -" `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed." -msgstr "" -"* `mpsc` significa Multi-Produtor, Único-Consumidor. `Sender` e `SyncSender` implementam `Clone` (então\n" -" você pode criar vários produtores), mas `Receiver` (consumidores) não.\n" -"* `send()` e `recv()` retornam `Result`. Se retornarem `Err`, significa que a contraparte `Sender` ou\n" -" `Receiver` é descartada e o canal é fechado." - -#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1 -msgid "# Unbounded Channels" -msgstr "# Canais ilimitados" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3 -msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:" -msgstr "Você obtém um canal ilimitado e assíncrono com `mpsc::channel()`:" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:5 src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:13 src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:13 -msgid "" -" thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" -" for i in 1..10 {\n" -" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n" -" });\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));" -msgstr "" -" thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" -" for i in 1..10 {\n" -" tx.send(format!(\"Mensagem {i}\")).unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: enviando a mensagem: {i}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: feito\");\n" -" });\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:23 -msgid "" -" for msg in rx.iter() {\n" -" println!(\"Main: got {}\", msg);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" for msg in rx.iter() {\n" -" println!(\"Main: obteve {msg}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1 -msgid "# Bounded Channels" -msgstr "# Canais Delimitados" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3 -msgid "Bounded and synchronous channels make `send` block the current thread:" -msgstr "Canais limitados e síncronos fazem `send` bloquear o _thread_ atual:" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:10 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:23 -msgid "" -" for msg in rx.iter() {\n" -" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" for msg in rx.iter() {\n" -" println!(\"Main: obteve {msg}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1 -msgid "# Shared State" -msgstr "# Estado Compartilhado" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is\n" -"primarily done via two types:" -msgstr "" -"Rust usa o sistema de tipos para impor a sincronização de dados compartilhados. Isso é\n" -"feito principalmente através de dois tipos:" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6 -msgid "" -"* [`Arc`][1], atomic reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and\n" -" takes care to deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped,\n" -"* [`Mutex`][2]: ensures mutually exclusive access to the `T` value." -msgstr "" -"* [`Arc`][1], referência atômica contada `T`: manipula o compartilhamento entre _threads_ e\n" -" toma o cuidado de desalocar `T` quando a última referência é descartada,\n" -"* [`Mutex`][2]: garante acesso mutuamente exclusivo ao valor `T`." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:10 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1 -msgid "# `Arc`" -msgstr "# `Arc`" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3 -msgid "[`Arc`][1] allows shared read-only access via its `clone` method:" -msgstr "[`Arc`][1] permite acesso somente leitura compartilhado por meio de seu método `clone`:" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::sync::Arc;" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::sync::Arc;" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:9 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" -" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n" -" for _ in 1..5 {\n" -" let v = v.clone();\n" -" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n" -" }));\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" -" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n" -" for _ in 1..5 {\n" -" let v = v.clone();\n" -" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n" -" }));\n" -" }" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:20 -msgid "" -" handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:25 -msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html" -msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29 -msgid "" -"* `Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` that uses atomic\n" -" operations.\n" -"* `Arc` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` and `Sync` iff `T`\n" -" implements them both.\n" -"* `Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but after that the use of the\n" -" `T` is free.\n" -"* Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect them.\n" -" * `std::sync::Weak` can help." -msgstr "" -"* `Arc` significa \"Atomic Reference Counted\", uma versão _thread-safe_ de `Rc` que usa operações atômicas.\n" -"* `Arc` implementa `Clone` quer `T` o faça ou não. Ele implementa `Send` e `Sync` se `T`\n" -" implementa os dois.\n" -"* `Arc::clone()` tem o custo das operações atômicas que são executadas, mas depois disso o uso do\n" -" `T` é gratuito.\n" -"* Cuidado com os ciclos de referência, `Arc` não usa um coletor de lixo para detectá-los.\n" -" * `std::sync::Weak` pode ajudar." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1 -msgid "# `Mutex`" -msgstr "# `Mutex`" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3 -msgid "" -"[`Mutex`][1] ensures mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T`\n" -"behind a read-only interface:" -msgstr "" -"[`Mutex`][1] garante exclusão mútua _e_ permite acesso mutável a `T`\n" -"por trás de uma interface somente leitura:" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::Mutex;" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"use std::sync::Mutex;" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:9 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Mutex> = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" -" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Mutex> = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" -" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:13 -msgid "" -" {\n" -" let v: &Mutex> = &v;\n" -" let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n" -" guard.push(40);\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" {\n" -" let v: &Mutex> = &v;\n" -" let mut guarda= v.lock().unwrap();\n" -" guarda.push(40);\n" -" }" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:19 -msgid "" -" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:23 -msgid "" -"Notice how we have a [`impl Sync for Mutex`][2] blanket\n" -"implementation." -msgstr "" -"Observe como temos uma implementação [`impl Sync for Mutex`][2]\n" -"encoberta." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:26 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E\n" -"[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E\n" -"[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:30 -msgid "" -"
\n" -" \n" -"* `Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element - the protected data.\n" -" * It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the protected data.\n" -"* You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex` by taking the lock. The `MutexGuard` ensures that the\n" -" `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held.\n" -"* `Mutex` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff `T` implements `Send`.\n" -"* A read-write lock counterpart - `RwLock`.\n" -"* Why does `lock()` return a `Result`? \n" -" * If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes \"poisoned\" to signal that\n" -" the data it protected might be in an inconsistent state. Calling `lock()` on a poisoned mutex\n" -" fails with a [`PoisonError`]. You can call `into_inner()` on the error to recover the data\n" -" regardless." -msgstr "" -"
\n" -" \n" -"* `Mutex` em Rust parece uma coleção com apenas um elemento - os dados protegidos.\n" -" * Não é possível esquecer de adquirir o mutex antes de acessar os dados protegidos.\n" -"* Você pode obter um `&mut T` de um `&Mutex` obtendo um bloqueio (_lock_). O `MutexGuard` garante que o\n" -" `&mut T` não sobrevive além do bloqueio (_lock_).\n" -"* `Mutex` implementa `Send` e `Sync` se `T` implementa `Send`.\n" -"* O bloqueio para leitura e gravação - `RwLock`.\n" -"* Por que `lock()` retorna um `Result`?\n" -" * Se o thread que manteve o `Mutex` entrou em pânico, o `Mutex` torna-se \"envenenado\" para sinalizar que\n" -" os dados protegidos podem estar em um estado inconsistente. Ao chamar `lock()` em um mutex envenenado\n" -" o retorno é uma falha com um [`PoisonError`]. Você pode chamar `into_inner()` no erro para recuperar os dados\n" -" independentemente." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:44 -msgid "" -"[`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html \n" -" \n" -"
" -msgstr "" -"[`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html\n" -" \n" -"
" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3 -msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:" -msgstr "Vamos ver `Arc` e `Mutex` em ação:" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:9 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n" -" v.push(10);\n" -" });\n" -" v.push(1000);" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n" -" v.push(10);\n" -" });\n" -" v.push(1000);" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:16 -msgid "" -" handle.join().unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" handle.join().unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23 -msgid "" -"Possible solution:\n" -" \n" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" -"use std::thread;" -msgstr "" -"Solução possível:\n" -" \n" -"```rust, editable\n" -"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" -"use std::thread;" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:29 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:32 -msgid "" -" let v2 = v.clone();\n" -" let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n" -" v2.push(10);\n" -" });" -msgstr "" -" let v2 = v.clone();\n" -" let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n" -" v2.push(10);\n" -" });" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:38 -msgid "" -" {\n" -" let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" -" v.push(1000);\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" {\n" -" let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" -" v.push(1000);\n" -" }" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:43 -msgid " handle.join().unwrap();" -msgstr " handle.join().unwrap();" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:45 -msgid "" -" {\n" -" let v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```\n" -" \n" -"Notable parts:" -msgstr "" -" {\n" -" let v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```\n" -" \n" -"Partes importantes:" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:54 -msgid "" -"* `v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are orthogonal.\n" -" * Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state between threads.\n" -"* `v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda " -"signature.\n" -"* Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as possible.\n" -"* We still need to acquire the `Mutex` to print our `Vec`." -msgstr "" -"* `v` é agrupado em ambos `Arc` e `Mutex`, porque seus interesses são ortogonais.\n" -" * Envolver um `Mutex` em um `Arc` é um padrão comum para compartilhar o estado mutável entre threads.\n" -"* `v: Arc<_>` precisa ser clonado como `v2` antes que possa ser movido para outro thread. Note que `move` foi adicionado à " -"assinatura lambda.\n" -"* Os blocos são introduzidos para restringir o escopo do `LockGuard` tanto quanto possível.\n" -"* Ainda precisamos adquirir o `Mutex` para imprimir nosso `Vec`." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1 -msgid "# `Send` and `Sync`" -msgstr "# `Send` e `Sync`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3 -msgid "How does Rust know to forbid shared access across thread? The answer is in two traits:" -msgstr "Como o Rust sabe proibir o acesso compartilhado entre threads? A resposta está em duas características:" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:5 -msgid "" -"* [`Send`][1]: a type `T` is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread\n" -" boundary.\n" -"* [`Sync`][2]: a type `T` is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread\n" -" boundary." -msgstr "" -"* [`Send`][1]: um tipo `T` é `Send` se for seguro mover um `T` entre _threads_\n" -"* [`Sync`][2]: um tipo `T` é `Sync` se for seguro mover um `&T` entre _threads_" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:10 -msgid "" -"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits][3]. The compiler will automatically derive them for your types\n" -"as long as they only contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when you\n" -"know it is valid." -msgstr "" -"`Send` e `Sync` são [`unsafe traits`][3]. O compilador os derivará automaticamente para seus tipos\n" -"desde que contenham apenas os tipos `Send` e `Sync`. Você também pode implementá-los manualmente quando\n" -"souber que são válidos." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:14 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html\n" -"[3]: ../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html\n" -"[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html\n" -"[3]: ../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:20 -msgid "" -"* One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-safety properties.\n" -"* They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits.\n" -" \n" -"" -msgstr "" -"* Pode-se pensar nesses _traits_ como marcadores de que o tipo possui certas propriedades de segurança de " -"_threads_.\n" -"* Eles podem ser usados nas restrições genéricas como _traits_ normais.\n" -" \n" -"" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1 -msgid "# `Send`" -msgstr "# `Send`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3 -msgid "> A type `T` is [`Send`][1] if it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread." -msgstr "> Um tipo `T` é [`Send`][1] se for seguro mover um valor `T` para outro _thread_." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5 -msgid "" -"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will run\n" -"in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one thread\n" -"and deallocate it in another." -msgstr "" -"O efeito de mover a propriedade (ownership) para outro _thread_ é que os _destructors_ serão executados\n" -"nessa _thread_. Então a questão é: quando você pode alocar um valor em um _thread_\n" -"e desalocá-lo em outro?" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:9 -msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html" -msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1 -msgid "# `Sync`" -msgstr "# `Sync`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3 -msgid "" -"> A type `T` is [`Sync`][1] if it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple\n" -"> threads at the same time." -msgstr "" -"> Um tipo `T` é [`Sync`][1] se for seguro acessar um valor `T` de várias\n" -"> threads ao mesmo tempo." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6 -msgid "More precisely, the definition is:" -msgstr "Mais precisamente, a definição é:" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8 -msgid "> `T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`" -msgstr "> `T` é `Sync` se e somente se `&T` é `Send`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:10 -msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html" -msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14 -msgid "" -"This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-" -"safe to pass references of it across threads." -msgstr "" -"Essa instrução é essencialmente uma maneira abreviada de dizer que, se um tipo é _thread-safe_ para uso compartilhado, também " -"é _thread-safe_ passar referências a ele entre _threads_." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:16 -msgid "" -"This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across multiple threads without the risk of data races or " -"other synchronization issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type is also safe to move to " -"another thread, because the data it references can be accessed from any thread safely." -msgstr "" -"Isso ocorre porque, se um tipo for `Sync`, significa que ele pode ser compartilhado entre vários _threads_ sem o risco de " -"corridas de dados ou outros problemas de sincronização, portanto, é seguro movê-lo para outro _thread_. Uma referência " -"ao tipo também é segura para mover para outro _thread_, porque os dados a que ela faz referência podem ser acessados de " -"qualquer _thread_ com segurança." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1 -msgid "# Examples" -msgstr "# Exemplos" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3 -msgid "## `Send + Sync`" -msgstr "## `Send + Sync`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5 -msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:" -msgstr "A maioria dos tipos que você encontra são `Send + Sync`:" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7 -msgid "" -"* `i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ...\n" -"* `(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ...\n" -"* `String`, `Option`, `Vec`, `Box`, ...\n" -"* `Arc`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count.\n" -"* `Mutex`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking.\n" -"* `AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions." -msgstr "" -"* `i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ...\n" -"* `(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ...\n" -"* `String`, `Option`, `Vec`, `Box`, ...\n" -"* `Arc`: Explicitamente _thread-safe_ via contagem de referência atômica.\n" -"* `Mutex`: Explicitamente _thread-safe_ via bloqueio interno.\n" -"* `AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Usa instruções atômicas especiais." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14 -msgid "" -"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are\n" -"`Send + Sync`." -msgstr "" -"Os tipos genéricos são tipicamente `Send + Sync` quando os parâmetros de tipo são\n" -"`Send + Sync`." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17 -msgid "## `Send + !Sync`" -msgstr "## `Send + !Sync`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19 -msgid "" -"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe.\n" -"Typically because of interior mutability:" -msgstr "" -"Esses tipos podem ser movidos para outras _threads_, mas não são seguros para _threads_.\n" -"Normalmente por causa da mutabilidade interior:" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22 -msgid "" -"* `mpsc::Sender`\n" -"* `mpsc::Receiver`\n" -"* `Cell`\n" -"* `RefCell`" -msgstr "" -"* `mpsc::Sender`\n" -"* `mpsc::Receiver`\n" -"* `Cell`\n" -"* `RefCell`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27 -msgid "## `!Send + Sync`" -msgstr "## `!Send + Sync`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29 -msgid "These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:" -msgstr "Esses tipos são _thread-safe_, mas não podem ser movidos para outro _thread_:" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31 -msgid "" -"* `MutexGuard`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on the\n" -" thread which created them." -msgstr "" -"* `MutexGuard`: Usa primitivas a nível de sistema operacional que devem ser desalocadas no\n" -" _thread_ que as criou." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34 -msgid "## `!Send + !Sync`" -msgstr "## `!Send + !Sync`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36 -msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:" -msgstr "Esses tipos não são _thread-safe_ e não podem ser movidos para outros _threads_:" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38 -msgid "" -"* `Rc`: each `Rc` has a reference to an `RcBox`, which contains a\n" -" non-atomic reference count.\n" -"* `*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special\n" -" concurrency considerations." -msgstr "" -"* `Rc`: cada `Rc` tem uma referência a um `RcBox`, que contém uma\n" -" contagem de referência não atômica.\n" -"* `*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assume que ponteiros brutos podem ter\n" -" considerações de especiais de concorrência." - -#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:1 src/exercises/day-4/afternoon.md:1 -msgid "# Exercises" -msgstr "# Exercícios" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:3 -msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with" -msgstr "Vamos praticar nossas novas habilidades de concorrência com:" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:5 -msgid "* Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency." -msgstr "* _Dining philosophers_: um problema clássico em concorrência." - -#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:7 -msgid "" -"* Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to\n" -" download dependencies and then check links in parallel." -msgstr "" -"* Verificador de link _multi-threads_: um projeto maior no qual você usará o Cargo para\n" -" baixar as dependências e também verificar os links em paralelo." - -#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:1 -msgid "# Dining Philosophers" -msgstr "# Filósofos jantando" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:3 -msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:" -msgstr "O problema dos filósofos jantando é um problema clássico em concorrência:" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:5 -msgid "" -"> Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has their\n" -"> own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish served is\n" -"> a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each philosopher can\n" -"> only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can only eat their\n" -"> spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two forks will only\n" -"> be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, not eating. After\n" -"> an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put down both forks." -msgstr "" -"> Cinco filósofos jantam juntos na mesma mesa. Cada folósofo tem seu\n" -"> próprio lugar à mesa. Há um garfo entre cada prato. O prato servido é\n" -"> uma espécie de espaguete que se come com dois garfos. Cada filósofo pode\n" -"> somente pensar ou comer, alternadamente. Além disso, um filósofo só pode comer seu\n" -"> espaguete quando ele têm garfo esquerdo e direito. Assim, dois garfos só\n" -"> estarão disponíveis quando seus dois vizinhos mais próximos estiverem pensando, não comendo. Depois de\n" -"> um filósofo individual termina de comer, ele abaixa os dois garfos." - -#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:13 -msgid "" -"You will need a local [Cargo installation][../../cargo/running-locally.md] for\n" -"this exercise. Copy the code below to `src/main.rs` file, fill out the blanks,\n" -"and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:" -msgstr "" -"Você precisará de uma [instalação do Cargo][../../cargo/running-locally.md] local para\n" -"esse exercício. Copie o código abaixo para o arquivo `src/main.rs`, preencha os espaços em branco,\n" -"e teste se `cargo run` não trava:" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:17 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" -"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;" -msgstr "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" -"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:23 src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:28 -msgid "struct Fork;" -msgstr "struct Garfo;" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:25 -msgid "" -"struct Philosopher {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" // left_fork: ...\n" -" // right_fork: ...\n" -" // thoughts: ...\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"struct Filosofo {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" // garfo_esquerda: ...\n" -" // garfo_direita: ...\n" -" // pensamentos: ...\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:32 -msgid "" -"impl Philosopher {\n" -" fn think(&self) {\n" -" self.thoughts\n" -" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"impl Filosofo {\n" -" fn pensa(&self) {\n" -" self.pensamento\n" -" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} tem uma nova ideia!\", &self.nome))\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:39 -msgid "" -" fn eat(&self) {\n" -" // Pick up forks...\n" -" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" -" }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" fn come(&self) {\n" -" // Pegar garfos...\n" -" println!(\"{} está comendo...\", &self.nome);\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:46 src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:60 -msgid "" -"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" -" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];" -msgstr "" -"static FILOSOFOS: &[&str] =\n" -"&[\"Sócrates\", \"Platão\", \"Aristóteles\", \"Tales\", \"Pitágoras\"];" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:49 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" // Create forks" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" // Criar garfos" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:52 -msgid " // Create philosophers" -msgstr " // Criar filosofos" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:54 -msgid " // Make them think and eat" -msgstr " // Faça-os pensar e comer" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:56 -msgid "" -" // Output their thoughts\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -" // Mostrar seus pensamentos\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:1 -msgid "# Multi-threaded Link Checker" -msgstr "# Verificador de links _multi-threads_" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:3 -msgid "" -"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It should\n" -"start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It should\n" -"recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this until all\n" -"pages have been validated." -msgstr "" -"Vamos usar nosso novo conhecimento para criar um verificador de links _multi-threads_. \n" -"Comece em uma página da web e verifique se os links na página são válidos. \n" -"Verifique recursivamente outras páginas no mesmo domínio e continue fazendo isso até que todas\n" -"as páginas tenham sido validadas." - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:8 -msgid "" -"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`][1]. Create a new\n" -"Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:" -msgstr "" -"Para isso, você precisará de um cliente HTTP como [`reqwest`][1]. Crie um novo\n" -"Project com o Cargo e adicione `reqwest` como uma dependência:" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:11 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo new link-checker\n" -"$ cd link-checker\n" -"$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo new link-checker\n" -"$ cd link-checker\n" -"$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:17 -msgid "" -"> If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the\n" -"> `Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below." -msgstr "" -"> Se `cargo add` falhar com `error: no such subcommand`, edite o\n" -"> arquivo `Cargo.toml` à mão. Adicione as dependências listadas abaixo." - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:20 -msgid "You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`][2] for that:" -msgstr "Você também precisará de uma maneira de encontrar links. Podemos usar [`scraper`][2] para isso:" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:22 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo add scraper\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo add scraper\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:26 -msgid "" -"Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`][3] for\n" -"that:" -msgstr "" -"Por fim, precisaremos de alguma forma de lidar com os erros. Usamos [`thiserror`][3] para\n" -"isso:" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:29 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo add thiserror\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo add thiserror\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:33 -msgid "The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:" -msgstr "As chamadas `cargo add` irão atualizar o arquivo `Cargo.toml` para ficar assim:" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:35 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[dependencies]\n" -"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-tls\"] }\n" -"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n" -"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```toml\n" -"[dependências]\n" -"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-tls\"] }\n" -"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n" -"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:42 -msgid "" -"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as\n" -"`https://www.google.org/`." -msgstr "" -"Agora você pode baixar a página inicial. Tente com um pequeno site como\n" -"`https://www.google.org/`." - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:45 -msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:" -msgstr "Seu arquivo `src/main.rs` deve se parecer com isto:" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:47 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use reqwest::blocking::{get, Response};\n" -"use reqwest::Url;\n" -"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n" -"use thiserror::Error;" -msgstr "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use reqwest::blocking::{get, Response};\n" -"use reqwest::Url;\n" -"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n" -"use thiserror::Error;" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:53 -msgid "" -"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n" -"enum Error {\n" -" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n" -" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n" -"enum Error{\n" -" #[error(\"erro de solicitação: {0}\")]\n" -" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:59 -msgid "" -"fn extract_links(response: Response) -> Result, Error> {\n" -" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n" -" let document = response.text()?;\n" -" let html = Html::parse_document(&document);\n" -" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();" -msgstr "" -"fn extract_links(response: Response) -> Result, Error> {\n" -" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n" -" let document = response.text()?;\n" -" let html = Html::parse_document(&document);\n" -" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:65 -msgid "" -" let mut valid_urls = Vec::new();\n" -" for element in html.select(&selector) {\n" -" if let Some(href) = element.value().attr(\"href\") {\n" -" match base_url.join(href) {\n" -" Ok(url) => valid_urls.push(url),\n" -" Err(err) => {\n" -" println!(\"On {base_url}: could not parse {href:?}: {err} (ignored)\",);\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" let mut valid_urls = Vec::new();\n" -" for element in html.select(&selector) {\n" -" if let Some(href) = element.value().attr(\"href\") {\n" -" match base_url.join(href) {\n" -" Ok(url) => valid_urls.push(url),\n" -" Err(err) => {\n" -" println!(\"Em {base_url}: não foi possível analisar {href:?}: {err} (ignorado)\",);\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:77 -msgid "" -" Ok(valid_urls)\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" Ok(valid_urls)\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:80 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n" -" let response = get(start_url).unwrap();\n" -" match extract_links(response) {\n" -" Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n" -" let response = get(start_url).unwrap();\n" -" match extract_links(response) {\n" -" Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Não foi possível extrair os links: {err:#}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:90 -msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with" -msgstr "Execute o código em `src/main.rs` com" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:92 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:96 -msgid "## Tasks" -msgstr "## Tarefas" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:98 -msgid "" -"* Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a\n" -" channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel.\n" -"* Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the\n" -" `www.google.org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you\n" -" don't end up being blocked by the site." -msgstr "" -"* Use _threads_ para verificar os links em paralelo: envie as URLs a serem verificadas para um\n" -" _channel_ e deixe alguns _threads_ verificarem as URLs em paralelo.\n" -"* Estenda isso para extrair recursivamente links de todas as páginas no\n" -" domínio `www.google.org`. Coloque um limite máximo de 100 páginas ou menos para que você\n" -" não acabe sendo bloqueado pelo site." - -#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:104 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://docs.rs/reqwest/\n" -"[2]: https://docs.rs/scraper/\n" -"[3]: https://docs.rs/thiserror/" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://docs.rs/reqwest/\n" -"[2]: https://docs.rs/scraper/\n" -"[3]: https://docs.rs/thiserror/" #: src/android.md:1 -msgid "# Android" -msgstr "# Android" +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Welcome to Rust in Android" +msgstr "# Bem-vindo ao Dia 1" #: src/android.md:3 msgid "" @@ -14170,6 +10895,18 @@ msgstr "" "você pode escrever novos serviços de sistema operacional em Rust, bem como estender\n" "serviços existentes." +#: src/android.md:7 +msgid "" +"> We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to\n" +"> find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code to\n" +"> Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something that\n" +"> parses some raw bytes would be ideal." +msgstr "" +"> Tentaremos chamar Rust de um de seus próprios projetos hoje. Então tente\n" +"> encontrar um pequeno canto da sua base de código onde podemos mover algumas linhas de código para\n" +"> Rust. Quanto menos dependências e tipos \"exóticos\", melhor. Algo que\n" +"> analise alguns bytes brutos seria o ideal." + #: src/android/setup.md:1 msgid "# Setup" msgstr "# Configurar" @@ -14279,15 +11016,11 @@ msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:18 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust\n" -"//! Rust demo." -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"//! Demonstração de Rust." - -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:21 -msgid "" +"//! Rust demo.\n" +"\n" "/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n" @@ -14305,10 +11038,11 @@ msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:" msgstr "Agora você pode compilar, enviar e executar o binário:" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:29 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "$ m hello_rust\n" -"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\n" +"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\"\n" "$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n" "Hello from Rust!\n" "```" @@ -14342,11 +11076,8 @@ msgstr "" "* `libtextwrap`, que é um `crate` já vendida em\n" " [`external/rust/crates/`][crates]." -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:11 -msgid "[crates]: https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/crates/" -msgstr "[crates]: https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/crates/" - #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:15 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```javascript\n" "rust_binary {\n" @@ -14358,7 +11089,14 @@ msgid "" " \"libtextwrap\",\n" " ],\n" " prefer_rlib: true,\n" -"}" +"}\n" +"\n" +"rust_library {\n" +" name: \"libgreetings\",\n" +" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "rust_binary {\n" @@ -14372,40 +11110,15 @@ msgstr "" " prefer_rlib: true,\n" "}" -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:27 -msgid "" -"rust_library {\n" -" name: \"libgreetings\",\n" -" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"rust_library {\n" -" name: \"libgreetings\",\n" -" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" - #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:36 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Rust demo." -msgstr "" -"```rust, ignore\n" -"//! Demonstração de rust." - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:39 -msgid "" +"//! Rust demo.\n" +"\n" "use greetings::greeting;\n" -"use textwrap::fill;" -msgstr "" -"use greetings::greeting;\n" -"use textwrap::fill;" - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:42 -msgid "" +"use textwrap::fill;\n" +"\n" "/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n" @@ -14423,15 +11136,11 @@ msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:" msgstr "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:50 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Greeting library." -msgstr "" -"```rust, ignore\n" -"//! Biblioteca de Saudação." - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:53 -msgid "" +"//! Greeting library.\n" +"\n" "/// Greet `name`.\n" "pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n" " format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n" @@ -14449,10 +11158,11 @@ msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:" msgstr "Você constrói, envia e executa o binário como antes:" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:61 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "$ m hello_rust_with_dep\n" -"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/tmp\n" +"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/tmp\"\n" "$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n" "Hello Bob, it is very\n" "nice to meet you!\n" @@ -14497,16 +11207,12 @@ msgstr "Você declara a API do seu serviço usando uma interface AIDL:" msgid "*birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl*:" msgstr "*birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl*:" -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:7 src/android/aidl/changing.md:6 +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:7 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```java\n" -"package com.example.birthdayservice;" -msgstr "" -"```java\n" -"package com.example.birthdayservice;" - -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:10 -msgid "" +"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" +"\n" "/** Birthday service interface. */\n" "interface IBirthdayService {\n" " /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n" @@ -14557,8 +11263,7 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the vendor\n" "partition." -msgstr "" -"Adicione `vendor_available: true` se seu arquivo AIDL for usado por um binário na partição _vendor_." +msgstr "Adicione `vendor_available: true` se seu arquivo AIDL for usado por um binário na partição _vendor_." #: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:1 msgid "# Service Implementation" @@ -14577,27 +11282,13 @@ msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" -msgstr "" -"```rust, ignore\n" -"//! Implementação da interface AIDL `IBirthdayService`.\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" - -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:12 -msgid "" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" +"\n" "/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n" -"pub struct BirthdayService;" -msgstr "" -"/// A implementação `IBirthdayService`.\n" -"pub struct BirthdayService;" - -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:15 -msgid "impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}" -msgstr "impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}" - -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:17 -msgid "" +"pub struct BirthdayService;\n" +"\n" +"impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n" +"\n" "impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n" " fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::Result {\n" " Ok(format!(\n" @@ -14607,16 +11298,9 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n" -" fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::Result {\n" -" Ok(format!(\n" -" \"Feliz Aniversário {name}, parabéns pelos {years} anos!\"\n" -" ))\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:26 src/android/aidl/server.md:28 src/android/aidl/client.md:37 +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:26 src/android/aidl/server.md:28 +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:37 msgid "*birthday_service/Android.bp*:" msgstr "*birthday_service/Android.bp*:" @@ -14659,25 +11343,16 @@ msgid "*birthday_service/src/server.rs*:" msgstr "*birthday_service/src/server.rs*:" #: src/android/aidl/server.md:7 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Birthday service.\n" "use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" -msgstr "" -"```rust, ignore\n" -"//! Serviço de aniversário.\n" -"use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" - -#: src/android/aidl/server.md:13 src/android/aidl/client.md:12 -msgid "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";" -msgstr "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";" - -#: src/android/aidl/server.md:15 -msgid "" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" +"\n" +"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" +"\n" "/// Entry point for birthday service.\n" "fn main() {\n" " let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n" @@ -14743,10 +11418,11 @@ msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:" msgstr "Agora podemos construir, enviar e iniciar o serviço:" #: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:5 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "$ m birthday_server\n" -"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/tmp\n" +"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/tmp\"\n" "$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n" "```" msgstr "" @@ -14821,27 +11497,15 @@ msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Birthday service.\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" -msgstr "" -"```rust, ignore\n" -"//! Serviço de aniversário.\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" - -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:14 -msgid "" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" +"\n" +"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" +"\n" "/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n" "pub fn connect() -> Result, binder::StatusCode> {\n" " binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"/// Conecte-se ao Serviço de Aniversário.\n" -"pub fn connect() -> Result, binder::StatusCode> {\n" -" binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n" -"}" - -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:19 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "/// Call the birthday service.\n" "fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n" " let name = std::env::args()\n" @@ -14850,20 +11514,8 @@ msgid "" " let years = std::env::args()\n" " .nth(2)\n" " .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::().ok())\n" -" .unwrap_or(42);" -msgstr "" -"/// Chamada ao serviço de aniversário.\n" -"fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n" -" let name = std::env::args()\n" -" .nth(1)\n" -" .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n" -" let years = std::env::args()\n" -" .nth(2)\n" -" .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::().ok())\n" -" .unwrap_or(42);" - -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:29 -msgid "" +" .unwrap_or(42);\n" +"\n" " binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n" " let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to BirthdayService\");\n" " let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n" @@ -14872,13 +11524,6 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n" -" let service = connect().expect(\"Falha ao conectar ao BirthdayService\");\n" -" let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n" -" println!(\"{msg}\");\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/android/aidl/client.md:39 msgid "" @@ -14917,10 +11562,11 @@ msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:" msgstr "Crie, envie e execute o cliente em seu dispositivo:" #: src/android/aidl/client.md:56 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "$ m birthday_client\n" -"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/tmp\n" +"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/tmp\"\n" "$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n" "Happy Birthday Charlie, congratulations with the 60 years!\n" "```" @@ -14944,8 +11590,12 @@ msgstr "" "Vamos estender a API com mais funcionalidades: queremos permitir que os clientes especifiquem uma\n" "lista de linhas para o cartão de aniversário:" -#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:9 +#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:6 +#, fuzzy msgid "" +"```java\n" +"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" +"\n" "/** Birthday service interface. */\n" "interface IBirthdayService {\n" " /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n" @@ -14960,7 +11610,7 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/android/logging.md:1 +#: src/android/logging.md:1 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:1 msgid "# Logging" msgstr "# Gerando registros (Log)" @@ -15011,19 +11661,13 @@ msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:" msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:" #: src/android/logging.md:24 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Rust logging demo." -msgstr "" -"```rust, ignore\n" -"//! Demonstração de registro de rust." - -#: src/android/logging.md:27 -msgid "use log::{debug, error, info};" -msgstr "use log::{debug, error, info};" - -#: src/android/logging.md:29 -msgid "" +"//! Rust logging demo.\n" +"\n" +"use log::{debug, error, info};\n" +"\n" "/// Logs a greeting.\n" "fn main() {\n" " logger::init(\n" @@ -15050,15 +11694,17 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/android/logging.md:42 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:98 src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:73 +#: src/android/logging.md:42 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:98 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:73 msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:" msgstr "Crie, envie e execute o binário em seu dispositivo:" #: src/android/logging.md:44 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "$ m hello_rust_logs\n" -"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/tmp\n" +"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/tmp\"\n" "$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n" "```" msgstr "" @@ -15133,19 +11779,13 @@ msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:" msgstr "Você pode fazer isso manualmente se quiser:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:8 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust\n" "extern \"C\" {\n" " fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"extern \"C\" {\n" -" fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n" -"}" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:13 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x = -42;\n" " let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n" @@ -15201,12 +11841,16 @@ msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:" msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:10 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```c\n" "typedef struct card {\n" " const char* name;\n" " int years;\n" -"} card;" +"} card;\n" +"\n" +"void print_card(const card* card);\n" +"```" msgstr "" "```c\n" "typedef struct card {\n" @@ -15214,30 +11858,17 @@ msgstr "" " int years;\n" "} card;" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:16 -msgid "" -"void print_card(const card* card);\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"void print_card(const card* card);\n" -"```" - #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:19 msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:" msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:21 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```c\n" "#include \n" -"#include \"libbirthday.h\"" -msgstr "" -"```c\n" -"#include \n" - "#include \"libbirthday.h\"" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:25 -msgid "" +"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" +"\n" "void print_card(const card* card) {\n" " printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" " printf(\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\", card->name);\n" @@ -15258,8 +11889,10 @@ msgstr "" msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:" msgstr "Adicione isto ao seu arquivo `Android.bp`:" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55 -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:108 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:108 msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:" msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:" @@ -15354,19 +11987,13 @@ msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:" msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:81 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" -"//! Bindgen demo." -msgstr "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"//! Demonstração do Bingen." - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:84 -msgid "use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};" -msgstr "use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:86 -msgid "" +"//! Bindgen demo.\n" +"\n" +"use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n" " let card = card {\n" @@ -15392,10 +12019,11 @@ msgstr "" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:100 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "$ m print_birthday_card\n" -"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/tmp\n" +"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/tmp\"\n" "$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n" "```" msgstr "" @@ -15458,21 +12086,14 @@ msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_" msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:7 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "//! Rust FFI demo.\n" -"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"//! Demonstração de uso do FFI com Rust.\n" -"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:11 -msgid "use std::os::raw::c_int;" -msgstr "use std::os::raw::c_int;" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:13 -msgid "" +"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n" +"\n" +"use std::os::raw::c_int;\n" +"\n" "/// Analyze the numbers.\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n" @@ -15500,33 +12121,23 @@ msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_" msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:26 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```c\n" "#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n" -"#define ANALYSE_H" -msgstr "" -"```c\n" -"#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n" -"#define ANALYSE_H" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:30 -msgid "" +"#define ANALYSE_H\n" +"\n" "extern \"C\" {\n" "void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n" -"}" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#endif\n" +"```" msgstr "" "extern \"C\" {\n" "void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n" "}" -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:34 -msgid "" -"#endif\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"#endif\n" -"```" - #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:37 msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_" msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_" @@ -15560,15 +12171,11 @@ msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_" msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analisar/main.c_" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:52 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```c\n" -"#include \"analyze.h\"" -msgstr "" -"```c\n" -"#include \"analyze.h\"" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:55 -msgid "" +"#include \"analyze.h\"\n" +"\n" "int main() {\n" " analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n" " analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n" @@ -15606,10 +12213,11 @@ msgstr "" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:75 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "$ m analyze_numbers\n" -"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/tmp\n" +"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/tmp\"\n" "$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n" "```" msgstr "" @@ -15651,14 +12259,6 @@ msgstr "" msgid "See the [CXX tutorial][2] for an full example of using this." msgstr "Veja o [tutorial CXX][2] para um exemplo completo de como usá-lo." -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:12 -msgid "" -"[1]: https://cxx.rs/\n" -"[2]: https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html" -msgstr "" -"[1]: https://cxx.rs/\n" -"[2]: https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html" - #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:1 msgid "# Interoperability with Java" msgstr "# Interoperabilidade com Java" @@ -15682,25 +12282,15 @@ msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:" msgstr "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:11 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" -"//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo." -msgstr "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"//! Demonstração FFI Rust <-> Java." - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:14 -msgid "" +"//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n" +"\n" "use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n" "use jni::sys::jstring;\n" -"use jni::JNIEnv;" -msgstr "" -"use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n" -"use jni::sys::jstring;\n" -"use jni::JNIEnv;" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:18 -msgid "" +"use jni::JNIEnv;\n" +"\n" "/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n" @@ -15729,7 +12319,8 @@ msgstr "" "}\n" "```" -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:32 src/android/interoperability/java.md:62 +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:32 +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:62 msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:" msgstr "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:" @@ -15762,27 +12353,16 @@ msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:" msgstr "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:47 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```java\n" "class HelloWorld {\n" -" private static native String hello(String name);" -msgstr "" -"```java\n" -"classe HelloWorld{\n" -" private static native String hello(String name);" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:51 -msgid "" +" private static native String hello(String name);\n" +"\n" " static {\n" " System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" static {\n" -" System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n" -" }" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:55 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " public static void main(String[] args) {\n" " String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n" " System.out.println(output);\n" @@ -15835,23 +12415,31 @@ msgstr "" "$ adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n" "```" -#: src/exercises/day-4/afternoon.md:3 +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:1 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:1 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:1 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:1 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:1 +msgid "# Exercises" +msgstr "# Exercícios" + +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:3 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"For the last exercise, we will look at one of the projects you work with. Let us\n" -"group up and do this together. Some suggestions:" +"This is a group exercise: We will look at one of the projects you work with and\n" +"try to integrate some Rust into it. Some suggestions:" msgstr "" "No último exercício, veremos um dos projetos com os quais você trabalha. Chamem-nos\n" "agrupem-se e façam isso juntos. Algumas sugestões:" -#: src/exercises/day-4/afternoon.md:6 -msgid "* Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust." -msgstr "* Chame seu serviço AIDL com um cliente escrito em Rust." - -#: src/exercises/day-4/afternoon.md:8 -msgid "* Move a function from your project to Rust and call it." +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:6 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"* Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust.\n" +"\n" +"* Move a function from your project to Rust and call it." msgstr "* Mova uma função do seu projeto para o Rust e chame-a." -#: src/exercises/day-4/afternoon.md:12 +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:12 msgid "" "No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone in\n" "the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly." @@ -15859,6 +12447,5209 @@ msgstr "" "Nenhuma solução é fornecida aqui, pois isso é aberto: depende de você ter\n" "uma classe tendo um pedaço de código que você pode transformar em Rust em tempo real." +#: src/bare-metal.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Welcome to Bare Metal Rust" +msgstr "# Bem-vindo ao Comprehensive Rust 🦀" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:3 +msgid "" +"This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people who are familiar with the\n" +"basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the Comprehensive Rust course), and ideally also have some\n" +"experience with bare-metal programming in some other language such as C." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:7 +msgid "" +"Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS underneath us. This will\n" +"be divided into several parts:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:10 +msgid "" +"- What is `no_std` Rust?\n" +"- Writing firmware for microcontrollers.\n" +"- Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors.\n" +"- Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:15 +msgid "" +"For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) v2\n" +"as an example. It's a [development board](https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/) based on the Nordic\n" +"nRF51822 microcontroller with some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected accelerometer and compass, and\n" +"an on-board SWD debugger." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:20 +msgid "To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:22 +msgid "" +"```bash\n" +"sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gdb-multiarch libudev-dev picocom pkg-config qemu-system-arm\n" +"rustup update\n" +"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n" +"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n" +"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:30 +msgid "And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:32 +msgid "" +"```bash\n" +"echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"usb\", ATTR{idVendor}==\"0d28\", MODE=\"0664\", GROUP=\"plugdev\"' |\\\n" +" sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/50-microbit.rules\n" +"sudo udevadm control --reload-rules\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:38 +msgid "On MacOS:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:40 +msgid "" +"```bash\n" +"xcode-select --install\n" +"brew install gdb picocom qemu\n" +"brew install --cask gcc-aarch64-embedded\n" +"rustup update\n" +"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n" +"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n" +"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:1 +msgid "# `no_std`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:3 +msgid "" +"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:7 +msgid "`core`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:9 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:14 +msgid "" +"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:12 +msgid "`alloc`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:17 +msgid "`std`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:19 +msgid "" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:24 +msgid "" +"* Slices, `&str`, `CStr`\n" +"* `NonZeroU8`...\n" +"* `Option`, `Result`\n" +"* `Display`, `Debug`, `write!`...\n" +"* `Iterator`\n" +"* `panic!`, `assert_eq!`...\n" +"* `NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions\n" +"* `Future` and `async`/`await`\n" +"* `fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`...\n" +"* `Duration`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:35 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:42 +msgid "" +"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:38 +msgid "" +"* `Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`\n" +"* `Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`\n" +"* `String`, `CString`, `format!`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:45 +msgid "" +"* `Error`\n" +"* `HashMap`\n" +"* `Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`\n" +"* `File` and the rest of `fs`\n" +"* `println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`\n" +"* `Path`, `OsString`\n" +"* `net`\n" +"* `Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`\n" +"* `spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`\n" +"* `SystemTime`, `Instant`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:56 +msgid "" +"
\n" +"\n" +"
" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:62 +msgid "" +"* `HashMap` depends on RNG.\n" +"* `std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:1 +msgid "# A minimal `no_std` program" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:3 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" +"\n" +"#[panic_handler]\n" +"fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:17 +msgid "" +"* This will compile to an empty binary.\n" +"* `std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own.\n" +"* It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`.\n" +"* Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` to avoid an error about\n" +" `eh_personality`.\n" +"* Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to define your own entry\n" +" point. This will typically involve a linker script and some assembly code to set things up ready\n" +" for Rust code to run." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:1 +msgid "# `alloc`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:3 +msgid "" +"To use `alloc` you must implement a\n" +"[global (heap) allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate alloc;\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"use alloc::string::ToString;\n" +"use alloc::vec::Vec;\n" +"use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n" +"\n" +"#[global_allocator]\n" +"static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n" +"\n" +"static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n" +"\n" +"pub fn entry() {\n" +" // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called once.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n" +" HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n" +" .lock()\n" +" .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n" +" let mut v = Vec::new();\n" +" v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:39 +msgid "" +"* `buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator. Other\n" +" crates are available, or you can write your own or hook into your existing allocator.\n" +"* The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i.e. in this case it can\n" +" allocate regions of up to 2**32 bytes.\n" +"* If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have exactly one global\n" +" allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in the top-level binary crate.\n" +"* `extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the `panic_halt` crate is linked in so\n" +" we get its panic handler.\n" +"* This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:1 +msgid "# Microcontrollers" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:3 +msgid "The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for Cortex M microcontrollers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"mod interrupts;\n" +"\n" +"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" +"\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:21 +msgid "Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of abstraction." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:25 +msgid "" +"* The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -> !`, because returning\n" +" to the reset handler doesn't make sense.\n" +"* Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:1 +msgid "# Raw MMIO" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:3 +msgid "" +"Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try turning on an LED on our\n" +"micro:bit:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"mod interrupts;\n" +"\n" +"use core::mem::size_of;\n" +"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" +"\n" +"/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n" +"const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;\n" +"\n" +"// GPIO peripheral offsets\n" +"const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;\n" +"const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;\n" +"const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;\n" +"\n" +"// PIN_CNF fields\n" +"const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;\n" +"const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;\n" +"const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;\n" +"const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;\n" +"const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;\n" +"\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" +" let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of::()) as *mut u32;\n" +" let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of::()) as *mut u32;\n" +" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, and\n" +" // no aliases exist.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(\n" +" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | SENSE_DISABLED,\n" +" );\n" +" pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(\n" +" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | SENSE_DISABLED,\n" +" );\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" +" let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;\n" +" let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;\n" +" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, and\n" +" // no aliases exist.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);\n" +" gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:64 +msgid "* GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin 28 to the first row." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:66 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:59 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:43 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:34 +msgid "Run the example with:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:68 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"cargo embed --bin mmio\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +"```" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:1 +msgid "# Peripheral Access Crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust wrappers for\n" +"memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html)\n" +"files." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" +"use nrf52833_pac::Peripherals;\n" +"\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" +" let gpio0 = p.P0;\n" +"\n" +" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" +" gpio0.pin_cnf[21].write(|w| {\n" +" w.dir().output();\n" +" w.input().disconnect();\n" +" w.pull().disabled();\n" +" w.drive().s0s1();\n" +" w.sense().disabled();\n" +" w\n" +" });\n" +" gpio0.pin_cnf[28].write(|w| {\n" +" w.dir().output();\n" +" w.input().disconnect();\n" +" w.pull().disabled();\n" +" w.drive().s0s1();\n" +" w.sense().disabled();\n" +" w\n" +" });\n" +"\n" +" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" +" gpio0.outclr.write(|w| w.pin28().clear());\n" +" gpio0.outset.write(|w| w.pin21().set());\n" +"\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:49 +msgid "" +"* SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by silicon vendors which\n" +" describe the memory map of the device.\n" +" * They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, descriptions, addresses\n" +" and so on.\n" +" * SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects which patch the\n" +" mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated crates.\n" +"* `cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things.\n" +"* If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run\n" +" `cargo objdump --bin pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting binary." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:61 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"cargo embed --bin pac\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +"```" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:1 +msgid "# HAL crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:3 +msgid "" +"[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-implementation-crates) for\n" +"many microcontrollers provide wrappers around various peripherals. These generally implement traits\n" +"from [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" +"use nrf52833_hal::gpio::{p0, Level};\n" +"use nrf52833_hal::pac::Peripherals;\n" +"use nrf52833_hal::prelude::*;\n" +"\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" // Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n" +" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n" +"\n" +" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" +" let mut col1 = gpio0.p0_28.into_push_pull_output(Level::High);\n" +" let mut row1 = gpio0.p0_21.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n" +"\n" +" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" +" col1.set_low().unwrap();\n" +" row1.set_high().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:39 +msgid "" +" * `set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` trait.\n" +" * HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP,\n" +" MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:45 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"cargo embed --bin hal\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +"```" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Board support crates" +msgstr "# Atalhos do teclado" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:3 +msgid "Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific board for convenience." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" +"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n" +"use microbit::Board;\n" +"\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" let mut board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" board.display_pins.col1.set_low().unwrap();\n" +" board.display_pins.row1.set_high().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:28 +msgid "" +" * In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, and a bit of\n" +" initialisation.\n" +" * The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of the microcontroller\n" +" itself.\n" +" * `microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:36 +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"cargo embed --bin board_support\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:1 +msgid "# The type state pattern" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:3 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" +" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n" +"\n" +" let pin: P0_01 = gpio0.p0_01;\n" +"\n" +" // let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n" +" let pin_input: P0_01> = pin.into_floating_input();\n" +" if pin_input.is_high().unwrap() {\n" +" // ...\n" +" }\n" +" let mut pin_output: P0_01> = pin_input\n" +" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, Level::Low);\n" +" pin_output.set_high().unwrap();\n" +" // pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n" +"\n" +" let _pin2: P0_02> = gpio0\n" +" .p0_02\n" +" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, Level::Low);\n" +" let _pin3: P0_03> = gpio0.p0_03.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n" +"\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:32 +msgid "" +" * Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can exist. Once a pin is\n" +" moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it.\n" +" * Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you can’t keep use the old\n" +" instance afterwards.\n" +" * The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, the configuration state\n" +" of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into the type system, and ensures that you don't\n" +" try to use a pin in a certain way without properly configuring it first. Illegal state\n" +" transitions are caught at compile time.\n" +" * You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, but not vice-versa.\n" +" * Many HAL crates follow this pattern." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:1 +msgid "# `embedded-hal`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a number of traits\n" +"covering common microcontroller peripherals." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:6 +msgid "" +" * GPIO\n" +" * ADC\n" +" * I2C, SPI, UART, CAN\n" +" * RNG\n" +" * Timers\n" +" * Watchdogs" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:13 +msgid "" +"Other crates then implement\n" +"[drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) in terms of these\n" +"traits, e.g. an accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:19 +msgid "" +" * There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other platforms such as Linux on\n" +"Raspberry Pi.\n" +" * There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it isn't stable yet." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:1 +msgid "# `probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:3 +msgid "" +"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, like OpenOCD but better\n" +"integrated." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6 +msgid "" +"* SWD and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes\n" +"* GDB stub and Microsoft DAP server\n" +"* Cargo integration" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:10 +msgid "" +"`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log\n" +"RTT output and connect GDB. It's configured by an\n" +"`Embed.toml` file in your project directory." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:16 +msgid "" +"* [CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is an Arm standard\n" +" protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the CoreSight Debug Access Port of various\n" +" Arm Cortex processors. It's what the on-board debugger on the BBC micro:bit uses.\n" +"* ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-Link is a range from\n" +" SEGGER.\n" +"* The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin Serial Wire Debug.\n" +"* probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you want to.\n" +"* The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-adapter-protocol/) lets\n" +" VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any supported microcontroller.\n" +"* cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library.\n" +"* RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the debug host and the target\n" +" through a number of ringbuffers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Debugging" +msgstr "# Gerando registros (Log)" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:3 +msgid "Embed.toml:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:5 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[default.general]\n" +"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n" +"\n" +"[debug.gdb]\n" +"enabled = true\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:13 +msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:15 +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"cargo embed --bin board_support debug\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:19 +#, fuzzy +msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:" +msgstr "Em outro terminal, verifique se o serviço é executado:" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:21 +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"gdb-multiarch target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/board_support --eval-command=\"target remote :1337\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:27 +msgid "In GDB, try running:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:29 +msgid "" +"```gdb\n" +"b src/bin/board_support.rs:29\n" +"b src/bin/board_support.rs:30\n" +"b src/bin/board_support.rs:32\n" +"c\n" +"c\n" +"c\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:1 +msgid "# Other projects" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:3 +msgid "" +" * [RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)\n" +" * \"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\"\n" +" * Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer queue\n" +" * [Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)\n" +" * `async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB\n" +" * [TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)\n" +" * Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection Unit support\n" +" * [Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)\n" +" * Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, unprivileged drivers, IPC\n" +" * [Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)\n" +" * Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g.\n" +" [esp-idf](https://esp-rs.github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:18 +msgid "" +" * RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework.\n" +" * It doesn't include any HALs.\n" +" * It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for scheduling rather than a\n" +" proper kernel.\n" +" * Cortex-M only.\n" +" * Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys.\n" +" * FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing applications." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:3 +msgid "We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a serial port." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Compass" +msgstr "# Comparação" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:3 +msgid "" +"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a serial port. If you have\n" +"time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or use the buttons somehow." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:6 +msgid "Hints:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:8 +msgid "" +"- Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/latest/lsm303agr/) and\n" +" [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/) crates, as well as the\n" +" [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/).\n" +"- The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C bus.\n" +"- TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM.\n" +"- The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::blocking::i2c::WriteRead`\n" +" trait. The\n" +" [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) struct\n" +" implements this.\n" +"- You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/struct.Board.html)\n" +" struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals.\n" +"- You can also look at the\n" +" [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi.com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but\n" +" it shouldn't be necessary for this exercise." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:23 +msgid "" +"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and look in the `compass`\n" +"directory for the following files." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:26 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:19 +#, fuzzy +msgid "`src/main.rs`:" +msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:28 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:21 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:17 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:55 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:11 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:30 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"use core::fmt::Write;\n" +"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" +"use microbit::{hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte}, Board};\n" +"\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" // Configure serial port.\n" +" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n" +" board.UARTE0,\n" +" board.uart.into(),\n" +" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n" +" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n" +" );\n" +"\n" +" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n" +" // TODO\n" +"\n" +" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" loop {\n" +" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n" +" // TODO\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:64 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:385 +msgid "`Cargo.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:66 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:387 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:63 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:35 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:60 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:17 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:68 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[workspace]\n" +"\n" +"[package]\n" +"name = \"compass\"\n" +"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" +"edition = \"2021\"\n" +"publish = false\n" +"\n" +"[dependencies]\n" +"cortex-m-rt = \"0.7.3\"\n" +"embedded-hal = \"0.2.6\"\n" +"lsm303agr = \"0.2.2\"\n" +"microbit-v2 = \"0.13.0\"\n" +"panic-halt = \"0.2.0\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:85 +msgid "`Embed.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:87 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:89 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[default.general]\n" +"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n" +"\n" +"[debug.gdb]\n" +"enabled = true\n" +"\n" +"[debug.reset]\n" +"halt_afterwards = true\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:100 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:985 +msgid "`.cargo/config.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:102 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:987 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:104 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[build]\n" +"target = \"thumbv7em-none-eabihf\" # Cortex-M4F\n" +"\n" +"[target.'cfg(all(target_arch = \"arm\", target_os = \"none\"))']\n" +"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Tlink.x\"]\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:112 +msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:114 +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/ttyACM0\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:118 +msgid "Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:120 +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/tty.usbmodem14502\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:124 +msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:1 +msgid "# Application processors" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:3 +msgid "" +"So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. Now let's try writing\n" +"something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work with QEMU's aarch64\n" +"['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/virt.html) board." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:9 +msgid "" +"* Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of privilege (exception\n" +" levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application processors do.\n" +"* QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for each architecture. The\n" +" 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real hardware, but is designed purely for\n" +" virtual machines." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:1 +msgid "# Inline assembly" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:3 +msgid "" +"Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with Rust code. For example,\n" +"to make an HVC to tell the firmware to power off the system:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"use core::arch::asm;\n" +"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" +"\n" +"mod exceptions;\n" +"\n" +"const PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF: u32 = 0x84000008;\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn main(_x0: u64, _x1: u64, _x2: u64, _x3: u64) {\n" +" // Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n" +" // anything with memory.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" asm!(\"hvc #0\",\n" +" inout(\"w0\") PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF => _,\n" +" inout(\"w1\") 0 => _,\n" +" inout(\"w2\") 0 => _,\n" +" inout(\"w3\") 0 => _,\n" +" inout(\"w4\") 0 => _,\n" +" inout(\"w5\") 0 => _,\n" +" inout(\"w6\") 0 => _,\n" +" inout(\"w7\") 0 => _,\n" +" options(nomem, nostack)\n" +" );\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:39 +msgid "(If you actually want to do this, use the [`smccc`][1] crate which has wrappers for all these functions.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:43 +msgid "" +"* PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of functions to manage system\n" +" and CPU power states, among other things. It is implemented by EL3 firmware and hypervisors on\n" +" many systems.\n" +"* The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the inline assembly code,\n" +" and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use `inout` rather than `in` because the call could\n" +" potentially clobber the contents of the registers.\n" +"* This `main` function needs to be `#[no_mangle]` and `extern \"C\"` because it is called from our\n" +" entry point in `entry.S`.\n" +"* `_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are conventionally used by the bootloader\n" +" to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. According to the standard aarch64 calling\n" +" convention (which is what `extern \"C\"` specifies to use), registers `x0`–`x7` are used for the\n" +" first 8 arguments passed to a function, so `entry.S` doesn't need to do anything special except\n" +" make sure it doesn't change these registers.\n" +"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:1 +msgid "# Volatile memory access for MMIO" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:3 +msgid "" +" * Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`.\n" +" * Never hold a reference.\n" +" * `addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an intermediate reference." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:9 +msgid "" +" * Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so prevent the compiler or\n" +" hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them.\n" +" * Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the compiler may assume that\n" +" the value read is the same as the value just written, and not bother actually reading memory.\n" +" * Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, but this is unsound.\n" +" Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to dereference it.\n" +" * Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to the struct." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:1 +msgid "# Let's write a UART driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:3 +msgid "The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011][1] UART, so let's write a driver for that." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n" +"const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n" +"const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n" +"\n" +"/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"pub struct Uart {\n" +" base_address: *mut u8,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Uart {\n" +" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n" +" /// given base address.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// # Safety\n" +" ///\n" +" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of a\n" +" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the process\n" +" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" +" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n" +" Self { base_address }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" +" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" +" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" +" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" // Write to the TX buffer.\n" +" self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" +" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n" +" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET).read_volatile() }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:55 +msgid "" +"* Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is because as long as the\n" +" caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety requirements are met (i.e. that there is only\n" +" ever one instance of the driver for a given UART, and nothing else aliasing its address space),\n" +" then it is always safe to call `write_byte` later because we can assume the necessary\n" +" preconditions.\n" +"* We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but `write_byte` unsafe), but that\n" +" would be much less convenient to use as every place that calls `write_byte` would need to reason\n" +" about the safety\n" +"* This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving the burden of proof for\n" +" soundness from a large number of places to a smaller number of places." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:66 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "
" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# More traits" +msgstr "# Traits (Características)" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:3 +msgid "We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more traits too." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n" +"\n" +"impl Write for Uart {\n" +" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n" +" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n" +" self.write_byte(*c);\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(())\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" +"// accessed from any context.\n" +"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:24 +msgid "" +"* Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with our `Uart` type.\n" +"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:1 +msgid "# A better UART driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:3 +msgid "" +"The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers][1], and adding offsets to construct pointers to access\n" +"them is error-prone and hard to read. Plus, some of them are bit fields which would be nice to\n" +"access in a structured way." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7 +msgid "" +"| Offset | Register name | Width |\n" +"| ------ | ------------- | ----- |\n" +"| 0x00 | DR | 12 |\n" +"| 0x04 | RSR | 4 |\n" +"| 0x18 | FR | 9 |\n" +"| 0x20 | ILPR | 8 |\n" +"| 0x24 | IBRD | 16 |\n" +"| 0x28 | FBRD | 6 |\n" +"| 0x2c | LCR_H | 8 |\n" +"| 0x30 | CR | 16 |\n" +"| 0x34 | IFLS | 6 |\n" +"| 0x38 | IMSC | 11 |\n" +"| 0x3c | RIS | 11 |\n" +"| 0x40 | MIS | 11 |\n" +"| 0x44 | ICR | 11 |\n" +"| 0x48 | DMACR | 3 |" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:26 +msgid "- There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:1 +msgid "# Bitflags" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:3 +msgid "The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for working with bitflags." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use bitflags::bitflags;\n" +"\n" +"bitflags! {\n" +" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n" +" #[repr(transparent)]\n" +" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" +" struct Flags: u16 {\n" +" /// Clear to send.\n" +" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n" +" /// Data set ready.\n" +" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n" +" /// Data carrier detect.\n" +" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n" +" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n" +" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n" +" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n" +" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n" +" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n" +" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n" +" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n" +" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n" +" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n" +" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n" +" /// Ring indicator.\n" +" const RI = 1 << 8;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:37 +msgid "" +"* The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along with a bunch of method\n" +" implementations to get and set flags." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:1 +msgid "# Multiple registers" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:3 +msgid "We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" +"struct Registers {\n" +" dr: u16,\n" +" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n" +" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n" +" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n" +" fr: Flags,\n" +" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n" +" ilpr: u8,\n" +" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" +" ibrd: u16,\n" +" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n" +" fbrd: u8,\n" +" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n" +" lcr_h: u8,\n" +" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n" +" cr: u16,\n" +" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n" +" ifls: u8,\n" +" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n" +" imsc: u16,\n" +" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n" +" ris: u16,\n" +" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n" +" mis: u16,\n" +" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n" +" icr: u16,\n" +" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n" +" dmacr: u8,\n" +" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:41 +msgid "" +"* [`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-representation) tells\n" +" the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, following the same rules as C. This is\n" +" necessary for our struct to have a predictable layout, as default Rust representation allows the\n" +" compiler to (among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:1 +msgid "# Driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:3 +msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"pub struct Uart {\n" +" registers: *mut Registers,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Uart {\n" +" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n" +" /// given base address.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// # Safety\n" +" ///\n" +" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of a\n" +" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the process\n" +" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" +" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" +" Self {\n" +" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" +" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" +" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" +" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" // Write to the TX buffer.\n" +" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" +" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been received.\n" +" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option {\n" +" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n" +" None\n" +" } else {\n" +" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() };\n" +" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n" +" Some(data as u8)\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:64 +msgid "" +"* Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual fields without creating\n" +" an intermediate reference, which would be unsound." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Using it" +msgstr "# Usando Bingen" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:3 +msgid "" +"Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, and echo incoming\n" +"bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"mod exceptions;\n" +"mod pl011;\n" +"\n" +"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" +"use core::fmt::Write;\n" +"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" +"use log::error;\n" +"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" +"use smccc::Hvc;\n" +"\n" +"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" +"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" +" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n" +" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" +" let mut uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" +"\n" +" writeln!(uart, \"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\").unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" loop {\n" +" if let Some(b) = uart.read_byte() {\n" +" uart.write_byte(b);\n" +" match b {\n" +" b'\\r' => {\n" +" uart.write_byte(b'\\n');\n" +" }\n" +" b'q' => break,\n" +" _ => {}\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" writeln!(uart, \"Bye!\").unwrap();\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:51 +msgid "" +"* As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` function is called from our\n" +" entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker notes there for details.\n" +"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:3 +msgid "" +"It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`][1] crate. We can do this by\n" +"implementing the `Log` trait." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" +"use core::fmt::Write;\n" +"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n" +"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" +"\n" +"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n" +" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"struct Logger {\n" +" uart: SpinMutex>,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Log for Logger {\n" +" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n" +" true\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n" +" writeln!(\n" +" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n" +" \"[{}] {}\",\n" +" record.level(),\n" +" record.args()\n" +" )\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn flush(&self) {}\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"/// Initialises UART logger.\n" +"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), SetLoggerError> {\n" +" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n" +"\n" +" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n" +" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:50 +msgid "* The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling `set_logger`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:3 +msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"mod exceptions;\n" +"mod logger;\n" +"mod pl011;\n" +"\n" +"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" +"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" +"use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n" +"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" +"use smccc::Hvc;\n" +"\n" +"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" +"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" +" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n" +" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" +" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" +" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" info!(\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\");\n" +"\n" +" assert_eq!(x1, 42);\n" +"\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[panic_handler]\n" +"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" +" error!(\"{info}\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:46 +msgid "" +"* Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics.\n" +"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:3 +msgid "" +" * [oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)\n" +" * \"coreboot without the C\"\n" +" * Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V.\n" +" * Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself.\n" +" * [Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)\n" +" * Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, exception handling, page tables\n" +" * Not all very well written, so beware.\n" +" * [`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)\n" +" * Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:1 +msgid "# Useful crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:3 +msgid "We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal programming." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:1 +msgid "# `zerocopy`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [`zerocopy`][1] crate (from Fuchsia) provides traits and macros for safely converting between\n" +"byte sequences and other types." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use zerocopy::AsBytes;\n" +"\n" +"#[repr(u32)]\n" +"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n" +"enum RequestType {\n" +" #[default]\n" +" In = 0,\n" +" Out = 1,\n" +" Flush = 4,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[repr(C)]\n" +"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n" +"struct VirtioBlockRequest {\n" +" request_type: RequestType,\n" +" reserved: u32,\n" +" sector: u64,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let request = VirtioBlockRequest {\n" +" request_type: RequestType::Flush,\n" +" sector: 42,\n" +" ..Default::default()\n" +" };\n" +"\n" +" assert_eq!(\n" +" request.as_bytes(),\n" +" &[4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n" +" );\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:40 +msgid "" +"This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), but can be useful for\n" +"working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by DMA, or sent over some external interface." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:45 +msgid "" +"* `FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is valid, and so can safely be\n" +" converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes.\n" +"* Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because `RequestType` doesn't use all\n" +" possible u32 values as discriminants, so not all byte patterns are valid.\n" +"* `zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives.\n" +"* Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy-example/`. (It won't\n" +" run in the Playground because of the crate dependency.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:1 +msgid "# `aarch64-paging`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [`aarch64-paging`][1] crate lets you create page tables according to the AArch64 Virtual Memory\n" +"System Architecture." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use aarch64_paging::{\n" +" idmap::IdMap,\n" +" paging::{Attributes, MemoryRegion},\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"const ASID: usize = 1;\n" +"const ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;\n" +"\n" +"// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n" +"let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);\n" +"// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n" +"idmap.map_range(\n" +" &MemoryRegion::new(0x80200000, 0x80400000),\n" +" Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,\n" +").unwrap();\n" +"// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n" +"idmap.activate();\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:28 +msgid "" +"* For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels should be straightforward to\n" +" add.\n" +"* This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware][2].\n" +"* There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real hardware or under QEMU." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:1 +msgid "# `buddy_system_allocator`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`buddy_system_allocator`][1] is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator.\n" +"It can be used both for [`LockedHeap`][2] implementing [`GlobalAlloc`][3] so you can use the\n" +"standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before][4]), or for allocating other address space. For example,\n" +"we might want to allocate MMIO space for PCI BARs:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use buddy_system_allocator::FrameAllocator;\n" +"use core::alloc::Layout;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut allocator = FrameAllocator::<32>::new();\n" +" allocator.add_frame(0x200_0000, 0x400_0000);\n" +"\n" +" let layout = Layout::from_size_align(0x100, 0x100).unwrap();\n" +" let bar = allocator\n" +" .alloc_aligned(layout)\n" +" .expect(\"Failed to allocate 0x100 byte MMIO region\");\n" +" println!(\"Allocated 0x100 byte MMIO region at {:#x}\", bar);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:26 +msgid "" +"* PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size.\n" +"* Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/allocator-example/`. (It won't\n" +" run in the Playground because of the crate dependency.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:1 +msgid "# `tinyvec`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:3 +msgid "" +"Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without heap allocation.\n" +"[`tinyvec`][1] provides this: a vector backed by an array or slice, which could be statically\n" +"allocated or on the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used and panics if you try to\n" +"use more than are allocated." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use tinyvec::{array_vec, ArrayVec};\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut numbers: ArrayVec<[u32; 5]> = array_vec!(42, 66);\n" +" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" +" numbers.push(7);\n" +" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" +" numbers.remove(1);\n" +" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:23 +msgid "" +"* `tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for initialisation.\n" +"* The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine inline." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# `spin`" +msgstr "## `static`" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:3 +msgid "" +"`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` are not available in\n" +"`core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or interior mutability, such as for sharing\n" +"state between different CPUs?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:7 +msgid "The [`spin`][1] crate provides spinlock-based equivalents of many of these primitives." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:9 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" +"\n" +"static counter: SpinMutex = SpinMutex::new(0);\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n" +" *counter.lock() += 2;\n" +" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:23 +msgid "" +"* Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers.\n" +"* `spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of `RwLock`, `Barrier` and `Once`\n" +" from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation.\n" +"* The [`once_cell`][2] crate also has some useful types for late initialisation with a slightly\n" +" different approach to `spin::once::Once`.\n" +"* The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/android.md:1 +msgid "# Android" +msgstr "# Android" + +#: src/bare-metal/android.md:3 +msgid "" +"To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a `rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build\n" +"your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` with a linker script to produce the binary itself, and then a\n" +"`raw_binary` to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/android.md:7 +msgid "" +"```soong\n" +"rust_ffi_static {\n" +" name: \"libvmbase_example\",\n" +" defaults: [\"vmbase_ffi_defaults\"],\n" +" crate_name: \"vmbase_example\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"libvmbase\",\n" +" ],\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"cc_binary {\n" +" name: \"vmbase_example\",\n" +" defaults: [\"vmbase_elf_defaults\"],\n" +" srcs: [\n" +" \"idmap.S\",\n" +" ],\n" +" static_libs: [\n" +" \"libvmbase_example\",\n" +" ],\n" +" linker_scripts: [\n" +" \"image.ld\",\n" +" \":vmbase_sections\",\n" +" ],\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"raw_binary {\n" +" name: \"vmbase_example_bin\",\n" +" stem: \"vmbase_example.bin\",\n" +" src: \":vmbase_example\",\n" +" enabled: false,\n" +" target: {\n" +" android_arm64: {\n" +" enabled: true,\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:1 +msgid "# vmbase" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:3 +msgid "" +"For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase][1] library provides a linker script and useful\n" +"defaults for the build rules, along with an entry point, UART console logging and more." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"use vmbase::{main, println};\n" +"\n" +"main!(main);\n" +"\n" +"pub fn main(arg0: u64, arg1: u64, arg2: u64, arg3: u64) {\n" +" println!(\"Hello world\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:21 +msgid "" +"* The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` entry point.\n" +"* The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown\n" +" the VM if your main function returns." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:3 +msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:1 +msgid "# RTC driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:3 +msgid "" +"The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031][1] real-time clock at 0x9010000. For this exercise, you\n" +"should write a driver for it." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:6 +msgid "" +"1. Use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use the [`chrono`][2] crate for\n" +" date/time formatting.\n" +"2. Use the match register and raw interrupt status to busy-wait until a given time, e.g. 3 seconds\n" +" in the future. (Call [`core::hint::spin_loop`][3] inside the loop.)\n" +"3. _Extension if you have time:_ Enable and handle the interrupt generated by the RTC match. You can\n" +" use the driver provided in the [`arm-gic`][4] crate to configure the Arm Generic Interrupt Controller.\n" +" - Use the RTC interrupt, which is wired to the GIC as `IntId::spi(2)`.\n" +" - Once the interrupt is enabled, you can put the core to sleep via `arm_gic::wfi()`, which will cause the core to sleep until it receives an interrupt.\n" +" " +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:16 +msgid "" +"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and look in the `rtc`\n" +"directory for the following files." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:23 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"mod exceptions;\n" +"mod logger;\n" +"mod pl011;\n" +"\n" +"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" +"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" +"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" +"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n" +"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" +"use smccc::Hvc;\n" +"\n" +"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n" +"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n" +"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n" +"\n" +"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" +"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" +" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n" +" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" +" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" +" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the base\n" +" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n" +" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n" +" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" +" gic.setup();\n" +"\n" +" // TODO: Create instance of RTC driver and print current time.\n" +"\n" +" // TODO: Wait for 3 seconds.\n" +"\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[panic_handler]\n" +"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" +" error!(\"{info}\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:75 +msgid "`src/exceptions.rs` (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of the exercise):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:77 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:79 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" +"use log::{error, info, trace};\n" +"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" +"use smccc::Hvc;\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" trace!(\"irq_current\");\n" +" let intid = GicV3::get_and_acknowledge_interrupt().expect(\"No pending interrupt\");\n" +" info!(\"IRQ {intid:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"fiq_current\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"serr_current\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"sync_lower\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"irq_lower\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"serr_lower\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:149 +msgid "`src/logger.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:151 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:153 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: main\n" +"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" +"use core::fmt::Write;\n" +"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n" +"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" +"\n" +"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n" +" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"struct Logger {\n" +" uart: SpinMutex>,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Log for Logger {\n" +" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n" +" true\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n" +" writeln!(\n" +" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n" +" \"[{}] {}\",\n" +" record.level(),\n" +" record.args()\n" +" )\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn flush(&self) {}\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"/// Initialises UART logger.\n" +"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), SetLoggerError> {\n" +" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n" +"\n" +" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n" +" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:210 +msgid "`src/pl011.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:212 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:214 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"#![allow(unused)]\n" +"\n" +"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n" +"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Flags\n" +"use bitflags::bitflags;\n" +"\n" +"bitflags! {\n" +" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n" +" #[repr(transparent)]\n" +" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" +" struct Flags: u16 {\n" +" /// Clear to send.\n" +" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n" +" /// Data set ready.\n" +" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n" +" /// Data carrier detect.\n" +" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n" +" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n" +" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n" +" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n" +" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n" +" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n" +" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n" +" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n" +" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n" +" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n" +" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n" +" /// Ring indicator.\n" +" const RI = 1 << 8;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n" +"\n" +"bitflags! {\n" +" /// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n" +" #[repr(transparent)]\n" +" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" +" struct ReceiveStatus: u16 {\n" +" /// Framing error.\n" +" const FE = 1 << 0;\n" +" /// Parity error.\n" +" const PE = 1 << 1;\n" +" /// Break error.\n" +" const BE = 1 << 2;\n" +" /// Overrun error.\n" +" const OE = 1 << 3;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Registers\n" +"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" +"struct Registers {\n" +" dr: u16,\n" +" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n" +" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n" +" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n" +" fr: Flags,\n" +" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n" +" ilpr: u8,\n" +" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" +" ibrd: u16,\n" +" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n" +" fbrd: u8,\n" +" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n" +" lcr_h: u8,\n" +" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n" +" cr: u16,\n" +" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n" +" ifls: u8,\n" +" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n" +" imsc: u16,\n" +" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n" +" ris: u16,\n" +" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n" +" mis: u16,\n" +" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n" +" icr: u16,\n" +" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n" +" dmacr: u8,\n" +" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Uart\n" +"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"pub struct Uart {\n" +" registers: *mut Registers,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Uart {\n" +" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n" +" /// given base address.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// # Safety\n" +" ///\n" +" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of a\n" +" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the process\n" +" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" +" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" +" Self {\n" +" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" +" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" +" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" +" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" // Write to the TX buffer.\n" +" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" +" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been received.\n" +" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option {\n" +" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n" +" None\n" +" } else {\n" +" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() };\n" +" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n" +" Some(data as u8)\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n" +"\n" +"impl Write for Uart {\n" +" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n" +" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n" +" self.write_byte(*c);\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(())\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" +"// accessed from any context.\n" +"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:389 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[workspace]\n" +"\n" +"[package]\n" +"name = \"rtc\"\n" +"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" +"edition = \"2021\"\n" +"publish = false\n" +"\n" +"[dependencies]\n" +"arm-gic = \"0.1.0\"\n" +"bitflags = \"2.0.0\"\n" +"chrono = { version = \"0.4.24\", default-features = false }\n" +"log = \"0.4.17\"\n" +"smccc = \"0.1.1\"\n" +"spin = \"0.9.8\"\n" +"\n" +"[build-dependencies]\n" +"cc = \"1.0.73\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:410 +msgid "`build.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:412 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:414 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"use cc::Build;\n" +"use std::env;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" #[cfg(target_os = \"linux\")]\n" +" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-linux-gnu\");\n" +" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"linux\"))]\n" +" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-none-elf\");\n" +"\n" +" Build::new()\n" +" .file(\"entry.S\")\n" +" .file(\"exceptions.S\")\n" +" .file(\"idmap.S\")\n" +" .compile(\"empty\")\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License." + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:446 +msgid "`entry.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:448 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:450 +msgid "" +"```armasm\n" +"/*\n" +" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +" *\n" +" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +" *\n" +" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +" *\n" +" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +" * limitations under the License.\n" +" */\n" +"\n" +".macro adr_l, reg:req, sym:req\n" +"\tadrp \\reg, \\sym\n" +"\tadd \\reg, \\reg, :lo12:\\sym\n" +".endm\n" +"\n" +".macro mov_i, reg:req, imm:req\n" +"\tmovz \\reg, :abs_g3:\\imm\n" +"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g2_nc:\\imm\n" +"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g1_nc:\\imm\n" +"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g0_nc:\\imm\n" +".endm\n" +"\n" +".set .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE,\t0x04\n" +".set .L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA,\t0xff\n" +".set .Lmairval, .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE | (.L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA << 8)\n" +"\n" +"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR0_EL1. */\n" +".set .L_TCR_TG0_4KB, 0x0 << 14\n" +"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR1_EL1. */\n" +".set .L_TCR_TG1_4KB, 0x2 << 30\n" +"/* Disable translation table walk for TTBR1_EL1, generating a translation fault instead. */\n" +".set .L_TCR_EPD1, 0x1 << 23\n" +"/* Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner sharable. */\n" +".set .L_TCR_SH_INNER, 0x3 << 12\n" +"/*\n" +" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are outer write-back read-allocate write-allocate\n" +" * cacheable.\n" +" */\n" +".set .L_TCR_RGN_OWB, 0x1 << 10\n" +"/*\n" +" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner write-back read-allocate write-allocate\n" +" * cacheable.\n" +" */\n" +".set .L_TCR_RGN_IWB, 0x1 << 8\n" +"/* Size offset for TTBR0_EL1 is 2**39 bytes (512 GiB). */\n" +".set .L_TCR_T0SZ_512, 64 - 39\n" +".set .Ltcrval, .L_TCR_TG0_4KB | .L_TCR_TG1_4KB | .L_TCR_EPD1 | .L_TCR_RGN_OWB\n" +".set .Ltcrval, .Ltcrval | .L_TCR_RGN_IWB | .L_TCR_SH_INNER | .L_TCR_T0SZ_512\n" +"\n" +"/* Stage 1 instruction access cacheability is unaffected. */\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_I, 0x1 << 12\n" +"/* SP alignment fault if SP is not aligned to a 16 byte boundary. */\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA, 0x1 << 3\n" +"/* Stage 1 data access cacheability is unaffected. */\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_C, 0x1 << 2\n" +"/* EL0 and EL1 stage 1 MMU enabled. */\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_M, 0x1 << 0\n" +"/* Privileged Access Never is unchanged on taking an exception to EL1. */\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0x1 << 23\n" +"/* SETEND instruction disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0x1 << 8\n" +"/* Various IT instructions are disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD, 0x1 << 7\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1, (0x1 << 11) | (0x1 << 20) | (0x1 << 22) | (0x1 << 28) | (0x1 << 29)\n" +".set .Lsctlrval, .L_SCTLR_ELx_M | .L_SCTLR_ELx_C | .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA | .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED\n" +".set .Lsctlrval, .Lsctlrval | .L_SCTLR_ELx_I | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN | .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1\n" +"\n" +"/**\n" +" * This is a generic entry point for an image. It carries out the operations required to prepare the\n" +" * loaded image to be run. Specifically, it zeroes the bss section using registers x25 and above,\n" +" * prepares the stack, enables floating point, and sets up the exception vector. It preserves x0-x3\n" +" * for the Rust entry point, as these may contain boot parameters.\n" +" */\n" +".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n" +".global entry\n" +"entry:\n" +"\t/* Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable MMU and caches. */\n" +"\tadrp x30, idmap\n" +"\tmsr ttbr0_el1, x30\n" +"\n" +"\tmov_i x30, .Lmairval\n" +"\tmsr mair_el1, x30\n" +"\n" +"\tmov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n" +"\t/* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n" +"\tmrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n" +"\tbfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n" +"\n" +"\tmsr tcr_el1, x30\n" +"\n" +"\tmov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n" +"\n" +"\t/*\n" +"\t * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate any potentially stale\n" +"\t * local TLB entries before they start being used.\n" +"\t */\n" +"\tisb\n" +"\ttlbi vmalle1\n" +"\tic iallu\n" +"\tdsb nsh\n" +"\tisb\n" +"\n" +"\t/*\n" +"\t * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until this has completed.\n" +"\t */\n" +"\tmsr sctlr_el1, x30\n" +"\tisb\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n" +"\tmrs x30, cpacr_el1\n" +"\torr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n" +"\tmsr cpacr_el1, x30\n" +"\tisb\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Zero out the bss section. */\n" +"\tadr_l x29, bss_begin\n" +"\tadr_l x30, bss_end\n" +"0:\tcmp x29, x30\n" +"\tb.hs 1f\n" +"\tstp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n" +"\tb 0b\n" +"\n" +"1:\t/* Prepare the stack. */\n" +"\tadr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n" +"\tmov sp, x30\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Set up exception vector. */\n" +"\tadr x30, vector_table_el1\n" +"\tmsr vbar_el1, x30\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Call into Rust code. */\n" +"\tbl main\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n" +"2:\twfi\n" +"\tb 2b\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:595 +msgid "`exceptions.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:597 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:599 +msgid "" +"```armasm\n" +"/*\n" +" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +" *\n" +" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +" *\n" +" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +" *\n" +" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +" * limitations under the License.\n" +" */\n" +"\n" +"/**\n" +" * Saves the volatile registers onto the stack. This currently takes 14\n" +" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers with 18 instructions\n" +" * left.\n" +" *\n" +" * On return, x0 and x1 are initialised to elr_el2 and spsr_el2 respectively,\n" +" * which can be used as the first and second arguments of a subsequent call.\n" +" */\n" +".macro save_volatile_to_stack\n" +"\t/* Reserve stack space and save registers x0-x18, x29 & x30. */\n" +"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #-(8 * 24)]!\n" +"\tstp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n" +"\tstp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n" +"\tstp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n" +"\tstp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n" +"\tstp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n" +"\tstp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n" +"\tstp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n" +"\tstp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n" +"\tstr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n" +"\tstp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n" +"\n" +"\t/*\n" +"\t * Save elr_el1 & spsr_el1. This such that we can take nested exception\n" +"\t * and still be able to unwind.\n" +"\t */\n" +"\tmrs x0, elr_el1\n" +"\tmrs x1, spsr_el1\n" +"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n" +".endm\n" +"\n" +"/**\n" +" * Restores the volatile registers from the stack. This currently takes 14\n" +" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers while still leaving 18\n" +" * instructions left; if paired with save_volatile_to_stack, there are 4\n" +" * instructions to spare.\n" +" */\n" +".macro restore_volatile_from_stack\n" +"\t/* Restore registers x2-x18, x29 & x30. */\n" +"\tldp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n" +"\tldp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n" +"\tldp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n" +"\tldp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n" +"\tldp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n" +"\tldp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n" +"\tldp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n" +"\tldp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n" +"\tldr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n" +"\tldp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Restore registers elr_el1 & spsr_el1, using x0 & x1 as scratch. */\n" +"\tldp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n" +"\tmsr elr_el1, x0\n" +"\tmsr spsr_el1, x1\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Restore x0 & x1, and release stack space. */\n" +"\tldp x0, x1, [sp], #8 * 24\n" +".endm\n" +"\n" +"/**\n" +" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while using\n" +" * SP0. It behaves similarly to the SPx case by first switching to SPx, doing\n" +" * the work, then switching back to SP0 before returning.\n" +" *\n" +" * Switching to SPx and calling the Rust handler takes 16 instructions. To\n" +" * restore and return we need an additional 16 instructions, so we can implement\n" +" * the whole handler within the allotted 32 instructions.\n" +" */\n" +".macro current_exception_sp0 handler:req\n" +"\tmsr spsel, #1\n" +"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n" +"\tbl \\handler\n" +"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n" +"\tmsr spsel, #0\n" +"\teret\n" +".endm\n" +"\n" +"/**\n" +" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while using\n" +" * SPx. It saves volatile registers, calls the Rust handler, restores volatile\n" +" * registers, then returns.\n" +" *\n" +" * This also works for exceptions taken from EL0, if we don't care about\n" +" * non-volatile registers.\n" +" *\n" +" * Saving state and jumping to the Rust handler takes 15 instructions, and\n" +" * restoring and returning also takes 15 instructions, so we can fit the whole\n" +" * handler in 30 instructions, under the limit of 32.\n" +" */\n" +".macro current_exception_spx handler:req\n" +"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n" +"\tbl \\handler\n" +"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n" +"\teret\n" +".endm\n" +"\n" +".section .text.vector_table_el1, \"ax\"\n" +".global vector_table_el1\n" +".balign 0x800\n" +"vector_table_el1:\n" +"sync_cur_sp0:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 sync_exception_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"irq_cur_sp0:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 irq_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"fiq_cur_sp0:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 fiq_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"serr_cur_sp0:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 serr_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"sync_cur_spx:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_exception_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"irq_cur_spx:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"fiq_cur_spx:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"serr_cur_spx:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"sync_lower_64:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"irq_lower_64:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"fiq_lower_64:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"serr_lower_64:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"sync_lower_32:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"irq_lower_32:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"fiq_lower_32:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"serr_lower_32:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:780 +msgid "`idmap.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:782 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:784 +msgid "" +"```armasm\n" +"/*\n" +" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +" *\n" +" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +" *\n" +" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +" *\n" +" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +" * limitations under the License.\n" +" */\n" +"\n" +".set .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK, 0x1\n" +".set .L_TT_TYPE_PAGE, 0x3\n" +".set .L_TT_TYPE_TABLE, 0x3\n" +"\n" +"/* Access flag. */\n" +".set .L_TT_AF, 0x1 << 10\n" +"/* Not global. */\n" +".set .L_TT_NG, 0x1 << 11\n" +".set .L_TT_XN, 0x3 << 53\n" +"\n" +".set .L_TT_MT_DEV, 0x0 << 2\t\t\t// MAIR #0 (DEV_nGnRE)\n" +".set .L_TT_MT_MEM, (0x1 << 2) | (0x3 << 8)\t// MAIR #1 (MEM_WBWA), inner shareable\n" +"\n" +".set .L_BLOCK_DEV, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_DEV | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_XN\n" +".set .L_BLOCK_MEM, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_MEM | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_NG\n" +"\n" +".section \".rodata.idmap\", \"a\", %progbits\n" +".global idmap\n" +".align 12\n" +"idmap:\n" +"\t/* level 1 */\n" +"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x0\t\t // 1 GiB of device mappings\n" +"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_MEM | 0x40000000\t// 1 GiB of DRAM\n" +"\t.fill\t\t254, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 254 GiB of unmapped VA space\n" +"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x4000000000 // 1 GiB of device mappings\n" +"\t.fill\t\t255, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 255 GiB of remaining VA space\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:829 +msgid "`image.ld` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:831 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:833 +msgid "" +"```ld\n" +"/*\n" +" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +" *\n" +" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +" *\n" +" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +" *\n" +" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +" * limitations under the License.\n" +" */\n" +"\n" +"/*\n" +" * Code will start running at this symbol which is placed at the start of the\n" +" * image.\n" +" */\n" +"ENTRY(entry)\n" +"\n" +"MEMORY\n" +"{\n" +"\timage : ORIGIN = 0x40080000, LENGTH = 2M\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"SECTIONS\n" +"{\n" +"\t/*\n" +"\t * Collect together the code.\n" +"\t */\n" +"\t.init : ALIGN(4096) {\n" +"\t\ttext_begin = .;\n" +"\t\t*(.init.entry)\n" +"\t\t*(.init.*)\n" +"\t} >image\n" +"\t.text : {\n" +"\t\t*(.text.*)\n" +"\t} >image\n" +"\ttext_end = .;\n" +"\n" +"\t/*\n" +"\t * Collect together read-only data.\n" +"\t */\n" +"\t.rodata : ALIGN(4096) {\n" +"\t\trodata_begin = .;\n" +"\t\t*(.rodata.*)\n" +"\t} >image\n" +"\t.got : {\n" +"\t\t*(.got)\n" +"\t} >image\n" +"\trodata_end = .;\n" +"\n" +"\t/*\n" +"\t * Collect together the read-write data including .bss at the end which\n" +"\t * will be zero'd by the entry code.\n" +"\t */\n" +"\t.data : ALIGN(4096) {\n" +"\t\tdata_begin = .;\n" +"\t\t*(.data.*)\n" +"\t\t/*\n" +"\t\t * The entry point code assumes that .data is a multiple of 32\n" +"\t\t * bytes long.\n" +"\t\t */\n" +"\t\t. = ALIGN(32);\n" +"\t\tdata_end = .;\n" +"\t} >image\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Everything beyond this point will not be included in the binary. */\n" +"\tbin_end = .;\n" +"\n" +"\t/* The entry point code assumes that .bss is 16-byte aligned. */\n" +"\t.bss : ALIGN(16) {\n" +"\t\tbss_begin = .;\n" +"\t\t*(.bss.*)\n" +"\t\t*(COMMON)\n" +"\t\t. = ALIGN(16);\n" +"\t\tbss_end = .;\n" +"\t} >image\n" +"\n" +"\t.stack (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4096) {\n" +"\t\tboot_stack_begin = .;\n" +"\t\t. += 40 * 4096;\n" +"\t\t. = ALIGN(4096);\n" +"\t\tboot_stack_end = .;\n" +"\t} >image\n" +"\n" +"\t. = ALIGN(4K);\n" +"\tPROVIDE(dma_region = .);\n" +"\n" +"\t/*\n" +"\t * Remove unused sections from the image.\n" +"\t */\n" +"\t/DISCARD/ : {\n" +"\t\t/* The image loads itself so doesn't need these sections. */\n" +"\t\t*(.gnu.hash)\n" +"\t\t*(.hash)\n" +"\t\t*(.interp)\n" +"\t\t*(.eh_frame_hdr)\n" +"\t\t*(.eh_frame)\n" +"\t\t*(.note.gnu.build-id)\n" +"\t}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:940 +msgid "`Makefile` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:942 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:944 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```makefile\n" +"# Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"#\n" +"# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"#\n" +"# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"#\n" +"# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"# limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"UNAME := $(shell uname -s)\n" +"ifeq ($(UNAME),Linux)\n" +"\tTARGET = aarch64-linux-gnu\n" +"else\n" +"\tTARGET = aarch64-none-elf\n" +"endif\n" +"OBJCOPY = $(TARGET)-objcopy\n" +"\n" +".PHONY: build qemu_minimal qemu qemu_logger\n" +"\n" +"all: rtc.bin\n" +"\n" +"build:\n" +"\tcargo build\n" +"\n" +"rtc.bin: build\n" +"\t$(OBJCOPY) -O binary target/aarch64-unknown-none/debug/rtc $@\n" +"\n" +"qemu: rtc.bin\n" +"\tqemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,gic-version=3 -cpu max -serial mon:stdio -display none -kernel $< -s\n" +"\n" +"clean:\n" +"\tcargo clean\n" +"\trm -f *.bin\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License." + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:989 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[build]\n" +"target = \"aarch64-unknown-none\"\n" +"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Timage.ld\"]\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:995 +msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Welcome to Concurrency in Rust" +msgstr "# Bem-vindo ao Comprehensive Rust 🦀" + +#: src/concurrency.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and\n" +"channels." +msgstr "" +"Rust tem suporte total para concorrência usando _threads_ do SO com _mutexes_ e\n" +"_channels_ (canais)." + +#: src/concurrency.md:6 +msgid "" +"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs\n" +"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since you\n" +"can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime." +msgstr "" +"O sistema de tipos do Rust desempenha um papel importante na conversão de muitos erros de concorrência\n" +"em erros de tempo de compilação. Isso geralmente é chamado de _concorrência sem medo_, pois você\n" +"pode confiar no compilador para garantir a exatidão no tempo de execução." + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:1 +msgid "# Threads" +msgstr "# Threads" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:3 +msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:" +msgstr "_Threads_ em Rust funcionam de maneira semelhante às _threads_ em outras linguagens:" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::time::Duration;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" thread::spawn(|| {\n" +" for i in 1..10 {\n" +" println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" +" }\n" +" });\n" +"\n" +" for i in 1..5 {\n" +" println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"fn main() {\n" +" thread::spawn(|| {\n" +" for i in 1..10 {\n" +" println!(\"Contador na thread: {i}!\");\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" +" }\n" +" });" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:24 +msgid "" +"* Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them.\n" +"* Thread panics are independent of each other.\n" +" * Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`." +msgstr "" +"* _Threads_ são todas \"_daemon threads_\", o _thread_ principal não espera por elas.\n" +"* \"_Panics_\" em _threads_ são independentes uns dos outros.\n" +" * \"_Panics_\" podem carregar um _payload_ (carga útil), que pode ser descompactado com `downcast_ref`." + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:32 +msgid "" +"* Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread is\n" +" not waiting.\n" +"\n" +"* Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for\n" +" the thread to finish.\n" +"\n" +"* Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`.\n" +"\n" +"* Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the panic\n" +" payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`]." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1 +msgid "# Scoped Threads" +msgstr "# Threads com Escopo" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3 +msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:" +msgstr "_Threads_ normais não podem emprestar de seu ambiente:" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +"\n" +" thread::spawn(|| {\n" +" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" +" });\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1: String = String::from(\"Olá!\");\n" +" let s2: String = s1;\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:17 +msgid "However, you can use a [scoped thread][1] for this:" +msgstr "No entanto, você pode usar uma [_thread_ com escopo][1] para isso:" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:19 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +"\n" +" thread::scope(|scope| {\n" +" scope.spawn(|| {\n" +" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" +" });\n" +" });\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +" thread::scope(|scope| {\n" +" scope.spawn(|| {\n" +" println!(\"Comprimento: {}\", s.len());\n" +" });\n" +" });\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:37 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"* The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed data.\n" +"* Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one thread, or immutably by any number of threads.\n" +" " +msgstr "" +"
\n" +" \n" +"* A razão para isso é que, quando a função `thread::scope` for concluída, todas as _threads_ serão unidas, para que possam retornar dados emprestados.\n" +"* Aplicam-se as regras normais de empréstimo do Rust: o empréstimo pode ser mutável, para uma `thread` ou imutável para\n" +"qualquer número de _threads_.\n" +" \n" +"
" + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:1 +msgid "# Channels" +msgstr "# Channels (Canais)" + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender` and a `Receiver`. The two parts\n" +"are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points." +msgstr "" +"Os _channels_ (canais) em Rust têm duas partes: um `Sender` e um `Receiver`. As duas partes\n" +"estão conectadas através do _channel_, mas você só vê os _end-points_." + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n" +"\n" +" tx.send(10).unwrap();\n" +" tx.send(20).unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" +" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" +"\n" +" let tx2 = tx.clone();\n" +" tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:27 +msgid "" +"* `mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` implement `Clone` (so\n" +" you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does not.\n" +"* `send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the counterpart `Sender` or\n" +" `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed." +msgstr "" +"* `mpsc` significa Multi-Produtor, Único-Consumidor. `Sender` e `SyncSender` implementam `Clone` (então\n" +" você pode criar vários produtores), mas `Receiver` (consumidores) não.\n" +"* `send()` e `recv()` retornam `Result`. Se retornarem `Err`, significa que a contraparte `Sender` ou\n" +" `Receiver` é descartada e o canal é fechado." + +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1 +msgid "# Unbounded Channels" +msgstr "# Canais ilimitados" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3 +msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:" +msgstr "Você obtém um canal ilimitado e assíncrono com `mpsc::channel()`:" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::time::Duration;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n" +"\n" +" thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" +" for i in 1..10 {\n" +" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n" +" });\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" +"\n" +" for msg in rx.iter() {\n" +" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +" thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" +" for i in 1..10 {\n" +" tx.send(format!(\"Mensagem {i}\")).unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: enviando a mensagem: {i}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: feito\");\n" +" });\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1 +msgid "# Bounded Channels" +msgstr "# Canais Delimitados" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3 +msgid "Bounded and synchronous channels make `send` block the current thread:" +msgstr "Canais limitados e síncronos fazem `send` bloquear o _thread_ atual:" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::time::Duration;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);\n" +"\n" +" thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" +" for i in 1..10 {\n" +" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n" +" });\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" +"\n" +" for msg in rx.iter() {\n" +" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +" thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" +" for i in 1..10 {\n" +" tx.send(format!(\"Mensagem {i}\")).unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: enviando a mensagem: {i}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: feito\");\n" +" });\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1 +msgid "# `Send` and `Sync`" +msgstr "# `Send` e `Sync`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3 +msgid "How does Rust know to forbid shared access across thread? The answer is in two traits:" +msgstr "Como o Rust sabe proibir o acesso compartilhado entre threads? A resposta está em duas características:" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:5 +msgid "" +"* [`Send`][1]: a type `T` is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread\n" +" boundary.\n" +"* [`Sync`][2]: a type `T` is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread\n" +" boundary." +msgstr "" +"* [`Send`][1]: um tipo `T` é `Send` se for seguro mover um `T` entre _threads_\n" +"* [`Sync`][2]: um tipo `T` é `Sync` se for seguro mover um `&T` entre _threads_" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:10 +msgid "" +"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits][3]. The compiler will automatically derive them for your types\n" +"as long as they only contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when you\n" +"know it is valid." +msgstr "" +"`Send` e `Sync` são [`unsafe traits`][3]. O compilador os derivará automaticamente para seus tipos\n" +"desde que contenham apenas os tipos `Send` e `Sync`. Você também pode implementá-los manualmente quando\n" +"souber que são válidos." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:20 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"* One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-safety properties.\n" +"* They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits.\n" +" " +msgstr "" +"* Pode-se pensar nesses _traits_ como marcadores de que o tipo possui certas propriedades de segurança de _threads_.\n" +"* Eles podem ser usados nas restrições genéricas como _traits_ normais.\n" +" \n" +"" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1 +msgid "# `Send`" +msgstr "# `Send`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3 +msgid "> A type `T` is [`Send`][1] if it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread." +msgstr "> Um tipo `T` é [`Send`][1] se for seguro mover um valor `T` para outro _thread_." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5 +msgid "" +"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will run\n" +"in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one thread\n" +"and deallocate it in another." +msgstr "" +"O efeito de mover a propriedade (ownership) para outro _thread_ é que os _destructors_ serão executados\n" +"nessa _thread_. Então a questão é: quando você pode alocar um valor em um _thread_\n" +"e desalocá-lo em outro?" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:13 +msgid "" +"As an example, a connection to the SQLite library must only be accessed from a\n" +"single thread." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1 +msgid "# `Sync`" +msgstr "# `Sync`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3 +msgid "" +"> A type `T` is [`Sync`][1] if it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple\n" +"> threads at the same time." +msgstr "" +"> Um tipo `T` é [`Sync`][1] se for seguro acessar um valor `T` de várias\n" +"> threads ao mesmo tempo." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6 +msgid "More precisely, the definition is:" +msgstr "Mais precisamente, a definição é:" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8 +msgid "> `T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`" +msgstr "> `T` é `Sync` se e somente se `&T` é `Send`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14 +msgid "This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it across threads." +msgstr "Essa instrução é essencialmente uma maneira abreviada de dizer que, se um tipo é _thread-safe_ para uso compartilhado, também é _thread-safe_ passar referências a ele entre _threads_." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:16 +msgid "This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references can be accessed from any thread safely." +msgstr "Isso ocorre porque, se um tipo for `Sync`, significa que ele pode ser compartilhado entre vários _threads_ sem o risco de corridas de dados ou outros problemas de sincronização, portanto, é seguro movê-lo para outro _thread_. Uma referência ao tipo também é segura para mover para outro _thread_, porque os dados a que ela faz referência podem ser acessados de qualquer _thread_ com segurança." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1 +msgid "# Examples" +msgstr "# Exemplos" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3 +msgid "## `Send + Sync`" +msgstr "## `Send + Sync`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5 +msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:" +msgstr "A maioria dos tipos que você encontra são `Send + Sync`:" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7 +msgid "" +"* `i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ...\n" +"* `(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ...\n" +"* `String`, `Option`, `Vec`, `Box`, ...\n" +"* `Arc`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count.\n" +"* `Mutex`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking.\n" +"* `AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions." +msgstr "" +"* `i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ...\n" +"* `(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ...\n" +"* `String`, `Option`, `Vec`, `Box`, ...\n" +"* `Arc`: Explicitamente _thread-safe_ via contagem de referência atômica.\n" +"* `Mutex`: Explicitamente _thread-safe_ via bloqueio interno.\n" +"* `AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Usa instruções atômicas especiais." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14 +msgid "" +"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are\n" +"`Send + Sync`." +msgstr "" +"Os tipos genéricos são tipicamente `Send + Sync` quando os parâmetros de tipo são\n" +"`Send + Sync`." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17 +msgid "## `Send + !Sync`" +msgstr "## `Send + !Sync`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19 +msgid "" +"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe.\n" +"Typically because of interior mutability:" +msgstr "" +"Esses tipos podem ser movidos para outras _threads_, mas não são seguros para _threads_.\n" +"Normalmente por causa da mutabilidade interior:" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22 +msgid "" +"* `mpsc::Sender`\n" +"* `mpsc::Receiver`\n" +"* `Cell`\n" +"* `RefCell`" +msgstr "" +"* `mpsc::Sender`\n" +"* `mpsc::Receiver`\n" +"* `Cell`\n" +"* `RefCell`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27 +msgid "## `!Send + Sync`" +msgstr "## `!Send + Sync`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29 +msgid "These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:" +msgstr "Esses tipos são _thread-safe_, mas não podem ser movidos para outro _thread_:" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31 +msgid "" +"* `MutexGuard`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on the\n" +" thread which created them." +msgstr "" +"* `MutexGuard`: Usa primitivas a nível de sistema operacional que devem ser desalocadas no\n" +" _thread_ que as criou." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34 +msgid "## `!Send + !Sync`" +msgstr "## `!Send + !Sync`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36 +msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:" +msgstr "Esses tipos não são _thread-safe_ e não podem ser movidos para outros _threads_:" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38 +msgid "" +"* `Rc`: each `Rc` has a reference to an `RcBox`, which contains a\n" +" non-atomic reference count.\n" +"* `*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special\n" +" concurrency considerations." +msgstr "" +"* `Rc`: cada `Rc` tem uma referência a um `RcBox`, que contém uma\n" +" contagem de referência não atômica.\n" +"* `*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assume que ponteiros brutos podem ter\n" +" considerações de especiais de concorrência." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1 +msgid "# Shared State" +msgstr "# Estado Compartilhado" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is\n" +"primarily done via two types:" +msgstr "" +"Rust usa o sistema de tipos para impor a sincronização de dados compartilhados. Isso é\n" +"feito principalmente através de dois tipos:" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6 +msgid "" +"* [`Arc`][1], atomic reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and\n" +" takes care to deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped,\n" +"* [`Mutex`][2]: ensures mutually exclusive access to the `T` value." +msgstr "" +"* [`Arc`][1], referência atômica contada `T`: manipula o compartilhamento entre _threads_ e\n" +" toma o cuidado de desalocar `T` quando a última referência é descartada,\n" +"* [`Mutex`][2]: garante acesso mutuamente exclusivo ao valor `T`." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1 +msgid "# `Arc`" +msgstr "# `Arc`" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3 +#, fuzzy +msgid "[`Arc`][1] allows shared read-only access via `Arc::clone`:" +msgstr "[`Arc`][1] permite acesso somente leitura compartilhado por meio de seu método `clone`:" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::sync::Arc;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" +" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n" +" for _ in 1..5 {\n" +" let v = Arc::clone(&v);\n" +" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n" +" }));\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n" +" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" +" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n" +" for _ in 1..5 {\n" +" let v = v.clone();\n" +" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n" +" }));\n" +" }" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29 +msgid "" +"* `Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` that uses atomic\n" +" operations.\n" +"* `Arc` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` and `Sync` iff `T`\n" +" implements them both.\n" +"* `Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but after that the use of the\n" +" `T` is free.\n" +"* Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect them.\n" +" * `std::sync::Weak` can help." +msgstr "" +"* `Arc` significa \"Atomic Reference Counted\", uma versão _thread-safe_ de `Rc` que usa operações atômicas.\n" +"* `Arc` implementa `Clone` quer `T` o faça ou não. Ele implementa `Send` e `Sync` se `T`\n" +" implementa os dois.\n" +"* `Arc::clone()` tem o custo das operações atômicas que são executadas, mas depois disso o uso do\n" +" `T` é gratuito.\n" +"* Cuidado com os ciclos de referência, `Arc` não usa um coletor de lixo para detectá-los.\n" +" * `std::sync::Weak` pode ajudar." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1 +msgid "# `Mutex`" +msgstr "# `Mutex`" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`Mutex`][1] ensures mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T`\n" +"behind a read-only interface:" +msgstr "" +"[`Mutex`][1] garante exclusão mútua _e_ permite acesso mutável a `T`\n" +"por trás de uma interface somente leitura:" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::sync::Mutex;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" +" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" +"\n" +" {\n" +" let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n" +" guard.push(40);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:22 +msgid "" +"Notice how we have a [`impl Sync for Mutex`][2] blanket\n" +"implementation." +msgstr "" +"Observe como temos uma implementação [`impl Sync for Mutex`][2]\n" +"encoberta." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:31 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"* `Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element - the protected data.\n" +" * It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the protected data.\n" +"* You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex` by taking the lock. The `MutexGuard` ensures that the\n" +" `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held.\n" +"* `Mutex` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff `T` implements `Send`.\n" +"* A read-write lock counterpart - `RwLock`.\n" +"* Why does `lock()` return a `Result`? \n" +" * If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes \"poisoned\" to signal that\n" +" the data it protected might be in an inconsistent state. Calling `lock()` on a poisoned mutex\n" +" fails with a [`PoisonError`]. You can call `into_inner()` on the error to recover the data\n" +" regardless." +msgstr "" +"
\n" +" \n" +"* `Mutex` em Rust parece uma coleção com apenas um elemento - os dados protegidos.\n" +" * Não é possível esquecer de adquirir o mutex antes de acessar os dados protegidos.\n" +"* Você pode obter um `&mut T` de um `&Mutex` obtendo um bloqueio (_lock_). O `MutexGuard` garante que o\n" +" `&mut T` não sobrevive além do bloqueio (_lock_).\n" +"* `Mutex` implementa `Send` e `Sync` se `T` implementa `Send`.\n" +"* O bloqueio para leitura e gravação - `RwLock`.\n" +"* Por que `lock()` retorna um `Result`?\n" +" * Se o thread que manteve o `Mutex` entrou em pânico, o `Mutex` torna-se \"envenenado\" para sinalizar que\n" +" os dados protegidos podem estar em um estado inconsistente. Ao chamar `lock()` em um mutex envenenado\n" +" o retorno é uma falha com um [`PoisonError`]. Você pode chamar `into_inner()` no erro para recuperar os dados\n" +" independentemente." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3 +msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:" +msgstr "Vamos ver `Arc` e `Mutex` em ação:" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n" +" v.push(10);\n" +" });\n" +" v.push(1000);\n" +"\n" +" handle.join().unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n" +" v.push(10);\n" +" });\n" +" v.push(1000);" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23 +msgid "Possible solution:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:25 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n" +"\n" +" let v2 = Arc::clone(&v);\n" +" let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n" +" v2.push(10);\n" +" });\n" +"\n" +" {\n" +" let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" +" v.push(1000);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" handle.join().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:49 +msgid "Notable parts:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:51 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"* `v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are orthogonal.\n" +" * Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state between threads.\n" +"* `v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature.\n" +"* Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as possible." +msgstr "" +"* `v` é agrupado em ambos `Arc` e `Mutex`, porque seus interesses são ortogonais.\n" +" * Envolver um `Mutex` em um `Arc` é um padrão comum para compartilhar o estado mutável entre threads.\n" +"* `v: Arc<_>` precisa ser clonado como `v2` antes que possa ser movido para outro thread. Note que `move` foi adicionado à assinatura lambda.\n" +"* Os blocos são introduzidos para restringir o escopo do `LockGuard` tanto quanto possível.\n" +"* Ainda precisamos adquirir o `Mutex` para imprimir nosso `Vec`." + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:3 +msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with" +msgstr "Vamos praticar nossas novas habilidades de concorrência com:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"* Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency.\n" +"\n" +"* Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to\n" +" download dependencies and then check links in parallel." +msgstr "" +"* Verificador de link _multi-threads_: um projeto maior no qual você usará o Cargo para\n" +" baixar as dependências e também verificar os links em paralelo." + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:1 +msgid "# Dining Philosophers" +msgstr "# Filósofos jantando" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:3 +msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:" +msgstr "O problema dos filósofos jantando é um problema clássico em concorrência:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:5 +msgid "" +"> Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has their\n" +"> own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish served is\n" +"> a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each philosopher can\n" +"> only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can only eat their\n" +"> spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two forks will only\n" +"> be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, not eating. After\n" +"> an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put down both forks." +msgstr "" +"> Cinco filósofos jantam juntos na mesma mesa. Cada folósofo tem seu\n" +"> próprio lugar à mesa. Há um garfo entre cada prato. O prato servido é\n" +"> uma espécie de espaguete que se come com dois garfos. Cada filósofo pode\n" +"> somente pensar ou comer, alternadamente. Além disso, um filósofo só pode comer seu\n" +"> espaguete quando ele têm garfo esquerdo e direito. Assim, dois garfos só\n" +"> estarão disponíveis quando seus dois vizinhos mais próximos estiverem pensando, não comendo. Depois de\n" +"> um filósofo individual termina de comer, ele abaixa os dois garfos." + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:13 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) for\n" +"this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill out the\n" +"blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:" +msgstr "" +"Você precisará de uma [instalação do Cargo][../../cargo/running-locally.md] local para\n" +"esse exercício. Copie o código abaixo para o arquivo `src/main.rs`, preencha os espaços em branco,\n" +"e teste se `cargo run` não trava:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:19 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::time::Duration;\n" +"\n" +"struct Fork;\n" +"\n" +"struct Philosopher {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" // left_fork: ...\n" +" // right_fork: ...\n" +" // thoughts: ...\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Philosopher {\n" +" fn think(&self) {\n" +" self.thoughts\n" +" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn eat(&self) {\n" +" // Pick up forks...\n" +" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" +" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" // Create forks\n" +"\n" +" // Create philosophers\n" +"\n" +" // Make them think and eat\n" +"\n" +" // Output their thoughts\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:61 +msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:65 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[package]\n" +"name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n" +"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" +"edition = \"2021\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:1 +msgid "# Multi-threaded Link Checker" +msgstr "# Verificador de links _multi-threads_" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:3 +msgid "" +"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It should\n" +"start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It should\n" +"recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this until all\n" +"pages have been validated." +msgstr "" +"Vamos usar nosso novo conhecimento para criar um verificador de links _multi-threads_. \n" +"Comece em uma página da web e verifique se os links na página são válidos. \n" +"Verifique recursivamente outras páginas no mesmo domínio e continue fazendo isso até que todas\n" +"as páginas tenham sido validadas." + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:8 +msgid "" +"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`][1]. Create a new\n" +"Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:" +msgstr "" +"Para isso, você precisará de um cliente HTTP como [`reqwest`][1]. Crie um novo\n" +"Project com o Cargo e adicione `reqwest` como uma dependência:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:11 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo new link-checker\n" +"$ cd link-checker\n" +"$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo new link-checker\n" +"$ cd link-checker\n" +"$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:17 +msgid "" +"> If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the\n" +"> `Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below." +msgstr "" +"> Se `cargo add` falhar com `error: no such subcommand`, edite o\n" +"> arquivo `Cargo.toml` à mão. Adicione as dependências listadas abaixo." + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:20 +msgid "You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`][2] for that:" +msgstr "Você também precisará de uma maneira de encontrar links. Podemos usar [`scraper`][2] para isso:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:22 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo add scraper\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo add scraper\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:26 +msgid "" +"Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`][3] for\n" +"that:" +msgstr "" +"Por fim, precisaremos de alguma forma de lidar com os erros. Usamos [`thiserror`][3] para\n" +"isso:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:29 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo add thiserror\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo add thiserror\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:33 +msgid "The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:" +msgstr "As chamadas `cargo add` irão atualizar o arquivo `Cargo.toml` para ficar assim:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:37 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[package]\n" +"name = \"link-checker\"\n" +"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" +"edition = \"2021\"\n" +"publish = false\n" +"\n" +"[dependencies]\n" +"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-tls\"] }\n" +"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n" +"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```toml\n" +"[dependências]\n" +"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-tls\"] }\n" +"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n" +"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:50 +msgid "" +"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as\n" +"`https://www.google.org/`." +msgstr "" +"Agora você pode baixar a página inicial. Tente com um pequeno site como\n" +"`https://www.google.org/`." + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:53 +msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:" +msgstr "Seu arquivo `src/main.rs` deve se parecer com isto:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:57 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"use reqwest::blocking::{get, Response};\n" +"use reqwest::Url;\n" +"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n" +"use thiserror::Error;\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n" +"enum Error {\n" +" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n" +" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn extract_links(response: Response) -> Result, Error> {\n" +" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n" +" let document = response.text()?;\n" +" let html = Html::parse_document(&document);\n" +" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" let mut valid_urls = Vec::new();\n" +" for element in html.select(&selector) {\n" +" if let Some(href) = element.value().attr(\"href\") {\n" +" match base_url.join(href) {\n" +" Ok(url) => valid_urls.push(url),\n" +" Err(err) => {\n" +" println!(\"On {base_url}: could not parse {href:?}: {err} (ignored)\",);\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" Ok(valid_urls)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n" +" let response = get(start_url).unwrap();\n" +" match extract_links(response) {\n" +" Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n" +" Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:100 +msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with" +msgstr "Execute o código em `src/main.rs` com" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:102 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:106 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:140 +msgid "## Tasks" +msgstr "## Tarefas" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:108 +msgid "" +"* Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a\n" +" channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel.\n" +"* Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the\n" +" `www.google.org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you\n" +" don't end up being blocked by the site." +msgstr "" +"* Use _threads_ para verificar os links em paralelo: envie as URLs a serem verificadas para um\n" +" _channel_ e deixe alguns _threads_ verificarem as URLs em paralelo.\n" +"* Estenda isso para extrair recursivamente links de todas as páginas no\n" +" domínio `www.google.org`. Coloque um limite máximo de 100 páginas ou menos para que você\n" +" não acabe sendo bloqueado pelo site." + +#: src/async.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Async Rust" +msgstr "# Por que Rust?" + +#: src/async.md:3 +msgid "" +"\"Async\" is a concurrency model where multiple tasks are executed concurrently by\n" +"executing each task until it would block, then switching to another task that is\n" +"ready to make progress. The model allows running a larger number of tasks on a\n" +"limited number of threads. This is because the per-task overhead is typically\n" +"very low and operating systems provide primitives for efficiently identifying\n" +"I/O that is able to proceed." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async.md:10 +msgid "" +"Rust's asynchronous operation is based on \"futures\", which represent work that\n" +"may be completed in the future. Futures are \"polled\" until they signal that\n" +"they are complete." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async.md:14 +msgid "" +"Futures are polled by an async runtime, and several different runtimes are\n" +"available." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async.md:17 +#, fuzzy +msgid "## Comparisons" +msgstr "# Comparação" + +#: src/async.md:19 +msgid "" +" * Python has a similar model in its `asyncio`. However, its `Future` type is\n" +" callback-based, and not polled. Async Python programs require a \"loop\",\n" +" similar to a runtime in Rust.\n" +"\n" +" * JavaScript's `Promise` is similar, but again callback-based. The language\n" +" runtime implements the event loop, so many of the details of Promise\n" +" resolution are hidden." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:1 +msgid "# `async`/`await`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:3 +msgid "At a high level, async Rust code looks very much like \"normal\" sequential code:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use futures::executor::block_on;\n" +"\n" +"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n" +" for i in 1..=count {\n" +" println!(\"Count is: {i}!\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"async fn async_main(count: i32) {\n" +" count_to(count).await;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" block_on(async_main(10));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:27 +msgid "" +"* Note that this is a simplified example to show the syntax. There is no long\n" +" running operation or any real concurrency in it!\n" +"\n" +"* What is the return type of an async call?\n" +" * Use `let future: () = async_main(10);` in `main` to see the type.\n" +"\n" +"* The \"async\" keyword is syntactic sugar. The compiler replaces the return type\n" +" with a future. \n" +"\n" +"* You cannot make `main` async, without additional instructions to the compiler\n" +" on how to use the returned future.\n" +"\n" +"* You need an executor to run async code. `block_on` blocks the current thread\n" +" until the provided future has run to completion. \n" +"\n" +"* `.await` asynchronously waits for the completion of another operation. Unlike\n" +" `block_on`, `.await` doesn't block the current thread.\n" +"\n" +"* `.await` can only be used inside an `async` function (or block; these are\n" +" introduced later). " +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/futures.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Futures" +msgstr "# Closures" + +#: src/async/futures.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html)\n" +"is a trait, implemented by objects that represent an operation that may not be\n" +"complete yet. A future can be polled, and `poll` returns a\n" +"[`Poll`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/futures.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"use std::pin::Pin;\n" +"use std::task::Context;\n" +"\n" +"pub trait Future {\n" +" type Output;\n" +" fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub enum Poll {\n" +" Ready(T),\n" +" Pending,\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/futures.md:23 +msgid "" +"An async function returns an `impl Future`. It's also possible (but uncommon) to\n" +"implement `Future` for your own types. For example, the `JoinHandle` returned\n" +"from `tokio::spawn` implements `Future` to allow joining to it." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/futures.md:27 +msgid "" +"The `.await` keyword, applied to a Future, causes the current async function to\n" +"pause until that Future is ready, and then evaluates to its output." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/futures.md:32 +msgid "" +"* The `Future` and `Poll` types are implemented exactly as shown; click the\n" +" links to show the implementations in the docs.\n" +"\n" +"* We will not get to `Pin` and `Context`, as we will focus on writing async\n" +" code, rather than building new async primitives. Briefly:\n" +"\n" +" * `Context` allows a Future to schedule itself to be polled again when an\n" +" event occurs.\n" +"\n" +" * `Pin` ensures that the Future isn't moved in memory, so that pointers into\n" +" that future remain valid. This is required to allow references to remain\n" +" valid after an `.await`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Runtimes" +msgstr "# Garantias de tempo de execução" + +#: src/async/runtimes.md:3 +msgid "" +"A *runtime* provides support for performing operations asynchronously (a\n" +"*reactor*) and is responsible for executing futures (an *executor*). Rust does not have a\n" +"\"built-in\" runtime, but several options are available:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes.md:7 +msgid "" +" * [Tokio](https://tokio.rs/) - performant, with a well-developed ecosystem of\n" +" functionality like [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) for HTTP or\n" +" [Tonic](https://github.com/hyperium/tonic) for gRPC.\n" +" * [async-std](https://async.rs/) - aims to be a \"std for async\", and includes a\n" +" basic runtime in `async::task`.\n" +" * [smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/) - simple and lightweight" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes.md:14 +msgid "" +"Several larger applications have their own runtimes. For example,\n" +"[Fuchsia](https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/fuchsia-async/src/lib.rs)\n" +"already has one." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes.md:20 +msgid "" +"* Note that of the listed runtimes, only Tokio is supported in the Rust\n" +" playground. The playground also does not permit any I/O, so most interesting\n" +" async things can't run in the playground.\n" +"\n" +"* Futures are \"inert\" in that they do not do anything (not even start an I/O\n" +" operation) unless there is an executor polling them. This differs from JS\n" +" Promises, for example, which will run to completion even if they are never\n" +" used." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:1 +msgid "# Tokio" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:4 +msgid "Tokio provides: " +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:6 +msgid "" +"* A multi-threaded runtime for executing asynchronous code.\n" +"* An asynchronous version of the standard library.\n" +"* A large ecosystem of libraries." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:10 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use tokio::time;\n" +"\n" +"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n" +" for i in 1..=count {\n" +" println!(\"Count in task: {i}!\");\n" +" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" tokio::spawn(count_to(10));\n" +"\n" +" for i in 1..5 {\n" +" println!(\"Main task: {i}\");\n" +" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:33 +msgid "" +"* With the `tokio::main` macro we can now make `main` async.\n" +"\n" +"* The `spawn` function creates a new, concurrent \"task\".\n" +"\n" +"* Note: `spawn` takes a `Future`, you don't call `.await` on `count_to`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:39 +msgid "**Further exploration:**" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:41 +msgid "" +"* Why does `count_to` not (usually) get to 10? This is an example of async\n" +" cancellation. `tokio::spawn` returns a handle which can be awaited to wait\n" +" until it finishes.\n" +"\n" +"* Try `count_to(10).await` instead of spawning.\n" +"\n" +"* Try awaiting the task returned from `tokio::spawn`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Tasks" +msgstr "## Tarefas" + +#: src/async/tasks.md:3 +msgid "" +"Runtimes have the concept of a \"task\", similar to a thread but much\n" +"less resource-intensive." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md:6 +msgid "" +"A task has a single top-level future which the executor polls to make progress.\n" +"That future may have one or more nested futures that its `poll` method polls,\n" +"corresponding loosely to a call stack. Concurrency within a task is possible by\n" +"polling multiple child futures, such as racing a timer and an I/O operation." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md:11 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"use tokio::io::{self, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};\n" +"use tokio::net::TcpListener;\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {\n" +" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:6142\").await?;\n" +"\tprintln!(\"listening on port 6142\");\n" +"\n" +" loop {\n" +" let (mut socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"connection from {addr:?}\");\n" +"\n" +" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" +" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(b\"Who are you?\\n\").await {\n" +" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" +" return;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" let mut buf = vec![0; 1024];\n" +" let reply = match socket.read(&mut buf).await {\n" +" Ok(n) => {\n" +" let name = std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..n]).unwrap().trim();\n" +" format!(\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\")\n" +" }\n" +" Err(e) => {\n" +" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" +" return;\n" +" }\n" +" };\n" +"\n" +" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(reply.as_bytes()).await {\n" +" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" +" }\n" +" });\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md:53 src/async/control-flow/join.md:36 +msgid "Copy this example into your prepared `src/main.rs` and run it from there." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md:55 +msgid "" +"* Ask students to visualize what the state of the example server would be with a\n" +" few connected clients. What tasks exist? What are their Futures?\n" +"\n" +"* This is the first time we've seen an `async` block. This is similar to a\n" +" closure, but does not take any arguments. Its return value is a Future,\n" +" similar to an `async fn`. \n" +"\n" +"* Refactor the async block into a function, and improve the error handling using `?`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/channels.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Async Channels" +msgstr "# Channels (Canais)" + +#: src/async/channels.md:3 +msgid "Several crates have support for `async`/`await`. For instance `tokio` channels:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/channels.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n" +"\n" +"async fn ping_handler(mut input: Receiver<()>) {\n" +" let mut count: usize = 0;\n" +"\n" +" while let Some(_) = input.recv().await {\n" +" count += 1;\n" +" println!(\"Received {count} pings so far.\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"ping_handler complete\");\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" +" let ping_handler_task = tokio::spawn(ping_handler(receiver));\n" +" for i in 0..10 {\n" +" sender.send(()).await.expect(\"Failed to send ping.\");\n" +" println!(\"Sent {} pings so far.\", i + 1);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" std::mem::drop(sender);\n" +" ping_handler_task.await.expect(\"Something went wrong in ping handler task.\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/channels.md:35 +msgid "" +"* Change the channel size to `3` and see how it affects the execution.\n" +"\n" +"* Overall, the interface is similar to the `sync` channels as seen in the\n" +" [morning class](concurrency/channels.md).\n" +"\n" +"* Try removing the `std::mem::drop` call. What happens? Why?\n" +"\n" +"* The [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) crate has channels that\n" +" implement both `sync` and `async` `send` and `recv`. This can be convenient\n" +" for complex applications with both IO and heavy CPU processing tasks.\n" +"\n" +"* What makes working with `async` channels preferable is the ability to combine\n" +" them with other `future`s to combine them and create complex control flow." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Futures Control Flow" +msgstr "# Controle de fluxo" + +#: src/async/control-flow.md:3 +msgid "" +"Futures can be combined together to produce concurrent compute flow graphs. We\n" +"have already seen tasks, that function as independent threads of execution." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow.md:6 +msgid "" +"- [Join](control-flow/join.md)\n" +"- [Select](control-flow/select.md)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:1 +msgid "# Join" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:3 +msgid "" +"A join operation waits until all of a set of futures are ready, and\n" +"returns a collection of their results. This is similar to `Promise.all` in\n" +"JavaScript or `asyncio.gather` in Python." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use anyhow::Result;\n" +"use futures::future;\n" +"use reqwest;\n" +"use std::collections::HashMap;\n" +"\n" +"async fn size_of_page(url: &str) -> Result {\n" +" let resp = reqwest::get(url).await?;\n" +" Ok(resp.text().await?.len())\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" let urls: [&str; 4] = [\n" +" \"https://google.com\",\n" +" \"https://httpbin.org/ip\",\n" +" \"https://play.rust-lang.org/\",\n" +" \"BAD_URL\",\n" +" ];\n" +" let futures_iter = urls.into_iter().map(size_of_page);\n" +" let results = future::join_all(futures_iter).await;\n" +" let page_sizes_dict: HashMap<&str, Result> =\n" +" urls.into_iter().zip(results.into_iter()).collect();\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", page_sizes_dict);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:38 +msgid "" +"* For multiple futures of disjoint types, you can use `std::future::join!` but\n" +" you must know how many futures you will have at compile time. This is\n" +" currently in the `futures` crate, soon to be stabilised in `std::future`.\n" +"\n" +"* The risk of `join` is that one of the futures may never resolve, this would\n" +" cause your program to stall. \n" +"\n" +"* You can also combine `join_all` with `join!` for instance to join all requests\n" +" to an http service as well as a database query. Try adding a\n" +" `tokio::time::sleep` to the future, using `futures::join!`. This is not a\n" +" timeout (that requires `select!`, explained in the next chapter), but demonstrates `join!`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Select" +msgstr "# Configurar" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:3 +msgid "" +"A select operation waits until any of a set of futures is ready, and responds to\n" +"that future's result. In JavaScript, this is similar to `Promise.race`. In\n" +"Python, it compares to `asyncio.wait(task_set,\n" +"return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED)`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:8 +msgid "" +"This is usually a macro, similar to match, with each arm of the form `pattern =\n" +"future => statement`. When the future is ready, the statement is executed with the\n" +"variable bound to the future's result." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:12 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n" +"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\n" +"enum Animal {\n" +" Cat { name: String },\n" +" Dog { name: String },\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"async fn first_animal_to_finish_race(\n" +" mut cat_rcv: Receiver,\n" +" mut dog_rcv: Receiver,\n" +") -> Option {\n" +" tokio::select! {\n" +" cat_name = cat_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Cat { name: cat_name? }),\n" +" dog_name = dog_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Dog { name: dog_name? })\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" let (cat_sender, cat_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" +" let (dog_sender, dog_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" +" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" +" sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;\n" +" cat_sender\n" +" .send(String::from(\"Felix\"))\n" +" .await\n" +" .expect(\"Failed to send cat.\");\n" +" });\n" +" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" +" sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await;\n" +" dog_sender\n" +" .send(String::from(\"Rex\"))\n" +" .await\n" +" .expect(\"Failed to send dog.\");\n" +" });\n" +"\n" +" let winner = first_animal_to_finish_race(cat_receiver, dog_receiver)\n" +" .await\n" +" .expect(\"Failed to receive winner\");\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Winner is {winner:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:61 +msgid "" +"* In this example, we have a race between a cat and a dog.\n" +" `first_animal_to_finish_race` listens to both channels and will pick whichever\n" +" arrives first. Since the dog takes 50ms, it wins against the cat that\n" +" take 500ms seconds.\n" +"\n" +"* You can use `oneshot` channels in this example as the channels are supposed to\n" +" receive only one `send`.\n" +"\n" +"* Try adding a deadline to the race, demonstrating selecting different sorts of\n" +" futures.\n" +"\n" +"* Note that `select!` moves the values it is given. It is easiest to use\n" +" when every execution of `select!` creates new futures. An alternative is to\n" +" pass `&mut future` instead of the future itself, but this can lead to\n" +" issues, further discussed in the pinning slide." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls.md:1 +msgid "# Pitfalls of async/await" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls.md:3 +msgid "Async / await provides convenient and efficient abstraction for concurrent asynchronous programming. However, the async/await model in Rust also comes with its share of pitfalls and footguns. We illustrate some of them in this chapter:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls.md:5 +msgid "" +"- [Blocking the Executor](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)\n" +"- [Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)\n" +"- [Async Traits](pitfall/async-traits.md)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:1 +msgid "# Blocking the executor" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:3 +msgid "" +"Most async runtimes only allow IO tasks to run concurrently.\n" +"This means that CPU blocking tasks will block the executor and prevent other tasks from being executed.\n" +"An easy workaround is to use async equivalent methods where possible." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use futures::future::join_all;\n" +"use std::time::Instant;\n" +"\n" +"async fn sleep_ms(start: &Instant, id: u64, duration_ms: u64) {\n" +" std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(duration_ms));\n" +" println!(\n" +" \"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\",\n" +" start.elapsed().as_millis()\n" +" );\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main(flavor = \"current_thread\")]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" let start = Instant::now();\n" +" let sleep_futures = (1..=10).map(|t| sleep_ms(&start, t, t * 10));\n" +" join_all(sleep_futures).await;\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:29 +msgid "" +"* Run the code and see that the sleeps happen consecutively rather than\n" +" concurrently.\n" +"\n" +"* The `\"current_thread\"` flavor puts all tasks on a single thread. This makes the\n" +" effect more obvious, but the bug is still present in the multi-threaded\n" +" flavor.\n" +"\n" +"* Switch the `std::thread::sleep` to `tokio::time::sleep` and await its result.\n" +"\n" +"* Another fix would be to `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` which spawns an actual\n" +" thread and transforms its handle into a future without blocking the executor.\n" +"\n" +"* You should not think of tasks as OS threads. They do not map 1 to 1 and most\n" +" executors will allow many tasks to run on a single OS thread. This is\n" +" particularly problematic when interacting with other libraries via FFI, where\n" +" that library might depend on thread-local storage or map to specific OS\n" +" threads (e.g., CUDA). Prefer `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` in such situations.\n" +"\n" +"* Use sync mutexes with care. Holding a mutex over an `.await` may cause another\n" +" task to block, and that task may be running on the same thread." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:1 +msgid "# Pin" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:3 +msgid "" +"When you await a future, all local variables (that would ordinarily be stored on\n" +"a stack frame) are instead stored in the Future for the current async block. If your\n" +"future has pointers to data on the stack, those pointers might get invalidated.\n" +"This is unsafe." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:8 +msgid "" +"Therefore, you must guarantee that the addresses your future points to don't\n" +"change. That is why we need to `pin` futures. Using the same future repeatedly\n" +"in a `select!` often leads to issues with pinned values." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:12 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};\n" +"use tokio::task::spawn;\n" +"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" +"\n" +"// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond\n" +"// with a message on the `respond_on` channel.\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Work {\n" +" input: u32,\n" +" respond_on: oneshot::Sender,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n" +"async fn worker(mut work_queue: mpsc::Receiver) {\n" +" let mut iterations = 0;\n" +" loop {\n" +" tokio::select! {\n" +" Some(work) = work_queue.recv() => {\n" +" sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await; // Pretend to work.\n" +" work.respond_on\n" +" .send(work.input * 1000)\n" +" .expect(\"failed to send response\");\n" +" iterations += 1;\n" +" }\n" +" // TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n" +"async fn do_work(work_queue: &mpsc::Sender, input: u32) -> u32 {\n" +" let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();\n" +" work_queue\n" +" .send(Work {\n" +" input,\n" +" respond_on: tx,\n" +" })\n" +" .await\n" +" .expect(\"failed to send on work queue\");\n" +" rx.await.expect(\"failed waiting for response\")\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n" +" spawn(worker(rx));\n" +" for i in 0..100 {\n" +" let resp = do_work(&tx, i).await;\n" +" println!(\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:68 +msgid "" +"* You may recognize this as an example of the actor pattern. Actors\n" +" typically call `select!` in a loop.\n" +"\n" +"* This serves as a summation of a few of the previous lessons, so take your time\n" +" with it.\n" +"\n" +" * Naively add a `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }`\n" +" to the `select!`. This will never execute. Why?\n" +"\n" +" * Instead, add a `timeout_fut` containing that future outside of the `loop`:\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,compile_fail\n" +" let mut timeout_fut = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" +" loop {\n" +" select! {\n" +" ..,\n" +" _ = timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" ```\n" +" * This still doesn't work. Follow the compiler errors, adding `&mut` to the\n" +" `timeout_fut` in the `select!` to work around the move, then using\n" +" `Box::pin`:\n" +"\n" +" ```rust,compile_fail\n" +" let mut timeout_fut = Box::pin(sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)));\n" +" loop {\n" +" select! {\n" +" ..,\n" +" _ = &mut timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" ```\n" +"\n" +" * This compiles, but once the timeout expires it is `Poll::Ready` on every\n" +" iteration (a fused future would help with this). Update to reset\n" +" `timeout_fut` every time it expires.\n" +"\n" +"* Box allocates on the heap. In some cases, `std::pin::pin!` (only recently\n" +" stabilized, with older code often using `tokio::pin!`) is also an option, but\n" +" that is difficult to use for a future that is reassigned.\n" +"\n" +"* Another alternative is to not use `pin` at all but spawn another task that will send to a `oneshot` channel every 100ms." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Async Traits" +msgstr "# Traits (Características)" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:3 +msgid "Async methods in traits are not yet supported in the stable channel ([An experimental feature exists in nightly and should be stabilized in the mid term.](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-nightly.html))" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:5 +msgid "The crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) provides a workaround through a macro:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use async_trait::async_trait;\n" +"use std::time::Instant;\n" +"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" +"\n" +"#[async_trait]\n" +"trait Sleeper {\n" +" async fn sleep(&self);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct FixedSleeper {\n" +" sleep_ms: u64,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[async_trait]\n" +"impl Sleeper for FixedSleeper {\n" +" async fn sleep(&self) {\n" +" sleep(Duration::from_millis(self.sleep_ms)).await;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"async fn run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers: Vec>, n_times: usize) {\n" +" for _ in 0..n_times {\n" +" println!(\"running all sleepers..\");\n" +" for sleeper in &sleepers {\n" +" let start = Instant::now();\n" +" sleeper.sleep().await;\n" +" println!(\"slept for {}ms\", start.elapsed().as_millis());\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" let sleepers: Vec> = vec![\n" +" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 50 }),\n" +" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 100 }),\n" +" ];\n" +" run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers, 5).await;\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:49 +#, fuzzy +msgid "
" +msgstr "
" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:51 +msgid "" +"* `async_trait` is easy to use, but note that it's using heap allocations to\n" +" achieve this. This heap allocation has performance overhead.\n" +"\n" +"* The challenges in language support for `async trait` are deep Rust and\n" +" probably not worth describing in-depth. Niko Matsakis did a good job of\n" +" explaining them in [this\n" +" post](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-hard/)\n" +" if you are interested in digging deeper.\n" +"\n" +"* Try creating a new sleeper struct that will sleep for a random amount of time\n" +" and adding it to the Vec." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:3 +msgid "To practice your Async Rust skills, we have again two exercises for you:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:5 +msgid "" +"* Dining philosophers: we already saw this problem in the morning. This time\n" +" you are going to implement it with Async Rust.\n" +"\n" +"* A Broadcast Chat Application: this is a larger project that allows you\n" +" experiment with more advanced Async Rust features." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Dining Philosophers - Async" +msgstr "# Filósofos jantando" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:3 +msgid "" +"See [dining philosophers](dining-philosophers.md) for a description of the\n" +"problem." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:6 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"As before, you will need a local\n" +"[Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) for this exercise. Copy\n" +"the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill out the blanks, and test\n" +"that `cargo run` does not deadlock:" +msgstr "" +"Você precisará de uma [instalação do Cargo][../../cargo/running-locally.md] local para\n" +"esse exercício. Copie o código abaixo para o arquivo `src/main.rs`, preencha os espaços em branco,\n" +"e teste se `cargo run` não trava:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:13 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"use std::sync::Arc;\n" +"use tokio::time;\n" +"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n" +"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n" +"\n" +"struct Fork;\n" +"\n" +"struct Philosopher {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" // left_fork: ...\n" +" // right_fork: ...\n" +" // thoughts: ...\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Philosopher {\n" +" async fn think(&self) {\n" +" self.thoughts\n" +" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name)).await\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" async fn eat(&self) {\n" +" // Pick up forks...\n" +" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" +" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" +" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" // Create forks\n" +"\n" +" // Create philosophers\n" +"\n" +" // Make them think and eat\n" +"\n" +" // Output their thoughts\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:57 +msgid "" +"Since this time you are using Async Rust, you'll need a `tokio` dependency.\n" +"You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:62 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[package]\n" +"name = \"dining-philosophers-async-dine\"\n" +"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" +"edition = \"2021\"\n" +"\n" +"[dependencies]\n" +"tokio = {version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", \"rt-multi-thread\"]}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:72 +msgid "" +"Also note that this time you have to use the `Mutex` and the `mpsc` module\n" +"from the `tokio` crate." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:77 +msgid "* Can you make your implementation single-threaded? " +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:1 +msgid "# Broadcast Chat Application" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:3 +msgid "" +"In this exercise, we want to use our new knowledge to implement a broadcast\n" +"chat application. We have a chat server that the clients connect to and publish\n" +"their messages. The client reads user messages from the standard input, and\n" +"sends them to the server. The chat server broadcasts each message that it\n" +"receives to all the clients." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:9 +msgid "" +"For this, we use [a broadcast channel][1] on the server, and\n" +"[`tokio_websockets`][2] for the communication between the client and the\n" +"server." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:13 +msgid "Create a new Cargo project and add the following dependencies:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:15 +msgid "`Cargo.toml`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:19 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[package]\n" +"name = \"chat-async\"\n" +"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" +"edition = \"2021\"\n" +"\n" +"[dependencies]\n" +"futures-util = \"0.3.28\"\n" +"http = \"0.2.9\"\n" +"tokio = { version = \"1.28.1\", features = [\"full\"] }\n" +"tokio-websockets = \"0.3.2\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:32 +msgid "## The required APIs" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:33 +msgid "" +"You are going to need the following functions from `tokio` and\n" +"[`tokio_websockets`][2]. Spend a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the\n" +"API. " +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:37 +msgid "" +"- [WebsocketStream::next()][3]: for asynchronously reading messages from a\n" +" Websocket Stream.\n" +"- [SinkExt::send()][4] implemented by `WebsocketStream`: for asynchronously\n" +" sending messages on a Websocket Stream.\n" +"- [BufReader::read_line()][5]: for asynchronously reading user messages\n" +" from the standard input.\n" +"- [Sender::subscribe()][6]: for subscribing to a broadcast channel." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:46 +#, fuzzy +msgid "## Two binaries" +msgstr "# Binários Rust" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:48 +msgid "" +"Normally in a Cargo project, you can have only one binary, and one\n" +"`src/main.rs` file. In this project, we need two binaries. One for the client,\n" +"and one for the server. You could potentially make them two separate Cargo\n" +"projects, but we are going to put them in a single Cargo project with two\n" +"binaries. For this to work, the client and the server code should go under\n" +"`src/bin` (see the [documentation][7]). " +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:55 +msgid "" +"Copy the following server and client code into `src/bin/server.rs` and\n" +"`src/bin/client.rs`, respectively. Your task is to complete these files as\n" +"described below. " +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:59 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:117 +msgid "`src/bin/server.rs`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:61 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:63 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n" +"use std::error::Error;\n" +"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n" +"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n" +"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n" +"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n" +"\n" +"async fn handle_connection(\n" +" addr: SocketAddr,\n" +" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream,\n" +" bcast_tx: Sender,\n" +") -> Result<(), Box> {\n" +"\n" +" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n" +"\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" +" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n" +"\n" +" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n" +" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n" +"\n" +" loop {\n" +" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" +" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n" +" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n" +" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" +" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n" +" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n" +"\n" +" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n" +" });\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:102 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:202 +msgid "`src/bin/client.rs`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:104 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:106 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n" +"use http::Uri;\n" +"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n" +"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n" +" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n" +" .connect()\n" +" .await?;\n" +"\n" +" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n" +" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin);\n" +"\n" +"\n" +" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n" +"\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:127 +#, fuzzy +msgid "## Running the binaries" +msgstr "# Executando o curso" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:128 +msgid "Run the server with:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:130 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run --bin server\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:134 +msgid "and the client with:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:136 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run --bin client\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:142 +msgid "" +"* Implement the `handle_connection` function in `src/bin/server.rs`.\n" +" * Hint: Use `tokio::select!` for concurrently performing two tasks in a\n" +" continuous loop. One task receives messages from the client and broadcasts\n" +" them. The other sends messages received by the server to the client.\n" +"* Complete the main function in `src/bin/client.rs`.\n" +" * Hint: As before, use `tokio::select!` in a continuous loop for concurrently\n" +" performing two tasks: (1) reading user messages from standard input and\n" +" sending them to the server, and (2) receiving messages from the server, and\n" +" displaying them for the user.\n" +"* Optional: Once you are done, change the code to broadcast messages to all\n" +" clients, but the sender of the message." +msgstr "" + #: src/thanks.md:1 msgid "# Thanks!" msgstr "# Obrigado!" @@ -15964,6 +17755,7 @@ msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:" msgstr "Uma pequena seleção de outros guias e tutoriais para Rust:" #: src/other-resources.md:37 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "* [Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust\n" " from the perspective of low-level C programmers.\n" @@ -15985,7 +17777,11 @@ msgid "" " [Take your first steps with\n" " Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): two\n" " Rust guides aimed at new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and the\n" -" second is a set of 11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs." +" second is a set of 11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs.\n" +"* [Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked\n" +" Lists](https://rust-unofficial.github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth\n" +" exploration of Rust's memory management rules, through implementing a few\n" +" different types of list structures." msgstr "" "* [Aprenda Rust da maneira perigosa](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): cobre Rust\n" " da perspectiva de programadores C de baixo nível.\n" @@ -16008,7 +17804,7 @@ msgstr "" " guias Rust voltados para novos desenvolvedores. O primeiro é um conjunto de 35 vídeos e o\n" " o segundo é um conjunto de 11 módulos que cobrem a sintaxe Rust e as construções básicas." -#: src/other-resources.md:59 +#: src/other-resources.md:63 msgid "" "Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) for\n" "even more Rust books." @@ -16124,10 +17920,7 @@ msgstr "## Vetores e laços `for`" msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](for-loops.md))" -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:7 src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:7 -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:7 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:7 -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:102 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:7 -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:7 src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:7 +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:7 msgid "" "```rust\n" "// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" @@ -16142,25 +17935,8 @@ msgid "" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License." -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:22 -msgid "" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: transpose\n" "fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n" @@ -16171,40 +17947,16 @@ msgid "" " }\n" " }\n" " return result;\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: transpose\n" -"fn transposta(matriz: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n" -" let mut resultado = [[0; 3]; 3];\n" -" for i in 0..3 {\n" -" for j in 0..3 {\n" -" resultado[j][i] = matriz[i][j];\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" return resultado;\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:34 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n" "fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n" " for row in matrix {\n" " println!(\"{row:?}\");\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n" -"fn impressao_formatada(matriz: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n" -" for linha in matriz {\n" -" println!(\"{linha:?}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:42 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: tests\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_transpose() {\n" @@ -16223,100 +17975,52 @@ msgid "" " ]\n" " );\n" "}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: tests" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: tests\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_transposta() {\n" -" let matriz = [\n" -" [101, 102, 103], //\n" -" [201, 202, 203],\n" -" [301, 302, 303],\n" -" ];\n" -" let matriz_transposta = transposta(matriz);\n" -" assert_eq!(\n" -" matriz_transposta,\n" -" [\n" -" [101, 201, 301], //\n" -" [102, 202, 302],\n" -" [103, 203, 303],\n" -" ]\n" -" );\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: tests" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:62 -msgid "" +"// ANCHOR_END: tests\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: main\n" "fn main() {\n" " let matrix = [\n" " [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" " [201, 202, 203],\n" " [301, 302, 303],\n" -" ];" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let matriz = [\n" -" [101, 102, 103], // <-- o comentário faz com que o rustfmt adicione uma nova linha\n" -" [201, 202, 203],\n" -" [301, 302, 303],\n" -" ];" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:73 -msgid "" +" ];\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"matrix:\");\n" +" pretty_print(&matrix);\n" +"\n" " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" " println!(\"transposed:\");\n" " pretty_print(&transposed);\n" "}\n" -"```\n" -"### Bonus question" +"```" msgstr "" -" let matriz_transposta = transposta(matriz);\n" -" println!(\"Transposta:\");\n" -" impressao_formatada(&matriz_transposta);\n" -"}\n" -"```\n" -"### Pergunta bônus" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:78 +#, fuzzy +msgid "### Bonus question" +msgstr "## Pergunta Bônus" #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:80 -msgid "" -"It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a slice-of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to " -"transpose and thus make our function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks down: the return type cannot " -"be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the data you return." -msgstr "" -"Isso necessita a utilização de conceitos mais avançados. Pode parecer que poderíamos usar uma slice de slices (`&[&[i32]]`) como o tipo de " -"entrada para `transposta` e, assim, fazer nossa função lidar com qualquer tamanho de matriz. No entanto, isso falha " -"rapidamente: o tipo de retorno não pode ser `&[&[i32]]`, pois ele precisa possuir os dados que você retorna." +msgid "It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a slice-of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus make our function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks down: the return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the data you return." +msgstr "Isso necessita a utilização de conceitos mais avançados. Pode parecer que poderíamos usar uma slice de slices (`&[&[i32]]`) como o tipo de entrada para `transposta` e, assim, fazer nossa função lidar com qualquer tamanho de matriz. No entanto, isso falha rapidamente: o tipo de retorno não pode ser `&[&[i32]]`, pois ele precisa possuir os dados que você retorna." #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:82 -msgid "" -"You can attempt to use something like `Vec>`, but this doesn't work out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert " -"from `Vec>` to `&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either." -msgstr "" -"Você pode tentar usar algo como `Vec>`, mas isso também não funciona muito bem: é difícil converter de " -"`Vec>` para `&[&[i32]] ` então agora você também não pode usar `impressao_formatada` facilmente." +msgid "You can attempt to use something like `Vec>`, but this doesn't work out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec>` to `&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either." +msgstr "Você pode tentar usar algo como `Vec>`, mas isso também não funciona muito bem: é difícil converter de `Vec>` para `&[&[i32]] ` então agora você também não pode usar `impressao_formatada` facilmente." #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:84 -msgid "" -"Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::convert::AsRef`][1] trait to abstract over anything " -"that can be referenced as a slice." +msgid "Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::convert::AsRef`][1] trait to abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice." msgstr "" "Assim que chegarmos aos _traits_ and _generics_, podemos usar o _trait_ [`std::convert::AsRef`][1] para abstrair qualquer coisa\n" "que pode ser referenciada como um _slice_." #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:86 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust\n" "use std::convert::AsRef;\n" -"use std::fmt::Debug;" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"use std::convert::AsRef;\n" -"use std::fmt::Debug;" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:90 -msgid "" +"use std::fmt::Debug;\n" +"\n" "fn pretty_print(matrix: Matrix)\n" "where\n" " T: Debug,\n" @@ -16328,7 +18032,17 @@ msgid "" " for row in matrix.as_ref() {\n" " println!(\"{:?}\", row.as_ref());\n" " }\n" -"}" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" // &[&[i32]]\n" +" pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n" +" // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n" +" pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n" +" // Vec>\n" +" pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n" +"}\n" +"```" msgstr "" "fn impressao_formatada(matriz: Matriz)\n" "where\n" @@ -16343,39 +18057,9 @@ msgstr "" " }\n" "}" -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:103 -msgid "" -"fn main() {\n" -" // &[&[i32]]\n" -" pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n" -" // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n" -" pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n" -" // Vec>\n" -" pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" // &[&[i32]]\n" -" impressao_formatada(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n" -" // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n" -" impressao_formatada([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n" -" // Vec>\n" -" impressao_formatada(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:113 -msgid "" -"In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are of the same length, so such variable could contain " -"an invalid matrix." -msgstr "" -"Além disso, o próprio tipo não imporia que as slices filhas tenham o mesmo comprimento, portanto, tal variável poderia " -"conter uma matriz inválida." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:115 -msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html" -msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html" +msgid "In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are of the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix." +msgstr "Além disso, o próprio tipo não imporia que as slices filhas tenham o mesmo comprimento, portanto, tal variável poderia conter uma matriz inválida." #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:1 msgid "# Day 1 Afternoon Exercises" @@ -16389,262 +18073,166 @@ msgstr "## Projetando uma biblioteca" msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](book-library.md))" -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:22 +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:7 msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: setup\n" "struct Library {\n" " books: Vec,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: configuração\n" -"struct Biblioteca {\n" -" livros: Vec,\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:42 -msgid "" -"// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n" -"impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n" -" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n" -" write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Book {\n" +" title: String,\n" +" year: u16,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Book {\n" +" // This is a constructor, used below.\n" +" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n" +" Book {\n" +" title: String::from(title),\n" +" year,\n" +" }\n" " }\n" "}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: setup" -msgstr "" -"// Isso torna possível imprimir valores de livros com {}.\n" -"impl std::fmt::Display for Livro {\n" -" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n" -" write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.titulo, self.ano)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: Configuração" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:50 -msgid "" -"// ANCHOR: Library_new\n" +"\n" +"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n" +"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n" +"//\n" +"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n" +"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n" +"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n" "impl Library {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Library_new\n" " fn new() -> Library {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n" " Library { books: Vec::new() }\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"impl Biblioteca {\n" -" // ANCHOR: Library_new\n" -" fn new() -> Biblioteca {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n" -" Biblioteca { livros: Vec::new() }\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:57 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " // ANCHOR: Library_len\n" " //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" +" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n" " //}\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n" " fn len(&self) -> usize {\n" " self.books.len()\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" // ANCHOR: Library_len\n" -" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" -" ///}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n" -" fn tamanho(&self) -> usize {\n" -" self.livros.len()\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:66 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n" " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" +" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n" " //}\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n" " fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n" " self.books.is_empty()\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n" -" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" -" //}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n" -" fn esta_vazia(&self) -> bool {\n" -" self.livros.is_empty()\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:75 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n" " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" +" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n" " //}\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n" " fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n" " self.books.push(book)\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n" -" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" -" ///}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n" -" fn adiciona_livro(&mut self, livro: Livro) {\n" -" self.livros.push(livro)\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:84 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n" " //fn print_books(self) {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" +" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and year\")\n" " //}\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n" " fn print_books(&self) {\n" " for book in &self.books {\n" -" println!(\"{}\", book);\n" +" println!(\"{}, published in {}\", book.title, book.year);\n" " }\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n" -" //fn print_books(self) {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" -" ///}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n" -" fn imprime_livros(&self) {\n" -" for livro in &self.livros {\n" -" println!(\"{}\", livro);\n" -" }\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:95 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n" " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" -" // unimplemented!()\n" +" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n" " //}\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n" " fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" -" self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n" +" // Using a closure and a built-in method:\n" +" // self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n" +"\n" +" // Longer hand-written solution:\n" +" let mut oldest: Option<&Book> = None;\n" +" for book in self.books.iter() {\n" +" if oldest.is_none() || book.year < oldest.unwrap().year {\n" +" oldest = Some(book);\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" oldest\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n" -" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" -" // não implementado!()\n" -" ///}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n" -" fn livro_mais_antigo(&self) -> Option<&Livro> {\n" -" self.livros.iter().min_by_key(|livro| livro.ano)\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:105 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: main\n" "// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n" "// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n" "// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n" "// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n" "fn main() {\n" -" let library = Library::new();" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"// Isso mostra o comportamento desejado. Descomente o código abaixo e\n" -"// implementa os métodos ausentes. Você precisará atualizar o\n" -"// assinaturas de método, incluindo o parâmetro \"self\"! Você pode\n" -"// também precisa atualizar as ligações de variáveis dentro de main.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:113 -msgid "" -" //println!(\"Our library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n" +" let library = Library::new();\n" +"\n" +" //println!(\"The library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n" " //\n" " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" " //\n" +" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n" +" //\n" +" //\n" " //library.print_books();\n" " //\n" " //match library.oldest_book() {\n" -" // Some(book) => println!(\"My oldest book is {book}\"),\n" -" // None => println!(\"My library is empty!\"),\n" +" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n" +" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n" " //}\n" " //\n" -" //println!(\"Our library has {} books\", library.len());\n" +" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n" +" //library.print_books();\n" "}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: main" -msgstr "" -" //println!(\"Nossa biblioteca está vazia: {}\", biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n" -" //\n" -" //biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n" -" //biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\", 1865));\n" -" //\n" -" //biblioteca.imprime_livros();\n" -" //\n" -" //match biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo() {\n" -" // Some(livro) => println!(\"Meu livro mais antigo é {livro}\"),\n" -" // None => println!(\"Minha biblioteca está vazia!\"),\n" -" //}\n" -" //\n" -" //println!(\"Nossa biblioteca tem {} livros\", biblioteca.tamanho());\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: main" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:129 -msgid "" +"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_library_len() {\n" " let mut library = Library::new();\n" " assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n" -" assert!(library.is_empty());" -msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_tamanho_biblioteca() {\n" -" let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n" -" assert_eq!(biblioteca.tamanho(), 0);\n" -" assert!(biblioteca.esta_vazia());" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:135 -msgid "" +" assert!(library.is_empty());\n" +"\n" " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" " assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n" " assert!(!library.is_empty());\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n" -" biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\", 1865));\n" -" assert_eq!(biblioteca.tamanho(), 2);\n" -" assert!(!biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:141 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_library_is_empty() {\n" " let mut library = Library::new();\n" -" assert!(library.is_empty());" -msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_biblioteca_esta_vazia() {\n" -" let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n" -" assert!(biblioteca.esta_vazia());" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:146 -msgid "" +" assert!(library.is_empty());\n" +"\n" " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" " assert!(!library.is_empty());\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n" -" assert!(!biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:150 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_library_print_books() {\n" " let mut library = Library::new();\n" @@ -16653,46 +18241,19 @@ msgid "" " // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n" " // method to start with.\n" " library.print_books();\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_biblioteca_imprime_livros() {\n" -" let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n" -" biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n" -" biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\", 1865));\n" -" // Poderíamos tentar capturar stdout, mas vamos apenas chamar o\n" -" // método para começar.\n" -" biblioteca.imprime_livros();\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:160 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n" " let mut library = Library::new();\n" -" assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());" -msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_biblioteca_livro_mais_antigo() {\n" -" let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n" -" assert!(biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo().is_none());" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:165 -msgid "" +" assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());\n" +"\n" " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" " assert_eq!(\n" " library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n" " Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n" -" );" -msgstr "" -" biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n" -" assert_eq!(\n" -" biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo().map(|b| b.titulo.as_str()),\n" -" Some(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\")\n" -" );" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:171 -msgid "" +" );\n" +"\n" " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" " assert_eq!(\n" " library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n" @@ -16701,13 +18262,6 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\", 1865));\n" -" assert_eq!(\n" -" biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo().map(|b| b.titulo.as_str()),\n" -" Some(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\")\n" -" );\n" -"}\n" -"```" #: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:1 msgid "# Day 2 Morning Exercises" @@ -16721,179 +18275,99 @@ msgstr "## Pontos e Polígonos" msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](points-polygons.md))" -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:22 +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:7 msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n" "// ANCHOR: Point\n" "pub struct Point {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Point\n" " x: i32,\n" " y: i32,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n" -"// ANCHOR: Point\n" -"pub struct Ponto {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Point\n" -" x: i32,\n" -" y: i32,\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:30 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n" "impl Point {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n" " pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n" " Point { x, y }\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n" -"impl Ponto {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n" -" pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Ponto {\n" -" Ponto { x, y }\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:37 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n" " f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n" -" f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:41 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n" " (self - other).magnitude()\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" pub fn dist(self, outro: Ponto) -> f64 {\n" -" (self - outro).magnitude()\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:49 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n" +" type Output = Self;\n" +"\n" " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" " Self {\n" " x: self.x + other.x,\n" " y: self.y + other.y,\n" " }\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" fn add(self, outro: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" -" Self {\n" -" x: self.x + outro.x,\n" -" y: self.y + outro.y,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:57 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n" -" type Output = Self;" -msgstr "" -"impl std::ops::Sub for Ponto {\n" -" type Output = Self;" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:60 -msgid "" +" type Output = Self;\n" +"\n" " fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" " Self {\n" " x: self.x - other.x,\n" " y: self.y - other.y,\n" " }\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" fn sub(self, outro: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" -" Self {\n" -" x: self.x - outro.x,\n" -" y: self.y - outro.y,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:68 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: Polygon\n" "pub struct Polygon {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n" " points: Vec,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: Polygon\n" -"pub struct Poligono {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n" -" pontos: Vec,\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:74 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n" "impl Polygon {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n" " pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n" " Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n" -"impl Poligono {\n" -" pub fn new() -> Poligono {\n" -" Poligono { pontos: Vec::new() }\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:81 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n" " self.points.push(point);\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" pub fn adiciona_ponto(&mut self, ponto: Ponto) {\n" -" self.pontos.push(ponto);\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:85 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option {\n" " self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" pub fn ponto_mais_a_esquerda(&self) -> Option {\n" -" self.pontos.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:89 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator {\n" " self.points.iter()\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator {\n" -" self.pontos.iter()\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:93 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n" " if self.points.is_empty() {\n" " return 0.0;\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" pub fn comprimento(&self) -> f64 {\n" -" if self.pontos.is_empty() {\n" -" return 0.0;\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:98 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " let mut result = 0.0;\n" " let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n" " for point in &self.points[1..] {\n" @@ -16903,118 +18377,50 @@ msgid "" " result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n" " result\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" let mut resultado = 0.0;\n" -" let mut ultimo_ponto = self.pontos[0];\n" -" for ponto in &self.pontos[1..] {\n" -" resultado += ultimo_ponto.dist(*ponto);\n" -" ultimo_ponto = *ponto;\n" -" }\n" -" resultado += ultimo_ponto.dist(self.pontos[0]);\n" -" resultado\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:109 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: Circle\n" "pub struct Circle {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n" " center: Point,\n" " radius: i32,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: Circle\n" -"pub struct Circulo {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n" -" centro: Ponto,\n" -" raio: i32,\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:116 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n" "impl Circle {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n" " pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n" " Circle { center, radius }\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n" -"impl Circulo {\n" -" pub fn new(centro: Ponto, raio: i32) -> Circulo {\n" -" Circulo { centro, raio }\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:123 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n" " 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" pub fn circunferencia(&self) -> f64 {\n" -" 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.raio)\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:127 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n" " self.center.dist(other.center)\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" pub fn dist(&self, outro: &Self) -> f64 {\n" -" self.centro.dist(outro.centro)\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:132 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: Shape\n" "pub enum Shape {\n" " Polygon(Polygon),\n" " Circle(Circle),\n" "}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: Shape" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: Shape\n" -"pub enum Forma {\n" -" Poligono(Poligono),\n" -" Circulo(Circulo),\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: Shape" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:139 -msgid "" +"// ANCHOR_END: Shape\n" +"\n" "impl From for Shape {\n" " fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n" " Shape::Polygon(poly)\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl From for Forma {\n" -" fn from(poli: Poligono) -> Self {\n" -" Forma::Poligono(poli)\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:145 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl From for Shape {\n" " fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n" " Shape::Circle(circle)\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl From for Forma {\n" -" fn from(circulo: Circulo) -> Self {\n" -" Forma::Circulo(circulo)\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:151 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "impl Shape {\n" " pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n" " match self {\n" @@ -17022,31 +18428,61 @@ msgid "" " Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n" " }\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"impl Forma {\n" -" pub fn perimetro(&self) -> f64 {\n" -" match self {\n" -" Forma::Poligono(poli) => poli.comprimento(),\n" -" Forma::Circulo(circulo) => circulo.circunferencia(),\n" -" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +"#[cfg(test)]\n" +"mod tests {\n" +" use super::*;\n" +"\n" +" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" +" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" " }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:160 -msgid "" -"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" -"#[cfg(test)]\n" -"mod tests {\n" -" use super::*;" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" -"#[cfg(test)]\n" -"mod tests {\n" -" use super::*;" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:213 -msgid "" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_point_dist() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n" +" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n" +" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_point_add() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" +" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n" +" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" +"\n" +" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +" poly.add_point(p1);\n" +" poly.add_point(p2);\n" +" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" +"\n" +" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +" poly.add_point(p1);\n" +" poly.add_point(p2);\n" +"\n" +" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" +" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n" " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" @@ -17065,36 +18501,11 @@ msgid "" " assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" " }\n" "}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests" -msgstr "" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_forma_perimetros() {\n" -" let mut poli = Poligono::new();\n" -" poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(12, 13));\n" -" poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(17, 11));\n" -" poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(16, 16));\n" -" let formas = vec![\n" -" Forma::from(poli),\n" -" Forma::from(Circulo::new(Ponto::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" -" ];\n" -" let perimetros = formas\n" -" .iter()\n" -" .map(Forma::perimetro)\n" -" .map(arredonda_dois_digitos)\n" -" .collect::>();\n" -" assert_eq!(perimetros, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:233 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:174 -msgid "" +"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" +"\n" "fn main() {}\n" "```" msgstr "" -"#[allow(dead_code)]\n" -"fn main() {}\n" -"```" #: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:1 msgid "# Day 2 Afternoon Exercises" @@ -17108,8 +18519,23 @@ msgstr "## Algoritmo de Luhn" msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:22 +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:7 msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: luhn\n" "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n" @@ -17128,82 +18554,54 @@ msgid "" " }\n" " None => return false,\n" " }\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: luhn\n" -"pub fn luhn(numero_cc: &str) -> bool {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n" -" let mut digitos_vistos = 0;\n" -" let mut soma = 0;\n" -" for (i, ch) in numero_cc.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ').enumerate() {\n" -" match ch.to_digit(10) {\n" -" Some(d) => {\n" -" soma += if i % 2 == 1 {\n" -" let dd = d * 2;\n" -" dd / 10 + dd % 10\n" -" } else {\n" -" d\n" -" };\n" -" digitos_vistos += 1;\n" -" }\n" -" None => return false,\n" -" }\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:42 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " if digits_seen < 2 {\n" " return false;\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" if digitos_vistos < 2 {\n" -" return false;\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:46 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " sum % 10 == 0\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" soma % 10 == 0\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:49 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n" " println!(\n" -" \"Is {} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n" -" cc_number,\n" +" \"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n" " if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n" " );\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" let numero_cc = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n" -" println!(\n" -" \"{} é um número de cartão de crédito válido? {}\",\n" -" numero_cc,\n" -" if luhn(numero_cc) { \"Sim\" } else { \"Não\" }\n" -" );\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:58 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" -"fn test_numero_cc_nao_numerico() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:89 -msgid "" +"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" @@ -17213,25 +18611,32 @@ msgid "" "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" "```" msgstr "" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_numero_cc_invalido() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" -"```" -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:98 +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:97 msgid "## Strings and Iterators" msgstr "## Strings e iteradores" -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:100 +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:99 msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](strings-iterators.md))" -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:117 +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:101 msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n" "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n" @@ -17239,19 +18644,8 @@ msgid "" " let request_paths = request_path\n" " .split('/')\n" " .map(|p| Some(p))\n" -" .chain(std::iter::once(None));" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n" -"pub fn correspondencia_prefixo(prefixo: &str, caminho_requisitado: &str) -> bool {\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n" -" let prefixos = prefixo.split('/');\n" -" let caminhos_requisitados = caminho_requisitado\n" -" .split('/')\n" -" .map(|p| Some(p))\n" -" .chain(std::iter::once(None));" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:126 -msgid "" +" .chain(std::iter::once(None));\n" +"\n" " for (prefix, request_path) in prefixes.zip(request_paths) {\n" " match request_path {\n" " Some(request_path) => {\n" @@ -17263,54 +18657,46 @@ msgid "" " }\n" " }\n" " true\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" for (prefixo, caminho_requisitado) in prefixos.zip(caminhos_requisitados) {\n" -" match caminho_requisitado {\n" -" Some(caminho_requisitado) => {\n" -" if (prefixo != \"*\") && (prefixo != caminho_requisitado) {\n" -" return false;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" None => return false,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" true\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:139 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));\n" +"\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/publishers\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" "#[test]\n" -"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" -" assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" -" assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n" -" assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:166 -msgid "" +"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" +" ));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" +" ));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" +" ));\n" +"\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" " ));\n" "}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests" +"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {}\n" +"```" msgstr "" -" assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" -" assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" -" ));\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests" #: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:1 msgid "# Day 3 Morning Exercise" @@ -17324,146 +18710,145 @@ msgstr "## Uma biblioteca GUI simples" msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](simple-gui.md))" -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:22 +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:7 msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: setup\n" "pub trait Widget {\n" " /// Natural width of `self`.\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize;" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: setup\n" -"pub trait Widget {\n" -" /// Natural width of `self`.\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize;" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:82 -msgid "// ANCHOR_END: setup" -msgstr "// ANCHOR_END: setup" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:84 -msgid "" -"// ANCHOR: Window-width\n" -"impl Widget for Window {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n" +" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n" +"\n" +" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n" +"\n" +" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n" +" fn draw(&self) {\n" +" let mut buffer = String::new();\n" +" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n" +" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Label {\n" +" label: String,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Label {\n" +" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n" +" Label {\n" +" label: label.to_owned(),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Button {\n" +" label: Label,\n" +" callback: Box,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Button {\n" +" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box) -> Button {\n" +" Button {\n" +" label: Label::new(label),\n" +" callback,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Window {\n" +" title: String,\n" +" widgets: Vec>,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Window {\n" +" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n" +" Window {\n" +" title: title.to_owned(),\n" +" widgets: Vec::new(),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box) {\n" +" self.widgets.push(widget);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n" " std::cmp::max(\n" " self.title.chars().count(),\n" " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n" " )\n" -" }" -msgstr "" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: Window-width\n" "impl Widget for Window {\n" " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n" -" std::cmp::max(\n" -" self.title.chars().count(),\n" -" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n" -" )\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:94 -msgid "" +" // Add 4 paddings for borders\n" +" self.inner_width() + 4\n" +" }\n" +"\n" " // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n" " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n" " let mut inner = String::new();\n" " for widget in &self.widgets {\n" " widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n" -" let mut inner = String::new();\n" -" for widget in &self.widgets {\n" -" widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:102 -msgid " let window_width = self.width();" -msgstr " let window_width = self.width();" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:104 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" +" let inner_width = self.inner_width();\n" +"\n" " // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n" " // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n" " // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n" -" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-. Então use\n" -" // o operador ? aqui em vez de .unwrap().\n" -" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:- usize {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n" " self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: Button-width\n" -"impl Widget for Button {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n" -" self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:124 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n" " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n" " let width = self.width();\n" " let mut label = String::new();\n" -" self.label.draw_into(&mut label);" -msgstr "" -" // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n" -" let width = self.width();\n" -" let mut label = String::new();\n" -" self.label.draw_into(&mut label);" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:131 -msgid "" +" self.label.draw_into(&mut label);\n" +"\n" " writeln!(buffer, \"+{:- usize {\n" @@ -17473,37 +18858,15 @@ msgid "" " .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n" " .max()\n" " .unwrap_or(0)\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: Label-width\n" -"impl Widget for Label {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n" -" self.label\n" -" .lines()\n" -" .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n" -" .max()\n" -" .unwrap_or(0)\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:150 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n" " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n" " writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n" -" writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:157 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: main\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" @@ -17517,18 +18880,6 @@ msgid "" "// ANCHOR_END: main\n" "```" msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" -" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"Esta é uma pequena demonstração de GUI de texto.\")));\n" -" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" -" \"Clique em mim!\",\n" -" Box::new(|| println!(\"Você clicou no botão!\")),\n" -" )));\n" -" window.draw();\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" -"```" #: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:1 msgid "# Day 3 Afternoon Exercises" @@ -17542,34 +18893,76 @@ msgstr "## Wrapper FFI Seguro" msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))" -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:22 +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:7 msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: ffi\n" "mod ffi {\n" -" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: ffi\n" -"mod ffi {\n" -" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:53 -msgid "" +" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n" +" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" +" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};\n" +"\n" +" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" +" #[repr(C)]\n" +" pub struct DIR {\n" +" _data: [u8; 0],\n" +" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::PhantomPinned)>,\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Layout as per readdir(3) and definitions in /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu.\n" +" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" +" #[repr(C)]\n" +" pub struct dirent {\n" +" pub d_ino: c_long,\n" +" pub d_off: c_ulong,\n" +" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" +" pub d_type: c_char,\n" +" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Layout as per man entry for dirent\n" +" #[cfg(target_os = \"macos\")]\n" +" #[repr(C)]\n" +" pub struct dirent {\n" +" pub d_ino: u64,\n" +" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n" +" pub d_reclen: u16,\n" +" pub d_namlen: u16,\n" +" pub d_type: u8,\n" +" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" extern \"C\" {\n" +" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" +" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" +" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" +"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n" +"\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct DirectoryIterator {\n" " path: CString,\n" " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" "}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: ffi" -msgstr "" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct DirectoryIterator {\n" -" path: CString,\n" -" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: ffi" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:60 -msgid "" +"// ANCHOR_END: ffi\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n" "impl DirectoryIterator {\n" " fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" @@ -17585,27 +18978,8 @@ msgid "" " Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n" " }\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n" -"impl DirectoryIterator {\n" -" fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" -" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n" -" let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Caminho inválido: {err}\"))?;\n" -" // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n" -" let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n" -" if dir.is_null() {\n" -" Err(format!(\"Não foi possível abrir {:?}\", path))\n" -" } else {\n" -" Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:77 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: Iterator\n" "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" " type Item = OsString;\n" @@ -17624,30 +18998,8 @@ msgid "" " let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n" " Some(os_str.to_owned())\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: Iterator\n" -"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" -" type Item = OsString;\n" -" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" -" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n" -" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n" -" let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n" -" if dirent.is_null() {\n" -" // We have reached the end of the directory.\n" -" return None;\n" -" }\n" -" // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n" -" // terminated.\n" -" let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n" -" let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n" -" Some(os_str.to_owned())\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:97 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: Drop\n" "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" " fn drop(&mut self) {\n" @@ -17660,24 +19012,8 @@ msgid "" " }\n" " }\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: Drop\n" -"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" -" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" -" // Call closedir as needed.\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n" -" if !self.dir.is_null() {\n" -" // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n" -" if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n" -" panic!(\"Não foi possível fechar {:?}\", self.path);\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:111 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: main\n" "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" @@ -17685,63 +19021,559 @@ msgid "" " Ok(())\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: main\n" +"\n" +"#[cfg(test)]\n" +"mod tests {\n" +" use super::*;\n" +" use std::error::Error;\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_nonexisting_directory() {\n" +" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\"no-such-directory\");\n" +" assert!(iter.is_err());\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_empty_directory() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" +" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n" +" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n" +" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n" +" )?;\n" +" let mut entries = iter.collect::>();\n" +" entries.sort();\n" +" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\"]);\n" +" Ok(())\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_nonempty_directory() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" +" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n" +" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"foo.txt\"), \"The Foo Diaries\\n\")?;\n" +" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"bar.png\"), \"\\n\")?;\n" +" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"crab.rs\"), \"//! Crab\\n\")?;\n" +" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n" +" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n" +" )?;\n" +" let mut entries = iter.collect::>();\n" +" entries.sort();\n" +" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\", \"bar.png\", \"crab.rs\", \"foo.txt\"]);\n" +" Ok(())\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" "```" msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise" +msgstr "# Dia 3 Exercício matinal" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:3 +#, fuzzy +msgid "## Compass" +msgstr "# Comparação" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](for-loops.md))" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: top\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"use core::fmt::Write;\n" +"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: top\n" +"use core::cmp::{max, min};\n" +"use lsm303agr::{AccelOutputDataRate, Lsm303agr, MagOutputDataRate};\n" +"use microbit::display::blocking::Display;\n" +"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n" +"use microbit::hal::twim::Twim;\n" +"use microbit::hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte};\n" +"use microbit::hal::Timer;\n" +"use microbit::pac::twim0::frequency::FREQUENCY_A;\n" +"use microbit::Board;\n" +"\n" +"const COMPASS_SCALE: i32 = 30000;\n" +"const ACCELEROMETER_SCALE: i32 = 700;\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: main\n" -"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" -" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" -" println!(\"Arquivos: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" -" Ok(())\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" // Configure serial port.\n" +" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n" +" board.UARTE0,\n" +" board.uart.into(),\n" +" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n" +" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n" +" );\n" +"\n" +" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: main\n" +" writeln!(serial, \"Setting up IMU...\").unwrap();\n" +" let i2c = Twim::new(board.TWIM0, board.i2c_internal.into(), FREQUENCY_A::K100);\n" +" let mut imu = Lsm303agr::new_with_i2c(i2c);\n" +" imu.init().unwrap();\n" +" imu.set_mag_odr(MagOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n" +" imu.set_accel_odr(AccelOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n" +" let mut imu = imu.into_mag_continuous().ok().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" // Set up display and timer.\n" +" let mut timer = Timer::new(board.TIMER0);\n" +" let mut display = Display::new(board.display_pins);\n" +"\n" +" let mut mode = Mode::Compass;\n" +" let mut button_pressed = false;\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: loop\n" +" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" loop {\n" +" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: loop\n" +" while !(imu.mag_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data\n" +" && imu.accel_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data)\n" +" {}\n" +" let compass_reading = imu.mag_data().unwrap();\n" +" let accelerometer_reading = imu.accel_data().unwrap();\n" +" writeln!(\n" +" serial,\n" +" \"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\",\n" +" compass_reading.x,\n" +" compass_reading.y,\n" +" compass_reading.z,\n" +" accelerometer_reading.x,\n" +" accelerometer_reading.y,\n" +" accelerometer_reading.z,\n" +" )\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" let mut image = [[0; 5]; 5];\n" +" let (x, y) = match mode {\n" +" Mode::Compass => (\n" +" scale(-compass_reading.x, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, 4) as usize,\n" +" scale(compass_reading.y, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, 4) as usize,\n" +" ),\n" +" Mode::Accelerometer => (\n" +" scale(\n" +" accelerometer_reading.x,\n" +" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" +" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" +" 0,\n" +" 4,\n" +" ) as usize,\n" +" scale(\n" +" -accelerometer_reading.y,\n" +" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" +" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" +" 0,\n" +" 4,\n" +" ) as usize,\n" +" ),\n" +" };\n" +" image[y][x] = 255;\n" +" display.show(&mut timer, image, 100);\n" +"\n" +" // If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink all LEDs on.\n" +" if board.buttons.button_a.is_low().unwrap() {\n" +" if !button_pressed {\n" +" mode = mode.next();\n" +" display.show(&mut timer, [[255; 5]; 5], 200);\n" +" }\n" +" button_pressed = true;\n" +" } else {\n" +" button_pressed = false;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" +"enum Mode {\n" +" Compass,\n" +" Accelerometer,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Mode {\n" +" fn next(self) -> Self {\n" +" match self {\n" +" Self::Compass => Self::Accelerometer,\n" +" Self::Accelerometer => Self::Compass,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn scale(value: i32, min_in: i32, max_in: i32, min_out: i32, max_out: i32) -> i32 {\n" +" let range_in = max_in - min_in;\n" +" let range_out = max_out - min_out;\n" +" cap(\n" +" min_out + range_out * (value - min_in) / range_in,\n" +" min_out,\n" +" max_out,\n" +" )\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn cap(value: i32, min_value: i32, max_value: i32) -> i32 {\n" +" max(min_value, min(value, max_value))\n" "}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" "```" +msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:1 -msgid "# Day 4 Morning Exercise" -msgstr "# Dia 4 Exercício matinal" +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:1 +msgid "# Bare Metal Rust Afternoon" +msgstr "" -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:3 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:3 +msgid "## RTC driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:7 +msgid "`main.rs`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:9 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: top\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"mod exceptions;\n" +"mod logger;\n" +"mod pl011;\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: top\n" +"mod pl031;\n" +"\n" +"use crate::pl031::Rtc;\n" +"use arm_gic::gicv3::{IntId, Trigger};\n" +"use arm_gic::{irq_enable, wfi};\n" +"use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};\n" +"use core::hint::spin_loop;\n" +"// ANCHOR: imports\n" +"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" +"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" +"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" +"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n" +"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" +"use smccc::Hvc;\n" +"\n" +"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n" +"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n" +"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n" +"\n" +"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" +"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: imports\n" +"\n" +"/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n" +"const PL031_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x901_0000 as _;\n" +"/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n" +"const PL031_IRQ: IntId = IntId::spi(2);\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: main\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" +" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n" +" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" +" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" +" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the base\n" +" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n" +" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n" +" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" +" gic.setup();\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: main\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 device,\n" +" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" +" let mut rtc = unsafe { Rtc::new(PL031_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" +" let timestamp = rtc.read();\n" +" let time = Utc.timestamp_opt(timestamp.into(), 0).unwrap();\n" +" info!(\"RTC: {time}\");\n" +"\n" +" GicV3::set_priority_mask(0xff);\n" +" gic.set_interrupt_priority(PL031_IRQ, 0x80);\n" +" gic.set_trigger(PL031_IRQ, Trigger::Level);\n" +" irq_enable();\n" +" gic.enable_interrupt(PL031_IRQ, true);\n" +"\n" +" // Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n" +" let target = timestamp + 3;\n" +" rtc.set_match(target);\n" +" info!(\n" +" \"Waiting for {}\",\n" +" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n" +" );\n" +" trace!(\n" +" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" +" rtc.matched(),\n" +" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" +" );\n" +" while !rtc.matched() {\n" +" spin_loop();\n" +" }\n" +" trace!(\n" +" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" +" rtc.matched(),\n" +" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" +" );\n" +" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n" +"\n" +" // Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n" +" let target = timestamp + 6;\n" +" info!(\n" +" \"Waiting for {}\",\n" +" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n" +" );\n" +" rtc.set_match(target);\n" +" rtc.clear_interrupt();\n" +" rtc.enable_interrupt(true);\n" +" trace!(\n" +" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" +" rtc.matched(),\n" +" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" +" );\n" +" while !rtc.interrupt_pending() {\n" +" wfi();\n" +" }\n" +" trace!(\n" +" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" +" rtc.matched(),\n" +" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" +" );\n" +" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: main_end\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[panic_handler]\n" +"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" +" error!(\"{info}\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: main_end\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:149 +msgid "`pl031.rs`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:151 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n" +"\n" +"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" +"struct Registers {\n" +" /// Data register\n" +" dr: u32,\n" +" /// Match register\n" +" mr: u32,\n" +" /// Load register\n" +" lr: u32,\n" +" /// Control register\n" +" cr: u8,\n" +" _reserved0: [u8; 3],\n" +" /// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n" +" imsc: u8,\n" +" _reserved1: [u8; 3],\n" +" /// Raw Interrupt Status\n" +" ris: u8,\n" +" _reserved2: [u8; 3],\n" +" /// Masked Interrupt Status\n" +" mis: u8,\n" +" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" +" /// Interrupt Clear Register\n" +" icr: u8,\n" +" _reserved4: [u8; 3],\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"pub struct Rtc {\n" +" registers: *mut Registers,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Rtc {\n" +" /// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at the\n" +" /// given base address.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// # Safety\n" +" ///\n" +" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of a\n" +" /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the process\n" +" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" +" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" +" Self {\n" +" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Reads the current RTC value.\n" +" pub fn read(&self) -> u32 {\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an interrupt\n" +" /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n" +" pub fn set_match(&mut self, value: u32) {\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).mr).write_volatile(value) }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or not\n" +" /// the interrupt is enabled.\n" +" pub fn matched(&self) -> bool {\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).ris).read_volatile() };\n" +" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// This should be true iff `matched` returns true and the interrupt is\n" +" /// masked.\n" +" pub fn interrupt_pending(&self) -> bool {\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).mis).read_volatile() };\n" +" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false the\n" +" /// interrupt is disabled.\n" +" pub fn enable_interrupt(&mut self, mask: bool) {\n" +" let imsc = if mask { 0x01 } else { 0x00 };\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).imsc).write_volatile(imsc) }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n" +" pub fn clear_interrupt(&mut self) {\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).icr).write_volatile(0x01) }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" +"// accessed from any context.\n" +"unsafe impl Send for Rtc {}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Concurrency Morning Exercise" +msgstr "# Dia 3 Exercício matinal" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:3 msgid "## Dining Philosophers" msgstr "## Filósofos jantando" -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:5 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:5 msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](dining-philosophers.md))" -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:22 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:7 msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n" -"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" -"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" +"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n" "use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n" -"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" -"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:30 -msgid "" +"use std::time::Duration;\n" +"\n" +"struct Fork;\n" +"\n" "struct Philosopher {\n" " name: String,\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n" " left_fork: Arc>,\n" " right_fork: Arc>,\n" " thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender,\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -"struct Filosofo {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n" -" garfo_esquerda: Arc>,\n" -" garfo_direita: Arc>,\n" -" pensamentos: mpsc::SyncSender,\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:38 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" "// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n" "impl Philosopher {\n" " fn think(&self) {\n" @@ -17749,131 +19581,59 @@ msgid "" " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" " .unwrap();\n" " }\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think" -msgstr "" -"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n" -"impl Filosofo {\n" -" fn pensar(&self) {\n" -" self.pensamentos\n" -" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} teve uma nova ideia!\", &self.nome))\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:47 -msgid "" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n" +"\n" " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n" " fn eat(&self) {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n" " println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n" " let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n" -" let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();" -msgstr "" -" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n" -" fn comer(&self) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n" -" println!(\"{} está tentando comer\", &self.nome);\n" -" let _esquerda = self.garfo_esquerda.lock().unwrap();\n" -" let _direita = self.garfo_direita.lock().unwrap();" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:54 -msgid "" +" let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();\n" +"\n" " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n" " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" " }\n" -"}" -msgstr "" -" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n" -" println!(\"{} está comendo...\", &self.nome);\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" -" }\n" -"}" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:63 -msgid "" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" +" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" +"\n" "fn main() {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);" -msgstr "" -"fn main() {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:67 -msgid "" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);\n" +"\n" " let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n" " .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n" -" .collect::>();" -msgstr "" -" let garfos = (0..FILOSOFOS.len())\n" -" .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Garfo)))\n" -" .collect::>();" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:71 -msgid "" +" .collect::>();\n" +"\n" " for i in 0..forks.len() {\n" " let tx = tx.clone();\n" " let mut left_fork = forks[i].clone();\n" -" let mut right_fork = forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()].clone();" -msgstr "" -" for i in 0..garfos.len() {\n" -" let tx = tx.clone();\n" -" let mut garfo_esquerda = garfos[i].clone();\n" -" let mut garfo_direita = garfos[(i + 1) % garfos.len()].clone();" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:76 -msgid "" +" let mut right_fork = forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()].clone();\n" +"\n" " // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n" " // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n" " // either of them.\n" " if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n" " std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" // Para evitar um impasse, temos que quebrar a simetria\n" -" // algum lugar. Isso irá trocar os garfos sem desinicializar\n" -" // qualquer um deles.\n" -" if i == garfos.len() - 1 {\n" -" std::mem::swap(&mut garfo_esquerda, &mut garfo_direita);\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:83 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " let philosopher = Philosopher {\n" " name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n" " thoughts: tx,\n" " left_fork,\n" " right_fork,\n" -" };" -msgstr "" -" let filosofo = Filosofo {\n" -" nome: FILOSOFOS[i].to_string(),\n" -" pensamentos: tx,\n" -" garfo_esquerda,\n" -" garfo_direita,\n" -" };" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:90 -msgid "" +" };\n" +"\n" " thread::spawn(move || {\n" " for _ in 0..100 {\n" " philosopher.eat();\n" " philosopher.think();\n" " }\n" " });\n" -" }" -msgstr "" -" thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" for _ in 0..100 {\n" -" filosofo.comer();\n" -" filosofo.pensar();\n" -" }\n" -" });\n" -" }" - -#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:98 -msgid "" +" }\n" +"\n" " drop(tx);\n" " for thought in rx {\n" " println!(\"{thought}\");\n" @@ -17881,12 +19641,7255 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" -" drop(tx);\n" -" for pensamento in rx {\n" -" println!(\"{pensamento}\");\n" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "# Concurrency Afternoon Exercise" +msgstr "# Dia 1 Exercícios da Tarde" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:3 +#, fuzzy +msgid "## Dining Philosophers - Async" +msgstr "## Filósofos jantando" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](dining-philosophers.md))" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n" +"use std::sync::Arc;\n" +"use tokio::time;\n" +"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n" +"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n" +"\n" +"struct Fork;\n" +"\n" +"struct Philosopher {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n" +" left_fork: Arc>,\n" +" right_fork: Arc>,\n" +" thoughts: Sender,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n" +"impl Philosopher {\n" +" async fn think(&self) {\n" +" self.thoughts\n" +" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name)).await\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n" +" async fn eat(&self) {\n" +" // Pick up forks...\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n" +" let _first_lock = self.left_fork.lock().await;\n" +" // Add a delay before picking the second fork to allow the execution\n" +" // to transfer to another task\n" +" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(1)).await;\n" +" let _second_lock = self.right_fork.lock().await;\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-body\n" +" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" +" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-body\n" +"\n" +" // The locks are dropped here\n" +" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" +" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n" +" // Create forks\n" +" let mut forks = vec![];\n" +" (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len()).for_each(|_| forks.push(Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork))));\n" +"\n" +" // Create philosophers\n" +" let (philosophers, mut rx) = {\n" +" let mut philosophers = vec![];\n" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n" +" for (i, name) in PHILOSOPHERS.iter().enumerate() {\n" +" let left_fork = forks[i].clone();\n" +" let right_fork = forks[(i + 1) % PHILOSOPHERS.len()].clone();\n" +" philosophers.push(Philosopher {\n" +" name: name.to_string(),\n" +" left_fork: if i % 2 == 0 { left_fork.clone() } else { right_fork.clone() },\n" +" right_fork: if i % 2 == 0 { right_fork } else { left_fork },\n" +" thoughts: tx.clone(),\n" +" });\n" +" }\n" +" (philosophers, rx)\n" +" // tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n" +" };\n" +"\n" +" // Make them think and eat\n" +" for phil in philosophers {\n" +" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" +" for _ in 0..100 {\n" +" phil.think().await;\n" +" phil.eat().await;\n" +" }\n" +" });\n" +"\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Output their thoughts\n" +" while let Some(thought) = rx.recv().await {\n" +" println!(\"Here is a thought: {thought}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:113 +msgid "## Broadcast Chat Application" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:115 +#, fuzzy +msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:119 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: setup\n" +"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n" +"use std::error::Error;\n" +"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n" +"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n" +"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n" +"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: handle_connection\n" +"async fn handle_connection(\n" +" addr: SocketAddr,\n" +" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream,\n" +" bcast_tx: Sender,\n" +") -> Result<(), Box> {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: handle_connection\n" +"\n" +" ws_stream\n" +" .send(Message::text(\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\".into()))\n" +" .await?;\n" +" let mut bcast_rx = bcast_tx.subscribe();\n" +"\n" +" // A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) receiving\n" +" // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n" +" // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n" +" loop {\n" +" tokio::select! {\n" +" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n" +" match incoming {\n" +" Some(Ok(msg)) => {\n" +" let msg = msg.as_text()?;\n" +" println!(\"From client {addr:?} {msg:?}\");\n" +" bcast_tx.send(msg.into())?;\n" +" }\n" +" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n" +" None => return Ok(()),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" msg = bcast_rx.recv() => {\n" +" ws_stream.send(Message::text(msg?)).await?;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" // ANCHOR: main\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" +" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n" +"\n" +" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n" +" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n" +"\n" +" loop {\n" +" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" +" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n" +" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n" +" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" +" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n" +" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n" +"\n" +" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n" +" });\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:204 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: setup\n" +"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n" +"use http::Uri;\n" +"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n" +"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n" +" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n" +" .connect()\n" +" .await?;\n" +"\n" +" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n" +" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin);\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n" +" // Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n" +" loop {\n" +" let mut line = String::new();\n" +" tokio::select! {\n" +" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n" +" match incoming {\n" +" Some(Ok(msg)) => println!(\"From server: {}\", msg.as_text()?),\n" +" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n" +" None => return Ok(()),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" res = stdin.read_line(&mut line) => {\n" +" match res {\n" +" Ok(0) => return Ok(()),\n" +" Ok(_) => ws_stream.send(Message::text(line.trim_end().to_string())).await?,\n" +" Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "Closures" +#~ msgstr "Closures" + +#~ msgid "Day 4: Morning" +#~ msgstr "Dia 4: Manhã" + +#~ msgid "Day 4: Afternoon" +#~ msgstr "Dia 4: Tarde" + +#~ msgid "Day 4 Morning" +#~ msgstr "Dia 4 Manhã" + +#~ msgid "On Day 4, we will cover Android-specific things such as:" +#~ msgstr "No Dia 4, abordaremos assuntos específicos do Android, como:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Building Android components in Rust.\n" +#~ "* AIDL servers and clients.\n" +#~ "* Interoperability with C, C++, and Java." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Construindo componentes Android em Rust.\n" +#~ "* Servidores e clientes AIDL.\n" +#~ "* Interoperabilidade com C, C++ e Java." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "It is important to note that this course does not cover Android **application** \n" +#~ "development in Rust, and that the Android-specific parts are specifically about\n" +#~ "writing code for Android itself, the operating system. " +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "É importante observar que este curso não cobre o desenvolvimento de **aplicativos** para Android\n" +#~ "em Rust, e que as partes específicas do Android são relacionadas a\n" +#~ "escrever código para o sistema operacional Android." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Learn how to use async Rust --- we'll only mention async Rust when\n" +#~ " covering traditional concurrency primitives. Please see [Asynchronous\n" +#~ " Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) instead for\n" +#~ " details on this topic.\n" +#~ "* Learn how to develop macros, please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust\n" +#~ " Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by\n" +#~ " Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Uso de async Rust --- só mencionaremos o async Rust quando\n" +#~ " cobrirmos primitivas de concorrência tradicionais. Consulte [Assíncrono\n" +#~ " Programação em Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) para mais\n" +#~ " detalhes sobre este tema.\n" +#~ "* Desenvolvimento de macros, consulte [Capítulo 19.5 no Rust\n" +#~ " Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) e [Rust by\n" +#~ " Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) em vez disso." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "1. Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker notes\n" +#~ " on some of the pages to help highlight the key points (please help us by\n" +#~ " contributing more speaker notes!). You should make sure to open the speaker\n" +#~ " notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker\n" +#~ " Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "1. Familiarize-se com o material do curso. Incluímos notas do instrutor\n" +#~ " em algumas das páginas para ajudar a destacar os pontos chave (por favor, ajude-nos\n" +#~ " contribuindo com mais notas do instrutor!). Você deve certificar-se de abrir as notas\n" +#~ " do instrutor em um pop-up (clique no link com uma pequena seta ao lado de \"Speaker\n" +#~ " Notes\"). Dessa forma, você tem uma tela limpa para apresentar à turma." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "2. Decide on the dates. Since the course is large, we recommend that you\n" +#~ " schedule the four days over two weeks. Course participants have said that\n" +#~ " they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them process\n" +#~ " all the information we give them." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "2. Decida as datas. Como o curso é grande, recomendamos que você\n" +#~ " agende os quatro dias em duas semanas. Os participantes do curso disseram que\n" +#~ " eles acham útil ter uma pausa no curso, pois os ajuda a processar\n" +#~ " todas as informações que lhes damos." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "3. Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a\n" +#~ " class size of 15-20 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable\n" +#~ " asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have\n" +#~ " time to answer the questions." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "3. Encontre uma sala suficientemente grande para seus participantes presenciais. Recomendamos\n" +#~ " turmas de 15 a 20 pessoas. Isso é suficientemente pequeno para que as pessoas se sintam confortáveis\n" +#~ " em fazer perguntas --- e para que um instrutor tenha\n" +#~ " tempo para responder às perguntas." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "4. On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things\n" +#~ " up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your\n" +#~ " laptop (see the [installation instructions][5]). This ensures optimal performance with no lag as you change pages.\n" +#~ " Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as you or the course\n" +#~ " participants spot them." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "4. No dia do seu curso, chegue um pouco mais cedo na sala para acertar as coisas.\n" +#~ " Recomendamos apresentar diretamente usando `mdbook serve` rodando em seu\n" +#~ " laptop. Isso garante um desempenho ideal sem atrasos quando você muda de página.\n" +#~ " Usar seu laptop também permitirá que você corrija erros de digitação enquanto você ou\n" +#~ " os participantes os identificam." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "5. Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. Make sure to\n" +#~ " ask people if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When\n" +#~ " you see that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class\n" +#~ " and offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant\n" +#~ " information in the standard library." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "5. Deixe as pessoas resolverem os exercícios sozinhas ou em pequenos grupos. Tenha certeza de\n" +#~ " perguntar às pessoas se elas estão com dificuldades ou se há algo em que você possa ajudar. Quando\n" +#~ " você vê que várias pessoas têm o mesmo problema, chame a turma\n" +#~ " e ofereça uma solução, por exemplo, mostrando às pessoas onde encontrar as informações relevantes\n" +#~ " na biblioteca padrão." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "> **Exercise for Day 4:** Do you interface with some C/C++ code in your project\n" +#~ "> which we could attempt to move to Rust? The fewer dependencies the better.\n" +#~ "> Parsing code would be ideal." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "> **Exercício para o dia 4:** Você faz interface com algum código C/C++ em seu projeto\n" +#~ "> que poderíamos tentar mover para Rust? Quanto menos dependências, melhor.\n" +#~ "> Analisar o código seria o ideal." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[1]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/\n" +#~ "[2]: https://code.visualstudio.com/\n" +#~ "[3]: https://rustup.rs/\n" +#~ "[4]: https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/\n" +#~ "[5]: https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/\n" +#~ "[6]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[1]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/\n" +#~ "[2]: https://code.visualstudio.com/\n" +#~ "[3]: https://rustup.rs/\n" +#~ "[4]: https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/\n" +#~ "[5]: https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* `rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other\n" +#~ " intermediate formats." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* `rustc`: o compilador Rust que transforma arquivos `.rs` em binários e outros\n" +#~ " formatos intermediários[^rustc]." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* `cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to\n" +#~ " download dependencies hosted on and it will pass them to\n" +#~ " `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a built-in test\n" +#~ " runner which is used to execute unit tests." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* `cargo`: o gerenciador de dependências Rust e a ferramenta de compilação. O Cargo sabe como\n" +#~ " baixar as dependências hospedadas em e as passará para\n" +#~ " o `rustc` ao compilar o seu projeto. O Cargo também vem com um executor de testes\n" +#~ " embutido que é usado para executar testes unitários." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out\n" +#~ " every six weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with\n" +#~ " old releases --- plus they enable new functionality." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Rust tem um rápido cronograma de lançamento com um novo lançamento saindo\n" +#~ " a cada seis semanas. Novos lançamentos mantêm compatibilidade com versões anteriores\n" +#~ " --- além disso, eles permitem novas funcionalidades." + +#~ msgid "* There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"." +#~ msgstr "* Existem três canais de lançamento: \"stable\", \"beta\" e \"nightly\"." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes\n" +#~ " \"stable\" every six weeks." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Novos recursos estão sendo testados em \"nightly\", \"beta\" é o que se torna\n" +#~ " \"estável\" a cada seis semanas." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Rust also has [editions]: the current edition is Rust 2021. Previous\n" +#~ " editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Rust também tem [edições]: a edição atual é Rust 2021. Edições\n" +#~ " anteriores foram Rust 2015 e Rust 2018." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " * The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to\n" +#~ " the language." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " * As edições podem fazer alterações incompatíveis com versões anteriores\n" +#~ " da linguagem." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " * To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the\n" +#~ " edition for your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " * Para evitar rupturas, as edições são opcionais: você seleciona a\n" +#~ " edição para o seu crate através do arquivo `Cargo.toml`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " * To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code\n" +#~ " written for different editions." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " * Para evitar a divisão do ecossistema, os compiladores Rust podem misturar código\n" +#~ " escrito para diferentes edições." + +#~ msgid " * Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through `cargo` (most users never do)." +#~ msgstr " * Mencione que é muito raro usar o compilador diretamente, não através do `cargo` (a maioria dos usuários nunca o faz)." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " * It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but not limited to: \n" +#~ " * Project/package structure\n" +#~ " * [workspaces]\n" +#~ " * Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching\n" +#~ " * [build scripting]\n" +#~ " * [global installation]\n" +#~ " * It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo clippy]).\n" +#~ " * Read more from the [official Cargo Book]" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " * Pode valer a pena mencionar que o Cargo é uma ferramenta extremamente poderosa e abrangente. Ele é capaz de muitos recursos avançados, incluindo, entre outros:\n" +#~ " * Estrutura do projeto/pacote\n" +#~ " * [workspaces]\n" +#~ " * Gerenciamento de dependências de desenvolvimento e dependências de tempo de execução/cache\n" +#~ " * [scripts de compilação]\n" +#~ " * [instalação global]\n" +#~ " * Também é extensível com plugins de subcomando (como [cargo clippy]).\n" +#~ " * Leia mais no [livro oficial do Cargo]" + +#~ msgid "[editions]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/" +#~ msgstr "[edições]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/" + +#~ msgid "[workspaces]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html" +#~ msgstr "[workspaces]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html" + +#~ msgid "[build scripting]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html" +#~ msgstr "[scripts de compilação]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html" + +#~ msgid "[global installation]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install.html" +#~ msgstr "[instalação global]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install.html" + +#~ msgid "[cargo clippy]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy" +#~ msgstr "[cargo clippy]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy" + +#~ msgid "[official Cargo Book]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/" +#~ msgstr "[livro oficial do Cargo]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the\n" +#~ " code and open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Os playgrounds incorporados não podem executar testes unitários. Copie e cole o\n" +#~ " código e abra-o no Playground real para demonstrar os testes unitários." + +#~ msgid "1. Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy." +#~ msgstr "1. Clique no botão \"Copiar para a área de transferência\" no exemplo que deseja copiar." + +#~ msgid "2. Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:" +#~ msgstr "2. Use `cargo new exercise` para criar um novo diretório `exercise/` para o seu código:" + +#~ msgid "3. Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:" +#~ msgstr "3. Navegue até `exercise/` e use `cargo run` para compilar e executar seu binário:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "4. Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For\n" +#~ " example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "4. Substitua o código de exemplo em `src/main.rs` pelo seu próprio código. Por\n" +#~ " exemplo, usando o código da página anterior, faça `src/main.rs` parecer" + +#~ msgid "5. Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:" +#~ msgstr "5. Use `cargo run` para compilar e executar seu binário atualizado:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "6. Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo build`\n" +#~ " to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/debug/`\n" +#~ " for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an optimized\n" +#~ " release build in `target/release/`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "6. Use `cargo check` para verificar rapidamente se há erros em seu projeto, use `cargo build`\n" +#~ " para compilá-lo sem executá-lo. Você encontrará a saída em `target/debug/`\n" +#~ " para uma compilação de depuração. Use `cargo build --release` para produzir um binário\n" +#~ " otimizado em `target/release/`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "7. You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you\n" +#~ " run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing\n" +#~ " dependencies for you." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "7. Você pode adicionar dependências ao seu projeto editando `Cargo.toml`. Quando você\n" +#~ " executar os comandos `cargo`, ele irá baixar e compilar automaticamente\n" +#~ " as dependências para você." + +#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html" +#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs,\n" +#~ " references, functions, and methods." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Sintaxe básica do Rust: variáveis, tipos escalares e compostos, enums, structs,\n" +#~ " referências, funções e métodos." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based memory\n" +#~ " management, and garbage collection." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Gerenciamento de memória: stack versus heap, gerenciamento manual de memória, gerenciamento de memória\n" +#~ " baseada em escopo e garbage collection (coleta de lixo)." + +#~ msgid "* Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes." +#~ msgstr "* Ownership: semântica de movimento, cópia e clonagem, empréstimo e tempos de vida." + +#~ msgid "[1]: https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html" +#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is\n" +#~ " imperative (not functional) and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless\n" +#~ " absolutely necessary." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Rust é muito parecido com outras linguagens na tradição do C/C++/Java. É\n" +#~ " imperativo (não funcional) e não tenta reinventar as coisas a menos que\n" +#~ " absolutamente necessário." + +#~ msgid "* Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode." +#~ msgstr "* Rust é moderno com amplo suporte para coisas como Unicode." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of\n" +#~ " arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Rust usa macros para situações em que você deseja ter um número variável de\n" +#~ " argumentos (sem [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md) de funções)." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to trigger\n" +#~ " type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer overflow." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Explique que todas as variáveis são estaticamente tipadas. Tente remover `i32` para acionar a\n" +#~ " inferência de tipo. Em vez disso, tente com `i8` e dispare um estouro de número inteiro em tempo de execução." + +#~ msgid "* Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error." +#~ msgstr "* Altere `let mut x` para `let x`, discuta o erro do compilador." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match the\n" +#~ " format string." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Mostre como `print!` gera um erro de compilação se os argumentos não combinam com a\n" +#~ " sequência de formato." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an\n" +#~ " expression which is more complex than just a single variable." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Mostre como você precisa usar `{}` como espaço reservado se quiser imprimir uma\n" +#~ " expressão que é mais complexa do que apenas uma única variável." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::fmt`\n" +#~ " which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important that the\n" +#~ " students become familiar with searching in the standard library." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Mostre aos alunos a biblioteca padrão, mostre como pesquisar `std::fmt`, \n" +#~ " que possui as regras da mini-linguagem de formatação. É importante que\n" +#~ " os alunos se familiarizem com pesquisas na biblioteca padrão." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_\n" +#~ " via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't\n" +#~ " have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with\n" +#~ " constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Experiência com C ou C++: Rust elimina toda uma classe de _erros de tempo de execução_\n" +#~ " através do verificador de empréstimo. Você obtém desempenho como em C e C++, mas não\n" +#~ " tem problemas de insegurança de memória. Além disso, você obtém uma linguagem moderna com\n" +#~ " construções como correspondência de padrões e gerenciamento de dependências integrado." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[`Box::leak`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.leak\n" +#~ "[`std::mem::forget`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget.html\n" +#~ "[reference cycle]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[`Box::leak`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.leak\n" +#~ "[`std::mem::forget`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget.html\n" +#~ "[referência cíclica]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also\n" +#~ " not be disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However,\n" +#~ " `unsafe` allows you to call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked`\n" +#~ " which does not do bounds checking." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* A verificação de limites não pode ser desativada com um sinalizador de compilador. Também não\n" +#~ " pode ser desativado diretamente com a palavra-chave `unsafe`. No entanto,\n" +#~ " `unsafe` permite que você chame funções como `slice::get_unchecked`\n" +#~ " que não faz verificação de limites." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to 'pay'\n" +#~ " for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example,\n" +#~ " writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level\n" +#~ " instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Abstrações de custo zero, semelhantes ao C++, significa que você não precisa 'pagar'\n" +#~ " com memória ou CPU por construções de programação de alto nível. Por exemplo,\n" +#~ " escrever um loop usando `for` deve resultar aproximadamente nas mesmas instruções\n" +#~ " de baixo nível como ao usar a construção `.iter().fold()`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', also\n" +#~ " known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like\n" +#~ " `Option` and `Result`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Pode valer a pena mencionar que enums em Rust também são 'tipos de dados algébricos', também\n" +#~ " conhecidos como 'tipos de soma', os quais permitem que o sistema de tipos expresse coisas como\n" +#~ " `Option` e `Result`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to\n" +#~ " ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more\n" +#~ " talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with _actionable_\n" +#~ " feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Lembre as pessoas de lerem os erros --- muitos desenvolvedores se acostumaram\n" +#~ " a ignorar as longas saída do compilador. O compilador Rust é significativamente mais\n" +#~ " verboso do que outros compiladores. Muitas vezes, ele fornecerá a você feedback\n" +#~ " _utilizável_, pronto para copiar e colar em seu código." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, Python,\n" +#~ " and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard and\n" +#~ " essential:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* A biblioteca padrão do Rust é pequena comparada a linguagens como Java, Python,\n" +#~ " e Go. Rust não vem com várias coisas que você pode considerar padrão e\n" +#~ " essencial:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " * a random number generator, but see [rand].\n" +#~ " * support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls].\n" +#~ " * support for JSON, but see [serde_json]." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " * um gerador de números aleatórios, mas veja [rand].\n" +#~ " * suporte para SSL ou TLS, mas consulte [rusttls].\n" +#~ " * suporte para JSON, mas consulte [serde_json]." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library cannot\n" +#~ " go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the Rust\n" +#~ " community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps there\n" +#~ " isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " O raciocínio por trás disso é que as funcionalidades na biblioteca padrão não podem\n" +#~ " ser descartadas, portanto têm que ser muito estáveis. Para os exemplos acima, a comunidade\n" +#~ " Rust ainda está trabalhando para encontrar a melhor solução --- e talvez não\n" +#~ " haja uma única \"melhor solução\" para algumas dessas coisas." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this makes\n" +#~ " it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence of this\n" +#~ " is that the standard library can be smaller." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " O Rust vem com um gerenciador de pacotes embutido na forma de Cargo e isso torna\n" +#~ " trivial baixar e compilar crates de terceiros. Uma consequência disso\n" +#~ " é que a biblioteca padrão pode ser menor." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like\n" +#~ " help with this by letting you compare health metrics for\n" +#~ " crates to find a good and trusted one.\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "* [rust-analyzer] is a well supported LSP implementation used in major\n" +#~ " IDEs and text editors." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " Descobrir bons crates de terceiros pode ser um problema. Sites como\n" +#~ " ajudam com isso, permitindo que você compare métricas para\n" +#~ " para encontrar um crate bom e confiável.\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "* [rust-analyzer] é uma implementação LSP bem suportada usada em grandes\n" +#~ " IDEs e editores de texto." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[rand]: https://docs.rs/rand/\n" +#~ "[rusttls]: https://docs.rs/rustls/\n" +#~ "[serde_json]: https://docs.rs/serde_json/\n" +#~ "[rust-analyzer]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[rand]: https://docs.rs/rand/\n" +#~ "[rusttls]: https://docs.rs/rustls/\n" +#~ "[serde_json]: https://docs.rs/serde_json/\n" +#~ "[rust-analyzer]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Arrays have elements of the same type, `T`, and length, `N`, which is a compile-time constant.\n" +#~ " Note that the length of the array is *part of its type*, which means that `[u8; 3]` and\n" +#~ " `[u8; 4]` are considered two different types." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Vetores possuem elementos do mesmo tipo, `T`, e comprimento, `N`, que é uma constante de tempo de compilação.\n" +#~ " Observe que o comprimento do vetor é *parte de seu tipo*, o que significa que `[u8; 3]` e\n" +#~ " `[u8; 4]` são considerados dois tipos diferentes." + +#~ msgid "* We can use literals to assign values to arrays." +#~ msgstr "* Podemos usar literais para atribuir valores a vetores." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug implementation with the `?` format\n" +#~ " parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug output. We\n" +#~ " could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without specifying the value after the\n" +#~ " format string." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Na função `main`, a instrução print solicita a implementação de depuração com um `?` no\n" +#~ " formatador: `{}` fornece a saída padrão, `{:?}` fornece a saída de depuração. Nós\n" +#~ " também poderíamos ter usado `{a}` e `{a:?}` sem especificar o valor após a\n" +#~ " sequência de formatadores." + +#~ msgid "* Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be easier to read." +#~ msgstr "* Adicionando `#`, por exemplo `{a:#?}`, chama um formatador de \"impressão bonita\", que pode ser mais fácil de ler." + +#~ msgid "* Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length." +#~ msgstr "* Assim como os vetores, as tuplas têm um comprimento fixo." + +#~ msgid "* Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type." +#~ msgstr "* As tuplas agrupam valores de tipos diferentes em um tipo composto." + +#~ msgid "* Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`." +#~ msgstr "* Os campos de uma tupla podem ser acessados pelo 'ponto' e pelo índice do valor, por exemplo `t.0`, `t.1`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "
\n" +#~ "Key points:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "
\n" +#~ "Pontos chave:" + +#~ msgid "* We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending indexes in brackets." +#~ msgstr "* Criamos uma slice pegando emprestado `a` e especificando os índices inicial e final entre colchetes." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* If the slice starts at index 0, Rust's range syntax allows us to drop the starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are identical.\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "* The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are identical." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Se a slice começa no índice 0, a sintaxe de intervalo do Rust nos permite descartar o índice inicial, o que significa que `&a[0..a.len()]` e `&a[..a.len()]` são idênticos .\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "* O mesmo vale para o último índice, então `&a[2..a.len()]` e `&a[2..]` são idênticos." + +#~ msgid "* To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`." +#~ msgstr "* Para criar facilmente uma slice do vetor completo, podemos usar `&a[..]`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s1: &str = \"World\";\n" +#~ " println!(\"s1: {s1}\");" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s1: &str = \"Mundo\";\n" +#~ " println!(\"s1: {s1}\");" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* `&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 encoded string data \n" +#~ " stored in a block of memory. String literals (`\"Hello\"`), are stored in the program's binary." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* `&str` introduz uma slice de string, que é uma referência imutável para dados de string codificados em UTF-8\n" +#~ " armazenados em um bloco de memória. String literais (`\"Hello\"`), são armazenados no binário do programa." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Rust's `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a `Vec`, it is owned.\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "* As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string literal; `String::new()` \n" +#~ " creates a new empty string, to which string data can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* O tipo `String` do Rust é um wrapper em torno de um vetor de bytes. Tal como acontece com um `Vec`, ele é um valor.\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "* Assim como muitos outros tipos, `String::from()` cria uma string a partir de uma string literal; `String::new()`\n" +#~ " cria uma nova string vazia, na qual os dados da string podem ser adicionados usando os métodos `push()` e `push_str()`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " fizzbuzz_to(20); // Defined below, no forward declaration needed\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " fizzbuzz_to(20); // Definido abaixo, nenhuma declaração prévia é necessária\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // No return value means returning the unit type `()`\n" +#~ " match (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) {\n" +#~ " (true, true) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"),\n" +#~ " (true, false) => println!(\"fizz\"),\n" +#~ " (false, true) => println!(\"buzz\"),\n" +#~ " (false, false) => println!(\"{n}\"),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // // Nenhum valor de retorno significa retornar o tipo unitário `()`\n" +#~ " match (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) {\n" +#~ " (true, true) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"),\n" +#~ " (true, false) => println!(\"fizz\"),\n" +#~ " (false, true) => println!(\"buzz\"),\n" +#~ " (false, false) => println!(\"{n}\"),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) { // `-> ()` is normally omitted\n" +#~ " for i in 1..=n {\n" +#~ " fizzbuzz(i);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) { // `-> ()` normalmente é omitido\n" +#~ " for i in 1..=n {\n" +#~ " fizzbuzz(i);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid " (Type annotations added for clarity, but they can be elided.)" +#~ msgstr " (As anotações de tipo foram adicionadas para maior clareza, mas podem ser omitidas.)" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "struct Rectangle {\n" +#~ " width: u32,\n" +#~ " height: u32,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "struct Retangulo {\n" +#~ " largura: u32,\n" +#~ " altura: u32,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Rectangle {\n" +#~ " fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n" +#~ " self.width * self.height\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Retangulo {\n" +#~ " fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n" +#~ " self.largura * self.altura\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n" +#~ " self.width += delta;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn aumenta_largura(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n" +#~ " self.largura += delta;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn pick_one(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n" +#~ " if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn escolha_um(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n" +#~ " if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "* Arrays and `for` loops." +#~ msgstr "* Vetores e laços `for`." + +#~ msgid "* Alternatively, use the Rust Playground." +#~ msgstr "* Como alternativa, use o Rust Playground." + +#~ msgid "[solutions]: solutions-morning.md" +#~ msgstr "[soluções]: solutions-morning.md" + +#~ msgid "[Using Cargo]: ../../cargo.md" +#~ msgstr "[Utilização do Cargo]: ../../cargo.md" + +#~ msgid "1. Execute the above program and look at the compiler error." +#~ msgstr "1. Execute o programa acima e observe o erro do compilador." + +#~ msgid "2. Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion." +#~ msgstr "2. Atualize o código acima para usar `into()` para fazer a conversão." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html\n" +#~ "[3]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/implicit_conversion" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html\n" +#~ "[3]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/implicit_conversion" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n" +#~ " for i in 0..3 {\n" +#~ " print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " print!(\"Interagindo sobre uma faixa:\");\n" +#~ " for i in 0..3 {\n" +#~ " print!(\" {}\", vetor[i]);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn transposta(matriz: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn impressao_formatada(matriz: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let matrix = [\n" +#~ " [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" +#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n" +#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n" +#~ " ];" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let matriz = [\n" +#~ " [101, 102, 103], // <-- o comentário faz com que o rustfmt adicione uma nova linha\n" +#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n" +#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n" +#~ " ];" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"matrix:\");\n" +#~ " pretty_print(&matrix);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"matriz:\");\n" +#~ " impressao_formatada(&matriz);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" +#~ " println!(\"transposed:\");\n" +#~ " pretty_print(&transposed);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let transposta = transposta(matriz);\n" +#~ " println!(\"Transposta:\");\n" +#~ " impressao_formatada(&transposta);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn recebe_u32(x: u32) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn recebe_u8(y: i8) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " takes_u32(x);\n" +#~ " takes_i8(y);\n" +#~ " // takes_u32(y);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " recebe_u32(x);\n" +#~ " recebe_u8(y);\n" +#~ " // recebe_u32(y);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "[1]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html" +#~ msgstr "[1]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let a = 10;\n" +#~ " println!(\"before: {a}\");" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let a = 10;\n" +#~ " println!(\"Antes: {a}\");" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let a = \"hello\";\n" +#~ " println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let a = \"Olá\";\n" +#~ " println!(\"Escopo interno: {a}\");" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let a = true;\n" +#~ " println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let a = true;\n" +#~ " println!(\"Sobreposição no escopo interno: {a}\");\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"after: {a}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"Depois: {a}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls.\n" +#~ " * Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime.\n" +#~ " * Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed.\n" +#~ " * No guarantee of memory locality." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Heap: Armazenamento de valores fora das chamadas de função.\n" +#~ " * Os valores têm tamanhos dinâmicos determinados em tempo de execução.\n" +#~ " * Ligeiramente mais lento que o stack: é necessária alguma contabilidade.\n" +#~ " * Sem garantia de localização na memória." + +#~ msgid "* Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap." +#~ msgstr "* Mencione que um `String` é baseada em um `Vec`, então ele tem capacidade e comprimento e pode crescer se for mutável por meio de realocação no heap." + +#~ msgid "* If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap allocated using the [System Allocator] and custom allocators can be implemented using the [Allocator API]" +#~ msgstr "* Se os alunos perguntarem sobre isso, você pode mencionar que a memória do heap é alocada usando o [System Allocator] e alocadores personalizados podem ser implementados usando a [Allocator API]" + +#~ msgid "* We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should point out that this is rightfully unsafe!" +#~ msgstr "* Pode-se inspecionar o layout de memória com código `unsafe`. Entretanto, deve-se salientar que isto é inseguro!" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[System Allocator]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System.html\n" +#~ "[Allocator API]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[System Allocator]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System.html\n" +#~ "[Allocator API]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html" + +#~ msgid "* You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop] trait is the Rust equivalent." +#~ msgstr "* Você pode ser questionado sobre destrutores aqui, o trait [Drop] é o equivalente em Rust." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[Box]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n" +#~ "[Vec]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n" +#~ "[Rc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n" +#~ "[Arc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n" +#~ "[Drop]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[Box]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n" +#~ "[Vec]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n" +#~ "[Rc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n" +#~ "[Arc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n" +#~ "[Drop]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "struct Ponto(i32, i32);" + +#~ msgid "* In Rust, you clones are explicit (by using `clone`)." +#~ msgstr "* No Rust, clones são explícitos (usando `clone`)." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn say_hello(name: String) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn diz_ola(nome: String) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Olá {nome}\")\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Ponto(i32, i32);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Ponto(i32, i32);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n" +#~ " Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto {\n" +#~ " Ponto(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Notes on stack returns:\n" +#~ "* Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses and run it on the [Playground]. In the \"DEBUG\" optimization level, the addresses should change, while the stay the same when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Notas sobre retornos de pilha:\n" +#~ "* Demonstre que o retorno de `somar` é barato porque o compilador pode eliminar a operação de cópia. Altere o código acima para imprimir endereços de pilha e execute-o no [Playground]. No nível de otimização \"DEBUG\", os endereços devem mudar, enquanto permanecem os mesmos ao mudar para a configuração \"RELEASE\":" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " ```rust,editable\n" +#~ " #[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ " struct Point(i32, i32);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " ```rust, editable\n" +#~ " #[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ " struct Ponto(i32, i32);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n" +#~ " let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n" +#~ " println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n" +#~ " p\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto {\n" +#~ " let p = Ponto(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n" +#~ " println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n" +#~ " p\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "[Playground]: https://play.rust-lang.org/" +#~ msgstr "[Playground]: https://play.rust-lang.org/" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut a: i32 = 10;\n" +#~ " let b: &i32 = &a;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut a: i32 = 10;\n" +#~ " let b: &i32 = &a;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n" +#~ " *c = 20;\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n" +#~ " *c = 20;\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" +#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn mais_a_esquerda<'a>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'a Ponto{\n" +#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a a new scope (`{ ... }`), resulting in the following code:\n" +#~ " ```rust,ignore\n" +#~ " #[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ " struct Point(i32, i32);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Mova a declaração de `p2` e `p3` para um novo escopo (`{ ... }`), resultando no seguinte código:\n" +#~ " ```rust, ignore\n" +#~ " #[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ " struct Ponto(i32, i32);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" +#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn mais_a_esquerda<'a>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'a Ponto {\n" +#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn main() {\n" +#~ " let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" +#~ " let p3: &Point;\n" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" +#~ " p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " ```\n" +#~ " Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn main() {\n" +#~ " let p1: Ponto = Ponto(10, 10);\n" +#~ " let p3: &Ponto;\n" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let p2: Ponto = Ponto(20, 20);\n" +#~ " p3 = mais_a_esquerda(&p1, &p2);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " println!(\"Ponto mais à esquerda: {:?}\", p3);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " ```\n" +#~ " Observe como isso não compila, pois `p3` sobrevive a `p2`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Destaque<'doc>(&'doc str);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn erase(text: String) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn apagar(texto: String) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Tchau {texto}!\");\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "* A small book library," +#~ msgstr "* Uma pequena biblioteca de livros," + +#~ msgid "[solutions]: solutions-afternoon.md" +#~ msgstr "[soluções]: solutions-afternoon.md" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "struct Library {\n" +#~ " books: Vec,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "struct Biblioteca {\n" +#~ " livros: Vec,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "struct Book {\n" +#~ " title: String,\n" +#~ " year: u16,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "struct Livro {\n" +#~ " titulo: String,\n" +#~ " ano: u16,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Book {\n" +#~ " // This is a constructor, used below.\n" +#~ " fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n" +#~ " Book {\n" +#~ " title: String::from(title),\n" +#~ " year,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Livro {\n" +#~ " // Este é um construtor, usado abaixo.\n" +#~ " fn new(titulo: &str, ano: u16) -> Livro {\n" +#~ " Livro {\n" +#~ " titulo: String::from(titulo),\n" +#~ " ano,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n" +#~ "impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n" +#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n" +#~ " write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// Isso torna possível imprimir valores de livro com {}.\n" +#~ "impl std::fmt::Display for Livro {\n" +#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n" +#~ " write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.titulo, self.ano)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Library {\n" +#~ " fn new() -> Library {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Biblioteca {\n" +#~ " fn new() -> Biblioteca {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " //fn tamanho(self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " //fn tem_livros(self) -> bool {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " //fn adiciona_livro(self, livro: Livro) {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " //fn print_books(self) {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " //fn imprime_acervo(self) {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " //fn livro_mais_antigo(self) -> Option<&Livro> {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n" +#~ "// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n" +#~ "// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n" +#~ "// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let library = Library::new();" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// Isso mostra o comportamento desejado. Descomente o código abaixo e\n" +#~ "// implemente os métodos ausentes. Você precisará atualizar as\n" +#~ "// assinaturas de método, incluindo o parâmetro \"self\"! Você poderá\n" +#~ "// também precisar atualizar as ligações de variáveis dentro de main.\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " //println!(\"Our library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +#~ " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " //library.print_books();\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " //match library.oldest_book() {\n" +#~ " // Some(book) => println!(\"My oldest book is {book}\"),\n" +#~ " // None => println!(\"My library is empty!\"),\n" +#~ " //}\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " //println!(\"Our library has {} books\", library.len());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // println!(\"Nossa biblioteca está vazia: {}\", biblioteca.tem_livros());\n" +#~ " // \n" +#~ " // biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +#~ " // biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" +#~ " // \n" +#~ " // biblioteca.imprime_acervo();\n" +#~ " // \n" +#~ " // match biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo() {\n" +#~ " // Some(livro) => println!(\"Meu livro mais antigo é {livro}\"),\n" +#~ " // None => println!(\"Minha biblioteca está vazia!\"),\n" +#~ " // }\n" +#~ " // \n" +#~ " // println!(\"Nossa biblioteca tem {} livros\", biblioteca.tamanho());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ " let mut iter = v.iter();" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +#~ " let mut iter = v.iter();" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" +#~ " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" +#~ " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " for word in &v {\n" +#~ " println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " for palavra in &v {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Palavra: {palavra}\");\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " for word in v {\n" +#~ " println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " for palavra in v {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Palavra: {palavra}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "* Structs, enums, methods." +#~ msgstr "* Estruturas (`structs`), enumerações (`enums`) e métodos." + +#~ msgid "* Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays." +#~ msgstr "* Correspondência de padrões: desestruturando enumerações, estruturas e vetores." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, and\n" +#~ " `continue`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Construções de fluxo de controle: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break` e\n" +#~ " `continue`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc`\n" +#~ " and `Arc`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* A Biblioteca Padrão: `String`, `Option` e `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc`\n" +#~ " e 'Arc'." + +#~ msgid "* Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy." +#~ msgstr "* Módulos: visibilidade, caminhos e hierarquia do sistema de arquivos." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "struct Person {\n" +#~ " name: String,\n" +#~ " age: u8,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "struct Pessoa {\n" +#~ " nome: String,\n" +#~ " idade: u8,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "
\n" +#~ "Key Points: " +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "
\n" +#~ "Pontos chave:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "struct Ponto(i32, i32);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "struct PoundOfForce(f64);\n" +#~ "struct Newtons(f64);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "struct PoundOfForce(f64);\n" +#~ "struct Newtons(f64);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundOfForce {\n" +#~ " todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundOfForce {\n" +#~ " todo!(\"Pergunte a um cientista de foguetes da NASA\")\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n" +#~ " // ...\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n" +#~ " // ...\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let force = compute_thruster_force();\n" +#~ " set_thruster_force(force);\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let force = compute_thruster_force();\n" +#~ " set_thruster_force(force);\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "```" +#~ msgstr "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Person {\n" +#~ " name: String,\n" +#~ " age: u8,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Pessoa {\n" +#~ " nome: String,\n" +#~ " idade: u8,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Person {\n" +#~ " fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n" +#~ " Person { name, age }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Pessoa {\n" +#~ " fn new(nome: String, idade: u8) -> Pessoa {\n" +#~ " Pessoa { nome, idade }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let pedro = Pessoa::new(String::from(\"Pedro\"), 27);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{pedro:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is interchangeable with the struct type name" +#~ msgstr "A função `new` pode ser escrita usando `Self` como um tipo, já que é intercambiável com o name do tipo _struct_" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "impl Person {\n" +#~ " fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n" +#~ " Self { name, age }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "
" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, ignore\n" +#~ "impl Pessoa {\n" +#~ " fn new(nome: String, idade: u8) -> Self {\n" +#~ " Self { nome, idade }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "
" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n" +#~ " 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "fn gerador_numero_aleatorio() -> i32 {\n" +#~ " 4 // Escolhido por jogada de dados justa. Garantido para ser aleatório.\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "enum CoinFlip {\n" +#~ " Heads,\n" +#~ " Tails,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "enum CaraCoroa {\n" +#~ " Cara,\n" +#~ " Coroa,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Você tem: {:?}\", jogar_moeda());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "
\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "Key Points:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "
\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "Pontos chave:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "enum WebEvent {\n" +#~ " PageLoad, // Variant without payload\n" +#~ " KeyPress(char), // Tuple struct variant\n" +#~ " Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "enum WebEvent {\n" +#~ " PageLoad, // Variante sem payload\n" +#~ " KeyPress(char), // Variante da estrutura da tupla\n" +#~ " Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Variante de struct completa\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +#~ "fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n" +#~ " match event {\n" +#~ " WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n" +#~ " WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n" +#~ " WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +#~ "fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n" +#~ " match event{\n" +#~ " WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"página carregada\"),\n" +#~ " WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressionou '{c}'\"),\n" +#~ " WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicou em x={x}, y={y}\"),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n" +#~ " let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n" +#~ " let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n" +#~ " let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n" +#~ " let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " inspect(load);\n" +#~ " inspect(press);\n" +#~ " inspect(click);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " inspect(load);\n" +#~ " inspect(press);\n" +#~ " inspect(click);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "enum Foo {\n" +#~ " A,\n" +#~ " B,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "enum Foo {\n" +#~ " A,\n" +#~ " B,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "
\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "Key Points: \n" +#~ " * Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum variant.\n" +#~ " * `Bar` enum demonstrates that there is a way to control the discriminant value and type. If `repr` is removed, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, becuase 10001 fits 2 bytes.\n" +#~ " * As a niche optimization an enum discriminant is merged with the pointer so that `Option<&Foo>` is the same size as `&Foo`.\n" +#~ " * `Option` is another example of tight packing.\n" +#~ " * For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::()` equals `size_of::>()`.\n" +#~ " * Zero-sized types allow for efficient implementation of `HashSet` using `HashMap` with `()` as the value." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "
\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "Pontos chave:\n" +#~ " * Internamente Rust está usando um campo (discriminante) para acompanhar a variante da enum.\n" +#~ " * A Enum `Bar` demonstra que existe uma maneira de controlar o valor e o tipo discriminante. Se `repr` for removido, o tipo discriminante ocupa 2 bytes, porque 10001 cabe 2 bytes.\n" +#~ " * Como uma otimização de nicho, um discriminante de Enum é mesclado com o ponteiro para que `Option<&Foo>` seja do mesmo tamanho que `&Foo`.\n" +#~ " * `Option` é outro exemplo de empacotamento compacto.\n" +#~ " * Para [alguns tipos](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/#representation), Rust garante que o `size_of::()` é igual a `size_of:: >()`.\n" +#~ " * Tipos de tamanho zero permitem a implementação eficiente de `HashSet` usando `HashMap` com `()` como valor." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation *may* look like in practice.\n" +#~ "It's important to note that the compiler provides no guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Código de exemplo se você quiser mostrar como a representação bit a bit *pode* parecer na prática.\n" +#~ " É importante observar que o compilador não oferece garantias quanto a essa representação, portanto, isso é totalmente inseguro." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" +#~ " // representation of types.\n" +#~ " unsafe {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(true, u8);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " // TOTALMENTE INSEGURO. Rust não oferece nenhuma garantia sobre a\n" +#~ " // representação bit a bit de tipos.\n" +#~ " unsafe {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Representação bit a bit do tipo bool\");\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(true, u8);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option\");\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(None::, u8);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"Representação bit a bit do tipo Option\");\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(None::, u8);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option>\");\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(None::), u8);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(None::>, u8);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"Representação bit a bit do tipo Option>\");\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(None::), u8);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(None::>, u8);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"Representação bit a bit do tipo Option<&i32>\");\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain more than 256 `Option`s together." +#~ msgstr "Exemplo mais complexo se você quiser discutir o que acontece quando encadeamos mais de 256 `Option` juntas." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]" + +#~ msgid "use std::mem::transmute;" +#~ msgstr "use std::mem::transmute;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" signs.\n" +#~ "// Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n" +#~ "macro_rules! many_options {\n" +#~ " ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n" +#~ " ($value:expr, @) => {\n" +#~ " Some(Some($value))\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ " ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n" +#~ " many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// Macro para envolver um valor com Some() 2^n vezes onde n é o número de simbolos \"@\"\n" +#~ "// É necessário aumentar o limite de recursão para utilizar essa macro.\n" +#~ "macro_rules! many_options {\n" +#~ " ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n" +#~ " ($value:expr, @) => {\n" +#~ " Some(Some($value))\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ " ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n" +#~ " many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" +#~ " // representation of types.\n" +#~ " unsafe {\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " // TOTALMENTE INSEGURO. Rust não oferece nenhuma garantia sobre a\n" +#~ " // representação bit a bit de tipos.\n" +#~ " unsafe {\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's.\");\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"Representação bit a bit de uma cadeia de 128 Option's.\");\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's.\");\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"Representação bit a bit de uma cadeia de 256 Option's.\");\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's.\");\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"Representação bit a bit de uma cadeia de 257 Option's.\");\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Person {\n" +#~ " fn say_hello(&self) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Pessoa {\n" +#~ " fn diz_ola(&self) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Olá, meu nome é {}\", self.nome);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let peter = Person {\n" +#~ " name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n" +#~ " age: 27,\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ " peter.say_hello();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let pedro = Pessoa {\n" +#~ " nome: String::from(\"Pedro\"),\n" +#~ " idade: 27,\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ " pedro.diz_ola();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Race {\n" +#~ " name: String,\n" +#~ " laps: Vec,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Corrida {\n" +#~ " nome: String,\n" +#~ " voltas: Vec,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Race {\n" +#~ " fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n" +#~ " Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Corrida {\n" +#~ " fn new(nome: &str) -> Corrida { // Um método estático, sem a definição de um receptor.\n" +#~ " Corrida { nome: String::from(nome), voltas: Vec::new() }\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write access to self\n" +#~ " self.laps.push(lap);\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn adiciona_volta(&mut self, volta: i32) { // Acesso emprestado de leitura e gravação exclusivo para self\n" +#~ " self.voltas.push(volta);\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n" +#~ " println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n" +#~ " for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn imprime_voltas(&self) { // Acesso emprestado compartilhado e somente leitura para self\n" +#~ " println!(\"Gravadas {} voltas para {}:\", self.voltas.len(), self.nome);\n" +#~ " for (idx, volta) in self.voltas.iter().enumerate() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Volta {idx}: {volta} seg.\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n" +#~ " let total = self.laps.iter().sum::();\n" +#~ " println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, total);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn finaliza(self) { // ownership exclusiva de self\n" +#~ " let total = self.voltas.iter().sum::();\n" +#~ " println!(\"A corrida {} terminou, tempo total da volta: {}\", self.nome, total);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n" +#~ " race.add_lap(70);\n" +#~ " race.add_lap(68);\n" +#~ " race.print_laps();\n" +#~ " race.add_lap(71);\n" +#~ " race.print_laps();\n" +#~ " race.finish();\n" +#~ " // race.add_lap(42);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut corrida = Corrida::new(\"Grande Prêmio de Mônaco\");\n" +#~ " corrida.adiciona_volta(70);\n" +#~ " corrida.adiciona_volta(68);\n" +#~ " corrida.imprime_voltas();\n" +#~ " corrida.adiciona_volta(71);\n" +#~ " corrida.imprime_voltas();\n" +#~ " corrida.finaliza();\n" +#~ " // corrida.adiciona_volta(42);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let input = 'x';" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let input = 'x';" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "enum Result {\n" +#~ " Ok(i32),\n" +#~ " Err(String),\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "enum Result {\n" +#~ " Ok(i32),\n" +#~ " Err(String),\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n" +#~ " if n % 2 == 0 {\n" +#~ " Result::Ok(n / 2)\n" +#~ " } else {\n" +#~ " Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn divide_por_dois(n: i32) -> Result {\n" +#~ " if n % 2 == 0 {\n" +#~ " Result::Ok(n/2)\n" +#~ " } else {\n" +#~ " Result::Err(format!(\"Não é possível dividir {} em duas partes iguais\", n))\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "struct Foo {\n" +#~ " x: (u32, u32),\n" +#~ " y: u32,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "struct Foo {\n" +#~ " x: (u32, u32),\n" +#~ " y: u32,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns.\n" +#~ "* Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed.\n" +#~ "
" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Altere os valores literais em `foo` para corresponderem com outros padrões.\n" +#~ "* Adicione um novo campo em `Foo` e faça as alterações no padrão conforme necessário.\n" +#~ "
" + +#~ msgid "* Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of fixed length." +#~ msgstr "* Desestruturar slices de tamanho desconhecido também funciona com padrões de tamanho fixo." + +#~ msgid "* Simple struct which tracks health statistics." +#~ msgstr "* Estrutura simples que rastreia as estatísticas de saúde." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "struct User {\n" +#~ " name: String,\n" +#~ " age: u32,\n" +#~ " weight: f32,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "struct Usuario {\n" +#~ " nome: String,\n" +#~ " idade: u32,\n" +#~ " peso: f32,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl User {\n" +#~ " pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, weight: f32) -> Self {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Usuario {\n" +#~ " pub fn new(nome: String, idade: u32, peso: f32) -> Self {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn nome(&self) -> &str {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn idade(&self) -> u32 {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn weight(&self) -> f32 {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn peso(&self) -> f32 {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn setar_idade(&mut self, nova_idade: u32) {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn set_weight(&mut self, new_weight: f32) {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn setar_peso(&mut self, novo_peso: f32) {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let bob = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " println!(\"Sou {} e minha idade é {}\", bob.nome(), bob.idade());\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_weight() {\n" +#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.weight(), 155.2);\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_peso() {\n" +#~ " let bob = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.peso(), 155.2);\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_set_age() {\n" +#~ " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n" +#~ " bob.set_age(33);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_setar_idade() {\n" +#~ " let mut bob = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.idade(), 32);\n" +#~ " bob.setar_idade(33);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(bob.idade(), 33);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "// TODO: remova isso quando terminar sua implementação.\n" +#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "pub struct Point {\n" +#~ " // add fields\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "pub struct Ponto {\n" +#~ " // adicione os campos\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Point {\n" +#~ " // add methods\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Ponto {\n" +#~ " // adicione os métodos\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "pub struct Polygon {\n" +#~ " // add fields\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "pub struct Poligono {\n" +#~ " // adicione os campos\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Polygon {\n" +#~ " // add methods\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Poligono {\n" +#~ " // adicione os métodos\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "pub struct Circle {\n" +#~ " // add fields\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "pub struct Circulo {\n" +#~ " // adicione os campos\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Circle {\n" +#~ " // add methods\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Circulo {\n" +#~ " // adicione os métodos\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "pub enum Shape {\n" +#~ " Polygon(Polygon),\n" +#~ " Circle(Circle),\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "pub enum Forma {\n" +#~ " Poligono(Poligono),\n" +#~ " Circulo(Circulo),\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n" +#~ "mod tests {\n" +#~ " use super::*;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n" +#~ "mod tests {\n" +#~ " use super::*;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" +#~ " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn arredonda_dois_digitos(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" +#~ " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_point_magnitude() {\n" +#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_magnitude_ponto() {\n" +#~ " let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(arredonda_dois_digitos(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_point_dist() {\n" +#~ " let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n" +#~ " let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_distancia_pontos() {\n" +#~ " let p1 = Ponto::new(10, 10);\n" +#~ " let p2 = Ponto::new(14, 13);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(arredonda_dois_digitos(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_point_add() {\n" +#~ " let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" +#~ " let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_somar_pontos() {\n" +#~ " let p1 = Ponto::new(16, 16);\n" +#~ " let p2 = p1 + Ponto::new(-4, 3);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(p2, Ponto::new(12, 19));\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n" +#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +#~ " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_poligono_ponto_mais_a_esquerda() {\n" +#~ " let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" +#~ " let p2 = Ponto::new(16, 16);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +#~ " poly.add_point(p1);\n" +#~ " poly.add_point(p2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let mut poly = Poligono::new();\n" +#~ " poly.adiciona_ponto(p1);\n" +#~ " poly.adiciona_ponto(p2);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(poly.ponto_mais_a_esquerda(), Some(p1));\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_polygon_iter() {\n" +#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +#~ " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_poligono_iter() {\n" +#~ " let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" +#~ " let p2 = Ponto::new(16, 16);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +#~ " poly.add_point(p1);\n" +#~ " poly.add_point(p2);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let mut poly = Poligono::new();\n" +#~ " poly.adiciona_ponto(p1);\n" +#~ " poly.adiciona_ponto(p2);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let pontos = poly.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(pontos, vec![Ponto::new(12, 13), Ponto::new(16, 16)]);\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n" +#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n" +#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n" +#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n" +#~ " let shapes = vec![\n" +#~ " Shape::from(poly),\n" +#~ " Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" +#~ " ];\n" +#~ " let perimeters = shapes\n" +#~ " .iter()\n" +#~ " .map(Shape::perimeter)\n" +#~ " .map(round_two_digits)\n" +#~ " .collect::>();\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_perimetros_da_forma() {\n" +#~ " let mut poly = Poligono::new();\n" +#~ " poly.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(12, 13));\n" +#~ " poly.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(17, 11));\n" +#~ " poly.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(16, 16));\n" +#~ " let formas = vec![\n" +#~ " Forma::from(poly),\n" +#~ " Forma::from(Circulo::new(Ponto::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" +#~ " ];\n" +#~ " let perimetros = formas\n" +#~ " .iter()\n" +#~ " .map(Forma::perimetro)\n" +#~ " .map(arredonda_dois_digitos)\n" +#~ " .collect::>();\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(perimetros, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[allow(dead_code)]\n" +#~ "fn main() {}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[allow(dead_code)]\n" +#~ "fn main() {}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n" +#~ " x + x\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn dobro(x: i32) -> i32 {\n" +#~ " x + x\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "You use `if` very similarly to how you would in other languages:" +#~ msgstr "Você usa `if` de forma muito semelhante a como faria em outras linguagens:" + +#~ msgid "If you want to match a value against a pattern, you can use `if let`:" +#~ msgstr "Se você deseja corresponder um valor a um padrão, pode usar `if let`:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* `if let` can be more concise than `match`, e.g., when only one case is interesting. In contrast, `match` requires all branches to be covered.\n" +#~ " * For the similar use case consider demonstrating a newly stabilized [`let else`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/93628) feature.\n" +#~ "* A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`.\n" +#~ "* Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* `if let` pode ser mais conciso que `match`, por exemplo, quando apenas um caso é interessante. Em contraste, `match` requer que todas as ramificações sejam cobertas.\n" +#~ " * Para o caso de uso semelhante, considere demonstrar um recurso [`let else`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/93628) recentemente estabilizado.\n" +#~ "* Um uso comum é lidar com valores `Some` ao trabalhar com `Option`.\n" +#~ "* Ao contrário de `match`, `if let` não suporta cláusulas de guarda para correspondência de padrões." + +#~ msgid "The `while` keyword works very similar to other languages:" +#~ msgstr "A palavra-chave `while` funciona de maneira muito semelhante a outras linguagens:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "# `for` expressions" +#~ msgstr "# Expressões Para (`for`)" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "
\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "* Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "
\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "* Break o `loop` com um valor (ex. `break 8`) e mostre-o." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* [`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional values\n" +#~ " and [error handling](error-handling.md)." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Tipos [`Option` e `Result`](std/option-result.md): usados para valores opcionais\n" +#~ " e [manipulação de erros](error-handling.md)." + +#~ msgid "* [`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data." +#~ msgstr "* [`String`](std/string.md): o tipo de cadeia de caracteres padrão extensível usado para dados." + +#~ msgid "* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector." +#~ msgstr "* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): um vetor extensível padrão." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing\n" +#~ " algorithm." +#~ msgstr "* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): um tipo de mapa hash com o algoritmo de hashing configurável." + +#~ msgid "* [`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data." +#~ msgstr "* [`Box`](std/box.md): um ponteiro próprio para dados alocados em heap." + +#~ msgid "* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated data." +#~ msgstr "* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): um ponteiro de contagem de referência compartilhado para dados alocados em heap." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let idx: Result = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n" +#~ " println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let idx: Result = numeros.binary_search(&10);\n" +#~ " println!(\"Indice: {idx:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut s1 = String::new();\n" +#~ " s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut s1 = String::new();\n" +#~ " s1.push_str(\"Olá\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"s1: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n" +#~ " s2.push_str(&s1);\n" +#~ " s2.push('!');\n" +#~ " println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n" +#~ " s2.push_str(&s1);\n" +#~ " s2.push('!');\n" +#~ " println!(\"s2: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n" +#~ " s3.chars().count());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"s3: tamanho = {}, número de caracteres = {}\", s3.len(),\n" +#~ " s3.chars().count());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* `len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes, not its length in characters.\n" +#~ "* `chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters.\n" +#~ "* `String` implements `Deref` which transparently gives it access to `str`'s methods." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* `len` retorna o tamanho da `String` em bytes, não seu comprimento em caracteres.\n" +#~ "* `chars` retorna um iterador sobre os caracteres reais.\n" +#~ "* `String` implementa `Deref` que dá acesso transparente aos métodos de `str`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n" +#~ " v1.push(42);\n" +#~ " println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n" +#~ " v1.push(42);\n" +#~ " println!(\"v1: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n" +#~ " v2.extend(v1.iter());\n" +#~ " v2.push(9999);\n" +#~ " println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n" +#~ " v2.extend(v1.iter());\n" +#~ " v2.push(9999);\n" +#~ " println!(\"v2: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n" +#~ " let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // Macro canônica para inicializar um vetor com elementos.\n" +#~ " let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // Retain only the even elements.\n" +#~ " v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{v3:?}\");" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // Retém somente os elementos pares.\n" +#~ " v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{v3:?}\");" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n" +#~ " v3.dedup();\n" +#~ " println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // Remove valores duplicados consecutivos.\n" +#~ " v3.dedup();\n" +#~ " println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-[T]" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-[T]" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n" +#~ " page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), 207);\n" +#~ " page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n" +#~ " page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut meus_livros = HashMap::new();\n" +#~ " meus_livros.insert(\"Aventuras de Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), 207);\n" +#~ " meus_livros.insert(\"Contos de Fadas dos Grimms\".to_string(), 751);\n" +#~ " meus_livros.insert(\"Orgulho e Preconceito\".to_string(), 303);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n" +#~ " println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n" +#~ " page_counts.len());\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " if !meus_livros.contains_key(\"Os Miseráveis\") {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Tenho {} livros, mas não Os Miseráveis.\",\n" +#~ " meus_livros.len());\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n" +#~ " match page_counts.get(book) {\n" +#~ " Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n" +#~ " None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " for livro in [\"Orgulho e Preconceito\", \"Alice no País das Maravilhas\"] {\n" +#~ " match meus_livros.get(livro) {\n" +#~ " Some(paginas) => println!(\"{livro}: {paginas} páginas\"),\n" +#~ " None => println!(\"{livro} é desconhecido.\")\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n" +#~ " for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n" +#~ " let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string()).or_insert(0);\n" +#~ " *page_count += 1;\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // Use o método .entry() para inserir um valor, caso este não seja encontrado.\n" +#~ " for livro in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n" +#~ " let meu_livro: &mut i32 = meus_livros.entry(livro.to_string()).or_insert(0);\n" +#~ " *meu_livro += 1;\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"{meus_livros:#?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "* Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro." +#~ msgstr "* Diferente de `vec!`, infelizmente não há uma macro padrão `hashmap!`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "enum List {\n" +#~ " Cons(T, Box>),\n" +#~ " Nil,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "enum List {\n" +#~ " Cons(T, Box>),\n" +#~ " Nil,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```bob\n" +#~ " Stack Heap\n" +#~ ".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +#~ ": : : :\n" +#~ ": list : : :\n" +#~ ": +--------+-------+ : : +--------+--------+ +--------+------+ :\n" +#~ ": | Tag | Cons | : : .->| Tag | Cons | .->| Tag | Nil | :\n" +#~ ": | 0 | 1 | : : | | 0 | 2 | | | ////// | //// | :\n" +#~ ": | 1 | o-----+----+-----+-' | 1 | o------+-' | ////// | //// | :\n" +#~ ": +--------+-------+ : : +--------+--------+ +--------+------+ :\n" +#~ ": : : :\n" +#~ ": : : :\n" +#~ "`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```bob\n" +#~ " Stack Heap\n" +#~ ".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +#~ ": : : :\n" +#~ ": lista : : :\n" +#~ ": +--------+-------+ : : +--------+--------+ +--------+------+ :\n" +#~ ": | Tag | Cons | : : .->| Tag | Cons | .->| Tag | Nil | :\n" +#~ ": | 0 | 1 | : : | | 0 | 2 | | | ////// | //// | :\n" +#~ ": | 1 | o-----+----+-----+-' | 1 | o------+-' | ////// | //// | :\n" +#~ ": +--------+-------+ : : +--------+--------+ +--------+------+ :\n" +#~ ": : : :\n" +#~ ": : : :\n" +#~ "`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. `Recursive with indirection` is a hint you might want to use a Box or reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly. \n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "
" +#~ msgstr "* Remova a `Box` da definição da `List` e veja o erro apresentado pelo compilador. `Recursive with indirection` é o aviso que você vai receber.
" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::rc::Rc;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::rc::Rc;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n" +#~ " let mut b = a.clone();" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n" +#~ " let mut b = a.clone();" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/index.html\n" +#~ "[3]: ../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md\n" +#~ "[4]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/index.html\n" +#~ "[3]: ../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md\n" +#~ "[4]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n" +#~ "use std::cell::RefCell;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n" +#~ "use std::cell::RefCell;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Node {\n" +#~ " value: i64,\n" +#~ " parent: Option>>,\n" +#~ " children: Vec>>,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct No {\n" +#~ " valor: i64,\n" +#~ " pai: Option>>,\n" +#~ " filhos: Vec>>,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"grafo: {raiz:#?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "mod foo {\n" +#~ " pub fn do_something() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"In the foo module\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "mod foo {\n" +#~ " pub fn qualquer_coisa() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Qualquer coisa no módulo foo\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "mod bar {\n" +#~ " pub fn do_something() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"In the bar module\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "mod bar {\n" +#~ " pub fn qualquer_coisa() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Qualquer coisa no modulo bar\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " foo::do_something();\n" +#~ " bar::do_something();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " foo::qualquer_coisa();\n" +#~ " bar::qualquer_coisa();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "mod outer {\n" +#~ " fn private() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"outer::private\");\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "mod exterior {\n" +#~ " fn privado() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"externo::privado\");\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn public() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"outer::public\");\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn public() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"externo::público\");\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " mod inner {\n" +#~ " fn private() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " mod interior {\n" +#~ " fn privado() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"externo::interno::privado\");\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn public() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n" +#~ " super::private();\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn public() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"externo::interno::público\");\n" +#~ " super::privado();\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " outer::public();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " exterior::public();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "1. As a relative path:\n" +#~ " * `foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,\n" +#~ " * `super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "1. Como caminho relativo:\n" +#~ " * `foo` ou `self::foo` refere-se a `foo` no módulo atual,\n" +#~ " * `super::foo` refere-se a `foo` no módulo pai." + +#~ msgid "* Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits." +#~ msgstr "* Ignora todos os espaços. Rejeita números com menos de dois dígitos." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Moving from right to left, double every second digit: for the number `1234`,\n" +#~ " we double `3` and `1`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Movendo-se da direita para a esquerda, dobra cada segundo dígito: para o número `1234`,\n" +#~ " dobra os números `3` e `1`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` which\n" +#~ " becomes `5`." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Depois de dobrar um dígito, soma os dígitos. Assim, duplicar `7` resulta em `14` que\n" +#~ " resulta em `5`." + +#~ msgid "* Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits." +#~ msgstr "* Soma todos os dígitos não duplicados e duplicados." + +#~ msgid "* The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`." +#~ msgstr "* O número do cartão de crédito é válido se a soma terminar em `0`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "pub fn luhn(numero_cc: &str) -> bool {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_numero_cc_nao_numerico() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_numero_cc_vazio() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_numero_cc_um_numero() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_numero_cc_dois_numeros() {\n" +#~ " assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_numero_cc_valido() {\n" +#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_numero_cc_invalido() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "pub fn correspondencia_prefixo(prefixo: &str, caminho_requisitado: &str) -> bool {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_correspondencia_sem_curinga() {\n" +#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/autores\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/autores/abc-123\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/autores/abc/livros\"));" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/publishers\"));\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/autoresLivros\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/parent/autores\"));\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" +#~ " ));" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_correspondencia_com_curinga() {\n" +#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/autores/*/livros\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/autores/foo/livros\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/autores/*/livros\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/autores/bar/livros\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/autores/*/livros\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/autores/foo/livros/livro1\"\n" +#~ " ));" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores/*/livros\", \"/v1/autores\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/autores/*/livros\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/autores/foo/livrosPorAutor\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library\n" +#~ " traits." +#~ msgstr "* Traits (Características): Traits derivadas, métodos padrão e Traits importantes da biblioteca padrão." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and trait\n" +#~ " objects." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Generics (Genéricos): tipos de dados genéricos, métodos genéricos, monomorfização e trait\n" +#~ " objetos." + +#~ msgid "* Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`." +#~ msgstr "* Tratamento de erros: pânico (_panics_), `Result` e o operador _try_ `?`." + +#~ msgid "* Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests." +#~ msgstr "* Testes: testes unitários, testes de documentação e testes de integração." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern\n" +#~ " functions." +#~ msgstr "* Rust inseguro (unsafe): ponteiros brutos, variáveis estáticas, funções inseguras e funções externas." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "trait Greet {\n" +#~ " fn say_hello(&self);\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "trait Saudar {\n" +#~ " fn diz_ola(&self);\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "struct Dog {\n" +#~ " name: String,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "struct Cachorro {\n" +#~ " nome: String,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "struct Cat; // No name, cats won't respond to it anyway." +#~ msgstr "struct Gato; // Sem nome, os gatos não vão responder de qualquer maneira." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Greet for Dog {\n" +#~ " fn say_hello(&self) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Wuf, my name is {}!\", self.name);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Saudar for Cachorro {\n" +#~ " fn diz_ola(&self) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Wuf, meu nome é {}!\", self.nome);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Greet for Cat {\n" +#~ " fn say_hello(&self) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Miau!\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Saudar for Gato {\n" +#~ " fn diz_ola(&self) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Miau!\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let pets: Vec> = vec![\n" +#~ " Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n" +#~ " Box::new(Cat),\n" +#~ " ];\n" +#~ " for pet in pets {\n" +#~ " pet.say_hello();\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let pets: Vec> = vec![\n" +#~ " Box::new(Cachorro{ nome: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n" +#~ " Box::new(Gato),\n" +#~ " ];\n" +#~ " for pet in pets {\n" +#~ " pet.diz_ola();\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Compare these outputs in the above example:\n" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::(), std::mem::size_of::());\n" +#~ " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::<&Cat>());\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Greet>());\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::>());\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Compare essas saídas no exemplo acima:\n" +#~ "```rust, ignore\n" +#~ " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::(), std::mem::size_of::());\n" +#~ " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::<&Cat>());\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Greet>());\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::>());\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n" +#~ "struct Player {\n" +#~ " name: String,\n" +#~ " strength: u8,\n" +#~ " hit_points: u8,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n" +#~ "struct Jogador {\n" +#~ " nome: String,\n" +#~ " forca: u8,\n" +#~ " pontos_vida: u8,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "trait Equals {\n" +#~ " fn equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" +#~ " fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" +#~ " !self.equal(other)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "trait Iguais {\n" +#~ " fn igual(&self, outro: &Self) -> bool;\n" +#~ " fn diferente(&self, outro: &Self) -> bool {\n" +#~ " !self.igual(outro)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Centimeter(i16);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Centimetro(i16);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Equals for Centimeter {\n" +#~ " fn equal(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n" +#~ " self.0 == other.0\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Iguais for Centimetro {\n" +#~ " fn igual(&self, outro: &Centimetro) -> bool {\n" +#~ " self.0 == outro.0\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let a = Centimeter(10);\n" +#~ " let b = Centimeter(20);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equal(&b));\n" +#~ " println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equal(&b));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let a = Centimetro(10);\n" +#~ " let b = Centimetro(20);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{a:?} é igual a {b:?}: {}\", a.igual(&b));\n" +#~ " println!(\"{a:?} é diferente de {b:?}: {}\", a.diferente(&b));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* `IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by collection types such as\n" +#~ " `Vec` and references to them such as `&Vec` and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it.\n" +#~ "* The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming operations over collections \n" +#~ " (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is the trait where you can find all the documentation\n" +#~ " about them. In Rust these functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative\n" +#~ " implementations.\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "
" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* `IntoIterator` é o recurso que faz com que os laços funcionem. É implementado por tipos de coleção, como\n" +#~ " `Vec` e referências a eles, como `&Vec` e `&[T]`. Os intervalos também o implementam.\n" +#~ "* O _trait_ `Iterator` implementa muitas operações de programação funcional comuns sobre coleções\n" +#~ " (por exemplo, `mapa`, `filtro`, `redução`, etc). Este é o _trait_ onde você pode encontrar toda a documentação\n" +#~ " sobre eles. Em Rust, essas funções devem produzir o código tão eficiente quanto a implementação imperativa equivalente.\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "
" + +#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html" +#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn count_lines(reader: R) -> usize {\n" +#~ " let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n" +#~ " buf_reader.lines().count()\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn contar_linhas(reader: R) -> usize {\n" +#~ " let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n" +#~ " buf_reader.lines().count()\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" +#~ " let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n" +#~ " println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" +#~ " let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n" +#~ " println!(\"linhas na slice: {}\", contar_linhas(slice));" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n" +#~ " println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n" +#~ " Ok(())\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n" +#~ " println!(\"linhas no arquivo: {}\", contar_linhas(file));\n" +#~ " Ok(())\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::io::{Result, Write};" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "use std::io::{Result, Write};" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html\n" +#~ "[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html\n" +#~ "[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n" +#~ "struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n" +#~ "struct Ponto { x: i32, y: i32 }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n" +#~ " type Output = Self;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl std::ops::Add for Ponto {\n" +#~ " type Output = Self;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n" +#~ " Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n" +#~ " Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n" +#~ " let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n" +#~ " println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let p1 = Ponto { x: 10, y: 20 };\n" +#~ " let p2 = Ponto { x: 100, y: 200 };\n" +#~ " println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html" +#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "struct Droppable {\n" +#~ " name: &'static str,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "struct Excluivel {\n" +#~ " nome: &'static str,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Drop for Droppable {\n" +#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Drop for Excluivel {\n" +#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Executando 'Drop' {}\", self.nome);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html" +#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" +#~ "struct Derived {\n" +#~ " x: u32,\n" +#~ " y: String,\n" +#~ " z: Implemented,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" +#~ "struct Derivado {\n" +#~ " x: u32,\n" +#~ " y: String,\n" +#~ " z: Implementado,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Implemented(String);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Implementado(String);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Default for Implemented {\n" +#~ " fn default() -> Self {\n" +#~ " Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Default for Implementado {\n" +#~ " fn default() -> Self {\n" +#~ " Self(\"Fulano de tal\".into())\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let default_struct: Derived = Default::default();\n" +#~ " println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let estrutura_default: Derivado = Default::default();\n" +#~ " println!(\"{estrutura_default:#?}\");" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n" +#~ " y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n" +#~ " ..Default::default()\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ " println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let estrutura_quase_default = Derivado {\n" +#~ " y: \"Y é atribuído!\".into(),\n" +#~ " ..Default::default()\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ " println!(\"{estrutura_quase_default:#?}\");" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let nothing: Option = None;\n" +#~ " println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let nada: Option = None;\n" +#~ " println!(\"{:#?}\", nada.unwrap_or_default());\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html" +#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Point {\n" +#~ " x: T,\n" +#~ " y: T,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Ponto {\n" +#~ " x: T,\n" +#~ " y: T,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Point(T, T);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Ponto(T, T);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Point {\n" +#~ " fn x(&self) -> &T {\n" +#~ " &self.0 // + 10\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Ponto {\n" +#~ " fn x(&self) -> &T {\n" +#~ " &self.0 // + 10\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let p = Point(5, 10);\n" +#~ " println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let p = Ponto(5, 10);\n" +#~ " println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// Syntactic sugar for:\n" +#~ "// fn add_42_millions>(x: T) -> i32 {\n" +#~ "fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into) -> i32 {\n" +#~ " x.into() + 42_000_000\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// Açucar sintático para:\n" +#~ "// fn somar_42_milhoes>(x: T) -> i32 {\n" +#~ "fn somar_42_milhoes(x: impl Into) -> i32 {\n" +#~ " x.into() + 42_000_000\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "// struct NotClonable;" +#~ msgstr "// struct NotClonable;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n" +#~ " let pair = duplicate(foo);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{pair:?}\");" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n" +#~ " let par = duplicar(foo);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{par:?}\");" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{many}\");\n" +#~ " let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{many_more}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let muito = somar_42_milhoes(42_i8);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{muito}\");\n" +#~ " let muito_mais = somar_42_milhoes(10_000_000);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{muito_mais}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code.\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T)\n" +#~ "where\n" +#~ " T: Clone,\n" +#~ "{\n" +#~ " (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Mostre uma cláusula `where`, os alunos a encontrarão ao ler o código.\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "```rust, ignore\n" +#~ "fn duplicar(a: T) -> (T, T)\n" +#~ "where\n" +#~ " T: Clone,\n" +#~ "{\n" +#~ " (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::fmt::Display;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "use std::fmt::Display;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n" +#~ " format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn get_x(nome: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n" +#~ " format!(\"Olá {nome}\")\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"{x}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"{x}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n" +#~ " let mul_5 = |x| x * 5;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let soma_3 = |x| x + 3;\n" +#~ " let multiplica_5 = |x| x * 5;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n" +#~ " println!(\"mul_5: {}\", apply_with_log(mul_5, 20));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"soma_3: {}\", aplicar_com_registro(soma_3, 10));\n" +#~ " println!(\"multiplica_5: {}\", aplicar_com_registro(multiplica_5, 20));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "enum Option_i32 {\n" +#~ " Some(i32),\n" +#~ " None,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "enum Option_i32 {\n" +#~ " Some (i32),\n" +#~ " None,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "enum Option_f64 {\n" +#~ " Some(f64),\n" +#~ " None,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "enum Option_f64 {\n" +#~ " Some (f64),\n" +#~ " None,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "We've seen how a function can take arguments which implement a trait:" +#~ msgstr "Vimos como uma função pode receber argumentos que implementam um `trait` :" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn print(x: T) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Your value: {x}\");\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn print(x: T) {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Seu valor: {}\", x);\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " print(123);\n" +#~ " print(\"Hello\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " print(123);\n" +#~ " print(\"Olá\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "However, how can we store a collection of mixed types which implement `Display`?" +#~ msgstr "No entanto, como podemos armazenar uma coleção de tipos mistos que implementam `Display`?" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let xs = vec![123, \"Hello\"];\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let xs = vec![123, \"Olá\"];\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "For this, we need _trait objects_:" +#~ msgstr "Para isso, precisamos de objetos de _traits_:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let xs: Vec> = vec![Box::new(123), Box::new(\"Hello\")];\n" +#~ " for x in xs {\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let xs: Vec> = vec![Box::new(123), Box::new(\"Olá\")];\n" +#~ " for x in xs {\n" +#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Similarly, you need a trait object if you want to return different types\n" +#~ "implementing a trait:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Da mesma forma, você precisa de um objeto de _traits_ se quiser retornar valores diferentes\n" +#~ "implementando um `trait`:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn numbers(n: i32) -> Box> {\n" +#~ " if n > 0 {\n" +#~ " Box::new(0..n)\n" +#~ " } else {\n" +#~ " Box::new((n..0).rev())\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn numeros(n: i32) -> Box> {\n" +#~ " if n > 0 {\n" +#~ " Box::new(0..n)\n" +#~ " } else {\n" +#~ " Box::new((n..0).rev())\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", numbers(-5).collect::>());\n" +#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", numbers(5).collect::>());\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", numeros(-5).collect::>());\n" +#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", numeros(5).collect::>());\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,should_panic\n" +#~ "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +#~ "#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,should_panic\n" +#~ "// TODO: remova isso quando terminar sua implementação.\n" +#~ "#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "pub trait Widget {\n" +#~ " /// Natural width of `self`.\n" +#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "pub trait Widget {\n" +#~ " /// Largura natural de `self`.\n" +#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n" +#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " /// Desenha o widget em um buffer.\n" +#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n" +#~ " fn draw(&self) {\n" +#~ " let mut buffer = String::new();\n" +#~ " self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{buffer}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " /// Desenha o widget na saída padrão.\n" +#~ " fn draw(&self) {\n" +#~ " let mut buffer = String::new();\n" +#~ " self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", &buffer);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "pub struct Label {\n" +#~ " label: String,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "pub struct Label {\n" +#~ " label: String,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Label {\n" +#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n" +#~ " Label {\n" +#~ " label: label.to_owned(),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Label {\n" +#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n" +#~ " Label {\n" +#~ " label: label.to_owned(),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "pub struct Button {\n" +#~ " label: Label,\n" +#~ " callback: Box,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "pub struct Button {\n" +#~ " label: Label,\n" +#~ " callback: Box,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Button {\n" +#~ " fn new(label: &str, callback: Box) -> Button {\n" +#~ " Button {\n" +#~ " label: Label::new(label),\n" +#~ " callback,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Button {\n" +#~ " fn new(label: &str, callback: Box) -> Button {\n" +#~ " Button {\n" +#~ " label: Label::new(label),\n" +#~ " callback,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "pub struct Window {\n" +#~ " title: String,\n" +#~ " widgets: Vec>,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "pub struct Window {\n" +#~ " title: String,\n" +#~ " widgets: Vec>,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Window {\n" +#~ " fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n" +#~ " Window {\n" +#~ " title: title.to_owned(),\n" +#~ " widgets: Vec::new(),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Window {\n" +#~ " fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n" +#~ " Window {\n" +#~ " title: title.to_owned(),\n" +#~ " widgets: Vec::new(),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box) {\n" +#~ " self.widgets.push(widget);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box) {\n" +#~ " self.widgets.push(widget);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Widget for Label {\n" +#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Widget for Label {\n" +#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n" +#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n" +#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Widget for Window {\n" +#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Widget for Window {\n" +#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" +#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo.\")));\n" +#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" +#~ " \"Click me!\",\n" +#~ " Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n" +#~ " )));\n" +#~ " window.draw();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" +#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"Esta é uma pequena demonstração de GUI de texto.\")));\n" +#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" +#~ " \"Clique em mim!\",\n" +#~ " Box::new(|| println!(\"Você clicou no botão!\")),\n" +#~ " )));\n" +#~ " window.draw();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "This is a small text GUI demo." +#~ msgstr "Esta é uma pequena demonstração de GUI de texto." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "| Click me! |\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "| Clique-me! |\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "use std::panic;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "use std::panic;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" +#~ " println!(\"hello!\");\n" +#~ "});\n" +#~ "assert!(result.is_ok());" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Olá!\");\n" +#~ "});\n" +#~ "assert!(result.is_ok());" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" +#~ " panic!(\"oh no!\");\n" +#~ "});\n" +#~ "assert!(result.is_err());\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" +#~ " panic!(\"oh não!\");\n" +#~ "});\n" +#~ "assert!(result.is_err());\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "use std::fs::File;\n" +#~ "use std::io::Read;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "use std::fs::File;\n" +#~ "use std::io::Read;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::fs;\n" +#~ "use std::io::{self, Read};" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "use std::fs;\n" +#~ "use std::io::{self, Read};" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +#~ " let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" +#~ " let arquivo_nome_usuario_result = fs::File::open(caminho);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n" +#~ " Ok(file) => file,\n" +#~ " Err(e) => return Err(e),\n" +#~ " };" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let mut arquivo_nome_usuario = match arquivo_nome_usuario_result {\n" +#~ " Ok(arquivo) => arquivo,\n" +#~ " Err(e) => return Err(e),\n" +#~ " };" + +#~ msgid " let mut username = String::new();" +#~ msgstr " let mut nome_usuario = String::new();" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n" +#~ " Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n" +#~ " Err(e) => Err(e),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " match arquivo_nome_usuario.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario) {\n" +#~ " Ok(_) => Ok(nome_usuario),\n" +#~ " Err(e) => Err(e),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n" +#~ " let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n" +#~ " let nome_usuario = ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"Nome de usuário ou erro: {nome_usuario:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::error::Error;\n" +#~ "use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n" +#~ "use std::fs::{self, File};\n" +#~ "use std::io::{self, Read};" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::error::Error;\n" +#~ "use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n" +#~ "use std::fs::{self, File};\n" +#~ "use std::io::{self, Read};" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n" +#~ " IoError(io::Error),\n" +#~ " EmptyUsername(String),\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "enum LerNomeUsuarioError {\n" +#~ " IoError(io::Error),\n" +#~ " NomeUsuarioVazio(String),\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}" +#~ msgstr "impl Error for LerNomeUsuarioError {}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n" +#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n" +#~ " match self {\n" +#~ " Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {}\", e),\n" +#~ " Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username in {}\", filename),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Display for LerNomeUsuarioError {\n" +#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n" +#~ " match self {\n" +#~ " Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"Erro de E/S: {}\", e),\n" +#~ " Self::NomeUsuarioVazio(arquivo) => write!(f, \"Não foi encontrado nome de usuário em {}\", arquivo),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl From for ReadUsernameError {\n" +#~ " fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n" +#~ " ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl From for LerNomeUsuarioError {\n" +#~ " fn from(err: io::Error) -> LerNomeUsuarioError {\n" +#~ " LerNomeUsuarioError::IoError(err)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +#~ " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" +#~ " File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" +#~ " if username.is_empty() {\n" +#~ " return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " Ok(username)\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" +#~ " let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n" +#~ " File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" +#~ " if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" +#~ " return Err(LerNomeUsuarioError::NomeUsuarioVazio(String::from(caminho)));\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " Ok(nome_usuario)\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +#~ " let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +#~ " let nome_usuario = ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\");\n" +#~ " println!(\"Nome de usuário ou erro: {nome_usuario:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use std::{fs, io};\n" +#~ "use std::io::Read;\n" +#~ "use thiserror::Error;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use std::{fs, io};\n" +#~ "use std::io::Read;\n" +#~ "use thiserror::Error;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n" +#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n" +#~ " #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n" +#~ " IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n" +#~ " #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n" +#~ " EmptyUsername(String),\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n" +#~ "enum LerNomeUsuarioError {\n" +#~ " #[error(\"Não foi possível ler: {0}\")]\n" +#~ " IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n" +#~ " #[error(\"Não foi encontrado o nome do usuário em {0}\")]\n" +#~ " NomeUsuarioVazio(String),\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +#~ " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" +#~ " fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" +#~ " if username.is_empty() {\n" +#~ " return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " Ok(username)\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" +#~ " let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n" +#~ " fs::File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" +#~ " if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" +#~ " return Err(LerNomeUsuarioError::NomeUsuarioVazio(String::from(caminho)));\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " Ok(nome_usuario)\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +#~ " match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" +#~ " Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" +#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +#~ " match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n" +#~ " Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"Nome de usuário: {nome_usuario}\"),\n" +#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err}\"),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use std::fs::{self, File};\n" +#~ "use std::io::Read;\n" +#~ "use thiserror::Error;\n" +#~ "use std::error::Error;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use std::fs::{self, File};\n" +#~ "use std::io::Read;\n" +#~ "use thiserror::Error;\n" +#~ "use std::error::Error;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n" +#~ "#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n" +#~ "struct EmptyUsernameError(String);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n" +#~ "#[error(\"Nome de usuário não encontrado em {0}\")]\n" +#~ "struct NomeUsuarioVazioError(String);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result> {\n" +#~ " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" +#~ " File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" +#~ " if username.is_empty() {\n" +#~ " return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " Ok(username)\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result> {\n" +#~ " let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n" +#~ " File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" +#~ " if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" +#~ " return Err(NomeUsuarioVazioError(String::from(caminho)).into());\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " Ok (nome_usuario)\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use std::{fs, io};\n" +#~ "use std::io::Read;\n" +#~ "use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use std::{fs};\n" +#~ "use std::io::Read;\n" +#~ "use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +#~ " match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" +#~ " Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" +#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +#~ " match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n" +#~ " Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"Nome de usuário: {nome_usuario}\"),\n" +#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err:?}\"),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "* Unit tests are supported throughout your code." +#~ msgstr "* Os testes unitários são suportados em todo o seu código." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n" +#~ " match text.find(' ') {\n" +#~ " Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n" +#~ " None => &text,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn primeira_palavra(text: &str) -> &str {\n" +#~ " match text.find(' ') {\n" +#~ " Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n" +#~ " None => &text,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_empty() {\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn teste_vazio() {\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"\"), \"\");\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_single_word() {\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_uma_palavra() {\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"Olá\"), \"Olá\");\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_multiple_words() {\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_multiplas_palavras() {\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"Olá Mundo\"), \"Olá\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n" +#~ " format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n" +#~ " format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "pub fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "pub fn main() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Olá\", \"Mundo\"));\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_helper() {\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_helper() {\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "use my_library::init;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, ignore\n" +#~ "use minha_biblioteca::init;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut num = 5;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut num = 5;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n" +#~ " let r2 = &num as *const i32;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n" +#~ " let r2 = &num as *const i32;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "static mut CONTADOR: u32 = 0;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n" +#~ " unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potential data race!\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n" +#~ " unsafe { CONTADOR += inc; } // Potencial corrida de dados!\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " add_to_counter(42);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " add_to_counter(42);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potential data race!\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " unsafe { println!(\"CONTADOR: {}\", CONTADOR); } // Potencial corrida de dados!\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[repr(C)]\n" +#~ "union MyUnion {\n" +#~ " i: u8,\n" +#~ " b: bool,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "#[repr(C)]\n" +#~ "union MinhaUnion {\n" +#~ " i: u8,\n" +#~ " b: bool,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds of\n" +#~ " // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n" +#~ " unsafe {\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // Seguro porque os índices estão na ordem correta, dentro dos limites da\n" +#~ " // slice da string e fica nos limites da sequência UTF-8.\n" +#~ " unsafe {\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut a = 42;\n" +#~ " let mut b = 66;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut a = 42;\n" +#~ " let mut b = 66;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // Safe because ...\n" +#~ " unsafe {\n" +#~ " swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // Seguro porque...\n" +#~ " unsafe {\n" +#~ " troca(&mut a, &mut b);\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::mem::size_of_val;\n" +#~ "use std::slice;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "use std::mem::size_of_val;\n" +#~ "use std::slice;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n" +#~ "unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// Seguro porque u32 tem uma representação definida e nenhum preenchimento.\n" +#~ "unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "[solution]: solutions-afternoon.md" +#~ msgstr "[solução]: solutions-afternoon.md" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`] module, particular for [`CStr`]\n" +#~ "and [`CString`] types which are used to hold NUL-terminated strings coming from\n" +#~ "C. The [Nomicon] also has a very useful chapter about FFI." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Você também deve procurar o módulo [`std::ffi`], especialmente para [`CStr`]\n" +#~ "e tipos [`CString`] que são usados para armazenar strings terminadas com NULL vindas do\n" +#~ "C. O [Nomicon] também tem um capítulo muito útil sobre FFI." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[`std::ffi`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/\n" +#~ "[`CStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html\n" +#~ "[`CString`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html\n" +#~ "[Nomicon]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[`std::ffi`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/\n" +#~ "[`CStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html\n" +#~ "[`CString`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html\n" +#~ "[Nomicon]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "mod ffi {\n" +#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "mod ffi {\n" +#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" +#~ " #[repr(C)]\n" +#~ " pub struct DIR {\n" +#~ " _data: [u8; 0],\n" +#~ " _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::PhantomPinned)>,\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // Tipo opaco. Consulte https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" +#~ " #[repr(C)]\n" +#~ " pub struct DIR {\n" +#~ " _data: [u8; 0],\n" +#~ " _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::PhantomPinned)>,\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // Layout as per readdir(3) and definitions in /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu.\n" +#~ " #[repr(C)]\n" +#~ " pub struct dirent {\n" +#~ " pub d_ino: c_long,\n" +#~ " pub d_off: c_ulong,\n" +#~ " pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" +#~ " pub d_type: c_char,\n" +#~ " pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // Layout para readdir(3) e definições em /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu.\n" +#~ " #[repr(C)]\n" +#~ " pub struct dirent {\n" +#~ " pub d_ino: c_long,\n" +#~ " pub d_off: c_ulong,\n" +#~ " pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" +#~ " pub d_type: c_char,\n" +#~ " pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " extern \"C\" {\n" +#~ " pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" +#~ " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" +#~ " pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " extern \"C\" {\n" +#~ " pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" +#~ " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" +#~ " pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" +#~ "use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" +#~ "use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n" +#~ " path: CString,\n" +#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n" +#~ " path: CString,\n" +#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n" +#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +#~ " // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" +#~ " // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n" +#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +#~ " // Chama opendir e retorna um valor Ok se funcionou,\n" +#~ " // caso contrário, retorna Err com uma mensagem.\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" +#~ " type Item = OsString;\n" +#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" +#~ " // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" +#~ " type Item = OsString;\n" +#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" +#~ " // Continue chamando readdir até obter um ponteiro NULL de volta.\n" +#~ " unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" +#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" +#~ " println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" +#~ " Ok(())\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" +#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" +#~ " println!(\"arquivos: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" +#~ " Ok(())\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "# Welcome to Day 4" +#~ msgstr "# Bem-vindo ao Dia 4" + +#~ msgid "Today we will look at two main topics:" +#~ msgstr "Hoje veremos dois tópicos principais:" + +#~ msgid "* Concurrency: threads, channels, shared state, `Send` and `Sync`." +#~ msgstr "* Concorrência: _threads_, _channels_, estado compartilhado, `Send` e `Sync`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Android: building binaries and libraries, using AIDL, logging, and\n" +#~ " interoperability with C, C++, and Java." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Android: construindo binários e bibliotecas, usando AIDL, log e\n" +#~ " interoperabilidade com C, C++ e Java." + +#~ msgid "# Fearless Concurrency" +#~ msgstr "# Concorrência sem medo" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::thread;\n" +#~ "use std::time::Duration;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::thread;\n" +#~ "use std::time::Duration;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " for i in 1..5 {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n" +#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " for i in 1..5 {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Thread principal: {i}\");\n" +#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread is\n" +#~ " not waiting." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Observe que o _thread_ é interrompido antes de atingir 10 — o _thread_ principal não\n" +#~ " o espera." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for\n" +#~ " the thread to finish." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` e posteriormente `handle.join()` para aguardar\n" +#~ " a `thread` terminar." + +#~ msgid "* Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`." +#~ msgstr "* Acione um pânico (`panic`) na _thread_ e observe como isso não afeta a _thread_ `main`." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "* Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the panic\n" +#~ " payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`]." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "* Use o valor de retorno `Result` de `handle.join()` para obter acesso ao\n" +#~ " _payload_ do `panic` gerado. Este é um bom momento para falar sobre [`Any`]." + +#~ msgid "[`Any`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html" +#~ msgstr "[`Qualquer`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use std::thread;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use std::thread;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s = String::from(\"Hello\");" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let s = String::from(\"Olá\");" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " thread::spawn(|| {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" +#~ " });\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " thread::spawn(|| {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Comprimento: {}\", s.len());\n" +#~ " });\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::thread;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::thread;" + +#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.scope.html" +#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.scope.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +#~ "use std::thread;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +#~ "use std::thread;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" +#~ " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"Recebido: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" +#~ " println!(\"Recebido: {:?}\", rx.recv());" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let tx2 = tx.clone();\n" +#~ " tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n" +#~ " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let tx2 = tx.clone();\n" +#~ " tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n" +#~ " println!(\"Recebido: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +#~ "use std::thread;\n" +#~ "use std::time::Duration;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +#~ "use std::thread;\n" +#~ "use std::time::Duration;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " for msg in rx.iter() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Main: got {}\", msg);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " for msg in rx.iter() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Main: obteve {msg}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " for msg in rx.iter() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " for msg in rx.iter() {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Main: obteve {msg}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::thread;\n" +#~ "use std::sync::Arc;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "use std::thread;\n" +#~ "use std::sync::Arc;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n" +#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n" +#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html" +#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::sync::Mutex;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "use std::sync::Mutex;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v: Mutex> = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" +#~ " println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v: Mutex> = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" +#~ " println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let v: &Mutex> = &v;\n" +#~ " let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n" +#~ " guard.push(40);\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let v: &Mutex> = &v;\n" +#~ " let mut guarda= v.lock().unwrap();\n" +#~ " guarda.push(40);\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E\n" +#~ "[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E\n" +#~ "[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html \n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "
" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "
" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use std::thread;\n" +#~ "// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use std::thread;\n" +#~ "// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " handle.join().unwrap();\n" +#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " handle.join().unwrap();\n" +#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Possible solution:\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" +#~ "use std::thread;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Solução possível:\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" +#~ "use std::thread;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let v2 = v.clone();\n" +#~ " let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n" +#~ " let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n" +#~ " v2.push(10);\n" +#~ " });" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let v2 = v.clone();\n" +#~ " let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n" +#~ " let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n" +#~ " v2.push(10);\n" +#~ " });" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" +#~ " v.push(1000);\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" +#~ " v.push(1000);\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid " handle.join().unwrap();" +#~ msgstr " handle.join().unwrap();" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" +#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "Notable parts:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " {\n" +#~ " let v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" +#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```\n" +#~ " \n" +#~ "Partes importantes:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html\n" +#~ "[3]: ../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html\n" +#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html\n" +#~ "[3]: ../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md" + +#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html" +#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html" + +#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html" +#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html" + +#~ msgid "* Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency." +#~ msgstr "* _Dining philosophers_: um problema clássico em concorrência." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +#~ "use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" +#~ "use std::thread;\n" +#~ "use std::time::Duration;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +#~ "use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" +#~ "use std::thread;\n" +#~ "use std::time::Duration;" + +#~ msgid "struct Fork;" +#~ msgstr "struct Garfo;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "struct Philosopher {\n" +#~ " name: String,\n" +#~ " // left_fork: ...\n" +#~ " // right_fork: ...\n" +#~ " // thoughts: ...\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "struct Filosofo {\n" +#~ " nome: String,\n" +#~ " // garfo_esquerda: ...\n" +#~ " // garfo_direita: ...\n" +#~ " // pensamentos: ...\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Philosopher {\n" +#~ " fn think(&self) {\n" +#~ " self.thoughts\n" +#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" +#~ " .unwrap();\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Filosofo {\n" +#~ " fn pensa(&self) {\n" +#~ " self.pensamento\n" +#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} tem uma nova ideia!\", &self.nome))\n" +#~ " .unwrap();\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn eat(&self) {\n" +#~ " // Pick up forks...\n" +#~ " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" +#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn come(&self) {\n" +#~ " // Pegar garfos...\n" +#~ " println!(\"{} está comendo...\", &self.nome);\n" +#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" +#~ " &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "static FILOSOFOS: &[&str] =\n" +#~ "&[\"Sócrates\", \"Platão\", \"Aristóteles\", \"Tales\", \"Pitágoras\"];" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " // Create forks" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " // Criar garfos" + +#~ msgid " // Create philosophers" +#~ msgstr " // Criar filosofos" + +#~ msgid " // Make them think and eat" +#~ msgstr " // Faça-os pensar e comer" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // Output their thoughts\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // Mostrar seus pensamentos\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use reqwest::blocking::{get, Response};\n" +#~ "use reqwest::Url;\n" +#~ "use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n" +#~ "use thiserror::Error;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n" +#~ "use reqwest::blocking::{get, Response};\n" +#~ "use reqwest::Url;\n" +#~ "use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n" +#~ "use thiserror::Error;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n" +#~ "enum Error {\n" +#~ " #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n" +#~ " ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n" +#~ "enum Error{\n" +#~ " #[error(\"erro de solicitação: {0}\")]\n" +#~ " ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn extract_links(response: Response) -> Result, Error> {\n" +#~ " let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n" +#~ " let document = response.text()?;\n" +#~ " let html = Html::parse_document(&document);\n" +#~ " let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn extract_links(response: Response) -> Result, Error> {\n" +#~ " let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n" +#~ " let document = response.text()?;\n" +#~ " let html = Html::parse_document(&document);\n" +#~ " let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let mut valid_urls = Vec::new();\n" +#~ " for element in html.select(&selector) {\n" +#~ " if let Some(href) = element.value().attr(\"href\") {\n" +#~ " match base_url.join(href) {\n" +#~ " Ok(url) => valid_urls.push(url),\n" +#~ " Err(err) => {\n" +#~ " println!(\"On {base_url}: could not parse {href:?}: {err} (ignored)\",);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let mut valid_urls = Vec::new();\n" +#~ " for element in html.select(&selector) {\n" +#~ " if let Some(href) = element.value().attr(\"href\") {\n" +#~ " match base_url.join(href) {\n" +#~ " Ok(url) => valid_urls.push(url),\n" +#~ " Err(err) => {\n" +#~ " println!(\"Em {base_url}: não foi possível analisar {href:?}: {err} (ignorado)\",);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " Ok(valid_urls)\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " Ok(valid_urls)\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n" +#~ " let response = get(start_url).unwrap();\n" +#~ " match extract_links(response) {\n" +#~ " Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n" +#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n" +#~ " let response = get(start_url).unwrap();\n" +#~ " match extract_links(response) {\n" +#~ " Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n" +#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Não foi possível extrair os links: {err:#}\"),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[1]: https://docs.rs/reqwest/\n" +#~ "[2]: https://docs.rs/scraper/\n" +#~ "[3]: https://docs.rs/thiserror/" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[1]: https://docs.rs/reqwest/\n" +#~ "[2]: https://docs.rs/scraper/\n" +#~ "[3]: https://docs.rs/thiserror/" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "//! Rust demo." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "//! Demonstração de Rust." + +#~ msgid "[crates]: https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/crates/" +#~ msgstr "[crates]: https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/crates/" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "rust_library {\n" +#~ " name: \"libgreetings\",\n" +#~ " crate_name: \"greetings\",\n" +#~ " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "rust_library {\n" +#~ " name: \"libgreetings\",\n" +#~ " crate_name: \"greetings\",\n" +#~ " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "//! Rust demo." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, ignore\n" +#~ "//! Demonstração de rust." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "use greetings::greeting;\n" +#~ "use textwrap::fill;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "use greetings::greeting;\n" +#~ "use textwrap::fill;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "//! Greeting library." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, ignore\n" +#~ "//! Biblioteca de Saudação." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```java\n" +#~ "package com.example.birthdayservice;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```java\n" +#~ "package com.example.birthdayservice;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n" +#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" +#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, ignore\n" +#~ "//! Implementação da interface AIDL `IBirthdayService`.\n" +#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" +#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n" +#~ "pub struct BirthdayService;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "/// A implementação `IBirthdayService`.\n" +#~ "pub struct BirthdayService;" + +#~ msgid "impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}" +#~ msgstr "impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n" +#~ " fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::Result {\n" +#~ " Ok(format!(\n" +#~ " \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!\"\n" +#~ " ))\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n" +#~ " fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::Result {\n" +#~ " Ok(format!(\n" +#~ " \"Feliz Aniversário {name}, parabéns pelos {years} anos!\"\n" +#~ " ))\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "//! Birthday service.\n" +#~ "use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n" +#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n" +#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, ignore\n" +#~ "//! Serviço de aniversário.\n" +#~ "use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n" +#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n" +#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" + +#~ msgid "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";" +#~ msgstr "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "//! Birthday service.\n" +#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" +#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, ignore\n" +#~ "//! Serviço de aniversário.\n" +#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" +#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n" +#~ "pub fn connect() -> Result, binder::StatusCode> {\n" +#~ " binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "/// Conecte-se ao Serviço de Aniversário.\n" +#~ "pub fn connect() -> Result, binder::StatusCode> {\n" +#~ " binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "/// Call the birthday service.\n" +#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n" +#~ " let name = std::env::args()\n" +#~ " .nth(1)\n" +#~ " .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n" +#~ " let years = std::env::args()\n" +#~ " .nth(2)\n" +#~ " .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::().ok())\n" +#~ " .unwrap_or(42);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "/// Chamada ao serviço de aniversário.\n" +#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n" +#~ " let name = std::env::args()\n" +#~ " .nth(1)\n" +#~ " .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n" +#~ " let years = std::env::args()\n" +#~ " .nth(2)\n" +#~ " .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::().ok())\n" +#~ " .unwrap_or(42);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n" +#~ " let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to BirthdayService\");\n" +#~ " let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n" +#~ " println!(\"{msg}\");\n" +#~ " Ok(())\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n" +#~ " let service = connect().expect(\"Falha ao conectar ao BirthdayService\");\n" +#~ " let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n" +#~ " println!(\"{msg}\");\n" +#~ " Ok(())\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,ignore\n" +#~ "//! Rust logging demo." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, ignore\n" +#~ "//! Demonstração de registro de rust." + +#~ msgid "use log::{debug, error, info};" +#~ msgstr "use log::{debug, error, info};" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "extern \"C\" {\n" +#~ " fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "extern \"C\" {\n" +#~ " fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "void print_card(const card* card);\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "void print_card(const card* card);\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```c\n" +#~ "#include \n" +#~ "#include \"libbirthday.h\"" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```c\n" +#~ "#include \n" +#~ "#include \"libbirthday.h\"" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n" +#~ "//! Bindgen demo." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n" +#~ "//! Demonstração do Bingen." + +#~ msgid "use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};" +#~ msgstr "use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "//! Rust FFI demo.\n" +#~ "#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust, editable\n" +#~ "//! Demonstração de uso do FFI com Rust.\n" +#~ "#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]" + +#~ msgid "use std::os::raw::c_int;" +#~ msgstr "use std::os::raw::c_int;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```c\n" +#~ "#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n" +#~ "#define ANALYSE_H" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```c\n" +#~ "#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n" +#~ "#define ANALYSE_H" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#endif\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#endif\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```c\n" +#~ "#include \"analyze.h\"" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```c\n" +#~ "#include \"analyze.h\"" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "[1]: https://cxx.rs/\n" +#~ "[2]: https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "[1]: https://cxx.rs/\n" +#~ "[2]: https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n" +#~ "//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n" +#~ "//! Demonstração FFI Rust <-> Java." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n" +#~ "use jni::sys::jstring;\n" +#~ "use jni::JNIEnv;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n" +#~ "use jni::sys::jstring;\n" +#~ "use jni::JNIEnv;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```java\n" +#~ "class HelloWorld {\n" +#~ " private static native String hello(String name);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```java\n" +#~ "classe HelloWorld{\n" +#~ " private static native String hello(String name);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " static {\n" +#~ " System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " static {\n" +#~ " System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "* Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust." +#~ msgstr "* Chame seu serviço AIDL com um cliente escrito em Rust." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: transpose\n" +#~ "fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n" +#~ " let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n" +#~ " for i in 0..3 {\n" +#~ " for j in 0..3 {\n" +#~ " result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " return result;\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: transpose\n" +#~ "fn transposta(matriz: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n" +#~ " let mut resultado = [[0; 3]; 3];\n" +#~ " for i in 0..3 {\n" +#~ " for j in 0..3 {\n" +#~ " resultado[j][i] = matriz[i][j];\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " return resultado;\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n" +#~ "fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n" +#~ " for row in matrix {\n" +#~ " println!(\"{row:?}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n" +#~ "fn impressao_formatada(matriz: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n" +#~ " for linha in matriz {\n" +#~ " println!(\"{linha:?}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: tests\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_transpose() {\n" +#~ " let matrix = [\n" +#~ " [101, 102, 103], //\n" +#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n" +#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n" +#~ " ];\n" +#~ " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(\n" +#~ " transposed,\n" +#~ " [\n" +#~ " [101, 201, 301], //\n" +#~ " [102, 202, 302],\n" +#~ " [103, 203, 303],\n" +#~ " ]\n" +#~ " );\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: tests" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: tests\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_transposta() {\n" +#~ " let matriz = [\n" +#~ " [101, 102, 103], //\n" +#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n" +#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n" +#~ " ];\n" +#~ " let matriz_transposta = transposta(matriz);\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(\n" +#~ " matriz_transposta,\n" +#~ " [\n" +#~ " [101, 201, 301], //\n" +#~ " [102, 202, 302],\n" +#~ " [103, 203, 303],\n" +#~ " ]\n" +#~ " );\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: tests" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let matrix = [\n" +#~ " [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" +#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n" +#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n" +#~ " ];" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let matriz = [\n" +#~ " [101, 102, 103], // <-- o comentário faz com que o rustfmt adicione uma nova linha\n" +#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n" +#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n" +#~ " ];" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" +#~ " println!(\"transposed:\");\n" +#~ " pretty_print(&transposed);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "### Bonus question" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let matriz_transposta = transposta(matriz);\n" +#~ " println!(\"Transposta:\");\n" +#~ " impressao_formatada(&matriz_transposta);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```\n" +#~ "### Pergunta bônus" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "use std::convert::AsRef;\n" +#~ "use std::fmt::Debug;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust\n" +#~ "use std::convert::AsRef;\n" +#~ "use std::fmt::Debug;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " // &[&[i32]]\n" +#~ " pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n" +#~ " // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n" +#~ " pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n" +#~ " // Vec>\n" +#~ " pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " // &[&[i32]]\n" +#~ " impressao_formatada(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n" +#~ " // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n" +#~ " impressao_formatada([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n" +#~ " // Vec>\n" +#~ " impressao_formatada(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html" +#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: setup\n" +#~ "struct Library {\n" +#~ " books: Vec,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: configuração\n" +#~ "struct Biblioteca {\n" +#~ " livros: Vec,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n" +#~ "impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n" +#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n" +#~ " write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: setup" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// Isso torna possível imprimir valores de livros com {}.\n" +#~ "impl std::fmt::Display for Livro {\n" +#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n" +#~ " write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.titulo, self.ano)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Configuração" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Library_new\n" +#~ "impl Library {\n" +#~ " fn new() -> Library {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n" +#~ " Library { books: Vec::new() }\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Biblioteca {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_new\n" +#~ " fn new() -> Biblioteca {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n" +#~ " Biblioteca { livros: Vec::new() }\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_len\n" +#~ " //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n" +#~ " fn len(&self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " self.books.len()\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_len\n" +#~ " //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " ///}\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n" +#~ " fn tamanho(&self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " self.livros.len()\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n" +#~ " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n" +#~ " fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n" +#~ " self.books.is_empty()\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n" +#~ " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n" +#~ " fn esta_vazia(&self) -> bool {\n" +#~ " self.livros.is_empty()\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n" +#~ " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n" +#~ " fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n" +#~ " self.books.push(book)\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n" +#~ " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " ///}\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n" +#~ " fn adiciona_livro(&mut self, livro: Livro) {\n" +#~ " self.livros.push(livro)\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n" +#~ " //fn print_books(self) {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n" +#~ " fn print_books(&self) {\n" +#~ " for book in &self.books {\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", book);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n" +#~ " //fn print_books(self) {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " ///}\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n" +#~ " fn imprime_livros(&self) {\n" +#~ " for livro in &self.livros {\n" +#~ " println!(\"{}\", livro);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n" +#~ " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" +#~ " // unimplemented!()\n" +#~ " //}\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n" +#~ " fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" +#~ " self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n" +#~ " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" +#~ " // não implementado!()\n" +#~ " ///}\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n" +#~ " fn livro_mais_antigo(&self) -> Option<&Livro> {\n" +#~ " self.livros.iter().min_by_key(|livro| livro.ano)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n" +#~ "// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n" +#~ "// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n" +#~ "// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n" +#~ "// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let library = Library::new();" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n" +#~ "// Isso mostra o comportamento desejado. Descomente o código abaixo e\n" +#~ "// implementa os métodos ausentes. Você precisará atualizar o\n" +#~ "// assinaturas de método, incluindo o parâmetro \"self\"! Você pode\n" +#~ "// também precisa atualizar as ligações de variáveis dentro de main.\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " //println!(\"Our library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +#~ " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " //library.print_books();\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " //match library.oldest_book() {\n" +#~ " // Some(book) => println!(\"My oldest book is {book}\"),\n" +#~ " // None => println!(\"My library is empty!\"),\n" +#~ " //}\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " //println!(\"Our library has {} books\", library.len());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: main" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " //println!(\"Nossa biblioteca está vazia: {}\", biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " //biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n" +#~ " //biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\", 1865));\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " //biblioteca.imprime_livros();\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " //match biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo() {\n" +#~ " // Some(livro) => println!(\"Meu livro mais antigo é {livro}\"),\n" +#~ " // None => println!(\"Minha biblioteca está vazia!\"),\n" +#~ " //}\n" +#~ " //\n" +#~ " //println!(\"Nossa biblioteca tem {} livros\", biblioteca.tamanho());\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: main" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_library_len() {\n" +#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n" +#~ " assert!(library.is_empty());" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_tamanho_biblioteca() {\n" +#~ " let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(biblioteca.tamanho(), 0);\n" +#~ " assert!(biblioteca.esta_vazia());" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n" +#~ " assert!(!library.is_empty());\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n" +#~ " biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\", 1865));\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(biblioteca.tamanho(), 2);\n" +#~ " assert!(!biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_library_is_empty() {\n" +#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n" +#~ " assert!(library.is_empty());" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_biblioteca_esta_vazia() {\n" +#~ " let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n" +#~ " assert!(biblioteca.esta_vazia());" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +#~ " assert!(!library.is_empty());\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n" +#~ " assert!(!biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_library_print_books() {\n" +#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n" +#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" +#~ " // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n" +#~ " // method to start with.\n" +#~ " library.print_books();\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_biblioteca_imprime_livros() {\n" +#~ " let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n" +#~ " biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n" +#~ " biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\", 1865));\n" +#~ " // Poderíamos tentar capturar stdout, mas vamos apenas chamar o\n" +#~ " // método para começar.\n" +#~ " biblioteca.imprime_livros();\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n" +#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n" +#~ " assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_biblioteca_livro_mais_antigo() {\n" +#~ " let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n" +#~ " assert!(biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo().is_none());" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(\n" +#~ " library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n" +#~ " Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n" +#~ " );" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(\n" +#~ " biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo().map(|b| b.titulo.as_str()),\n" +#~ " Some(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\")\n" +#~ " );" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(\n" +#~ " library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n" +#~ " Some(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\")\n" +#~ " );\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\", 1865));\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(\n" +#~ " biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo().map(|b| b.titulo.as_str()),\n" +#~ " Some(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\")\n" +#~ " );\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Point\n" +#~ "pub struct Point {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Point\n" +#~ " x: i32,\n" +#~ " y: i32,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Point\n" +#~ "pub struct Ponto {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Point\n" +#~ " x: i32,\n" +#~ " y: i32,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n" +#~ "impl Point {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n" +#~ " pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n" +#~ " Point { x, y }\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n" +#~ "impl Ponto {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n" +#~ " pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Ponto {\n" +#~ " Ponto { x, y }\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n" +#~ " f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n" +#~ " f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n" +#~ " (self - other).magnitude()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn dist(self, outro: Ponto) -> f64 {\n" +#~ " (self - outro).magnitude()\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" +#~ " Self {\n" +#~ " x: self.x + other.x,\n" +#~ " y: self.y + other.y,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn add(self, outro: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" +#~ " Self {\n" +#~ " x: self.x + outro.x,\n" +#~ " y: self.y + outro.y,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n" +#~ " type Output = Self;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl std::ops::Sub for Ponto {\n" +#~ " type Output = Self;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" +#~ " Self {\n" +#~ " x: self.x - other.x,\n" +#~ " y: self.y - other.y,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " fn sub(self, outro: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" +#~ " Self {\n" +#~ " x: self.x - outro.x,\n" +#~ " y: self.y - outro.y,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Polygon\n" +#~ "pub struct Polygon {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n" +#~ " points: Vec,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Polygon\n" +#~ "pub struct Poligono {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n" +#~ " pontos: Vec,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n" +#~ "impl Polygon {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n" +#~ " pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n" +#~ " Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n" +#~ "impl Poligono {\n" +#~ " pub fn new() -> Poligono {\n" +#~ " Poligono { pontos: Vec::new() }\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n" +#~ " self.points.push(point);\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn adiciona_ponto(&mut self, ponto: Ponto) {\n" +#~ " self.pontos.push(ponto);\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option {\n" +#~ " self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn ponto_mais_a_esquerda(&self) -> Option {\n" +#~ " self.pontos.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator {\n" +#~ " self.points.iter()\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator {\n" +#~ " self.pontos.iter()\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n" +#~ " if self.points.is_empty() {\n" +#~ " return 0.0;\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn comprimento(&self) -> f64 {\n" +#~ " if self.pontos.is_empty() {\n" +#~ " return 0.0;\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let mut result = 0.0;\n" +#~ " let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n" +#~ " for point in &self.points[1..] {\n" +#~ " result += last_point.dist(*point);\n" +#~ " last_point = *point;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n" +#~ " result\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let mut resultado = 0.0;\n" +#~ " let mut ultimo_ponto = self.pontos[0];\n" +#~ " for ponto in &self.pontos[1..] {\n" +#~ " resultado += ultimo_ponto.dist(*ponto);\n" +#~ " ultimo_ponto = *ponto;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " resultado += ultimo_ponto.dist(self.pontos[0]);\n" +#~ " resultado\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Circle\n" +#~ "pub struct Circle {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n" +#~ " center: Point,\n" +#~ " radius: i32,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Circle\n" +#~ "pub struct Circulo {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n" +#~ " centro: Ponto,\n" +#~ " raio: i32,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n" +#~ "impl Circle {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n" +#~ " pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n" +#~ " Circle { center, radius }\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n" +#~ "impl Circulo {\n" +#~ " pub fn new(centro: Ponto, raio: i32) -> Circulo {\n" +#~ " Circulo { centro, raio }\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n" +#~ " 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn circunferencia(&self) -> f64 {\n" +#~ " 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.raio)\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n" +#~ " self.center.dist(other.center)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " pub fn dist(&self, outro: &Self) -> f64 {\n" +#~ " self.centro.dist(outro.centro)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Shape\n" +#~ "pub enum Shape {\n" +#~ " Polygon(Polygon),\n" +#~ " Circle(Circle),\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Shape" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Shape\n" +#~ "pub enum Forma {\n" +#~ " Poligono(Poligono),\n" +#~ " Circulo(Circulo),\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Shape" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl From for Shape {\n" +#~ " fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n" +#~ " Shape::Polygon(poly)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl From for Forma {\n" +#~ " fn from(poli: Poligono) -> Self {\n" +#~ " Forma::Poligono(poli)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl From for Shape {\n" +#~ " fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n" +#~ " Shape::Circle(circle)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl From for Forma {\n" +#~ " fn from(circulo: Circulo) -> Self {\n" +#~ " Forma::Circulo(circulo)\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "impl Shape {\n" +#~ " pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n" +#~ " match self {\n" +#~ " Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n" +#~ " Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "impl Forma {\n" +#~ " pub fn perimetro(&self) -> f64 {\n" +#~ " match self {\n" +#~ " Forma::Poligono(poli) => poli.comprimento(),\n" +#~ " Forma::Circulo(circulo) => circulo.circunferencia(),\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n" +#~ "mod tests {\n" +#~ " use super::*;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n" +#~ "mod tests {\n" +#~ " use super::*;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n" +#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n" +#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n" +#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n" +#~ " let shapes = vec![\n" +#~ " Shape::from(poly),\n" +#~ " Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" +#~ " ];\n" +#~ " let perimeters = shapes\n" +#~ " .iter()\n" +#~ " .map(Shape::perimeter)\n" +#~ " .map(round_two_digits)\n" +#~ " .collect::>();\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " #[test]\n" +#~ " fn test_forma_perimetros() {\n" +#~ " let mut poli = Poligono::new();\n" +#~ " poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(12, 13));\n" +#~ " poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(17, 11));\n" +#~ " poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(16, 16));\n" +#~ " let formas = vec![\n" +#~ " Forma::from(poli),\n" +#~ " Forma::from(Circulo::new(Ponto::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" +#~ " ];\n" +#~ " let perimetros = formas\n" +#~ " .iter()\n" +#~ " .map(Forma::perimetro)\n" +#~ " .map(arredonda_dois_digitos)\n" +#~ " .collect::>();\n" +#~ " assert_eq!(perimetros, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[allow(dead_code)]\n" +#~ "fn main() {}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: luhn\n" +#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n" +#~ " let mut digits_seen = 0;\n" +#~ " let mut sum = 0;\n" +#~ " for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ').enumerate() {\n" +#~ " match ch.to_digit(10) {\n" +#~ " Some(d) => {\n" +#~ " sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n" +#~ " let dd = d * 2;\n" +#~ " dd / 10 + dd % 10\n" +#~ " } else {\n" +#~ " d\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ " digits_seen += 1;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " None => return false,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: luhn\n" +#~ "pub fn luhn(numero_cc: &str) -> bool {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n" +#~ " let mut digitos_vistos = 0;\n" +#~ " let mut soma = 0;\n" +#~ " for (i, ch) in numero_cc.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ').enumerate() {\n" +#~ " match ch.to_digit(10) {\n" +#~ " Some(d) => {\n" +#~ " soma += if i % 2 == 1 {\n" +#~ " let dd = d * 2;\n" +#~ " dd / 10 + dd % 10\n" +#~ " } else {\n" +#~ " d\n" +#~ " };\n" +#~ " digitos_vistos += 1;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " None => return false,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " if digits_seen < 2 {\n" +#~ " return false;\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " if digitos_vistos < 2 {\n" +#~ " return false;\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " sum % 10 == 0\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " soma % 10 == 0\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n" +#~ " println!(\n" +#~ " \"Is {} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n" +#~ " cc_number,\n" +#~ " if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n" +#~ " );\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let numero_cc = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n" +#~ " println!(\n" +#~ " \"{} é um número de cartão de crédito válido? {}\",\n" +#~ " numero_cc,\n" +#~ " if luhn(numero_cc) { \"Sim\" } else { \"Não\" }\n" +#~ " );\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_numero_cc_nao_numerico() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_numero_cc_invalido() {\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n" +#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n" +#~ " let prefixes = prefix.split('/');\n" +#~ " let request_paths = request_path\n" +#~ " .split('/')\n" +#~ " .map(|p| Some(p))\n" +#~ " .chain(std::iter::once(None));" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n" +#~ "pub fn correspondencia_prefixo(prefixo: &str, caminho_requisitado: &str) -> bool {\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n" +#~ " let prefixos = prefixo.split('/');\n" +#~ " let caminhos_requisitados = caminho_requisitado\n" +#~ " .split('/')\n" +#~ " .map(|p| Some(p))\n" +#~ " .chain(std::iter::once(None));" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " for (prefix, request_path) in prefixes.zip(request_paths) {\n" +#~ " match request_path {\n" +#~ " Some(request_path) => {\n" +#~ " if (prefix != \"*\") && (prefix != request_path) {\n" +#~ " return false;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " None => return false,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " true\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " for (prefixo, caminho_requisitado) in prefixos.zip(caminhos_requisitados) {\n" +#~ " match caminho_requisitado {\n" +#~ " Some(caminho_requisitado) => {\n" +#~ " if (prefixo != \"*\") && (prefixo != caminho_requisitado) {\n" +#~ " return false;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " None => return false,\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " true\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +#~ "#[test]\n" +#~ "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" +#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +#~ " assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" +#~ " ));\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: setup\n" +#~ "pub trait Widget {\n" +#~ " /// Natural width of `self`.\n" +#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: setup\n" +#~ "pub trait Widget {\n" +#~ " /// Natural width of `self`.\n" +#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize;" + +#~ msgid "// ANCHOR_END: setup" +#~ msgstr "// ANCHOR_END: setup" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Window-width\n" +#~ "impl Widget for Window {\n" +#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n" +#~ " std::cmp::max(\n" +#~ " self.title.chars().count(),\n" +#~ " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n" +#~ " )\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Window-width\n" +#~ "impl Widget for Window {\n" +#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n" +#~ " std::cmp::max(\n" +#~ " self.title.chars().count(),\n" +#~ " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n" +#~ " )\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n" +#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n" +#~ " let mut inner = String::new();\n" +#~ " for widget in &self.widgets {\n" +#~ " widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n" +#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n" +#~ " let mut inner = String::new();\n" +#~ " for widget in &self.widgets {\n" +#~ " widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid " let window_width = self.width();" +#~ msgstr " let window_width = self.width();" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n" +#~ " // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n" +#~ " // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n" +#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-. Então use\n" +#~ " // o operador ? aqui em vez de .unwrap().\n" +#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:- usize {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n" +#~ " self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Button-width\n" +#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n" +#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n" +#~ " self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n" +#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n" +#~ " let width = self.width();\n" +#~ " let mut label = String::new();\n" +#~ " self.label.draw_into(&mut label);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n" +#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n" +#~ " let width = self.width();\n" +#~ " let mut label = String::new();\n" +#~ " self.label.draw_into(&mut label);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+{:- usize {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n" +#~ " self.label\n" +#~ " .lines()\n" +#~ " .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n" +#~ " .max()\n" +#~ " .unwrap_or(0)\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Label-width\n" +#~ "impl Widget for Label {\n" +#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n" +#~ " self.label\n" +#~ " .lines()\n" +#~ " .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n" +#~ " .max()\n" +#~ " .unwrap_or(0)\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n" +#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n" +#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n" +#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n" +#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" +#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo.\")));\n" +#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" +#~ " \"Click me!\",\n" +#~ " Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n" +#~ " )));\n" +#~ " window.draw();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: main\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" +#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"Esta é uma pequena demonstração de GUI de texto.\")));\n" +#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" +#~ " \"Clique em mim!\",\n" +#~ " Box::new(|| println!(\"Você clicou no botão!\")),\n" +#~ " )));\n" +#~ " window.draw();\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: main\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: ffi\n" +#~ "mod ffi {\n" +#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: ffi\n" +#~ "mod ffi {\n" +#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n" +#~ " path: CString,\n" +#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: ffi" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n" +#~ " path: CString,\n" +#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: ffi" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n" +#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n" +#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +#~ " // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" +#~ " // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n" +#~ " let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid path: {err}\"))?;\n" +#~ " // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n" +#~ " let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n" +#~ " if dir.is_null() {\n" +#~ " Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n" +#~ " } else {\n" +#~ " Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n" +#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n" +#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +#~ " // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" +#~ " // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n" +#~ " let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Caminho inválido: {err}\"))?;\n" +#~ " // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n" +#~ " let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n" +#~ " if dir.is_null() {\n" +#~ " Err(format!(\"Não foi possível abrir {:?}\", path))\n" +#~ " } else {\n" +#~ " Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Iterator\n" +#~ "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" +#~ " type Item = OsString;\n" +#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" +#~ " // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n" +#~ " // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n" +#~ " let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n" +#~ " if dirent.is_null() {\n" +#~ " // We have reached the end of the directory.\n" +#~ " return None;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n" +#~ " // terminated.\n" +#~ " let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n" +#~ " let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n" +#~ " Some(os_str.to_owned())\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Iterator\n" +#~ "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" +#~ " type Item = OsString;\n" +#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" +#~ " // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n" +#~ " // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n" +#~ " let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n" +#~ " if dirent.is_null() {\n" +#~ " // We have reached the end of the directory.\n" +#~ " return None;\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n" +#~ " // terminated.\n" +#~ " let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n" +#~ " let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n" +#~ " Some(os_str.to_owned())\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Drop\n" +#~ "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" +#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n" +#~ " // Call closedir as needed.\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n" +#~ " if !self.dir.is_null() {\n" +#~ " // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n" +#~ " if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n" +#~ " panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Drop\n" +#~ "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" +#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n" +#~ " // Call closedir as needed.\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n" +#~ " if !self.dir.is_null() {\n" +#~ " // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n" +#~ " if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n" +#~ " panic!(\"Não foi possível fechar {:?}\", self.path);\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n" +#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" +#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" +#~ " println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" +#~ " Ok(())\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: main\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n" +#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" +#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" +#~ " println!(\"Arquivos: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" +#~ " Ok(())\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "// ANCHOR_END: main\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "# Day 4 Morning Exercise" +#~ msgstr "# Dia 4 Exercício matinal" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n" +#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +#~ "use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" +#~ "use std::thread;\n" +#~ "use std::time::Duration;" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n" +#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +#~ "use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" +#~ "use std::thread;\n" +#~ "use std::time::Duration;" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "struct Philosopher {\n" +#~ " name: String,\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n" +#~ " left_fork: Arc>,\n" +#~ " right_fork: Arc>,\n" +#~ " thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender,\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "struct Filosofo {\n" +#~ " nome: String,\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n" +#~ " garfo_esquerda: Arc>,\n" +#~ " garfo_direita: Arc>,\n" +#~ " pensamentos: mpsc::SyncSender,\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n" +#~ "impl Philosopher {\n" +#~ " fn think(&self) {\n" +#~ " self.thoughts\n" +#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" +#~ " .unwrap();\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n" +#~ "impl Filosofo {\n" +#~ " fn pensar(&self) {\n" +#~ " self.pensamentos\n" +#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} teve uma nova ideia!\", &self.nome))\n" +#~ " .unwrap();\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n" +#~ " fn eat(&self) {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n" +#~ " println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n" +#~ " let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n" +#~ " let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n" +#~ " fn comer(&self) {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n" +#~ " println!(\"{} está tentando comer\", &self.nome);\n" +#~ " let _esquerda = self.garfo_esquerda.lock().unwrap();\n" +#~ " let _direita = self.garfo_direita.lock().unwrap();" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n" +#~ " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" +#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n" +#~ " println!(\"{} está comendo...\", &self.nome);\n" +#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n" +#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n" +#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n" +#~ " .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n" +#~ " .collect::>();" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let garfos = (0..FILOSOFOS.len())\n" +#~ " .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Garfo)))\n" +#~ " .collect::>();" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " for i in 0..forks.len() {\n" +#~ " let tx = tx.clone();\n" +#~ " let mut left_fork = forks[i].clone();\n" +#~ " let mut right_fork = forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()].clone();" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " for i in 0..garfos.len() {\n" +#~ " let tx = tx.clone();\n" +#~ " let mut garfo_esquerda = garfos[i].clone();\n" +#~ " let mut garfo_direita = garfos[(i + 1) % garfos.len()].clone();" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n" +#~ " // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n" +#~ " // either of them.\n" +#~ " if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n" +#~ " std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " // Para evitar um impasse, temos que quebrar a simetria\n" +#~ " // algum lugar. Isso irá trocar os garfos sem desinicializar\n" +#~ " // qualquer um deles.\n" +#~ " if i == garfos.len() - 1 {\n" +#~ " std::mem::swap(&mut garfo_esquerda, &mut garfo_direita);\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " let philosopher = Philosopher {\n" +#~ " name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n" +#~ " thoughts: tx,\n" +#~ " left_fork,\n" +#~ " right_fork,\n" +#~ " };" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " let filosofo = Filosofo {\n" +#~ " nome: FILOSOFOS[i].to_string(),\n" +#~ " pensamentos: tx,\n" +#~ " garfo_esquerda,\n" +#~ " garfo_direita,\n" +#~ " };" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " thread::spawn(move || {\n" +#~ " for _ in 0..100 {\n" +#~ " philosopher.eat();\n" +#~ " philosopher.think();\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " });\n" +#~ " }" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " thread::spawn(move || {\n" +#~ " for _ in 0..100 {\n" +#~ " filosofo.comer();\n" +#~ " filosofo.pensar();\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ " });\n" +#~ " }" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ " drop(tx);\n" +#~ " for thought in rx {\n" +#~ " println!(\"{thought}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ " drop(tx);\n" +#~ " for pensamento in rx {\n" +#~ " println!(\"{pensamento}\");\n" +#~ " }\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" #~ msgid "" #~ "* `Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++.\n" @@ -17894,4 +26897,3 @@ msgstr "" #~ msgstr "" #~ "* `Box` é como `std::unique_ptr` em C++.\n" #~ "* No exemplo acima, você pode até deixar de fora o `*` na declaração `println!` graças a `Deref`." -