msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: \n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-04-12 22:05+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Olivier Charrez <olivier.charrez@hotmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: French <traduc@traduc.org>\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 3.2.2\n"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:3
msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
msgstr "Bienvenue à Comprehensive Rust(le guide complet de Rust)🦀"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:4
msgid "Running the Course"
msgstr "Instruire le cours"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:5
msgid "Course Structure"
msgstr "Structure du cours"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:6
msgid "Day 4"
msgstr "Jour 4"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:7
msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts"
msgstr "Raccourcis de clavier"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:8
msgid "Translations"
msgstr "Traductions"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:9
msgid "Using Cargo"
msgstr "Utiliser Cargo"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:10
msgid "Rust Ecosystem"
msgstr "Écosystème de Rust"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:11
msgid "Code Samples"
msgstr "Exemples de code"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:12
msgid "Running Cargo Locally"
msgstr "Exécuter Cargo localement"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:15
msgid "Day 1: Morning"
msgstr "Jour 1 : Matin"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:19 src/SUMMARY.md:76 src/SUMMARY.md:129 src/SUMMARY.md:185 src/SUMMARY.md:239
msgid "Welcome"
msgstr "Bienvenue"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:20
msgid "What is Rust?"
msgstr "Qu'est-ce que Rust ?"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:21
msgid "Hello World!"
msgstr "Bonjour le monde!"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:22
msgid "Small Example"
msgstr "Petit exemple"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:23
msgid "Why Rust?"
msgstr "Pourquoi Rust ?"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:24
msgid "Compile Time Guarantees"
msgstr "Garanties à la compilation"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:25
msgid "Runtime Guarantees"
msgstr "Garanties d'exécution"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:26
msgid "Modern Features"
msgstr "Fonctionnalités modernes"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:27
msgid "Basic Syntax"
msgstr "Syntaxe de base"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:28
msgid "Scalar Types"
msgstr "Types de scalaires"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:29
msgid "Compound Types"
msgstr "Types composés"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:30
msgid "References"
msgstr "Références"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:31
msgid "Dangling References"
msgstr "Références invalides"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:32
msgid "Slices"
msgstr "Tranches"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:33
msgid "String vs str"
msgstr "String vs str"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:34
msgid "Functions"
msgstr "Fonctions"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:35
msgid "Rustdoc"
msgstr "Rustdoc"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:36 src/SUMMARY.md:83
msgid "Methods"
msgstr "Méthodes"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:37
msgid "Overloading"
msgstr "Surcharge"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:38 src/SUMMARY.md:67 src/SUMMARY.md:91 src/SUMMARY.md:120 src/SUMMARY.md:149 src/SUMMARY.md:177 src/SUMMARY.md:200 src/SUMMARY.md:227
#: src/SUMMARY.md:253 src/SUMMARY.md:279
msgid "Exercises"
msgstr "Exercices"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:39
msgid "Implicit Conversions"
msgstr "Conversions implicites"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:40
msgid "Arrays and for Loops"
msgstr "Listes et boucles for"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:42
msgid "Day 1: Afternoon"
msgstr "Jour 1 : Après-midi"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:44
msgid "Variables"
msgstr "Variables"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:45
msgid "Type Inference"
msgstr "Inférence de type"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:46
msgid "static & const"
msgstr "static & const"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:47
msgid "Scopes and Shadowing"
msgstr "Portée et masquage"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:48
msgid "Memory Management"
msgstr "Gestion de la mémoire"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:49
msgid "Stack vs Heap"
msgstr "Pile et Tas"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:50
msgid "Stack Memory"
msgstr "Mémoire de pile"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:51
msgid "Manual Memory Management"
msgstr "Gestion manuelle de la mémoire"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:52
msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management"
msgstr "Gestion de la mémoire basée sur la portée"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:53
msgid "Garbage Collection"
msgstr "Collecte des ordures"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:54
msgid "Rust Memory Management"
msgstr "Gestion de la mémoire avec Rust"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:55
msgid "Comparison"
msgstr "Comparaison"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:56
msgid "Ownership"
msgstr "Propriété"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:57
msgid "Move Semantics"
msgstr "Sémantique de movement"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:58
msgid "Moved Strings in Rust"
msgstr "String déplacées avec Rust"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:59
msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++"
msgstr "Double libération de mémoire en C++ moderne"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:60
msgid "Moves in Function Calls"
msgstr "Déplacements dans les appels de fonction"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:61
msgid "Copying and Cloning"
msgstr "Copie et clonage"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:62
msgid "Borrowing"
msgstr "Emprunt"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:63
msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows"
msgstr "Emprunts partagés et uniques"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:64
msgid "Lifetimes"
msgstr "Durées de vie"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:65
msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls"
msgstr "Durées de vie dans les appels de fonction"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:66
msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures"
msgstr "Durées de vie dans les structures de données"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:68
msgid "Designing a Library"
msgstr "Conception d'une bibliothèque"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:69
msgid "Iterators and Ownership"
msgstr "Itérateurs et propriété"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:72
msgid "Day 2: Morning"
msgstr "Jour 2 : Matin"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:77
msgid "Structs"
msgstr "Structures"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:78
msgid "Tuple Structs"
msgstr "Structures de tuple"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:79
msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax"
msgstr "Syntaxe abrégée des champs"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:80
msgid "Enums"
msgstr "Énumérations"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:81
msgid "Variant Payloads"
msgstr "Contenu variable"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:82
msgid "Enum Sizes"
msgstr "Tailles d'énumération"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:84
msgid "Method Receiver"
msgstr "Récepteur de méthode"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:85 src/SUMMARY.md:160 src/SUMMARY.md:195
msgid "Example"
msgstr "Exemple"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:86
msgid "Pattern Matching"
msgstr "Correspondance de motifs"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:87
msgid "Destructuring Enums"
msgstr "Déstructuration des énumérations"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:88
msgid "Destructuring Structs"
msgstr "Déstructuration des structures"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:89
msgid "Destructuring Arrays"
msgstr "Déstructuration des listes"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:90
msgid "Match Guards"
msgstr "Gardes de match"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:92
msgid "Health Statistics"
msgstr "Statistiques de santé"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:93
msgid "Points and Polygons"
msgstr "Points et polygones"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:95
msgid "Day 2: Afternoon"
msgstr "Jour 2 : Après-midi"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:97
msgid "Control Flow"
msgstr "Flux de contrôle"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:98
msgid "Blocks"
msgstr "Blocs"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:99
msgid "if expressions"
msgstr "expressions `if`"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:100
msgid "if let expressions"
msgstr "expressions `if let`"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:101
msgid "while expressions"
msgstr "while  expressions"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:102
msgid "while let expressions"
msgstr "expressions `while let`"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:103
msgid "for expressions"
msgstr "expressions `for`"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:104
msgid "loop expressions"
msgstr "expressions `loop`"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:105
msgid "match expressions"
msgstr "expressions `match`"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:106
msgid "break & continue"
msgstr "break & continue"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:107
msgid "Standard Library"
msgstr "Bibliothèque standard"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:108
msgid "Option and Result"
msgstr "Option et Result"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:109
msgid "String"
msgstr "String"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:110
msgid "Vec"
msgstr "Vec"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:111
msgid "HashMap"
msgstr "HashMap"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:112
msgid "Box"
msgstr "Box"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:113
msgid "Recursive Data Types"
msgstr "Types de données récursifs"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:114
msgid "Niche Optimization"
msgstr "Optimisation de niche"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:115
msgid "Rc"
msgstr "Rc"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:116
msgid "Modules"
msgstr "Modules"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:117
msgid "Visibility"
msgstr "Visibilité"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:118
msgid "Paths"
msgstr "Chemins"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:119
msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy"
msgstr "Hiérarchie du système de fichiers"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:121
msgid "Luhn Algorithm"
msgstr "Algorithme de Luhn"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:122
msgid "Strings and Iterators"
msgstr "Strings et Iterators"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:125
msgid "Day 3: Morning"
msgstr "Jour 3 : Matin"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:130
msgid "Generics"
msgstr "Génériques"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:131
msgid "Generic Data Types"
msgstr "Types de données génériques"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:132
msgid "Generic Methods"
msgstr "Méthodes génériques"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:133
msgid "Monomorphization"
msgstr "Monomorphisation"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:134
msgid "Traits"
msgstr "Caractéristiques"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:135
msgid "Trait Objects"
msgstr "Objets implementant des caractéristiques"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:136
msgid "Deriving Traits"
msgstr "Caractéristiques dérivées"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:137
msgid "Default Methods"
msgstr "Méthodes par défaut"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:138
msgid "Trait Bounds"
msgstr "Exigences de caractéristique"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:139
msgid "impl Trait"
msgstr "impl caractéristique"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:140
msgid "Important Traits"
msgstr "Caractéristiques importantes"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:141
msgid "Iterator"
msgstr "Iterator"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:142
msgid "FromIterator"
msgstr "FromIterator"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:143
msgid "From and Into"
msgstr "From et Into"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:144
msgid "Read and Write"
msgstr "Read et Write"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:145
msgid "Drop"
msgstr "Drop"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:146
msgid "Default"
msgstr "Default"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:147
msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..."
msgstr "Opérateurs : Add, Mul, ..."

#: src/SUMMARY.md:148
msgid "Closures"
msgstr "Fermetures"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:150
msgid "A Simple GUI Library"
msgstr "Une bibliothèque d'interface graphique"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:152
msgid "Day 3: Afternoon"
msgstr "Jour 3 : Après-midi"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:154
msgid "Error Handling"
msgstr "Gestion des erreurs"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:155
msgid "Panics"
msgstr "Paniques"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:156
msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding"
msgstr "Suspension de la pile"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:157
msgid "Structured Error Handling"
msgstr "Gestion structurée des erreurs"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:158
msgid "Propagating Errors with ?"
msgstr "Propagation des erreurs avec ?"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:159
msgid "Converting Error Types"
msgstr "Conversion des types d'erreur"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:161
msgid "Deriving Error Enums"
msgstr "Dérivation des énumérations d'erreur"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:162
msgid "Dynamic Error Types"
msgstr "Types d'erreurs dynamiques"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:163
msgid "Adding Context to Errors"
msgstr "Ajout de contexte aux erreurs"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:164
msgid "Testing"
msgstr "Tester"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:165
msgid "Unit Tests"
msgstr "Tests unitaires"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:166
msgid "Test Modules"
msgstr "Modules de test"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:167
msgid "Documentation Tests"
msgstr "Test de documentation"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:168
msgid "Integration Tests"
msgstr "Test d'intégration"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:169
msgid "Unsafe Rust"
msgstr "Rust risqué"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:170
msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers"
msgstr "Déréférencement des pointeurs bruts"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:171
msgid "Mutable Static Variables"
msgstr "Variables statiques mutables"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:172
msgid "Unions"
msgstr "Unions"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:173
msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions"
msgstr "Appel de fonctions risquées"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:174
msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions"
msgstr "Ecrire des fonctions risquées"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:175
msgid "Extern Functions"
msgstr "Fonctions externes"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:176
msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits"
msgstr "Implémentation de traits risqués"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:178
msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper"
msgstr "Enveloppe FFI sûre"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:181
msgid "Day 4: Morning"
msgstr "Jour 4 : Matin"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:186
msgid "Concurrency"
msgstr "Concurrence"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:187
msgid "Threads"
msgstr "Threads"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:188
msgid "Scoped Threads"
msgstr "Threads délimités"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:189
msgid "Channels"
msgstr "Canaux"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:190
msgid "Unbounded Channels"
msgstr "Canaux illimités"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:191
msgid "Bounded Channels"
msgstr "Canaux limités"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:192
msgid "Shared State"
msgstr "État partagé"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:193
msgid "Arc"
msgstr "Arc"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:194
msgid "Mutex"
msgstr "Mutex"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:196
msgid "Send and Sync"
msgstr "Send et Sync"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:196
msgid "Send"
msgstr "Send"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:196
msgid "Sync"
msgstr "Sync"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:199
msgid "Examples"
msgstr "Exemples"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:201
msgid "Dining Philosophers"
msgstr "Dîner des philosophes"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:202
msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker"
msgstr "Vérificateur de liens à plusieurs threads"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:204
msgid "Day 4: Afternoon (Android)"
msgstr "Jour 4 : Après-midi (Android)"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:204 src/SUMMARY.md:277
msgid "Android"
msgstr "Android"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:209
msgid "Setup"
msgstr "Installation"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:210
msgid "Build Rules"
msgstr "Règles de construction"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:211
msgid "Binary"
msgstr "Binaire"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:212
msgid "Library"
msgstr "Bibliothèque"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:213
msgid "AIDL"
msgstr "AIDL"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:214
msgid "Interface"
msgstr "Interface"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:215
msgid "Implementation"
msgstr "Mise en œuvre"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:216
msgid "Server"
msgstr "Serveur"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:217
msgid "Deploy"
msgstr "Déployer"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:218
msgid "Client"
msgstr "Client"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:219
msgid "Changing API"
msgstr "Modification de l'API"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:220 src/SUMMARY.md:268
msgid "Logging"
msgstr "Journalisation"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:221
msgid "Interoperability"
msgstr "Interopérabilité"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:222
msgid "With C"
msgstr "Avec C"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:223
msgid "Calling C with Bindgen"
msgstr "Appeler C avec Bindgen"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:224
msgid "Calling Rust from C"
msgstr "Appeler Rust depuis C"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:225
msgid "With C++"
msgstr "Avec C++"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:226
msgid "With Java"
msgstr "Avec Java"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:229
msgid "Final Words"
msgstr "Derniers mots"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:231
msgid "Thanks!"
msgstr "Merci!"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:232
msgid "Other Resources"
msgstr "Autres ressources"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:233
msgid "Credits"
msgstr "Crédits"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:237
msgid "Bare Metal Rust: Morning"
msgstr "Bare Metal Rust : Matin"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:240
msgid "no_std"
msgstr "no_std"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:241
msgid "A Minimal Example"
msgstr "Un exemple minimal"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:242
msgid "alloc"
msgstr "alloc"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:243
msgid "Microcontrollers"
msgstr "Microcontrôleurs"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:244
msgid "Raw MMIO"
msgstr "MMIO brut"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:245
msgid "PACs"
msgstr "PACs"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:246
msgid "HAL Crates"
msgstr "HAL Crates"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:247
msgid "Board Support Crates"
msgstr "Board Support Crates"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:248
msgid "The Type State Pattern"
msgstr "Le modèle d'état de type"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:249
msgid "embedded-hal"
msgstr "embedded-hal"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:250
msgid "probe-rs, cargo-embed"
msgstr "probe-rs, cargo-embed"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:251
msgid "Debugging"
msgstr "Débogage"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:252 src/SUMMARY.md:270
msgid "Other Projects"
msgstr "Autres projets"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:254
msgid "Compass"
msgstr "Boussole"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:256
msgid "Bare Metal Rust: Afternoon"
msgstr "Bare Metal Rust : Après-midi"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:258
msgid "Application Processors"
msgstr "Processeurs d'applications"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:259
msgid "Inline Assembly"
msgstr "Assembleur en ligne"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:260
msgid "MMIO"
msgstr "MMIO"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:261
msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver"
msgstr "Écrivons un pilote UART"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:262
msgid "More Traits"
msgstr "Plus de traits"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:263
msgid "A Better UART Driver"
msgstr "Un meilleur pilote UART"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:264
msgid "Bitflags"
msgstr "Bitflags"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:265
msgid "Multiple Registers"
msgstr "Registres multiples"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:266
msgid "Driver"
msgstr "Pilote"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:267 src/SUMMARY.md:269
msgid "Using It"
msgstr "En l'utilisant"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:271
msgid "Useful Crates"
msgstr "Crates utiles"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:272
msgid "zerocopy"
msgstr "zerocopy"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:273
msgid "aarch64-paging"
msgstr "aarch64-paging"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:274
msgid "buddy_system_allocator"
msgstr "buddy_system_allocator"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:275
msgid "tinyvec"
msgstr "tinyvec"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:276
msgid "spin"
msgstr "spin"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:278
msgid "vmbase"
msgstr "vmbase"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:280
msgid "RTC Driver"
msgstr "Pilote RTC"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:284
msgid "Solutions"
msgstr "Solutions"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:289
msgid "Day 1 Morning"
msgstr "Jour 1 Matin"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:290
msgid "Day 1 Afternoon"
msgstr "Jour 1 Après-midi"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:291
msgid "Day 2 Morning"
msgstr "Jour 2 Matin"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:292
msgid "Day 2 Afternoon"
msgstr "Jour 2 Après-midi"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:293
msgid "Day 3 Morning"
msgstr "Jour 3 Matin"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:294
msgid "Day 3 Afternoon"
msgstr "Jour 3 Après-midi"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:295
msgid "Day 4 Morning"
msgstr "Jour 4 Matin"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:296
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning"
msgstr "Bare Metal Rust Matin"

#: src/SUMMARY.md:297
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon"
msgstr "Bare Metal Rust Après-midi"

#: src/welcome.md:1
msgid "# Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
msgstr "# Bienvenue à Comprehensive Rust(le guide complet de Rust) 🦀"

#: src/welcome.md:3
msgid ""
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/"
"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml)"
msgstr ""
"[![Flux de construction](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://"
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml)"

#: src/welcome.md:3
msgid "Build workflow"
msgstr "Flux de construction"

#: src/welcome.md:3
msgid ""
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/"
"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml)\n"
"[![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors)"
msgstr ""
"[![Flux de construction](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://"
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml)\n"
"[![Contributeurs GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors)"

#: src/welcome.md:4
msgid "GitHub contributors"
msgstr "Contributeurs GitHub"

#: src/welcome.md:4
msgid ""
"[![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors)\n"
"[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
"stargazers)"
msgstr ""
"[![Contributeurs GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors)\n"
"[![GitHub étoiles](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
"stargazers )"

#: src/welcome.md:5
msgid "GitHub stars"
msgstr "Étoiles GitHub"

#: src/welcome.md:5
msgid ""
"[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
"stargazers)"
msgstr ""
"[![GitHub étoiles](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
"stargazers)"

#: src/welcome.md:7
msgid ""
"This is a four day Rust course developed by the Android team. The course covers\n"
"the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced topics like generics\n"
"and error handling. It also includes Android-specific content on the last day."
msgstr ""
"Il s'agit d'un cours Rust de quatre jours développé par l'équipe Android. Le cours couvre\n"
"le spectre complet de Rust, de la syntaxe de base aux sujets avancés comme les génériques\n"
"et la gestion des erreurs. Il inclut également du contenu spécifique à Android le dernier jour."

#: src/welcome.md:11
msgid ""
"The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know anything\n"
"about Rust and hope to:"
msgstr ""
"Le but du cours est de vous apprendre Rust. Nous supposons que vous ne savez rien\n"
"à propos de Rust et espérons :"

#: src/welcome.md:14
msgid ""
"* Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language.\n"
"* Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust.\n"
"* Show you common Rust idioms."
msgstr ""
"* Vous donner une compréhension complète de la syntaxe et du langage Rust.\n"
"* Vous permettre de modifier des programmes existants et d'écrire de nouveaux programmes dans Rust.\n"
"* Vous montrer les idiomes courants à Rust."

#: src/welcome.md:18
msgid "On Day 4, we will cover Android-specific things such as:"
msgstr "Le 4ème jour, nous couvrirons des éléments spécifiques à Android tels que :"

#: src/welcome.md:20
msgid ""
"* Building Android components in Rust.\n"
"* AIDL servers and clients.\n"
"* Interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
msgstr ""
"* Construire des composants Android avec Rust.\n"
"* Serveurs et clients AIDL.\n"
"* Interopérabilité avec C, C++ et Java."

#: src/welcome.md:24
msgid ""
"It is important to note that this course does not cover Android **application** \n"
"development in Rust, and that the Android-specific parts are specifically about\n"
"writing code for Android itself, the operating system. "
msgstr ""
"Il est important de noter que ce cours ne couvre pas un développement d' **application** Android\n"
"avec Rust, et que les parties spécifiques à Android concernent spécifiquement\n"
"l'écriture du code pour le système d'exploitation Android lui même, le système d'exploitation. "

#: src/welcome.md:28
msgid "## Non-Goals"
msgstr "## Non-objectifs"

#: src/welcome.md:30
msgid ""
"Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few days.\n"
"Some non-goals of this course are:"
msgstr ""
"Rust est un grand langage et nous ne pourrons pas tout couvrir en quelques jours.\n"
"Certains non-objectifs de ce cours sont :"

#: src/welcome.md:33
msgid ""
"* Learn how to use async Rust --- we'll only mention async Rust when\n"
"  covering traditional concurrency primitives. Please see [Asynchronous\n"
"  Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) instead for\n"
"  details on this topic.\n"
"* Learn how to develop macros, please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust\n"
"  Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by\n"
"  Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead."
msgstr ""
"* Apprenez à utiliser Rust asynchrone --- nous ne mentionnerons Rust asynchrone que lorsque\n"
"  couvrant les primitives de concurrence traditionnelles. Veuillez consulter [Programmation\n"
"  Asynchrone en Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) à la place de\n"
"  détails sur ce sujet.\n"
"* Apprenez à développer des macros, veuillez consulter [Chapitre 19.5 dans le Livre\n"
"  Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) et [Rust par\n"
"  Exemple](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) à la place."

#: src/welcome.md:41
msgid "## Assumptions"
msgstr "## Hypothèses"

#: src/welcome.md:43
msgid ""
"The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a statically\n"
"typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and C++ to better\n"
"explain or contrast the Rust approach."
msgstr ""
"Le cours suppose que vous savez déjà programmer. Rust est un language\n"
"statiquement typé et on fera parfois des comparaisons avec C et C++ pour mieux\n"
"expliquer ou contraster l'approche de Rust."

#: src/welcome.md:47
msgid ""
"If you know how to program in a dynamically typed language such as Python or\n"
"JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too."
msgstr ""
"Si vous savez programmer dans un langage à typage dynamique tel que Python ou\n"
"JavaScript, alors vous pourrez également très bien suivre."

#: src/welcome.md:50 src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:19 src/cargo/code-samples.md:22 src/cargo/running-locally.md:68 src/welcome-day-1.md:14
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:19 src/hello-world.md:20 src/hello-world/small-example.md:21 src/why-rust.md:9 src/why-rust/compile-time.md:14
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:8 src/why-rust/modern.md:19 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:28 src/basic-syntax/slices.md:18
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:25 src/basic-syntax/functions.md:33 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:22 src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:25
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:9 src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:90 src/basic-syntax/variables.md:15 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:24
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:46 src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:23 src/memory-management/stack.md:26 src/memory-management/rust.md:12
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:20 src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:18 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:33 src/ownership/borrowing.md:25
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:23 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:27 src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:23
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:9 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:102 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:35 src/structs/field-shorthand.md:25
#: src/enums.md:31 src/enums/variant-payloads.md:33 src/enums/sizes.md:27 src/methods.md:28 src/methods/receiver.md:23 src/methods/example.md:44
#: src/pattern-matching.md:23 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:33 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:21
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:19 src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:20 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:9
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:115 src/control-flow/blocks.md:40 src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:29
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:19 src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:25 src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:22
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:23 src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:25 src/std.md:23 src/std/option-result.md:16 src/std/string.md:28
#: src/std/vec.md:35 src/std/hashmap.md:36 src/std/box.md:32 src/std/box-recursive.md:31 src/std/rc.md:29 src/modules.md:26
#: src/modules/visibility.md:37 src/modules/filesystem.md:38 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:5 src/generics/data-types.md:19
#: src/generics/methods.md:23 src/traits/trait-objects.md:70 src/traits/default-methods.md:30 src/traits/trait-bounds.md:33 src/traits/impl-trait.md:21
#: src/traits/iterator.md:30 src/traits/from-iterator.md:15 src/traits/from-into.md:27 src/traits/drop.md:32 src/traits/default.md:38
#: src/traits/operators.md:24 src/traits/closures.md:23 src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:5 src/error-handling/result.md:25
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:48 src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:48 src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:37
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:34 src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:33 src/unsafe.md:26 src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:24
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:30 src/unsafe/unions.md:19 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:31 src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:19
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:28 src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:5 src/welcome-day-4.md:6 src/concurrency/threads.md:28
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:35 src/concurrency/channels.md:25 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:27 src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:29
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:21 src/concurrency/send-sync.md:18 src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:12 src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:10
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:81 src/exercises/day-4/android.md:10 src/bare-metal/minimal.md:15 src/bare-metal/alloc.md:36
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:23 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:62 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:47
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:37 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:26 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:30
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:17 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:14 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:25
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:16 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:5 src/bare-metal/aps.md:7
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:41 src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:7 src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:53 src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:22
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:24 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:35 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:39
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:62 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:47 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:48
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:43 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:43 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:26
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:24 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:21 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:21
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:19 src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:5
msgid "<details>"
msgstr "<details>"

#: src/welcome.md:52
msgid ""
"This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional\n"
"information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor should\n"
"cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class."
msgstr ""
"Ceci est un exemple de _note du conférencier_. Nous les utiliserons pour ajouter d'autres\n"
"informations sur les diapositives. Cela pourrait être des points clés que l'instructeur devrait\n"
"couvrir, ainsi que des réponses aux questions typiques posées en classe."

#: src/welcome.md:56 src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:67 src/cargo/code-samples.md:35 src/cargo/running-locally.md:74 src/welcome-day-1.md:42
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:29 src/hello-world.md:40 src/hello-world/small-example.md:44 src/why-rust.md:24 src/why-rust/compile-time.md:35
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:22 src/why-rust/modern.md:66 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:62 src/basic-syntax/references.md:28
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:36 src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:44 src/basic-syntax/functions.md:54 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:33
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:28 src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:95 src/basic-syntax/variables.md:20 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:48
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:52 src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:39 src/memory-management/stack.md:49 src/memory-management/rust.md:18
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:26 src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:26 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:51 src/ownership/borrowing.md:51
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:29 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:60 src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:30
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:15 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:106 src/structs.md:41 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:43
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:72 src/enums.md:41 src/enums/variant-payloads.md:45 src/enums/sizes.md:155 src/methods.md:41
#: src/methods/receiver.md:29 src/methods/example.md:53 src/pattern-matching.md:35 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:39
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:25 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:46 src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:28
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:15 src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:125 src/control-flow/blocks.md:46 src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:33
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:39 src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:30 src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:29
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:27 src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:32 src/std.md:31 src/std/option-result.md:25 src/std/string.md:40
#: src/std/vec.md:49 src/std/hashmap.md:66 src/std/box.md:39 src/std/box-recursive.md:41 src/std/rc.md:69 src/modules.md:32
#: src/modules/visibility.md:48 src/modules/filesystem.md:67 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:11 src/generics/data-types.md:25
#: src/generics/methods.md:31 src/traits/trait-objects.md:83 src/traits/default-methods.md:41 src/traits/trait-bounds.md:50 src/traits/impl-trait.md:44
#: src/traits/iterator.md:42 src/traits/from-iterator.md:26 src/traits/from-into.md:33 src/traits/drop.md:42 src/traits/default.md:47
#: src/traits/operators.md:38 src/traits/closures.md:38 src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:11 src/error-handling/result.md:33
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:55 src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:60 src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:45
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:41 src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:42 src/unsafe.md:32 src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:42
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:35 src/unsafe/unions.md:28 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:38 src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:28
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:37 src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:11 src/welcome-day-4.md:11 src/concurrency/threads.md:45
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:40 src/concurrency/channels.md:32 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:38 src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:45
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:56 src/concurrency/send-sync.md:23 src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:18 src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:16
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:86 src/exercises/day-4/android.md:15 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:65 src/bare-metal/minimal.md:26
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:48 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:29 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:72
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:65 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:49 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:40
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:43 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:23 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:29
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:38 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:26 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:11
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:15 src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:58 src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:17 src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:27
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:28 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:40 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:46
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:67 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:53 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:52
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:48 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:53 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:33
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:30 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:26 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:30
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:25 src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:11
msgid "</details>"
msgstr "</details>"

#: src/running-the-course.md:1
msgid "# Running the Course"
msgstr "# Exécution du parcours"

#: src/running-the-course.md:3 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:3 src/running-the-course/day-4.md:3
msgid "> This page is for the course instructor."
msgstr "> Cette page est destinée au formateur."

#: src/running-the-course.md:5
msgid ""
"Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the course\n"
"internally at Google."
msgstr ""
"Voici quelques informations générales sur la façon dont nous avons organisé le cours\n"
"en interne chez Google."

#: src/running-the-course.md:8
msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:"
msgstr "Avant de suivre le cours, vous voudriez :"

#: src/running-the-course.md:10
msgid ""
"1. Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker notes\n"
"   to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more speaker\n"
"   notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker notes in a\n"
"   popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker Notes\"). This way\n"
"   you have a clean screen to present to the class.\n"
"\n"
"1. Select your topic for the afternoon of the fourth day. This may be based on\n"
"   the audience you expect, or on your own expertise.\n"
"\n"
"1. Decide on the dates. Since the course is large, we recommend that you\n"
"   schedule the four days over two weeks. Course participants have said that\n"
"   they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them process\n"
"   all the information we give them.\n"
"\n"
"1. Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a\n"
"   class size of 15-20 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable\n"
"   asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have\n"
"   time to answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself and for the\n"
"   students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your laptops.\n"
"   In particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an instructor, so a lectern won't\n"
"   be very helpful for you.\n"
"\n"
"1. On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things\n"
"   up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your\n"
"   laptop (see the [installation instructions][3]). This ensures optimal performance with no lag as you change pages.\n"
"   Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as you or the course\n"
"   participants spot them.\n"
"\n"
"1. Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. Make sure to\n"
"   ask people if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When\n"
"   you see that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class\n"
"   and offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant\n"
"   information in the standard library.\n"
"\n"
"1. Prepare anything you need to have available for the afternoon of day 4."
msgstr ""
"1. Familiarisez-vous avec le matériel de cours. Nous avons inclus les notes du conférencier\n"
"   pour aider à mettre en évidence les points clés (veuillez nous aider en contribuant à plus de\n"
"   remarques!). Lors de la présentation, vous devez vous assurer d'ouvrir les notes du présentateur dans un\n"
"   popup (cliquez sur le lien avec une petite flèche à côté de \"Notes du conférencier\"). Ainsi,\n"
"   vous avez un écran propre à présenter à la classe.\n"
"\n"
"1. Sélectionnez votre sujet pour l'après-midi du quatrième jour. Cela peut être basé sur\n"
"   le public que vous attendez, ou sur votre propre expertise.\n"
"\n"
"1. Décidez des dates. Comme le parcours est vaste, nous vous recommandons de\n"
"   répartir les quatre jours sur deux semaines. Les participants au cours ont dit\n"
"   qu'ils trouvent utile d'avoir une pause dans le cours, car cela les aide à traiter\n"
"   toutes les informations que nous leur donnons.\n"
"\n"
"1. Trouvez une salle suffisamment grande pour vos participants en personne. Nous recommandons un\n"
"   classe de 15 à 20 personnes. C'est assez petit pour que les gens soient à l'aise pour\n"
"   poser des questions --- c'est aussi assez petit pour qu'un instructeur ait\n"
"   le temps de répondre aux questions. Assurez-vous que la salle dispose de _bureaux_ pour vous et pour les\n"
"   étudiants : vous devriez tous pouvoir vous asseoir et travailler avec vos ordinateurs portables.\n"
"   En particulier, vous ferez beaucoup de programmation en direct en tant qu'instructeur, donc un pupitre\n"
"   ne sera pas très utile pour vous.\n"
"\n"
"1. Le jour de votre cours, présentez-vous à la salle un peu en avance pour préparer les choses.\n"
"   Nous vous recommandons de présenter directement en utilisant `mdbook serve` exécuté sur votre\n"
"   ordinateur portable (voir les [instructions d'installation][3]). Cela garantit des performances optimales\n"
"   sans décalage lorsque vous changez de page.\n"
"   L'utilisation de votre ordinateur portable vous permettra également de corriger les fautes de frappe lorsque que vous ou\n"
"   les participants les repèrent.\n"
"\n"
"1. Laissez les participants résoudre les exercices seuls ou en petits groupes. Assurez-vous de\n"
"   demandez aux gens s'ils sont coincés ou s'il y a quelque chose où vous pouvez aider. Quand\n"
"   vous voyez que plusieurs personnes ont le même problème, dites-le à la classe\n"
"   et proposez une solution, par exemple en montrant aux gens où trouver les\n"
"   informations dans la bibliothèque standard.\n"
"\n"
"1. Préparez tout ce dont vous avez besoin pour l'après-midi du jour 4."

#: src/running-the-course.md:46
msgid ""
"That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun for\n"
"you as it has been for us!"
msgstr ""
"C'est tout, bonne chance pour suivre le cours ! Nous espérons que ce sera aussi amusant pour\n"
"vous comme il l'a été pour nous !"

#: src/running-the-course.md:49
msgid ""
"Please [provide feedback][1] afterwards so that we can keep improving the\n"
"course. We would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made\n"
"better. Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback][2]!"
msgstr ""
"Veuillez [fournir des commentaires][1] par la suite afin que nous puissions continuer à améliorer le\n"
"cours. Nous aimerions savoir ce qui a bien fonctionné pour vous et ce qui peut être mieux fait.\n"
"Vos élèves sont également les bienvenus pour [envoyer des commentaires][2] !"

#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:1
msgid "# Course Structure"
msgstr "# Structure du cours"

#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:5
msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:"
msgstr "Le cours est rapide et couvre beaucoup de terrain:"

#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:7
msgid ""
"* Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker.\n"
"* Day 2: Compound data types,  pattern matching, the standard library.\n"
"* Day 3: Traits and generics, error handling, testing, unsafe Rust.\n"
"* Day 4: Concurrency in Rust and seeing Rust in action."
msgstr ""
"* Jour 1 : Rust de base, propriété et vérificateur d'emprunt.\n"
"* Jour 2 : Types de données composés, filtrage de motifs, bibliothèque standard.\n"
"* Jour 3 : Caractéristiques et génériques, gestion des erreurs, tests, Rust risqué.\n"
"* Jour 4 : Concurrence avec Rust et voir Rust en action."

#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:12
msgid "## Format"
msgstr "##Format"

#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:14
msgid ""
"The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the\n"
"questions drive the exploration of Rust!"
msgstr ""
"Le cours se veut très interactif et nous recommandons de laisser les\n"
"questions guider l'exploration de Rust !"

#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:1
msgid "# Day 4"
msgstr "# Jour 4"

#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:5
msgid ""
"The afternoon of the fourth day should cover a topic of your choice. Include\n"
"the topic in the announcement of the course, so that participants know what to\n"
"expect."
msgstr ""
"L'après-midi du quatrième jour devrait couvrir un sujet de votre choix. Ajoutez\n"
"le sujet dans l'annonce du cours, afin que les participants sachent à quoi\n"
"s'attendre."

#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:9
msgid ""
"This phase of the course is a chance for participants to see Rust in action on a\n"
"codebase they might be familiar with. You can choose from the topics already\n"
"defined here, or plan your own."
msgstr ""
"Cette phase du cours est une chance pour les participants de voir Rust en action sur une\n"
"base de code qu'ils connaissent peut-être. Vous pouvez déjà choisir parmi les sujets\n"
"définis ici, ou planifiez le vôtre."

#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:13
msgid "Some topics need additional preparation:"
msgstr "Certains sujets nécessitent une préparation supplémentaire :"

#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:15
msgid "## Android"
msgstr "## Android"

#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:17
msgid ""
"If you chose Android for Day 4 afternoon, you will need an [AOSP checkout][1].\n"
"Make a checkout of the [course repository][2] on the same machine and move the\n"
"`src/android/` directory into the root of your AOSP checkout. This will ensure\n"
"that the Android build system sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`."
msgstr ""
"Si vous avez choisi Android pour l'après-midi du jour 4, vous aurez besoin d'un [AOSP checkout][1].\n"
"Effectuez un checkout du [répertoire du cours][2] sur la même machine et déplacez le dossier\n"
"`src/android/` à la racine de votre checkout AOSP. Cela assurera\n"
"que le système de construction d'Android voit les fichiers `Android.bp` dans `src/android/`."

#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:22
msgid ""
"Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build\n"
"all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to see\n"
"the commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand."
msgstr ""
"Assurez-vous que `adb sync` fonctionne avec votre émulateur ou votre appareil réel et pré-construisez\n"
"tous les exemples Android en utilisant `src/android/build_all.sh`. Lisez le script pour voir\n"
"les commandes éxécutées et assurez-vous qu'elles fonctionnent lorsque vous les exécutez à la main."

#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:1
msgid "# Keyboard Shortcuts"
msgstr "# Raccourcis clavier"

#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:3
msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:"
msgstr "Il existe plusieurs raccourcis clavier utiles dans mdBook :"

#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5
msgid ""
"* <kbd>Arrow-Left</kbd>: Navigate to the previous page.\n"
"* <kbd>Arrow-Right</kbd>: Navigate to the next page.\n"
"* <kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd>: Execute the code sample that has focus.\n"
"* <kbd>s</kbd>: Activate the search bar."
msgstr ""
"* <kbd>Flèche vers la gauche</kbd> : Navigue à la page précédente.\n"
"* <kbd>Flèche vers la droite</kbd> : Navigue à la page suivante.\n"
"* <kbd>Ctrl + Entrée</kbd> : Exécute l'exemple de code qui a le focus.\n"
"* <kbd>s</kbd> : Active la barre de recherche."

#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:1
msgid "# Translations"
msgstr "# Traductions"

#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:3
msgid ""
"The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful\n"
"volunteers:"
msgstr ""
"Le cours a été traduit dans d'autres langues par un ensemble de merveilleux\n"
"bénévoles:"

#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:6
msgid ""
"* [Brazilian Portuguese][pt-BR] by [@rastringer] and [@hugojacob].\n"
"* [Korean][ko] by [@keispace], [@jiyongp] and [@jooyunghan]."
msgstr ""
"* [portugais brésilien][pt-BR] par [@rastringer] et [@hugojacob].\n"
"* [coréen][ko] par [@keispace], [@jiyongp] et [@jooyunghan]."

#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:9
msgid "Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages."
msgstr "Utilisez le sélecteur de langue dans le coin supérieur droit pour basculer entre les langues."

#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:11
msgid ""
"If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions] for how to\n"
"get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker]."
msgstr ""
"Si vous souhaitez contribuer à cet effort, veuillez consulter [nos instructions] pour savoir comment\n"
"se lancer. Les traductions sont coordonnées sur le [traqueur de problèmes]."

#: src/cargo.md:1
msgid "# Using Cargo"
msgstr "# Utiliser Cargo"

#: src/cargo.md:3
msgid ""
"When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool\n"
"used in the Rust ecosystem to build and run Rust applications. Here we want to\n"
"give a brief overview of what Cargo is and how it fits into the wider ecosystem\n"
"and how it fits into this training."
msgstr ""
"Lorsque vous commencerez à lire sur Rust, vous rencontrerez bientôt [Cargo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/), l'outil standard\n"
"utilisé dans l'écosystème Rust pour créer et exécuter des applications Rust. Ici, nous voulons\n"
"donner un bref aperçu de ce qu'est Cargo et comment il s'intègre dans le large écosystème\n"
"et comment cela s'inscrit dans cette formation."

#: src/cargo.md:8
msgid "## Installation"
msgstr "## Installation"

#: src/cargo.md:10
msgid "### Rustup (Recommended)"
msgstr "### Rustup (recommandé)"

#: src/cargo.md:12
msgid ""
"You can follow the instructions to install cargo and rust compiler, among other standard ecosystem tools with the [rustup][3] tool, which is "
"maintained by the Rust Foundation."
msgstr ""
"Vous pouvez suivre les instructions pour installer Cargo et le compilateur Rust, parmi d'autres outils de l'écosystème standard avec l'outil [rustup]"
"[3], qui est maintenu par la Foundation Rust."

#: src/cargo.md:14
msgid ""
"Along with cargo and rustc, Rustup will install itself as a command line utility that you can use to install/switch toolchains, setup cross "
"compilation, etc."
msgstr ""
"Avec cargo et rustc, Rustup s'installera en tant qu'utilitaire de ligne de commande que vous pourrez utiliser pour installer/changer de chaînes "
"d'outils, configurer une compilation croisée, etc."

#: src/cargo.md:16
msgid "### Package Managers"
msgstr "### Gestionnaires de packages"

#: src/cargo.md:18
msgid "#### Debian"
msgstr "#### Debian"

#: src/cargo.md:20
msgid "On Debian/Ubuntu, you can install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust formatter][6] with"
msgstr "Sur Debian/Ubuntu, vous pouvez installer Cargo, la source Rust et le [formateur Rust][6] avec"

#: src/cargo.md:22
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/cargo.md:26
msgid ""
"This will allow [rust-analyzer][1] to jump to the definitions. We suggest using\n"
"[VS Code][2] to edit the code (but any LSP compatible editor works)."
msgstr ""
"Cela permettra à [rust-analyzer][1] de passer directement aux définitions. Nous suggérons d'utiliser\n"
"[VS Code][2] pour modifier le code (mais tout éditeur LSP compatible fonctionne)."

#: src/cargo.md:29
msgid ""
"Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains][4] family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can "
"install the [Rust Plugin][5]. Please take note that as of January 2023 debugging only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite."
msgstr ""
"Certaines personnes aiment également utiliser la famille d'IDE [JetBrains] [4], qui effectuent leur propre analyse mais ont leurs propres compromis. "
"Si vous les préférez, vous pouvez installer le [Plugin Rust][5]. Veuillez noter qu'à partir de janvier 2023, le débogage ne fonctionne que sur la "
"version CLion de la suite JetBrains IDEA."

#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1
msgid "# The Rust Ecosystem"
msgstr "# L'écosystème de Rust"

#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3
msgid "The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:"
msgstr "L'écosystème de Rust est composé d'un certain nombre d'outils, dont les principaux sont :"

#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5
msgid ""
"* `rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other\n"
"  intermediate formats.\n"
"\n"
"* `cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to\n"
"  download dependencies hosted on <https://crates.io> and it will pass them to\n"
"  `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a built-in test\n"
"  runner which is used to execute unit tests.\n"
"\n"
"* `rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to\n"
"  install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust is released.\n"
"  In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the standard\n"
"  library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once and `rustup`\n"
"  will let you switch between them as needed."
msgstr ""
"* `rustc` : le compilateur Rust qui transforme les fichiers `.rs` en binaires et autres\n"
"  formats intermédiaires.\n"
"\n"
"* `cargo` : le gestionnaire de dépendances Rust et l'outil de construction. Cargo sait comment\n"
"  télécharger les dépendances hébergées sur <https://crates.io> et il les transmettra à\n"
"  `rustc` lors de la construction de votre projet. Cargo est également livré avec un exécuteur de test\n"
"  qui est utilisé pour exécuter des tests unitaires.\n"
"\n"
"* `rustup` : le programme d'installation et de mise à jour de la chaîne d'outils Rust. Cet outil sert à\n"
"  installer et mettez à jour `rustc` et `cargo` lorsque de nouvelles versions de Rust sont publiées.\n"
"  De plus, `rustup` peut également télécharger la documentation de la \n"
"  bibliothèque standard. Vous pouvez avoir plusieurs versions de Rust installées à la fois et `rustup`\n"
"  vous permettra de basculer entre elles au besoin."

#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25 src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 src/why-rust/runtime.md:10 src/why-rust/modern.md:21
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:30 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:35 src/error-handling/try-operator.md:50
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:50 src/concurrency/threads.md:30
msgid "Key points:"
msgstr "Points clés:"

#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:23
msgid ""
"* Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out\n"
"  every six weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with\n"
"  old releases --- plus they enable new functionality.\n"
"\n"
"* There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\".\n"
"\n"
"* New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes\n"
"  \"stable\" every six weeks.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust also has [editions]: the current edition is Rust 2021. Previous\n"
"  editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018.\n"
"\n"
"  * The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to\n"
"    the language.\n"
"\n"
"  * To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the\n"
"    edition for your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file.\n"
"\n"
"  * To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code\n"
"    written for different editions.\n"
"\n"
"  * Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through `cargo` (most users never do).\n"
"\n"
"  * It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and comprehensive tool.  It is capable of many advanced features including "
"but not limited to: \n"
"      * Project/package structure\n"
"      * [workspaces]\n"
"      * Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching\n"
"      * [build scripting]\n"
"      * [global installation]\n"
"      * It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo clippy]).\n"
"  * Read more from the [official Cargo Book]"
msgstr ""
"* Rust a un calendrier de publication rapide avec une nouvelle version qui sort\n"
"  toutes les six semaines. Les nouvelles versions maintiennent la rétrocompatibilité avec les\n"
"  anciennes versions --- en plus, elles activent de nouvelles fonctionnalités.\n"
"\n"
"* Il existe trois canaux de sortie : \"stable\", \"beta\" et \"nightly\".\n"
"\n"
"* De nouvelles fonctionnalités sont testées sur \"nightly\", \"beta\" est ce qui devient\n"
"  \"stable\" toutes les six semaines.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust a également des [éditions] : l'édition actuelle est Rust 2021.\n"
"  Les éditions passées étaient Rust 2015 et Rust 2018.\n"
"\n"
"  * Les éditions sont autorisées à apporter des modifications rétrocompatibles à\n"
"    la langue.\n"
"\n"
"  * Pour éviter de casser le code, les éditions sont opt-in : vous sélectionnez\n"
"    l'édition pour votre crate via le fichier `Cargo.toml`.\n"
"\n"
"  * Pour éviter de diviser l'écosystème, les compilateurs Rust peuvent mélanger le code\n"
"    écrit pour différentes éditions.\n"
"\n"
"  * Veuillez noter qu'il est assez rare d'utiliser le compilateur directement et non via `cargo` (la plupart des utilisateurs ne le font jamais).\n"
"\n"
"  * Il peut être utile de mentionner que Cargo lui-même est un outil extrêmement puissant et complet. Il est capable de nombreuses fonctionnalités "
"avancées, y compris, mais sans s'y limiter :\n"
"      * Structure du projet/paquets\n"
"      * [espaces de travail]\n"
"      * Gestion/mise en cache des dépendances de développement et des dépendances d'exécution\n"
"      * [créer des scripts]\n"
"      * [installation globale]\n"
"      * Il est également extensible avec des plugins de sous-commande (tels que [cargo clippy]).\n"
"  * En savoir plus sur le [livre officiel de Cargo]"

#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1
msgid "# Code Samples in This Training"
msgstr "# Échantillons de code dans cette formation"

#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3
msgid ""
"For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through examples\n"
"which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier and\n"
"ensures a consistent experience for everyone."
msgstr ""
"Pour cette formation, nous allons surtout explorer le langage Rust à travers des exemples\n"
"qui peuvent être exécuté via votre navigateur. Cela rend la configuration beaucoup plus facile et\n"
"assure une expérience cohérente pour chacun."

#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7
msgid ""
"Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do the\n"
"exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you how to\n"
"work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo."
msgstr ""
"L'installation de Cargo est tout de même encouragée : elle vous facilitera la tâche\n"
"des exercices. Le dernier jour, nous ferons un exercice plus large qui vous montrera comment\n"
"travailler avec des dépendances et pour cela vous avez besoin de Cargo."

#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11
msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:"
msgstr "Les blocs de code de ce cours sont entièrement interactifs :"

#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:13
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
msgid ""
"You can use <kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd> to execute the code when focus is in the\n"
"text box."
msgstr ""
"Vous pouvez utiliser <kbd>Ctrl + Entrée</kbd> pour exécuter le code lorsque le focus est dans la\n"
"zone de texte."

#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24
msgid ""
"Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples\n"
"are not editable for various reasons:"
msgstr ""
"La plupart des exemples de code sont modifiables comme indiqué ci-dessus. Quelques exemples de code\n"
"ne sont pas modifiables pour diverses raisons :"

#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27
msgid ""
"* The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the\n"
"  code and open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests.\n"
"\n"
"* The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate\n"
"  away from the page! This is the reason that the students should\n"
"  solve the exercises using a local Rust installation or via the\n"
"  Playground."
msgstr ""
"* Les terrains de jeu intégrés ne peuvent pas exécuter de tests unitaires. Copiez-collez le\n"
"  code et ouvrez-le dans le vrai terrain de jeu pour démontrer les tests unitaires.\n"
"\n"
"* Les terrains de jeux intégrées perdent leur état au moment où vous naviguez\n"
"  loin de la page! C'est la raison pour laquelle les élèves doivent\n"
"  résoudre les exercices en utilisant une installation Rust locale ou via le\n"
"  terrain de jeu."

#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1
msgid "# Running Code Locally with Cargo"
msgstr "# Exécuter le code localement avec Cargo"

#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3
msgid ""
"If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will need\n"
"to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the Rust\n"
"Book][1]. This should give you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time of\n"
"writing, the latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:"
msgstr ""
"Si vous souhaitez expérimenter le code sur votre propre système, vous aurez besoin\n"
"pour installer d'abord de Rust. Pour ce faire, suivez les [instructions dans le livre Rust][1].\n"
"Cela devrait vous donner un \"rustc\" et un \"cargo\" fonctionnels. Au moment de\n"
"l'écriture, la dernière version stable de Rust a ces numéros de version:"

#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:8
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"% rustc --version\n"
"rustc 1.61.0 (fe5b13d68 2022-05-18)\n"
"% cargo --version\n"
"cargo 1.61.0 (a028ae4 2022-04-29)\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:15
msgid ""
"With this is in place, then follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one\n"
"of the examples in this training:"
msgstr ""
"Une fois cela en place, suivez ces étapes pour créer un binaire Rust à partir d'un\n"
"des exemples dans cette formation :"

#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:18
msgid ""
"1. Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy.\n"
"\n"
"2. Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:\n"
"\n"
"    ```shell\n"
"    $ cargo new exercise\n"
"         Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
"    ```\n"
"\n"
"3. Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:\n"
"\n"
"    ```shell\n"
"    $ cd exercise\n"
"    $ cargo run\n"
"       Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
"        Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
"         Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
"    Hello, world!\n"
"    ```\n"
"\n"
"4. Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For\n"
"   example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like\n"
"\n"
"    ```rust\n"
"    fn main() {\n"
"        println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
"    }\n"
"    ```\n"
"\n"
"5. Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:\n"
"\n"
"    ```shell\n"
"    $ cargo run\n"
"       Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
"        Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
"         Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
"    Edit me!\n"
"    ```\n"
"\n"
"6. Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo build`\n"
"   to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/debug/`\n"
"   for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an optimized\n"
"   release build in `target/release/`.\n"
"\n"
"7. You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you\n"
"   run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing\n"
"   dependencies for you."
msgstr ""

#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:70
msgid ""
"Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a\n"
"local editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a\n"
"normal development environment."
msgstr ""
"Essayez d'encourager les participants à installer Cargo et à utiliser un\n"
"éditeur local. Cela leur facilitera la vie puisqu'ils auront un\n"
"environnement de développement normal."

#: src/welcome-day-1.md:1
msgid "# Welcome to Day 1"
msgstr "# Bienvenue au jour 1"

#: src/welcome-day-1.md:3
msgid ""
"This is the first day of Comprehensive Rust. We will cover a lot of ground\n"
"today:"
msgstr ""
"C'est le premier jour de Comprehensive Rust(le guide complet de Rust). Nous couvrirons beaucoup de terrain\n"
"aujourd'hui:"

#: src/welcome-day-1.md:6
msgid ""
"* Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs,\n"
"  references, functions, and methods.\n"
"\n"
"* Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based memory\n"
"  management, and garbage collection.\n"
"\n"
"* Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes."
msgstr ""
"* Syntaxe de base de Rust : variables, types scalaires et composés, énumérations, structures,\n"
"  références, fonctions et méthodes.\n"
"\n"
"* Gestion de la mémoire : pile contre tas, gestion manuelle de la mémoire, gestion de la mémoire basée sur la portée\n"
"  et le ramassage des ordures.\n"
"\n"
"* Propriété : sémantique de déplacement, copie et clonage, emprunt et durée de vie."

#: src/welcome-day-1.md:16
msgid "Please remind the students that:"
msgstr "Veuillez rappeler aux élèves que :"

#: src/welcome-day-1.md:18
msgid ""
"* They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end.\n"
"* The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much encouraged!\n"
"  * As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i.e.,\n"
"    keep the related to how Rust does things vs some other language. It can be\n"
"    hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of allowing discussions\n"
"    since they engage people much more than one-way communication.\n"
"* The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the slides.\n"
"  * This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. Remember\n"
"    that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as you\n"
"    like."
msgstr ""
"* Ils doivent poser des questions lorsqu'ils les reçoivent, ne les enregistrez pas jusqu'à la fin.\n"
"* Le cours se veut interactif et les discussions sont vivement encouragées !\n"
"  * En tant qu'instructeur, vous devez essayer de garder les discussions pertinentes, c'est-à-dire,\n"
"    garder le lien avec la façon dont Rust fait les choses par rapport à un autre langage. Ça peut être\n"
"    difficile de trouver le bon équilibre, mais privilégiez les discussions\n"
"    car elles engagent les gens bien plus que la communication à sens unique.\n"
"* Les questions signifieront probablement que nous parlons de choses avant les diapositives.\n"
"  * C'est tout à fait correct! La répétition est une partie importante de l'apprentissage. N'oubliez pas\n"
"  que les diapositives ne sont qu'un support et que vous êtes libre de les sauter si vous le souhaitez."

#: src/welcome-day-1.md:29
msgid ""
"The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to speak\n"
"about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a major feature\n"
"and we should show students this right away."
msgstr ""
"L'idée du premier jour est de montrer _juste assez_ de Rust pour pouvoir parler\n"
"du célèbre vérificateur d'emprunt. La façon dont Rust gère la mémoire est une caractéristique majeure\n"
"et nous devrions montrer cela aux élèves tout de suite."

#: src/welcome-day-1.md:33
msgid ""
"If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the\n"
"schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the slides):"
msgstr ""
"Si vous enseignez cela dans une salle de classe, c'est un bon endroit pour passer en revue le\n"
"calendrier. Nous suggérons de diviser la journée en deux parties (suivant les diapositives) :"

#: src/welcome-day-1.md:36
msgid ""
"* Morning: 9:00 to 12:00,\n"
"* Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00."
msgstr ""
"* Matin : 9h00 à 12h00,\n"
"* Après-midi : 13h00 à 16h00."

#: src/welcome-day-1.md:39
msgid ""
"You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include breaks,\n"
"we recommend a break every hour!"
msgstr ""
"Vous pouvez bien sûr ajuster cela si nécessaire. Assurez-vous d'inclure les pauses,\n"
"nous recommandons une pause toutes les heures !"

#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:1
msgid "# What is Rust?"
msgstr "# Qu'est-ce que Rust?"

#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:3
msgid "Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015][1]:"
msgstr "Rust est un nouveau langage de programmation qui a eu sa [version 1.0 en 2015][1] :"

#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:5
msgid ""
"* Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++\n"
"  * `rustc` uses LLVM as its backend.\n"
"* Rust supports many [platforms and\n"
"  architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):\n"
"  * x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ...\n"
"  * Linux, Mac, Windows, ...\n"
"* Rust is used for a wide range of devices:\n"
"  * firmware and boot loaders,\n"
"  * smart displays,\n"
"  * mobile phones,\n"
"  * desktops,\n"
"  * servers."
msgstr ""
"* Rust est un langage compilé statiquement dans un rôle similaire à C++\n"
"  * `rustc` utilise LLVM comme backend.\n"
"* Rust prend en charge de nombreuses [plates-formes et\n"
"  architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):\n"
"  * x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ...\n"
"  *Linux, Mac, Windows, ...\n"
"* Rust est utilisé pour une large gamme d'appareils :\n"
"  * firmware et chargeurs de démarrage,\n"
"  * écrans intelligents,\n"
"  * téléphones portables,\n"
"  * ordinateurs de bureau,\n"
"  * serveurs."

#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:21
msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:"
msgstr "Rust s'inscrit dans le même domaine que C++ :"

#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:23
msgid ""
"* High flexibility.\n"
"* High level of control.\n"
"* Can be scaled down to very constrained devices like mobile phones.\n"
"* Has no runtime or garbage collection.\n"
"* Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance."
msgstr ""
"* Grande flexibilité.\n"
"* Haut niveau de contrôle.\n"
"* Peut être réduit à des appareils très limités comme les téléphones mobiles.\n"
"* N'a pas de temps d'exécution ou de récupération d'ordures.\n"
"* Se concentre sur la fiabilité et la sécurité sans sacrifier les performances."

#: src/hello-world.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Hello World!"
msgstr "# Bonjour le monde!"

#: src/hello-world.md:3
msgid ""
"Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World\n"
"program:"
msgstr ""
"Passons au programme Rust le plus simple possible, un Bonjour Monde classique\n"
"programme:"

#: src/hello-world.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
"```rust\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    println!(\"Bonjour 🌍!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"

#: src/hello-world.md:12
msgid "What you see:"
msgstr "Ce que tu vois:"

#: src/hello-world.md:14
msgid ""
"* Functions are introduced with `fn`.\n"
"* Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++.\n"
"* The `main` function is the entry point of the program.\n"
"* Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this.\n"
"* Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character."
msgstr ""
"* Les fonctions sont introduites avec `fn`.\n"
"* Les blocs sont délimités par des accolades comme en C et C++.\n"
"* La fonction `main` est le point d'entrée du programme.\n"
"* Rust a des macros hygiéniques, `println!` en est un exemple.\n"
"* Les strings Rust sont encodées en UTF-8 et peuvent contenir n'importe quel caractère Unicode."

#: src/hello-world.md:22
msgid ""
"This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will see\n"
"a ton of it over the next four days so we start small with something familiar."
msgstr ""
"Cette diapositive tente de mettre les étudiants à l'aise avec le code Rust. Ils en verront\n"
"une tonne durant les quatre prochains jours, alors nous commençons petit avec quelque chose de familier."

#: src/hello-world.md:27
msgid ""
"* Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is\n"
"  imperative (not functional) and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless\n"
"  absolutely necessary.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of\n"
"  arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md)).\n"
"\n"
"* Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers from\n"
"  the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only\n"
"  [partially hygenic](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene.html)."
msgstr ""
"* Rust ressemble beaucoup aux autres langages traditionnels C/C++/Java. C'est\n"
"  impératif (non fonctionnel) et il n'essaie pas de réinventer les choses à moins\n"
"  qu'absolument nécessaire.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust est moderne avec un support complet pour des choses comme Unicode.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust utilise des macros pour les situations où vous souhaitez avoir un nombre variable\n"
"  d'arguments (pas de fonction [surchargées](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md)).\n"
"\n"
"* Les macros étant \"hygiéniques\", elles ne capturent pas accidentellement les identifiants de\n"
"  la portée dans laquelle elles sont utilisées. Les macros Rust ne sont en fait que\n"
"  [partiellement hygiénique](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene.html)."

#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:1
msgid "# Small Example"
msgstr "# Petit exemple"

#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:3
msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:"
msgstr "Voici un petit exemple de programme en Rust :"

#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {              // Program entry point\n"
"    let mut x: i32 = 6;  // Mutable variable binding\n"
"    print!(\"{x}\");       // Macro for printing, like printf\n"
"    while x != 1 {       // No parenthesis around expression\n"
"        if x % 2 == 0 {  // Math like in other languages\n"
"            x = x / 2;\n"
"        } else {\n"
"            x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
"        }\n"
"        print!(\" -> {x}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"    println!();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {              // Entrée du programme\n"
"    let mut x: i32 = 6;  // Liaison mutable de variable\n"
"    print!(\"{x}\");       // Macro pour impression, comme printf\n"
"    while x != 1 {       // Pas de parenthèses autour des expressions\n"
"        if x % 2 == 0 {  // Les mathématiques comme dans d'autre langages\n"
"            x = x / 2;\n"
"        } else {\n"
"            x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
"        }\n"
"        print!(\" -> {x}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"    println!();\n"
"}\n"
"```"

#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:23
msgid ""
"The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop will\n"
"always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with different\n"
"inputs."
msgstr ""
"Le code implémente la conjecture de Collatz : on pense que la boucle\n"
"finissent toujours, mais cela n'est pas encore prouvé. Modifiez le code et jouez avec différentes\n"
"entrées."

#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:29
msgid ""
"* Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to trigger\n"
"  type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer overflow.\n"
"\n"
"* Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error.\n"
"\n"
"* Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match the\n"
"  format string.\n"
"\n"
"* Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an\n"
"  expression which is more complex than just a single variable.\n"
"\n"
"* Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::fmt`\n"
"  which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important that the\n"
"  students become familiar with searching in the standard library."
msgstr ""
"* Expliquez que toutes les variables sont typées statiquement. Essayez de supprimer `i32` pour déclencher\n"
"  l'inférence de type. Essayez avec `i8` à la place et déclenchez un débordement d'entier à l'exécution.\n"
"\n"
"* Remplacez `let mut x` par `let x`, discutez de l'erreur du compilateur.\n"
"\n"
"* Montrez comment `print!` génère une erreur de compilation si les arguments ne correspondent pas aux\n"
"  format des string.\n"
"\n"
"* Montrez comment vous devez utiliser `{}` comme espace réservé si vous souhaitez imprimer une\n"
"  expression qui est plus complexe qu'une simple variable.\n"
"\n"
"* Montrez aux étudiants la bibliothèque standard, montrez-leur comment rechercher `std :: fmt`\n"
"  qui a les règles du mini-langage de formatage. Il est important que le\n"
"  les étudiants se familiarisent avec la recherche dans la bibliothèque standard."

#: src/why-rust.md:1
msgid "# Why Rust?"
msgstr "# Pourquoi Rust ?"

#: src/why-rust.md:3
msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:"
msgstr "Quelques arguments de vente uniques à Rust :"

#: src/why-rust.md:5
msgid ""
"* Compile time memory safety.\n"
"* Lack of undefined runtime behavior.\n"
"* Modern language features."
msgstr ""
"* Sécurité de la mémoire à la compilation.\n"
"* Absence de comportement d'exécution indéfini.\n"
"* Caractéristiques du langage moderne."

#: src/why-rust.md:11
msgid ""
"Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. Depending\n"
"on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:"
msgstr ""
"Assurez-vous de demander à la classe dans quelles langues ils ont de l'expérience. Selon\n"
"la réponse, vous pouvez mettre en évidence différentes fonctionnalités de Rust :"

#: src/why-rust.md:14
msgid ""
"* Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_\n"
"  via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't\n"
"  have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with\n"
"  constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management.\n"
"\n"
"* Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory safety\n"
"  as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In addition\n"
"  you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage collector)\n"
"  as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)"
msgstr ""
"* Expérience avec C ou C++ : Rust élimine toute une classe d'_erreurs d'exécution_\n"
"  via le vérificateur d'emprunt. Vous obtenez des performances comme en C et C++, mais sans\n"
"  problèmes d'insécurité de la mémoire. De plus, vous obtenez une langue moderne avec\n"
"  des constructions telles que la correspondance de motifs et la gestion intégrée des dépendances.\n"
"\n"
"* Expérience avec Java, Go, Python, JavaScript... : Vous bénéficiez de la même sécurité mémoire\n"
"  comme dans ces langages, plus un sentiment de langage de haut niveau similaire. En outre\n"
"  vous obtenez des performances rapides et prévisibles comme C et C++ (pas de ramassage d'ordures)\n"
"  ainsi que l'accès au matériel de bas niveau (si vous en avez besoin)"

#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:1
msgid "# Compile Time Guarantees"
msgstr "# Garanties à la compilation"

#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:3
msgid "Static memory management at compile time:"
msgstr "Gestion de la mémoire statique à la compilation :"

#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:5
msgid ""
"* No uninitialized variables.\n"
"* No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes).\n"
"* No double-frees.\n"
"* No use-after-free.\n"
"* No `NULL` pointers.\n"
"* No forgotten locked mutexes.\n"
"* No data races between threads.\n"
"* No iterator invalidation."
msgstr ""
"* Aucune variable non initialisée.\n"
"* Aucune fuite de mémoire (_surtout_, voir les notes).\n"
"* Pas de double libération de mémoire.\n"
"* Aucune utilisation après la libération.\n"
"* Pas de pointeurs `NULL`.\n"
"* Pas de mutex verrouillés oubliés.\n"
"* Pas de courses de données entre les threads.\n"
"* Aucune invalidation d'itérateur."

#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:16
msgid ""
"It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples\n"
"are:"
msgstr ""
"Il est possible de produire des fuites de mémoire avec Rust (sûr). Quelques exemples\n"
"sont:"

#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:19
msgid ""
"* You can for use [`Box::leak`] to leak a pointer. A use of this could\n"
"  be to get runtime-initialized and runtime-sized static variables\n"
"* You can use [`std::mem::forget`] to make the compiler \"forget\" about\n"
"  a value (meaning the destructor is never run).\n"
"* You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle] with `Rc` or\n"
"  `Arc`.\n"
"* In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory\n"
"  leak and Rust does not protect from those."
msgstr ""
"* Vous pouvez utiliser [`Box::leak`] pour divulguer un pointeur. Une utilisation de cela pourrait\n"
"  être d'obtenir des variables statiques initialisées et dimensionnées à l'exécution\n"
"* Vous pouvez utiliser [`std::mem::forget`] pour que le compilateur \"oublie\"\n"
"  une valeur (ce qui signifie que le destructeur n'est jamais exécuté).\n"
"* Vous pouvez également créer accidentellement un [cycle de référence] avec `Rc` ou\n"
"  \"Arc\".\n"
"* En fait, certains considéreront le fait de peupler à l'infini une collection tel qu'une\n"
"  fuite de mémoire et Rust ne protège pas de celles-ci."

#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:28
msgid ""
"For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood\n"
"as \"Pretty much no *accidental* memory leaks\"."
msgstr ""
"Pour les besoins de ce cours, \"Aucune fuite de mémoire\" doit être compris\n"
"comme \"Pratiquement pas de fuites de mémoire *accidentelles*\"."

#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:1
msgid "# Runtime Guarantees"
msgstr "# Garanties au temps d'exécution"

#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "No undefined behavior at runtime:"
msgstr "Aucun comportement indéfini à l'exécution :"

#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Array access is bounds checked.\n"
"* Integer overflow is defined."
msgstr ""
"* L'accès au tableau est vérifié dans les limites.\n"
"* Le débordement d'entier est défini."

#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Integer overflow is defined via a compile-time flag. The options are\n"
"  either a panic (a controlled crash of the program) or wrap-around\n"
"  semantics. By default, you get panics in debug mode (`cargo build`)\n"
"  and wrap-around in release mode (`cargo build --release`).\n"
"\n"
"* Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also\n"
"  not be disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However,\n"
"  `unsafe` allows you to call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked`\n"
"  which does not do bounds checking."
msgstr ""
"* Le débordement d'entier est défini via un indicateur de compilation. Les options sont\n"
"  soit une panique (un plantage contrôlé du programme) ou un bouclage\n"
"  sémantique. Par défaut, vous obtenez des paniques en mode débogage (`cargo build`)\n"
"  et bouclage en mode release (`cargo build --release`).\n"
"\n"
"* La vérification des limites ne peut pas être désactivée avec un indicateur de compilateur. Ça peut aussi\n"
"  ne pas être désactivé directement avec le mot-clé `unsafe`. Cependant,\n"
"  `unsafe` vous permet d'appeler des fonctions telles que `slice::get_unchecked`\n"
"  qui ne vérifie pas les bornes."

#: src/why-rust/modern.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Modern Features"
msgstr "# Fonctionnalités modernes"

#: src/why-rust/modern.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last 40 years."
msgstr "Rust est construit avec toute l'expérience acquise au cours des 40 dernières années."

#: src/why-rust/modern.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Language Features"
msgstr "## Caractéristiques linguistiques"

#: src/why-rust/modern.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Enums and pattern matching.\n"
"* Generics.\n"
"* No overhead FFI.\n"
"* Zero-cost abstractions."
msgstr ""
"* Énumérations et correspondance de modèles.\n"
"* Génériques.\n"
"* Pas de frais généraux FFI.\n"
"* Abstractions à coût zéro."

#: src/why-rust/modern.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Tooling"
msgstr "## Outillage"

#: src/why-rust/modern.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Great compiler errors.\n"
"* Built-in dependency manager.\n"
"* Built-in support for testing.\n"
"* Excellent Language Server Protocol support."
msgstr ""
"* Grandes erreurs de compilation.\n"
"* Gestionnaire de dépendances intégré.\n"
"* Support intégré pour les tests.\n"
"* Excellente prise en charge du protocole de serveur de langue."

#: src/why-rust/modern.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to 'pay'\n"
"  for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example,\n"
"  writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level\n"
"  instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct.\n"
"\n"
"* It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', also\n"
"  known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like\n"
"  `Option<T>` and `Result<T, E>`.\n"
"\n"
"* Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to\n"
"  ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more\n"
"  talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with _actionable_\n"
"  feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code.\n"
"\n"
"* The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, Python,\n"
"  and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard and\n"
"  essential:\n"
"\n"
"  * a random number generator, but see [rand].\n"
"  * support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls].\n"
"  * support for JSON, but see [serde_json].\n"
"\n"
"  The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library cannot\n"
"  go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the Rust\n"
"  community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps there\n"
"  isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things.\n"
"\n"
"  Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this makes\n"
"  it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence of this\n"
"  is that the standard library can be smaller.\n"
"\n"
"  Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like\n"
"  <https://lib.rs/> help with this by letting you compare health metrics for\n"
"  crates to find a good and trusted one.\n"
"  \n"
"* [rust-analyzer] is a well supported LSP implementation used in major\n"
"  IDEs and text editors."
msgstr ""
"* Les abstractions à coût nul, similaires à C++, signifient que vous n'avez pas à \"payer\"\n"
"  pour les constructions de programmation de niveau supérieur avec mémoire ou CPU. Par exemple,\n"
"  écrire une boucle en utilisant `for` devrait aboutir à peu près au même niveau bas\n"
"  instructions comme utilisant la construction `.iter().fold()`.\n"
"\n"
"* Il peut être utile de mentionner que les énumérations Rust sont des \"types de données algébriques\", également\n"
"  connus sous le nom de \"types de somme\", qui permettent au système de type d'exprimer des choses comme\n"
"  `Option<T>` et `Résultat<T, E>`.\n"
"\n"
"* Rappelez aux gens de lire les erreurs --- de nombreux développeurs se sont habitués à\n"
"  ignorer la longue sortie du compilateur. Le compilateur Rust est beaucoup plus\n"
"  bavard que les autres compilateurs. Il vous fournira souvent _actionnable_\n"
"  feedback, prêt à copier-coller dans votre code.\n"
"\n"
"* La bibliothèque standard Rust est petite comparée à des langages comme Java, Python,\n"
"  et aller. La rouille ne vient pas avec plusieurs choses que vous pourriez considérer comme standard et\n"
"  essentiel:\n"
"\n"
"  * un générateur de nombres aléatoires, mais voir [rand].\n"
"  * prise en charge de SSL ou TLS, mais voir [rusttls].\n"
"  * support pour JSON, mais voir [serde_json].\n"
"\n"
"  Le raisonnement sous-jacent est que la fonctionnalité de la bibliothèque standard ne peut pas\n"
"  s'en aller, il doit donc être très stable. Pour les exemples ci-dessus, le Rust\n"
"  la communauté travaille toujours à trouver la meilleure solution --- et peut-être là\n"
"  n'est pas une seule \"meilleure solution\" pour certaines de ces choses.\n"
"\n"
"  Rust est livré avec un gestionnaire de packages intégré sous la forme de Cargo, ce qui rend\n"
"  il est trivial de télécharger et de compiler des caisses tierces. Une conséquence de ce\n"
"  est que la bibliothèque standard peut être plus petite.\n"
"\n"
"  Découvrir de bonnes caisses tierces peut être un problème. Des sites comme\n"
"  <https://lib.rs/> aide à cela en vous permettant de comparer les mesures de santé pour\n"
"  caisses pour en trouver une bonne et de confiance.\n"
"  \n"
"* [rust-analyzer] est une implémentation LSP bien prise en charge utilisée dans les principaux\n"
"  IDE et éditeurs de texte."

#: src/basic-syntax.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Basic Syntax"
msgstr "# Syntaxe de base"

#: src/basic-syntax.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:"
msgstr "Une grande partie de la syntaxe de Rust vous sera familière en C, C++ ou Java :"

#: src/basic-syntax.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Blocks and scopes are delimited by curly braces.\n"
"* Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/* ...\n"
"  */`.\n"
"* Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same.\n"
"* Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`."
msgstr ""
"* Les blocs et les portées sont délimités par des accolades.\n"
"* Les commentaires de ligne commencent par `//`, les commentaires de bloc sont délimités par `/* ...\n"
"  */`.\n"
"* Des mots-clés comme `if` et `while` fonctionnent de la même manière.\n"
"* L'affectation des variables se fait avec `=`, la comparaison se fait avec `==`."

#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Scalar Types"
msgstr "# Types scalaires"

#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"|                        | Types                                      | Literals                      |\n"
"|------------------------|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|\n"
"| Signed integers        | `i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize` | `-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123i64` |\n"
"| Unsigned integers      | `u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize` | `0`, `123`, `10u16`           |\n"
"| Floating point numbers | `f32`, `f64`                               | `3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2f32`    |\n"
"| Strings                | `&str`                                     | `\"foo\"`, `r#\"\\\\\"#`            |\n"
"| Unicode scalar values  | `char`                                     | `'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`           |\n"
"| Byte strings           | `&[u8]`                                    | `b\"abc\"`, `br#\" \" \"#`         |\n"
"| Booleans               | `bool`                                     | `true`, `false`               |"
msgstr ""
"| | Types | Littéraux |\n"
"|-----------------------|------------------------ --------------------|-------------------------------------- --|\n"
"| Entiers signés | `i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize` | `-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123i64` |\n"
"| Entiers non signés | `u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize` | `0`, `123`, `10u16` |\n"
"| Nombres à virgule flottante | `f32`, `f64` | `3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2f32` |\n"
"| Cordes | `&str` | `\"foo\"`, `r#\"\\\\\"#` |\n"
"| Valeurs scalaires Unicode | `car` | `'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'` |\n"
"| Chaînes d'octets | `&[u8]` | `b\"abc\"`, `br#\" \" \"#` |\n"
"| Booléens | `bool` | 'vrai', 'faux' |"

#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "The types have widths as follows:"
msgstr "Les types ont des largeurs comme suit :"

#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide,\n"
"* `isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer,\n"
"* `char` is 32 bit wide,\n"
"* `bool` is 8 bit wide."
msgstr ""
"* `iN`, `uN` et `fN` ont une largeur de _N_ bits,\n"
"* `isize` et `usize` sont la largeur d'un pointeur,\n"
"* `char` a une largeur de 32 bits,\n"
"* `bool` a une largeur de 8 bits."

#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Compound Types"
msgstr "# Types de composés"

#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3
msgid ""
"|        | Types                         | Literals                          |\n"
"|--------|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|\n"
"| Arrays | `[T; N]`                      | `[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`          |\n"
"| Tuples | `()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ... | `()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ... |"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Array assignment and access:"
msgstr "Affectation et accès aux baies :"

#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:10
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n"
"    a[5] = 0;\n"
"    println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "Tuple assignment and access:"
msgstr "Affectation et accès aux tuples :"

#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:20
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n"
"    println!(\"1st index: {}\", t.0);\n"
"    println!(\"2nd index: {}\", t.1);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid "Arrays:"
msgstr "Tableaux :"

#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:34
msgid ""
"* Arrays have elements of the same type, `T`, and length, `N`, which is a compile-time constant.\n"
"  Note that the length of the array is *part of its type*, which means that `[u8; 3]` and\n"
"  `[u8; 4]` are considered two different types.\n"
"\n"
"* We can use literals to assign values to arrays.\n"
"\n"
"* In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug implementation with the `?` format\n"
"  parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug output. We\n"
"  could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without specifying the value after the\n"
"  format string.\n"
"\n"
"* Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be easier to read."
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid "Tuples:"
msgstr "Tuples :"

#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length.\n"
"\n"
"* Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type.\n"
"\n"
"* Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`.\n"
"\n"
"* The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, and\n"
"  the only valid value of that type - that is to say both the type and its value\n"
"  are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a function or\n"
"  expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide. \n"
"    * You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other \n"
"      programming languages."
msgstr ""
"* Comme les tableaux, les tuples ont une longueur fixe.\n"
"\n"
"* Les tuples regroupent des valeurs de différents types dans un type composé.\n"
"\n"
"* Les champs d'un tuple sont accessibles par le point et l'index de la valeur, par ex. `t.0`, `t.1`.\n"
"\n"
"* Le tuple vide `()` est également appelé \"type d'unité\". C'est à la fois un type et\n"
"  la seule valeur valide de ce type - c'est-à-dire à la fois le type et sa valeur\n"
"  sont exprimés par `()`. Il est utilisé pour indiquer, par exemple, qu'une fonction ou\n"
"  expression n'a pas de valeur de retour, comme nous le verrons dans une prochaine diapositive.\n"
"    * Vous pouvez le considérer comme un \"vide\" qui peut vous être familier d'autres\n"
"      langages de programmation."

#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# References"
msgstr "# Les références"

#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:"
msgstr "Comme C++, Rust a des références :"

#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut x: i32 = 10;\n"
"    let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n"
"    *ref_x = 20;\n"
"    println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "Some notes:"
msgstr "Quelques notes:"

#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ pointers.\n"
"* Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking\n"
"  methods (try `ref_x.count_ones()`).\n"
"* References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values over their lifetime."
msgstr ""
"* Nous devons déréférencer `ref_x` lors de son affectation, comme pour les pointeurs C et C++.\n"
"* Rust déréférencera automatiquement dans certains cas, en particulier lors de l'appel\n"
"  méthodes (essayez `ref_x.count_ones()`).\n"
"* Les références déclarées comme \"mut\" peuvent être liées à différentes valeurs au cours de leur durée de vie."

#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<details>\n"
"Key points:"
msgstr ""
"<détails>\n"
"Points clés:"

#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Be sure to note the difference between `let mut ref_x: &i32` and `let ref_x:\n"
"  &mut i32`. The first one represents a mutable reference which can be bound to\n"
"  different values, while the second represents a reference to a mutable value."
msgstr ""
"* Assurez-vous de noter la différence entre `let mut ref_x: &i32` et `let ref_x:\n"
"  &mut i32`. Le premier représente une référence mutable qui peut être liée à\n"
"  différentes valeurs, tandis que la seconde représente une référence à une valeur modifiable."

#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Dangling References"
msgstr "# Références pendantes"

#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:"
msgstr "Rust interdira statiquement les références pendantes :"

#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let ref_x: &i32;\n"
"    {\n"
"        let x: i32 = 10;\n"
"        ref_x = &x;\n"
"    }\n"
"    println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to.\n"
"* Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long\n"
"  enough.\n"
"* We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership."
msgstr ""
"* Une référence est dite \"emprunter\" la valeur à laquelle elle se réfère.\n"
"* Rust suit la durée de vie de toutes les références pour s'assurer qu'elles durent longtemps\n"
"  assez.\n"
"* Nous parlerons davantage de l'emprunt lorsque nous arriverons à la propriété."

#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Slices"
msgstr "# tranches"

#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:"
msgstr "Une tranche vous donne une vue dans une plus grande collection :"

#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n"
"    println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n"
"\n"
"    let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n"
"    println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Slices borrow data from the sliced type.\n"
"* Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]`?"
msgstr ""
"* Les tranches empruntent des données au type en tranches.\n"
"* Question : Que se passe-t-il si vous modifiez `a[3]` ?"

#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending indexes in brackets.\n"
"\n"
"* If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are "
"identical.\n"
"    \n"
"* The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are identical.\n"
"\n"
"* To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`.\n"
"\n"
"* `s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` (`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform "
"computation on slices of different sizes.\n"
" \n"
"* Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain 'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice. \n"
"    \n"
"* The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but the answer is that for memory safety reasons\n"
"  you cannot do it through `a` after you created a slice, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` safely. \n"
"  More details will be explained in the borrow checker section."
msgstr ""
"* Nous créons une tranche en empruntant `a` et en spécifiant les index de début et de fin entre parenthèses.\n"
"\n"
"* Si la tranche commence à l'index 0, la syntaxe de plage de Rust nous permet de supprimer l'index de départ, ce qui signifie que `&a[0..a.len()]` "
"et `&a[..a.len()]` sont identiques .\n"
"    \n"
"* Il en va de même pour le dernier index, donc `&a[2..a.len()]` et `&a[2..]` sont identiques.\n"
"\n"
"* Pour créer facilement une tranche du tableau complet, on peut donc utiliser `&a[..]`.\n"
"\n"
"* `s` est une référence à une tranche de `i32`s. Notez que le type de `s` (`&[i32]`) ne mentionne plus la longueur du tableau. Cela nous permet "
"d'effectuer des calculs sur des tranches de tailles différentes.\n"
" \n"
"* Les tranches empruntent toujours à un autre objet. Dans cet exemple, \"a\" doit rester \"vivant\" (dans la portée) au moins aussi longtemps que "
"notre tranche.\n"
"    \n"
"* La question sur la modification de `a[3]` peut susciter une discussion intéressante, mais la réponse est que pour des raisons de sécurité de la "
"mémoire\n"
"  vous ne pouvez pas le faire via `a` après avoir créé une tranche, mais vous pouvez lire les données de `a` et `s` en toute sécurité.\n"
"  Plus de détails seront expliqués dans la section Vérificateur d'emprunt."

#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `String` vs `str`"
msgstr "# `Chaîne` vs `chaîne`"

#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:"
msgstr "Nous pouvons maintenant comprendre les deux types de string avec Rust :"

#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let s1: &str = \"World\";\n"
"    println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
"\n"
"    let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n"
"    println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
"    s2.push_str(s1);\n"
"    println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
"    \n"
"    let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n"
"    println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust terminology:"
msgstr "Terminologie de la rouille :"

#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `&str` an immutable reference to a string slice.\n"
"* `String` a mutable string buffer."
msgstr ""
"* `&str` une référence immuable à une tranche de chaîne.\n"
"* `String` un tampon de chaîne mutable."

#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:27
msgid ""
"* `&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 encoded string data \n"
"  stored in a block of memory. String literals (`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a `Vec<T>`, it is owned.\n"
"    \n"
"* As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string literal; `String::new()` \n"
"  creates a new empty string, to which string data can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods.\n"
"\n"
"* The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from dynamic values. It \n"
"  accepts the same format specification as `println!()`.\n"
"    \n"
"* You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range selection.\n"
"    \n"
"* For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `const char*` from C++, but the one that always points \n"
"  to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough equivalent of `std::string` from C++ \n"
"  (main difference: it can only contain UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization).\n"
"    "
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Functions"
msgstr "# Les fonctions"

#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz) interview question:"
msgstr "Une version Rust de la célèbre question d'entrevue [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz) :"

#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    fizzbuzz_to(20);   // Defined below, no forward declaration needed\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n"
"    if rhs == 0 {\n"
"        return false;  // Corner case, early return\n"
"    }\n"
"    lhs % rhs == 0     // The last expression in a block is the return value\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () {  // No return value means returning the unit type `()`\n"
"    match (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) {\n"
"        (true,  true)  => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"),\n"
"        (true,  false) => println!(\"fizz\"),\n"
"        (false, true)  => println!(\"buzz\"),\n"
"        (false, false) => println!(\"{n}\"),\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) {  // `-> ()` is normally omitted\n"
"    for i in 1..=n {\n"
"        fizzbuzz(i);\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:35
msgid ""
"* We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward declarations nor headers are necessary. \n"
"* Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some programming languages), then a return type.\n"
"* The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression.\n"
"* Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted.\n"
"* The range expression in the `for` loop in `fizzbuzz_to()` contains `=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound.\n"
"* The `match` expression in `fizzbuzz()` is doing a lot of work. It is expanded below to show what is happening.\n"
"\n"
"  (Type annotations added for clarity, but they can be elided.)\n"
"\n"
"  ```rust,ignore\n"
"  let by_3: bool = is_divisible_by(n, 3);\n"
"  let by_5: bool = is_divisible_by(n, 5);\n"
"  let by_35: (bool, bool) = (by_3, by_5);\n"
"  match by_35 {\n"
"    // ...\n"
"  ```\n"
"\n"
"  "
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Rustdoc"
msgstr "# Rustdoc"

#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax."
msgstr "Tous les éléments de langage de Rust peuvent être documentés à l'aide de la syntaxe spéciale `///`."

#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second argument.\n"
"///\n"
"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n"
"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n"
"    if rhs == 0 {\n"
"        return false;  // Corner case, early return\n"
"    }\n"
"    lhs % rhs == 0     // The last expression in a block is the return value\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are\n"
"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the\n"
"[rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is\n"
"idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern."
msgstr ""
"Le contenu est traité comme Markdown. Toutes les caisses de bibliothèque Rust publiées sont\n"
"automatiquement documenté sur [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) en utilisant le\n"
"[rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html). C'est\n"
"idiomatic pour documenter tous les éléments publics dans une API utilisant ce modèle."

#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at\n"
"  [`docs.rs/rand`](https://docs.rs/rand).\n"
"\n"
"* This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but in\n"
"  real code they should be present.\n"
"\n"
"* Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need not\n"
"  be addressed here."
msgstr ""
"* Montrez aux élèves les documents générés pour la caisse \"rand\" sur\n"
"  [`docs.rs/rand`](https://docs.rs/rand).\n"
"\n"
"* Ce cours n'inclut pas rustdoc sur les diapositives, juste pour économiser de l'espace, mais dans\n"
"  code réel, ils doivent être présents.\n"
"\n"
"* Les commentaires de la documentation interne sont discutés plus tard (dans la page sur les modules) et n'ont pas besoin\n"
"  être abordé ici."

#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:1 src/methods.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Methods"
msgstr "# Méthodes"

#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has methods, they are simply functions that are associated with a particular type. The\n"
"first argument of a method is an instance of the type it is associated with:"
msgstr ""
"Rust a des méthodes, ce sont simplement des fonctions qui sont associées à un type particulier. Le\n"
"le premier argument d'une méthode est une instance du type auquel elle est associée :"

#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Rectangle {\n"
"    width: u32,\n"
"    height: u32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Rectangle {\n"
"    fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n"
"        self.width * self.height\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n"
"        self.width += delta;\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n"
"    println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
"    rect.inc_width(5);\n"
"    println!(\"new area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "* We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's class."
msgstr "* Nous nous pencherons beaucoup plus sur les méthodes dans l'exercice d'aujourd'hui et dans le cours de demain."

#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Function Overloading"
msgstr "# Surcharge de fonction"

#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Overloading is not supported:"
msgstr "La surcharge n'est pas prise en charge :"

#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Each function has a single implementation:\n"
"  * Always takes a fixed number of parameters.\n"
"  * Always takes a single set of parameter types.\n"
"* Default values are not supported:\n"
"  * All call sites have the same number of arguments.\n"
"  * Macros are sometimes used as an alternative."
msgstr ""
"* Chaque fonction a une seule implémentation :\n"
"  * Prend toujours un nombre fixe de paramètres.\n"
"  * Prend toujours un seul ensemble de types de paramètres.\n"
"* Les valeurs par défaut ne sont pas prises en charge :\n"
"  * Tous les sites d'appel ont le même nombre d'arguments.\n"
"  * Les macros sont parfois utilisées comme alternative."

#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:"
msgstr "Cependant, les paramètres de fonction peuvent être génériques :"

#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:14
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn pick_one<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n"
"    if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n"
"    println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* When using generics, the standard library's `Into<T>` can provide a kind of limited\n"
"  polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a later section."
msgstr ""
"* Lors de l'utilisation de génériques, la bibliothèque standard `Into<T>` peut fournir une sorte de\n"
"  polymorphisme sur les types d'arguments. Nous verrons plus de détails dans une section ultérieure."

#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "</defails>"
msgstr "</defaults>"

#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 1: Morning Exercises"
msgstr "# Jour 1 : Exercices du matin"

#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:"
msgstr "Dans ces exercices, nous allons explorer deux parties de Rust :"

#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Implicit conversions between types.\n"
"\n"
"* Arrays and `for` loops."
msgstr ""
"* Conversions implicites entre les types.\n"
"\n"
"* Tableaux et boucles \"for\"."

#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:"
msgstr "Quelques points à considérer lors de la résolution des exercices :"

#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get\n"
"  auto-completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo] for details\n"
"  on installing Rust.\n"
"\n"
"* Alternatively, use the Rust Playground."
msgstr ""
"* Utilisez une installation Rust locale, si possible. De cette façon, vous pouvez obtenir\n"
"  auto-complétion dans votre éditeur. Voir la page sur [Utiliser Cargo] pour plus de détails\n"
"  lors de l'installation de Rust.\n"
"\n"
"* Vous pouvez également utiliser le Rust Playground."

#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets lose\n"
"their state if you navigate away from the page."
msgstr ""
"Les extraits de code ne sont pas modifiables à dessein : les extraits de code en ligne perdent\n"
"leur état si vous quittez la page."

#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:22 src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:7
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:7 src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:12 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:7 src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions] provided."
msgstr "Après avoir regardé les exercices, vous pouvez regarder les [solutions] fournies."

#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Implicit Conversions"
msgstr "# Conversions implicites"

#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types ([unlike\n"
"C++][3]). You can see this in a program like this:"
msgstr ""
"Rust n'appliquera pas automatiquement les _conversions implicites_ entre les types ([contrairement à\n"
"C++][3]). Vous pouvez le voir dans un programme comme celui-ci :"

#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n"
"    x * y\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let x: i8 = 15;\n"
"    let y: i16 = 1000;\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiply(x, y));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rust integer types all implement the [`From<T>`][1] and [`Into<T>`][2]\n"
"traits to let us convert between them. The `From<T>` trait has a single `from()`\n"
"method and similarly, the `Into<T>` trait has a single `into()` method.\n"
"Implementing these traits is how a type expresses that it can be converted into\n"
"another type."
msgstr ""
"Les types entiers Rust implémentent tous les [`From<T>`][1] et [`Into<T>`][2]\n"
"traits pour nous permettre de convertir entre eux. Le trait `From<T>` a un seul `from()`\n"
"et de même, le trait `Into<T>` a une seule méthode `into()`.\n"
"La mise en œuvre de ces traits est la façon dont un type exprime qu'il peut être converti en\n"
"un autre type."

#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The standard library has an implementation of `From<i8> for i16`, which means\n"
"that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by calling \n"
"`i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From<i8> for i16`\n"
"implementation automatically create an implementation of `Into<i16> for i8`."
msgstr ""
"La bibliothèque standard a une implémentation de `From<i8> for i16`, ce qui signifie\n"
"que nous pouvons convertir une variable `x` de type `i8` en un `i16` en appelant\n"
"`i16::from(x)`. Ou, plus simple, avec `x.into()`, car `From<i8> for i16`\n"
"créer automatiquement une implémentation de `Into<i16> for i8`."

#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, so it is\n"
"sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` implementation automatically."
msgstr ""
"Il en va de même pour vos propres implémentations `From` pour vos propres types, il est donc\n"
"suffisant pour implémenter uniquement `From` pour obtenir automatiquement une implémentation `Into` respective."

#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"1. Execute the above program and look at the compiler error.\n"
"\n"
"2. Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion.\n"
"\n"
"3. Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`,\n"
"   `i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try\n"
"   converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the\n"
"   [standard library documentation][1] to see if `From<T>` is implemented for\n"
"   the pairs you check."
msgstr ""
"1. Exécutez le programme ci-dessus et examinez l'erreur du compilateur.\n"
"\n"
"2. Mettez à jour le code ci-dessus pour utiliser `into()` pour effectuer la conversion.\n"
"\n"
"3. Remplacez les types de `x` et `y` par d'autres éléments (tels que `f32`, `bool`,\n"
"   `i128`) pour voir quels types vous pouvez convertir vers quels autres types. Essayer\n"
"   convertir de petits types en grands types et inversement. Vérifier la\n"
"   [documentation de la bibliothèque standard][1] pour voir si `From<T>` est implémenté pour\n"
"   les paires que vous cochez."

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Arrays and `for` Loops"
msgstr "# Tableaux et boucles `for`"

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:"
msgstr "Nous avons vu qu'un tableau peut être déclaré comme ceci :"

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with `{:?}`:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez imprimer un tel tableau en demandant sa représentation de débogage avec `{:?}` :"

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:11
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
"    println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for`\n"
"keyword:"
msgstr ""
"Rust vous permet d'itérer sur des choses comme des tableaux et des plages en utilisant le `for`\n"
"mot-clé:"

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:21
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
"    print!(\"Iterating over array:\");\n"
"    for n in array {\n"
"        print!(\" {n}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"    println!();\n"
"\n"
"    print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n"
"    for i in 0..3 {\n"
"        print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n"
"    }\n"
"    println!();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use the above to write a function `pretty_print` which pretty-print a matrix and\n"
"a function `transpose` which will transpose a matrix (turn rows into columns):"
msgstr ""
"Utilisez ce qui précède pour écrire une fonction `pretty_print` qui imprime joliment une matrice et\n"
"une fonction `transpose` qui va transposer une matrice (transformer les lignes en colonnes):"

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:41
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
"           ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞      ⎡1 4 7⎤\n"
"\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟  \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n"
"           ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠      ⎣3 6 9⎦\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices."
msgstr "Codez en dur les deux fonctions pour qu'elles fonctionnent sur des matrices 3 × 3."

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the\n"
"functions:"
msgstr ""
"Copiez le code ci-dessous sur <https://play.rust-lang.org/> et implémentez le\n"
"les fonctions:"

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:52
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
"    unimplemented!()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
"    unimplemented!()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let matrix = [\n"
"        [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
"        [201, 202, 203],\n"
"        [301, 302, 303],\n"
"    ];\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
"    pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
"\n"
"    let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
"    println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
"    pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:80
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Bonus Question"
msgstr "## Question bonus"

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:82
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for your\n"
"argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-dimensional\n"
"slice-of-slices. Why or why not?"
msgstr ""
"Pourriez-vous utiliser des tranches `&[i32]` au lieu de matrices 3 × 3 codées en dur pour votre\n"
"types d'argument et de retour ? Quelque chose comme `&[&[i32]]` pour un fichier bidimensionnel\n"
"tranche de tranches. Pourquoi ou pourquoi pas?"

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:87
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production quality\n"
"implementation."
msgstr ""
"Voir le [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) pour une qualité de production\n"
"mise en œuvre."

#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:92
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the \n"
"[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section."
msgstr ""
"La solution et la réponse à la section bonus sont disponibles dans le\n"
"Section [Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)."

#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Variables"
msgstr "#Variable"

#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are immutable by\n"
"default:"
msgstr ""
"Rust fournit une sécurité de type via le typage statique. Les liaisons variables sont immuables par\n"
"défaut:"

#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let x: i32 = 10;\n"
"    println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
"    // x = 20;\n"
"    // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the types less and less as the course progresses.\n"
"* Note that since `println!` is a macro, `x` is not moved, even using the function like syntax of `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`"
msgstr ""
"* En raison de l'inférence de type, le `i32` est facultatif. Nous montrerons progressivement les types de moins en moins au fur et à mesure que le "
"cours avance.\n"
"* Notez que puisque `println!` est une macro, `x` n'est pas déplacé, même en utilisant la fonction comme syntaxe de `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`"

#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Type Inference"
msgstr "# Inférence de type"

#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:"
msgstr "Rust examinera comment la variable est _utilisée_ pour déterminer le type :"

#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n"
"    println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n"
"    println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let x = 10;\n"
"    let y = 20;\n"
"\n"
"    takes_u32(x);\n"
"    takes_i8(y);\n"
"    // takes_u32(y);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on constraints given by variable declarations and usages."
msgstr ""
"Cette diapositive montre comment le compilateur Rust déduit les types en fonction des contraintes données par les déclarations et les utilisations "
"des variables."

#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can\n"
"hold any data. The machine code generated by such declaration is identical to the explicit declaration of a type.\n"
"The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise code."
msgstr ""
"Il est très important de souligner que les variables déclarées de cette manière ne sont pas d'une sorte de \"tout type\" dynamique qui peut\n"
"détenir des données. Le code machine généré par une telle déclaration est identique à la déclaration explicite d'un type.\n"
"Le compilateur fait le travail pour nous et nous aide à écrire un code plus concis."

#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, using "
"`_` as a placeholder:"
msgstr ""
"Le code suivant indique au compilateur de copier dans un certain conteneur générique sans que le code ne spécifie jamais explicitement le type "
"contenu, en utilisant `_` comme espace réservé :"

#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:34
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
"    v.push((10, false));\n"
"    v.push((20, true));\n"
"    println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
"\n"
"    let vv = v.iter().collect::<std::collections::HashSet<_>>();\n"
"    println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.collect) relies on `FromIterator`, which [`HashSet`](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) implements."
msgstr ""
"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.collect) repose sur `FromIterator`, qui [`HashSet`](https:/ /doc."
"rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) implémente."

#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Static and Constant Variables"
msgstr "# Variables statiques et constantes"

#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Global state is managed with static and constant variables."
msgstr "L'état global est géré avec des variables statiques et constantes."

#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `const`"
msgstr "## `const`"

#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can declare compile-time constants:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez déclarer des constantes de compilation :"

#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:9
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = 3;\n"
"const ZERO: Option<u8> = Some(42);\n"
"\n"
"fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> [u8; DIGEST_SIZE] {\n"
"    let mut digest = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE];\n"
"    for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n"
"        digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE] = digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE].wrapping_add(b);\n"
"    }\n"
"    digest\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\");\n"
"    println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "According the the [Rust RFC Book][1] these are inlined upon use."
msgstr "Selon le [Rust RFC Book] [1], ceux-ci sont intégrés lors de l'utilisation."

#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `static`"
msgstr "## `statique`"

#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can also declare static variables:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez également déclarer des variables statiques :"

#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:33
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book][1], these are not inlined upon use and have an actual associated memory location.  This is useful for unsafe and "
"embedded code, and the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution."
msgstr ""
"Comme indiqué dans le [Rust RFC Book] [1], ceux-ci ne sont pas alignés lors de l'utilisation et ont un emplacement de mémoire associé réel. Ceci est "
"utile pour le code non sécurisé et intégré, et la variable vit tout au long de l'exécution du programme."

#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at mutating static data in the [chapter on Unsafe Rust](../unsafe.md)."
msgstr "Nous examinerons la mutation des données statiques dans le [chapitre sur Unsafe Rust](../unsafe.md)."

#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`.\n"
"* `static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable global variable in C++.\n"
"* It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but it is helpful and safer than using a static."
msgstr ""
"* Mentionnez que `const` se comporte sémantiquement de la même manière que `constexpr` de C++.\n"
"* `static`, d'autre part, ressemble beaucoup plus à une variable globale `const` ou mutable en C++.\n"
"* Il n'est pas très courant d'avoir besoin d'une constante évaluée à l'exécution, mais c'est utile et plus sûr que d'utiliser un statique."

#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Scopes and Shadowing"
msgstr "# Portées et ombrage"

#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from the\n"
"same scope:"
msgstr ""
"Vous pouvez masquer des variables, à la fois celles des portées externes et celles des\n"
"même périmètre :"

#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let a = 10;\n"
"    println!(\"before: {a}\");\n"
"\n"
"    {\n"
"        let a = \"hello\";\n"
"        println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");\n"
"\n"
"        let a = true;\n"
"        println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"after: {a}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Definition: Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing both variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are "
"available under the same name, depending where you use it in the code. \n"
"* A shadowing variable can have a different type. \n"
"* Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values after `.unwrap()`.\n"
"* The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse memory locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if the "
"type does not change."
msgstr ""
"* Définition : l'occultation est différente de la mutation, car après l'occultation, les emplacements de mémoire des deux variables existent en même "
"temps. Les deux sont disponibles sous le même nom, selon l'endroit où vous l'utilisez dans le code.\n"
"* Une variable d'occultation peut avoir un type différent.\n"
"* L'ombrage semble obscur au début, mais est pratique pour conserver les valeurs après `.unwrap()`.\n"
"* Le code suivant montre pourquoi le compilateur ne peut pas simplement réutiliser les emplacements de mémoire lors de l'observation d'une variable "
"immuable dans une portée, même si le type ne change pas."

#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:30
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let a = 1;\n"
"    let b = &a;\n"
"    let a = a + 1;\n"
"    println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/memory-management.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Memory Management"
msgstr "# Gestion de la mémoire"

#: src/memory-management.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:"
msgstr "Traditionnellement, les langues se répartissent en deux grandes catégories :"

#: src/memory-management.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ...\n"
"* Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, Haskell, ..."
msgstr ""
"* Contrôle total via la gestion manuelle de la mémoire : C, C++, Pascal, ...\n"
"* Sécurité totale via la gestion automatique de la mémoire à l'exécution : Java, Python, Go, Haskell, ..."

#: src/memory-management.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust offers a new mix:"
msgstr "Rust propose un nouveau mix :"

#: src/memory-management.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"> Full control *and* safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory\n"
"> management."
msgstr ""
"> Contrôle total * et * sécurité via l'application du temps de compilation de la mémoire correcte\n"
"> gestion."

#: src/memory-management.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept."
msgstr "Il le fait avec un concept de propriété explicite."

#: src/memory-management.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works."
msgstr "Tout d'abord, rafraîchissons le fonctionnement de la gestion de la mémoire."

#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# The Stack vs The Heap"
msgstr "# La pile contre le tas"

#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables.\n"
"  * Values have fixed sizes known at compile time.\n"
"  * Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer.\n"
"  * Easy to manage: follows function calls.\n"
"  * Great memory locality.\n"
"\n"
"* Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls.\n"
"  * Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime.\n"
"  * Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed.\n"
"  * No guarantee of memory locality."
msgstr ""
"* Pile : Zone continue de mémoire pour les variables locales.\n"
"  * Les valeurs ont des tailles fixes connues au moment de la compilation.\n"
"  * Extrêmement rapide : il suffit de déplacer un pointeur de pile.\n"
"  * Facile à gérer : suit les appels de fonction.\n"
"  * Grande localité de mémoire.\n"
"\n"
"* Heap : Stockage de valeurs en dehors des appels de fonction.\n"
"  * Les valeurs ont des tailles dynamiques déterminées au moment de l'exécution.\n"
"  * Légèrement plus lent que la pile : une certaine comptabilité est nécessaire.\n"
"  * Aucune garantie de localisation de la mémoire."

#: src/memory-management/stack.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Stack Memory"
msgstr "# Mémoire de pile"

#: src/memory-management/stack.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized data on the stack and dynamically sized\n"
"data on the heap:"
msgstr ""
"La création d'une \"chaîne\" place des données de taille fixe sur la pile et dimensionnées dynamiquement\n"
"données sur le tas :"

#: src/memory-management/stack.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/memory-management/stack.md:12
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack                             Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.     .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
":                           :     :                               :\n"
":    s1                     :     :                               :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :     :   +----+----+----+----+----+  :\n"
":   | ptr       |   o---+---+-----+-->| H  | e  | l  | l  | o  |  :\n"
":   | len       |     5 |   :     :   +----+----+----+----+----+  :\n"
":   | capacity  |     5 |   :     :                               :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :     :                               :\n"
":                           :     `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/memory-management/stack.md:28
msgid ""
"* Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap.\n"
"\n"
"* If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap allocated using the [System Allocator] and custom allocators can be "
"implemented using the [Allocator API]\n"
"\n"
"* We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should point out that this is rightfully unsafe!\n"
"\n"
"    ```rust,editable\n"
"    fn main() {\n"
"        let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
"        s1.push(' ');\n"
"        s1.push_str(\"world\");\n"
"        // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n"
"        // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead to\n"
"        // undefined behavior.\n"
"        unsafe {\n"
"            let (capacity, ptr, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::transmute(s1);\n"
"            println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\");\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"    ```"
msgstr ""

#: src/memory-management/manual.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Manual Memory Management"
msgstr "# Gestion manuelle de la mémoire"

#: src/memory-management/manual.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself."
msgstr "Vous allouez et désallouez vous-même la mémoire de tas."

#: src/memory-management/manual.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security vulnerabilities, and memory leaks."
msgstr "Si cela n'est pas fait avec soin, cela peut entraîner des plantages, des bogues, des failles de sécurité et des fuites de mémoire."

#: src/memory-management/manual.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "## C Example"
msgstr "## C Exemple"

#: src/memory-management/manual.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:"
msgstr "Vous devez appeler `free` sur chaque pointeur que vous allouez avec `malloc` :"

#: src/memory-management/manual.md:11
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"void foo(size_t n) {\n"
"    int* int_array = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n"
"    //\n"
"    // ... lots of code\n"
"    //\n"
"    free(int_array);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/memory-management/manual.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and `free`: the\n"
"pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory."
msgstr ""
"La mémoire est perdue si la fonction revient tôt entre `malloc` et `free` : le\n"
"pointeur est perdu et nous ne pouvons pas désallouer la mémoire."

#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Scope-Based Memory Management"
msgstr "# Gestion de la mémoire basée sur la portée"

#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object."
msgstr "Les constructeurs et les destructeurs vous permettent de vous connecter à la durée de vie d'un objet."

#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object is\n"
"destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an exception is\n"
"raised."
msgstr ""
"En enveloppant un pointeur dans un objet, vous pouvez libérer de la mémoire lorsque l'objet est\n"
"détruit. Le compilateur garantit que cela se produit, même si une exception est\n"
"soulevé."

#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and gives\n"
"you smart pointers."
msgstr ""
"Ceci est souvent appelé _l'acquisition de ressources est initialisée_ (RAII) et donne\n"
"vous pointeurs intelligents."

#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "## C++ Example"
msgstr "## Exemple C++"

#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:14
msgid ""
"```c++\n"
"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr<Person> person) {\n"
"  std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to\n"
"  memory allocated on the heap.\n"
"* At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run.\n"
"* The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to."
msgstr ""
"* L'objet `std::unique_ptr` est alloué sur la pile et pointe vers\n"
"  mémoire allouée sur le tas.\n"
"* À la fin de `say_hello`, le destructeur `std::unique_ptr` s'exécutera.\n"
"* Le destructeur libère l'objet `Person` vers lequel il pointe."

#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:"
msgstr "Des constructeurs de mouvement spéciaux sont utilisés lors du transfert de propriété à une fonction :"

#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:27
msgid ""
"```c++\n"
"std::unique_ptr<Person> person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n"
"say_hello(std::move(person));\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Automatic Memory Management"
msgstr "# Gestion automatique de la mémoire"

#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic memory\n"
"management:"
msgstr ""
"Une alternative à la gestion manuelle et basée sur la portée de la mémoire est la mémoire automatique\n"
"gestion:"

#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly.\n"
"* A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the programmer."
msgstr ""
"* Le programmeur n'alloue ou ne libère jamais de mémoire explicitement.\n"
"* Un ramasse-miettes trouve la mémoire inutilisée et la libère pour le programmeur."

#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Java Example"
msgstr "## Exemple Java"

#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:"
msgstr "L'objet `person` n'est pas désalloué après le retour de `sayHello` :"

#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:13
msgid ""
"```java\n"
"void sayHello(Person person) {\n"
"  System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/memory-management/rust.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Memory Management in Rust"
msgstr "# Gestion de la mémoire avec Rust"

#: src/memory-management/rust.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:"
msgstr "La gestion de la mémoire avec Rust est un mélange :"

#: src/memory-management/rust.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector.\n"
"* Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you choose, can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically "
"reference counted.\n"
"* Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence.\n"
"* A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even have no cost at runtime like C."
msgstr ""
"* Sûr et correct comme Java, mais sans ramasse-miettes.\n"
"* Selon l'abstraction (ou la combinaison d'abstractions) que vous choisissez, il peut s'agir d'un seul pointeur unique, d'une référence comptée ou "
"d'une référence atomique comptée.\n"
"* Basé sur la portée comme C++, mais le compilateur applique une adhésion totale.\n"
"* Un utilisateur de Rust peut choisir la bonne abstraction pour la situation, certains n'ont même aucun coût à l'exécution comme C."

#: src/memory-management/rust.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "It achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly."
msgstr "Il y parvient en modélisant explicitement _ownership_."

#: src/memory-management/rust.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box], [Vec], [Rc], or [Arc]. These "
"encapsulate ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the potential errors in C.\n"
"\n"
"* You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop] trait is the Rust equivalent."
msgstr ""
"* Si on vous demande comment à ce stade, vous pouvez mentionner qu'avec Rust, cela est généralement géré par des types de wrapper RAII tels que "
"[Box], [Vec], [Rc] ou [Arc]. Ceux-ci encapsulent la propriété et l'allocation de mémoire par divers moyens et empêchent les erreurs potentielles "
"dans C.\n"
"\n"
"* Vous pouvez être interrogé sur les destructeurs ici, le trait [Drop] est l'équivalent de Rust."

#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Comparison"
msgstr "# Comparaison"

#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques."
msgstr "Voici une comparaison approximative des techniques de gestion de la mémoire."

#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques"
msgstr "## Avantages des différentes techniques de gestion de la mémoire"

#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Manual like C:\n"
"  * No runtime overhead.\n"
"* Automatic like Java:\n"
"  * Fully automatic.\n"
"  * Safe and correct.\n"
"* Scope-based like C++:\n"
"  * Partially automatic.\n"
"  * No runtime overhead.\n"
"* Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:\n"
"  * Enforced by compiler.\n"
"  * No runtime overhead.\n"
"  * Safe and correct."
msgstr ""
"* Manuel comme C :\n"
"  * Aucune surcharge d'exécution.\n"
"* Automatique comme Java :\n"
"  * Entièrement automatique.\n"
"  * Sûr et correct.\n"
"* Basé sur la portée comme C++ :\n"
"  * Partiellement automatique.\n"
"  * Aucune surcharge d'exécution.\n"
"* Basé sur la portée imposée par le compilateur comme Rust :\n"
"  * Appliqué par le compilateur.\n"
"  * Aucune surcharge d'exécution.\n"
"  * Sûr et correct."

#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques"
msgstr "## Inconvénients des différentes techniques de gestion de la mémoire"

#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Manual like C:\n"
"  * Use-after-free.\n"
"  * Double-frees.\n"
"  * Memory leaks.\n"
"* Automatic like Java:\n"
"  * Garbage collection pauses.\n"
"  * Destructor delays.\n"
"* Scope-based like C++:\n"
"  * Complex, opt-in by programmer.\n"
"  * Potential for use-after-free.\n"
"* Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:\n"
"  * Some upfront complexity.\n"
"  * Can reject valid programs."
msgstr ""
"* Manuel comme C :\n"
"  * Utiliser-après-libre.\n"
"  * Double-gratuit.\n"
"  * Fuites de mémoire.\n"
"* Automatique comme Java :\n"
"  * La collecte des ordures s'arrête.\n"
"  * Retards de destructeur.\n"
"* Basé sur la portée comme C++ :\n"
"  * Complexe, opt-in par le programmeur.\n"
"  * Potentiel d'utilisation-après-libre.\n"
"* Renforcé par le compilateur et basé sur la portée comme Rust :\n"
"  * Une certaine complexité initiale.\n"
"  * Peut rejeter les programmes valides."

#: src/ownership.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Ownership"
msgstr "# La possession"

#: src/ownership.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error to\n"
"use a variable outside its scope:"
msgstr ""
"Toutes les liaisons de variables ont un _scope_ où elles sont valides et c'est une erreur de\n"
"utiliser une variable en dehors de sa portée :"

#: src/ownership.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    {\n"
"        let p = Point(3, 4);\n"
"        println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n"
"    }\n"
"    println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed.\n"
"* A destructor can run here to free up resources.\n"
"* We say that the variable _owns_ the value."
msgstr ""
"* A la fin du scope, la variable est _dropped_ et les données sont libérées.\n"
"* Un destructeur peut s'exécuter ici pour libérer des ressources.\n"
"* On dit que la variable _possède_ la valeur."

#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Move Semantics"
msgstr "# Déplacer la sémantique"

#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "An assignment will transfer ownership between variables:"
msgstr "Une affectation transférera la propriété entre les variables :"

#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n"
"    let s2: String = s1;\n"
"    println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
"    // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership.\n"
"* The data was _moved_ from `s1` and `s1` is no longer accessible.\n"
"* When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it has no ownership.\n"
"* When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed.\n"
"* There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value."
msgstr ""
"* L'affectation de `s1` à `s2` transfère la propriété.\n"
"* Les données ont été _déplacées_ de `s1` et `s1` n'est plus accessible.\n"
"* Lorsque `s1` sort de la portée, rien ne se passe : il n'a pas de propriété.\n"
"* Lorsque `s2` sort de la portée, les données de la chaîne sont libérées.\n"
"* Il y a toujours _exactement_ une liaison de variable qui possède une valeur."

#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is "
"defined!).\n"
"\n"
"* In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)."
msgstr ""
"* Mentionnez que c'est l'opposé des valeurs par défaut en C++, qui copie par valeur à moins que vous n'utilisiez `std::move` (et que le constructeur "
"de déplacement soit défini !).\n"
"\n"
"* Dans Rust, les clones sont explicites (en utilisant `clone`)."

#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Moved Strings in Rust"
msgstr "# Chaînes déplacées dans Rust"

#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n"
"    let s2: String = s1;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`.\n"
"* When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)."
msgstr ""
"* Les données de tas de `s1` sont réutilisées pour `s2`.\n"
"* Lorsque `s1` sort de la portée, rien ne se passe (il a été déplacé de)."

#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "Before move to `s2`:"
msgstr "Avant de passer à `s2` :"

#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:15
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack                             Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.     .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
":                           :     :                           :\n"
":    s1                     :     :                           :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :     :   +----+----+----+----+   :\n"
":   | ptr       |   o---+---+-----+-->| R  | u  | s  | t  |   :\n"
":   | len       |     4 |   :     :   +----+----+----+----+   :\n"
":   | capacity  |     4 |   :     :                           :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :     :                           :\n"
":                           :     `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
":                           :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "After move to `s2`:"
msgstr "Après le passage à `s2` :"

#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:32
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack                             Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.     .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
":                           :     :                           :\n"
":    s1 \"(inaccessible)\"    :     :                           :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :     :   +----+----+----+----+   :\n"
":   | ptr       |   o---+---+--+--+-->| R  | u  | s  | t  |   :\n"
":   | len       |     4 |   :  |  :   +----+----+----+----+   :\n"
":   | capacity  |     4 |   :  |  :                           :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :  |  :                           :\n"
":                           :  |  `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
":    s2                     :  |\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :  |\n"
":   | ptr       |   o---+---+--'\n"
":   | len       |     4 |   :\n"
":   | capacity  |     4 |   :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :\n"
":                           :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Double Frees in Modern C++"
msgstr "# Double Frees en C++ moderne"

#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:"
msgstr "Le C++ moderne résout cela différemment :"

#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:5
msgid ""
"```c++\n"
"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n"
"std::string s2 = s1;  // Duplicate the data in s1.\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy.\n"
"* When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory."
msgstr ""
"* Les données de tas de `s1` sont dupliquées et `s2` obtient sa propre copie indépendante.\n"
"* Lorsque `s1` et `s2` sortent de la portée, ils libèrent chacun leur propre mémoire."

#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "Before copy-assignment:"
msgstr "Avant l'affectation de copie :"

#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:16
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack                             Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.     .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
":                           :     :                       :\n"
":    s1                     :     :                       :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :     :   +----+----+----+    :\n"
":   | ptr       |   o---+---+--+--+-->| C  | p  | p  |    :\n"
":   | len       |     3 |   :     :   +----+----+----+    :\n"
":   | capacity  |     3 |   :     :                       :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :     :                       :\n"
":                           :     `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "After copy-assignment:"
msgstr "Après l'affectation de copie :"

#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:32
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack                             Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.     .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
":                           :     :                       :\n"
":    s1                     :     :                       :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :     :   +----+----+----+    :\n"
":   | ptr       |   o---+---+--+--+-->| C  | p  | p  |    :\n"
":   | len       |     3 |   :     :   +----+----+----+    :\n"
":   | capacity  |     3 |   :     :                       :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :     :                       :\n"
":                           :     :                       :\n"
":    s2                     :     :                       :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :     :   +----+----+----+    :\n"
":   | ptr       |   o---+---+-----+-->| C  | p  | p  |    :\n"
":   | len       |     3 |   :     :   +----+----+----+    :\n"
":   | capacity  |     3 |   :     :                       :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :     :                       :\n"
":                           :     `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Moves in Function Calls"
msgstr "# Déplacements dans les appels de fonction"

#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function\n"
"parameter. This transfers ownership:"
msgstr ""
"Lorsque vous transmettez une valeur à une fonction, la valeur est affectée à la fonction\n"
"paramètre. Cela transfère la propriété :"

#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn say_hello(name: String) {\n"
"    println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n"
"    say_hello(name);\n"
"    // say_hello(name);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`.\n"
"* The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the `say_hello` function.\n"
"* `main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter.\n"
"* Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name.clone()`).\n"
"* Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones "
"explicit."
msgstr ""
"* Avec le premier appel à `say_hello`, `main` abandonne la propriété de `name`. Ensuite, `name` ne peut plus être utilisé dans `main`.\n"
"* La mémoire de tas allouée pour `name` sera libérée à la fin de la fonction `say_hello`.\n"
"* `main` peut conserver la propriété s'il passe `name` comme référence (`&name`) et si `say_hello` accepte une référence comme paramètre.\n"
"* Alternativement, `main` peut passer un clone de `name` dans le premier appel (`name.clone()`).\n"
"* Rust rend plus difficile que C++ la création de copies par inadvertance en faisant de la sémantique de déplacement la valeur par défaut et en "
"forçant les programmeurs à rendre les clones explicites."

#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Copying and Cloning"
msgstr "# Copie et clonage"

#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:"
msgstr "Bien que la sémantique de déplacement soit la valeur par défaut, certains types sont copiés par défaut :"

#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let x = 42;\n"
"    let y = x;\n"
"    println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
"    println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait."
msgstr "Ces types implémentent le trait \"Copier\"."

#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez activer vos propres types pour utiliser la sémantique de copie :"

#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:18
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
"    let p2 = p1;\n"
"    println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n"
"    println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data.\n"
"* We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data."
msgstr ""
"* Après l'affectation, `p1` et `p2` possèdent leurs propres données.\n"
"* Nous pouvons également utiliser `p1.clone()` pour copier explicitement les données."

#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:"
msgstr "La copie et le clonage ne sont pas la même chose :"

#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on arbitrary objects.\n"
"* Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++).\n"
"* Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by implementing the `Clone` trait.\n"
"* Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait."
msgstr ""
"* La copie fait référence aux copies au niveau du bit des régions de mémoire et ne fonctionne pas sur des objets arbitraires.\n"
"* La copie ne permet pas de logique personnalisée (contrairement aux constructeurs de copie en C++).\n"
"* Le clonage est une opération plus générale et permet également un comportement personnalisé en implémentant le trait \"Cloner\".\n"
"* La copie ne fonctionne pas sur les types qui implémentent le trait `Drop`."

#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:42 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid "In the above example, try the following:"
msgstr "Dans l'exemple ci-dessus, essayez ce qui suit :"

#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` is not a `Copy` type.\n"
"* Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the `println!` for  `p1`.\n"
"* Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead."
msgstr ""
"* Ajoutez un champ `String` à `struct Point`. Il ne sera pas compilé car `String` n'est pas un type `Copy`.\n"
"* Supprimer `Copy` de l'attribut `derive`. L'erreur du compilateur est maintenant dans `println!` pour `p1`.\n"
"* Montrez que cela fonctionne si vous clonez `p1` à la place."

#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a way to generate code in Rust\n"
"at compile time. In this case the default implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated."
msgstr ""
"Si les étudiants posent des questions sur \"dériver\", il suffit de dire que c'est un moyen de générer du code dans Rust\n"
"au moment de la compilation. Dans ce cas, les implémentations par défaut des traits `Copy` et `Clone` sont générées."

#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Borrowing"
msgstr "# Emprunter"

#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, you can let a\n"
"function _borrow_ the value:"
msgstr ""
"Au lieu de transférer la propriété lors de l'appel d'une fonction, vous pouvez laisser une\n"
"la fonction _emprunte_ la valeur :"

#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
"    Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
"    let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
"    let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
"    println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point.\n"
"* The caller retains ownership of the inputs."
msgstr ""
"* La fonction `add` _emprunte_ deux points et renvoie un nouveau point.\n"
"* L'appelant conserve la propriété des entrées."

#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "Notes on stack returns:"
msgstr "Remarques sur les retours de pile :"

#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:28
msgid ""
"* Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack "
"addresses and run it on the [Playground]. In the \"DEBUG\" optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay the same when changing "
"to the \"RELEASE\" setting:\n"
"\n"
"  ```rust,editable\n"
"  #[derive(Debug)]\n"
"  struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"  fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
"      let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n"
"      println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n"
"      p\n"
"  }\n"
"\n"
"  fn main() {\n"
"      let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
"      let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
"      let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
"      println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n"
"      println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
"  }\n"
"  ```\n"
"* The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO).\n"
"* In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because constructors can have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at "
"all. If RVO did not happen, Rust will always performs a simple and efficient `memcpy` copy."
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Shared and Unique Borrows"
msgstr "# Emprunts partagés et uniques"

#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values:"
msgstr "Rust impose des contraintes sur la manière dont vous pouvez emprunter des valeurs :"

#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* You can have one or more `&T` values at any given time, _or_\n"
"* You can have exactly one `&mut T` value."
msgstr ""
"* Vous pouvez avoir une ou plusieurs valeurs `&T` à tout moment, _ou_\n"
"* Vous pouvez avoir exactement une valeur `&mut T`."

#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut a: i32 = 10;\n"
"    let b: &i32 = &a;\n"
"\n"
"    {\n"
"        let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n"
"        *c = 20;\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
"    println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through `c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time.\n"
"* Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` to make the code compile.\n"
"* After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the "
"borrow checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"."
msgstr ""
"* Le code ci-dessus ne se compile pas car 'a' est emprunté comme mutable (via 'c') et comme immuable (via 'b') en même temps.\n"
"* Déplacez l'instruction `println!` pour `b` avant la portée qui introduit `c` pour que le code soit compilé.\n"
"* Après ce changement, le compilateur se rend compte que 'b' n'est utilisé qu'avant le nouvel emprunt mutable de 'a' à 'c'. Il s'agit d'une "
"fonctionnalité du vérificateur d'emprunt appelée \"durées de vie non lexicales\"."

#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Lifetimes"
msgstr "# Durées de vie"

#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:"
msgstr "Une valeur empruntée a une _durée de vie_ :"

#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:5
msgid ""
"* The lifetime can be elided: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`.\n"
"* Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`.\n"
"* Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the\n"
"  lifetime `a`\".\n"
"* Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime\n"
"  yourself.\n"
"  * Lifetime annotations create constraints; the compiler verifies that there is\n"
"    a valid solution."
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Lifetimes in Function Calls"
msgstr "# Durées de vie dans les appels de fonction"

#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed value:"
msgstr "En plus d'emprunter ses arguments, une fonction peut renvoyer une valeur empruntée :"

#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
"    if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
"    let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
"    let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
"    println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler.\n"
"* Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name.\n"
"* Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the\n"
"  lifetime `a`\".\n"
"  * The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes."
msgstr ""
"* `'a` est un paramètre générique, il est déduit par le compilateur.\n"
"* Les durées de vie commencent par `'` et `'a` est un nom par défaut typique.\n"
"* Lire `&'a Point` comme \"un `Point` emprunté qui est valide pour au moins\n"
"  durée de vie 'a'\".\n"
"  * La partie _au moins_ est importante lorsque les paramètres sont dans des portées différentes."

#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:31
msgid ""
"* Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a a new scope (`{ ... }`), resulting in the following code:\n"
"  ```rust,ignore\n"
"  #[derive(Debug)]\n"
"  struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"  fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
"      if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
"  }\n"
"\n"
"  fn main() {\n"
"      let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
"      let p3: &Point;\n"
"      {\n"
"          let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
"          p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
"      }\n"
"      println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
"  }\n"
"  ```\n"
"  Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`.\n"
"\n"
"* Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will not compile "
"because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` is unclear.\n"
"* Another way to explain it:\n"
"  * Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function returns\n"
"    another reference.\n"
"  * It must have come from one of those two inputs (or from a global variable).\n"
"  * Which one is it? The compiler needs to to know, so at the call site the returned reference is not used\n"
"    for longer than a variable from where the reference came from."
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Lifetimes in Data Structures"
msgstr "# Durées de vie dans les structures de données"

#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:"
msgstr "Si un type de données stocke des données empruntées, il doit être annoté avec une durée de vie :"

#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n"
"\n"
"fn erase(text: String) {\n"
"    println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\");\n"
"    let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n"
"    let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n"
"    // erase(text);\n"
"    println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n"
"    println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance "
"of `Highlight` that uses that data.\n"
"* If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), the borrow checker throws an error.\n"
"* Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes "
"them somewhat harder to use.\n"
"* When possible, make data structures own their data directly.\n"
"* Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe "
"lifetime relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the lifetime of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases."
msgstr ""
"* Dans l'exemple ci-dessus, l'annotation sur `Highlight` impose que les données sous-jacentes au `&str` contenu vivent au moins aussi longtemps que "
"toute instance de `Highlight` qui utilise ces données.\n"
"* Si `text` est consommé avant la fin de la durée de vie de `fox` (ou `dog`), le vérificateur d'emprunt génère une erreur.\n"
"* Les types avec des données empruntées obligent les utilisateurs à conserver les données d'origine. Cela peut être utile pour créer des vues "
"légères, mais cela les rend généralement un peu plus difficiles à utiliser.\n"
"* Dans la mesure du possible, faites en sorte que les structures de données soient directement propriétaires de leurs données.\n"
"* Certaines structures contenant plusieurs références peuvent avoir plusieurs annotations de durée de vie. Cela peut être nécessaire s'il est "
"nécessaire de décrire les relations de durée de vie entre les références elles-mêmes, en plus de la durée de vie de la structure elle-même. Ce sont "
"des cas d'utilisation très avancés."

#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 1: Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "# Jour 1 : Exercices de l'après-midi"

#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at two things:"
msgstr "Nous allons regarder deux choses :"

#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* A small book library,\n"
"\n"
"* Iterators and ownership (hard)."
msgstr ""
"* Une petite bibliothèque de livres,\n"
"\n"
"* Itérateurs et propriété (difficile)."

#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Designing a Library"
msgstr "# Concevoir une bibliothèque"

#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec<T>` type tomorrow. For now,\n"
"you just need to know part of its API:"
msgstr ""
"Nous en apprendrons beaucoup plus sur les structures et le type `Vec<T>` demain. Pour l'instant,\n"
"vous avez juste besoin de connaître une partie de son API :"

#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n"
"    vec.push(30);\n"
"    println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[vec.len() / 2]);\n"
"    for item in vec.iter() {\n"
"        println!(\"item: {item}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use this to create a library application. Copy the code below to\n"
"<https://play.rust-lang.org/> and update the types to make it compile:"
msgstr ""
"Utilisez-le pour créer une application de bibliothèque. Copiez le code ci-dessous pour\n"
"<https://play.rust-lang.org/> et mettez à jour les types pour le faire compiler :"

#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:20
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"\n"
"struct Library {\n"
"    books: Vec<Book>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Book {\n"
"    title: String,\n"
"    year: u16,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Book {\n"
"    // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
"    fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
"        Book {\n"
"            title: String::from(title),\n"
"            year,\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n"
"impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n"
"    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n"
"        write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Library {\n"
"    fn new() -> Library {\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
"    //    unimplemented!()\n"
"    //}\n"
"\n"
"    //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
"    //    unimplemented!()\n"
"    //}\n"
"\n"
"    //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
"    //    unimplemented!()\n"
"    //}\n"
"\n"
"    //fn print_books(self) {\n"
"    //    unimplemented!()\n"
"    //}\n"
"\n"
"    //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
"    //    unimplemented!()\n"
"    //}\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let library = Library::new();\n"
"\n"
"    //println!(\"Our library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n"
"\n"
"    let favorite_book = Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954);\n"
"    println!(\"Our favorite book {favorite_book} should go in the library\");\n"
"    //library.add_book(favorite_book);\n"
"    //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
"    //\n"
"    //library.print_books();\n"
"    //\n"
"    //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
"    //    Some(book) => println!(\"My oldest book is {book}\"),\n"
"    //    None => println!(\"My library is empty!\"),\n"
"    //}\n"
"    //\n"
"    //println!(\"Our library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
"    for book in library.books {\n"
"        println!(\"{book}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:104
#, fuzzy
msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
msgstr "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Iterators and Ownership"
msgstr "# Itérateurs et propriété"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the\n"
"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and\n"
"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html)\n"
"traits."
msgstr ""
"Le modèle de propriété de Rust affecte de nombreuses API. Un exemple en est le\n"
"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) et\n"
"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html)\n"
"caractéristiques."

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `Iterator`"
msgstr "## `Itérateur`"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. The\n"
"`Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get `None` back:"
msgstr ""
"Les traits sont comme des interfaces : ils décrivent le comportement (méthodes) d'un type. Le\n"
"Le trait `Iterator` indique simplement que vous pouvez appeler `next` jusqu'à ce que vous obteniez `None` :"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:13
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"pub trait Iterator {\n"
"    type Item;\n"
"    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item>;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "You use this trait like this:"
msgstr "Vous utilisez ce trait comme ceci :"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:22
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
"    let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
"    println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
"    println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
"    println!(\"No more items: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:"
msgstr "Quel est le type retourné par l'itérateur ? Testez votre réponse ici :"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:36
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
"    let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
"\n"
"    let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
"    println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "Why is this type used?"
msgstr "Pourquoi ce type est-il utilisé ?"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `IntoIterator`"
msgstr "## `IntoIterator`"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an\n"
"iterator. The related trait `IntoIterator` tells you how to create the iterator:"
msgstr ""
"Le trait `Iterator` vous indique comment _itérer_ une fois que vous avez créé un\n"
"itérateur. Le trait connexe \"IntoIterator\" vous indique comment créer l'itérateur :"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:53
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"pub trait IntoIterator {\n"
"    type Item;\n"
"    type IntoIter: Iterator<Item = Self::Item>;\n"
"\n"
"    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The syntax here means that every implementation of `IntoIterator` must\n"
"declare two types:"
msgstr ""
"La syntaxe ici signifie que chaque implémentation de `IntoIterator` doit\n"
"déclarer deux types :"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:65
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Item`: the type we iterate over, such as `i8`,\n"
"* `IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method."
msgstr ""
"* `Item` : le type sur lequel nous itérons, tel que `i8`,\n"
"* `IntoIter` : le type `Iterator` renvoyé par la méthode `into_iter`."

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:68
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same\n"
"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option<Item>`"
msgstr ""
"Notez que `IntoIter` et `Item` sont liés : l'itérateur doit avoir le même\n"
"Type `Item`, ce qui signifie qu'il renvoie `Option<Item>`"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:71
#, fuzzy
msgid "Like before, what  is the type returned by the iterator?"
msgstr "Comme précédemment, quel est le type retourné par l'itérateur ?"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:73
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];\n"
"    let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
"\n"
"    let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
"    println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:83
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `for` Loops"
msgstr "## Boucles `for`"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:85
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` loops.\n"
"They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the resulting\n"
"iterator:"
msgstr ""
"Maintenant que nous connaissons à la fois `Iterator` et `IntoIterator`, nous pouvons construire des boucles `for`.\n"
"Ils appellent `into_iter()` sur une expression et itèrent sur le résultat\n"
"itérateur :"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:89
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];\n"
"\n"
"    for word in &v {\n"
"        println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    for word in v {\n"
"        println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:103
#, fuzzy
msgid "What is the type of `word` in each loop?"
msgstr "Quel est le type de \"mot\" dans chaque boucle ?"

#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:105
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for [`impl\n"
"IntoIterator for\n"
"&Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
"and [`impl IntoIterator for\n"
"Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
"to check your answers."
msgstr ""
"Expérimentez avec le code ci-dessus, puis consultez la documentation de [`impl\n"
"IntoIterator pour\n"
"&Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
"et [`impl IntoIterator for\n"
"Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
"pour vérifier vos réponses."

#: src/welcome-day-2.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Welcome to Day 2"
msgstr "# Bienvenue au jour 2"

#: src/welcome-day-2.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, we will continue with:"
msgstr "Maintenant que nous avons vu une bonne quantité de Rust, nous allons continuer avec :"

#: src/welcome-day-2.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Structs, enums, methods.\n"
"\n"
"* Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays.\n"
"\n"
"* Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, and\n"
"  `continue`.\n"
"\n"
"* The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc`\n"
"  and `Arc`.\n"
"\n"
"* Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy."
msgstr ""
"* Structures, énumérations, méthodes.\n"
"\n"
"* Pattern matching : déstructuration des énumérations, des structures et des tableaux.\n"
"\n"
"* Constructions de flux de contrôle : `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break` et\n"
"  'continuer'.\n"
"\n"
"* La bibliothèque standard : `String`, `Option` et `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc`\n"
"  et \"Arc\".\n"
"\n"
"* Modules : visibilité, chemins et hiérarchie du système de fichiers."

#: src/structs.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Structs"
msgstr "# Structures"

#: src/structs.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:"
msgstr "Comme C et C++, Rust prend en charge les structures personnalisées :"

#: src/structs.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Person {\n"
"    name: String,\n"
"    age: u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut peter = Person {\n"
"        name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
"        age: 27,\n"
"    };\n"
"    println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
"    \n"
"    peter.age = 28;\n"
"    println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
"    \n"
"    let jackie = Person {\n"
"        name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n"
"        ..peter\n"
"    };\n"
"    println!(\"{} is {} years old\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/structs.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<details>\n"
"Key Points: "
msgstr ""
"<détails>\n"
"Points clés:"

#: src/structs.md:32
msgid ""
"* Structs work like in C or C++.\n"
"  * Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type.\n"
"  * Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs.\n"
"* Methods are defined in an `impl` block, which we will see in following slides.\n"
"* This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of structs. \n"
"  * Zero-sized structs `e.g., struct Foo;` might be used when implementing a trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in "
"the value itself. \n"
"  * The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are not important.\n"
"* The syntax `..peter` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always "
"be the last element."
msgstr ""

#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Tuple Structs"
msgstr "# Structures de tuple"

#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:"
msgstr "Si les noms de champ ne sont pas importants, vous pouvez utiliser une structure tuple :"

#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let p = Point(17, 23);\n"
"    println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):"
msgstr "Ceci est souvent utilisé pour les wrappers à champ unique (appelés newtypes):"

#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:16
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"struct PoundOfForce(f64);\n"
"struct Newtons(f64);\n"
"\n"
"fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundOfForce {\n"
"    todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n"
"    // ...\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let force = compute_thruster_force();\n"
"    set_thruster_force(force);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in a primitive type, for example:\n"
"  * The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above.\n"
"  * The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have to validate it again at every use: 'PhoneNumber(String)` or "
"`OddNumber(u32)`.\n"
"* Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the single field in the newtype.\n"
"  *  Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or for instance using booleans as integers.\n"
"  *  Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics). "
msgstr ""
"* Les nouveaux types sont un excellent moyen d'encoder des informations supplémentaires sur la valeur dans un type primitif, par exemple :\n"
"  * Le nombre est mesuré dans certaines unités : `Newtons` dans l'exemple ci-dessus.\n"
"  * La valeur a été validée lors de sa création, vous n'avez donc plus besoin de la valider à chaque utilisation : 'PhoneNumber(String)` ou "
"`OddNumber(u32)`.\n"
"* Montrez comment ajouter une valeur `f64` à un type `Newtons` en accédant au champ unique dans le nouveau type.\n"
"  * Rust n'aime généralement pas les choses inexplicites, comme le déballage automatique ou, par exemple, l'utilisation de booléens comme entiers.\n"
"  * La surcharge des opérateurs est discutée le jour 3 (génériques)."

#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Field Shorthand Syntax"
msgstr "# Syntaxe abrégée du champ"

#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the\n"
"struct using a shorthand:"
msgstr ""
"Si vous avez déjà des variables avec les bons noms, vous pouvez créer le\n"
"struct en utilisant un raccourci :"

#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Person {\n"
"    name: String,\n"
"    age: u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Person {\n"
"    fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n"
"        Person { name, age }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n"
"    println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:27
msgid ""
"*  The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is interchangeable with the struct type name\n"
"\n"
"     ```rust,editable\n"
"     #[derive(Debug)]\n"
"     struct Person {\n"
"         name: String,\n"
"         age: u8,\n"
"     }\n"
"     impl Person {\n"
"         fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n"
"             Self { name, age }\n"
"         }\n"
"     }\n"
"     ```    \n"
"* Implement the `Default` trait for the struct. Define some fields and use the default values for the other fields.\n"
"\n"
"     ```rust,editable\n"
"     #[derive(Debug)]\n"
"     struct Person {\n"
"         name: String,\n"
"         age: u8,\n"
"     }\n"
"     impl Default for Person {\n"
"         fn default() -> Person {\n"
"             Person {\n"
"                 name: \"Bot\".to_string(),\n"
"                 age: 0,\n"
"             }\n"
"         }\n"
"     }\n"
"     fn create_default() {\n"
"         let tmp = Person {\n"
"             ..Default::default()\n"
"         };\n"
"         let tmp = Person {\n"
"             name: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n"
"             ..Default::default()\n"
"         };\n"
"     }\n"
"     ```\n"
"\n"
"* Methods are defined in the `impl` block.\n"
"* Use struct update syntax to define a new structure using `peter`. Note that the variable `peter` will no longer be accessible afterwards.\n"
"* Use `{:#?}` when printing structs to request the `Debug` representation."
msgstr ""

#: src/enums.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Enums"
msgstr "# Énumérations"

#: src/enums.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few\n"
"different variants:"
msgstr ""
"Le mot clé `enum` permet la création d'un type qui a quelques\n"
"différentes variantes :"

#: src/enums.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n"
"    4  // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"enum CoinFlip {\n"
"    Heads,\n"
"    Tails,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n"
"    let random_number = generate_random_number();\n"
"    if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n"
"        return CoinFlip::Heads;\n"
"    } else {\n"
"        return CoinFlip::Tails;\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/enums.md:33 src/enums/sizes.md:29 src/methods.md:30 src/methods/example.md:46 src/pattern-matching.md:25 src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:22
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid "Key Points:"
msgstr "Points clés:"

#: src/enums.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type\n"
"* This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and `Tail`. You might note the namespace when using variants.\n"
"* This might be a good time to compare Structs and Enums:\n"
"  * In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one with different types of fields (variant payloads). \n"
"  * In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block.\n"
"  * You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they "
"were all defined in an enum. "
msgstr ""
"* Les énumérations vous permettent de collecter un ensemble de valeurs sous un type\n"
"* Cette page propose un type d'énumération `CoinFlip` avec deux variantes `Heads` et `Tail`. Vous pouvez noter l'espace de noms lors de "
"l'utilisation de variantes.\n"
"* C'est peut-être le bon moment pour comparer Structs et Enums :\n"
"  * Dans les deux cas, vous pouvez avoir une version simple sans champs (structure d'unité) ou une version avec différents types de champs (charges "
"utiles variantes).\n"
"  * Dans les deux cas, les fonctions associées sont définies dans un bloc `impl`.\n"
"  * Vous pouvez même implémenter les différentes variantes d'une énumération avec des structures distinctes, mais elles ne seraient alors pas du "
"même type que si elles étaient toutes définies dans une énumération."

#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Variant Payloads"
msgstr "# Charges utiles variantes"

#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then use the\n"
"`match` statement to extract the data from each variant:"
msgstr ""
"Vous pouvez définir des énumérations plus riches où les variantes transportent des données. Vous pouvez ensuite utiliser le\n"
"instruction `match` pour extraire les données de chaque variante :"

#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"enum WebEvent {\n"
"    PageLoad,                 // Variant without payload\n"
"    KeyPress(char),           // Tuple struct variant\n"
"    Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
"fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
"    match event {\n"
"        WebEvent::PageLoad       => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n"
"        WebEvent::KeyPress(c)    => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n"
"        WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n"
"    let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n"
"    let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };\n"
"\n"
"    inspect(load);\n"
"    inspect(press);\n"
"    inspect(click);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern matched. The pattern binds references to the fields in the \"match arm\" "
"after the `=>`.\n"
"  * The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There is no fall-through like in C or C++.\n"
"  * The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in the match arm which was executed.\n"
"  * Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then run the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. \n"
"* Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are "
"handled. \n"
"* `match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`.\n"
"* It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::discriminant()`\n"
"  * This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs where comparing field values doesn't affect equality.\n"
"* `WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined version cannot "
"implement traits, for example.  \n"
"  "
msgstr ""
"* Les valeurs des variantes enum ne sont accessibles qu'après avoir été mises en correspondance avec le modèle. Le modèle lie les références aux "
"champs dans le \"match arm\" après le `=>`.\n"
"  * L'expression est comparée aux modèles de haut en bas. Il n'y a pas de basculement comme en C ou C++.\n"
"  * L'expression de correspondance a une valeur. La valeur est la dernière expression du bras de correspondance qui a été exécutée.\n"
"  * En partant du haut, nous cherchons quel modèle correspond à la valeur, puis exécutons le code en suivant la flèche. Une fois que nous trouvons "
"une correspondance, nous nous arrêtons.\n"
"* Démontrer ce qui se passe lorsque la recherche est inépuisable. Notez l'avantage que le compilateur Rust fournit en confirmant quand tous les cas "
"sont traités.\n"
"* `match` inspecte un champ discriminant caché dans `enum`.\n"
"* Il est possible de récupérer le discriminant en appelant `std::mem::discriminant()`\n"
"  * Ceci est utile, par exemple, si vous implémentez `PartialEq` pour des structures où la comparaison des valeurs de champ n'affecte pas "
"l'égalité.\n"
"* `WebEvent::Click { ... }` n'est pas exactement le même que `WebEvent::Click(Click)` avec un niveau supérieur `struct Click { ... }`. La version en "
"ligne ne peut pas implémenter de traits, par exemple.\n"
"  "

#: src/enums/sizes.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Enum Sizes"
msgstr "# Tailles d'énumération"

#: src/enums/sizes.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into account:"
msgstr "Les énumérations de rouille sont emballées étroitement, en tenant compte des contraintes dues à l'alignement :"

#: src/enums/sizes.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n"
"\n"
"macro_rules! dbg_size {\n"
"    ($t:ty) => {\n"
"        println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n"
"                 stringify!($t), size_of::<$t>(), align_of::<$t>());\n"
"    };\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"enum Foo {\n"
"    A,\n"
"    B,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    dbg_size!(Foo);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/enums/sizes.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "* See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html)."
msgstr "* Voir la [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html)."

#: src/enums/sizes.md:31
msgid ""
" * Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum variant.\n"
"\n"
" * You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):\n"
" \n"
"     ```rust,editable\n"
"     #[repr(u32)]\n"
"     enum Bar {\n"
"         A,  // 0\n"
"         B = 10000,\n"
"         C,  // 10001\n"
"     }\n"
"     \n"
"     fn main() {\n"
"         println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n"
"         println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n"
"         println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n"
"     }\n"
"     ```\n"
"\n"
"    Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2\n"
"    bytes.\n"
"\n"
"\n"
" * Try out other types such as\n"
" \n"
"     * `dbg_size!(bool)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes,\n"
"     * `dbg_size!(Option<bool>)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes (niche optimization, see below),\n"
"     * `dbg_size!(&i32)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (on a 64-bit machine),\n"
"     * `dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (null pointer optimization, see below).\n"
"\n"
" * Niche optimization: Rust will merge use unused bit patterns for the enum\n"
"   discriminant.\n"
"\n"
" * Null pointer optimization: For [some\n"
"   types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/#representation), Rust guarantees\n"
"   that `size_of::<T>()` equals `size_of::<Option<T>>()`.\n"
"\n"
"     Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation *may* look like in practice.\n"
"     It's important to note that the compiler provides no guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe.\n"
"\n"
"     ```rust,editable\n"
"     use std::mem::transmute;\n"
"\n"
"     macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n"
"         ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n"
"             println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, $bit_type>($e));\n"
"         };\n"
"     }\n"
"\n"
"     fn main() {\n"
"         // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
"         // representation of types.\n"
"         unsafe {\n"
"             println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n"
"             dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n"
"             dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n"
"\n"
"             println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<bool>\");\n"
"             dbg_bits!(None::<bool>, u8);\n"
"             dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n"
"             dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n"
"\n"
"             println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<Option<bool>>\");\n"
"             dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n"
"             dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n"
"             dbg_bits!(Some(None::<bool>), u8);\n"
"             dbg_bits!(None::<Option<bool>>, u8);\n"
"\n"
"             println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n"
"             dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n"
"             dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n"
"         }\n"
"     }\n"
"     ```\n"
"\n"
"     More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain more than 256 `Option`s together.\n"
"\n"
"     ```rust,editable\n"
"     #![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n"
"\n"
"     use std::mem::transmute;\n"
"     \n"
"     macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n"
"         ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n"
"             println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, $bit_type>($e));\n"
"         };\n"
"     }\n"
"\n"
"     // Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" signs.\n"
"     // Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n"
"     macro_rules! many_options {\n"
"         ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n"
"         ($value:expr, @) => {\n"
"             Some(Some($value))\n"
"         };\n"
"         ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n"
"             many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n"
"         };\n"
"     }\n"
"\n"
"     fn main() {\n"
"         // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
"         // representation of types.\n"
"         unsafe {\n"
"             assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n"
"             assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n"
"             assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n"
"\n"
"             println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's.\");\n"
"             dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
"             dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
"\n"
"             println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's.\");\n"
"             dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
"             dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
"\n"
"             println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's.\");\n"
"             dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
"             dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
"             dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::<bool>, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
"         }\n"
"     }\n"
"     ```"
msgstr ""

#: src/methods.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with an\n"
"`impl` block:"
msgstr ""
"Rust vous permet d'associer des fonctions à vos nouveaux types. Vous faites cela avec un\n"
"Bloc `impl` :"

#: src/methods.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Person {\n"
"    name: String,\n"
"    age: u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Person {\n"
"    fn say_hello(&self) {\n"
"        println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let peter = Person {\n"
"        name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
"        age: 27,\n"
"    };\n"
"    peter.say_hello();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/methods.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions.\n"
"  * Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the first parameter represents the instance as `self`.\n"
"  * Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can "
"keep all the implementation code in one predictable place.\n"
"* Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver. \n"
"  * Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self:&Self` and perhaps show how the struct name could also be used. \n"
"  * Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and can be used elsewhere in the block.\n"
"  * Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to refer to individual fields.\n"
"  * This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` by modifying the code and trying to run say_hello twice.  \n"
"* We describe the distinction between method receivers next.\n"
"   "
msgstr ""
"* Il peut être utile d'introduire des méthodes en les comparant à des fonctions.\n"
"  * Les méthodes sont appelées sur une instance d'un type (tel qu'un struct ou un enum), le premier paramètre représente l'instance en tant que "
"\"self\".\n"
"  * Les développeurs peuvent choisir d'utiliser des méthodes pour tirer parti de la syntaxe du récepteur de méthode et pour mieux les organiser. En "
"utilisant des méthodes, nous pouvons conserver tout le code d'implémentation en un seul endroit prévisible.\n"
"* Soulignez l'utilisation du mot-clé `self`, un récepteur de méthode.\n"
"  * Montrez qu'il s'agit d'un terme abrégé pour `self:&Self` et montrez peut-être comment le nom de la structure pourrait également être utilisé.\n"
"  * Expliquez que `Self` est un alias de type pour le type dans lequel se trouve le bloc `impl` et peut être utilisé ailleurs dans le bloc.\n"
"  * Notez comment `self` est utilisé comme d'autres structures et la notation par points peut être utilisée pour faire référence à des champs "
"individuels.\n"
"  * C'est peut-être le bon moment pour démontrer en quoi `&self` diffère de `self` en modifiant le code et en essayant d'exécuter say_hello deux "
"fois.\n"
"* Nous décrivons ensuite la distinction entre les récepteurs de méthode.\n"
"   "

#: src/methods/receiver.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Method Receiver"
msgstr "# Méthode Récepteur"

#: src/methods/receiver.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `&self` above indicates that the method borrows the object immutably. There\n"
"are other possible receivers for a method:"
msgstr ""
"Le `&self` ci-dessus indique que la méthode emprunte l'objet de manière immuable. Là\n"
"sont d'autres récepteurs possibles pour une méthode :"

#: src/methods/receiver.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable\n"
"  reference. The object can be used again afterwards.\n"
"* `&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable\n"
"  reference. The object can be used again afterwards.\n"
"* `self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The\n"
"  method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped (deallocated)\n"
"  when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly\n"
"  transmitted.\n"
"* `mut self`: same as above, but while the method owns the object, it can\n"
"  mutate it too. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability.\n"
"* No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to\n"
"  create constructors which are called `new` by convention."
msgstr ""
"* `&self` : emprunte l'objet à l'appelant en utilisant un partage et immuable\n"
"  référence. L'objet peut être réutilisé par la suite.\n"
"* `&mut self` : emprunte l'objet à l'appelant en utilisant un nom unique et mutable\n"
"  référence. L'objet peut être réutilisé par la suite.\n"
"* `self` : prend possession de l'objet et l'éloigne de l'appelant. Le\n"
"  méthode devient le propriétaire de l'objet. L'objet sera supprimé (désalloué)\n"
"  lorsque la méthode revient, sauf si sa propriété est explicitement\n"
"  transmis.\n"
"* `mut self` : comme ci-dessus, mais tant que la méthode possède l'objet, elle peut\n"
"  le faire muter aussi. La propriété complète ne signifie pas automatiquement la mutabilité.\n"
"* Pas de récepteur : cela devient une méthode statique sur la structure. Généralement utilisé pour\n"
"  créer des constructeurs appelés \"nouveaux\" par convention."

#: src/methods/receiver.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also\n"
"[special wrapper types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html)\n"
"allowed to be receiver types, such as `Box<Self>`."
msgstr ""
"Au-delà des variantes sur \"self\", il y a aussi\n"
"[types d'emballage spéciaux] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html)\n"
"autorisés à être des types de récepteurs, tels que `Box<Self>`."

#: src/methods/receiver.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". These constraints always come\n"
"together in Rust due to borrow checker rules, and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to\n"
"reference a struct from multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method on it."
msgstr ""
"Pensez à mettre l'accent sur \"partagé et immuable\" et \"unique et modifiable\". Ces contraintes viennent toujours\n"
"ensemble dans Rust en raison des règles du vérificateur d'emprunt, et \"self\" ne fait pas exception. Il n'est pas possible de\n"
"référencez une structure à partir de plusieurs emplacements et appelez une méthode de mutation (`&mut self`) sur celle-ci."

#: src/methods/example.md:1 src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Example"
msgstr "# Exemple"

#: src/methods/example.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Race {\n"
"    name: String,\n"
"    laps: Vec<i32>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Race {\n"
"    fn new(name: &str) -> Race {  // No receiver, a static method\n"
"        Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) {  // Exclusive borrowed read-write access to self\n"
"        self.laps.push(lap);\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn print_laps(&self) {  // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n"
"        println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n"
"        for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n"
"            println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn finish(self) {  // Exclusive ownership of self\n"
"        let total = self.laps.iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
"        println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, total);\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n"
"    race.add_lap(70);\n"
"    race.add_lap(68);\n"
"    race.print_laps();\n"
"    race.add_lap(71);\n"
"    race.print_laps();\n"
"    race.finish();\n"
"    // race.add_lap(42);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/methods/example.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* All four methods here use a different method receiver.\n"
"  * You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`.\n"
"  * You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` twice.\n"
"* Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables automatic "
"referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust automatically adds in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches the method "
"signature.\n"
"* You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. "
msgstr ""
"* Les quatre méthodes ici utilisent un récepteur de méthode différent.\n"
"  * Vous pouvez indiquer comment cela change ce que la fonction peut faire avec les valeurs des variables et si/comment elle peut être réutilisée "
"dans `main`.\n"
"  * Vous pouvez afficher l'erreur qui apparaît lorsque vous essayez d'appeler \"finish\" deux fois.\n"
"* Notez que bien que les récepteurs de méthode soient différents, les fonctions non statiques sont appelées de la même manière dans le corps "
"principal. Rust permet le référencement et le déréférencement automatique lors de l'appel de méthodes. Rust ajoute automatiquement les `&`, `*`, "
"`muts` afin que cet objet corresponde à la signature de la méthode.\n"
"* Vous pourriez remarquer que `print_laps` utilise un vecteur qui est itéré. Nous décrivons les vecteurs plus en détail dans l'après-midi."

#: src/pattern-matching.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Pattern Matching"
msgstr "# Correspondance de modèle"

#: src/pattern-matching.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `match` keyword let you match a value against one or more _patterns_. The\n"
"comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins."
msgstr ""
"Le mot clé `match` vous permet de faire correspondre une valeur à un ou plusieurs _patterns_. Le\n"
"les comparaisons se font de haut en bas et le premier match l'emporte."

#: src/pattern-matching.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:"
msgstr "Les modèles peuvent être des valeurs simples, de la même manière que `switch` en C et C++ :"

#: src/pattern-matching.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let input = 'x';\n"
"\n"
"    match input {\n"
"        'q'                   => println!(\"Quitting\"),\n"
"        'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n"
"        '0'..='9'             => println!(\"Number input\"),\n"
"        _                     => println!(\"Something else\"),\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/pattern-matching.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value."
msgstr "Le modèle `_` est un modèle générique qui correspond à n'importe quelle valeur."

#: src/pattern-matching.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a pattern\n"
"  * `|` as an `or`\n"
"  * `..` can expand as much as it needs to be\n"
"  * `1..=5` represents an inclusive range\n"
"  * `_` is a wild card\n"
"* It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`.\n"
"* You can demonstrate matching on a reference.\n"
"* This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable patterns, as the term can show up in error messages.\n"
"   "
msgstr ""
"* Vous pouvez indiquer comment certains caractères spécifiques sont utilisés dans un modèle\n"
"  * `|` comme un `ou`\n"
"  * `..` peut s'étendre autant que nécessaire\n"
"  * `1..=5` représente une plage inclusive\n"
"  * `_` est un joker\n"
"* Il peut être utile de montrer comment fonctionne la liaison, par exemple en remplaçant un caractère générique par une variable ou en supprimant "
"les guillemets autour de `q`.\n"
"* Vous pouvez démontrer la correspondance sur une référence.\n"
"* C'est peut-être le bon moment pour évoquer le concept de modèles irréfutables, car le terme peut apparaître dans les messages d'erreur.\n"
"   "

#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Destructuring Enums"
msgstr "# déstructuration des énumérations"

#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is how\n"
"you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple `enum` type:"
msgstr ""
"Les modèles peuvent également être utilisés pour lier des variables à des parties de vos valeurs. C'est ainsi\n"
"vous inspectez la structure de vos types. Commençons par un simple type `enum` :"

#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"enum Result {\n"
"    Ok(i32),\n"
"    Err(String),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n"
"    if n % 2 == 0 {\n"
"        Result::Ok(n / 2)\n"
"    } else {\n"
"        Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let n = 100;\n"
"    match divide_in_two(n) {\n"
"        Result::Ok(half) => println!(\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"),\n"
"        Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\"),\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first\n"
"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second arm,\n"
"`msg` is bound to the error message."
msgstr ""
"Ici, nous avons utilisé les bras pour _déstructurer_ la valeur `Result`. En premier\n"
"arm, `half` est lié à la valeur à l'intérieur de la variante `Ok`. Dans le deuxième bras,\n"
"`msg` est lié au message d'erreur."

#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with a `match`.\n"
"* You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is "
"now inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints."
msgstr ""
"* L'expression `if`/`else` renvoie une énumération qui est ensuite décompressée avec une `match`.\n"
"* Vous pouvez essayer d'ajouter une troisième variante à la définition enum et d'afficher les erreurs lors de l'exécution du code. Indiquez les "
"endroits où votre code est maintenant inexhaustif et comment le compilateur essaie de vous donner des indices."

#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Destructuring Structs"
msgstr "# Structures déstructurantes"

#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez également déstructurer les `structs` :"

#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Foo {\n"
"    x: (u32, u32),\n"
"    y: u32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n"
"    match foo {\n"
"        Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n"
"        Foo { y: 2, x: i }   => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n"
"        Foo { y, .. }        => println!(\"y = {y}, other fields were ignored\"),\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns.\n"
"* Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed."
msgstr ""
"* Modifiez les valeurs littérales dans `foo` pour qu'elles correspondent aux autres modèles.\n"
"* Ajoutez un nouveau champ à `Foo` et modifiez le modèle si nécessaire."

#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Destructuring Arrays"
msgstr "# Tableaux déstructurants"

#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can destructure arrays, tuples, and slices by matching on their elements:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez déstructurer des tableaux, des tuples et des tranches en faisant correspondre leurs éléments :"

#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let triple = [0, -2, 3];\n"
"    println!(\"Tell me about {triple:?}\");\n"
"    match triple {\n"
"        [0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
"        [1, ..]   => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n"
"        _         => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:21
msgid ""
"* Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of fixed length.\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"     ```rust,editable\n"
"     fn main() {\n"
"         inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n"
"         inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n"
"     }\n"
"\n"
"     #[rustfmt::skip]\n"
"     fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n"
"         println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n"
"         match slice {\n"
"             &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
"             &[1, ..]   => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n"
"             _          => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
"         }\n"
"     }\n"
"     ```\n"
"  \n"
"* Create a new pattern using `_` to represent an element. \n"
"* Add more values to the array.\n"
"* Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of elements.\n"
"* Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`"
msgstr ""

#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Match Guards"
msgstr "# Match Guards"

#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary Boolean\n"
"expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:"
msgstr ""
"Lors de la correspondance, vous pouvez ajouter un _guard_ à un motif. Ceci est un booléen arbitraire\n"
"expression qui sera exécutée si le motif correspond à :"

#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let pair = (2, -2);\n"
"    println!(\"Tell me about {pair:?}\");\n"
"    match pair {\n"
"        (x, y) if x == y     => println!(\"These are twins\"),\n"
"        (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n"
"        (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"The first one is odd\"),\n"
"        _                    => println!(\"No correlation...\"),\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when we wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone "
"would allow.\n"
"* They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. An `if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens "
"after the match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't result in other arms\n"
"of the original `match` expression being considered.  \n"
"* You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression.\n"
"* The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern with an `|`."
msgstr ""
"* Les gardes de correspondance en tant que fonctionnalité de syntaxe distincte sont importants et nécessaires lorsque nous souhaitons exprimer de "
"manière concise des idées plus complexes que ne le permettraient les modèles seuls.\n"
"* Ils ne sont pas identiques à une expression \"if\" séparée à l'intérieur du bras de match. Une expression `if` à l'intérieur du bloc de branche "
"(après `=>`) se produit après la sélection du bras de correspondance. L'échec de la condition \"si\" à l'intérieur de ce bloc n'entraînera pas "
"d'autres bras\n"
"de l'expression \"match\" d'origine considérée.\n"
"* Vous pouvez utiliser les variables définies dans le modèle dans votre expression if.\n"
"* La condition définie dans la garde s'applique à chaque expression dans un modèle avec un `|`."

#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 2: Morning Exercises"
msgstr "# Jour 2 : Exercices du matin"

#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:"
msgstr "Nous nous intéresserons à la mise en œuvre des méthodes dans deux contextes :"

#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Simple struct which tracks health statistics.\n"
"\n"
"* Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library."
msgstr ""
"* Structure simple qui suit les statistiques de santé.\n"
"\n"
"* Plusieurs structures et énumérations pour une bibliothèque de dessins."

#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Health Statistics"
msgstr "# Statistiques de santé"

#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, you\n"
"need to keep track of users' health statistics."
msgstr ""
"Vous travaillez à la mise en place d'un système de surveillance de la santé. Dans le cadre de cela, vous\n"
"besoin de suivre les statistiques de santé des utilisateurs."

#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You'll start with some stubbed functions in an `impl` block as well as a `User`\n"
"struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out methods on the\n"
"`User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block."
msgstr ""
"Vous commencerez avec quelques fonctions stub dans un bloc `impl` ainsi qu'un `User`\n"
"définition de structure. Votre objectif est d'implémenter les méthodes tronquées sur le\n"
"`User` `struct` défini dans le bloc `impl`."

#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing\n"
"methods:"
msgstr ""
"Copiez le code ci-dessous sur <https://play.rust-lang.org/> et remplissez les champs manquants\n"
"méthodes :"

#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:13
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"struct User {\n"
"    name: String,\n"
"    age: u32,\n"
"    weight: f32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl User {\n"
"    pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, weight: f32) -> Self {\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    pub fn weight(&self) -> f32 {\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    pub fn set_weight(&mut self, new_weight: f32) {\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
"    println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_weight() {\n"
"    let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
"    assert_eq!(bob.weight(), 155.2);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_set_age() {\n"
"    let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
"    assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n"
"    bob.set_age(33);\n"
"    assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Polygon Struct"
msgstr "# Structure Polygone"

#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the code below\n"
"to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing methods to make the\n"
"tests pass:"
msgstr ""
"Nous allons créer une structure `Polygon` contenant des points. Copiez le code ci-dessous\n"
"à <https://play.rust-lang.org/> et remplissez les méthodes manquantes pour faire le\n"
"les tests passent :"

#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Point {\n"
"    // add fields\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Point {\n"
"    // add methods\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Polygon {\n"
"    // add fields\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Polygon {\n"
"    // add methods\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Circle {\n"
"    // add fields\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Circle {\n"
"    // add methods\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub enum Shape {\n"
"    Polygon(Polygon),\n"
"    Circle(Circle),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
"mod tests {\n"
"    use super::*;\n"
"\n"
"    fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
"        (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    #[test]\n"
"    fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
"        let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
"        assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    #[test]\n"
"    fn test_point_dist() {\n"
"        let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
"        let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
"        assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    #[test]\n"
"    fn test_point_add() {\n"
"        let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
"        let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
"        assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    #[test]\n"
"    fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
"        let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
"        let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
"\n"
"        let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
"        poly.add_point(p1);\n"
"        poly.add_point(p2);\n"
"        assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    #[test]\n"
"    fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
"        let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
"        let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
"\n"
"        let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
"        poly.add_point(p1);\n"
"        poly.add_point(p2);\n"
"\n"
"        let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
"        assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    #[test]\n"
"    fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
"        let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
"        poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
"        poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
"        poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
"        let shapes = vec![\n"
"            Shape::from(poly),\n"
"            Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
"        ];\n"
"        let perimeters = shapes\n"
"            .iter()\n"
"            .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
"            .map(round_two_digits)\n"
"            .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
"        assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
"fn main() {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:117
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the key part\n"
"of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to modify the tests."
msgstr ""
"Étant donné que les signatures de méthode manquent dans les énoncés de problème, la partie clé\n"
"de l'exercice consiste à les spécifier correctement. Vous n'avez pas à modifier les tests."

#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:120
#, fuzzy
msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:"
msgstr "Autres parties intéressantes de l'exercice :"

#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:122
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes don't borrow their arguments.\n"
"* Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be addable via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3."
msgstr ""
"* Dérivez un trait `Copy` pour certaines structures, car dans les tests, les méthodes n'empruntent parfois pas leurs arguments.\n"
"* Découvrez que le trait `Add` doit être implémenté pour que deux objets puissent être ajoutés via \"+\". Notez que nous ne discutons pas des "
"génériques avant le Jour 3."

#: src/control-flow.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Control Flow"
msgstr "# Flux de contrôle"

#: src/control-flow.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to conditionally\n"
"evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value which then becomes\n"
"the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow expressions work similarly\n"
"in Rust."
msgstr ""
"Comme nous l'avons vu, `if` est une expression en Rust. Il est utilisé pour conditionnellement\n"
"évaluer l'un des deux blocs, mais les blocs peuvent avoir une valeur qui devient alors\n"
"la valeur de l'expression \"if\". D'autres expressions de flux de contrôle fonctionnent de manière similaire\n"
"à Rust."

#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Blocks"
msgstr "# Blocs"

#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A block in Rust has a value and a type: the value is the last expression of the\n"
"block:"
msgstr ""
"Un bloc en Rust a une valeur et un type : la valeur est la dernière expression du\n"
"bloc:"

#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let x = {\n"
"        let y = 10;\n"
"        println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
"        let z = {\n"
"            let w = {\n"
"                3 + 4\n"
"            };\n"
"            println!(\"w: {w}\");\n"
"            y * w\n"
"        };\n"
"        println!(\"z: {z}\");\n"
"        z - y\n"
"    };\n"
"    println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is the\n"
"return value:"
msgstr ""
"La même règle est utilisée pour les fonctions : la valeur du corps de la fonction est le\n"
"valeur de retour :"

#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:28
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n"
"    x + x\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    println!(\"doubled: {}\", double(7));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:38
msgid "However if the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is `()`."
msgstr ""

#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in Rust. \n"
"* You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a "
"`return`.\n"
"   "
msgstr ""
"* Le but de cette diapositive est de montrer que les blocs ont un type et une valeur dans Rust.\n"
"* Vous pouvez montrer comment la valeur du bloc change en modifiant la dernière ligne du bloc. Par exemple, ajouter/supprimer un point-virgule ou "
"utiliser un \"retour\".\n"
"   "

#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `if` expressions"
msgstr "# expressions \"si\""

#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You use `if` very similarly to how you would in other languages:"
msgstr "Vous utilisez `if` de manière très similaire à la façon dont vous le feriez dans d'autres langues :"

#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut x = 10;\n"
"    if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
"        x = x / 2;\n"
"    } else {\n"
"        x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "In addition, you can use it as an expression. This does the same as above:"
msgstr "De plus, vous pouvez l'utiliser comme expression. Cela fait la même chose que ci-dessus:"

#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:18
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut x = 10;\n"
"    x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
"        x / 2\n"
"    } else {\n"
"        3 * x + 1\n"
"    };\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:31
msgid ""
"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its branch blocks must have the same type. Consider showing what happens if "
"you add `;` after `x / 2` in the second example."
msgstr ""

#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `if let` expressions"
msgstr "# expressions `si nous allons`"

#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "If you want to match a value against a pattern, you can use `if let`:"
msgstr "Si vous voulez faire correspondre une valeur à un modèle, vous pouvez utiliser `if let` :"

#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let arg = std::env::args().next();\n"
"    if let Some(value) = arg {\n"
"        println!(\"Program name: {value}\");\n"
"    } else {\n"
"        println!(\"Missing name?\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:16 src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:21 src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) for more details on patterns in\n"
"Rust."
msgstr ""
"Voir [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) pour plus de détails sur les modèles dans\n"
"Rouiller."

#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:21
msgid ""
"* `if let` can be more concise than `match`, e.g., when only one case is interesting. In contrast, `match` requires all branches to be covered.\n"
"* A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`.\n"
"* Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching.\n"
"* Since 1.65, a similar [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/let_else.html) construct allows to do a destructuring "
"assignment, or if it fails, have a non-returning block branch (panic/return/break/continue):\n"
"\n"
"   ```rust,editable\n"
"   fn main() {\n"
"       println!(\"{:?}\", second_word_to_upper(\"foo bar\"));\n"
"   }\n"
"    \n"
"   fn second_word_to_upper(s: &str) -> Option<String> {\n"
"       let mut it = s.split(' ');\n"
"       let (Some(_), Some(item)) = (it.next(), it.next()) else {\n"
"           return None;\n"
"       };\n"
"       Some(item.to_uppercase())\n"
"   }"
msgstr ""

#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `while` expressions"
msgstr "# Expressions `while`"

#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `while` keyword works very similar to other languages:"
msgstr "Le mot-clé `while` fonctionne de manière très similaire aux autres langages :"

#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut x = 10;\n"
"    while x != 1 {\n"
"        x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
"            x / 2\n"
"        } else {\n"
"            3 * x + 1\n"
"        };\n"
"    }\n"
"    println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `while let` expressions"
msgstr "# expressions `while let`"

#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Like with `if`, there is a `while let` variant which repeatedly tests a value\n"
"against a pattern:"
msgstr ""
"Comme avec `if`, il existe une variante `while let` qui teste à plusieurs reprises une valeur\n"
"contre un modèle :"

#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
"    let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
"\n"
"    while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
"        println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here the iterator returned by `v.iter()` will return a `Option<i32>` on every\n"
"call to `next()`. It returns `Some(x)` until it is done, after which it will\n"
"return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through all items."
msgstr ""
"Ici, l'itérateur renvoyé par `v.iter()` renverra une `Option<i32>` à chaque\n"
"appel à `next()`. Il renvoie `Some(x)` jusqu'à ce qu'il soit terminé, après quoi il\n"
"renvoie \"Aucun\". Le `while let` nous permet de continuer à parcourir tous les éléments."

#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value matches the pattern.\n"
"* You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `iter.next()`. "
"The `while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario.\n"
"    "
msgstr ""
"* Soulignez que la boucle `while let` continuera tant que la valeur correspond au modèle.\n"
"* Vous pouvez réécrire la boucle `while let` comme une boucle infinie avec une instruction if qui s'interrompt lorsqu'il n'y a pas de valeur à "
"déballer pour `iter.next()`. Le `while let` fournit du sucre syntaxique pour le scénario ci-dessus.\n"
"    "

#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `for` expressions"
msgstr "# expressions `pour`"

#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `for` expression is closely related to the `while let` expression. It will\n"
"automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate over it:"
msgstr ""
"L'expression `for` est étroitement liée à l'expression `while let`. Ce sera\n"
"appelez automatiquement `into_iter()` sur l'expression, puis parcourez-la :"

#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
"\n"
"    for x in v {\n"
"        println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"    \n"
"    for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n"
"        println!(\"i: {i}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual."
msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser `break` et `continue` ici comme d'habitude."

#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case.\n"
"* `(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. \n"
"* `step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every other element. \n"
"* Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`."
msgstr ""
"* L'itération d'index n'est pas une syntaxe spéciale dans Rust pour ce cas précis.\n"
"* `(0..10)` est une plage qui implémente un trait `Iterator`.\n"
"* `step_by` est une méthode qui renvoie un autre `Iterator` qui saute tous les autres éléments.\n"
"* Modifier les éléments du vecteur et expliquer les erreurs du compilateur. Modifiez le vecteur `v` pour qu'il soit modifiable et la boucle for en "
"`for x in v.iter_mut()`."

#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `loop` expressions"
msgstr "# expressions de \"boucle\""

#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, there is a `loop` keyword which creates an endless loop. Here you must\n"
"either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:"
msgstr ""
"Enfin, il existe un mot-clé `loop` qui crée une boucle sans fin. Ici, vous devez\n"
"soit `break` ou `return` pour arrêter la boucle :"

#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut x = 10;\n"
"    loop {\n"
"        x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
"            x / 2\n"
"        } else {\n"
"            3 * x + 1\n"
"        };\n"
"        if x == 1 {\n"
"            break;\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"    println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "* Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out."
msgstr "* Cassez la `boucle` avec une valeur (par exemple `break 8`) et imprimez-la."

#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `match` expressions"
msgstr "# expressions \"correspondantes\""

#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `match` keyword is used to match a value against one or more patterns. In\n"
"that sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:"
msgstr ""
"Le mot clé `match` est utilisé pour faire correspondre une valeur à un ou plusieurs modèles. Dans\n"
"en ce sens, cela fonctionne comme une série d'expressions \"if let\":"

#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n"
"        Some(\"cat\") => println!(\"Will do cat things\"),\n"
"        Some(\"ls\")  => println!(\"Will ls some files\"),\n"
"        Some(\"mv\")  => println!(\"Let's move some files\"),\n"
"        Some(\"rm\")  => println!(\"Uh, dangerous!\"),\n"
"        None        => println!(\"Hmm, no program name?\"),\n"
"        _           => println!(\"Unknown program name!\"),\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Like `if let`, each match arm must have the same type. The type is the last\n"
"expression of the block, if any. In the example above, the type is `()`."
msgstr ""
"Comme `if let`, chaque bras de correspondance doit avoir le même type. Le type est le dernier\n"
"expression du bloc, le cas échéant. Dans l'exemple ci-dessus, le type est `()`."

#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Save the match expression to a variable and print it out.\n"
"* Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error.\n"
"    * `std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option<String>`, but we cannot match against `String`.\n"
"    * `as_deref()` transforms an `Option<T>` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our case, this turns `Option<String>` into `Option<&str>`.\n"
"    * We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside `Option`."
msgstr ""
"* Enregistrez l'expression de correspondance dans une variable et imprimez-la.\n"
"* Supprimez `.as_deref()` et expliquez l'erreur.\n"
"    * `std::env::args().next()` renvoie une `Option<String>`, mais nous ne pouvons pas comparer `String`.\n"
"    * `as_deref()` transforme une `Option<T>` en `Option<&T::Target>`. Dans notre cas, cela transforme `Option<String>` en `Option<&str>`.\n"
"    * Nous pouvons maintenant utiliser le pattern matching pour faire correspondre le `&str` à l'intérieur de `Option`."

#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `break` and `continue`"
msgstr "# `pause` et `continue`"

#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you want to exit a loop early, use `break`, if you want to immediately start\n"
"the next iteration use `continue`. Both `continue` and `break` can optionally\n"
"take a label argument which is used to break out of nested loops:"
msgstr ""
"Si vous voulez quitter une boucle plus tôt, utilisez `break`, si vous voulez commencer immédiatement\n"
"la prochaine itération utilise `continue`. `continue` et `break` peuvent éventuellement\n"
"prenez un argument d'étiquette qui est utilisé pour sortir des boucles imbriquées :"

#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
"    let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
"    'outer: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
"        println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
"        let mut i = 0;\n"
"        while i < x {\n"
"            println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n"
"            i += 1;\n"
"            if i == 3 {\n"
"                break 'outer;\n"
"            }\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop."
msgstr "Dans ce cas, nous cassons la boucle externe après 3 itérations de la boucle interne."

#: src/std.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Standard Library"
msgstr "# Bibliothèque standard"

#: src/std.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common types\n"
"used by Rust library and programs. This way, two libraries can work together\n"
"smoothly because they both use the same `String` type."
msgstr ""
"Rust est livré avec une bibliothèque standard qui permet d'établir un ensemble de types communs\n"
"utilisé par la bibliothèque et les programmes Rust. De cette façon, deux bibliothèques peuvent travailler ensemble\n"
"en douceur car ils utilisent tous les deux le même type `String`."

#: src/std.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "The common vocabulary types include:"
msgstr "Les types de vocabulaire courants comprennent :"

#: src/std.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional values\n"
"  and [error handling](error-handling.md).\n"
"\n"
"* [`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data.\n"
"\n"
"* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector.\n"
"\n"
"* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing\n"
"  algorithm.\n"
"\n"
"* [`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data.\n"
"\n"
"* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated data."
msgstr ""
"* Types [`Option` et `Result`](std/option-result.md) : utilisés pour les valeurs facultatives\n"
"  et [gestion des erreurs] (error-handling.md).\n"
"\n"
"* [`String`](std/string.md) : le type de chaîne par défaut utilisé pour les données détenues.\n"
"\n"
"* [`Vec`](std/vec.md) : un vecteur extensible standard.\n"
"\n"
"* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md) : un type de carte de hachage avec un hachage configurable\n"
"  algorithme.\n"
"\n"
"* [`Box`](std/box.md) : un pointeur propriétaire pour les données allouées par tas.\n"
"\n"
"* [`Rc`](std/rc.md) : un pointeur partagé compté par référence pour les données allouées par tas."

#: src/std.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"  * In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, `alloc` and `std`. \n"
"  * `core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on `libc`, allocator or\n"
"    even the presence of an operating system. \n"
"  * `alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, `Box` and `Arc`.\n"
"  * Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`."
msgstr ""
"  * En fait, Rust contient plusieurs couches de la bibliothèque standard : `core`, `alloc` et `std`.\n"
"  * `core` inclut les types et fonctions les plus basiques qui ne dépendent pas de `libc`, de l'allocateur ou\n"
"    même la présence d'un système d'exploitation.\n"
"  * `alloc` inclut les types qui nécessitent un allocateur de tas global, tels que `Vec`, `Box` et `Arc`.\n"
"  * Les applications Embedded Rust n'utilisent souvent que \"core\" et parfois \"alloc\"."

#: src/std/option-result.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Option` and `Result`"
msgstr "# `Option` et `Résultat`"

#: src/std/option-result.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The types represent optional data:"
msgstr "Les types représentent des données facultatives :"

#: src/std/option-result.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
"    let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n"
"    println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n"
"\n"
"    let idx: Result<usize, usize> = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n"
"    println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/std/option-result.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Option` and `Result` are widely used not just in the standard library.\n"
"* `Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`.\n"
"* `Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on Day 3.\n"
"* `binary_search` returns `Result<usize, usize>`.\n"
"  * If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found.\n"
"  * Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should be inserted."
msgstr ""
"* `Option` et `Result` sont largement utilisés, pas seulement dans la bibliothèque standard.\n"
"* `Option<&T>` n'a aucune surcharge d'espace par rapport à `&T`.\n"
"* `Result` est le type standard pour implémenter la gestion des erreurs, comme nous le verrons le jour 3.\n"
"* `binary_search` renvoie `Result<usize, usize>`.\n"
"  * Si trouvé, `Result::Ok` contient l'index où se trouve l'élément.\n"
"  * Sinon, `Result::Err` contient l'index où un tel élément doit être inséré."

#: src/std/string.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# String"
msgstr "# Chaîne"

#: src/std/string.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`String`][1] is the standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:"
msgstr "[`String`][1] est le tampon de chaîne UTF-8 évolutif standard alloué par tas :"

#: src/std/string.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut s1 = String::new();\n"
"    s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n"
"    println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n"
"\n"
"    let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n"
"    s2.push_str(&s1);\n"
"    s2.push('!');\n"
"    println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n"
"\n"
"    let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n"
"    println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n"
"             s3.chars().count());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/std/string.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`String` implements [`Deref<Target = str>`][2], which means that you can call all\n"
"`str` methods on a `String`."
msgstr ""
"`String` implémente [`Deref<Target = str>`][2], ce qui signifie que vous pouvez appeler tous\n"
"Méthodes `str` sur une `String`."

#: src/std/string.md:30
msgid ""
"* `String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when you know how much data you want to push to the string.\n"
"* `String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be different from its length in characters).\n"
"* `String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a `char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character"
"\" due to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html).\n"
"*  When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or `String`.  \n"
"* When a type implements `Deref<Target = T>`, the compiler will let you transparently call methods from `T`.\n"
"    * `String` implements `Deref<Target = str>` which transparently gives it access to `str`'s methods.\n"
"    * Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and  `let s3 = &*s1`;.\n"
"* `String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, "
"but with some extra guarantees.\n"
"* Compare the different ways to index a `String` by using `s3[i]` and `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, out-of-bounds, and \"on\" "
"the flag Unicode character."
msgstr ""

#: src/std/vec.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Vec`"
msgstr "# `Vec`"

#: src/std/vec.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`Vec`][1] is the standard resizable heap-allocated buffer:"
msgstr "[`Vec`][1] est le tampon standard redimensionnable alloué au tas :"

#: src/std/vec.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n"
"    v1.push(42);\n"
"    println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());\n"
"\n"
"    let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n"
"    v2.extend(v1.iter());\n"
"    v2.push(9999);\n"
"    println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n"
"\n"
"    // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n"
"    let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n"
"\n"
"    // Retain only the even elements.\n"
"    v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n"
"    println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
"\n"
"    // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n"
"    v3.dedup();\n"
"    println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/std/vec.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Vec` implements [`Deref<Target = [T]>`][2], which means that you can call slice\n"
"methods on a `Vec`."
msgstr ""
"`Vec` implémente [`Deref<Target = [T]>`][2], ce qui signifie que vous pouvez appeler slice\n"
"méthodes sur un `Vec`."

#: src/std/vec.md:37
msgid ""
"* `Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data it contains is stored\n"
"  on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't need to be  known at compile time. It can grow\n"
"  or shrink at runtime.\n"
"* Notice how `Vec<T>` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` explicitly. As always\n"
"  with Rust type inference, the `T` was established during the first `push` call.\n"
"* `vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it supports adding initial\n"
"  elements to the vector.\n"
"* To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. Alternatively, using\n"
"  `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will remove the last element.\n"
"* Show iterating over a vector and mutating the value:\n"
"  `for e in &mut v { *e += 50; }`"
msgstr ""

#: src/std/hashmap.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `HashMap`"
msgstr "# `HashMap`"

#: src/std/hashmap.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:"
msgstr "Carte de hachage standard avec protection contre les attaques HashDoS :"

#: src/std/hashmap.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n"
"    page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), 207);\n"
"    page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n"
"    page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n"
"\n"
"    if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n"
"        println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n"
"                 page_counts.len());\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n"
"        match page_counts.get(book) {\n"
"            Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n"
"            None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n"
"    for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n"
"        let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string()).or_insert(0);\n"
"        *page_count += 1;\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/std/hashmap.md:38
msgid ""
"* `HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope.\n"
"* Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will "
"insert the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found.\n"
"\n"
"     ```rust,ignore\n"
"       let pc1 = page_counts\n"
"           .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n"
"           .unwrap_or(&336);\n"
"       let pc2 = page_counts\n"
"           .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n"
"           .or_insert(374);\n"
"       ```\n"
"* Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro.\n"
"  * Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`][1], which allows us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:\n"
"\n"
"     ```rust,ignore\n"
"       let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n"
"         (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n"
"         (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n"
"       ]);\n"
"       ```\n"
"\n"
" * Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-value tuples.\n"
"* We are showing `HashMap<String, i32>`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be "
"done,\n"
"  but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker.\n"
"  * Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?"
msgstr ""

#: src/std/box.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Box`"
msgstr "# `Boîte`"

#: src/std/box.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`Box`][1] is an owned pointer to data on the heap:"
msgstr "[`Box`][1] est un pointeur propriétaire vers des données sur le tas :"

#: src/std/box.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let five = Box::new(5);\n"
"    println!(\"five: {}\", *five);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/std/box.md:13
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack                     Heap\n"
".- - - - - - -.     .- - - - - - -.\n"
":             :     :             :\n"
":    five     :     :             :\n"
":   +-----+   :     :   +-----+   :\n"
":   | o---|---+-----+-->|  5  |   :\n"
":   +-----+   :     :   +-----+   :\n"
":             :     :             :\n"
":             :     :             :\n"
"`- - - - - - -'     `- - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/std/box.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Box<T>` implements `Deref<Target = T>`, which means that you can [call methods\n"
"from `T` directly on a `Box<T>`][2]."
msgstr ""
"`Box<T>` implémente `Deref<Target = T>`, ce qui signifie que vous pouvez [appeler des méthodes\n"
"depuis `T` directement sur une `Box<T>`][2]."

#: src/std/box.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be not null. \n"
"* In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` statement thanks to `Deref`. \n"
"* A `Box` can be useful when you:\n"
"   * have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust compiler wants to know an exact size.\n"
"   * want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap "
"in a `Box` so only the pointer is moved."
msgstr ""
"* `Box` est comme `std::unique_ptr` en C++, sauf qu'il est garanti qu'il n'est pas nul.\n"
"* Dans l'exemple ci-dessus, vous pouvez même omettre le `*` dans l'instruction `println!` grâce à `Deref`.\n"
"* Une `Box` peut être utile lorsque vous :\n"
"   * avoir un type dont la taille ne peut pas être connue au moment de la compilation, mais le compilateur Rust veut connaître une taille exacte.\n"
"   * souhaitez transférer la propriété d'une grande quantité de données. Pour éviter de copier de grandes quantités de données sur la pile, stockez "
"plutôt les données sur le tas dans une `Box` afin que seul le pointeur soit déplacé."

#: src/std/box-recursive.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Box with Recursive Data Structures"
msgstr "# Boîte avec des structures de données récursives"

#: src/std/box-recursive.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:"
msgstr "Les types de données récursifs ou les types de données avec des tailles dynamiques doivent utiliser une `Box` :"

#: src/std/box-recursive.md:5 src/std/box-niche.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"enum List<T> {\n"
"    Cons(T, Box<List<T>>),\n"
"    Nil,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let list: List<i32> = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::new(List::Nil))));\n"
"    println!(\"{list:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/std/box-recursive.md:18
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack                           Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -.     .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
":                         :     :                                               :\n"
":    list                 :     :                                               :\n"
":   +------+----+----+    :     :    +------+----+----+    +------+----+----+   :\n"
":   | Cons | 1  | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2  | o--+--->| Nil  | // | // |   :\n"
":   +------+----+----+    :     :    +------+----+----+    +------+----+----+   :\n"
":                         :     :                                               :\n"
":                         :     :                                               :\n"
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -'     '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/std/box-recursive.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* If the `Box` was not used here and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the `List`,\n"
"the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory, it would look infinite.\n"
"\n"
"* `Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and just points at the next\n"
"element of the `List` in the heap.\n"
"\n"
"* Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. \"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or "
"reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly.   \n"
"    "
msgstr ""
"* Si la `Box` n'a pas été utilisée ici et que nous avons essayé d'intégrer une `List` directement dans la `List`,\n"
"le compilateur ne calculerait pas une taille fixe de la structure en mémoire, elle semblerait infinie.\n"
"\n"
"* `Box` résout ce problème car il a la même taille qu'un pointeur normal et pointe simplement vers le prochain\n"
"élément de la `Liste` dans le tas.\n"
"\n"
"* Supprimez la `Box` dans la définition de la liste et affichez l'erreur du compilateur. \"Récursif avec indirection\" est un indice que vous "
"voudrez peut-être utiliser une boîte ou une référence quelconque, au lieu de stocker une valeur directement.\n"
"    "

#: src/std/box-niche.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Niche Optimization"
msgstr "# Optimisation de niche"

#: src/std/box-niche.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This\n"
"allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:"
msgstr ""
"Une `Box` ne peut pas être vide, donc le pointeur est toujours valide et non `null`. Ce\n"
"permet au compilateur d'optimiser la disposition de la mémoire :"

#: src/std/box-niche.md:19
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack                           Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -.     .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
":                         :     :                                             :\n"
":    list                 :     :                                             :\n"
":   +----+----+           :     :    +----+----+    +----+------+             :\n"
":   | 1  | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2  | o--+--->| // | null |             :\n"
":   +----+----+           :     :    +----+----+    +----+------+             :\n"
":                         :     :                                             :\n"
":                         :     :                                             :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -'     '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/std/rc.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Rc`"
msgstr "# `Rc`"

#: src/std/rc.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Rc`][1] is a reference-counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer\n"
"to the same data from multiple places:"
msgstr ""
"[`Rc`][1] est un pointeur partagé compté par référence. Utilisez-le lorsque vous avez besoin de vous référer\n"
"aux mêmes données depuis plusieurs endroits :"

#: src/std/rc.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::rc::Rc;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n"
"    let mut b = a.clone();\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
"    println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/std/rc.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* If you need to mutate the data inside an `Rc`, you will need to wrap the data in\n"
"  a type such as [`Cell` or `RefCell`][2].\n"
"* See [`Arc`][3] if you are in a multi-threaded context.\n"
"* You can *downgrade* a shared pointer into a [`Weak`][4] pointer to create cycles\n"
"  that will get dropped."
msgstr ""
"* Si vous avez besoin de muter les données à l'intérieur d'un `Rc`, vous devrez envelopper les données dans\n"
"  un type tel que [`Cell` ou `RefCell`][2].\n"
"* Voir [`Arc`][3] si vous êtes dans un contexte multi-thread.\n"
"* Vous pouvez *rétrograder* un pointeur partagé en un pointeur [`Weak`][4] pour créer des cycles\n"
"  qui va tomber."

#: src/std/rc.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Rc`'s Count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there are references.\n"
"* Like C++'s `std::shared_ptr`.\n"
"* `clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally be "
"ignored when looking for performance issues in code.\n"
"* `make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") and returns a mutable reference.\n"
"* Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count.\n"
"* Compare the different datatypes mentioned. `Box` enables (im)mutable borrows that are enforced at compile time. `RefCell` enables (im)mutable "
"borrows that are enforced at run time and will panic if it fails at runtime.\n"
"* You can `downgrade()` a `Rc` into a *weakly reference-counted* object to\n"
"  create cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with\n"
"  `RefCell`)."
msgstr ""
"* Le comptage de `Rc` garantit que sa valeur contenue est valide tant qu'il y a des références.\n"
"* Comme `std::shared_ptr` de C++.\n"
"* `clone` est bon marché : il crée un pointeur vers la même allocation et augmente le nombre de références. Ne crée pas de clone profond et peut "
"généralement être ignoré lors de la recherche de problèmes de performances dans le code.\n"
"* `make_mut` clone en fait la valeur interne si nécessaire (\"clone-on-write\") et renvoie une référence mutable.\n"
"* Utilisez `Rc::strong_count` pour vérifier le nombre de références.\n"
"* Comparez les différents types de données mentionnés. `Box` active les emprunts (im)mutables qui sont appliqués au moment de la compilation. "
"`RefCell` active les emprunts (im)mutables qui sont appliqués au moment de l'exécution et paniqueront s'ils échouent au moment de l'exécution.\n"
"* Vous pouvez `downgrader()` un `Rc` en un objet *faiblement compté en référence* pour\n"
"  créer des cycles qui seront supprimés correctement (probablement en combinaison avec\n"
"  `RefCell`)."

#: src/std/rc.md:41
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n"
"use std::cell::RefCell;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Node {\n"
"    value: i64,\n"
"    parent: Option<Weak<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
"    children: Vec<Rc<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut root = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n"
"        value: 42,\n"
"        parent: None,\n"
"        children: vec![],\n"
"    }));\n"
"    let child = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n"
"        value: 43,\n"
"        children: vec![],\n"
"        parent: Some(Rc::downgrade(&root))\n"
"    }));\n"
"    root.borrow_mut().children.push(child);\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/modules.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Modules"
msgstr "# Modules"

#: src/modules.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type."
msgstr "Nous avons vu comment les blocs `impl` nous permettent de faire fonctionner l'espace de noms sur un type."

#: src/modules.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:"
msgstr "De même, `mod` nous permet d'utiliser des types et des fonctions d'espace de noms :"

#: src/modules.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"mod foo {\n"
"    pub fn do_something() {\n"
"        println!(\"In the foo module\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"mod bar {\n"
"    pub fn do_something() {\n"
"        println!(\"In the bar module\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    foo::do_something();\n"
"    bar::do_something();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/modules.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates.\n"
"* Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and a library crate compiles to a library.\n"
"* Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section."
msgstr ""
"* Les packages fournissent des fonctionnalités et incluent un fichier `Cargo.toml` qui décrit comment créer un ensemble de 1+ caisses.\n"
"* Les caisses sont un arbre de modules, où une caisse binaire crée un exécutable et une caisse de bibliothèque se compile en une bibliothèque.\n"
"* Les modules définissent l'organisation, la portée et sont au centre de cette section."

#: src/modules/visibility.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Visibility"
msgstr "# Visibilité"

#: src/modules/visibility.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:"
msgstr "Les modules sont une limite de confidentialité :"

#: src/modules/visibility.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Module items are private by default (hides implementation details).\n"
"* Parent and sibling items are always visible.\n"
"* In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all the\n"
"  descendants of `foo`."
msgstr ""
"* Les éléments du module sont privés par défaut (cache les détails d'implémentation).\n"
"* Les éléments parents et frères sont toujours visibles.\n"
"* En d'autres termes, si un élément est visible dans le module `foo`, il est visible dans tous les\n"
"  descendants de `foo`."

#: src/modules/visibility.md:10
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"mod outer {\n"
"    fn private() {\n"
"        println!(\"outer::private\");\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    pub fn public() {\n"
"        println!(\"outer::public\");\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    mod inner {\n"
"        fn private() {\n"
"            println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n"
"        }\n"
"\n"
"        pub fn public() {\n"
"            println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n"
"            super::private();\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    outer::public();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/modules/visibility.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid "* Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public."
msgstr "* Utilisez le mot-clé `pub` pour rendre les modules publics."

#: src/modules/visibility.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid "Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope of public visibility."
msgstr "De plus, il existe des spécificateurs avancés `pub(...)` pour restreindre la portée de la visibilité publique."

#: src/modules/visibility.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself).\n"
"* Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern.\n"
"* Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path.\n"
"* In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of its descendants)."
msgstr ""
"* Voir la [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself).\n"
"* La configuration de la visibilité de `pub(crate)` est un modèle courant.\n"
"* Plus rarement, vous pouvez donner de la visibilité à un chemin spécifique.\n"
"* Dans tous les cas, la visibilité doit être accordée à un module ancêtre (et à tous ses descendants)."

#: src/modules/paths.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Paths"
msgstr "# Chemins"

#: src/modules/paths.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:"
msgstr "Les chemins sont résolus comme suit :"

#: src/modules/paths.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"1. As a relative path:\n"
"   * `foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,\n"
"   * `super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module.\n"
"\n"
"2. As an absolute path:\n"
"   * `crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate,\n"
"   * `bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate."
msgstr ""
"1. En tant que chemin relatif :\n"
"   * `foo` ou `self::foo` fait référence à `foo` dans le module actuel,\n"
"   * `super::foo` fait référence à `foo` dans le module parent.\n"
"\n"
"2. En tant que chemin absolu :\n"
"   * `crate::foo` fait référence à `foo` à la racine du crate actuel,\n"
"   * `bar::foo` fait référence à `foo` dans le crate `bar`."

#: src/modules/filesystem.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Filesystem Hierarchy"
msgstr "# Hiérarchie du système de fichiers"

#: src/modules/filesystem.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The module content can be omitted:"
msgstr "Le contenu du module peut être omis :"

#: src/modules/filesystem.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"mod garden;\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/modules/filesystem.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `garden` module content is found at:"
msgstr "Le contenu du module \"jardin\" se trouve à :"

#: src/modules/filesystem.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `src/garden.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)\n"
"* `src/garden/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)"
msgstr ""
"* `src/garden.rs` (style Rust 2018 moderne)\n"
"* `src/garden/mod.rs` (ancien style Rust 2015)"

#: src/modules/filesystem.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at:"
msgstr "De même, un module `garden::legumes` peut être trouvé à :"

#: src/modules/filesystem.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `src/garden/vegetables.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)\n"
"* `src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)"
msgstr ""
"* `src/garden/vegetables.rs` (style Rust 2018 moderne)\n"
"* `src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (ancien style Rust 2015)"

#: src/modules/filesystem.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `crate` root is in:"
msgstr "La racine `crate` se trouve dans :"

#: src/modules/filesystem.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)\n"
"* `src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)"
msgstr ""
"* `src/lib.rs` (pour une caisse de bibliothèque)\n"
"* `src/main.rs` (pour un crate binaire)"

#: src/modules/filesystem.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc comments\".\n"
"These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a module."
msgstr ""
"Les modules définis dans les fichiers peuvent également être documentés à l'aide de \"commentaires de documentation internes\".\n"
"Ceux-ci documentent l'élément qui les contient -- dans ce cas, un module."

#: src/modules/filesystem.md:27
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant germination\n"
"//! implementation.\n"
"\n"
"/// Sow the given seed packets.\n"
"fn sow(seeds: Vec<SeedPacket>) { todo!() }\n"
"\n"
"// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n"
"fn harvest(garden: &mut Garden) { todo!() }\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/modules/filesystem.md:40
msgid ""
"* The change from `module/mod.rs` to `module.rs` doesn't preclude the use of submodules in Rust 2018.\n"
"  (It was mandatory in Rust 2015.)\n"
"\n"
"  The following is valid:\n"
"\n"
"  ```ignore\n"
"  src/\n"
"  ├── main.rs\n"
"  ├── top_module.rs\n"
"  └── top_module/\n"
"      └── sub_module.rs\n"
"  ```\n"
"\n"
"* The main reason for the change is to prevent many files named `mod.rs`, which can be hard\n"
"  to distinguish in IDEs.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust will look for modules in `modulename/mod.rs` and `modulename.rs`, but this can be changed\n"
"  with a compiler directive:\n"
"\n"
"  ```rust,ignore\n"
"  #[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n"
"  mod some_module { }\n"
"  ```\n"
"\n"
"  This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module in a file named\n"
"  `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go."
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 2: Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "# Jour 2 : Exercices de l'après-midi"

#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators."
msgstr "Les exercices de cet après-midi porteront sur les chaînes et les itérateurs."

#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Luhn Algorithm"
msgstr "# Algorithme de Luhn"

#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used to\n"
"validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and does the\n"
"following to validate the credit card number:"
msgstr ""
"L'[algorithme de Luhn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) est utilisé pour\n"
"valider les numéros de carte de crédit. L'algorithme prend une chaîne en entrée et fait le\n"
"suivant pour valider le numéro de carte bancaire :"

#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits.\n"
"\n"
"* Moving from right to left, double every second digit: for the number `1234`,\n"
"  we double `3` and `1`.\n"
"\n"
"* After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` which\n"
"  becomes `5`.\n"
"\n"
"* Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits.\n"
"\n"
"* The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`."
msgstr ""
"* Ignorer tous les espaces. Numéro de rejet comportant moins de deux chiffres.\n"
"\n"
"* En se déplaçant de droite à gauche, doubler tous les deux chiffres : pour le nombre `1234`,\n"
"  on double '3' et '1'.\n"
"\n"
"* Après avoir doublé un chiffre, additionnez les chiffres. Donc doubler '7' devient '14' ce qui\n"
"  devient '5'.\n"
"\n"
"* Additionnez tous les chiffres non doublés et doublés.\n"
"\n"
"* Le numéro de carte de crédit est valide si la somme se termine par '0'."

#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the\n"
"function:"
msgstr ""
"Copiez le code suivant sur <https://play.rust-lang.org/> et implémentez le\n"
"fonction:"

#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:23
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
"    unimplemented!()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"  \"));\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"    \"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
"    assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
"    assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
"    assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
"    assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
"fn main() {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Strings and Iterators"
msgstr "# Chaînes et itérateurs"

#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web server. The\n"
"server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which are matched against\n"
"_request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a wildcard character which\n"
"matches a full segment. See the unit tests below."
msgstr ""
"Dans cet exercice, vous implémentez un composant de routage d'un serveur Web. Le\n"
"le serveur est configuré avec un certain nombre de _préfixes de chemin_ qui sont mis en correspondance\n"
"_demander des chemins_. Les préfixes de chemin peuvent contenir un caractère générique qui\n"
"correspond à un segment complet. Voir les tests unitaires ci-dessous."

#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and make the tests\n"
"pass. Try avoiding allocating a `Vec` for your intermediate results:"
msgstr ""
"Copiez le code suivant sur <https://play.rust-lang.org/> et faites les tests\n"
"passer. Essayez d'éviter d'attribuer un \"Vec\" à vos résultats intermédiaires :"

#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:12
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
"    unimplemented!()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
"    assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
"    assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n"
"    assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));\n"
"\n"
"    assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
"    assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n"
"    assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/publishers\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
"    assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
"    ));\n"
"    assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
"    ));\n"
"    assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
"    ));\n"
"\n"
"    assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
"    assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
"    ));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/welcome-day-3.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Welcome to Day 3"
msgstr "# Bienvenue au jour 3"

#: src/welcome-day-3.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Today, we will cover some more advanced topics of Rust:"
msgstr "Aujourd'hui, nous aborderons quelques sujets plus avancés de Rust :"

#: src/welcome-day-3.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library\n"
"  traits.\n"
"\n"
"* Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and trait\n"
"  objects.\n"
"\n"
"* Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`.\n"
"\n"
"* Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests.\n"
"\n"
"* Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern\n"
"  functions."
msgstr ""
"* Traits : traits dérivés, méthodes par défaut et bibliothèque standard importante\n"
"  caractéristiques.\n"
"\n"
"* Génériques : types de données génériques, méthodes génériques, monomorphisation et trait\n"
"  objets.\n"
"\n"
"* Gestion des erreurs : paniques, « Résultat » et l'opérateur d'essai « ? ».\n"
"\n"
"* Tests : tests unitaires, tests de documentation et tests d'intégration.\n"
"\n"
"* Unsafe Rust : pointeurs bruts, variables statiques, fonctions non sécurisées et extern\n"
"  les fonctions."

#: src/generics.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Generics"
msgstr "# Génériques"

#: src/generics.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust support generics, which lets you abstract an algorithm (such as sorting)\n"
"over the types used in the algorithm."
msgstr ""
"Rust prend en charge les génériques, ce qui vous permet d'abstraire un algorithme (comme le tri)\n"
"sur les types utilisés dans l'algorithme."

#: src/generics/data-types.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Generic Data Types"
msgstr "# Types de données génériques"

#: src/generics/data-types.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser des génériques pour résumer le type de champ concret :"

#: src/generics/data-types.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Point<T> {\n"
"    x: T,\n"
"    y: T,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n"
"    let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n"
"    println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/generics/data-types.md:21
msgid ""
"* Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`.\n"
"\n"
"* Fix the code to allow points that have elements of different types."
msgstr ""

#: src/generics/methods.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Generic Methods"
msgstr "# Méthodes génériques"

#: src/generics/methods.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez déclarer un type générique sur votre bloc `impl` :"

#: src/generics/methods.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Point<T>(T, T);\n"
"\n"
"impl<T> Point<T> {\n"
"    fn x(&self) -> &T {\n"
"        &self.0  // + 10\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let p = Point(5, 10);\n"
"    println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/generics/methods.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* *Q:* Why `T` is specified twice in `impl<T> Point<T> {}`? Isn't that redundant?\n"
"    * This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. They are independently generic.\n"
"    * It means these methods are defined for any `T`.\n"
"    * It is possible to write `impl Point<u32> { .. }`. \n"
"      * `Point` is still generic and you can use `Point<f64>`, but methods in this block will only be available for `Point<u32>`."
msgstr ""
"* *Q :* Pourquoi `T` est spécifié deux fois dans `impl<T> Point<T> {}` ? N'est-ce pas redondant ?\n"
"    * C'est parce qu'il s'agit d'une section d'implémentation générique pour le type générique. Ils sont indépendamment génériques.\n"
"    * Cela signifie que ces méthodes sont définies pour n'importe quel `T`.\n"
"    * Il est possible d'écrire `impl Point<u32> { .. }`.\n"
"      * `Point` est toujours générique et vous pouvez utiliser `Point<f64>`, mais les méthodes de ce bloc ne seront disponibles que pour "
"`Point<u32>`."

#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Monomorphization"
msgstr "# Monomorphisation"

#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:"
msgstr "Le code générique est transformé en code non générique basé sur les sites d'appel :"

#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let integer = Some(5);\n"
"    let float = Some(5.0);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "behaves as if you wrote"
msgstr "se comporte comme si vous écriviez"

#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:14
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"enum Option_i32 {\n"
"    Some(i32),\n"
"    None,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"enum Option_f64 {\n"
"    Some(f64),\n"
"    None,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let integer = Option_i32::Some(5);\n"
"    let float = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you had\n"
"hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction."
msgstr ""
"Il s'agit d'une abstraction à coût nul : vous obtenez exactement le même résultat que si vous aviez\n"
"codé à la main les structures de données sans l'abstraction."

#: src/traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Traits"
msgstr "# Caractéristiques"

#: src/traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:"
msgstr "Rust vous permet d'abstraire les types avec des traits. Ils sont similaires aux interfaces :"

#: src/traits.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"trait Pet {\n"
"    fn name(&self) -> String;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Dog {\n"
"    name: String,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Cat;\n"
"\n"
"impl Pet for Dog {\n"
"    fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
"        self.name.clone()\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Pet for Cat {\n"
"    fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
"        String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it anyway.\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn greet<P: Pet>(pet: &P) {\n"
"    println!(\"Who's a cutie? {} is!\", pet.name());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let fido = Dog { name: \"Fido\".into() };\n"
"    greet(&fido);\n"
"\n"
"    let captain_floof = Cat;\n"
"    greet(&captain_floof);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Trait Objects"
msgstr "# Objets de trait"

#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a collection:"
msgstr "Les objets de trait autorisent des valeurs de différents types, par exemple dans une collection :"

#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"trait Pet {\n"
"    fn name(&self) -> String;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Dog {\n"
"    name: String,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Cat;\n"
"\n"
"impl Pet for Dog {\n"
"    fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
"        self.name.clone()\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Pet for Cat {\n"
"    fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
"        String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it anyway.\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let pets: Vec<Box<dyn Pet>> = vec![\n"
"        Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n"
"        Box::new(Cat),\n"
"    ];\n"
"    for pet in pets {\n"
"        println!(\"Hello {}!\", pet.name());\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:"
msgstr "Disposition de la mémoire après l'allocation de `pets` :"

#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:42
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack                             Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.     .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
":                           :     :                                             :\n"
":    pets                   :     :                                             :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :     :   +-----+-----+                             :\n"
":   | ptr       |   o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o |                             :\n"
":   | len       |     2 |   :     :   +-|-|-+-|-|-+                             :\n"
":   | capacity  |     2 |   :     :     | |   | |   +---------------+           :\n"
":   +-----------+-------+   :     :     | |   | '-->| name: \"Fido\"  |           :\n"
":                           :     :     | |   |     +---------------+           :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'     :     | |   |                                 :\n"
"                                  :     | |   |     +----------------------+    :   \n"
"                                  :     | |   '---->| \"<Dog as Pet>::name\" |    :\n"
"                                  :     | |         +----------------------+    : \n"
"                                  :     | |                                     : \n"
"                                  :     | |   +-+                               :   \n"
"                                  :     | '-->|\\|                               :     \n"
"                                  :     |     +-+                               :    \n"
"                                  :     |                                       : \n"
"                                  :     |     +----------------------+          : \n"
"                                  :     '---->| \"<Cat as Pet>::name\" |          : \n"
"                                  :           +----------------------+          :\n"
"                                  :                                             :\n"
"                                  '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:72
msgid ""
"* Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it impossible to have things like `Vec<Pet>` in the example above.\n"
"* `dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that implements `Pet`.\n"
"* In the example, `pets` holds *fat pointers* to objects that implement `Pet`. The fat pointer consists of two components, a pointer to the actual "
"object and a pointer to the virtual method table for the `Pet` implementation of that particular object.\n"
"* Compare these outputs in the above example:\n"
"     ```rust,ignore\n"
"         println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::<Cat>());\n"
"         println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::<&Cat>());\n"
"         println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n"
"         println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Pet>>());\n"
"     ```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Deriving Traits"
msgstr "# Traits dérivés"

#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez laisser le compilateur dériver un certain nombre de traits :"

#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n"
"struct Player {\n"
"    name: String,\n"
"    strength: u8,\n"
"    hit_points: u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let p1 = Player::default();\n"
"    let p2 = p1.clone();\n"
"    println!(\"Is {:?}\\nequal to {:?}?\\nThe answer is {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n"
"             if p1 == p2 { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" });\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/default-methods.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Default Methods"
msgstr "# Méthodes par défaut"

#: src/traits/default-methods.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:"
msgstr "Les traits peuvent implémenter un comportement en termes d'autres méthodes de trait :"

#: src/traits/default-methods.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"trait Equals {\n"
"    fn equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
"    fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
"        !self.equal(other)\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Centimeter(i16);\n"
"\n"
"impl Equals for Centimeter {\n"
"    fn equal(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n"
"        self.0 == other.0\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let a = Centimeter(10);\n"
"    let b = Centimeter(20);\n"
"    println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equal(&b));\n"
"    println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equal(&b));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/default-methods.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Traits may specify pre-implemented (default) methods and methods that users are required to\n"
"  implement themselves. Methods with default implementations can rely on required methods.\n"
"\n"
"* Move method `not_equal` to a new trait `NotEqual`.\n"
"\n"
"* Make `NotEqual` a super trait for `Equal`.\n"
"\n"
"* Provide a blanket implementation of `NotEqual` for `Equal`.\n"
"  * With the blanket implementation, you no longer need `NotEqual` as a super trait for `Equal`."
msgstr ""
"* Les caractéristiques peuvent spécifier des méthodes pré-implémentées (par défaut) et des méthodes que les utilisateurs sont tenus de suivre\n"
"  mettre en œuvre eux-mêmes. Les méthodes avec des implémentations par défaut peuvent s'appuyer sur les méthodes requises.\n"
"\n"
"* Déplacez la méthode `not_equal` vers un nouveau trait `NotEqual`.\n"
"\n"
"* Faites de `NotEqual` un super trait pour `Equal`.\n"
"\n"
"* Fournir une implémentation globale de `NotEqual` pour `Equal`.\n"
"  * Avec l'implémentation globale, vous n'avez plus besoin de `NotEqual` comme super trait pour `Equal`."

#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Trait Bounds"
msgstr "# Limites de trait"

#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement\n"
"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods."
msgstr ""
"Lorsque vous travaillez avec des génériques, vous souhaitez souvent exiger que les types implémentent\n"
"un trait, afin que vous puissiez appeler les méthodes de ce trait."

#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez le faire avec `T: Trait` ou `impl Trait` :"

#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn duplicate<T: Clone>(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n"
"    (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Syntactic sugar for:\n"
"//   fn add_42_millions<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
"fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into<i32>) -> i32 {\n"
"    x.into() + 42_000_000\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// struct NotClonable;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n"
"    let pair = duplicate(foo);\n"
"    println!(\"{pair:?}\");\n"
"\n"
"    let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n"
"    println!(\"{many}\");\n"
"    let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n"
"    println!(\"{many_more}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code."
msgstr "Montrez une clause \"où\", les étudiants la rencontreront lors de la lecture du code."

#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:37
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"fn duplicate<T>(a: T) -> (T, T)\n"
"where\n"
"    T: Clone,\n"
"{\n"
"    (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters.\n"
"* It has additional features making it more powerful.\n"
"    * If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can be arbitrary, like `Option<T>`.\n"
"    "
msgstr ""
"* Cela désencombre la signature de la fonction si vous avez beaucoup de paramètres.\n"
"* Il a des fonctionnalités supplémentaires qui le rendent plus puissant.\n"
"    * Si quelqu'un demande, la fonctionnalité supplémentaire est que le type à gauche de \":\" peut être arbitraire, comme `Option<T>`.\n"
"    "

#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `impl Trait`"
msgstr "# `Trait d'implémentation`"

#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function\n"
"arguments and return values:"
msgstr ""
"Semblable aux limites de trait, une syntaxe `impl Trait` peut être utilisée dans la fonction\n"
"arguments et valeurs de retour :"

#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::fmt::Display;\n"
"\n"
"fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
"    format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n"
"    println!(\"{x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "* `impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name."
msgstr "* `impl Trait` vous permet de travailler avec des types que vous ne pouvez pas nommer."

#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "The meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions."
msgstr "La signification de `impl Trait` est un peu différente dans les différentes positions."

#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a trait bound.\n"
"\n"
"* For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that implements the trait,\n"
"  without naming the type. This can be useful when you don't want to expose the concrete type in a\n"
"  public API.\n"
"\n"
"  Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` picks\n"
"  the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A function\n"
"  returning a generic type like `collect<B>() -> B` can return any type\n"
"  satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with `let x:\n"
"  Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::<Vec<_>>()`."
msgstr ""
"* Pour un paramètre, `impl Trait` est comme un paramètre générique anonyme avec un trait lié.\n"
"\n"
"* Pour un type de retour, cela signifie que le type de retour est un type concret qui implémente le trait,\n"
"  sans nommer le type. Cela peut être utile lorsque vous ne souhaitez pas exposer le type concret dans un\n"
"  API publique.\n"
"\n"
"  L'inférence est difficile en position de retour. Une fonction renvoyant `impl Foo` sélectionne\n"
"  le type concret qu'il renvoie, sans l'écrire dans la source. Une fonction\n"
"  retourner un type générique comme `collect<B>() -> B` peut retourner n'importe quel type\n"
"  satisfaisant `B`, et l'appelant peut avoir besoin d'en choisir un, comme avec `let x :\n"
"  Vec<_> = foo.collect()` ou avec le turbofish, `foo.collect ::<Vec<_>>()`."

#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to explain that\n"
"nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` type. If we used a single \n"
"`T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type.\n"
"It would not work for this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely not\n"
"what `format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` syntax, we'd need two\n"
"independent generic parameters."
msgstr ""
"Cet exemple est génial, car il utilise `impl Display` deux fois. Cela aide à expliquer que\n"
"rien ici n'impose qu'il s'agisse du _même_ type `impl Display`. Si nous utilisions un seul\n"
"`T: Display`, cela imposerait la contrainte selon laquelle l'entrée `T` et le type de retour `T` sont du même type.\n"
"Cela ne fonctionnerait pas pour cette fonction particulière, car le type que nous attendons en entrée n'est probablement pas\n"
"quel `format!` renvoie. Si nous voulions faire la même chose via la syntaxe `: Display`, nous aurions besoin de deux\n"
"paramètres génériques indépendants."

#: src/traits/important-traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Important Traits"
msgstr "# Caractéristiques importantes"

#: src/traits/important-traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard library:"
msgstr "Nous allons maintenant examiner certaines des caractéristiques les plus courantes de la bibliothèque standard Rust :"

#: src/traits/important-traits.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [`Iterator`][1] and [`IntoIterator`][2] used in `for` loops,\n"
"* [`From`][3] and [`Into`][4] used to convert values,\n"
"* [`Read`][5] and [`Write`][6] used for IO,\n"
"* [`Add`][7], [`Mul`][8], ... used for operator overloading, and\n"
"* [`Drop`][9] used for defining destructors.\n"
"* [`Default`][10] used to construct a default instance of a type."
msgstr ""
"* [`Iterator`][1] et [`IntoIterator`][2] utilisés dans les boucles `for`,\n"
"* [`From`][3] et [`Into`][4] utilisés pour convertir les valeurs,\n"
"* [`Read`][5] et [`Write`][6] utilisés pour IO,\n"
"* [`Add`][7], [`Mul`][8], ... utilisé pour la surcharge de l'opérateur, et\n"
"* [`Drop`][9] utilisé pour définir les destructeurs.\n"
"* [`Default`][10] utilisé pour construire une instance par défaut d'un type."

#: src/traits/iterator.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Iterators"
msgstr "# Itérateurs"

#: src/traits/iterator.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can implement the [`Iterator`][1] trait on your own types:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez implémenter le trait [`Iterator`][1] sur vos propres types :"

#: src/traits/iterator.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Fibonacci {\n"
"    curr: u32,\n"
"    next: u32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Iterator for Fibonacci {\n"
"    type Item = u32;\n"
"\n"
"    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {\n"
"        let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n"
"        self.curr = self.next;\n"
"        self.next = new_next;\n"
"        Some(self.curr)\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n"
"    for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n"
"        println!(\"fib({i}): {n}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/iterator.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming operations over collections \n"
"  (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is the trait where you can find all the documentation\n"
"  about them. In Rust these functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative\n"
"  implementations.\n"
"    \n"
"* `IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by collection types such as\n"
"  `Vec<T>` and references to them such as `&Vec<T>` and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it. This is why\n"
"  you can iterate over a vector with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but\n"
"  `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist."
msgstr ""
"* Le trait `Iterator` implémente de nombreuses opérations de programmation fonctionnelles courantes sur les collections\n"
"  (par exemple, `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc.). C'est le trait où vous pouvez trouver toute la documentation\n"
"  à propos d'eux. Dans Rust, ces fonctions devraient produire le code aussi efficace que l'impératif équivalent\n"
"  implémentations.\n"
"    \n"
"* `IntoIterator` est le trait qui fait fonctionner les boucles. Il est implémenté par des types de collection tels que\n"
"  `Vec<T>` et leurs références telles que `&Vec<T>` et `&[T]`. Les gammes l'implémentent également. C'est pourquoi\n"
"  vous pouvez itérer sur un vecteur avec `for i in some_vec { .. }` mais\n"
"  `some_vec.next()` n'existe pas."

#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# FromIterator"
msgstr "# FromIterator"

#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`FromIterator`][1] lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`][2]."
msgstr "[`FromIterator`][1] vous permet de créer une collection à partir d'un [`Iterator`][2]."

#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let primes = vec![2, 3, 5, 7];\n"
"    let prime_squares = primes\n"
"        .into_iter()\n"
"        .map(|prime| prime * prime)\n"
"        .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Iterator` implements\n"
"`fn collect<B>(self) -> B\n"
"where\n"
"    B: FromIterator<Self::Item>,\n"
"    Self: Sized`"
msgstr ""
"Implémente `Iterator`\n"
"`fn collect<B>(soi) -> B\n"
"où\n"
"    B : FromIterator<Self::Item>,\n"
"    Auto : dimensionné"

#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are also implementations which let you do cool things like convert an\n"
"`Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` into a `Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
msgstr ""
"Il existe également des implémentations qui vous permettent de faire des choses sympas comme convertir un\n"
"`Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` en un `Result<Vec<V>, E>`."

#: src/traits/from-into.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `From` and `Into`"
msgstr "# `De` et `Dans`"

#: src/traits/from-into.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Types implement [`From`][1] and [`Into`][2] to facilitate type conversions:"
msgstr "Les types implémentent [`From`][1] et [`Into`][2] pour faciliter les conversions de type :"

#: src/traits/from-into.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let s = String::from(\"hello\");\n"
"    let addr = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n"
"    let one = i16::from(true);\n"
"    let bigger = i32::from(123i16);\n"
"    println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/from-into.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`Into`][2] is automatically implemented when [`From`][1] is implemented:"
msgstr "[`Into`][2] est automatiquement implémenté lorsque [`From`][1] est implémenté :"

#: src/traits/from-into.md:17
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let s: String = \"hello\".into();\n"
"    let addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n"
"    let one: i16 = true.into();\n"
"    let bigger: i32 = 123i16.into();\n"
"    println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/from-into.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get `Into` implementation too.\n"
"* When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use "
"`Into`.\n"
"  Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ implement `Into`.\n"
"    "
msgstr ""
"* C'est pourquoi il est courant de n'implémenter que `From`, car votre type recevra également l'implémentation `Into`.\n"
"* Lors de la déclaration d'un type d'entrée d'argument de fonction comme \"tout ce qui peut être converti en `String`\", la règle est opposée, vous "
"devez utiliser `Into`.\n"
"  Votre fonction acceptera les types qui implémentent `From` et ceux qui implémentent _uniquement_ `Into`.\n"
"    "

#: src/traits/read-write.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Read` and `Write`"
msgstr "# `Lire` et `Ecrire`"

#: src/traits/read-write.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Using [`Read`][1] and [`BufRead`][2], you can abstract over `u8` sources:"
msgstr "En utilisant [`Read`][1] et [`BufRead`][2], vous pouvez résumer les sources `u8` :"

#: src/traits/read-write.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};\n"
"\n"
"fn count_lines<R: Read>(reader: R) -> usize {\n"
"    let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n"
"    buf_reader.lines().count()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
"    let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n"
"    println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));\n"
"\n"
"    let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n"
"    println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n"
"    Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/read-write.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "Similarly, [`Write`][3] lets you abstract over `u8` sinks:"
msgstr "De même, [`Write`][3] vous permet d'abstraire les puits `u8` :"

#: src/traits/read-write.md:25
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::io::{Result, Write};\n"
"\n"
"fn log<W: Write>(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n"
"    writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n"
"    writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
"    let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n"
"    log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n"
"    log(&mut buffer, \"World\")?;\n"
"    println!(\"Logged: {:?}\", buffer);\n"
"    Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/drop.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# The `Drop` Trait"
msgstr "# Le trait `Lâcher`"

#: src/traits/drop.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Values which implement [`Drop`][1] can specify code to run when they go out of scope:"
msgstr "Les valeurs qui implémentent [`Drop`][1] peuvent spécifier le code à exécuter lorsqu'elles sortent de la portée :"

#: src/traits/drop.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Droppable {\n"
"    name: &'static str,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Drop for Droppable {\n"
"    fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
"        println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n"
"    {\n"
"        let b = Droppable { name: \"b\" };\n"
"        {\n"
"            let c = Droppable { name: \"c\" };\n"
"            let d = Droppable { name: \"d\" };\n"
"            println!(\"Exiting block B\");\n"
"        }\n"
"        println!(\"Exiting block A\");\n"
"    }\n"
"    drop(a);\n"
"    println!(\"Exiting main\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/drop.md:34 src/traits/operators.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "Discussion points:"
msgstr "Points de discussion:"

#: src/traits/drop.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?\n"
"    * Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of\n"
"        the block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack\n"
"        overflow!\n"
"* Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`."
msgstr ""
"* Pourquoi `Drop::drop` ne prend-il pas `self` ?\n"
"    * Réponse courte : si c'était le cas, `std::mem::drop` serait appelé à la fin de\n"
"        le bloc, résultant en un autre appel à `Drop :: drop`, et une pile\n"
"        débordement!\n"
"* Essayez de remplacer `drop(a)` par `a.drop()`."

#: src/traits/default.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# The `Default` Trait"
msgstr "# Le trait \"par défaut\""

#: src/traits/default.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`Default`][1] trait provides a default implementation of a trait."
msgstr "[`Default`][1] trait fournit une implémentation par défaut d'un trait."

#: src/traits/default.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
"struct Derived {\n"
"    x: u32,\n"
"    y: String,\n"
"    z: Implemented,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Implemented(String);\n"
"\n"
"impl Default for Implemented {\n"
"    fn default() -> Self {\n"
"        Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let default_struct: Derived = Default::default();\n"
"    println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");\n"
"\n"
"    let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n"
"        y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n"
"        ..Default::default()\n"
"    };\n"
"    println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");\n"
"\n"
"    let nothing: Option<Derived> = None;\n"
"    println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/default.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"  * It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`.\n"
"  * Derived implementation will produce an instance where all fields are set to their default values.\n"
"    * This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too.\n"
"  * Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. `0`, `\"\"`, etc).\n"
"  * The partial struct copy works nicely with default.\n"
"  * Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and provides convenience methods that use it."
msgstr ""
"  * Il peut être implémenté directement ou il peut être dérivé via `#[derive(Default)]`.\n"
"  * L'implémentation dérivée produira une instance où tous les champs sont définis sur leurs valeurs par défaut.\n"
"    * Cela signifie que tous les types de la structure doivent également implémenter `Default`.\n"
"  * Les types Rust standard implémentent souvent `Default` avec des valeurs raisonnables (par exemple `0`, `\"\"`, etc.).\n"
"  * La copie de structure partielle fonctionne bien avec la valeur par défaut.\n"
"  * La bibliothèque standard Rust est consciente que les types peuvent implémenter `Default` et fournit des méthodes pratiques qui l'utilisent."

#: src/traits/operators.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Add`, `Mul`, ..."
msgstr "# `Ajouter`, `Mul`, ..."

#: src/traits/operators.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`][1]:"
msgstr "La surcharge d'opérateur est implémentée via des traits dans [`std::ops`][1] :"

#: src/traits/operators.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n"
"struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }\n"
"\n"
"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
"    type Output = Self;\n"
"\n"
"    fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
"        Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n"
"    let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n"
"    println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/operators.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful? \n"
"    * Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are\n"
"        overloading the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading\n"
"        the operator for `&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the\n"
"        call site.\n"
"* Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter?\n"
"    * Short answer: Type parameters are controlled by the caller, but\n"
"        associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementor of a\n"
"        trait."
msgstr ""
"* Vous pouvez implémenter `Add` pour `&Point`. Dans quelles situations est-ce utile ?\n"
"    * Réponse : `Add:add` consomme `self`. Si tapez `T` pour lequel vous êtes\n"
"        la surcharge de l'opérateur n'est pas `Copy`, vous devriez envisager de surcharger\n"
"        l'opérateur pour `&T` également. Cela évite un clonage inutile sur le\n"
"        site d'appel.\n"
"* Pourquoi `Output` est-il un type associé ? Pourrait-il en faire un paramètre de type?\n"
"    * Réponse courte : les paramètres de type sont contrôlés par l'appelant, mais\n"
"        les types associés (comme `Output`) sont contrôlés par l'implémenteur d'un\n"
"        trait."

#: src/traits/closures.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Closures"
msgstr "# Fermetures"

#: src/traits/closures.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, they\n"
"implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html),\n"
"[`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and\n"
"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:"
msgstr ""
"Les fermetures ou les expressions lambda ont des types qui ne peuvent pas être nommés. Cependant, ils\n"
"implémenter [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html) spécial,\n"
"[`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), et\n"
"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) :"

#: src/traits/closures.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 {\n"
"    println!(\"Calling function on {input}\");\n"
"    func(input)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n"
"    let mul_5 = |x| x * 5;\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n"
"    println!(\"mul_5: {}\", apply_with_log(mul_5, 20));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/traits/closures.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "If you have an `FnOnce`, you may only call it once. It might consume captured values."
msgstr "Si vous avez un \"FnOnce\", vous ne pouvez l'appeler qu'une seule fois. Cela peut consommer des valeurs capturées."

#: src/traits/closures.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "An `FnMut` might mutate captured values, so you can call it multiple times but not concurrently."
msgstr "Un `FnMut` peut faire muter les valeurs capturées, vous pouvez donc l'appeler plusieurs fois mais pas simultanément."

#: src/traits/closures.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"An `Fn` neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or perhaps captures nothing at all, so it can\n"
"be called multiple times concurrently."
msgstr ""
"Un `Fn` ne consomme ni ne modifie les valeurs capturées, ou peut-être ne capture rien du tout, il peut donc\n"
"être appelé plusieurs fois simultanément."

#: src/traits/closures.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. I.e. you can use an\n"
"`FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce`\n"
"is called for."
msgstr ""
"`FnMut` est un sous-type de `FnOnce`. `Fn` est un sous-type de `FnMut` et `FnOnce`. C'est à dire. vous pouvez utiliser un\n"
"`FnMut` partout où un `FnOnce` est appelé, et vous pouvez utiliser un `Fn` partout où un `FnMut` ou `FnOnce`\n"
"est réclamé."

#: src/traits/closures.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "`move` closures only implement `FnOnce`."
msgstr "Les fermetures `move` n'implémentent que `FnOnce`."

#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 3: Morning Exercises"
msgstr "# Jour 3 : Exercices du matin"

#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will design a classical GUI library traits and trait objects."
msgstr "Nous allons concevoir une bibliothèque de traits et d'objets de traits d'interface graphique classique."

#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# A Simple GUI Library"
msgstr "# Une bibliothèque d'interface graphique simple"

#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits and\n"
"trait objects."
msgstr ""
"Concevons une bibliothèque d'interface graphique classique en utilisant nos nouvelles connaissances sur les traits et\n"
"objets trait."

#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:"
msgstr "Nous aurons un certain nombre de widgets dans notre bibliothèque :"

#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets.\n"
"* `Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the\n"
"  button is pressed.\n"
"* `Label`: has a `label`."
msgstr ""
"* `Window` : a un `title` et contient d'autres widgets.\n"
"* `Button` : a un `label` et une fonction de rappel qui est invoquée lorsque le\n"
"  bouton est enfoncé.\n"
"* `Label` : a un `label`."

#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below."
msgstr "Les widgets implémenteront un trait `Widget`, voir ci-dessous."

#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, fill in the missing\n"
"`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:"
msgstr ""
"Copiez le code ci-dessous sur <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, remplissez les champs manquants\n"
"méthodes `draw_into` afin que vous implémentiez le trait `Widget` :"

#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:18
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"pub trait Widget {\n"
"    /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
"    fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
"\n"
"    /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
"    fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
"\n"
"    /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
"    fn draw(&self) {\n"
"        let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
"        self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
"        println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Label {\n"
"    label: String,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Label {\n"
"    fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
"        Label {\n"
"            label: label.to_owned(),\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Button {\n"
"    label: Label,\n"
"    callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Button {\n"
"    fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
"        Button {\n"
"            label: Label::new(label),\n"
"            callback,\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Window {\n"
"    title: String,\n"
"    widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Window {\n"
"    fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
"        Window {\n"
"            title: title.to_owned(),\n"
"            widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
"        self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"impl Widget for Label {\n"
"    fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Widget for Button {\n"
"    fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Widget for Window {\n"
"    fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
"    window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo.\")));\n"
"    window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
"        \"Click me!\",\n"
"        Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
"    )));\n"
"    window.draw();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:123
#, fuzzy
msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:"
msgstr "La sortie du programme ci-dessus peut être quelque chose de simple comme ceci :"

#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:125
msgid ""
"```text\n"
"========\n"
"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\n"
"========\n"
"\n"
"This is a small text GUI demo.\n"
"\n"
"| Click me! |\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:135
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the\n"
"[fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment)\n"
"formatting operators. In particular, notice how you can pad with different\n"
"characters (here a `'/'`) and how you can control alignment:"
msgstr ""
"Si vous voulez dessiner du texte aligné, vous pouvez utiliser le\n"
"[remplissage/alignement](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment)\n"
"opérateurs de formatage. En particulier, notez comment vous pouvez compléter avec différents\n"
"caractères (ici un `'/'`) et comment vous pouvez contrôler l'alignement :"

#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:140
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let width = 10;\n"
"    println!(\"left aligned:  |{:/<width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
"    println!(\"centered:      |{:/^width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
"    println!(\"right aligned: |{:/>width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:149
#, fuzzy
msgid "Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:"
msgstr "En utilisant de telles astuces d'alignement, vous pouvez par exemple produire une sortie comme celle-ci :"

#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:151
msgid ""
"```text\n"
"+--------------------------------+\n"
"|       Rust GUI Demo 1.23       |\n"
"+================================+\n"
"| This is a small text GUI demo. |\n"
"| +-----------+                  |\n"
"| | Click me! |                  |\n"
"| +-----------+                  |\n"
"+--------------------------------+\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/error-handling.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Error Handling"
msgstr "# La gestion des erreurs"

#: src/error-handling.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:"
msgstr "La gestion des erreurs dans Rust est effectuée à l'aide d'un flux de contrôle explicite :"

#: src/error-handling.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Functions that can have errors list this in their return type,\n"
"* There are no exceptions."
msgstr ""
"* Les fonctions qui peuvent avoir des erreurs le listent dans leur type de retour,\n"
"* Il n'y a aucune exception."

#: src/error-handling/panics.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Panics"
msgstr "# paniques"

#: src/error-handling/panics.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:"
msgstr "Rust déclenchera une panique si une erreur fatale se produit lors de l'exécution :"

#: src/error-handling/panics.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,should_panic\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
"    println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/error-handling/panics.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors.\n"
"  * Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program.\n"
"* Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable."
msgstr ""
"* Les paniques concernent les erreurs irrécupérables et inattendues.\n"
"  * Les paniques sont des symptômes de bogues dans le programme.\n"
"* Utilisez des API qui ne paniquent pas (telles que `Vec::get`) si le plantage n'est pas acceptable."

#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Catching the Stack Unwinding"
msgstr "# Attraper la pile qui se déroule"

#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be caught:"
msgstr "Par défaut, une panique entraînera le déroulement de la pile. Le déroulement peut être rattrapé :"

#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"use std::panic;\n"
"\n"
"let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
"    println!(\"hello!\");\n"
"});\n"
"assert!(result.is_ok());\n"
"\n"
"let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
"    panic!(\"oh no!\");\n"
"});\n"
"assert!(result.is_err());\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single\n"
"  request crashes.\n"
"* This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`."
msgstr ""
"* Cela peut être utile dans les serveurs qui doivent continuer à fonctionner même si un seul\n"
"  la demande se bloque.\n"
"* Cela ne fonctionne pas si `panic = 'abort'` est défini dans votre `Cargo.toml`."

#: src/error-handling/result.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Structured Error Handling with `Result`"
msgstr "# Gestion structurée des erreurs avec `Result`"

#: src/error-handling/result.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when errors are\n"
"expected as part of normal operation:"
msgstr ""
"Nous avons déjà vu l'énumération `Result`. Ceci est utilisé partout lorsque des erreurs sont\n"
"prévu dans le cadre d'un fonctionnement normal :"

#: src/error-handling/result.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"use std::fs::File;\n"
"use std::io::Read;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let file = File::open(\"diary.txt\");\n"
"    match file {\n"
"        Ok(mut file) => {\n"
"            let mut contents = String::new();\n"
"            file.read_to_string(&mut contents);\n"
"            println!(\"Dear diary: {contents}\");\n"
"        },\n"
"        Err(err) => {\n"
"            println!(\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\");\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/error-handling/result.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"  * As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the developer to\n"
"    explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the case where an error should never happen,\n"
"    `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too.  \n"
"  * `Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it is worth mentioning. \n"
"    It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions that help functional-style programming. \n"
"    "
msgstr ""
"  * Comme pour `Option`, la valeur réussie se trouve à l'intérieur de `Result`, obligeant le développeur à\n"
"    l'extraire explicitement. Cela encourage la vérification des erreurs. Dans le cas où une erreur ne devrait jamais se produire,\n"
"    `unwrap()` ou `expect()` peut être appelé, et c'est aussi un signal de l'intention du développeur.\n"
"  * La documentation `Result` est une lecture recommandée. Pas pendant le cours, mais cela vaut la peine d'être mentionné.\n"
"    Il contient de nombreuses méthodes et fonctions pratiques qui facilitent la programmation de style fonctionnel.\n"
"    "

#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Propagating Errors with `?`"
msgstr "# Propagation des erreurs avec `?`"

#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you turn\n"
"the common"
msgstr ""
"L'opérateur try `?` est utilisé pour renvoyer des erreurs à l'appelant. Il vous permet de tourner\n"
"le commun"

#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"match some_expression {\n"
"    Ok(value) => value,\n"
"    Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "into the much simpler"
msgstr "dans le plus simple"

#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:15
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"some_expression?\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handing code:"
msgstr "Nous pouvons l'utiliser pour simplifier notre code de gestion des erreurs :"

#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:21
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::fs;\n"
"use std::io::{self, Read};\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, io::Error> {\n"
"    let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);\n"
"\n"
"    let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n"
"        Ok(file) => file,\n"
"        Err(e) => return Err(e),\n"
"    };\n"
"\n"
"    let mut username = String::new();\n"
"\n"
"    match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n"
"        Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n"
"        Err(e) => Err(e),\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
"    let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
"    println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:52 src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`.\n"
"* Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty file, file with username."
msgstr ""
"* La variable `username` peut être soit `Ok(string)` soit `Err(error)`.\n"
"* Utilisez l'appel `fs::write` pour tester les différents scénarios : pas de fichier, fichier vide, fichier avec nom d'utilisateur."

#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:1 src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Converting Error Types"
msgstr "# Conversion des types d'erreurs"

#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously indicated:"
msgstr "L'expansion effective de `?` est un peu plus compliquée qu'indiqué précédemment :"

#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"expression?\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "works the same as"
msgstr "fonctionne de la même manière que"

#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:11
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"match expression {\n"
"    Ok(value) => value,\n"
"    Err(err)  => return Err(From::from(err)),\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to the\n"
"type returned by the function:"
msgstr ""
"L'appel `From::from` ici signifie que nous essayons de convertir le type d'erreur en\n"
"type renvoyé par la fonction :"

#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::error::Error;\n"
"use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n"
"use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
"use std::io::{self, Read};\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
"    IoError(io::Error),\n"
"    EmptyUsername(String),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}\n"
"\n"
"impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n"
"    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n"
"        match self {\n"
"            Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {e}\"),\n"
"            Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username in {filename}\"),\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl From<io::Error> for ReadUsernameError {\n"
"    fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n"
"        ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
"    let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
"    File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
"    if username.is_empty() {\n"
"        return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
"    }\n"
"    Ok(username)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
"    let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
"    println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:55
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is good practice for all error types to implement `std::error::Error`, which requires `Debug` and\n"
"`Display`. It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too where possible, to make\n"
"life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In this case we can't easily do so, because\n"
"`io::Error` doesn't implement them."
msgstr ""
"C'est une bonne pratique pour tous les types d'erreurs d'implémenter `std::error::Error`, qui nécessite `Debug` et\n"
"'Affichage'. Il est généralement utile pour eux d'implémenter `Clone` et `Eq` aussi lorsque cela est possible, pour faire\n"
"la vie plus facile pour les testeurs et les consommateurs de votre bibliothèque. Dans ce cas, nous ne pouvons pas le faire facilement, car\n"
"`io::Error` ne les implémente pas."

#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Deriving Error Enums"
msgstr "# Dérivation des énumérations d'erreur"

#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) crate is a popular way to create an\n"
"error enum like we did on the previous page:"
msgstr ""
"La caisse [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) est un moyen populaire de créer un\n"
"error enum comme nous l'avons fait sur la page précédente :"

#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
"use std::io::Read;\n"
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n"
"enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
"    #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n"
"    IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n"
"    #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
"    EmptyUsername(String),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
"    let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
"    fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
"    if username.is_empty() {\n"
"        return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
"    }\n"
"    Ok(username)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
"    match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
"        Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
"        Err(err)     => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, and optionally `Display`\n"
"(if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) and `From` (if the `#[from]` attribute is added).\n"
"It also works for structs."
msgstr ""
"La macro de dérivation de `thiserror` implémente automatiquement `std::error::Error` et éventuellement `Display`\n"
"(si les attributs `#[error(...)]` sont fournis) et `From` (si l'attribut `#[from]` est ajouté).\n"
"Cela fonctionne également pour les structures."

#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries."
msgstr "Cela n'affecte pas votre API publique, ce qui le rend bon pour les bibliothèques."

#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Dynamic Error Types"
msgstr "# Types d'erreurs dynamiques"

#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing our own enum covering\n"
"all the different possibilities. `std::error::Error` makes this easy."
msgstr ""
"Parfois, nous voulons permettre à tout type d'erreur d'être renvoyé sans écrire notre propre énumération couvrant\n"
"toutes les différentes possibilités. `std::error::Error` rend cela facile."

#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
"use std::io::Read;\n"
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
"use std::error::Error;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n"
"#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
"struct EmptyUsernameError(String);\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
"    let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
"    File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
"    if username.is_empty() {\n"
"        return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n"
"    }\n"
"    Ok(username)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
"    match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
"        Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
"        Err(err)     => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle different error cases differently in\n"
"the program. As such it's generally not a good idea to use `Box<dyn Error>` in the public API of a\n"
"library, but it can be a good option in a program where you just want to display the error message\n"
"somewhere."
msgstr ""
"Cela permet d'économiser du code, mais abandonne la possibilité de gérer proprement différents cas d'erreur différemment dans\n"
"le programme. En tant que tel, ce n'est généralement pas une bonne idée d'utiliser `Box<dyn Error>` dans l'API publique d'un\n"
"bibliothèque, mais cela peut être une bonne option dans un programme où vous voulez juste afficher le message d'erreur\n"
"quelque part."

#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Adding Context to Errors"
msgstr "# Ajouter du contexte aux erreurs"

#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add\n"
"contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer\n"
"custom error types:"
msgstr ""
"La caisse [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) largement utilisée peut vous aider à ajouter\n"
"des informations contextuelles à vos erreurs et vous permet d'avoir moins\n"
"types d'erreur personnalisés :"

#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
"use std::io::Read;\n"
"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String> {\n"
"    let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
"    fs::File::open(path)\n"
"        .with_context(|| format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n"
"        .read_to_string(&mut username)\n"
"        .context(\"Failed to read\")?;\n"
"    if username.is_empty() {\n"
"        bail!(\"Found no username in {path}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"    Ok(username)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
"    match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
"        Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
"        Err(err)     => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `anyhow::Result<V>` is a type alias for `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`.\n"
"* `anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box<dyn Error>`. As such it's again generally not\n"
"  a good choice for the public API of a library, but is widely used in applications.\n"
"* Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if necessary.\n"
"* Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result<T>` may be familiar to Go developers, as it provides\n"
"  similar usage patterns and ergonomics to `(T, error)` from Go."
msgstr ""
"* `anyhow::Result<V>` est un alias de type pour `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`.\n"
"* `anyhow::Error` est essentiellement un wrapper autour de `Box<dyn Error>`. En tant que tel, ce n'est généralement pas\n"
"  un bon choix pour l'API publique d'une bibliothèque, mais il est largement utilisé dans les applications.\n"
"* Le type d'erreur réel à l'intérieur peut être extrait pour examen si nécessaire.\n"
"* La fonctionnalité fournie par `anyhow::Result<T>` peut être familière aux développeurs Go, car elle fournit\n"
"  modèles d'utilisation et ergonomie similaires à `(T, erreur)` de Go."

#: src/testing.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Testing"
msgstr "# Test"

#: src/testing.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:"
msgstr "Rust et Cargo sont livrés avec un cadre de test unitaire simple :"

#: src/testing.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Unit tests are supported throughout your code.\n"
"\n"
"* Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory."
msgstr ""
"* Les tests unitaires sont pris en charge dans tout votre code.\n"
"\n"
"* Les tests d'intégration sont pris en charge via le répertoire `tests/`."

#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Unit Tests"
msgstr "# Tests unitaires"

#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:"
msgstr "Marquez les tests unitaires avec `#[test]` :"

#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n"
"    match text.find(' ') {\n"
"        Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n"
"        None => &text,\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_empty() {\n"
"    assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_single_word() {\n"
"    assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_multiple_words() {\n"
"    assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests."
msgstr "Utilisez `cargo test` pour rechercher et exécuter les tests unitaires."

#: src/testing/test-modules.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Test Modules"
msgstr "# Modules d'essai"

#: src/testing/test-modules.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the\n"
"[Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
msgstr ""
"Les tests unitaires sont souvent placés dans un module imbriqué (exécuter des tests sur le\n"
"[Terrain de jeu](https://play.rust-lang.org/)) :"

#: src/testing/test-modules.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n"
"    format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub fn main() {\n"
"    println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
"mod tests {\n"
"    use super::*;\n"
"\n"
"    #[test]\n"
"    fn test_helper() {\n"
"        assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/testing/test-modules.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* This lets you unit test private helpers.\n"
"* The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`."
msgstr ""
"* Cela vous permet de tester unitairement les helpers privés.\n"
"* L'attribut `#[cfg(test)]` n'est actif que lorsque vous lancez `cargo test`."

#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Documentation Tests"
msgstr "# Essais documentaires"

#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:"
msgstr "Rust a un support intégré pour les tests de documentation :"

#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n"
"///\n"
"/// ```\n"
"/// use playground::shorten_string;\n"
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n"
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n"
"/// ```\n"
"pub fn shorten_string(s: &str, length: usize) -> &str {\n"
"    &s[..std::cmp::min(length, s.len())]\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code.\n"
"* The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`.\n"
"* Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
msgstr ""
"* Les blocs de code dans les commentaires `///` sont automatiquement considérés comme du code Rust.\n"
"* Le code sera compilé et exécuté dans le cadre du `cargo test`.\n"
"* Testez le code ci-dessus sur [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."

#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Integration Tests"
msgstr "# Tests d'intégration"

#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test."
msgstr "Si vous souhaitez tester votre bibliothèque en tant que client, utilisez un test d'intégration."

#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:"
msgstr "Créez un fichier `.rs` sous `tests/` :"

#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"use my_library::init;\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_init() {\n"
"    assert!(init().is_ok());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate."
msgstr "Ces tests n'ont accès qu'à l'API publique de votre crate."

#: src/unsafe.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Unsafe Rust"
msgstr "# Rouille dangereuse"

#: src/unsafe.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Rust language has two parts:"
msgstr "Le langage Rust comporte deux parties :"

#: src/unsafe.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* **Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible.\n"
"* **Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are violated."
msgstr ""
"* **Safe Rust :** mémoire sécurisée, aucun comportement indéfini possible.\n"
"* **Unsafe Rust :** peut déclencher un comportement indéfini si les conditions préalables ne sont pas respectées."

#: src/unsafe.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will be seeing mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to know\n"
"what Unsafe Rust is."
msgstr ""
"Nous verrons principalement Rust sûr dans ce cours, mais il est important de savoir\n"
"ce qu'est la rouille dangereuse."

#: src/unsafe.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be carefully\n"
"documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer."
msgstr ""
"Le code dangereux est généralement petit et isolé, et son exactitude doit être soigneusement\n"
"documenté. Il est généralement enveloppé dans une couche d'abstraction sûre."

#: src/unsafe.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:"
msgstr "Unsafe Rust vous donne accès à cinq nouvelles fonctionnalités :"

#: src/unsafe.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Dereference raw pointers.\n"
"* Access or modify mutable static variables.\n"
"* Access `union` fields.\n"
"* Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions.\n"
"* Implement `unsafe` traits."
msgstr ""
"* Déréférencer les pointeurs bruts.\n"
"* Accéder ou modifier des variables statiques mutables.\n"
"* Accéder aux champs \"union\".\n"
"* Appelez les fonctions `unsafe`, y compris les fonctions `extern`.\n"
"* Mettre en œuvre les traits \" non sécurisés \"."

#: src/unsafe.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please see\n"
"[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html)\n"
"and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
msgstr ""
"Nous aborderons ensuite brièvement les capacités dangereuses. Pour plus de détails, veuillez consulter\n"
"[Chapitre 19.1 du Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html)\n"
"et le [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."

#: src/unsafe.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers have\n"
"turned off the compiler safety features and have to write correct code by\n"
"themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety rules."
msgstr ""
"Unsafe Rust ne signifie pas que le code est incorrect. Cela signifie que les développeurs ont\n"
"désactivé les fonctionnalités de sécurité du compilateur et doit écrire le code correct en\n"
"eux-mêmes. Cela signifie que le compilateur n'applique plus les règles de sécurité de la mémoire de Rust."

#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Dereferencing Raw Pointers"
msgstr "# Déréférencement des pointeurs bruts"

#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:"
msgstr "La création de pointeurs est sûre, mais leur déréférencement nécessite `unsafe` :"

#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut num = 5;\n"
"\n"
"    let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n"
"    let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n"
"\n"
"    // Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are guaranteed to be non-null and\n"
"    // properly aligned, the objects underlying the references from which they were obtained are\n"
"    // live throughout the whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n"
"    // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n"
"    unsafe {\n"
"        println!(\"r1 is: {}\", *r1);\n"
"        *r1 = 10;\n"
"        println!(\"r2 is: {}\", *r2);\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write a comment for each\n"
"`unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it satisfies the safety requirements of the unsafe\n"
"operations it is doing."
msgstr ""
"Il est recommandé (et requis par le guide de style Android Rust) d'écrire un commentaire pour chaque\n"
"Bloc `unsafe` expliquant comment le code à l'intérieur satisfait aux exigences de sécurité de l'unsafe\n"
"opérations qu'il effectue."

#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be\n"
"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:"
msgstr ""
"Dans le cas des déréférencements de pointeurs, cela signifie que les pointeurs doivent être\n"
"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), c'est-à-dire :"

#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
" * The pointer must be non-null.\n"
" * The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single allocated object).\n"
" * The object must not have been deallocated.\n"
" * There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location.\n"
" * If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object must be live and no\n"
"   reference may be used to access the memory."
msgstr ""
" * Le pointeur doit être non nul.\n"
" * Le pointeur doit être _dereferenceable_ (dans les limites d'un seul objet alloué).\n"
" * L'objet ne doit pas avoir été désalloué.\n"
" * Il ne doit pas y avoir d'accès simultanés au même endroit.\n"
" * Si le pointeur a été obtenu en transtypant une référence, l'objet sous-jacent doit être actif et non\n"
"   référence peut être utilisée pour accéder à la mémoire."

#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned."
msgstr "Dans la plupart des cas, le pointeur doit également être correctement aligné."

#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Mutable Static Variables"
msgstr "# Variables statiques mutables"

#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:"
msgstr "Il est sûr de lire une variable statique immuable :"

#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable\n"
"static variables:"
msgstr ""
"Cependant, étant donné que des courses de données peuvent se produire, il n'est pas sûr de lire et d'écrire mutable\n"
"variables statiques :"

#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:16
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;\n"
"\n"
"fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n"
"    unsafe { COUNTER += inc; }  // Potential data race!\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    add_to_counter(42);\n"
"\n"
"    unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); }  // Potential data race!\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases where it might make sense\n"
"in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a heap allocator or working with some C APIs."
msgstr ""
"L'utilisation d'une statique mutable est généralement une mauvaise idée, mais il y a des cas où cela peut avoir du sens\n"
"dans le code `no_std` de bas niveau, comme l'implémentation d'un allocation de tas ou l'utilisation de certaines API C."

#: src/unsafe/unions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Unions"
msgstr "# syndicats"

#: src/unsafe/unions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:"
msgstr "Les unions sont comme des énumérations, mais vous devez suivre vous-même le champ actif :"

#: src/unsafe/unions.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[repr(C)]\n"
"union MyUnion {\n"
"    i: u8,\n"
"    b: bool,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n"
"    println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n"
"    println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b });  // Undefined behavior!\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/unsafe/unions.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They are occasionally needed\n"
"for interacting with C library APIs."
msgstr ""
"Les unions sont très rarement nécessaires dans Rust car vous pouvez généralement utiliser une énumération. Ils sont parfois nécessaires\n"
"pour interagir avec les API de la bibliothèque C."

#: src/unsafe/unions.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably want\n"
"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn.transmute.html) or a safe\n"
"wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy) crate."
msgstr ""
"Si vous voulez simplement réinterpréter les octets comme un type différent, vous voudrez probablement\n"
"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn.transmute.html) ou un coffre-fort\n"
"wrapper tel que la caisse [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy)."

#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Calling Unsafe Functions"
msgstr "# Appel de fonctions non sûres"

#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions you\n"
"must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:"
msgstr ""
"Une fonction ou une méthode peut être marquée \"unsafe\" si elle a des conditions préalables supplémentaires que vous\n"
"doit respecter pour éviter un comportement indéfini :"

#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n"
"\n"
"    // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds of\n"
"    // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n"
"    unsafe {\n"
"        println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n"
"        println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n"
"        println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n"
"\n"
"    // Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n"
"    // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n"
"    // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n"
"    s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Writing Unsafe Functions"
msgstr "# Écrire des fonctions non sécurisées"

#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular conditions to avoid undefined\n"
"behaviour."
msgstr ""
"Vous pouvez marquer vos propres fonctions comme \"non sécurisées\" si elles nécessitent des conditions particulières pour éviter undefined\n"
"comportement."

#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n"
"///\n"
"/// # Safety\n"
"///\n"
"/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n"
"unsafe fn swap(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n"
"    let temp = *a;\n"
"    *a = *b;\n"
"    *b = temp;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut a = 42;\n"
"    let mut b = 66;\n"
"\n"
"    // Safe because ...\n"
"    unsafe {\n"
"        swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "We wouldn't actually use pointers for this because it can be done safely with references."
msgstr "Nous n'utiliserions pas de pointeurs pour cela car cela peut être fait en toute sécurité avec des références."

#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an `unsafe` block. We can\n"
"prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Try adding it and see what happens."
msgstr ""
"Notez que le code non sécurisé est autorisé dans une fonction non sécurisée sans bloc « non sécurisé ». Nous pouvons\n"
"interdisez cela avec `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Essayez de l'ajouter et voyez ce qui se passe."

#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Calling External Code"
msgstr "# Appeler le code externe"

#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. Calling\n"
"them is thus unsafe:"
msgstr ""
"Les fonctions d'autres langages peuvent violer les garanties de Rust. Appel\n"
"eux est donc dangereux :"

#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"extern \"C\" {\n"
"    fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    unsafe {\n"
"        // Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n"
"        println!(\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\", abs(-3));\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is usually only a problem for extern functions which do things with pointers which might\n"
"violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C function might have undefined behaviour under any\n"
"arbitrary circumstances."
msgstr ""
"Ce n'est généralement un problème que pour les fonctions externes qui font des choses avec des pointeurs qui pourraient\n"
"violer le modèle de mémoire de Rust, mais en général, toute fonction C peut avoir un comportement indéfini sous n'importe quel\n"
"circonstances arbitraires."

#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:25
msgid ""
"The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI;\n"
"[other ABIs are available too](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)."
msgstr ""

#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Implementing Unsafe Traits"
msgstr "# Implémenter des traits dangereux"

#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation must guarantee\n"
"particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
msgstr ""
"Comme avec les fonctions, vous pouvez marquer un trait comme \"non sécurisé\" si l'implémentation doit garantir\n"
"conditions particulières pour éviter un comportement indéfini."

#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks\n"
"[something like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):"
msgstr ""
"Par exemple, la caisse \"zérocopie\" a un trait dangereux qui semble\n"
"[quelque chose comme ça](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):"

#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:9
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::mem::size_of_val;\n"
"use std::slice;\n"
"\n"
"/// ...\n"
"/// # Safety\n"
"/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n"
"pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n"
"    fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n"
"        unsafe {\n"
"            slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, size_of_val(self))\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n"
"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining the requirements for\n"
"the trait to be safely implemented."
msgstr ""
"Il devrait y avoir une section `# Sécurité` sur le Rustdoc pour le trait expliquant les exigences pour\n"
"le trait à mettre en œuvre en toute sécurité."

#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more complicated."
msgstr "La section de sécurité actuelle pour `AsBytes` est plutôt plus longue et plus compliquée."

#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe."
msgstr "Les traits intégrés \"Envoyer\" et \"Synchroniser\" ne sont pas sûrs."

#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 3: Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "# Jour 3 : Exercices de l'après-midi"

#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!"
msgstr "Construisons un wrapper sûr pour lire le contenu du répertoire !"

#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution] provided."
msgstr "Après avoir regardé l'exercice, vous pouvez regarder la [solution] fournie."

#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Safe FFI Wrapper"
msgstr "# Enveloppe FFI sécurisée"

#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function\n"
"interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc`\n"
"functions you would use from C to read the filenames of a directory."
msgstr ""
"Rust a un excellent support pour appeler des fonctions via une fonction _foreign\n"
"interface_ (FFI). Nous allons l'utiliser pour construire un wrapper sûr pour la `libc`\n"
"fonctions que vous utiliseriez à partir de C pour lire les noms de fichiers d'un répertoire."

#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:"
msgstr "Vous voudrez consulter les pages de manuel :"

#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)\n"
"* [`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)\n"
"* [`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
msgstr ""
"* [`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)\n"
"* [`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)\n"
"* [`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"

#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`] module, particular for [`CStr`]\n"
"and [`CString`] types which are used to hold NUL-terminated strings coming from\n"
"C. The [Nomicon] also has a very useful chapter about FFI."
msgstr ""
"Vous voudrez également parcourir le module [`std :: ffi`], en particulier pour [`CStr`]\n"
"et [`CString`] qui sont utilisés pour contenir des chaînes terminées par NUL provenant de\n"
"C. Le [Nomicon] a également un chapitre très utile sur FFI."

#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing\n"
"functions and methods:"
msgstr ""
"Copiez le code ci-dessous sur <https://play.rust-lang.org/> et remplissez les champs manquants\n"
"fonctions et méthodes :"

#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:25
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"mod ffi {\n"
"    use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};\n"
"\n"
"    // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
"    #[repr(C)]\n"
"    pub struct DIR {\n"
"        _data: [u8; 0],\n"
"        _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::PhantomPinned)>,\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    // Layout as per readdir(3) and definitions in /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu.\n"
"    #[repr(C)]\n"
"    pub struct dirent {\n"
"        pub d_ino: c_long,\n"
"        pub d_off: c_ulong,\n"
"        pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
"        pub d_type: c_char,\n"
"        pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    extern \"C\" {\n"
"        pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
"        pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
"        pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
"    path: CString,\n"
"    dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
"    fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
"        // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
"        // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
"    type Item = OsString;\n"
"    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
"        // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
"    fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
"        // Call closedir as needed.\n"
"        unimplemented!()\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
"    let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
"    println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
"    Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/welcome-day-4.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Welcome to Day 4"
msgstr "# Bienvenue au jour 4"

#: src/welcome-day-4.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This morning, we will focus on Concurrency: threads, channels, shared state, `Send` and `Sync`.\n"
"In the afternoon, we will have a chance to see Rust in action."
msgstr ""
"Ce matin, nous nous concentrerons sur la simultanéité : les threads, les canaux, l'état partagé, `Send` et `Sync`.\n"
"Dans l'après-midi, nous aurons la chance de voir Rust en action."

#: src/welcome-day-4.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a good time to give an outline of what you will cover in the afternoon\n"
"section, as announced in the course offering."
msgstr ""
"C'est le bon moment pour donner un aperçu de ce que vous couvrirez dans l'après-midi\n"
"section, tel qu'annoncé dans l'offre de cours."

#: src/concurrency.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Fearless Concurrency"
msgstr "# Concurrence intrépide"

#: src/concurrency.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and\n"
"channels."
msgstr ""
"Rust prend entièrement en charge la concurrence en utilisant des threads de système d'exploitation avec des mutex et\n"
"canaux."

#: src/concurrency.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs\n"
"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since you\n"
"can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime."
msgstr ""
"Le système de type Rust joue un rôle important dans la création de nombreux bugs de concurrence\n"
"bogues de temps de compilation. Ceci est souvent appelé _concurrence sans peur_ puisque vous\n"
"peut compter sur le compilateur pour assurer l'exactitude au moment de l'exécution."

#: src/concurrency/threads.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Threads"
msgstr "# fils"

#: src/concurrency/threads.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:"
msgstr "Les threads Rust fonctionnent de la même manière que les threads dans d'autres langages :"

#: src/concurrency/threads.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    thread::spawn(|| {\n"
"        for i in 1..10 {\n"
"            println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n"
"            thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
"        }\n"
"    });\n"
"\n"
"    for i in 1..5 {\n"
"        println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n"
"        thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/concurrency/threads.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them.\n"
"* Thread panics are independent of each other.\n"
"  * Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`."
msgstr ""
"* Les threads sont tous des threads démons, le thread principal ne les attend pas.\n"
"* Les thread panics sont indépendants les uns des autres.\n"
"  * Les paniques peuvent transporter une charge utile, qui peut être décompressée avec `downcast_ref`."

#: src/concurrency/threads.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread is\n"
"  not waiting.\n"
"\n"
"* Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for\n"
"  the thread to finish.\n"
"\n"
"* Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`.\n"
"\n"
"* Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the panic\n"
"  payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`]."
msgstr ""
"* Notez que le thread est arrêté avant d'atteindre 10 — le thread principal est\n"
"  pas attendre.\n"
"\n"
"* Utilisez `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` et plus tard `handle.join()` pour attendre\n"
"  le fil pour finir.\n"
"\n"
"* Déclenchez une panique dans le fil, notez que cela n'affecte pas `main`.\n"
"\n"
"* Utilisez la valeur de retour `Result` de `handle.join()` pour accéder à la panique\n"
"  charge utile. C'est le bon moment pour parler de [`Tous`]."

#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Scoped Threads"
msgstr "# Threads délimités"

#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:"
msgstr "Les threads normaux ne peuvent pas emprunter à leur environnement :"

#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
"\n"
"    thread::spawn(|| {\n"
"        println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
"    });\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "However, you can use a [scoped thread][1] for this:"
msgstr "Cependant, vous pouvez utiliser un [fil de discussion de portée][1] pour cela :"

#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:19
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
"\n"
"    thread::scope(|scope| {\n"
"        scope.spawn(|| {\n"
"            println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
"        });\n"
"    });\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed "
"data.\n"
"* Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one thread, or immutably by any number of threads.\n"
"    "
msgstr ""
"* La raison en est que lorsque la fonction `thread::scope` se termine, tous les threads sont garantis d'être joints, afin qu'ils puissent renvoyer "
"des données empruntées.\n"
"* Les règles d'emprunt normales de Rust s'appliquent : vous pouvez soit emprunter de manière mutable par un thread, soit de manière immuable par "
"n'importe quel nombre de threads.\n"
"    "

#: src/concurrency/channels.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Channels"
msgstr "# Chaînes"

#: src/concurrency/channels.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender<T>` and a `Receiver<T>`. The two parts\n"
"are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points."
msgstr ""
"Les canaux Rust ont deux parties : un `Sender<T>` et un `Receiver<T>`. Les deux parties\n"
"sont connectés via le canal, mais vous ne voyez que les extrémités."

#: src/concurrency/channels.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
"\n"
"    tx.send(10).unwrap();\n"
"    tx.send(20).unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
"    println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
"\n"
"    let tx2 = tx.clone();\n"
"    tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n"
"    println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/concurrency/channels.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` implement `Clone` (so\n"
"  you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does not.\n"
"* `send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the counterpart `Sender` or\n"
"  `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed."
msgstr ""
"* `mpsc` signifie Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` et `SyncSender` implémentent `Clone` (donc\n"
"  vous pouvez créer plusieurs producteurs) mais `Receiver` ne le fait pas.\n"
"* `send()` et `recv()` renvoient `Result`. S'ils renvoient `Err`, cela signifie que la contrepartie `Sender` ou\n"
"  `Receiver` est supprimé et le canal est fermé."

#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Unbounded Channels"
msgstr "# Canaux illimités"

#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:"
msgstr "Vous obtenez un canal illimité et asynchrone avec `mpsc::channel()` :"

#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
"\n"
"    thread::spawn(move || {\n"
"        let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
"        for i in 1..10 {\n"
"            tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
"            println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
"        }\n"
"        println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
"    });\n"
"    thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
"\n"
"    for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
"        println!(\"Main: got {}\", msg);\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Bounded Channels"
msgstr "# Canaux limités"

#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Bounded and synchronous channels make `send` block the current thread:"
msgstr "Les canaux bornés et synchrones font que \"send\" bloque le thread actuel :"

#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);\n"
"\n"
"    thread::spawn(move || {\n"
"        let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
"        for i in 1..10 {\n"
"            tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
"            println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
"        }\n"
"        println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
"    });\n"
"    thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
"\n"
"    for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
"        println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Shared State"
msgstr "# État partagé"

#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is\n"
"primarily done via two types:"
msgstr ""
"Rust utilise le système de type pour appliquer la synchronisation des données partagées. C'est\n"
"se fait principalement via deux types:"

#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [`Arc<T>`][1], atomic reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and\n"
"  takes care to deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped,\n"
"* [`Mutex<T>`][2]: ensures mutually exclusive access to the `T` value."
msgstr ""
"* [`Arc<T>`][1], référence atomique comptée `T` : gère le partage entre les threads et\n"
"  prend soin de désallouer 'T' lorsque la dernière référence est supprimée,\n"
"* [`Mutex<T>`][2] : garantit un accès mutuellement exclusif à la valeur `T`."

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Arc`"
msgstr "# `Arc`"

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`Arc<T>`][1] allows shared read-only access via its `clone` method:"
msgstr "[`Arc<T>`][1] permet un accès partagé en lecture seule via sa méthode `clone` :"

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
"    let mut handles = Vec::new();\n"
"    for _ in 1..5 {\n"
"        let v = v.clone();\n"
"        handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n"
"            let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
"            println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n"
"        }));\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n"
"    println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` that uses atomic\n"
"  operations.\n"
"* `Arc<T>` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` and `Sync` iff `T`\n"
"  implements them both.\n"
"* `Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but after that the use of the\n"
"  `T` is free.\n"
"* Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect them.\n"
"    * `std::sync::Weak` can help."
msgstr ""
"* `Arc` signifie \"Atomic Reference Counted\", une version thread-safe de `Rc` qui utilise\n"
"  opérations.\n"
"* `Arc<T>` implémente `Clone` que `T` le fasse ou non. Il implémente `Send` et `Sync` ssi `T`\n"
"  les met en œuvre tous les deux.\n"
"* `Arc::clone()` a le coût des opérations atomiques qui sont exécutées, mais après cela, l'utilisation du\n"
"  'T' est libre.\n"
"* Méfiez-vous des cycles de référence, `Arc` n'utilise pas de ramasse-miettes pour les détecter.\n"
"    * `std::sync::Weak` peut aider."

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Mutex`"
msgstr "# `Mutex`"

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Mutex<T>`][1] ensures mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T`\n"
"behind a read-only interface:"
msgstr ""
"[`Mutex<T>`][1] garantit l'exclusion mutuelle _et_ permet un accès mutable à `T`\n"
"derrière une interface en lecture seule :"

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::Mutex;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
"    println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
"\n"
"    {\n"
"        let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
"        guard.push(40);\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Notice how we have a [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`][2] blanket\n"
"implementation."
msgstr ""
"Remarquez comment nous avons une couverture [`impl<T : Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`][2]\n"
"mise en œuvre."

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element - the protected data.\n"
"    * It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the protected data.\n"
"* You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex<T>` by taking the lock. The `MutexGuard` ensures that the\n"
"  `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held.\n"
"* `Mutex<T>` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff `T` implements `Send`.\n"
"* A read-write lock counterpart - `RwLock`.\n"
"* Why does `lock()` return a `Result`? \n"
"    * If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes \"poisoned\" to signal that\n"
"      the data it protected might be in an inconsistent state. Calling `lock()` on a poisoned mutex\n"
"      fails with a [`PoisonError`]. You can call `into_inner()` on the error to recover the data\n"
"      regardless."
msgstr ""
"* `Mutex` dans Rust ressemble à une collection avec un seul élément - les données protégées.\n"
"    * Il n'est pas possible d'oublier d'acquérir le mutex avant d'accéder aux données protégées.\n"
"* Vous pouvez obtenir un `&mut T` à partir d'un `&Mutex<T>` en prenant le verrou. Le `MutexGuard` garantit que le\n"
"  `&mut T` ne survit pas au verrouillage en cours.\n"
"* `Mutex<T>` implémente à la fois `Send` et `Sync` ssi `T` implémente `Send`.\n"
"* Un homologue de verrouillage en lecture-écriture - `RwLock`.\n"
"* Pourquoi `lock()` renvoie-t-il un `Result` ?\n"
"    * Si le thread qui contenait le `Mutex` a paniqué, le `Mutex` devient \"empoisonné\" pour signaler que\n"
"      les données qu'il protège peuvent être dans un état incohérent. Appel de `lock()` sur un mutex empoisonné\n"
"      échoue avec une [`PoisonError`]. Vous pouvez appeler `into_inner()` sur l'erreur pour récupérer les données\n"
"      indépendamment de."

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:"
msgstr "Voyons `Arc` et `Mutex` en action :"

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
"    let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n"
"        v.push(10);\n"
"    });\n"
"    v.push(1000);\n"
"\n"
"    handle.join().unwrap();\n"
"    println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "Possible solution:"
msgstr "Solution possible:"

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:25
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n"
"\n"
"    let v2 = v.clone();\n"
"    let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n"
"        let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n"
"        v2.push(10);\n"
"    });\n"
"\n"
"    {\n"
"        let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
"        v.push(1000);\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    handle.join().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid "Notable parts:"
msgstr "Parties notables :"

#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are orthogonal.\n"
"  * Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state between threads.\n"
"* `v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature.\n"
"* Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as possible."
msgstr ""
"* `v` est enveloppé à la fois dans `Arc` et `Mutex`, car leurs préoccupations sont orthogonales.\n"
"  * Envelopper un `Mutex` dans un `Arc` est un modèle courant pour partager un état mutable entre les threads.\n"
"* `v: Arc<_>` doit être cloné en tant que `v2` avant de pouvoir être déplacé dans un autre thread. Remarque \"move\" a été ajouté à la signature "
"lambda.\n"
"* Des blocs sont introduits pour réduire autant que possible la portée du \"LockGuard\"."

#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Send` and `Sync`"
msgstr "# `Envoyer` et `Synchroniser`"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "How does Rust know to forbid shared access across thread? The answer is in two traits:"
msgstr "Comment Rust sait-il interdire l'accès partagé à travers le thread? La réponse est en deux traits :"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [`Send`][1]: a type `T` is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread\n"
"  boundary.\n"
"* [`Sync`][2]: a type `T` is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread\n"
"  boundary."
msgstr ""
"* [`Send`][1] : un type `T` est `Send` s'il est sûr de déplacer un `T` à travers un thread\n"
"  frontière.\n"
"* [`Sync`][2] : un type `T` est `Sync` s'il est sûr de déplacer un `&T` à travers un thread\n"
"  frontière."

#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits][3]. The compiler will automatically derive them for your types\n"
"as long as they only contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when you\n"
"know it is valid."
msgstr ""
"`Send` et `Sync` sont des [caractéristiques non sécurisées] [3]. Le compilateur les dérivera automatiquement pour vos types\n"
"tant qu'ils ne contiennent que les types `Send` et `Sync`. Vous pouvez également les implémenter manuellement lorsque vous\n"
"sachez qu'il est valide."

#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-safety properties.\n"
"* They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits.\n"
"  "
msgstr ""
"* On peut considérer ces traits comme des marqueurs indiquant que le type possède certaines propriétés de sécurité des threads.\n"
"* Ils peuvent être utilisés dans les contraintes génériques comme des traits normaux.\n"
"  "

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Send`"
msgstr "# `Envoyer`"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "> A type `T` is [`Send`][1] if it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread."
msgstr "> Un type `T` est [`Send`][1] s'il est sûr de déplacer une valeur `T` vers un autre thread."

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will run\n"
"in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one thread\n"
"and deallocate it in another."
msgstr ""
"L'effet du déplacement de la propriété vers un autre thread est que _destructors_ s'exécutera\n"
"dans ce fil. La question est donc de savoir quand vous pouvez allouer une valeur dans un thread\n"
"et le désallouer dans un autre."

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Sync`"
msgstr "# `Synchroniser`"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"> A type `T` is [`Sync`][1] if it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple\n"
"> threads at the same time."
msgstr ""
"> Un type `T` est [`Sync`][1] s'il est sûr d'accéder à une valeur `T` à partir de plusieurs\n"
"> fils en même temps."

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "More precisely, the definition is:"
msgstr "Plus précisément, la définition est :"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "> `T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`"
msgstr "> `T` est `Sync` si et seulement si `&T` est `Envoyer`"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of "
"it across threads."
msgstr ""
"Cette déclaration est essentiellement une manière abrégée de dire que si un type est thread-safe pour une utilisation partagée, il est également "
"thread-safe pour en passer des références à travers les threads."

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization "
"issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references "
"can be accessed from any thread safely."
msgstr ""
"En effet, si un type est Sync, cela signifie qu'il peut être partagé sur plusieurs threads sans risque de courses de données ou d'autres problèmes "
"de synchronisation, il est donc sûr de le déplacer vers un autre thread. Une référence au type peut également être déplacée en toute sécurité vers "
"un autre thread, car les données auxquelles elle fait référence sont accessibles à partir de n'importe quel thread en toute sécurité."

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Examples"
msgstr "# Exemples"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `Send + Sync`"
msgstr "## `Envoyer + Synchroniser`"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:"
msgstr "La plupart des types que vous rencontrez sont `Send + Sync` :"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7
msgid ""
"* `i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ...\n"
"* `(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ...\n"
"* `String`, `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `Box<T>`, ...\n"
"* `Arc<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count.\n"
"* `Mutex<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking.\n"
"* `AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions."
msgstr ""

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are\n"
"`Send + Sync`."
msgstr ""
"Les types génériques sont généralement \"Send + Sync\" lorsque les paramètres de type sont\n"
"`Envoyer + Synchroniser`."

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `Send + !Sync`"
msgstr "## `Envoyer + !Sync`"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe.\n"
"Typically because of interior mutability:"
msgstr ""
"Ces types peuvent être déplacés vers d'autres threads, mais ils ne sont pas thread-safe.\n"
"Typiquement à cause de la mutabilité intérieure :"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `mpsc::Sender<T>`\n"
"* `mpsc::Receiver<T>`\n"
"* `Cell<T>`\n"
"* `RefCell<T>`"
msgstr ""
"* `mpsc::Expéditeur<T>`\n"
"* `mpsc::Récepteur<T>`\n"
"* `Cellule<T>`\n"
"* `RefCell<T>`"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `!Send + Sync`"
msgstr "## ` !Envoyer + Synchroniser`"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid "These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:"
msgstr "Ces types sont thread-safe, mais ils ne peuvent pas être déplacés vers un autre thread :"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `MutexGuard<T>`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on the\n"
"  thread which created them."
msgstr ""
"* `MutexGuard<T>` : utilise des primitives au niveau du système d'exploitation qui doivent être désallouées sur le\n"
"  fil qui les a créés."

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `!Send + !Sync`"
msgstr "## `!Envoyer + !Synchroniser`"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:"
msgstr "Ces types ne sont pas thread-safe et ne peuvent pas être déplacés vers d'autres threads :"

#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Rc<T>`: each `Rc<T>` has a reference to an `RcBox<T>`, which contains a\n"
"  non-atomic reference count.\n"
"* `*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special\n"
"  concurrency considerations."
msgstr ""
"* `Rc<T>` : chaque `Rc<T>` a une référence à un `RcBox<T>`, qui contient un\n"
"  comptage de référence non atomique.\n"
"* `*const T`, `*mut T` : Rust suppose que les pointeurs bruts peuvent avoir des\n"
"  considérations de concurrence."

#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:1 src/exercises/day-4/android.md:1 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:1 src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Exercises"
msgstr "# Des exercices"

#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with"
msgstr "Mettons en pratique nos nouvelles compétences en matière de concurrence avec"

#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency.\n"
"\n"
"* Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to\n"
"  download dependencies and then check links in parallel."
msgstr ""
"* Dîner philosophes : un problème classique de la concurrence.\n"
"\n"
"* Vérificateur de liens multithread : un projet plus vaste dans lequel vous utiliserez Cargo pour\n"
"  télécharger les dépendances puis vérifier les liens en parallèle."

#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Dining Philosophers"
msgstr "# Philosophes de la restauration"

#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:"
msgstr "Le problème des philosophes de la restauration est un problème classique en concurrence :"

#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"> Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has their\n"
"> own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish served is\n"
"> a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each philosopher can\n"
"> only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can only eat their\n"
"> spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two forks will only\n"
"> be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, not eating. After\n"
"> an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put down both forks."
msgstr ""
"> Cinq philosophes dînent ensemble à la même table. Chaque philosophe a son\n"
"> propre place à table. Il y a une fourchette entre chaque assiette. Le plat servi est\n"
"> une sorte de spaghetti qui se mange avec deux fourchettes. Chaque philosophe peut\n"
"> seulement penser et manger alternativement. De plus, un philosophe ne peut que manger leur\n"
"> des spaghettis lorsqu'ils ont à la fois une fourchette gauche et droite. Ainsi deux fourches ne feront que\n"
"> être disponible lorsque ses deux voisins les plus proches pensent, ne mangent pas. Après\n"
"> un philosophe individuel finit de manger, ils poseront les deux fourchettes."

#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) for\n"
"this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill out the\n"
"blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
msgstr ""
"Vous aurez besoin d'une [installation Cargo](../../cargo/running-locally.md) locale pour\n"
"cet exercice. Copiez le code ci-dessous dans un fichier appelé `src/main.rs`, remplissez le\n"
"vides, et testez que `cargo run` ne se bloque pas :"

#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:17 src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:55 src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:28
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "<!-- File src/main.rs -->"
msgstr "<!-- Fichier src/main.rs -->"

#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:19
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"struct Fork;\n"
"\n"
"struct Philosopher {\n"
"    name: String,\n"
"    // left_fork: ...\n"
"    // right_fork: ...\n"
"    // thoughts: ...\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Philosopher {\n"
"    fn think(&self) {\n"
"        self.thoughts\n"
"            .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
"            .unwrap();\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn eat(&self) {\n"
"        // Pick up forks...\n"
"        println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
"        thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
"    &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    // Create forks\n"
"\n"
"    // Create philosophers\n"
"\n"
"    // Make them think and eat\n"
"\n"
"    // Output their thoughts\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:61
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser le fichier `Cargo.toml` suivant :"

#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:63 src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:35 src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:66
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:361
#, fuzzy
msgid "<!-- File Cargo.toml -->"
msgstr "<!-- Fichier Cargo.toml -->"

#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:65
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Multi-threaded Link Checker"
msgstr "# Vérificateur de lien multithread"

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It should\n"
"start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It should\n"
"recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this until all\n"
"pages have been validated."
msgstr ""
"Utilisons nos nouvelles connaissances pour créer un vérificateur de liens multi-thread. Cela devrait\n"
"commencez par une page Web et vérifiez que les liens sur la page sont valides. Cela devrait\n"
"vérifier récursivement d'autres pages sur le même domaine et continuer à le faire jusqu'à ce que tous\n"
"les pages ont été validées."

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`][1]. Create a new\n"
"Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:"
msgstr ""
"Pour cela, vous aurez besoin d'un client HTTP tel que [`reqwest`][1]. Créer un nouveau\n"
"Projet Cargo et `reqwest` comme dépendance avec :"

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:11
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ cargo new link-checker\n"
"$ cd link-checker\n"
"$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"> If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the\n"
"> `Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below."
msgstr ""
"> Si `cargo add` échoue avec `error: no such subcommand`, veuillez modifier le\n"
"> Fichier `Cargo.toml` à la main. Ajoutez les dépendances répertoriées ci-dessous."

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`][2] for that:"
msgstr "Vous aurez également besoin d'un moyen de trouver des liens. Nous pouvons utiliser [`scraper`][2] pour cela :"

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:22
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ cargo add scraper\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`][3] for\n"
"that:"
msgstr ""
"Enfin, nous aurons besoin d'un moyen de gérer les erreurs. Nous utilisons [`thiserror`][3] pour\n"
"ce:"

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:29
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ cargo add thiserror\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:"
msgstr "Les appels `cargo add` mettront à jour le fichier `Cargo.toml` pour qu'il ressemble à ceci :"

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:37
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"link-checker\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"publish = false\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-tls\"] }\n"
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as\n"
"`https://www.google.org/`."
msgstr ""
"Vous pouvez maintenant télécharger la page de démarrage. Essayez avec un petit site comme\n"
"`https://www.google.org/`."

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:"
msgstr "Votre fichier `src/main.rs` devrait ressembler à ceci :"

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:57
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"use reqwest::blocking::{get, Response};\n"
"use reqwest::Url;\n"
"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
"enum Error {\n"
"    #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
"    ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn extract_links(response: Response) -> Result<Vec<Url>, Error> {\n"
"    let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
"    let document = response.text()?;\n"
"    let html = Html::parse_document(&document);\n"
"    let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    let mut valid_urls = Vec::new();\n"
"    for element in html.select(&selector) {\n"
"        if let Some(href) = element.value().attr(\"href\") {\n"
"            match base_url.join(href) {\n"
"                Ok(url) => valid_urls.push(url),\n"
"                Err(err) => {\n"
"                    println!(\"On {base_url}: could not parse {href:?}: {err} (ignored)\",);\n"
"                }\n"
"            }\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    Ok(valid_urls)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n"
"    let response = get(start_url).unwrap();\n"
"    match extract_links(response) {\n"
"        Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n"
"        Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:100
#, fuzzy
msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with"
msgstr "Exécutez le code dans `src/main.rs` avec"

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:102
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ cargo run\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:106
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Tasks"
msgstr "## Tâches"

#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:108
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a\n"
"  channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel.\n"
"* Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the\n"
"  `www.google.org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you\n"
"  don't end up being blocked by the site."
msgstr ""
"* Utilisez des threads pour vérifier les liens en parallèle : envoyez les URL à vérifier à un\n"
"  channel et laissez quelques threads vérifier les URL en parallèle.\n"
"* Étendez ceci pour extraire de manière récursive les liens de toutes les pages du\n"
"  domaine \"www.google.org\". Fixez une limite supérieure de 100 pages environ afin que vous\n"
"  ne finissez pas par être bloqué par le site."

#: src/android.md:1 src/bare-metal/android.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Android"
msgstr "# Android"

#: src/android.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust is supported for native platform development on Android. This means that\n"
"you can write new operating system services in Rust, as well as extending\n"
"existing services."
msgstr ""
"Rust est pris en charge pour le développement de plates-formes natives sur Android. Cela signifie que\n"
"vous pouvez écrire de nouveaux services de système d'exploitation dans Rust, ainsi que l'extension\n"
"prestations existantes."

#: src/android.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"> We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to\n"
"> find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code to\n"
"> Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something that\n"
"> parses some raw bytes would be ideal."
msgstr ""
"> Nous allons essayer d'appeler Rust depuis l'un de vos propres projets aujourd'hui. Alors essayez de\n"
"> trouvez un petit coin de votre base de code où nous pouvons déplacer quelques lignes de code vers\n"
"> Rouille. Moins il y a de dépendances et de types \"exotiques\", mieux c'est. Quelque chose que\n"
"> analyser quelques octets bruts serait idéal."

#: src/android/setup.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Setup"
msgstr "# Installation"

#: src/android/setup.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will be using an Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make sure you have\n"
"access to one or create a new one with:"
msgstr ""
"Nous utiliserons un appareil virtuel Android pour tester notre code. Assurez-vous que vous avez\n"
"accéder à un ou en créer un nouveau avec :"

#: src/android/setup.md:6
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ source build/envsetup.sh\n"
"$ lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n"
"$ acloud create\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/setup.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Please see the [Android Developer\n"
"Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/start) for details."
msgstr ""
"Veuillez consulter le [Développeur Android\n"
"Codelab] (https://source.android.com/docs/setup/start) pour plus de détails."

#: src/android/build-rules.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Build Rules"
msgstr "# Règles de construction"

#: src/android/build-rules.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:"
msgstr "Le système de construction Android (Soong) prend en charge Rust via un certain nombre de modules :"

#: src/android/build-rules.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"| Module Type       | Description                                                                                        |\n"
"|-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n"
"| `rust_binary`     | Produces a Rust binary.                                                                            |\n"
"| `rust_library`    | Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and `dylib` variants.                            |\n"
"| `rust_ffi`        | Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and provides both static and shared variants.    |\n"
"| `rust_proc_macro` | Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are analogous to compiler plugins.                     |\n"
"| `rust_test`       | Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard Rust test harness.                              |\n"
"| `rust_fuzz`       | Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging `libfuzzer`.                                                |\n"
"| `rust_protobuf`   | Generates source and produces a Rust library that provides an interface for a particular protobuf. |\n"
"| `rust_bindgen`    | Generates source and produces a Rust library containing Rust bindings to C libraries.              |"
msgstr ""
"| Type de module | Descriptif |\n"
"|------------------|-------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------------------|\n"
"| `rust_binaire` | Produit un binaire Rust. |\n"
"| `rust_library` | Produit une bibliothèque Rust et fournit les variantes `rlib` et `dylib`. |\n"
"| `rust_ffi` | Produit une bibliothèque Rust C utilisable par les modules `cc` et fournit des variantes statiques et partagées. |\n"
"| `rust_proc_macro` | Produit une bibliothèque Rust `proc-macro`. Ceux-ci sont analogues aux plugins du compilateur. |\n"
"| `test_rouille` | Produit un binaire de test Rust qui utilise le harnais de test Rust standard. |\n"
"| `rust_fuzz` | Produit un exécutable Rust fuzz utilisant `libfuzzer`. |\n"
"| `rust_protobuf` | Génère la source et produit une bibliothèque Rust qui fournit une interface pour un protobuf particulier. |\n"
"| `rust_bindgen` | Génère la source et produit une bibliothèque Rust contenant des liaisons Rust aux bibliothèques C. |"

#: src/android/build-rules.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next."
msgstr "Nous examinerons ensuite `rust_binary` et `rust_library`."

#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Rust Binaries"
msgstr "# Binaires de rouille"

#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, create\n"
"the following files:"
msgstr ""
"Commençons par une application simple. A la racine d'une caisse AOSP, créez\n"
"les fichiers suivants :"

#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:6 src/android/build-rules/library.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/Android.bp_ :"

#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:8
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
"    name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
"    crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:16 src/android/build-rules/library.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_ :"

#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:18
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"//! Rust demo.\n"
"\n"
"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez maintenant compiler, envoyer et exécuter le binaire :"

#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:29
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m hello_rust\n"
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\n"
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n"
"Hello from Rust!\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Rust Libraries"
msgstr "# Bibliothèques de rouille"

#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android."
msgstr "Vous utilisez `rust_library` pour créer une nouvelle bibliothèque Rust pour Android."

#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:"
msgstr "Ici, nous déclarons une dépendance sur deux bibliothèques :"

#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `libgreeting`, which we define below,\n"
"* `libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in\n"
"  [`external/rust/crates/`][crates]."
msgstr ""
"* `libgreeting`, que nous définissons ci-dessous,\n"
"* `libtextwrap`, qui est une caisse déjà vendue dans\n"
"  [`externe/rouille/caisses/`][caisses]."

#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:15
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
"    name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
"    crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
"    rustlibs: [\n"
"        \"libgreetings\",\n"
"        \"libtextwrap\",\n"
"    ],\n"
"    prefer_rlib: true,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"rust_library {\n"
"    name: \"libgreetings\",\n"
"    crate_name: \"greetings\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:36
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Rust demo.\n"
"\n"
"use greetings::greeting;\n"
"use textwrap::fill;\n"
"\n"
"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_ :"

#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:50
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Greeting library.\n"
"\n"
"/// Greet `name`.\n"
"pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n"
"    format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:59
#, fuzzy
msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:"
msgstr "Vous construisez, poussez et exécutez le binaire comme avant :"

#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:61
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/tmp\n"
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
"Hello Bob, it is very\n"
"nice to meet you!\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/aidl.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# AIDL"
msgstr "#AIDL"

#: src/android/aidl.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Android Interface Definition Language\n"
"(AIDL)](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in Rust:"
msgstr ""
"Le [langage de définition d'interface Android\n"
"(AIDL)](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/aidl) est pris en charge dans Rust :"

#: src/android/aidl.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Rust code can call existing AIDL servers,\n"
"* You can create new AIDL servers in Rust."
msgstr ""
"* Le code Rust peut appeler des serveurs AIDL existants,\n"
"* Vous pouvez créer de nouveaux serveurs AIDL dans Rust."

#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# AIDL Interfaces"
msgstr "# Interfaces AIDL"

#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:"
msgstr "Vous déclarez l'API de votre service à l'aide d'une interface AIDL :"

#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "*birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl*:"
msgstr "*service_anniversaire/aidl/com/exemple/serviceanniversaire/IBirthdayService.aidl* :"

#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:7
msgid ""
"```java\n"
"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
"\n"
"/** Birthday service interface. */\n"
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
"    /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
"    String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "*birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp*:"
msgstr "*service_anniversaire/aidl/Android.bp* :"

#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:19
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"aidl_interface {\n"
"    name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n"
"    unstable: true,\n"
"    backend: {\n"
"        rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n"
"            enabled: true,\n"
"        },\n"
"    },\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the vendor\n"
"partition."
msgstr ""
"Ajoutez `vendor_available : true` si votre fichier AIDL est utilisé par un binaire dans le fournisseur\n"
"cloison."

#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Service Implementation"
msgstr "# Mise en œuvre des services"

#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:"
msgstr "Nous pouvons maintenant implémenter le service AIDL :"

#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "*birthday_service/src/lib.rs*:"
msgstr "*service_anniversaire/src/lib.rs* :"

#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
"\n"
"/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n"
"pub struct BirthdayService;\n"
"\n"
"impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n"
"\n"
"impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n"
"    fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::Result<String> {\n"
"        Ok(format!(\n"
"            \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!\"\n"
"        ))\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:26 src/android/aidl/server.md:28 src/android/aidl/client.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "*birthday_service/Android.bp*:"
msgstr "*service_anniversaire/Android.bp* :"

#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:28
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_library {\n"
"    name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
"    crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n"
"    rustlibs: [\n"
"        \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
"        \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
"    ],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/aidl/server.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# AIDL Server"
msgstr "# Serveur AIDL"

#: src/android/aidl/server.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:"
msgstr "Enfin, nous pouvons créer un serveur qui expose le service :"

#: src/android/aidl/server.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "*birthday_service/src/server.rs*:"
msgstr "*service_anniversaire/src/server.rs* :"

#: src/android/aidl/server.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Birthday service.\n"
"use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
"\n"
"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
"\n"
"/// Entry point for birthday service.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n"
"    let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n"
"        birthday_service,\n"
"        binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n"
"    );\n"
"    binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder.as_binder())\n"
"        .expect(\"Failed to register service\");\n"
"    binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/aidl/server.md:30
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
"    name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
"    crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n"
"    rustlibs: [\n"
"        \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
"        \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
"        \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
"    ],\n"
"    prefer_rlib: true,\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Deploy"
msgstr "# Déployer"

#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:"
msgstr "Nous pouvons maintenant créer, pousser et démarrer le service :"

#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:5
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m birthday_server\n"
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/tmp\n"
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:"
msgstr "Dans un autre terminal, vérifiez que le service s'exécute :"

#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:13
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ adb shell service check birthdayservice\n"
"Service birthdayservice: found\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez également appeler le service avec `service call` :"

#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:20
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ $ adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n"
"Result: Parcel(\n"
"  0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n"
"  0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n"
"  0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n"
"  0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n"
"  0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n"
"  0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n"
"  0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n"
"  0x00000070: 00210073 00000000                   's.!.....        ')\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/aidl/client.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# AIDL Client"
msgstr "# Client AIDL"

#: src/android/aidl/client.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service."
msgstr "Enfin, nous pouvons créer un client Rust pour notre nouveau service."

#: src/android/aidl/client.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "*birthday_service/src/client.rs*:"
msgstr "*service_anniversaire/src/client.rs* :"

#: src/android/aidl/client.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Birthday service.\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
"\n"
"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
"\n"
"/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n"
"pub fn connect() -> Result<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, binder::StatusCode> {\n"
"    binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"/// Call the birthday service.\n"
"fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n"
"    let name = std::env::args()\n"
"        .nth(1)\n"
"        .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n"
"    let years = std::env::args()\n"
"        .nth(2)\n"
"        .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::<i32>().ok())\n"
"        .unwrap_or(42);\n"
"\n"
"    binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n"
"    let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to BirthdayService\");\n"
"    let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n"
"    println!(\"{msg}\");\n"
"    Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/aidl/client.md:39
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
"    name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
"    crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n"
"    rustlibs: [\n"
"        \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
"        \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
"    ],\n"
"    prefer_rlib: true,\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/aidl/client.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`."
msgstr "Notez que le client ne dépend pas de `libbirthdayservice`."

#: src/android/aidl/client.md:54
#, fuzzy
msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:"
msgstr "Créez, transférez et exécutez le client sur votre appareil :"

#: src/android/aidl/client.md:56
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m birthday_client\n"
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/tmp\n"
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n"
"Happy Birthday Charlie, congratulations with the 60 years!\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Changing API"
msgstr "# Modification de l'API"

#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients specify a\n"
"list of lines for the birthday card:"
msgstr ""
"Étendons l'API avec plus de fonctionnalités : nous voulons laisser les clients spécifier un\n"
"liste des lignes pour la carte d'anniversaire :"

#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:6
msgid ""
"```java\n"
"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
"\n"
"/** Birthday service interface. */\n"
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
"    /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
"    String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/logging.md:1 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Logging"
msgstr "# Journalisation"

#: src/android/logging.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) or\n"
"`stdout` (on-host):"
msgstr ""
"Vous devez utiliser la caisse `log` pour vous connecter automatiquement à `logcat` (sur l'appareil) ou\n"
"`stdout` (sur l'hôte) :"

#: src/android/logging.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_ :"

#: src/android/logging.md:8
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
"    name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
"    crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
"    rustlibs: [\n"
"        \"liblog_rust\",\n"
"        \"liblogger\",\n"
"    ],\n"
"    prefer_rlib: true,\n"
"    host_supported: true,\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/logging.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_ :"

#: src/android/logging.md:24
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Rust logging demo.\n"
"\n"
"use log::{debug, error, info};\n"
"\n"
"/// Logs a greeting.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    logger::init(\n"
"        logger::Config::default()\n"
"            .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n"
"            .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n"
"    );\n"
"    debug!(\"Starting program.\");\n"
"    info!(\"Things are going fine.\");\n"
"    error!(\"Something went wrong!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/logging.md:42 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:98 src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:73
#, fuzzy
msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:"
msgstr "Compilez, transférez et exécutez le binaire sur votre appareil :"

#: src/android/logging.md:44
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m hello_rust_logs\n"
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/tmp\n"
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/logging.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:"
msgstr "Les journaux s'affichent dans `adb logcat` :"

#: src/android/logging.md:52
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ adb logcat -s rust\n"
"09-08 08:38:32.454  2420  2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Starting program.\n"
"09-08 08:38:32.454  2420  2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: Things are going fine.\n"
"09-08 08:38:32.454  2420  2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Something went wrong!\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Interoperability"
msgstr "# Interopérabilité"

#: src/android/interoperability.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This means\n"
"that you can:"
msgstr ""
"Rust a un excellent support pour l'interopérabilité avec d'autres langages. Ça signifie\n"
"Que tu peux:"

#: src/android/interoperability.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Call Rust functions from other languages.\n"
"* Call functions written in other languages from Rust."
msgstr ""
"* Appelez les fonctions Rust à partir d'autres langues.\n"
"* Fonctions d'appel écrites dans d'autres langages depuis Rust."

#: src/android/interoperability.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a\n"
"_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI."
msgstr ""
"Lorsque vous appelez des fonctions dans une langue étrangère, nous disons que vous utilisez un\n"
"_interface de fonction étrangère_, également connue sous le nom de FFI."

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Interoperability with C"
msgstr "# Interopérabilité avec C"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention.\n"
"Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C."
msgstr ""
"Rust prend entièrement en charge la liaison de fichiers objets avec une convention d'appel C.\n"
"De même, vous pouvez exporter des fonctions Rust et les appeler depuis C."

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez le faire à la main si vous le souhaitez :"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"extern \"C\" {\n"
"    fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let x = -42;\n"
"    let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n"
"    println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper\n"
"exercise](../../exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
msgstr ""
"Nous avons déjà vu cela dans le [Safe FFI Wrapper\n"
"exercice](../../exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"> This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for\n"
"> production."
msgstr ""
"> Cela suppose une parfaite connaissance de la plateforme cible. Non recommandé pour\n"
"> fabrication."

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at better options next."
msgstr "Nous examinerons ensuite de meilleures options."

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Using Bindgen"
msgstr "# Utiliser Bindgen"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) tool\n"
"can auto-generate bindings from a C header file."
msgstr ""
"L'outil [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html)\n"
"peut générer automatiquement des liaisons à partir d'un fichier d'en-tête C."

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "First create a small C library:"
msgstr "Créez d'abord une petite bibliothèque C :"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_ :"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:10
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"typedef struct card {\n"
"  const char* name;\n"
"  int years;\n"
"} card;\n"
"\n"
"void print_card(const card* card);\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_ :"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:21
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"#include <stdio.h>\n"
"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
"\n"
"void print_card(const card* card) {\n"
"  printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
"  printf(\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\", card->name);\n"
"  printf(\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\", card->years);\n"
"  printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:"
msgstr "Ajoutez ceci à votre fichier `Android.bp` :"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:108
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_interopérabilité/bindgen/Android.bp_ :"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:37
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"cc_library {\n"
"    name: \"libbirthday\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this\n"
"example):"
msgstr ""
"Créez un fichier d'en-tête wrapper pour la bibliothèque (pas strictement nécessaire dans ce\n"
"exemple):"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_ :"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:49
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez maintenant générer automatiquement les liaisons :"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:57
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_bindgen {\n"
"    name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n"
"    crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n"
"    wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n"
"    source_stem: \"bindings\",\n"
"    static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:67
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:"
msgstr "Enfin, nous pouvons utiliser les liaisons dans notre programme Rust :"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:71
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
"    name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n"
"    rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:79
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
msgstr "_interopérabilité/bindgen/main.rs_ :"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:81
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"//! Bindgen demo.\n"
"\n"
"use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n"
"    let card = card {\n"
"        name: name.as_ptr(),\n"
"        years: 42,\n"
"    };\n"
"    unsafe {\n"
"        print_card(&card as *const card);\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:100
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m print_birthday_card\n"
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/tmp\n"
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:106
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:"
msgstr "Enfin, nous pouvons exécuter des tests générés automatiquement pour nous assurer que les liaisons fonctionnent :"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:110
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_test {\n"
"    name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
"    srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
"    crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
"    test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n"
"    auto_gen_config: true,\n"
"    clippy_lints: \"none\", // Generated file, skip linting\n"
"    lints: \"none\",\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:122
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Calling Rust"
msgstr "# Appeler Rust"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:"
msgstr "Exporter des fonctions et des types Rust vers C est simple :"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
msgstr "_interopérabilité/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"//! Rust FFI demo.\n"
"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n"
"\n"
"use std::os::raw::c_int;\n"
"\n"
"/// Analyze the numbers.\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n"
"    if x < y {\n"
"        println!(\"x ({x}) is smallest!\");\n"
"    } else {\n"
"        println!(\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
msgstr "_interopérabilité/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:26
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n"
"#define ANALYSE_H\n"
"\n"
"extern \"C\" {\n"
"void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#endif\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
msgstr "_interopérabilité/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:39
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_ffi {\n"
"    name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n"
"    crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n"
"    include_dirs: [\".\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:"
msgstr "Nous pouvons maintenant appeler cela à partir d'un binaire C :"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:52
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"#include \"analyze.h\"\n"
"\n"
"int main() {\n"
"  analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n"
"  analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n"
"  return 0;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
msgstr "_interopérabilité/rouille/analyse/Android.bp_"

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:64
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"cc_binary {\n"
"    name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n"
"    static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:75
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m analyze_numbers\n"
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/tmp\n"
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:83
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol will just be the name of\n"
"the function. You can also use `#[export_name = \"some_name\"]` to specify whatever name you want."
msgstr ""
"`#[no_mangle]` désactive la modification du nom habituel de Rust, de sorte que le symbole exporté sera simplement le nom de\n"
"la fonction. Vous pouvez également utiliser `#[export_name = \"some_name\"]` pour spécifier le nom que vous voulez."

#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# With C++"
msgstr "# Avec C++"

#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [CXX crate][1] makes it possible to do safe interoperability between Rust\n"
"and C++."
msgstr ""
"La [caisse CXX][1] permet de faire une interopérabilité sûre entre Rust\n"
"et C++."

#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "The overall approach looks like this:"
msgstr "L'approche globale ressemble à ceci:"

#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "<img src=\"cpp/overview.svg\">"
msgstr "<img src=\"cpp/overview.svg\">"

#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "See the [CXX tutorial][2] for an full example of using this."
msgstr "Voir le [tutoriel CXX] [2] pour un exemple complet d'utilisation."

#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Interoperability with Java"
msgstr "# Interopérabilité avec Java"

#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface\n"
"(JNI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni`\n"
"crate](https://docs.rs/jni/) allows you to create a compatible library."
msgstr ""
"Java peut charger des objets partagés via [Java Native Interface\n"
"(JNI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). Le [`jni`\n"
"crate](https://docs.rs/jni/) vous permet de créer une bibliothèque compatible."

#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:"
msgstr "Tout d'abord, nous créons une fonction Rust à exporter vers Java :"

#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
msgstr "_interopérabilité/java/src/lib.rs_ :"

#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:11
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n"
"\n"
"use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n"
"use jni::sys::jstring;\n"
"use jni::JNIEnv;\n"
"\n"
"/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n"
"    env: JNIEnv,\n"
"    _class: JClass,\n"
"    name: JString,\n"
") -> jstring {\n"
"    let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n"
"    let greeting = format!(\"Hello, {input}!\");\n"
"    let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n"
"    output.into_inner()\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:32 src/android/interoperability/java.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_interopérabilité/java/Android.bp_ :"

#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:34
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_ffi_shared {\n"
"    name: \"libhello_jni\",\n"
"    crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
"    rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can call this function from Java:"
msgstr "Enfin, nous pouvons appeler cette fonction depuis Java :"

#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
msgstr "_interopérabilité/java/HelloWorld.java_ :"

#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:47
msgid ""
"```java\n"
"class HelloWorld {\n"
"    private static native String hello(String name);\n"
"\n"
"    static {\n"
"        System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    public static void main(String[] args) {\n"
"        String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n"
"        System.out.println(output);\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:64
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"java_binary {\n"
"    name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n"
"    main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n"
"    required: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:73
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:"
msgstr "Enfin, vous pouvez créer, synchroniser et exécuter le binaire :"

#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:75
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m helloworld_jni\n"
"$ adb sync  # requires adb root && adb remount\n"
"$ adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-4/android.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For the last exercise, we will look at one of the projects you work with. Let us\n"
"group up and do this together. Some suggestions:"
msgstr ""
"Pour le dernier exercice, nous examinerons l'un des projets sur lesquels vous travaillez. Laissez-nous\n"
"regroupez-vous et faites-le ensemble. Quelques suggestions:"

#: src/exercises/day-4/android.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust.\n"
"\n"
"* Move a function from your project to Rust and call it."
msgstr ""
"* Appelez votre service AIDL avec un client écrit en Rust.\n"
"\n"
"* Déplacez une fonction de votre projet vers Rust et appelez-la."

#: src/exercises/day-4/android.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone in\n"
"the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly."
msgstr ""
"Aucune solution n'est proposée ici car celle-ci est ouverte : elle repose sur quelqu'un en\n"
"la classe ayant un morceau de code que vous pouvez remettre à Rust à la volée."

#: src/thanks.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Thanks!"
msgstr "# Merci!"

#: src/thanks.md:3
msgid ""
"_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and that it\n"
"was useful."
msgstr ""
"_Merci d'avoir pris Comprehensive Rust(le guide complet de Rust) 🦀!_ Nous espérons que vous l'avez apprécié et qu'il\n"
"était utile."

#: src/thanks.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not perfect,\n"
"so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, please get in\n"
"[contact with us on\n"
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). We would love\n"
"to hear from you."
msgstr ""
"Nous nous sommes beaucoup amusés à préparer le cours. Le cours n'est pas parfait,\n"
"donc si vous avez repéré des erreurs ou avez des idées d'améliorations, n'hésitez pas à nous contacter\n"
"[contactez-nous au\n"
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Nous aimerions\n"
"d'avoir de tes nouvelles."

#: src/other-resources.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Other Rust Resources"
msgstr "# Autres ressources de rouille"

#: src/other-resources.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources\n"
"online."
msgstr ""
"La communauté Rust a créé une multitude de ressources gratuites et de haute qualité\n"
"en ligne."

#: src/other-resources.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Official Documentation"
msgstr "## Documents officiels"

#: src/other-resources.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:"
msgstr "Le projet Rust héberge de nombreuses ressources. Celles-ci couvrent Rust en général :"

#: src/other-resources.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the\n"
"  canonical free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes a\n"
"  few projects for people to build.\n"
"* [Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the Rust\n"
"  syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. Sometimes\n"
"  includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code in the\n"
"  examples.\n"
"* [Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full documentation of\n"
"  the standard library for Rust.\n"
"* [The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete book\n"
"  which describes the Rust grammar and memory model."
msgstr ""
"* [Le langage de programmation Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/) : le\n"
"  livre canonique gratuit sur Rust. Couvre la langue en détail et comprend un\n"
"  peu de projets à construire.\n"
"* [Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/) : couvre la rouille\n"
"  syntaxe via une série d'exemples qui présentent différentes constructions. Parfois\n"
"  comprend de petits exercices où l'on vous demande de développer le code dans le\n"
"  exemples.\n"
"* [Bibliothèque standard Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/) : documentation complète de\n"
"  la bibliothèque standard de Rust.\n"
"* [The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/) : un livre incomplet\n"
"  qui décrit la grammaire et le modèle de mémoire de Rust."

#: src/other-resources.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:"
msgstr "Des guides plus spécialisés hébergés sur le site officiel de Rust :"

#: src/other-resources.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe Rust,\n"
"  including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages\n"
"  (FFI).\n"
"* [Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/):\n"
"  covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after the\n"
"  Rust Book was written.\n"
"* [The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): an\n"
"  introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating system."
msgstr ""
"* [The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/) : couvre la rouille dangereuse,\n"
"  y compris le travail avec des pointeurs bruts et l'interfaçage avec d'autres langages\n"
"  (FFI).\n"
"* [Programmation asynchrone dans Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) :\n"
"  couvre le nouveau modèle de programmation asynchrone qui a été introduit après la\n"
"  Rust Book a été écrit.\n"
"* [The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/) : un\n"
"  introduction à l'utilisation de Rust sur des appareils embarqués sans système d'exploitation."

#: src/other-resources.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Unofficial Learning Material"
msgstr "## Matériel d'apprentissage non officiel"

#: src/other-resources.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:"
msgstr "Une petite sélection d'autres guides et tutoriels pour Rust :"

#: src/other-resources.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust\n"
"  from the perspective of low-level C programmers.\n"
"* [Rust for Embedded C\n"
"  Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/rust_for_c/): covers Rust from\n"
"  the perspective of developers who write firmware in C.\n"
"* [Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/):\n"
"  covers the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other languages\n"
"  such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python.\n"
"* [Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to help\n"
"  you learn Rust.\n"
"* [Ferrous Teaching\n"
"  Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-material/index.html): a\n"
"  series of small presentations covering both basic and advanced part of the\n"
"  Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, and async/await are also\n"
"  covered.\n"
"* [Beginner's Series to\n"
"  Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-series-to-rust/) and\n"
"  [Take your first steps with\n"
"  Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): two\n"
"  Rust guides aimed at new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and the\n"
"  second is a set of 11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs.\n"
"* [Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked\n"
"  Lists](https://rust-unofficial.github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth\n"
"  exploration of Rust's memory management rules, through implementing a few\n"
"  different types of list structures."
msgstr ""
"* [Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/) : couvre Rust\n"
"  du point de vue des programmeurs C de bas niveau.\n"
"* [Rouille pour Embedded C\n"
"  Programmeurs] (https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/rust_for_c/) : couvre Rust de\n"
"  le point de vue des développeurs qui écrivent des firmwares en C.\n"
"* [Rust pour les professionnels](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/):\n"
"  couvre la syntaxe de Rust en utilisant des comparaisons côte à côte avec d'autres langages\n"
"  tels que C, C++, Java, JavaScript et Python.\n"
"* [Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust) : plus de 100 exercices pour vous aider\n"
"  vous apprenez Rust.\n"
"* [Enseignement ferreux\n"
"  Matériel] (https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-material/index.html) : un\n"
"  série de petites présentations couvrant à la fois la partie de base et avancée de la\n"
"  Langue de rouille. D'autres sujets tels que WebAssembly et async/wait sont également\n"
"  couvert.\n"
"* [Série débutant à\n"
"  Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-series-to-rust/) et\n"
"  [Faites vos premiers pas avec\n"
"  Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/) : deux\n"
"  Guides Rust destinés aux nouveaux développeurs. Le premier est un ensemble de 35 vidéos et le\n"
"  le second est un ensemble de 11 modules qui couvre la syntaxe Rust et les constructions de base.\n"
"* [Apprenez Rust avec trop de liens\n"
"  Listes] (https://rust-unofficial.github.io/too-many-lists/) : en profondeur\n"
"  exploration des règles de gestion de la mémoire de Rust, en implémentant quelques\n"
"  différents types de structures de liste."

#: src/other-resources.md:63
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) for\n"
"even more Rust books."
msgstr ""
"Veuillez consulter le [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) pour\n"
"encore plus de livres Rust."

#: src/credits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Credits"
msgstr "# Crédits"

#: src/credits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust documentation.\n"
"See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a full list of useful\n"
"resources."
msgstr ""
"Le matériel ici s'appuie sur les nombreuses sources de documentation de Rust.\n"
"Voir la page sur [autres ressources] (other-resources.md) pour une liste complète des ressources utiles\n"
"ressources."

#: src/credits.md:7
msgid ""
"The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache 2.0\n"
"license, please see [`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) for details."
msgstr ""
"Le matériel de Comprehensive Rust(le guide complet de Rust) est sous licence sous les termes de la licence d'Apache 2.0,\n"
"veuillez consulter [`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) pour plus de détails."

#: src/credits.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Rust by Example"
msgstr "## Rouille par exemple"

#: src/credits.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by\n"
"Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the\n"
"`third_party/rust-by-example/` directory for details, including the license\n"
"terms."
msgstr ""
"Quelques exemples et exercices ont été copiés et adaptés de [Rust by\n"
"Exemple](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Veuillez consulter le\n"
"Répertoire `third_party/rust-by-example/` pour plus de détails, y compris la licence\n"
"conditions."

#: src/credits.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Rust on Exercism"
msgstr "## Rouille sur l'exercice"

#: src/credits.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on\n"
"Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the\n"
"`third_party/rust-on-exercism/` directory for details, including the license\n"
"terms."
msgstr ""
"Certains exercices ont été copiés et adaptés de [Rust on\n"
"Exercice] (https://exercism.org/tracks/rust). Veuillez consulter le\n"
"Répertoire `third_party/rust-on-exercism/` pour plus de détails, y compris la licence\n"
"conditions."

#: src/credits.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "## CXX"
msgstr "## CXX"

#: src/credits.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section uses an\n"
"image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` directory\n"
"for details, including the license terms."
msgstr ""
"La section [Interopérabilité avec C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) utilise un\n"
"image de [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Veuillez consulter le répertoire `third_party/cxx/`\n"
"pour plus de détails, y compris les termes de la licence."

#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Welcome to Bare Metal Rust"
msgstr "# Bienvenue dans Bare Metal Rust"

#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:3
msgid ""
"This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people who are familiar with the\n"
"basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the Comprehensive Rust course), and ideally also have some\n"
"experience with bare-metal programming in some other language such as C."
msgstr ""
"Il s'agit d'un cours autonome d'une journée sur la bare-metal Rust, destiné aux personnes familiarisées avec le\n"
"bases de Rust (peut-être après avoir terminé le cours Comprehensive Rust(le guide complet de Rust)), et idéalement aussi avoir quelques\n"
"expérience de la programmation bare-metal dans un autre langage tel que C."

#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS underneath us. This will\n"
"be divided into several parts:"
msgstr ""
"Aujourd'hui, nous allons parler de Rust \"bare-metal\": exécuter du code Rust sans système d'exploitation sous nous. Cette volonté\n"
"être divisé en plusieurs parties :"

#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"- What is `no_std` Rust?\n"
"- Writing firmware for microcontrollers.\n"
"- Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors.\n"
"- Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development."
msgstr ""
"- Qu'est-ce que `no_std` Rust ?\n"
"- Ecriture de firmware pour microcontrôleurs.\n"
"- Ecriture du bootloader / code noyau pour les processeurs d'application.\n"
"- Quelques caisses utiles pour le développement de Rust en métal nu."

#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) v2\n"
"as an example. It's a [development board](https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/) based on the Nordic\n"
"nRF51822 microcontroller with some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected accelerometer and compass, and\n"
"an on-board SWD debugger."
msgstr ""
"Pour la partie microcontrôleur du cours, nous utiliserons le [BBC micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) v2\n"
"par exemple. C'est une [carte de développement](https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/) basée sur le Nordic\n"
"Microcontrôleur nRF51822 avec quelques LED et boutons, un accéléromètre et une boussole connectés I2C, et\n"
"un débogueur SWD intégré."

#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:"
msgstr "Pour commencer, installez quelques outils dont nous aurons besoin plus tard. Sous gLinux ou Debian :"

#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:22
msgid ""
"```bash\n"
"sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gdb-multiarch libudev-dev picocom qemu-system-arm\n"
"rustup update\n"
"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:"
msgstr "Et donnez aux utilisateurs du groupe `plugdev` l'accès au programmeur micro:bit :"

#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:32
msgid ""
"```bash\n"
"echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"usb\", ATTR{idVendor}==\"0d28\", MODE=\"0664\", GROUP=\"plugdev\"' |\\\n"
"  sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/50-microbit.rules\n"
"sudo udevadm control --reload-rules\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid "On MacOS:"
msgstr "Sur MacOS :"

#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:40
msgid ""
"```bash\n"
"xcode-select --install\n"
"brew install gdb picocom qemu\n"
"brew install --cask gcc-aarch64-embedded\n"
"rustup update\n"
"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `no_std`"
msgstr "# `no_std`"

#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<table>\n"
"<tr>\n"
"<th>"
msgstr ""
"<tableau>\n"
"<tr>\n"
"<th>"

#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "`core`"
msgstr "`noyau`"

#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:9 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"</th>\n"
"<th>"
msgstr ""
"</th>\n"
"<e>"

#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "`alloc`"
msgstr "`allouer`"

#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "`std`"
msgstr "`std`"

#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"</th>\n"
"</tr>\n"
"<tr valign=\"top\">\n"
"<td>"
msgstr ""
"</th>\n"
"</tr>\n"
"<tr valign=\"top\">\n"
"<dt>"

#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Slices, `&str`, `CStr`\n"
"* `NonZeroU8`...\n"
"* `Option`, `Result`\n"
"* `Display`, `Debug`, `write!`...\n"
"* `Iterator`\n"
"* `panic!`, `assert_eq!`...\n"
"* `NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions\n"
"* `Future` and `async`/`await`\n"
"* `fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`...\n"
"* `Duration`"
msgstr ""
"* Tranches, `&str`, `CStr`\n"
"* `NonZeroU8`...\n"
"* `Option`, `Résultat`\n"
"* `Afficher`, `Déboguer`, `écrire !`...\n"
"* `Itérateur`\n"
"* `panique !`, `assert_eq !`...\n"
"* `NonNull` et toutes les fonctions habituelles liées au pointeur\n"
"* `Future` et `async`/`wait`\n"
"* `clôture`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`...\n"
"* `Durée`"

#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:35 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"</td>\n"
"<td>"
msgstr ""
"</td>\n"
"<dt>"

#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`\n"
"* `Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`\n"
"* `String`, `CString`, `format!`"
msgstr ""
"* `Boîte`, `Vache`, `Arc`, `Rc`\n"
"* `Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`\n"
"* `Chaîne`, `CString`, `format !`"

#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Error`\n"
"* `HashMap`\n"
"* `Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`\n"
"* `File` and the rest of `fs`\n"
"* `println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`\n"
"* `Path`, `OsString`\n"
"* `net`\n"
"* `Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`\n"
"* `spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`\n"
"* `SystemTime`, `Instant`"
msgstr ""
"* \"Erreur\"\n"
"* `HashMap`\n"
"* `Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrière`, `Une fois`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`\n"
"* `File` et le reste de `fs`\n"
"* `println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` et le reste de `io`\n"
"* `Chemin`, `OsString`\n"
"* \"net\"\n"
"* `Commande`, `Enfant`, `Code de sortie`\n"
"* `spawn`, `sleep` et le reste de `thread`\n"
"* `SystemTime`, `Instantané`"

#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:56
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"</td>\n"
"</tr>\n"
"</table>\n"
"\n"
"<details>"
msgstr ""
"</td>\n"
"</tr>\n"
"</table>\n"
"\n"
"<détails>"

#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `HashMap` depends on RNG.\n"
"* `std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`."
msgstr ""
"* `HashMap` dépend de RNG.\n"
"* `std` réexporte le contenu de `core` et `alloc`."

#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# A minimal `no_std` program"
msgstr "# Un programme minimal `no_std`"

#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"\n"
"#[panic_handler]\n"
"fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
"    loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:17
msgid ""
"* This will compile to an empty binary.\n"
"* `std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own.\n"
"* It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`.\n"
"* Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` to avoid an error about\n"
"  `eh_personality`.\n"
"* Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to define your own entry\n"
"  point. This will typically involve a linker script and some assembly code to set things up ready\n"
"  for Rust code to run."
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `alloc`"
msgstr "# `allouer`"

#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To use `alloc` you must implement a\n"
"[global (heap) allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)."
msgstr ""
"Pour utiliser `alloc` vous devez implémenter un\n"
"[allocateur global (de tas)](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)."

#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate alloc;\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use alloc::{string::ToString, vec::Vec};\n"
"use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n"
"\n"
"#[global_allocator]\n"
"static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n"
"\n"
"static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n"
"\n"
"pub fn entry() {\n"
"    // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called once.\n"
"    unsafe {\n"
"        // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n"
"        HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n"
"            .lock()\n"
"            .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    // Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n"
"    let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
"    v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:38
msgid ""
"* `buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator. Other\n"
"  crates are available, or you can write your own or hook into your existing allocator.\n"
"* The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i.e. in this case it can\n"
"  allocate regions of up to 2**32 bytes.\n"
"* If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have exactly one global\n"
"  allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in the top-level binary crate.\n"
"* `extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the `panic_halt` crate is linked in so\n"
"  we get its panic handler.\n"
"* This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point."
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Microcontrollers"
msgstr "# Microcontrôleurs"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for Cortex M microcontrollers."
msgstr "La caisse `cortex_m_rt` fournit (entre autres) un gestionnaire de réinitialisation pour les microcontrôleurs Cortex M."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"mod interrupts;\n"
"\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
"    loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of abstraction."
msgstr "Ensuite, nous verrons comment accéder aux périphériques, avec des niveaux d'abstraction croissants."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -> !`, because returning\n"
"  to the reset handler doesn't make sense.\n"
"* Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`"
msgstr ""
"* La macro `cortex_m_rt::entry` nécessite que la fonction ait le type `fn() -> !`, car le retour\n"
"  au gestionnaire de réinitialisation n'a pas de sens.\n"
"* Exécutez l'exemple avec `cargo embed --bin minimal`"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Raw MMIO"
msgstr "# MMIO brut"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try turning on an LED on our\n"
"micro:bit:"
msgstr ""
"La plupart des microcontrôleurs accèdent aux périphériques via des E/S mappées en mémoire. Essayons d'allumer une LED sur notre\n"
"micro:bit:"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"mod interrupts;\n"
"\n"
"use core::mem::size_of;\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"\n"
"/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n"
"const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;\n"
"\n"
"// GPIO peripheral offsets\n"
"const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;\n"
"const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;\n"
"const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;\n"
"\n"
"// PIN_CNF fields\n"
"const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;\n"
"const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;\n"
"const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;\n"
"const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;\n"
"const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
"    // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
"    let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut u32;\n"
"    let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut u32;\n"
"    // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, and\n"
"    // no aliases exist.\n"
"    unsafe {\n"
"        pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(\n"
"            DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
"        );\n"
"        pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(\n"
"            DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
"        );\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
"    let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;\n"
"    let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;\n"
"    // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, and\n"
"    // no aliases exist.\n"
"    unsafe {\n"
"        gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);\n"
"        gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:64
#, fuzzy
msgid "* GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin 28 to the first row."
msgstr "* La broche 21 du GPIO 0 est connectée à la première colonne de la matrice LED et la broche 28 à la première rangée."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:66 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:59 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:43
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "Run the example with:"
msgstr "Exécutez l'exemple avec :"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:68
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin mmio\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Peripheral Access Crates"
msgstr "# Caisses d'accès périphérique"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust wrappers for\n"
"memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html)\n"
"files."
msgstr ""
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) génère des wrappers Rust principalement sûrs pour\n"
"périphériques mappés en mémoire de [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html)\n"
"des dossiers."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"use nrf52833_pac::Peripherals;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
"    let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
"    let gpio0 = p.P0;\n"
"\n"
"    // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
"    gpio0.pin_cnf[21].write(|w| {\n"
"        w.dir().output();\n"
"        w.input().disconnect();\n"
"        w.pull().disabled();\n"
"        w.drive().s0s1();\n"
"        w.sense().disabled();\n"
"        w\n"
"    });\n"
"    gpio0.pin_cnf[28].write(|w| {\n"
"        w.dir().output();\n"
"        w.input().disconnect();\n"
"        w.pull().disabled();\n"
"        w.drive().s0s1();\n"
"        w.sense().disabled();\n"
"        w\n"
"    });\n"
"\n"
"    // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
"    gpio0.outclr.write(|w| w.pin28().clear());\n"
"    gpio0.outset.write(|w| w.pin21().set());\n"
"\n"
"    loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by silicon vendors which\n"
"  describe the memory map of the device.\n"
"  * They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, descriptions, addresses\n"
"    and so on.\n"
"  * SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects which patch the\n"
"    mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated crates.\n"
"* `cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things.\n"
"* If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run\n"
"  `cargo objdump --bin pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting binary."
msgstr ""
"* Les fichiers SVD (System View Description) sont des fichiers XML généralement fournis par les fournisseurs de silicium qui\n"
"  décrire la carte mémoire de l'appareil.\n"
"  * Ils sont organisés par périphérique, registre, champ et valeur, avec noms, descriptions, adresses\n"
"    et ainsi de suite.\n"
"  * Les fichiers SVD sont souvent bogués et incomplets, il existe donc divers projets qui corrigent le\n"
"    erreurs, ajoutez les détails manquants et publiez les caisses générées.\n"
"* `cortex-m-rt` fournit la table des vecteurs, entre autres choses.\n"
"* Si vous \"installez cargo cargo-binutils\", vous pouvez exécuter\n"
"  `cargo objdump --bin pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` pour voir le binaire résultant."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:61
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin pac\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# HAL crates"
msgstr "# caisses HAL"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-implementation-crates) for\n"
"many microcontrollers provide wrappers around various peripherals. These generally implement traits\n"
"from [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)."
msgstr ""
"[Caisses HAL](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-implementation-crates) pour\n"
"de nombreux microcontrôleurs fournissent des wrappers autour de divers périphériques. Ceux-ci implémentent généralement des traits\n"
"de [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"use nrf52833_hal::gpio::{p0, Level};\n"
"use nrf52833_hal::pac::Peripherals;\n"
"use nrf52833_hal::prelude::*;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
"    let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    // Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n"
"    let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
"\n"
"    // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
"    let mut col1 = gpio0.p0_28.into_push_pull_output(Level::High);\n"
"    let mut row1 = gpio0.p0_21.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
"\n"
"    // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
"    col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
"    row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
" * `set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` trait.\n"
" * HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP,\n"
"   MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers."
msgstr ""
" * `set_low` et `set_high` sont des méthodes sur le trait `embedded_hal` `OutputPin`.\n"
" * Les caisses HAL existent pour de nombreux appareils Cortex-M et RISC-V, y compris divers STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP,\n"
"   Microcontrôleurs MSP430, AVR et PIC."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:45
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin hal\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Board support crates"
msgstr "# Caisses support planche"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific board for convenience."
msgstr "Les caisses de support de planche offrent un niveau supplémentaire d'emballage pour une planche spécifique pour plus de commodité."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n"
"use microbit::Board;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
"    let mut board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    board.display_pins.col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
"    board.display_pins.row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
" * In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, and a bit of\n"
"   initialisation.\n"
" * The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of the microcontroller\n"
"   itself.\n"
"   * `microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix."
msgstr ""
" * Dans ce cas, la caisse de support de carte fournit simplement des noms plus utiles, et un peu de\n"
"   initialisation.\n"
" * La caisse peut également inclure des pilotes pour certains périphériques embarqués en dehors du microcontrôleur\n"
"   lui-même.\n"
"   * `microbit-v2` inclut un pilote simple pour la matrice LED."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:36
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin board_support\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# The type state pattern"
msgstr "# Le modèle d'état de type"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
"    let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
"    let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
"\n"
"    let pin: P0_01<Disconnected> = gpio0.p0_01;\n"
"\n"
"    // let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n"
"    let pin_input: P0_01<Input<Floating>> = pin.into_floating_input();\n"
"    if pin_input.is_high().unwrap() {\n"
"        // ...\n"
"    }\n"
"    let mut pin_output: P0_01<Output<OpenDrain>> =\n"
"        pin_input.into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, Level::Low);\n"
"    pin_output.set_high().unwrap();\n"
"    // pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n"
"\n"
"    let _pin2: P0_02<Output<OpenDrain>> = gpio0\n"
"        .p0_02\n"
"        .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, Level::Low);\n"
"    let _pin3: P0_03<Output<PushPull>> = gpio0.p0_03.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
"\n"
"    loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
" * Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can exist. Once a pin is\n"
"   moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it.\n"
" * Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you can’t keep use the old\n"
"   instance afterwards.\n"
" * The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, the configuration state\n"
"   of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into the type system, and ensures that you don't\n"
"   try to use a pin in a certain way without properly configuring it first. Illegal state\n"
"   transitions are caught at compile time.\n"
" * You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, but not vice-versa.\n"
" * Many HAL crates follow this pattern."
msgstr ""
" * Les broches n'implémentent pas `Copy` ou `Clone`, donc une seule instance de chacun peut exister. Une fois qu'une broche est\n"
"   déplacé hors de la structure du port, personne d'autre ne peut le prendre.\n"
" * La modification de la configuration d'une broche consomme l'ancienne instance de broche, vous ne pouvez donc pas continuer à utiliser l'ancienne\n"
"   exemple par la suite.\n"
" * Le type d'une valeur indique l'état dans lequel elle se trouve : par ex. dans ce cas, l'état de la configuration\n"
"   d'une broche GPIO. Cela encode la machine d'état dans le système de type et garantit que vous ne\n"
"   essayez d'utiliser une broche d'une certaine manière sans la configurer correctement au préalable. État illégal\n"
"   les transitions sont interceptées au moment de la compilation.\n"
" * Vous pouvez appeler `is_high` sur une broche d'entrée et `set_high` sur une broche de sortie, mais pas l'inverse.\n"
" * De nombreuses caisses HAL suivent ce modèle."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `embedded-hal`"
msgstr "# `embedded-hal`"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a number of traits\n"
"covering common microcontroller peripherals."
msgstr ""
"La caisse [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) fournit un certain nombre de caractéristiques\n"
"couvrant les périphériques de microcontrôleur courants."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
" * GPIO\n"
" * ADC\n"
" * I2C, SPI, UART, CAN\n"
" * RNG\n"
" * Timers\n"
" * Watchdogs"
msgstr ""
" * GPIO\n"
" * ADC\n"
" * I2C, SPI, UART, PEUT\n"
" * GNA\n"
" * Minuteries\n"
" * Chiens de garde"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Other crates then implement\n"
"[drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) in terms of these\n"
"traits, e.g. an accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus implementation."
msgstr ""
"D'autres caisses mettent alors en œuvre\n"
"[pilotes](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) en ce qui concerne ces\n"
"traits, par ex. un pilote d'accéléromètre peut nécessiter une implémentation de bus I2C ou SPI."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
" * There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other platforms such as Linux on\n"
"Raspberry Pi.\n"
" * There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it isn't stable yet."
msgstr ""
" * Il existe des implémentations pour de nombreux microcontrôleurs, ainsi que pour d'autres plates-formes telles que Linux sur\n"
"Tarte aux framboises.\n"
" * Il y a des travaux en cours sur une version `async` de `embedded-hal`, mais ce n'est pas encore stable."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`"
msgstr "# `probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, like OpenOCD but better\n"
"integrated."
msgstr ""
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) est un ensemble d'outils pratique pour le débogage intégré, comme OpenOCD mais en mieux\n"
"intégré."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* <abbr title=\"Serial Wire Debug\">SWD</abbr> and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes\n"
"* GDB stub and Microsoft <abbr title=\"Debug Adapter Protocol\">DAP</abbr> server\n"
"* Cargo integration"
msgstr ""
"* <abbr title=\"Serial Wire Debug\">SWD</abbr> et JTAG via les sondes CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link et J-Link\n"
"* Stub GDB et serveur Microsoft <abbr title=\"Debug Adapter Protocol\">DAP</abbr>\n"
"* Intégration du fret"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log\n"
"<abbr title=\"Real Time Transfers\">RTT</abbr> output and connect GDB. It's configured by an\n"
"`Embed.toml` file in your project directory."
msgstr ""
"`cargo-embed` est une sous-commande cargo pour construire et flasher des binaires, enregistrer\n"
"Sortie <abbr title=\"Real Time Transfers\">RTT</abbr> et connectez GDB. Il est configuré par un\n"
"Fichier `Embed.toml` dans votre répertoire de projet."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is an Arm standard\n"
"  protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the CoreSight Debug Access Port of various\n"
"  Arm Cortex processors. It's what the on-board debugger on the BBC micro:bit uses.\n"
"* ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-Link is a range from\n"
"  SEGGER.\n"
"* The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin Serial Wire Debug.\n"
"* probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you want to.\n"
"* The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-adapter-protocol/) lets\n"
"  VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any supported microcontroller.\n"
"* cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library.\n"
"* RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the debug host and the target\n"
"  through a number of ringbuffers."
msgstr ""
"* [CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) est une norme Arm\n"
"  protocole sur USB pour un débogueur en circuit pour accéder au port d'accès de débogage CoreSight de divers\n"
"  Processeurs Arm Cortex. C'est ce que le débogueur embarqué sur le BBC micro:bit utilise.\n"
"* ST-Link est une gamme de débogueurs en circuit de ST Microelectronics, J-Link est une gamme de\n"
"  SEGER.\n"
"* Le port d'accès au débogage est généralement une interface JTAG à 5 broches ou un débogage de fil série à 2 broches.\n"
"* probe-rs est une bibliothèque que vous pouvez intégrer dans vos propres outils si vous le souhaitez.\n"
"* Le [protocole de l'adaptateur de débogage Microsoft] (https://microsoft.github.io/debug-adapter-protocol/) permet\n"
"  VSCode et d'autres IDE déboguent le code s'exécutant sur n'importe quel microcontrôleur pris en charge.\n"
"* cargo-embed est un binaire construit à l'aide de la bibliothèque probe-rs.\n"
"* RTT (Real Time Transfers) est un mécanisme de transfert de données entre l'hôte de débogage et la cible\n"
"  à travers un certain nombre de tampons circulaires."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Debugging"
msgstr "# Débogage"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Embed.toml:"
msgstr "Intégrer.toml :"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:5
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[default.general]\n"
"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n"
"\n"
"[debug.gdb]\n"
"enabled = true\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:"
msgstr "Dans un terminal sous `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/` :"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:15
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin board_support debug\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:"
msgstr "Dans un autre terminal du même répertoire :"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:21
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"gdb-multiarch target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/board_support --eval-command=\"target remote :1337\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "In GDB, try running:"
msgstr "Dans GDB, essayez d'exécuter :"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:29
msgid ""
"```gdb\n"
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:29\n"
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:30\n"
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:32\n"
"c\n"
"c\n"
"c\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:1 src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Other projects"
msgstr "# Autres projets"

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
" * [RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)\n"
"   * \"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\"\n"
"   * Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer queue\n"
" * [Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)\n"
"   * `async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB\n"
" * [TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)\n"
"   * Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection Unit support\n"
" * [Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)\n"
"   * Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, unprivileged drivers, IPC\n"
" * [Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)\n"
" * Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g.\n"
"   [esp-idf](https://esp-rs.github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)."
msgstr ""
" * [RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)\n"
"   * \"Concurrence pilotée par interruption en temps réel\"\n"
"   * Gestion des ressources partagées, transmission de messages, planification des tâches, file d'attente du minuteur\n"
" * [Ambassade](https://embassy.dev/)\n"
"   * Exécuteurs \"asynchrones\" avec priorités, minuteries, mise en réseau, USB\n"
" * [TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)\n"
"   * RTOS axé sur la sécurité avec planification préemptive et prise en charge de l'unité de protection de la mémoire\n"
" * [Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)\n"
"   * Microkernel RTOS d'Oxide Computer Company avec protection de la mémoire, pilotes non privilégiés, IPC\n"
" * [Liaisons pour FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)\n"
" * Certaines plates-formes ont des implémentations \"std\", par ex.\n"
"   [esp-idf](https://esp-rs.github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)."

#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
" * RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework.\n"
"   * It doesn't include any HALs.\n"
"   * It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for scheduling rather than a\n"
"     proper kernel.\n"
"   * Cortex-M only.\n"
" * Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys.\n"
" * FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing applications."
msgstr ""
" * RTIC peut être considéré comme un RTOS ou un cadre de concurrence.\n"
"   * Il n'inclut aucun HAL.\n"
"   * Il utilise le Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) pour la planification plutôt qu'un\n"
"     noyau approprié.\n"
"   * Cortex-M uniquement.\n"
" * Google utilise TockOS sur le microcontrôleur Haven pour les clés de sécurité Titan.\n"
" * FreeRTOS est principalement écrit en C, mais il existe des liaisons Rust pour écrire des applications."

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a serial port."
msgstr "Nous lirons la direction à partir d'une boussole I2C et enregistrerons les lectures sur un port série."

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Compass"
msgstr "# Boussole"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a serial port. If you have\n"
"time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or use the buttons somehow."
msgstr ""
"Nous lirons la direction à partir d'une boussole I2C et enregistrerons les lectures sur un port série. Si tu as\n"
"temps, essayez de l'afficher sur les LED d'une manière ou d'une autre, ou utilisez les boutons d'une manière ou d'une autre."

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Hints:"
msgstr "Astuces:"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"- Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/latest/lsm303agr/) and\n"
"  [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/) crates, as well as the\n"
"  [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/).\n"
"- The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C bus.\n"
"- TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM.\n"
"- The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::blocking::i2c::WriteRead`\n"
"  trait. The\n"
"  [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) struct\n"
"  implements this.\n"
"- You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/struct.Board.html)\n"
"  struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals.\n"
"- You can also look at the\n"
"  [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi.com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but\n"
"  it shouldn't be necessary for this exercise."
msgstr ""
"- Consultez la documentation du [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/latest/lsm303agr/) et\n"
"  [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/) caisses, ainsi que les\n"
"  [matériel micro:bit](https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/).\n"
"- La centrale de mesure inertielle LSM303AGR est connectée au bus interne I2C.\n"
"- TWI est un autre nom pour I2C, donc le périphérique maître I2C s'appelle TWIM.\n"
"- Le pilote LSM303AGR a besoin de quelque chose implémentant `embedded_hal::blocking::i2c::WriteRead`\n"
"  trait. Le\n"
"  [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) structure\n"
"  implémente cela.\n"
"- Vous avez un [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/struct.Board.html)\n"
"  structure avec des champs pour les différentes broches et périphériques.\n"
"- Vous pouvez également consulter le\n"
"  [fiche technique nRF52833](https://infocenter.nordicsemi.com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) si vous le souhaitez, mais\n"
"  cela ne devrait pas être nécessaire pour cet exercice."

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and look in the `compass`\n"
"directory for the following files."
msgstr ""
"Téléchargez le [modèle d'exercice] (../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) et regardez dans la `boussole`\n"
"répertoire pour les fichiers suivants."

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:26 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "`src/main.rs`:"
msgstr "`src/main.rs` :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:30
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"use microbit::{hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte}, Board};\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
"    let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    // Configure serial port.\n"
"    let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
"        board.UARTE0,\n"
"        board.uart.into(),\n"
"        Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
"        Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
"    );\n"
"\n"
"    // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
"    // TODO\n"
"\n"
"    writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    loop {\n"
"        // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
"        // TODO\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:64 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:359
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Cargo.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`Cargo.toml` (vous ne devriez pas avoir besoin de le modifier) :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:68
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[workspace]\n"
"\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"compass\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"publish = false\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"cortex-m-rt = \"0.7.3\"\n"
"embedded-hal = \"0.2.6\"\n"
"lsm303agr = \"0.2.2\"\n"
"microbit-v2 = \"0.13.0\"\n"
"panic-halt = \"0.2.0\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:85
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Embed.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`Embed.toml` (vous ne devriez pas avoir besoin de le modifier) :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:87
#, fuzzy
msgid "<!-- File Embed.toml -->"
msgstr "<!-- Fichier Embed.toml -->"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:89
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[default.general]\n"
"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n"
"\n"
"[debug.gdb]\n"
"enabled = true\n"
"\n"
"[debug.reset]\n"
"halt_afterwards = true\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:100 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:958
#, fuzzy
msgid "`.cargo/config.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`.cargo/config.toml` (vous ne devriez pas avoir besoin de le modifier) :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:102 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:960
#, fuzzy
msgid "<!-- File .cargo/config.toml -->"
msgstr "<!-- Fichier .cargo/config.toml -->"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:104
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[build]\n"
"target = \"thumbv7em-none-eabihf\" # Cortex-M4F\n"
"\n"
"[target.'cfg(all(target_arch = \"arm\", target_os = \"none\"))']\n"
"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Tlink.x\"]\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:112
#, fuzzy
msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:"
msgstr "Voir la sortie série sur Linux avec :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:114
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/ttyACM0\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:118
#, fuzzy
msgid "Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):"
msgstr "Ou sur Mac OS quelque chose comme (le nom de l'appareil peut être légèrement différent) :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:120
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/tty.usbmodem14502\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:124
#, fuzzy
msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom."
msgstr "Utilisez Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q pour quitter picocom."

#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Application processors"
msgstr "# Processeurs d'application"

#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. Now let's try writing\n"
"something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work with QEMU's aarch64\n"
"['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/virt.html) board."
msgstr ""
"Jusqu'à présent, nous avons parlé de microcontrôleurs, tels que la série Arm Cortex-M. Essayons maintenant d'écrire\n"
"quelque chose pour Cortex-A. Pour plus de simplicité, nous allons simplement travailler avec aarch64 de QEMU\n"
"['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/virt.html)."

#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of privilege (exception\n"
"  levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application processors do.\n"
"* QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for each architecture. The\n"
"  'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real hardware, but is designed purely for\n"
"  virtual machines."
msgstr ""
"* D'une manière générale, les microcontrôleurs n'ont pas de MMU ou plusieurs niveaux de privilège (exception\n"
"  niveaux sur les processeurs Arm, sonne sur x86), contrairement aux processeurs d'application.\n"
"* QEMU prend en charge l'émulation de différentes machines ou modèles de cartes pour chaque architecture. Le\n"
"  La carte 'virt' ne correspond à aucun matériel réel particulier, mais est conçue uniquement pour\n"
"  machines virtuelles."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Inline assembly"
msgstr "# Assemblage en ligne"

#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with Rust code. For example,\n"
"to make an <abbr title=\"hypervisor call\">HVC</abbr> to tell the firmware to power off the system:"
msgstr ""
"Parfois, nous devons utiliser l'assemblage pour faire des choses qui ne sont pas possibles avec le code Rust. Par exemple,\n"
"pour effectuer un <abbr title=\"appel hyperviseur\">HVC</abbr> pour indiquer au micrologiciel d'éteindre le système :"

#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"use core::arch::asm;\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"\n"
"const PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF: u32 = 0x84000008;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(_x0: u64, _x1: u64, _x2: u64, _x3: u64) {\n"
"    // Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n"
"    // anything with memory.\n"
"    unsafe {\n"
"        asm!(\"hvc #0\",\n"
"            inout(\"w0\") PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF => _,\n"
"            inout(\"w1\") 0 => _,\n"
"            inout(\"w2\") 0 => _,\n"
"            inout(\"w3\") 0 => _,\n"
"            inout(\"w4\") 0 => _,\n"
"            inout(\"w5\") 0 => _,\n"
"            inout(\"w6\") 0 => _,\n"
"            inout(\"w7\") 0 => _,\n"
"            options(nomem, nostack)\n"
"        );\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid "(If you actually want to do this, use the [`psci`][1] crate which has wrappers for all these functions.)"
msgstr "(Si vous voulez vraiment faire cela, utilisez le crate [`psci`][1] qui contient des wrappers pour toutes ces fonctions.)"

#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of functions to manage system\n"
"  and CPU power states, among other things. It is implemented by EL3 firmware and hypervisors on\n"
"  many systems.\n"
"* The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the inline assembly code,\n"
"  and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use `inout` rather than `in` because the call could\n"
"  potentially clobber the contents of the registers.\n"
"* This `main` function needs to be `#[no_mangle]` and `extern \"C\"` because it is called from our\n"
"  entry point in `entry.S`.\n"
"* `_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are conventionally used by the bootloader\n"
"  to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. According to the standard aarch64 calling\n"
"  convention (which is what `extern \"C\"` specifies to use), registers `x0`–`x7` are used for the\n"
"  first 8 arguments passed to a function, so `entry.S` doesn't need to do anything special except\n"
"  make sure it doesn't change these registers.\n"
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
msgstr ""
"* PSCI est l'interface de coordination de l'état de l'alimentation du bras, un ensemble standard de fonctions pour gérer le système\n"
"  et les états d'alimentation du processeur, entre autres. Il est implémenté par le firmware EL3 et les hyperviseurs sur\n"
"  de nombreux systèmes.\n"
"* La syntaxe `0 => _` signifie initialiser le registre à 0 avant d'exécuter le code assembleur en ligne,\n"
"  et ignorer son contenu par la suite. Nous devons utiliser `inout` plutôt que `in` car l'appel pourrait\n"
"  potentiellement encombrer le contenu des registres.\n"
"* Cette fonction `main` doit être `#[no_mangle]` et `extern \"C\"` car elle est appelée depuis notre\n"
"  point d'entrée dans `entry.S`.\n"
"* `_x0`–`_x3` sont les valeurs des registres `x0`–`x3`, qui sont classiquement utilisés par le bootloader\n"
"  pour passer des choses comme un pointeur vers l'arborescence des périphériques. Selon l'appel standard aarch64\n"
"  convention (qui est ce que `extern \"C\"` spécifie d'utiliser), les registres `x0`–`x7` sont utilisés pour la\n"
"  8 premiers arguments passés à une fonction, donc `entry.S` n'a rien de spécial à faire sauf\n"
"  assurez-vous qu'il ne modifie pas ces registres.\n"
"* Exécutez l'exemple dans QEMU avec `make qemu_psci` sous `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Volatile memory access for MMIO"
msgstr "# Accès mémoire volatile pour MMIO"

#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
" * Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`.\n"
" * Never hold a reference.\n"
" * `addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an intermediate reference."
msgstr ""
" * Utilisez `pointer::read_volatile` et `pointer::write_volatile`.\n"
" * Ne détenez jamais une référence.\n"
" * `addr_of!` vous permet d'obtenir des champs de structures sans créer de référence intermédiaire."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
" * Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so prevent the compiler or\n"
"   hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them.\n"
"   * Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the compiler may assume that\n"
"     the value read is the same as the value just written, and not bother actually reading memory.\n"
" * Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, but this is unsound.\n"
"   Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to dereference it.\n"
" * Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to the struct."
msgstr ""
" * Accès volatile : les opérations de lecture ou d'écriture peuvent avoir des effets secondaires, évitez donc que le compilateur ou\n"
"   matériel de les réorganiser, de les dupliquer ou de les supprimer.\n"
"   * Habituellement, si vous écrivez puis lisez, par ex. via une référence mutable, le compilateur peut supposer que\n"
"     la valeur lue est la même que la valeur que vous venez d'écrire et ne vous souciez pas de lire la mémoire.\n"
" * Certaines caisses existantes pour l'accès volatile au matériel contiennent des références, mais ce n'est pas valable.\n"
"   Chaque fois qu'une référence existe, le compilateur peut choisir de la déréférencer.\n"
" * Utilisez la macro `addr_of!` pour obtenir des pointeurs de champ struct à partir d'un pointeur vers la struct."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Let's write a UART driver"
msgstr "# Écrivons un pilote UART"

#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011][1] UART, so let's write a driver for that."
msgstr "La machine QEMU 'virt' a un [PL011][1] UART, écrivons donc un pilote pour cela."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n"
"const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n"
"const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n"
"\n"
"/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"pub struct Uart {\n"
"    base_address: *mut u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Uart {\n"
"    /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n"
"    /// given base address.\n"
"    ///\n"
"    /// # Safety\n"
"    ///\n"
"    /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of a\n"
"    /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the process\n"
"    /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
"    pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n"
"        Self { base_address }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
"    pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
"        // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
"        while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n"
"\n"
"        // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
"        // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
"        unsafe {\n"
"            // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
"            self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n"
"        }\n"
"\n"
"        // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
"        while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n"
"        // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
"        // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
"        unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET).read_volatile() }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:55
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is because as long as the\n"
"  caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety requirements are met (i.e. that there is only\n"
"  ever one instance of the driver for a given UART, and nothing else aliasing its address space),\n"
"  then it is always safe to call `write_byte` later because we can assume the necessary\n"
"  preconditions.\n"
"* We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but `write_byte` unsafe), but that\n"
"  would be much less convenient to use as every place that calls `write_byte` would need to reason\n"
"  about the safety\n"
"* This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving the burden of proof for\n"
"  soundness from a large number of places to a smaller number of places."
msgstr ""
"* Notez que `Uart::new` n'est pas sûr alors que les autres méthodes sont sûres. C'est parce que tant que le\n"
"  l'appelant de `Uart::new` garantit que ses exigences de sécurité sont respectées (c'est-à-dire qu'il n'y a\n"
"  jamais une instance du pilote pour un UART donné, et rien d'autre aliasant son espace d'adressage),\n"
"  alors il est toujours sûr d'appeler `write_byte` plus tard car nous pouvons supposer que le nécessaire\n"
"  conditions préalables.\n"
"* Nous aurions pu faire l'inverse (rendre `new` sûr mais `write_byte` non sûr), mais cela\n"
"  serait beaucoup moins pratique à utiliser car chaque endroit qui appelle `write_byte` aurait besoin de raisonner\n"
"  sur la sécurité\n"
"* Il s'agit d'un modèle courant pour écrire des wrappers sûrs de code non sécurisé : déplacer la charge de la preuve pour\n"
"  solidité d'un grand nombre d'endroits à un plus petit nombre d'endroits."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:66
#, fuzzy
msgid "</detais>"
msgstr "</détails>"

#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# More traits"
msgstr "# Plus de traits"

#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more traits too."
msgstr "Nous avons dérivé le trait `Debug`. Il serait également utile de mettre en œuvre quelques traits supplémentaires."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n"
"\n"
"impl Write for Uart {\n"
"    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
"        for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
"            self.write_byte(*c);\n"
"        }\n"
"        Ok(())\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
"// accessed from any context.\n"
"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with our `Uart` type.\n"
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
msgstr ""
"* L'implémentation de `Write` nous permet d'utiliser les macros `write!` et `writeln!` avec notre type `Uart`.\n"
"* Exécutez l'exemple dans QEMU avec `make qemu_minimal` sous `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# A better UART driver"
msgstr "# Un meilleur pilote UART"

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers][1], and adding offsets to construct pointers to access\n"
"them is error-prone and hard to read. Plus, some of them are bit fields which would be nice to\n"
"access in a structured way."
msgstr ""
"Le PL011 a en fait [un tas de registres supplémentaires] [1], et ajoute des décalages pour construire des pointeurs pour accéder\n"
"est sujette aux erreurs et difficile à lire. De plus, certains d'entre eux sont des champs de bits, ce qui serait bien de\n"
"accéder de manière structurée."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"| Offset | Register name | Width |\n"
"| ------ | ------------- | ----- |\n"
"| 0x00   | DR            | 12    |\n"
"| 0x04   | RSR           | 4     |\n"
"| 0x18   | FR            | 9     |\n"
"| 0x20   | ILPR          | 8     |\n"
"| 0x24   | IBRD          | 16    |\n"
"| 0x28   | FBRD          | 6     |\n"
"| 0x2c   | LCR_H         | 8     |\n"
"| 0x30   | CR            | 16    |\n"
"| 0x34   | IFLS          | 6     |\n"
"| 0x38   | IMSC          | 11    |\n"
"| 0x3c   | RIS           | 11    |\n"
"| 0x40   | MIS           | 11    |\n"
"| 0x44   | ICR           | 11    |\n"
"| 0x48   | DMACR         | 3     |"
msgstr ""
"| Décalage | Nom du registre | Largeur |\n"
"| ------ | -------------- | ----- |\n"
"| 0x00 | DR | 12 |\n"
"| 0x04 | RSR | 4 |\n"
"| 0x18 | EN | 9 |\n"
"| 0x20 | ILPR | 8 |\n"
"| 0x24 | BIRD | 16 |\n"
"| 0x28 | FBRD | 6 |\n"
"| 0x2c | LCR_H | 8 |\n"
"| 0x30 | CR | 16 |\n"
"| 0x34 | IFLS | 6 |\n"
"| 0x38 | IMSC | 11 |\n"
"| 0x3c | SIR | 11 |\n"
"| 0x40 | SIG | 11 |\n"
"| 0x44 | RIC | 11 |\n"
"| 0x48 | DMACR | 3 |"

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "- There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity."
msgstr "- Il existe également des registres d'identification qui ont été omis par souci de brièveté."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Bitflags"
msgstr "# Bitflags"

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for working with bitflags."
msgstr "Le crate [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) est utile pour travailler avec les bitflags."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
"\n"
"bitflags! {\n"
"    /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
"    #[repr(transparent)]\n"
"    #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
"    struct Flags: u16 {\n"
"        /// Clear to send.\n"
"        const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
"        /// Data set ready.\n"
"        const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
"        /// Data carrier detect.\n"
"        const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
"        /// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
"        const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
"        /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
"        const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
"        /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
"        const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
"        /// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
"        const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
"        /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
"        const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
"        /// Ring indicator.\n"
"        const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along with a bunch of method\n"
"  implementations to get and set flags."
msgstr ""
"* La macro `bitflags!` crée un nouveau type quelque chose comme `Flags(u16)`, avec un tas de méthodes\n"
"  implémentations pour obtenir et définir des drapeaux."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Multiple registers"
msgstr "# Plusieurs registres"

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers."
msgstr "Nous pouvons utiliser une structure pour représenter la disposition de la mémoire des registres de l'UART."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
"struct Registers {\n"
"    dr: u16,\n"
"    _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n"
"    rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n"
"    _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n"
"    fr: Flags,\n"
"    _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n"
"    ilpr: u8,\n"
"    _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
"    ibrd: u16,\n"
"    _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n"
"    fbrd: u8,\n"
"    _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n"
"    lcr_h: u8,\n"
"    _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n"
"    cr: u16,\n"
"    _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n"
"    ifls: u8,\n"
"    _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n"
"    imsc: u16,\n"
"    _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n"
"    ris: u16,\n"
"    _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n"
"    mis: u16,\n"
"    _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n"
"    icr: u16,\n"
"    _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n"
"    dmacr: u8,\n"
"    _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-representation) tells\n"
"  the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, following the same rules as C. This is\n"
"  necessary for our struct to have a predictable layout, as default Rust representation allows the\n"
"  compiler to (among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit."
msgstr ""
"* [`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-representation) indique\n"
"  le compilateur pour disposer les champs struct dans l'ordre, en suivant les mêmes règles que C. Ceci est\n"
"  nécessaire pour que notre structure ait une mise en page prévisible, car la représentation Rust par défaut permet\n"
"  compilateur pour (entre autres) réorganiser les champs comme bon lui semble."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Driver"
msgstr "# Conducteur"

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver."
msgstr "Utilisons maintenant la nouvelle structure `Registers` dans notre pilote."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"pub struct Uart {\n"
"    registers: *mut Registers,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Uart {\n"
"    /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n"
"    /// given base address.\n"
"    ///\n"
"    /// # Safety\n"
"    ///\n"
"    /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of a\n"
"    /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the process\n"
"    /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
"    pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
"        Self {\n"
"            registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
"    pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
"        // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
"        while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
"\n"
"        // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
"        // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
"        unsafe {\n"
"            // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
"            addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n"
"        }\n"
"\n"
"        // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
"        while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been received.\n"
"    pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
"        if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
"            None\n"
"        } else {\n"
"            let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() };\n"
"            // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
"            Some(data as u8)\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
"        // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
"        // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
"        unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:64
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual fields without creating\n"
"  an intermediate reference, which would be unsound."
msgstr ""
"* Notez l'utilisation de `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` pour obtenir des pointeurs vers des champs individuels sans créer\n"
"  une référence intermédiaire, qui serait malsaine."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:1 src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Using it"
msgstr "# En l'utilisant"

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, and echo incoming\n"
"bytes."
msgstr ""
"Écrivons un petit programme en utilisant notre pilote pour écrire sur la console série et écho entrant\n"
"octets."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"mod pl011;\n"
"\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use core::{fmt::Write, panic::PanicInfo};\n"
"use log::error;\n"
"use psci::system_off;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
"pub const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
"    // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n"
"    // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
"    let mut uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
"\n"
"    writeln!(uart, \"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\").unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    loop {\n"
"        if let Some(b) = uart.read_byte() {\n"
"            uart.write_byte(b);\n"
"            match b {\n"
"                b'\\r' => {\n"
"                    uart.write_byte(b'\\n');\n"
"                }\n"
"                b'q' => break,\n"
"                _ => {}\n"
"            }\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    writeln!(uart, \"Bye!\").unwrap();\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` function is called from our\n"
"  entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker notes there for details.\n"
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
msgstr ""
"* Comme dans l'exemple [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md), cette fonction `main` est appelée depuis notre\n"
"  code du point d'entrée dans `entry.S`. Voir les notes du conférencier pour plus de détails.\n"
"* Exécutez l'exemple dans QEMU avec `make qemu` sous `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`][1] crate. We can do this by\n"
"implementing the `Log` trait."
msgstr ""
"Ce serait bien de pouvoir utiliser les macros de journalisation du crate [`log`][1]. Nous pouvons le faire en\n"
"implémentant le trait `Log`."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
"\n"
"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
"    uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"struct Logger {\n"
"    uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Log for Logger {\n"
"    fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
"        true\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
"        writeln!(\n"
"            self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
"            \"[{}] {}\",\n"
"            record.level(),\n"
"            record.args()\n"
"        )\n"
"        .unwrap();\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn flush(&self) {}\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), SetLoggerError> {\n"
"    LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
"\n"
"    log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
"    log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
"    Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid "* The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling `set_logger`."
msgstr "* Le déballage dans `log` est sûr car nous initialisons `LOGGER` avant d'appeler `set_logger`."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it."
msgstr "Nous devons initialiser l'enregistreur avant de l'utiliser."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"mod logger;\n"
"mod pl011;\n"
"\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n"
"use psci::system_off;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
"pub const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
"    // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n"
"    // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
"    let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
"    logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    info!(\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\");\n"
"\n"
"    assert_eq!(x1, 42);\n"
"\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[panic_handler]\n"
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
"    error!(\"{info}\");\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"    loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics.\n"
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
msgstr ""
"* Notez que notre gestionnaire de panique peut désormais enregistrer les détails des paniques.\n"
"* Exécutez l'exemple dans QEMU avec `make qemu_logger` sous `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."

#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
" * [oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)\n"
"   * \"coreboot without the C\"\n"
"   * Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V.\n"
"   * Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself.\n"
" * [Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)\n"
"   * Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, exception handling, page tables\n"
"   * Not all very well written, so beware.\n"
" * [`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)\n"
"   * Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage."
msgstr ""
" * [oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)\n"
"   * \"coreboot sans le C\"\n"
"   * Prend en charge x86, aarch64 et RISC-V.\n"
"   * S'appuie sur LinuxBoot plutôt que d'avoir lui-même de nombreux pilotes.\n"
" * [Tutoriel Rust RaspberryPi OS] (https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)\n"
"   * Initialisation, pilote UART, chargeur de démarrage simple, JTAG, niveaux d'exception, gestion des exceptions, tables de pages\n"
"   * Pas tous très bien écrits, alors méfiez-vous.\n"
" * [`pile-appel-cargo`](https://crates.io/crates/pile-appel-cargo)\n"
"   * Analyse statique pour déterminer l'utilisation maximale de la pile."

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Useful crates"
msgstr "# Caisses utiles"

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal programming."
msgstr "Nous allons passer en revue quelques caisses qui résolvent certains problèmes courants de la programmation bare-metal."

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `zerocopy`"
msgstr "# `zérocopie`"

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`zerocopy`][1] crate (from Fuchsia) provides traits and macros for safely converting between\n"
"byte sequences and other types."
msgstr ""
"La caisse [`zerocopy`][1] (de Fuchsia) fournit des traits et des macros pour convertir en toute sécurité entre\n"
"séquences d'octets et autres types."

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use zerocopy::AsBytes;\n"
"\n"
"#[repr(u32)]\n"
"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n"
"enum RequestType {\n"
"    #[default]\n"
"    In = 0,\n"
"    Out = 1,\n"
"    Flush = 4,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[repr(C)]\n"
"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n"
"struct VirtioBlockRequest {\n"
"    request_type: RequestType,\n"
"    reserved: u32,\n"
"    sector: u64,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let request = VirtioBlockRequest {\n"
"        request_type: RequestType::Flush,\n"
"        sector: 42,\n"
"        ..Default::default()\n"
"    };\n"
"\n"
"    assert_eq!(\n"
"        request.as_bytes(),\n"
"        &[4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n"
"    );\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), but can be useful for\n"
"working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by DMA, or sent over some external interface."
msgstr ""
"Ce n'est pas adapté pour MMIO (car il n'utilise pas de lectures et d'écritures volatiles), mais peut être utile pour\n"
"travailler avec des structures partagées avec du matériel, par ex. par DMA, ou envoyé sur une interface externe."

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is valid, and so can safely be\n"
"  converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes.\n"
"* Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because `RequestType` doesn't use all\n"
"  possible u32 values as discriminants, so not all byte patterns are valid.\n"
"* `zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives.\n"
"* Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy-example/`. (It won't\n"
"  run in the Playground because of the crate dependency.)"
msgstr ""
"* `FromBytes` peut être implémenté pour les types pour lesquels n'importe quel modèle d'octet est valide, et peut donc être en toute sécurité\n"
"  converti à partir d'une séquence d'octets non fiable.\n"
"* Tenter de dériver `FromBytes` pour ces types échouerait, car `RequestType` n'utilise pas tous\n"
"  les valeurs u32 possibles comme discriminants, donc tous les modèles d'octets ne sont pas valides.\n"
"* `zerocopy::byteorder` a des types pour les primitives numériques sensibles à l'ordre des octets.\n"
"* Exécutez l'exemple avec `cargo run` sous `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy-example/`. (Ce ne sera pas\n"
"  exécuter dans le Playground en raison de la dépendance de la caisse.)"

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `aarch64-paging`"
msgstr "# `aarch64-pagination`"

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`aarch64-paging`][1] crate lets you create page tables according to the AArch64 Virtual Memory\n"
"System Architecture."
msgstr ""
"La caisse [`aarch64-paging`][1] vous permet de créer des tables de pages en fonction de la mémoire virtuelle AArch64\n"
"Architecture du système."

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use aarch64_paging::{\n"
"    idmap::IdMap,\n"
"    paging::{Attributes, MemoryRegion},\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"const ASID: usize = 1;\n"
"const ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;\n"
"\n"
"// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n"
"let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);\n"
"// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n"
"idmap.map_range(\n"
"    &MemoryRegion::new(0x80200000, 0x80400000),\n"
"    Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,\n"
").unwrap();\n"
"// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n"
"idmap.activate();\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels should be straightforward to\n"
"  add.\n"
"* This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware][2].\n"
"* There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real hardware or under QEMU."
msgstr ""
"* Pour l'instant, il ne prend en charge que EL1, mais la prise en charge d'autres niveaux d'exception devrait être simple à\n"
"  ajouter.\n"
"* Ceci est utilisé dans Android pour le [micrologiciel de la machine virtuelle protégée] [2].\n"
"* Il n'y a pas de moyen simple d'exécuter cet exemple, car il doit être exécuté sur du matériel réel ou sous QEMU."

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `buddy_system_allocator`"
msgstr "# `buddy_system_allocator`"

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`buddy_system_allocator`][1] is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator.\n"
"It can be used both for [`LockedHeap`][2] implementing [`GlobalAlloc`][3] so you can use the\n"
"standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before][4]), or for allocating other address space. For example,\n"
"we might want to allocate MMIO space for PCI BARs:"
msgstr ""
"[`buddy_system_allocator`][1] est une caisse tierce implémentant un système d'allocation de copains de base.\n"
"Il peut être utilisé à la fois pour [`LockedHeap`][2] implémentant [`GlobalAlloc`][3] afin que vous puissiez utiliser le\n"
"caisse `alloc` standard (comme nous l'avons vu [avant] [4]), ou pour allouer un autre espace d'adressage. Par exemple,\n"
"nous pourrions vouloir allouer de l'espace MMIO pour les PCI BAR :"

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use buddy_system_allocator::FrameAllocator;\n"
"use core::alloc::Layout;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut allocator = FrameAllocator::<32>::new();\n"
"    allocator.add_frame(0x200_0000, 0x400_0000);\n"
"\n"
"    let layout = Layout::from_size_align(0x100, 0x100).unwrap();\n"
"    let bar = allocator\n"
"        .alloc_aligned(layout)\n"
"        .expect(\"Failed to allocate 0x100 byte MMIO region\");\n"
"    println!(\"Allocated 0x100 byte MMIO region at {:#x}\", bar);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size.\n"
"* Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/allocator-example/`. (It won't\n"
"  run in the Playground because of the crate dependency.)"
msgstr ""
"* Les PCI BAR ont toujours un alignement égal à leur taille.\n"
"* Exécutez l'exemple avec `cargo run` sous `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/allocator-example/`. (Ce ne sera pas\n"
"  exécuter dans le Playground en raison de la dépendance de la caisse.)"

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `tinyvec`"
msgstr "# `tinyvec`"

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without heap allocation.\n"
"[`tinyvec`][1] provides this: a vector backed by an array or slice, which could be statically\n"
"allocated or on the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used and panics if you try to\n"
"use more than are allocated."
msgstr ""
"Parfois, vous voulez quelque chose qui peut être redimensionné comme un `Vec`, mais sans allocation de tas.\n"
"[`tinyvec`][1] fournit ceci : un vecteur soutenu par un tableau ou une tranche, qui pourrait être statiquement\n"
"alloué ou sur la pile, qui garde une trace du nombre d'éléments utilisés et panique si vous essayez de\n"
"utiliser plus que ce qui est alloué."

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use tinyvec::{array_vec, ArrayVec};\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut numbers: ArrayVec<[u32; 5]> = array_vec!(42, 66);\n"
"    println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
"    numbers.push(7);\n"
"    println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
"    numbers.remove(1);\n"
"    println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for initialisation.\n"
"* The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine inline."
msgstr ""
"* `tinyvec` nécessite que le type d'élément implémente `Default` pour l'initialisation.\n"
"* Le Rust Playground inclut `tinyvec`, donc cet exemple fonctionnera bien en ligne."

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `spin`"
msgstr "# `tourner`"

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` are not available in\n"
"`core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or interior mutability, such as for sharing\n"
"state between different CPUs?"
msgstr ""
"`std::sync::Mutex` et les autres primitives de synchronisation de `std::sync` ne sont pas disponibles dans\n"
"`core` ou `alloc`. Comment gérer la synchronisation ou la mutabilité intérieure, comme pour le partage\n"
"état entre différents processeurs ?"

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "The [`spin`][1] crate provides spinlock-based equivalents of many of these primitives."
msgstr "Le crate [`spin`][1] fournit des équivalents basés sur des verrous d'attente de plusieurs de ces primitives."

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:9
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
"\n"
"static counter: SpinMutex<u32> = SpinMutex::new(0);\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n"
"    *counter.lock() += 2;\n"
"    println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:23
msgid ""
"* Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers.\n"
"* `spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of `RwLock`, `Barrier` and `Once`\n"
"  from `std::sync`;  and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation.\n"
"* The [`once_cell`][2] crate also has some useful types for late initialisation with a slightly\n"
"  different approach to `spin::once::Once`.\n"
"* The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline."
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/android.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a `rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build\n"
"your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` with a linker script to produce the binary itself, and then a\n"
"`raw_binary` to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run."
msgstr ""
"Pour construire un binaire Rust bare-metal dans AOSP, vous devez utiliser une règle Soong `rust_ffi_static` pour construire\n"
"votre code Rust, puis un `cc_binary` avec un script de liaison pour produire le binaire lui-même, puis un\n"
"`raw_binary` pour convertir l'ELF en un binaire brut prêt à être exécuté."

#: src/bare-metal/android.md:7
msgid ""
"```soong\n"
"rust_ffi_static {\n"
"    name: \"libvmbase_example\",\n"
"    defaults: [\"vmbase_ffi_defaults\"],\n"
"    crate_name: \"vmbase_example\",\n"
"    srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
"    rustlibs: [\n"
"        \"libvmbase\",\n"
"    ],\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"cc_binary {\n"
"    name: \"vmbase_example\",\n"
"    defaults: [\"vmbase_elf_defaults\"],\n"
"    srcs: [\n"
"        \"idmap.S\",\n"
"    ],\n"
"    static_libs: [\n"
"        \"libvmbase_example\",\n"
"    ],\n"
"    linker_scripts: [\n"
"        \"image.ld\",\n"
"        \":vmbase_sections\",\n"
"    ],\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"raw_binary {\n"
"    name: \"vmbase_example_bin\",\n"
"    stem: \"vmbase_example.bin\",\n"
"    src: \":vmbase_example\",\n"
"    enabled: false,\n"
"    target: {\n"
"        android_arm64: {\n"
"            enabled: true,\n"
"        },\n"
"    },\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# vmbase"
msgstr "# vmbase"

#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase][1] library provides a linker script and useful\n"
"defaults for the build rules, along with an entry point, UART console logging and more."
msgstr ""
"Pour les machines virtuelles exécutées sous crosvm sur aarch64, la bibliothèque [vmbase][1] fournit un script de liaison et des informations "
"utiles.\n"
"valeurs par défaut pour les règles de construction, ainsi qu'un point d'entrée, la journalisation de la console UART et plus encore."

#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"use vmbase::{main, println};\n"
"\n"
"main!(main);\n"
"\n"
"pub fn main(arg0: u64, arg1: u64, arg2: u64, arg3: u64) {\n"
"    println!(\"Hello world\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` entry point.\n"
"* The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown\n"
"  the VM if your main function returns."
msgstr ""
"* La macro `main!` marque votre fonction principale, à appeler depuis le point d'entrée `vmbase`.\n"
"* Le point d'entrée `vmbase` gère l'initialisation de la console et émet un PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF pour l'arrêt\n"
"  la VM si votre fonction principale revient."

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device."
msgstr "Nous allons écrire un pilote pour le dispositif d'horloge en temps réel PL031."

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# RTC driver"
msgstr "# Pilote RTC"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031][1] real-time clock at 0x9010000. For this exercise, you\n"
"should write a driver for it and use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use\n"
"the [`chrono`][2] crate for date/time formatting."
msgstr ""
"La machine QEMU aarch64 virt a une horloge en temps réel [PL031] [1] à 0x9010000. Pour cet exercice, vous\n"
"devrait écrire un pilote pour cela et l'utiliser pour imprimer l'heure actuelle sur la console série. Vous pouvez utiliser\n"
"la caisse [`chrono`][2] pour le formatage de la date/heure."

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and look in the `rtc`\n"
"directory for the following files."
msgstr ""
"Téléchargez le [modèle d'exercice] (../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) et regardez dans le `rtc`\n"
"répertoire pour les fichiers suivants."

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:14
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"mod logger;\n"
"mod pl011;\n"
"\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n"
"use psci::system_off;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
"pub const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
"    // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n"
"    // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
"    let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
"    logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
"\n"
"    // TODO: Initialise RTC and print value.\n"
"\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[panic_handler]\n"
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
"    error!(\"{info}\");\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"    loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid "`src/exceptions.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`src/exceptions.rs` (vous ne devriez pas avoir besoin de le modifier) :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:54
#, fuzzy
msgid "<!-- File src/exceptions.rs -->"
msgstr "<!-- Fichier src/exceptions.rs -->"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:56
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"use log::error;\n"
"use psci::system_off;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
"    error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
"    error!(\"irq_current\");\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
"    error!(\"fiq_current\");\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
"    error!(\"serr_current\");\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
"    error!(\"sync_lower\");\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
"    error!(\"irq_lower\");\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
"    error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
"    error!(\"serr_lower\");\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:123
#, fuzzy
msgid "`src/logger.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`src/logger.rs` (vous ne devriez pas avoir besoin de le modifier) :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:125
#, fuzzy
msgid "<!-- File src/logger.rs -->"
msgstr "<!-- Fichier src/logger.rs -->"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:127
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
"\n"
"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
"    uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"struct Logger {\n"
"    uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Log for Logger {\n"
"    fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
"        true\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
"        writeln!(\n"
"            self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
"            \"[{}] {}\",\n"
"            record.level(),\n"
"            record.args()\n"
"        )\n"
"        .unwrap();\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn flush(&self) {}\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), SetLoggerError> {\n"
"    LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
"\n"
"    log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
"    log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
"    Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:184
#, fuzzy
msgid "`src/pl011.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`src/pl011.rs` (vous ne devriez pas avoir besoin de le modifier) :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:186
#, fuzzy
msgid "<!-- File src/pl011.rs -->"
msgstr "<!-- Fichier src/pl011.rs -->"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:188
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"use core::{\n"
"    fmt::{self, Write},\n"
"    ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut},\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Flags\n"
"use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
"\n"
"bitflags! {\n"
"    /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
"    #[repr(transparent)]\n"
"    #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
"    struct Flags: u16 {\n"
"        /// Clear to send.\n"
"        const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
"        /// Data set ready.\n"
"        const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
"        /// Data carrier detect.\n"
"        const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
"        /// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
"        const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
"        /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
"        const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
"        /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
"        const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
"        /// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
"        const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
"        /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
"        const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
"        /// Ring indicator.\n"
"        const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n"
"\n"
"bitflags! {\n"
"    /// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n"
"    #[repr(transparent)]\n"
"    #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
"    struct ReceiveStatus: u16 {\n"
"        /// Framing error.\n"
"        const FE = 1 << 0;\n"
"        /// Parity error.\n"
"        const PE = 1 << 1;\n"
"        /// Break error.\n"
"        const BE = 1 << 2;\n"
"        /// Overrun error.\n"
"        const OE = 1 << 3;\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Registers\n"
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
"struct Registers {\n"
"    dr: u16,\n"
"    _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n"
"    rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n"
"    _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n"
"    fr: Flags,\n"
"    _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n"
"    ilpr: u8,\n"
"    _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
"    ibrd: u16,\n"
"    _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n"
"    fbrd: u8,\n"
"    _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n"
"    lcr_h: u8,\n"
"    _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n"
"    cr: u16,\n"
"    _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n"
"    ifls: u8,\n"
"    _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n"
"    imsc: u16,\n"
"    _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n"
"    ris: u16,\n"
"    _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n"
"    mis: u16,\n"
"    _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n"
"    icr: u16,\n"
"    _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n"
"    dmacr: u8,\n"
"    _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Uart\n"
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"pub struct Uart {\n"
"    registers: *mut Registers,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Uart {\n"
"    /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n"
"    /// given base address.\n"
"    ///\n"
"    /// # Safety\n"
"    ///\n"
"    /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of a\n"
"    /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the process\n"
"    /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
"    pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
"        Self {\n"
"            registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
"    pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
"        // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
"        while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
"\n"
"        // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
"        // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
"        unsafe {\n"
"            // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
"            addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n"
"        }\n"
"\n"
"        // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
"        while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been received.\n"
"    pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
"        if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
"            None\n"
"        } else {\n"
"            let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() };\n"
"            // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
"            Some(data as u8)\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
"        // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
"        // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
"        unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n"
"\n"
"impl Write for Uart {\n"
"    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
"        for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
"            self.write_byte(*c);\n"
"        }\n"
"        Ok(())\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
"// accessed from any context.\n"
"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:363
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[workspace]\n"
"\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"rtc\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"publish = false\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"bitflags = \"2.0.0\"\n"
"chrono = { version = \"0.4.24\", default-features = false }\n"
"log = \"0.4.17\"\n"
"psci = \"0.1.1\"\n"
"spin = \"0.9.8\"\n"
"\n"
"[build-dependencies]\n"
"cc = \"1.0.73\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:383
#, fuzzy
msgid "`build.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`build.rs` (vous ne devriez pas avoir besoin de le modifier) :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:385
#, fuzzy
msgid "<!-- File build.rs -->"
msgstr "<!-- Fichier build.rs -->"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:387
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"use cc::Build;\n"
"use std::env;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    #[cfg(target_os = \"linux\")]\n"
"    env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-linux-gnu\");\n"
"    #[cfg(not(target_os = \"linux\"))]\n"
"    env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-none-elf\");\n"
"\n"
"    Build::new()\n"
"        .file(\"entry.S\")\n"
"        .file(\"exceptions.S\")\n"
"        .file(\"idmap.S\")\n"
"        .compile(\"empty\")\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:419
#, fuzzy
msgid "`entry.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`entry.S` (vous ne devriez pas avoir besoin de le modifier) :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:421
#, fuzzy
msgid "<!-- File entry.S -->"
msgstr "<!-- Entrée de fichier.S -->"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:423
msgid ""
"```armasm\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
".macro adr_l, reg:req, sym:req\n"
"\tadrp \\reg, \\sym\n"
"\tadd \\reg, \\reg, :lo12:\\sym\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
".macro mov_i, reg:req, imm:req\n"
"\tmovz \\reg, :abs_g3:\\imm\n"
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g2_nc:\\imm\n"
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g1_nc:\\imm\n"
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g0_nc:\\imm\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
".set .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE,\t0x04\n"
".set .L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA,\t0xff\n"
".set .Lmairval, .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE | (.L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA << 8)\n"
"\n"
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR0_EL1. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_TG0_4KB, 0x0 << 14\n"
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR1_EL1. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_TG1_4KB, 0x2 << 30\n"
"/* Disable translation table walk for TTBR1_EL1, generating a translation fault instead. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_EPD1, 0x1 << 23\n"
"/* Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner sharable. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_SH_INNER, 0x3 << 12\n"
"/*\n"
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are outer write-back read-allocate write-allocate\n"
" * cacheable.\n"
" */\n"
".set .L_TCR_RGN_OWB, 0x1 << 10\n"
"/*\n"
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner write-back read-allocate write-allocate\n"
" * cacheable.\n"
" */\n"
".set .L_TCR_RGN_IWB, 0x1 << 8\n"
"/* Size offset for TTBR0_EL1 is 2**39 bytes (512 GiB). */\n"
".set .L_TCR_T0SZ_512, 64 - 39\n"
".set .Ltcrval, .L_TCR_TG0_4KB | .L_TCR_TG1_4KB | .L_TCR_EPD1 | .L_TCR_RGN_OWB\n"
".set .Ltcrval, .Ltcrval | .L_TCR_RGN_IWB | .L_TCR_SH_INNER | .L_TCR_T0SZ_512\n"
"\n"
"/* Stage 1 instruction access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_I, 0x1 << 12\n"
"/* SP alignment fault if SP is not aligned to a 16 byte boundary. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA, 0x1 << 3\n"
"/* Stage 1 data access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_C, 0x1 << 2\n"
"/* EL0 and EL1 stage 1 MMU enabled. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_M, 0x1 << 0\n"
"/* Privileged Access Never is unchanged on taking an exception to EL1. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0x1 << 23\n"
"/* SETEND instruction disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0x1 << 8\n"
"/* Various IT instructions are disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD, 0x1 << 7\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1, (0x1 << 11) | (0x1 << 20) | (0x1 << 22) | (0x1 << 28) | (0x1 << 29)\n"
".set .Lsctlrval, .L_SCTLR_ELx_M | .L_SCTLR_ELx_C | .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA | .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED\n"
".set .Lsctlrval, .Lsctlrval | .L_SCTLR_ELx_I | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN | .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * This is a generic entry point for an image. It carries out the operations required to prepare the\n"
" * loaded image to be run. Specifically, it zeroes the bss section using registers x25 and above,\n"
" * prepares the stack, enables floating point, and sets up the exception vector. It preserves x0-x3\n"
" * for the Rust entry point, as these may contain boot parameters.\n"
" */\n"
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
".global entry\n"
"entry:\n"
"\t/* Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable MMU and caches. */\n"
"\tadrp x30, idmap\n"
"\tmsr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\tmov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
"\tmsr mair_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\tmov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
"\t/* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
"\tmrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
"\tbfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
"\n"
"\tmsr tcr_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\tmov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate any potentially stale\n"
"\t * local TLB entries before they start being used.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\ttlbi vmalle1\n"
"\tic iallu\n"
"\tdsb nsh\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until this has completed.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\tmsr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
"\tmrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
"\torr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
"\tmsr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
"\tadr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
"\tadr_l x30, bss_end\n"
"0:\tcmp x29, x30\n"
"\tb.hs 1f\n"
"\tstp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
"\tb 0b\n"
"\n"
"1:\t/* Prepare the stack. */\n"
"\tadr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
"\tmov sp, x30\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Set up exception vector. */\n"
"\tadr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
"\tmsr vbar_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Call into Rust code. */\n"
"\tbl main\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
"2:\twfi\n"
"\tb 2b\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:568
#, fuzzy
msgid "`exceptions.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`exceptions.S` (vous ne devriez pas avoir besoin de le modifier) :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:570
#, fuzzy
msgid "<!-- File exceptions.S -->"
msgstr "<!-- Fichier exceptions.S -->"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:572
msgid ""
"```armasm\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * Saves the volatile registers onto the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers with 18 instructions\n"
" * left.\n"
" *\n"
" * On return, x0 and x1 are initialised to elr_el2 and spsr_el2 respectively,\n"
" * which can be used as the first and second arguments of a subsequent call.\n"
" */\n"
".macro save_volatile_to_stack\n"
"\t/* Reserve stack space and save registers x0-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #-(8 * 24)]!\n"
"\tstp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
"\tstp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
"\tstp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
"\tstp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
"\tstp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
"\tstp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
"\tstp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
"\tstp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
"\tstr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
"\tstp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Save elr_el1 & spsr_el1. This such that we can take nested exception\n"
"\t * and still be able to unwind.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\tmrs x0, elr_el1\n"
"\tmrs x1, spsr_el1\n"
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * Restores the volatile registers from the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers while still leaving 18\n"
" * instructions left; if paired with save_volatile_to_stack, there are 4\n"
" * instructions to spare.\n"
" */\n"
".macro restore_volatile_from_stack\n"
"\t/* Restore registers x2-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
"\tldp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
"\tldp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
"\tldp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
"\tldp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
"\tldp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
"\tldp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
"\tldp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
"\tldp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
"\tldr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
"\tldp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Restore registers elr_el1 & spsr_el1, using x0 & x1 as scratch. */\n"
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
"\tmsr elr_el1, x0\n"
"\tmsr spsr_el1, x1\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Restore x0 & x1, and release stack space. */\n"
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp], #8 * 24\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while using\n"
" * SP0. It behaves similarly to the SPx case by first switching to SPx, doing\n"
" * the work, then switching back to SP0 before returning.\n"
" *\n"
" * Switching to SPx and calling the Rust handler takes 16 instructions. To\n"
" * restore and return we need an additional 16 instructions, so we can implement\n"
" * the whole handler within the allotted 32 instructions.\n"
" */\n"
".macro current_exception_sp0 handler:req\n"
"\tmsr spsel, #1\n"
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
"\tbl \\handler\n"
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
"\tmsr spsel, #0\n"
"\teret\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while using\n"
" * SPx. It saves volatile registers, calls the Rust handler, restores volatile\n"
" * registers, then returns.\n"
" *\n"
" * This also works for exceptions taken from EL0, if we don't care about\n"
" * non-volatile registers.\n"
" *\n"
" * Saving state and jumping to the Rust handler takes 15 instructions, and\n"
" * restoring and returning also takes 15 instructions, so we can fit the whole\n"
" * handler in 30 instructions, under the limit of 32.\n"
" */\n"
".macro current_exception_spx handler:req\n"
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
"\tbl \\handler\n"
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
"\teret\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
".section .text.vector_table_el1, \"ax\"\n"
".global vector_table_el1\n"
".balign 0x800\n"
"vector_table_el1:\n"
"sync_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 sync_exception_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 irq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 fiq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 serr_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"sync_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_exception_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"sync_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"sync_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:753
#, fuzzy
msgid "`idmap.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`idmap.S` (vous ne devriez pas avoir besoin de le modifier) :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:755
#, fuzzy
msgid "<!-- File idmap.S -->"
msgstr "<!-- Fichier idmap.S -->"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:757
msgid ""
"```armasm\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
".set .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK, 0x1\n"
".set .L_TT_TYPE_PAGE,  0x3\n"
".set .L_TT_TYPE_TABLE, 0x3\n"
"\n"
"/* Access flag. */\n"
".set .L_TT_AF, 0x1 << 10\n"
"/* Not global. */\n"
".set .L_TT_NG, 0x1 << 11\n"
".set .L_TT_XN, 0x3 << 53\n"
"\n"
".set .L_TT_MT_DEV, 0x0 << 2\t\t\t// MAIR #0 (DEV_nGnRE)\n"
".set .L_TT_MT_MEM, (0x1 << 2) | (0x3 << 8)\t// MAIR #1 (MEM_WBWA), inner shareable\n"
"\n"
".set .L_BLOCK_DEV, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_DEV | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_XN\n"
".set .L_BLOCK_MEM, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_MEM | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_NG\n"
"\n"
".section \".rodata.idmap\", \"a\", %progbits\n"
".global idmap\n"
".align 12\n"
"idmap:\n"
"\t/* level 1 */\n"
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x0\t\t    // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_MEM | 0x40000000\t// 1 GiB of DRAM\n"
"\t.fill\t\t254, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 254 GiB of unmapped VA space\n"
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x4000000000 // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
"\t.fill\t\t255, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 255 GiB of remaining VA space\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:802
#, fuzzy
msgid "`image.ld` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`image.ld` (vous ne devriez pas avoir besoin de le modifier) :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:804
#, fuzzy
msgid "<!-- File image.ld -->"
msgstr "<!-- Fichier image.ld -->"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:806
msgid ""
"```ld\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
"/*\n"
" * Code will start running at this symbol which is placed at the start of the\n"
" * image.\n"
" */\n"
"ENTRY(entry)\n"
"\n"
"MEMORY\n"
"{\n"
"\timage : ORIGIN = 0x40080000, LENGTH = 2M\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"SECTIONS\n"
"{\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Collect together the code.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t.init : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\ttext_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.init.entry)\n"
"\t\t*(.init.*)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\t.text : {\n"
"\t\t*(.text.*)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\ttext_end = .;\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Collect together read-only data.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t.rodata : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\trodata_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.rodata.*)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\t.got : {\n"
"\t\t*(.got)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\trodata_end = .;\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Collect together the read-write data including .bss at the end which\n"
"\t * will be zero'd by the entry code.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t.data : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\tdata_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.data.*)\n"
"\t\t/*\n"
"\t\t * The entry point code assumes that .data is a multiple of 32\n"
"\t\t * bytes long.\n"
"\t\t */\n"
"\t\t. = ALIGN(32);\n"
"\t\tdata_end = .;\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Everything beyond this point will not be included in the binary. */\n"
"\tbin_end = .;\n"
"\n"
"\t/* The entry point code assumes that .bss is 16-byte aligned. */\n"
"\t.bss : ALIGN(16)  {\n"
"\t\tbss_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.bss.*)\n"
"\t\t*(COMMON)\n"
"\t\t. = ALIGN(16);\n"
"\t\tbss_end = .;\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\n"
"\t.stack (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\tboot_stack_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t. += 40 * 4096;\n"
"\t\t. = ALIGN(4096);\n"
"\t\tboot_stack_end = .;\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\n"
"\t. = ALIGN(4K);\n"
"\tPROVIDE(dma_region = .);\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Remove unused sections from the image.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t/DISCARD/ : {\n"
"\t\t/* The image loads itself so doesn't need these sections. */\n"
"\t\t*(.gnu.hash)\n"
"\t\t*(.hash)\n"
"\t\t*(.interp)\n"
"\t\t*(.eh_frame_hdr)\n"
"\t\t*(.eh_frame)\n"
"\t\t*(.note.gnu.build-id)\n"
"\t}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:913
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Makefile` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`Makefile` (vous ne devriez pas avoir besoin de le modifier) :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:915
#, fuzzy
msgid "<!-- File Makefile -->"
msgstr "<!-- Fichier Makefile -->"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:917
msgid ""
"```makefile\n"
"# Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"#\n"
"# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"#\n"
"#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"#\n"
"# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"# limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"UNAME := $(shell uname -s)\n"
"ifeq ($(UNAME),Linux)\n"
"\tTARGET = aarch64-linux-gnu\n"
"else\n"
"\tTARGET = aarch64-none-elf\n"
"endif\n"
"OBJCOPY = $(TARGET)-objcopy\n"
"\n"
".PHONY: build qemu_minimal qemu qemu_logger\n"
"\n"
"all: rtc.bin\n"
"\n"
"build:\n"
"\tcargo build\n"
"\n"
"rtc.bin: build\n"
"\t$(OBJCOPY) -O binary target/aarch64-unknown-none/debug/rtc $@\n"
"\n"
"qemu: rtc.bin\n"
"\tqemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt -cpu max -serial mon:stdio -display none -kernel $< -s\n"
"\n"
"clean:\n"
"\tcargo clean\n"
"\trm -f *.bin\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:962
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[build]\n"
"target = \"aarch64-unknown-none\"\n"
"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Timage.ld\"]\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:968
#, fuzzy
msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`."
msgstr "Exécutez le code dans QEMU avec `make qemu`."

#: src/exercises/solutions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Solutions"
msgstr "# Solutions"

#: src/exercises/solutions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages."
msgstr "Vous trouverez les solutions aux exercices dans les pages suivantes."

#: src/exercises/solutions.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on\n"
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us know\n"
"if you have a different or better solution than what is presented here."
msgstr ""
"N'hésitez pas à poser des questions sur les solutions [sur\n"
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Faites le nous savoir\n"
"si vous avez une solution différente ou meilleure que celle présentée ici."

#: src/exercises/solutions.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"> **Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label`\n"
"> comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to\n"
"> re-use parts of the solutions as the exercises."
msgstr ""
"> **Remarque :** Veuillez ignorer `// ANCHOR : libellé` et `// ANCHOR_END : libellé`\n"
"> commentaires que vous voyez dans les solutions. Ils sont là pour permettre de\n"
"> réutiliser des parties des solutions comme exercices."

#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 1 Morning Exercises"
msgstr "# Exercices du matin du jour 1"

#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Arrays and `for` Loops"
msgstr "## Tableaux et boucles `for`"

#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))"
msgstr "([retour à l'exercice](for-loops.md))"

#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: transpose\n"
"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n"
"    let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n"
"    for i in 0..3 {\n"
"        for j in 0..3 {\n"
"            result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"    return result;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n"
"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n"
"    for row in matrix {\n"
"        println!(\"{row:?}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: tests\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_transpose() {\n"
"    let matrix = [\n"
"        [101, 102, 103], //\n"
"        [201, 202, 203],\n"
"        [301, 302, 303],\n"
"    ];\n"
"    let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
"    assert_eq!(\n"
"        transposed,\n"
"        [\n"
"            [101, 201, 301], //\n"
"            [102, 202, 302],\n"
"            [103, 203, 303],\n"
"        ]\n"
"    );\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: tests\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let matrix = [\n"
"        [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
"        [201, 202, 203],\n"
"        [301, 302, 303],\n"
"    ];\n"
"\n"
"    println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
"    pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
"\n"
"    let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
"    println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
"    pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:78
#, fuzzy
msgid "### Bonus question"
msgstr "### Question bonus"

#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:80
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a slice-of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus make our "
"function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks down: the return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the data you "
"return."
msgstr ""
"Cela nécessite des concepts plus avancés. Il pourrait sembler que nous pourrions utiliser une tranche de tranches (`&[&[i32]]`) comme type d'entrée "
"à transposer et ainsi faire en sorte que notre fonction gère n'importe quelle taille de matrice. Cependant, cela tombe rapidement en panne : le type "
"de retour ne peut pas être `&[&[i32]]` car il doit posséder les données que vous renvoyez."

#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:82
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can attempt to use something like `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, but this doesn't work out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec<Vec<i32>>` to "
"`&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either."
msgstr ""
"Vous pouvez essayer d'utiliser quelque chose comme `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, mais cela ne fonctionne pas non plus : il est difficile de convertir "
"`Vec<Vec<i32>>` en `&[ &[i32]]` vous ne pouvez donc plus utiliser facilement `pretty_print` non plus."

#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:84
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::convert::AsRef`][1] trait to abstract over anything that can be referenced as a "
"slice."
msgstr ""
"Une fois arrivés aux traits et aux génériques, nous pourrons utiliser le trait [`std::convert::AsRef`][1] pour faire abstraction de tout ce qui peut "
"être référencé en tant que tranche."

#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:86
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"use std::convert::AsRef;\n"
"use std::fmt::Debug;\n"
"\n"
"fn pretty_print<T, Line, Matrix>(matrix: Matrix)\n"
"where\n"
"    T: Debug,\n"
"    // A line references a slice of items\n"
"    Line: AsRef<[T]>,\n"
"    // A matrix references a slice of lines\n"
"    Matrix: AsRef<[Line]>\n"
"{\n"
"    for row in matrix.as_ref() {\n"
"        println!(\"{:?}\", row.as_ref());\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    // &[&[i32]]\n"
"    pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n"
"    // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n"
"    pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n"
"    // Vec<Vec<i32>>\n"
"    pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:113
#, fuzzy
msgid "In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are of the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix."
msgstr ""
"De plus, le type lui-même n'imposerait pas que les tranches enfants aient la même longueur, de sorte qu'une telle variable pourrait contenir une "
"matrice non valide."

#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 1 Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "# Exercices de l'après-midi du jour 1"

#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Designing a Library"
msgstr "## Conception d'une bibliothèque"

#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))"
msgstr "([retour à l'exercice](book-library.md))"

#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
"struct Library {\n"
"    books: Vec<Book>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Book {\n"
"    title: String,\n"
"    year: u16,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Book {\n"
"    // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
"    fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
"        Book {\n"
"            title: String::from(title),\n"
"            year,\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n"
"impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n"
"    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n"
"        write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Library_new\n"
"impl Library {\n"
"    fn new() -> Library {\n"
"        // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n"
"        Library { books: Vec::new() }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    // ANCHOR: Library_len\n"
"    //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
"    //    unimplemented!()\n"
"    //}\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n"
"    fn len(&self) -> usize {\n"
"        self.books.len()\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n"
"    //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
"    //    unimplemented!()\n"
"    //}\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n"
"    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
"        self.books.is_empty()\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n"
"    //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
"    //    unimplemented!()\n"
"    //}\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n"
"    fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n"
"        self.books.push(book)\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n"
"    //fn print_books(self) {\n"
"    //    unimplemented!()\n"
"    //}\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n"
"    fn print_books(&self) {\n"
"        for book in &self.books {\n"
"            println!(\"{}\", book);\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n"
"    //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
"    //    unimplemented!()\n"
"    //}\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n"
"    fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
"        self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let library = Library::new();\n"
"\n"
"    //println!(\"Our library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n"
"\n"
"    let favorite_book = Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954);\n"
"    println!(\"Our favorite book {favorite_book} should go in the library\");\n"
"    //library.add_book(favorite_book);\n"
"    //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
"    //\n"
"    //library.print_books();\n"
"    //\n"
"    //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
"    //    Some(book) => println!(\"My oldest book is {book}\"),\n"
"    //    None => println!(\"My library is empty!\"),\n"
"    //}\n"
"    //\n"
"    //println!(\"Our library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
"    for book in library.books {\n"
"        println!(\"{book}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_library_len() {\n"
"    let mut library = Library::new();\n"
"    assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n"
"    assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
"\n"
"    library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
"    library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
"    assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n"
"    assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_library_is_empty() {\n"
"    let mut library = Library::new();\n"
"    assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
"\n"
"    library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
"    assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_library_print_books() {\n"
"    let mut library = Library::new();\n"
"    library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
"    library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
"    // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n"
"    // method to start with.\n"
"    library.print_books();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n"
"    let mut library = Library::new();\n"
"    assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());\n"
"\n"
"    library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
"    assert_eq!(\n"
"        library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
"        Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n"
"    );\n"
"\n"
"    library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
"    assert_eq!(\n"
"        library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
"        Some(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\")\n"
"    );\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 2 Morning Exercises"
msgstr "# Exercices du matin du jour 2"

#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Points and Polygons"
msgstr "## Points et polygones"

#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))"
msgstr "([retour à l'exercice](points-polygones.md))"

#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
"// ANCHOR: Point\n"
"pub struct Point {\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: Point\n"
"    x: i32,\n"
"    y: i32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n"
"impl Point {\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n"
"    pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n"
"        Point { x, y }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n"
"        f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n"
"        (self - other).magnitude()\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
"    type Output = Self;\n"
"\n"
"    fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
"        Self {\n"
"            x: self.x + other.x,\n"
"            y: self.y + other.y,\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n"
"    type Output = Self;\n"
"\n"
"    fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
"        Self {\n"
"            x: self.x - other.x,\n"
"            y: self.y - other.y,\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Polygon\n"
"pub struct Polygon {\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n"
"    points: Vec<Point>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n"
"impl Polygon {\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n"
"    pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n"
"        Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n"
"        self.points.push(point);\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option<Point> {\n"
"        self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Point> {\n"
"        self.points.iter()\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n"
"        if self.points.is_empty() {\n"
"            return 0.0;\n"
"        }\n"
"\n"
"        let mut result = 0.0;\n"
"        let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n"
"        for point in &self.points[1..] {\n"
"            result += last_point.dist(*point);\n"
"            last_point = *point;\n"
"        }\n"
"        result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n"
"        result\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Circle\n"
"pub struct Circle {\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n"
"    center: Point,\n"
"    radius: i32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n"
"impl Circle {\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n"
"    pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n"
"        Circle { center, radius }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n"
"        2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n"
"        self.center.dist(other.center)\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Shape\n"
"pub enum Shape {\n"
"    Polygon(Polygon),\n"
"    Circle(Circle),\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: Shape\n"
"\n"
"impl From<Polygon> for Shape {\n"
"    fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n"
"        Shape::Polygon(poly)\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl From<Circle> for Shape {\n"
"    fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n"
"        Shape::Circle(circle)\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Shape {\n"
"    pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n"
"        match self {\n"
"            Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n"
"            Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
"mod tests {\n"
"    use super::*;\n"
"\n"
"    fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
"        (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    #[test]\n"
"    fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
"        let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
"        assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    #[test]\n"
"    fn test_point_dist() {\n"
"        let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
"        let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
"        assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    #[test]\n"
"    fn test_point_add() {\n"
"        let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
"        let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
"        assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    #[test]\n"
"    fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
"        let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
"        let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
"\n"
"        let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
"        poly.add_point(p1);\n"
"        poly.add_point(p2);\n"
"        assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    #[test]\n"
"    fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
"        let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
"        let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
"\n"
"        let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
"        poly.add_point(p1);\n"
"        poly.add_point(p2);\n"
"\n"
"        let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
"        assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    #[test]\n"
"    fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
"        let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
"        poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
"        poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
"        poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
"        let shapes = vec![\n"
"            Shape::from(poly),\n"
"            Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
"        ];\n"
"        let perimeters = shapes\n"
"            .iter()\n"
"            .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
"            .map(round_two_digits)\n"
"            .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
"        assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 2 Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "# Exercices de l'après-midi du jour 2"

#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Luhn Algorithm"
msgstr "## Algorithme de Luhn"

#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))"
msgstr "([retour à l'exercice](luhn.md))"

#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: luhn\n"
"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n"
"    let mut digits_seen = 0;\n"
"    let mut sum = 0;\n"
"    for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ').enumerate() {\n"
"        match ch.to_digit(10) {\n"
"            Some(d) => {\n"
"                sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n"
"                    let dd = d * 2;\n"
"                    dd / 10 + dd % 10\n"
"                } else {\n"
"                    d\n"
"                };\n"
"                digits_seen += 1;\n"
"            }\n"
"            None => return false,\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    if digits_seen < 2 {\n"
"        return false;\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    sum % 10 == 0\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n"
"    println!(\n"
"        \"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n"
"        if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n"
"    );\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"  \"));\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"    \"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
"    assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
"    assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
"    assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
"    assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
"    assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:97
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Strings and Iterators"
msgstr "## Chaînes et itérateurs"

#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:99
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))"
msgstr "([retour à l'exercice](strings-iterators.md))"

#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:101
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n"
"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n"
"    let prefixes = prefix.split('/');\n"
"    let request_paths = request_path\n"
"        .split('/')\n"
"        .map(|p| Some(p))\n"
"        .chain(std::iter::once(None));\n"
"\n"
"    for (prefix, request_path) in prefixes.zip(request_paths) {\n"
"        match request_path {\n"
"            Some(request_path) => {\n"
"                if (prefix != \"*\") && (prefix != request_path) {\n"
"                    return false;\n"
"                }\n"
"            }\n"
"            None => return false,\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"    true\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
"    assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
"    assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n"
"    assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));\n"
"\n"
"    assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
"    assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n"
"    assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/publishers\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
"    assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
"    ));\n"
"    assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
"    ));\n"
"    assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
"    ));\n"
"\n"
"    assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
"    assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
"        \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
"    ));\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 3 Morning Exercise"
msgstr "# Jour 3 Exercice du matin"

#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## A Simple GUI Library"
msgstr "## Une bibliothèque d'interface graphique simple"

#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))"
msgstr "([retour à l'exercice](simple-gui.md))"

#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
"pub trait Widget {\n"
"    /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
"    fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
"\n"
"    /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
"    fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
"\n"
"    /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
"    fn draw(&self) {\n"
"        let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
"        self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
"        println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Label {\n"
"    label: String,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Label {\n"
"    fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
"        Label {\n"
"            label: label.to_owned(),\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Button {\n"
"    label: Label,\n"
"    callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Button {\n"
"    fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
"        Button {\n"
"            label: Label::new(label),\n"
"            callback,\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Window {\n"
"    title: String,\n"
"    widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Window {\n"
"    fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
"        Window {\n"
"            title: title.to_owned(),\n"
"            widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
"        self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Window-width\n"
"impl Widget for Window {\n"
"    fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
"        // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n"
"        std::cmp::max(\n"
"            self.title.chars().count(),\n"
"            self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
"        )\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n"
"    fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
"        // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n"
"        let mut inner = String::new();\n"
"        for widget in &self.widgets {\n"
"            widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n"
"        }\n"
"\n"
"        let window_width = self.width();\n"
"\n"
"        // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n"
"        // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n"
"        // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
"        writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<window_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
"        writeln!(buffer, \"| {:^window_width$} |\", &self.title).unwrap();\n"
"        writeln!(buffer, \"+={:=<window_width$}=+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
"        for line in inner.lines() {\n"
"            writeln!(buffer, \"| {:window_width$} |\", line).unwrap();\n"
"        }\n"
"        writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<window_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Button-width\n"
"impl Widget for Button {\n"
"    fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
"        // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n"
"        self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n"
"    fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
"        // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n"
"        let width = self.width();\n"
"        let mut label = String::new();\n"
"        self.label.draw_into(&mut label);\n"
"\n"
"        writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
"        for line in label.lines() {\n"
"            writeln!(buffer, \"|{:^width$}|\", &line).unwrap();\n"
"        }\n"
"        writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Label-width\n"
"impl Widget for Label {\n"
"    fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
"        // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n"
"        self.label\n"
"            .lines()\n"
"            .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n"
"            .max()\n"
"            .unwrap_or(0)\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n"
"    fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
"        // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n"
"        writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
"    window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo.\")));\n"
"    window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
"        \"Click me!\",\n"
"        Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
"    )));\n"
"    window.draw();\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 3 Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "# Exercices de l'après-midi du jour 3"

#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Safe FFI Wrapper"
msgstr "## Enveloppe FFI sécurisée"

#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
msgstr "([retour à l'exercice](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"

#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: ffi\n"
"mod ffi {\n"
"    use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};\n"
"\n"
"    // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
"    #[repr(C)]\n"
"    pub struct DIR {\n"
"        _data: [u8; 0],\n"
"        _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::PhantomPinned)>,\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    // Layout as per readdir(3) and definitions in /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu.\n"
"    #[repr(C)]\n"
"    pub struct dirent {\n"
"        pub d_ino: c_long,\n"
"        pub d_off: c_ulong,\n"
"        pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
"        pub d_type: c_char,\n"
"        pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    extern \"C\" {\n"
"        pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
"        pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
"        pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
"    path: CString,\n"
"    dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: ffi\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n"
"impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
"    fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
"        // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
"        // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
"        // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n"
"        let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid path: {err}\"))?;\n"
"        // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n"
"        let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n"
"        if dir.is_null() {\n"
"            Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n"
"        } else {\n"
"            Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Iterator\n"
"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
"    type Item = OsString;\n"
"    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
"        // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
"        // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n"
"        // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n"
"        let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n"
"        if dirent.is_null() {\n"
"            // We have reached the end of the directory.\n"
"            return None;\n"
"        }\n"
"        // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n"
"        // terminated.\n"
"        let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n"
"        let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n"
"        Some(os_str.to_owned())\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Drop\n"
"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
"    fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
"        // Call closedir as needed.\n"
"        // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n"
"        if !self.dir.is_null() {\n"
"            // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n"
"            if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n"
"                panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n"
"            }\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
"    let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
"    println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
"    Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 4 Morning Exercise"
msgstr "# Jour 4 Exercice du matin"

#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Dining Philosophers"
msgstr "## Philosophes de la restauration"

#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))"
msgstr "([retour à l'exercice](dining-philosophers.md))"

#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n"
"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"struct Fork;\n"
"\n"
"struct Philosopher {\n"
"    name: String,\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n"
"    left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
"    right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
"    thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n"
"impl Philosopher {\n"
"    fn think(&self) {\n"
"        self.thoughts\n"
"            .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
"            .unwrap();\n"
"    }\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n"
"\n"
"    // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n"
"    fn eat(&self) {\n"
"        // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n"
"        println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n"
"        let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
"        let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"        // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
"        println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
"        thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
"    &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
"    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);\n"
"\n"
"    let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n"
"        .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n"
"        .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
"\n"
"    for i in 0..forks.len() {\n"
"        let tx = tx.clone();\n"
"        let mut left_fork = forks[i].clone();\n"
"        let mut right_fork = forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()].clone();\n"
"\n"
"        // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
"        // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
"        // either of them.\n"
"        if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n"
"            std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n"
"        }\n"
"\n"
"        let philosopher = Philosopher {\n"
"            name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n"
"            thoughts: tx,\n"
"            left_fork,\n"
"            right_fork,\n"
"        };\n"
"\n"
"        thread::spawn(move || {\n"
"            for _ in 0..100 {\n"
"                philosopher.eat();\n"
"                philosopher.think();\n"
"            }\n"
"        });\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    drop(tx);\n"
"    for thought in rx {\n"
"        println!(\"{thought}\");\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise"
msgstr "# Exercice du matin sur la rouille du métal nu"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Compass"
msgstr "## Boussole"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))"
msgstr "([retour à l'exercice](compass.md))"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: top\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: top\n"
"use core::cmp::{max, min};\n"
"use lsm303agr::{AccelOutputDataRate, Lsm303agr, MagOutputDataRate};\n"
"use microbit::{\n"
"    display::blocking::Display,\n"
"    hal::{\n"
"        prelude::*,\n"
"        twim::Twim,\n"
"        uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte},\n"
"        Timer,\n"
"    },\n"
"    pac::twim0::frequency::FREQUENCY_A,\n"
"    Board,\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"const COMPASS_SCALE: i32 = 30000;\n"
"const ACCELEROMETER_SCALE: i32 = 700;\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
"    let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    // Configure serial port.\n"
"    let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
"        board.UARTE0,\n"
"        board.uart.into(),\n"
"        Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
"        Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
"    );\n"
"\n"
"    // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"    writeln!(serial, \"Setting up IMU...\").unwrap();\n"
"    let i2c = Twim::new(board.TWIM0, board.i2c_internal.into(), FREQUENCY_A::K100);\n"
"    let mut imu = Lsm303agr::new_with_i2c(i2c);\n"
"    imu.init().unwrap();\n"
"    imu.set_mag_odr(MagOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
"    imu.set_accel_odr(AccelOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
"    let mut imu = imu.into_mag_continuous().ok().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    // Set up display and timer.\n"
"    let mut timer = Timer::new(board.TIMER0);\n"
"    let mut display = Display::new(board.display_pins);\n"
"\n"
"    let mut mode = Mode::Compass;\n"
"    let mut button_pressed = false;\n"
"\n"
"    // ANCHOR: loop\n"
"    writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    loop {\n"
"        // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
"        // ANCHOR_END: loop\n"
"        while !(imu.mag_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data\n"
"            && imu.accel_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data)\n"
"        {}\n"
"        let compass_reading = imu.mag_data().unwrap();\n"
"        let accelerometer_reading = imu.accel_data().unwrap();\n"
"        writeln!(\n"
"            serial,\n"
"            \"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\",\n"
"            compass_reading.x,\n"
"            compass_reading.y,\n"
"            compass_reading.z,\n"
"            accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
"            accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
"            accelerometer_reading.z,\n"
"        )\n"
"        .unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"        let mut image = [[0; 5]; 5];\n"
"        let (x, y) = match mode {\n"
"            Mode::Compass => (\n"
"                scale(-compass_reading.x, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, 4) as usize,\n"
"                scale(compass_reading.y, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, 4) as usize,\n"
"            ),\n"
"            Mode::Accelerometer => (\n"
"                scale(\n"
"                    accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
"                    -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
"                    ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
"                    0,\n"
"                    4,\n"
"                ) as usize,\n"
"                scale(\n"
"                    -accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
"                    -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
"                    ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
"                    0,\n"
"                    4,\n"
"                ) as usize,\n"
"            ),\n"
"        };\n"
"        image[y][x] = 255;\n"
"        display.show(&mut timer, image, 100);\n"
"\n"
"        // If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink all LEDs on.\n"
"        if board.buttons.button_a.is_low().unwrap() {\n"
"            if !button_pressed {\n"
"                mode = mode.next();\n"
"                display.show(&mut timer, [[255; 5]; 5], 200);\n"
"            }\n"
"            button_pressed = true;\n"
"        } else {\n"
"            button_pressed = false;\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
"enum Mode {\n"
"    Compass,\n"
"    Accelerometer,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Mode {\n"
"    fn next(self) -> Self {\n"
"        match self {\n"
"            Self::Compass => Self::Accelerometer,\n"
"            Self::Accelerometer => Self::Compass,\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn scale(value: i32, min_in: i32, max_in: i32, min_out: i32, max_out: i32) -> i32 {\n"
"    let range_in = max_in - min_in;\n"
"    let range_out = max_out - min_out;\n"
"    cap(\n"
"        min_out + range_out * (value - min_in) / range_in,\n"
"        min_out,\n"
"        max_out,\n"
"    )\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn cap(value: i32, min_value: i32, max_value: i32) -> i32 {\n"
"    max(min_value, min(value, max_value))\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Bare Metal Rust Afternoon"
msgstr "# Bare Metal Rust Après-midi"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## RTC driver"
msgstr "## Pilote RTC"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))"
msgstr "([retour à l'exercice](rtc.md))"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "`main.rs`:"
msgstr "`main.rs` :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:9
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: top\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"mod logger;\n"
"mod pl011;\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: top\n"
"mod pl031;\n"
"\n"
"use crate::pl031::Rtc;\n"
"use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};\n"
"// ANCHOR: imports\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n"
"use psci::system_off;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
"pub const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: imports\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n"
"pub const PL031_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x901_0000 as _;\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
"    // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n"
"    // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
"    let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
"    logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
"\n"
"    info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
"    // ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"\n"
"    // Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 device,\n"
"    // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
"    let rtc = unsafe { Rtc::new(PL031_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
"    let time = Utc.timestamp_opt(rtc.read().into(), 0).unwrap();\n"
"    info!(\"RTC: {time}\");\n"
"\n"
"    // ANCHOR: main_end\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[panic_handler]\n"
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
"    error!(\"{info}\");\n"
"    system_off().unwrap();\n"
"    loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: main_end\n"
"```"
msgstr ""

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:79
#, fuzzy
msgid "`pl031.rs`:"
msgstr "`pl031.rs` :"

#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:81
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"use core::ptr::addr_of;\n"
"\n"
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
"struct Registers {\n"
"    /// Data register\n"
"    dr: u32,\n"
"    /// Match register\n"
"    mr: u32,\n"
"    /// Load register\n"
"    lr: u32,\n"
"    /// Control register\n"
"    cr: u8,\n"
"    _reserved0: [u8; 3],\n"
"    /// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n"
"    imsc: u8,\n"
"    _reserved1: [u8; 3],\n"
"    /// Raw Interrupt Status\n"
"    ris: u8,\n"
"    _reserved2: [u8; 3],\n"
"    /// Masked Interrupt Status\n"
"    mis: u8,\n"
"    _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
"    /// Interrupt Clear Register\n"
"    icr: u8,\n"
"    _reserved4: [u8; 3],\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"pub struct Rtc {\n"
"    registers: *mut Registers,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Rtc {\n"
"    /// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at the\n"
"    /// given base address.\n"
"    ///\n"
"    /// # Safety\n"
"    ///\n"
"    /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of a\n"
"    /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the process\n"
"    /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
"    pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
"        Self {\n"
"            registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    /// Reads the current RTC value.\n"
"    pub fn read(&self) -> u32 {\n"
"        unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
"// accessed from any context.\n"
"unsafe impl Send for Rtc {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""