msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust đŸĻ€\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-03T20:37:57+05:30\n" "PO-Revision-Date: \n" "Last-Translator: Abhik Banerjee \n" "Language-Team: abhik-99, noob_rasel\n" "Language: bn\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n==0 || n==1);\n" "X-Generator: Poedit 3.4.2\n" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/index.md msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust đŸĻ€" msgstr "Comprehensive Rust đŸĻ€ āĻ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course.md msgid "Running the Course" msgstr "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Course Structure" msgstr "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ āĻāĻ° āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts" msgstr "āĻ•āĻŋāĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻ•āĻžāĻŸ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "Translations" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/cargo.md msgid "Using Cargo" msgstr "Cargo āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Rust Ecosystem" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ‡āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Code Samples" msgstr "āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ¨āĻŽā§āĻ¨āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Running Cargo Locally" msgstr "Cargo Locally āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Day 1: Morning" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Welcome" msgstr "āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world.md src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "Hello, World" msgstr "āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻĄ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "What is Rust?" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻŋ?" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "Benefits of Rust" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world/playground.md msgid "Playground" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values.md msgid "Types and Values" msgstr "āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/variables.md msgid "Variables" msgstr "āĻ­ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "Values" msgstr "āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md msgid "Arithmetic" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ™ā§āĻ•āĻļāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "Strings" msgstr "Strings" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/inference.md msgid "Type Inference" msgstr "āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Fibonacci" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻĢāĻŋāĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻšāĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/solution.md #: src/control-flow-basics/solution.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md #: src/references/solution.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md #: src/pattern-matching/solution.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md #: src/generics/solution.md src/std-types/solution.md #: src/std-traits/solution.md src/memory-management/solution.md #: src/smart-pointers/solution.md src/borrowing/solution.md #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md src/iterators/solution.md #: src/modules/solution.md src/testing/solution.md #: src/error-handling/solution.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "Solution" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics.md msgid "Control Flow Basics" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻš āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "`if` Expressions" msgstr "if āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/loops.md msgid "Loops" msgstr "āĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¸" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/loops/for.md msgid "`for`" msgstr "`for`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/loops/loop.md msgid "`loop`" msgstr "`loop`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md msgid "`break` and `continue`" msgstr "`break` āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ `continue`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/break-continue/labels.md msgid "Labels" msgstr "āĻ˛ā§‡āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md msgid "Blocks and Scopes" msgstr "āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‹āĻĒ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md msgid "Scopes and Shadowing" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/functions.md msgid "Functions" msgstr "āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/macros.md msgid "Macros" msgstr "āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Collatz Sequence" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻœ āĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Day 1: Afternoon" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "Tuples and Arrays" msgstr "āĻŸāĻŋāĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md msgid "Array Iteration" msgstr "āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md msgid "Patterns and Destructuring" msgstr "āĻĸāĻ•-āĻ āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Nested Arrays" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻĄ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/references.md msgid "References" msgstr "āĻ°ā§‡āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/references/shared.md msgid "Shared References" msgstr "āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ°ā§‡āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/references/exclusive.md msgid "Exclusive References" msgstr "āĻāĻ•āĻšā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ°ā§‡āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/references/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Geometry" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻœā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types.md msgid "User-Defined Types" msgstr "āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md msgid "Named Structs" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ Structs (āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨)" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md msgid "Tuple Structs" msgstr "Tuple Structs" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/enums.md #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "Enums" msgstr "Enums" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "Static and Const" msgstr "Static āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Const" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/aliases.md msgid "Type Aliases" msgstr "āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Elevator Events" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻ˛āĻŋāĻĢāĻŸ āĻāĻ° āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨āĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ā§€" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Day 2: Morning" msgstr "āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/pattern-matching.md msgid "Pattern Matching" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "Matching Values" msgstr "āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŽā§‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "Destructuring" msgstr "āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "Let Control Flow" msgstr "Let āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻš āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/pattern-matching/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Expression Evaluation" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits.md msgid "Methods and Traits" msgstr "āĻŽā§‡āĻĨāĻĄ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŸ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "Methods" msgstr "āĻŽā§‡āĻĨāĻĄāĻ¸" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/traits.md msgid "Traits" msgstr "āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŸ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Implmementing Traits" msgstr "āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŸ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/traits/associated-types.md msgid "Associated Types" msgstr "āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md msgid "Deriving" msgstr "āĻ†āĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Generic Logger" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics.md msgid "Generics" msgstr "āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻ¸" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/generic-functions.md msgid "Generic Functions" msgstr "āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/generic-data.md msgid "Generic Data Types" msgstr "āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ• āĻĄā§‡āĻŸāĻž āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/trait-bounds.md msgid "Trait Bounds" msgstr "āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŸ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/impl-trait.md msgid "`impl Trait`" msgstr "`impl Trait`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Generic `min`" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ• `min`" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Day 2: Afternoon" msgstr "āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types.md msgid "Standard Library Types" msgstr "āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ° āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/std.md msgid "Standard Library" msgstr "āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/docs.md msgid "Documentation" msgstr "āĻĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "`Option`" msgstr "`Option`" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "`Result`" msgstr "`Result`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "`String`" msgstr "`String`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/vec.md msgid "`Vec`" msgstr "`Vec`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/hashmap.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`HashMap`" msgstr "`HashMap`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Counter" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨: āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžā§ŸāĻ•" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits.md msgid "Standard Library Traits" msgstr "āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ° āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŸ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/comparisons.md src/async.md msgid "Comparisons" msgstr "āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/operators.md msgid "Operators" msgstr "āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻ•" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/from-and-into.md msgid "`From` and `Into`" msgstr "`From` āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ `Into`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/casting.md msgid "Casting" msgstr "āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻĒāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/read-and-write.md msgid "`Read` and `Write`" msgstr "`Read` āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ `Write`" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "`Default`, struct update syntax" msgstr "`Default`, āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "Closures" msgstr "āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻœāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¸ (Closures)" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: ROT13" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻ°ā§‹.āĻ“.t ā§§ā§Š (ROT 13)" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Day 3: Morning" msgstr "āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management.md msgid "Memory Management" msgstr "āĻŽā§‡āĻŽā§‹āĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Review of Program Memory" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° (Memory) āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "Approaches to Memory Management" msgstr "āĻŽā§‡āĻŽāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/ownership.md msgid "Ownership" msgstr "āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/move.md msgid "Move Semantics" msgstr "āĻŽā§āĻ­ āĻāĻ° āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "`Clone`" msgstr "`Clone`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "Copy Types" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "`Drop`" msgstr "`Drop`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Builder Type" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers.md msgid "Smart Pointers" msgstr "āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ (āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŸ āĻĒā§Ÿā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°)" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers/box.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "`Box`" msgstr "`Box`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers/rc.md msgid "`Rc`" msgstr "`Rc`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "Trait Objects" msgstr "Trait Objects" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Binary Tree" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¤āĻ°ā§‚" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Day 3: Afternoon" msgstr "āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing.md msgid "Borrowing" msgstr "āĻ§āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing/shared.md msgid "Borrowing a Value" msgstr "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "Borrow Checking" msgstr "āĻ§āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md msgid "Interior Mutability" msgstr "āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻƒāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Health Statistics" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/slices-and-lifetimes.md msgid "Slices and Lifetimes" msgstr "āĻŸā§āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Slices: `&[T]`" msgstr "āĻŸā§āĻ•āĻ°āĻž: `&[T]`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "String References" msgstr "āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ°ā§‡āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md msgid "Lifetime Annotations" msgstr "āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŸā§€āĻ•āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Lifetime Elision" msgstr "āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ˛ā§‡āĻžāĻĒ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Struct Lifetimes" msgstr "āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Protobuf Parsing" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻŸā§‹āĻŦāĻžāĻĢ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Day 4: Morning" msgstr "āĻšāĻĨā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨: āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators.md msgid "Iterators" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators/iterator.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Iterator`" msgstr "`Iterator`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators/intoiterator.md msgid "`IntoIterator`" msgstr "`IntoIterator`" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "`FromIterator`" msgstr "`FromIterator`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Iterator Method Chaining" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules.md src/modules/modules.md msgid "Modules" msgstr "Modules" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy" msgstr "Filesystem Hierarchy" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules/visibility.md msgid "Visibility" msgstr "āĻĻā§ƒāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "`use`, `super`, `self`" msgstr "`use`, `super`, `self`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Modules for a GUI Library" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻŋ.āĻ‡āĻ‰.āĻ†āĻ‡ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻ‰āĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing.md src/chromium/testing.md msgid "Testing" msgstr "āĻŸā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ‚" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Test Modules" msgstr "āĻŸā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻ‰āĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/other.md msgid "Other Types of Tests" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/useful-crates.md msgid "Useful Crates" msgstr "āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŸāĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/googletest.md msgid "GoogleTest" msgstr "GoogleTest" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/mocking.md msgid "Mocking" msgstr "āĻ‰āĻĒāĻšāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/lints.md msgid "Compiler Lints and Clippy" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ (āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ°) āĻāĻ° āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Luhn Algorithm" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻ—āĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Day 4: Afternoon" msgstr "āĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨: āĻĻā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling.md msgid "Error Handling" msgstr "āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "Panics" msgstr "Panics-āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/try.md msgid "Try Operator" msgstr "Try āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻ•" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "Try Conversions" msgstr "Try āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "`Error` Trait" msgstr "`Error` āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŸ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "`thiserror` and `anyhow`" msgstr "`thiserror` āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ `anyhow`" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Exercise: Rewriting with `Result`" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: `Result` āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust.md src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "Unsafe Rust" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Unsafe" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers" msgstr "āĻ° āĻĒāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻĄāĻŋ-āĻ°ā§‡āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md msgid "Mutable Static Variables" msgstr "āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust/unions.md msgid "Unions" msgstr "Unions" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "Unsafe Functions" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Unsafe Traits" msgstr "āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŸ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Exercise: FFI Wrapper" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻāĻĢ . āĻāĻĢ . āĻ†āĻ‡ āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻ•" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/android.md msgid "Android" msgstr "Android" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/setup.md src/chromium/setup.md msgid "Setup" msgstr "āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻ†āĻĒ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/build-rules.md msgid "Build Rules" msgstr "āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Binary" msgstr "āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Library" msgstr "āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl.md msgid "AIDL" msgstr "AIDL" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/birthday-service.md msgid "Birthday Service Tutorial" msgstr "āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŸāĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸā§‹āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Interface" msgstr "āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĻĢā§‡āĻ¸" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Service API" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ . āĻĒāĻŋ . āĻ†āĻ‡" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Service" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¸" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Server" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻžāĻ°" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/example-service/deploy.md msgid "Deploy" msgstr "āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Client" msgstr "āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md msgid "Changing API" msgstr "API āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Updating Implementations" msgstr "āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "AIDL Types" msgstr "āĻ.āĻ†āĻ‡.āĻĻāĻŋ.āĻāĻ˛ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "Primitive Types" msgstr "āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md msgid "Array Types" msgstr "āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ° āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/types/objects.md msgid "Sending Objects" msgstr "āĻ…āĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md msgid "Parcelables" msgstr "āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¸ (āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ¯āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡)" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "Sending Files" msgstr "āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻĢāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/logging.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md msgid "Logging" msgstr "Logging" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability.md msgid "Interoperability" msgstr "āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻƒāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "With C" msgstr "C āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Calling C with Bindgen" msgstr "Bindgen āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡ C āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Calling Rust from C" msgstr "C āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp.md msgid "With C++" msgstr "C++āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md msgid "The Bridge Module" msgstr "Bridge āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻ‰āĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Rust Bridge" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ Bridge" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md msgid "Generated C++" msgstr "āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž C++ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "C++ Bridge" msgstr "C++ Bridge" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md msgid "Shared Types" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md msgid "Shared Enums" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ (āĻļā§‡ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻ¸)" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md msgid "Rust Error Handling" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md msgid "C++ Error Handling" msgstr "C++ āĻāĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "Additional Types" msgstr "āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Building for Android: C++" msgstr "āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ‡āĻĄ āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹: C++" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Building for Android: Genrules" msgstr "āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ‡āĻĄ āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹: Genrules" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Building for Android: Rust" msgstr "āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ‡āĻĄ āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹: āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "With Java" msgstr "Java āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/android/morning.md #: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md msgid "Exercises" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Chromium" msgstr "Chromium" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "Comparing Chromium and Cargo Ecosystems" msgstr "Chromium āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Cargo āĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Policy" msgstr "āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻĨāĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Unsafe Code" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md msgid "Depending on Rust Code from Chromium C++" msgstr "āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ C++ āĻāĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻāĻ° āĻ“āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md msgid "Visual Studio Code" msgstr "Visual Studio Code" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "Exercise" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md msgid "`rust_gtest_interop` Library" msgstr "`rust_gtest_interop` āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻŦāĻž āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md msgid "GN Rules for Rust Tests" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž-āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻœāĻŋ . āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ā§€" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md msgid "`chromium::import!` Macro" msgstr "`chromium::import!` āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "Interoperability with C++" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻŋ++ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻƒāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md msgid "Example Bindings" msgstr "āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻ‚" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md msgid "Limitations of CXX" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻŋ.āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸.āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md msgid "CXX Error Handling" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻŋ.āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸.āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Error Handling: QR Example" msgstr "āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž: āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‰.āĻ†āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Error Handling: PNG Example" msgstr "āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž: āĻĒāĻŋ.āĻāĻ¨.āĻœāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Using CXX in Chromium" msgstr "āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻ āĻ¸āĻŋ.āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸.āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "Adding Third Party Crates" msgstr "āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻĒāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŸ āĻœā§‹ā§œāĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Configuring Cargo.toml" msgstr "Cargo.toml āĻ¸āĻœā§āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md msgid "Configuring `gnrt_config.toml`" msgstr "`gnrt_config.toml` āĻ¸āĻœā§āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md msgid "Downloading Crates" msgstr "āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŸ āĻĄāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨āĻ˛ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md msgid "Generating `gn` Build Rules" msgstr "`gn` āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ā§€ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "Resolving Problems" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md msgid "Build Scripts Which Generate Code" msgstr "āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽāĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #: src/SUMMARY.md #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md msgid "Build Scripts Which Build C++ or Take Arbitrary Actions" msgstr "āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽāĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš āĻ¯āĻž C++ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ‡āĻšā§āĻ›āĻžāĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡" #: src/SUMMARY.md #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md msgid "Depending on a Crate" msgstr "āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŸ āĻāĻ° āĻ“āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Reviews and Audits" msgstr "āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Checking into Chromium Source Code" msgstr "Chromium āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ āĻĸā§‹āĻ•āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/keeping-up-to-date.md msgid "Keeping Crates Up to Date" msgstr "āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŸāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Bringing It Together - Exercise" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ - āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/chromium/solutions.md msgid "Exercise Solutions" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Bare Metal: Morning" msgstr "Bare Metal: āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`no_std`" msgstr "`no_std`" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "A Minimal Example" msgstr "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‚āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "`alloc`" msgstr "`alloc`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md msgid "Microcontrollers" msgstr "āĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ˛āĻžāĻ°" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md msgid "Raw MMIO" msgstr "āĻ…āĻĒāĻ•ā§āĻŦ āĻāĻŽ . āĻāĻŽ . āĻ†āĻ‡ . āĻ“" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "PACs" msgstr "āĻĒāĻŋ . āĻ . āĻ¸āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "HAL Crates" msgstr "HAL Crates" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Board Support Crates" msgstr "Board Support Crates" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "The Type State Pattern" msgstr "āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "`embedded-hal`" msgstr "`embedded-hal`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "`probe-rs` and `cargo-embed`" msgstr "`probe-rs` āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ `cargo-embed`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md msgid "Debugging" msgstr "āĻĄāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻŋāĻ‚" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Other Projects" msgstr "āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md msgid "Compass" msgstr "āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¸" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Solutions" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Bare Metal: Afternoon" msgstr "āĻŦā§‡ā§ŸāĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ˛: āĻĻā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Application Processors" msgstr "āĻāĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¸āĻ°" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "Getting Ready to Rust" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Inline Assembly" msgstr "Inline Assembly" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "MMIO" msgstr "MMIO" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver" msgstr "āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ UART Driver āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "More Traits" msgstr "āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ Traits" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "A Better UART Driver" msgstr "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻ° UART āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‡āĻ­āĻžāĻ°" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "Bitflags" msgstr "Bitflags" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Multiple Registers" msgstr "āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĻ¸" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "Driver" msgstr "āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‡āĻ­āĻžāĻ°" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Using It" msgstr "āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md msgid "Exceptions" msgstr "āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md msgid "`zerocopy`" msgstr "`zerocopy`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md msgid "`aarch64-paging`" msgstr "`aarch64-paging`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md msgid "`buddy_system_allocator`" msgstr "`buddy_system_allocator`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md msgid "`tinyvec`" msgstr "`tinyvec`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md msgid "`spin`" msgstr "`spin`" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "`vmbase`" msgstr "`vmbase`" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "RTC Driver" msgstr "RTC Driver" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Concurrency: Morning" msgstr "Concurrency: āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/threads.md msgid "Threads" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§‹" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md msgid "Scoped Threads" msgstr "āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‹āĻĒāĻĄ Threads" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/channels.md msgid "Channels" msgstr "āĻ¨āĻžāĻ˛āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md msgid "Unbounded Channels" msgstr "āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻšā§€āĻ¨ āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md msgid "Bounded Channels" msgstr "āĻ†āĻŦāĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync.md msgid "`Send` and `Sync`" msgstr "`Send` āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ `Sync`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md msgid "`Send`" msgstr "`Send`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md msgid "`Sync`" msgstr "`Sync`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "Examples" msgstr "āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/shared_state.md msgid "Shared State" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŸ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md msgid "`Arc`" msgstr "`Arc`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md msgid "`Mutex`" msgstr "`Mutex`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/review.md #: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md msgid "Example" msgstr "āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "Dining Philosophers" msgstr "Dining āĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker" msgstr "āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĨā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻĄā§‡āĻĄ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ™ā§āĻ• āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻžāĻ°" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Concurrency: Afternoon" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻŽāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¤āĻž: āĻĻā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Async Basics" msgstr "Async Basics" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/async-await.md msgid "`async`/`await`" msgstr "`async`/`await`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/futures.md msgid "Futures" msgstr "āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/runtimes.md msgid "Runtimes" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŽ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "Tokio" msgstr "Tokio" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md src/async/tasks.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "Tasks" msgstr "Tasks-āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/channels.md msgid "Async Channels" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤ āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Control Flow" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻš āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "Join" msgstr "āĻœā§‹ā§œāĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "Select" msgstr "āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Pitfalls" msgstr "āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Blocking the Executor" msgstr "āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "`Pin`" msgstr "`Pin`" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md msgid "Async Traits" msgstr "Async Traits" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "Cancellation" msgstr "āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ˛āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "Broadcast Chat Application" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨā§‹āĻĒāĻ•āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Final Words" msgstr "āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/thanks.md msgid "Thanks!" msgstr "āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ!" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/glossary.md msgid "Glossary" msgstr "āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ•ā§‹āĻˇ" #: src/SUMMARY.md msgid "Other Resources" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸āĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #: src/SUMMARY.md src/credits.md msgid "Credits" msgstr "āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻĄāĻŋāĻŸāĻ¸" #: src/index.md msgid "" "[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/" "google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/" "google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!" "[GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/" "comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/" "comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields." "io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github." "com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" msgstr "" "[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/" "google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/" "google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!" "[GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/" "comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/" "comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields." "io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github." "com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" #: src/index.md msgid "" "This is a free Rust course developed by the Android team at Google. The " "course covers the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced " "topics like generics and error handling." msgstr "" "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ Google āĻāĻ° āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻĄ āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ āĻ¯āĻž " "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§‡āĻ•āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ, āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ " "āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§Ÿ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/index.md msgid "" "The latest version of the course can be found at . If you are reading somewhere else, please check there " "for updates." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ " "- āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĨāĻžāĻ“ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒā§œāĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ " "āĻ¨ā§‡ā§ŸāĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĨ¤" #: src/index.md msgid "The course is also available [as a PDF](comprehensive-rust.pdf)." msgstr "āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻŋ.āĻĄāĻŋ.āĻāĻĢ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡āĻ“ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦā§āĻ§ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ (comprehensive-rust.pdf)āĨ¤" #: src/index.md msgid "" "The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know " "anything about Rust and hope to:" msgstr "" "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ " "āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ:" #: src/index.md msgid "Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language." msgstr "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ" #: src/index.md msgid "Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻļā§‹āĻ§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/index.md msgid "Show you common Rust idioms." msgstr "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ‡āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻ¸ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤" #: src/index.md msgid "We call the first four course days Rust Fundamentals." msgstr "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻĢāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋāĨ¤" #: src/index.md msgid "" "Building on this, you're invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:" msgstr "" "āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĄā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ " "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤" #: src/index.md msgid "" "[Android](android.md): a half-day course on using Rust for Android platform " "development (AOSP). This includes interoperability with C, C++, and Java." msgstr "" "[Android](android.md): āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻĄ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻĄā§‡āĻ­ā§‡āĻ˛āĻĒāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ (AOSP) āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ " "āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻ§-āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ C, C++ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Java āĻ¸āĻš āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻƒāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž " "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ­ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/index.md msgid "" "[Chromium](chromium.md): a half-day course on using Rust within Chromium " "based browsers. This includes interoperability with C++ and how to include " "third-party crates in Chromium." msgstr "" "[Chromium][chromium.md): āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ§āĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ Chromium āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ " "āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ C++ āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻƒāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž " "āĻ¸āĻš āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻĒāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŸ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ Chromium āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/index.md msgid "" "[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): a whole-day class on using Rust for bare-metal " "(embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application processors are " "covered." msgstr "" "[āĻŦā§‡ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°-āĻŽā§‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ˛](bare-metal.md): āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŽāĻŦā§‡āĻĄā§‡āĻĄ āĻĄā§‡āĻ­ā§‡āĻ˛āĻĒāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ " "āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§Ÿā§‡āĻ° āĻ“āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°āĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¸āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ āĻāĻ‡ " "āĻĻā§āĻŸā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§ŸāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻšāĻ°ā§āĻšāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/index.md msgid "" "[Concurrency](concurrency.md): a whole-day class on concurrency in Rust. We " "cover both classical concurrency (preemptively scheduling using threads and " "mutexes) and async/await concurrency (cooperative multitasking using " "futures)." msgstr "" "[āĻ¸āĻŽāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž](concurrency.md): āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ“āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ " "āĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ (āĻĨā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻĄ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ mutexes āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§ŸāĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°-āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ " "āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§‚āĻšā§€ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹) āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ async/await āĻ¸āĻŽāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž (āĻĢāĻŋāĻ‰āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ " "āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚)-āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻšāĻ°ā§āĻšāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/index.md msgid "Non-Goals" msgstr "āĻ¯āĻž āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž" #: src/index.md msgid "" "Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few " "days. Some non-goals of this course are:" msgstr "" "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§ƒāĻšā§Ž āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻœ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ• āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ " "āĻ¸āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…-āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ˛āĻƒ" #: src/index.md msgid "" "Learning how to develop macros: please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust Book]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by Example]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead." msgstr "" "āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡: āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ [āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ā§§ā§¯.ā§Ģ](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ [āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž Rust](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/index.md msgid "Assumptions" msgstr "\\##āĻ§ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #: src/index.md msgid "" "The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a " "statically-typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and " "C++ to better explain or contrast the Rust approach." msgstr "" "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ " "āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒāĻĄ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻœ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ C āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ C++ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ " "āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĨ¤" #: src/index.md msgid "" "If you know how to program in a dynamically-typed language such as Python or " "JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒāĻĄ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ " "āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻœāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻĒā§āĻŸ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/index.md msgid "" "This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional " "information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor " "should cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class." msgstr "" "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ _speaker note_ āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻĄā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ " "āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‹āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ " "āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "This page is for the course instructor." msgstr "āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course.md msgid "" "Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the " "course internally at Google." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĒāĻŸāĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ° āĻ—ā§āĻ—āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§€āĻŖāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ " "āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course.md msgid "" "We typically run classes from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm, with a 1 hour lunch break " "in the middle. This leaves 3 hours for the morning class and 3 hours for the " "afternoon class. Both sessions contain multiple breaks and time for students " "to work on exercises." msgstr "" "āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ ā§¯.ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ ā§Ē.ā§Ļā§Ļ (āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ ā§§ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻš) āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ " "āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ ā§Š āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡ ā§Š āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ—ā§‡āĻ‡ " "āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€ āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course.md msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:" msgstr "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨:" #: src/running-the-course.md msgid "" "Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker " "notes to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more " "speaker notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker " "notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker " "Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class." msgstr "" "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‹āĻŸ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ­ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ " "āĻĒāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ (āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‹āĻŸ āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ " "āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ !)āĨ¤ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‹āĻŸ āĻĒāĻĒāĻ†āĻĒ āĻ āĻ–ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ " "āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž (\"āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§€āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‹āĻŸāĻ¸\" āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ āĻ¤ā§€āĻ° āĻ¸āĻš āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ™ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨)āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻĨā§‡ " "āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻž āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course.md msgid "" "Decide on the dates. Since the course takes four days, we recommend that you " "schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants have said that they " "find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them process all " "the information we give them." msgstr "" "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāĻ° āĻ“āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡ā§ŸāĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĨ¤ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻšā§‡āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ ā§Ē-āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§‡āĻšā§‡āĻ¤ā§ " "āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¤āĻ°āĻĢ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ›ā§œāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦāĻžāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° " "āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ " "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦā§‹āĻā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course.md msgid "" "Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a " "class size of 15-25 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable " "asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have " "time to answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself " "and for the students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your " "laptops. In particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an " "instructor, so a lectern won't be very helpful for you." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻĨā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ 15-25 āĻœāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° " "āĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĨā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ†āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ• āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡--- " "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĨā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ• āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ " "āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ˜āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ _desks_ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ : āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° " "āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻŸāĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ• āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ " "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšā§āĻ° āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ­-āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ lecturn āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ• āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course.md msgid "" "On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things " "up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your " "laptop (see the [installation instructions](https://github.com/google/" "comprehensive-rust#building)). This ensures optimal performance with no lag " "as you change pages. Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as " "you or the course participants spot them." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨, āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻŸāĻĒā§‡ " "āĻšāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ `mdbook serve` āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ‡ (āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨ " "\\[āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ā§€\\] [3](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-" "rust#building))āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ— āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡ " "āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‹āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻŸāĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻž āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° " "āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€āĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course.md msgid "" "Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. We " "typically spend 30-45 minutes on exercises in the morning and in the " "afternoon (including time to review the solutions). Make sure to ask people " "if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When you see " "that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class and " "offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant " "information in the standard library." msgstr "" "āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ āĻĻāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ " "āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ 30-45 āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ (āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻš)āĨ¤ " "āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻŸāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ " "āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, " "āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻĢāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ " "āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course.md msgid "" "That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun " "for you as it has been for us!" msgstr "" "āĻāĻ‡āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻļā§āĻ­āĻ•āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤āĻ¤āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° " "āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŸāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course.md msgid "" "Please [provide feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/" "discussions/86) afterwards so that we can keep improving the course. We " "would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made better. " "Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback](https://github.com/" "google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!" msgstr "" "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ \\[āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨\\] [1](https://github.com/google/" "comprehensive-rust/discussions/86) āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ " "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§€ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻ•ā§€ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻ“ \\[āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡\\] āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ‡[2](https://" "github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Rust Fundamentals" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ " #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "The first four days make up [Rust Fundamentals](../welcome-day-1.md). The " "days are fast paced and we cover a lot of ground!" msgstr "" "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ [āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ¸ā§‚āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ](../welcome-day-1.md) āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ " "āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§‹āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Course schedule:" msgstr "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§‚āĻšā§€" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Day 1 Morning (2 hours and 10 minutes, including breaks)" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻš ā§¨ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-1.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤](../welcome-day-1.md) (ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Hello, World](../hello-world.md) (15 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹, āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻĄ](../hello-world.md) (ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ )" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Types and Values](../types-and-values.md) (45 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨](../types-and-values.md) (ā§Ēā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Control Flow Basics](../control-flow-basics.md) (40 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨](../control-flow-basics.md) (ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Day 1 Afternoon (2 hours and 15 minutes, including breaks)" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻĒā§āĻ° (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻš ā§¨ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Tuples and Arrays](../tuples-and-arrays.md) (35 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻŸāĻŋāĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡](../tuples-and-arrays.md) (ā§Šā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[References](../references.md) (35 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ°ā§‡āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸](../references.md) (ā§Šā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[User-Defined Types](../user-defined-types.md) (50 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ](../user-defined-types.md) (ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Day 2 Morning (2 hours and 50 minutes, including breaks)" msgstr "āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻš ā§¨ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-2.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽ](../welcome-day-2.md) (ā§Š āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Pattern Matching](../pattern-matching.md) (1 hour)" msgstr "[āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ‚](../pattern-matching.md) (ā§§ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Methods and Traits](../methods-and-traits.md) (45 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻžāĻ˛ā§€ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŸ](../methods-and-traits.md) (ā§Ēā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Generics](../generics.md) (40 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¸\\](../generics.md) (ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Day 2 Afternoon (3 hours and 10 minutes, including breaks)" msgstr "āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛āĻž (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻš ā§Š āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Standard Library Types](../std-types.md) (1 hour and 20 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ° āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ](../std-types.md) (ā§§ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž āĻŸā§‹ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Standard Library Traits](../std-traits.md) (1 hour and 40 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ° āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŸ](../std-traits.md) (ā§§ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž āĻŸā§‹ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Day 3 Morning (2 hours and 20 minutes, including breaks)" msgstr "āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛āĻž (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻš ā§¨ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž ā§¨ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-3.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽ](../welcome-day-3.md) (ā§Š āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Memory Management](../memory-management.md) (1 hour)" msgstr "[āĻŽā§‡āĻŽāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻž](../memory-management.md) (ā§§ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Smart Pointers](../smart-pointers.md) (55 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŸ āĻĒā§Ÿā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°](../smart-pointers.md) (ā§Ģā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Day 3 Afternoon (2 hours and 10 minutes, including breaks)" msgstr "āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛āĻž (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻš ā§¨ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Borrowing](../borrowing.md) (50 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ§āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§‹ā§ŸāĻŋāĻ‚](../borrowing.md) (ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "[Slices and Lifetimes](../slices-and-lifetimes.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)" msgstr "" "[āĻŸā§āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ ](../slices-and-lifetimes.md) (ā§§ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Day 4 Morning (2 hours and 50 minutes, including breaks)" msgstr "āĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛āĻž (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻš ā§¨āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-4.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽ](../welcome-day-4.md) (ā§Š āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Iterators](../iterators.md) (45 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŦāĻž āĻ‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻŸāĻ°ā§āĻ¸](../iterators.md) (ā§Ēā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Modules](../modules.md) (40 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻ‰āĻ˛](../modules.md) (ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Testing](../testing.md) (1 hour)" msgstr "[āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž](../testing.md) (ā§§ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Day 4 Afternoon (2 hours and 10 minutes, including breaks)" msgstr "āĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛āĻž (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻš ā§¨ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Error Handling](../error-handling.md) (55 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž](../error-handling.md) (ā§Ģā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "[Unsafe Rust](../unsafe-rust.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ](../unsafe-rust.md) (ā§§ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Deep Dives" msgstr "āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āĻ° āĻĄā§āĻŦ" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "In addition to the 4-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more " "specialized topics:" msgstr "" "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§Ÿā§‡āĻ° āĻ“āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ ā§Ē āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“, āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ°ā§āĻšāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž " "āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨:" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Rust in Android" msgstr "āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻĄā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "The [Rust in Android](../android.md) deep dive is a half-day course on using " "Rust for Android platform development. This includes interoperability with " "C, C++, and Java." msgstr "" "[āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻĄā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ](../android.md) āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻĄ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻĄā§‡āĻ­ā§‡āĻ˛āĻĒāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ " "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻ§-āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ C, C++, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Java āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ " "āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻƒāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "You will need an [AOSP checkout](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/" "download/downloading). Make a checkout of the [course repository](https://" "github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) on the same machine and move the `src/" "android/` directory into the root of your AOSP checkout. This will ensure " "that the Android build system sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ \\[AOSP āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻ‰āĻŸ\\] āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ [1](https://source.android.com/docs/" "setup/download/downloading)āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻ‰āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ \\[āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ āĻ°āĻŋāĻĒā§‹āĻœāĻŋāĻŸāĻ°āĻŋ [2](https://" "github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ `src/android/` āĻĄāĻŋāĻ°ā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻ°āĻŋ " "āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° AOSP āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻ‰āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ°ā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻĄ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĄ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ " "āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡ `src/android/`\\-āĻ `Android.bp` āĻĢāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build " "all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to " "see the commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand." msgstr "" "āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ `adb āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ™ā§āĻ•` āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻŸāĻ° āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ " "Android āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋ-āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĄ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ `src/android/build_all.sh` āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻĒā§āĻŸ " "āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ " "āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Rust in Chromium" msgstr "āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "The [Rust in Chromium](../chromium.md) deep dive is a half-day course on " "using Rust as part of the Chromium browser. It includes using Rust in " "Chromium's `gn` build system, bringing in third-party libraries (\"crates\") " "and C++ interoperability." msgstr "" "āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§Ÿ āĻāĻ° āĻ“āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§‡āĻ• āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ " "āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āĻ° āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻšāĻ°ā§āĻšāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ - [āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ](../chromium.md)āĨ¤ " "āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻāĻ° `gn` āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° " "āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋ (āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŸ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ Rust āĻ) āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ C++ āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻƒ-āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻ‡ " "āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āĻ° āĻšāĻ°ā§āĻšāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "You will need to be able to build Chromium --- a debug, component build is " "[recommended](../chromium/setup.md) for speed but any build will work. " "Ensure that you can run the Chromium browser that you've built." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ " "āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡, āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ“ āĻ¤āĻžā§œāĻžāĻ¤āĻžā§œāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ— āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ " "āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° [āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ](../chromium/setup.md) āĻĻā§‡āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ " "āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ“ āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤ " #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Bare-Metal Rust" msgstr "Bare-Metal āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "The [Bare-Metal Rust](../bare-metal.md) deep dive is a full day class on " "using Rust for bare-metal (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and " "application processors are covered." msgstr "" "[Bare-Metal āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ](../bare-metal.md): āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ bare-metal (embedded) " "āĻĄā§‡āĻ­ā§‡āĻ˛āĻĒāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¸āĻ° " "āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "For the microcontroller part, you will need to buy the [BBC micro:bit]" "(https://microbit.org/) v2 development board ahead of time. Everybody will " "need to install a number of packages as described on the [welcome page](../" "bare-metal.md)." msgstr "" "āĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ [BBC micro:bit](https://" "microbit.org/) v2 āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄāĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§‡ [welcome page](../bare-metal.md) āĻ " "āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻœāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Concurrency in Rust" msgstr "Concurrency in āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "The [Concurrency in Rust](../concurrency.md) deep dive is a full day class " "on classical as well as `async`/`await` concurrency." msgstr "" "[Concurrency in Rust](../concurrency.md) āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒ āĻĄāĻžāĻ‡āĻ­ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° " "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ `async`/`await` concurrency." #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "You will need a fresh crate set up and the dependencies downloaded and ready " "to go. You can then copy/paste the examples into `src/main.rs` to experiment " "with them:" msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŸ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸ āĻ†āĻĒ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ°āĻ¤āĻž āĻĄāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨āĻ˛ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ " "āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ `src/main.rs`\\-āĻ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻĒāĻŋ/āĻĒā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ " "āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨:" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "Format" msgstr "āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md msgid "" "The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the " "questions drive the exploration of Rust!" msgstr "" "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ " "Rust āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ•!" #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:" msgstr "mdBook-āĻ āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ•ā§€āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻ•āĻžāĻŸ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻƒ" #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid "Arrow-Left" msgstr "Arrow-Left" #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid ": Navigate to the previous page." msgstr ": Navigate to the previous page." #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid "Arrow-Right" msgstr "Arrow-Right" #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid ": Navigate to the next page." msgstr ": Navigate to the next page." #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "Ctrl + Enter" msgstr "Ctrl + Enter" #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid ": Execute the code sample that has focus." msgstr ": Execute the code sample that has focus." #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid "s" msgstr "s" #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md msgid ": Activate the search bar." msgstr ": Activate the search bar." #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful " "volunteers:" msgstr "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§‡āĻšā§āĻ›āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦāĻ• āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻƒ" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "[Brazilian Portuguese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) " "by [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://github." "com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes), and " "[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)." msgstr "" "[āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻŋāĻ˛ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ—ā§€āĻœ](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) āĻ•āĻ°āĻž " "āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://" "github.com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes) " "āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ [@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75) āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "[Chinese (Simplified)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-CN/) " "by [@suetfei](https://github.com/suetfei), [@wnghl](https://github.com/" "wnghl), [@anlunx](https://github.com/anlunx), [@kongy](https://github.com/" "kongy), [@noahdragon](https://github.com/noahdragon), [@superwhd](https://" "github.com/superwhd), [@SketchK](https://github.com/SketchK), and [@nodmp]" "(https://github.com/nodmp)." msgstr "" "[āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ā§€āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšā§€āĻ¨āĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻž](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-CN/) āĻ•āĻ°āĻž " "āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ [@suetfei](https://github.com/suetfei), [@wnghl](https://github.com/" "wnghl), [@anlunx](https://github.com/anlunx), [@kongy](https://github.com/" "kongy), [@noahdragon](https://github.com/noahdragon), [@superwhd](https://" "github.com/superwhd), [@SketchK](https://github.com/SketchK), āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ [@nodmp]" "(https://github.com/nodmp) āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "[Chinese (Traditional)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-TW/) " "by [@hueich](https://github.com/hueich), [@victorhsieh](https://github.com/" "victorhsieh), [@mingyc](https://github.com/mingyc), [@kuanhungchen](https://" "github.com/kuanhungchen), and [@johnathan79717](https://github.com/" "johnathan79717)." msgstr "" "[āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¯āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻšā§€āĻ¨āĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻž](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-TW/) āĻ•āĻ°āĻž " "āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ [@hueich](https://github.com/hueich), [@victorhsieh](https://github." "com/victorhsieh), [@mingyc](https://github.com/mingyc), [@kuanhungchen]" "(https://github.com/kuanhungchen), āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ [@johnathan79717](https://github.com/" "johnathan79717) āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "[Korean](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) by [@keispace]" "(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp), " "[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan), and [@namhyung](https://github." "com/namhyung)." msgstr "" "[āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ " "[@keispace](https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/" "jiyongp) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ [@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan) āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "[Spanish](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/es/) by [@deavid]" "(https://github.com/deavid)." msgstr "" "[āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻļ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻž](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/es/) āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ " "[@deavid](https://github.com/deavid) āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages." msgstr "āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ‡āĻš āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°-āĻĄāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻŖā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "Incomplete Translations" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "There is a large number of in-progress translations. We link to the most " "recently updated translations:" msgstr "" "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻ• āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻĒāĻĄā§‡āĻŸ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ™ā§āĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻƒ" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "[Bengali](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) by [@raselmandol]" "(https://github.com/raselmandol)." msgstr "" "[āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ " "[@abhik-99](https://github.com/abhik-99) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ [@raselmandol](https://github." "com/raselmandol) āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "[French](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) by [@KookaS]" "(https://github.com/KookaS) and [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen)." msgstr "" "[French](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) by [@KookaS]" "(https://github.com/KookaS) and [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen)" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "[German](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) by [@Throvn]" "(https://github.com/Throvn) and [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)." msgstr "" "[German](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) by [@Throvn]" "(https://github.com/Throvn) and [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)." #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "[Japanese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) by [@CoinEZ-JPN]" "(https://github.com/CoinEZ) and [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/" "momotaro1105)." msgstr "" "[Japanese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) by [@CoinEZ-JPN]" "(https://github.com/CoinEZ) and [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/" "momotaro1105)." #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "[Italian](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/it/) by " "[@henrythebuilder](https://github.com/henrythebuilder) and [@detro](https://" "github.com/detro)." msgstr "" "[āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻž](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/it/) āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ " "[@henrythebuilder](https://github.com/henrythebuilder) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ [@detro](https://" "github.com/detro) āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md msgid "" "If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions](https://" "github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) for how to " "get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker](https://" "github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ " "\\[āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ā§€\\] āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ \\[āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ°\\] āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/cargo.md msgid "" "When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool used in the Rust ecosystem to build " "and run Rust applications. Here we want to give a brief overview of what " "Cargo is and how it fits into the wider ecosystem and how it fits into this " "training." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§€āĻ˜ā§āĻ°āĻ‡ [āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§‹](https://doc.rust-lang." "org/cargo/) āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻŸā§āĻ˛ āĻ¯āĻž Rust āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ " "āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ Rust āĻ‡āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§‹ āĻ•ā§€ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ " "āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§ƒāĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§‡ āĻĢāĻŋāĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ " "āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ–āĻžāĻĒ āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤" #: src/cargo.md msgid "Installation" msgstr "Installation" #: src/cargo.md msgid "**Please follow the instructions on .**" msgstr "**. āĻ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ā§€ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤**" #: src/cargo.md msgid "" "This will give you the Cargo build tool (`cargo`) and the Rust compiler " "(`rustc`). You will also get `rustup`, a command line utility that you can " "use to install to different compiler versions." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§‹ (`cargo`) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° (`rustc`) āĻĒā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§‹ " "āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ `rustup` āĻ“ āĻĒā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ " "āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/cargo.md msgid "" "After installing Rust, you should configure your editor or IDE to work with " "Rust. Most editors do this by talking to [rust-analyzer](https://rust-" "analyzer.github.io/), which provides auto-completion and jump-to-definition " "functionality for [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/), [Emacs](https://" "rust-analyzer.github.io/manual.html#emacs), [Vim/Neovim](https://rust-" "analyzer.github.io/manual.html#vimneovim), and many others. There is also a " "different IDE available called [RustRover](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/)." msgstr "" "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻŸāĻ° āĻŦāĻž āĻ†āĻ‡.āĻĄāĻŋ.āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻœā§āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻŸāĻ° " "āĻāĻ‡āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ [rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ " "āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĨ¤ [rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) [VS Code]" "(https://code.visualstudio.com/), [Emacs](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/" "manual.html#emacs), [Vim/Neovim](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/manual." "html#vimneovim) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‚-āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ–ā§āĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ¨ " "āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡āĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻ‡.āĻĄāĻŋ.āĻ‡-āĻ“ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ " "[RustRover](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/)āĨ¤" #: src/cargo.md msgid "" "On Debian/Ubuntu, you can also install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust " "formatter](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) via `apt`. However, this " "gets you an outdated rust version and may lead to unexpected behavior. The " "command would be:" msgstr "" "āĻĄā§‡āĻŦāĻŋā§ŸāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻ‰āĻŦā§āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§ āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ“ `apt` āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§‹, āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ [Rust formatter]" "(https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ " "āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāĻ¨āĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ " "āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‹:" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "The Rust Ecosystem" msgstr "The Rust āĻāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:" msgstr "The Rust ecosystem āĻ āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžā§āĻœāĻžāĻŽ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛:" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "`rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other " "intermediate formats." msgstr "" "`rustc`: Rust āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ¯āĻž `.rs` āĻĢāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ " "āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "`cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to " "download dependencies, usually hosted on , and it will " "pass them to `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a " "built-in test runner which is used to execute unit tests." msgstr "" "`cargo`: āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ°āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻ¨ā§€āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§‹ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ " "\\-āĻ āĻšā§‹āĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ " "āĻĄāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨āĻ˛ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ `rustc` " "āĻ¤ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§‹ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ• āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž " "āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "`rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to " "install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust are " "released. In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the " "standard library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once " "and `rustup` will let you switch between them as needed." msgstr "" "`rustup`: āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻŸā§āĻ˛āĻšā§‡āĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻĄā§‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŸā§āĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ-āĻāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ " "āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ `rustc` āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ `cargo` āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛ āĻ“ āĻ†āĻĒāĻĄā§‡āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§, `rustup` " "āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĄāĻ•ā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻļāĻ¨āĻ“ āĻĄāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨āĻ˛ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ Rust āĻāĻ° " "āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ `āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ†āĻĒ` āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ " "āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ‡āĻš āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md src/types-and-values/hello-world.md #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md src/references/exclusive.md #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md src/memory-management/move.md #: src/error-handling/try.md src/android/setup.md src/concurrency/threads.md #: src/async/async-await.md msgid "Key points:" msgstr "āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•:" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out every six " "weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with old releases --- " "plus they enable new functionality." msgstr "" "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§‚āĻšā§€ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ• ā§Ŧ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°-āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ " "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻžā§āĻœāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻžāĻ° " "āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§ˆāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ¨ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"." msgstr "" "āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ-āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ ā§ŠāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĒāĻĨ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ - \"stable\" (āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ - āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻļā§€āĻ˛), " "\"beta\" (āĻŦāĻŋāĻŸāĻž -āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ• āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ \"nightly\" (āĻ¨āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸāĻ˛āĻŋ - āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§€āĻ¨)āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes " "\"stable\" every six weeks." msgstr "" "āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§ˆāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ-āĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ• " "ā§ŦāĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžā§ŸāĨ¤" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "Dependencies can also be resolved from alternative [registries](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html), git, folders, and more." msgstr "" "āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ [āĻŦā§ˆāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ• āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋ](https://doc.rust-" "lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html), āĻ—āĻŋāĻŸā§, āĻĢā§‹āĻ˛ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž " "āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "Rust also has [editions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): the " "current edition is Rust 2021. Previous editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018." msgstr "" "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° [āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ¨](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/) -āĻ“ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡: āĻ‡āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ‚ " "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ ā§¨ā§Ļā§¨ā§§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ ā§¨ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ ā§¨ā§Ļā§§āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to the " "language." msgstr "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻžā§āĻœāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻœāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ“ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the edition for " "your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file." msgstr "" "āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ™ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ¨ āĻŦā§‡āĻāĻšā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž " "`Cargo.toml` āĻĢāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code written for " "different editions." msgstr "" "āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻž āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¯āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž-āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ " "āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through " "`cargo` (most users never do)." msgstr "" "āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ“ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿā§‡ `cargo` āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ " "āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ­ (āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž)āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and " "comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but " "not limited to:" msgstr "" "āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ“ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§‹ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻļā§€āĻ˛ āĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§€āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° " "āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨:" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "Project/package structure" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸ/āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻœ āĻāĻ° āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "[workspaces](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)" msgstr "" "[āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻž āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§‡āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¸](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/" "workspaces.html)" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching" msgstr "āĻĄā§‡āĻ­ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ°āĻ¤āĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ‚" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "[build scripting](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts." "html)" msgstr "" "[āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ˛āĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāĻ°āĻšāĻ¨āĻž](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts." "html)" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "[global installation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install." "html)" msgstr "" "[āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻž](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install." "html)" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo " "clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))." msgstr "" "[cargo clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy)-āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĒ-āĻ†āĻĻā§‡āĻļ " "āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ“ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§ŸāĨ¤" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md msgid "" "Read more from the [official Cargo Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)" msgstr "" "[āĻ…āĻĢāĻŋāĻ¸āĻŋā§ŸāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ‡](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/) āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻĒā§œāĻ¤ā§‡ " "āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "Code Samples in This Training" msgstr "āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ¨āĻŽā§āĻ¨āĻž" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "" "For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through examples " "which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier " "and ensures a consistent experience for everyone." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ āĻ¯āĻž " "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‰āĻœāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻ†āĻĒāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ " "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻ¤āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "" "Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do " "the exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you " "how to work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo." msgstr "" "āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§‹ āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹: āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡ " "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ " "āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§‹ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:" msgstr "āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ•āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­:" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "\"Edit me!\"" msgstr "\"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻĻāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‹ āĻ¤ā§‹ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋ!\"" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "You can use " msgstr "āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŸā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻŸ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ āĻ āĻĢā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻ¸ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ " #: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid " to execute the code when focus is in the text box." msgstr " āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "" "Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples are not " "editable for various reasons:" msgstr "" "āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ¨āĻŽā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ¨āĻŽā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ " "āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ:" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "" "The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the code and " "open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests." msgstr "" "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ " "āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻĒāĻŋ-āĻĒā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md msgid "" "The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate away from " "the page! This is the reason that the students should solve the exercises " "using a local Rust installation or via the Playground." msgstr "" "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿā§€ - āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ“ā§Ÿā§‡āĻŦāĻĒā§‡āĻœ āĻ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ " "āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡! āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ " "āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "Running Code Locally with Cargo" msgstr "Cargo āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will " "need to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the " "Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). This " "should give you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time of writing, the " "latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:" msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ " "āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ [āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻŦāĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ā§€](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/" "ch01-01-installation.html) āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻ‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ¨ " "`rustc` āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ `cargo` āĻĒā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿā§‡, āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻļā§€āĻ˛ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° " "āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡:" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "You can use any later version too since Rust maintains backwards " "compatibility." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖāĻ“ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻšā§‡āĻ¤ā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻžā§āĻœāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one of " "the examples in this training:" msgstr "" "āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡, āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ " "āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻĒāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨:" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ \"Copy to clipboard\" āĻŦāĻžāĻŸāĻ¨ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻĒāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:" msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ `exercise/` āĻĄāĻŋāĻ°ā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ ``cargo new " "exercise` āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨:" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:" msgstr "" "`exercise/` -āĻĄāĻŋāĻ°ā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻž āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ `cargo " "run` āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨:" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For " "example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like" msgstr "" "`src/main.rs`-āĻāĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ˛āĻžāĻ°āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻŸ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ " "āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ `src/main.rs`-āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:" msgstr "`cargo run` āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§€āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻĄā§‡āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨:" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo " "build` to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/" "debug/` for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an " "optimized release build in `target/release/`." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ `cargo check` āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, " "āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ `cargo build` āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ— " "āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ‰āĻŸāĻĒā§āĻŸāĻŋ `target/debug/` āĻĄāĻŋāĻ°ā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ `target/release/`-āĻ " "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻĒā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻœāĻĄ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻœ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĄ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ `cargo build --release` āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you " "run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing " "dependencies for you." msgstr "" "`Cargo.toml` āĻŦāĻĻāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤\n" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ `cargo` āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡-āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ " "āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨āĻ˛ā§‹āĻĄ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md msgid "" "Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a local " "editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a normal " "development environment." msgstr "" "āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€āĻĻā§‡āĻ° Cargo āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻŸāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ " "āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻšā§‡āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ " "āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻĄā§‡āĻ­ā§‡āĻ˛āĻĒāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻ¨āĻ­āĻžāĻ‡āĻ°āĻ¨āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "Welcome to Day 1" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽ" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "This is the first day of Rust Fundamentals. We will cover a lot of ground " "today:" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§Ÿ āĻšāĻ°ā§āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻœāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‹āĨ¤" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs, " "references, functions, and methods." msgstr "" "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸: āĻ­ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛, āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°, āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻŸ, " "āĻ°ā§‡āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸, āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĨ¤" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "Types and type inference." msgstr "āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "Control flow constructs: loops, conditionals, and so on." msgstr "āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻš āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨: āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ, āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¸āĻžāĻĒā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĨ¤" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "User-defined types: structs and enums." msgstr "āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€-āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ: āĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻŸ āĻ“ āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays." msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ‚: āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ, āĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/welcome-day-1.md src/welcome-day-2.md src/welcome-day-3.md #: src/welcome-day-4.md msgid "Schedule" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§‚āĻšā§€" #: src/welcome-day-1.md src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-2.md #: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-3.md #: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-4.md #: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md msgid "In this session:" msgstr "āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ā§‡:" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-1.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽ](./welcome-day-1.md) (ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "[Hello, World](./hello-world.md) (15 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹,āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻĄ](./hello-world.md) (ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "[Types and Values](./types-and-values.md) (45 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨](./types-and-values.md) (ā§Ēā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "[Control Flow Basics](./control-flow-basics.md) (40 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻš āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨](./control-flow-basics.md) (ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/welcome-day-1.md src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md #: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md msgid "" "Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 10 " "minutes" msgstr "ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻš āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ ā§¨ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸā§‡āĻ°" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "Please remind the students that:" msgstr "āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻƒ" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end." msgstr "" "āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡, āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻšāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ­ " "āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much " "encouraged!" msgstr "" "āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨāĻˇā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋā§Ÿ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ•-āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻš " "āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i.e., " "keep the discussions related to how Rust does things vs some other language. " "It can be hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of allowing " "discussions since they engage people much more than one-way communication." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ• āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž, " "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ " "āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ¯ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ " "āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§€ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•āĻ•ā§‡ āĻœāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the slides." msgstr "āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻĄ āĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§ŸāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. " "Remember that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as " "you like." msgstr "" "āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§Ÿ! āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻĄāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ " "āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "The idea for the first day is to show the \"basic\" things in Rust that " "should have immediate parallels in other languages. The more advanced parts " "of Rust come on the subsequent days." msgstr "" "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° \"āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•\" āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ " "āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ˛ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/welcome-day-1.md msgid "" "If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the " "schedule. Note that there is an exercise at the end of each segment, " "followed by a break. Plan to cover the exercise solution after the break. " "The times listed here are a suggestion in order to keep the course on " "schedule. Feel free to be flexible and adjust as necessary!" msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŖā§€āĻ•āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§‚āĻšā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ " "āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻžāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ " "āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ“ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻšāĻ°ā§āĻšāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĨ¤ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§‚āĻšā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻžāĻ° " "āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ­ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨āĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ " "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻžā§āĻœāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§‹ā§œāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡!" #: src/hello-world.md src/types-and-values.md src/control-flow-basics.md #: src/tuples-and-arrays.md src/references.md src/user-defined-types.md #: src/pattern-matching.md src/methods-and-traits.md src/generics.md #: src/std-types.md src/std-traits.md src/memory-management.md #: src/smart-pointers.md src/borrowing.md src/slices-and-lifetimes.md #: src/iterators.md src/modules.md src/testing.md src/error-handling.md #: src/unsafe-rust.md msgid "In this segment:" msgstr "āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡:" #: src/hello-world.md msgid "[What is Rust?](./hello-world/what-is-rust.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻŋ?](./hello-world/what-is-rust.md) (ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/hello-world.md msgid "[Benefits of Rust](./hello-world/benefits.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§ā§‡](./hello-world/benefits.md) (ā§Š āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/hello-world.md msgid "[Playground](./hello-world/playground.md) (2 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ](./hello-world/playground.md) (ā§¨ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/hello-world.md msgid "This segment should take about 15 minutes" msgstr "āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻŸāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§Ÿ ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻŦā§‡" #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "" "Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015]" "(https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):" msgstr "" "Rust āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹ [1.0 āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ 2015 āĻ¤ā§‡](https://blog." "rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):" #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++" msgstr " āĻ¸āĻŋ++ āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ¨, āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ“ 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻž" #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "`rustc` uses LLVM as its backend." msgstr "`rustc` āĻāĻ˛.āĻāĻ˛.āĻ­āĻŋ.āĻāĻŽ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻĒāĻĨā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡" #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "" "Rust supports many [platforms and architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):" msgstr "" "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ [āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāĻŸā§‡āĻ•āĻšāĻžāĻ°](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/" "rustc/platform-support.html) āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨:" #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..." msgstr "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..." #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..." msgstr "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..." #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "Rust is used for a wide range of devices:" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ:" #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "firmware and boot loaders," msgstr "āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ“ā§Ÿā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦā§āĻŸ āĻ˛ā§‹ā§ŸāĻžāĻĄāĻ°ā§āĻ¸," #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "smart displays," msgstr "āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŸ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡," #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "mobile phones," msgstr "āĻŽā§‹āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛ āĻĢā§‹āĻ¨," #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "desktops," msgstr "āĻĄā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻŸāĻĒ," #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "servers." msgstr "āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:" msgstr "Rust āĻ āĻŋāĻ• C++ āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ–āĻžāĻĒ āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:" #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "High flexibility." msgstr "āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŽāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "High level of control." msgstr "āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻš āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "" "Can be scaled down to very constrained devices such as microcontrollers." msgstr "āĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ˛āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "Has no runtime or garbage collection." msgstr "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āĻ†āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻžāĻ˛ā§€ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md msgid "Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance." msgstr "" "āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻžā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹āĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ°āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĢā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:" msgstr "RustāĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ:" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "" "_Compile time memory safety_ - whole classes of memory bugs are prevented at " "compile time" msgstr "" "_āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŽā§‡āĻŽāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻž_ - āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŽā§‡āĻŽāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§‹āĻ§ " "āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "No uninitialized variables." msgstr "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ¸ā§‚āĻšāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "No double-frees." msgstr "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛-āĻĢā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¸ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "No use-after-free." msgstr "āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻžā§ŸāĻ—āĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "No `NULL` pointers." msgstr "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ `NULL` āĻĒā§Ÿā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "No forgotten locked mutexes." msgstr "āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻ¸ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "No data races between threads." msgstr "āĻĨā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ°āĻ•āĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻĄāĻžāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¸ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "No iterator invalidation." msgstr "āĻ‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻŸāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻŦā§ˆāĻ§āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§ŸāĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "" "_No undefined runtime behavior_ - what a Rust statement does is never left " "unspecified" msgstr "" "_āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŽ āĻ†āĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨ā§Ÿ_- āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ " "āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "Array access is bounds checked." msgstr "āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¸ āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻšā§‡āĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ." #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "Integer overflow is defined (panic or wrap-around)." msgstr "āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ“āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "" "_Modern language features_ - as expressive and ergonomic as higher-level " "languages" msgstr "" "_āĻ†āĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§ˆāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯_- āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻš-āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ " "āĻāĻ°āĻ—āĻ¨ā§‹āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "Enums and pattern matching." msgstr "āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ‚āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "Generics." msgstr "āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "No overhead FFI." msgstr "No overhead FFI." #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "Zero-cost abstractions." msgstr "Zero-cost abstractions." #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "Great compiler errors." msgstr "āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "Built-in dependency manager." msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ•āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "Built-in support for testing." msgstr "āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž-āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "Excellent Language Server Protocol support." msgstr "āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "" "Do not spend much time here. All of these points will be covered in more " "depth later." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§ŸāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āĻ°āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ°ā§āĻšāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "" "Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. " "Depending on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:" msgstr "" "āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻ¤āĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° " "āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§ˆāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨:" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "" "Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_ " "via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't " "have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with " "constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management." msgstr "" "āĻ¸āĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻŋ++ āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻ¤āĻž: āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ§āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡ _āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŽ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ°_ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ " "āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĻā§‚āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻŋ++ āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§‡āĻŽāĻ°āĻŋāĻ° " "āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ " "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻŦā§ˆāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻš āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/benefits.md msgid "" "Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory " "safety as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In " "addition you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage " "collector) as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)" msgstr "" "āĻœāĻžāĻ­āĻž, āĻ—ā§‹, āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻĨāĻ¨, āĻœāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻĒā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻ¤āĻž...: āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ " "āĻŽā§‡āĻŽāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻš-āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ­ā§‚āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ " "āĻ¸āĻŋ++ āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ (āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ—āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡āĻœ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻ° āĻ›āĻžā§œāĻžāĻ‡) " "āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ¨-āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¸āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/playground.md msgid "" "The [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) provides an easy way to " "run short Rust programs, and is the basis for the examples and exercises in " "this course. Try running the \"hello-world\" program it starts with. It " "comes with a few handy features:" msgstr "" "[āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ](https://play.rust-lang.org/) āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° " "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ " "āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž \"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹-āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻĄ\" āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻœāĻ¨āĻ• " "āĻŦā§ˆāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻš āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡:" #: src/hello-world/playground.md msgid "" "Under \"Tools\", use the `rustfmt` option to format your code in the " "\"standard\" way." msgstr "" "\"Tools\" āĻāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡, \"āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ\" āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ `rustfmt` " "āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/playground.md msgid "" "Rust has two main \"profiles\" for generating code: Debug (extra runtime " "checks, less optimization) and Release (fewer runtime checks, lots of " "optimization). These are accessible under \"Debug\" at the top." msgstr "" "āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ \"āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–\" āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡: āĻĄāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ— (āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŽ " "āĻšā§‡āĻ•, āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ…āĻĒā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻœā§‡āĻļāĻžāĻ¨) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻœ (āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŽ āĻšā§‡āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§‡ " "āĻ…āĻĒā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻœā§‡āĻļāĻžāĻ¨)āĨ¤ \"Debug\" āĻāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡ āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/playground.md msgid "" "If you're interested, use \"ASM\" under \"...\" to see the generated " "assembly code." msgstr "" "āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°ā§€ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšā§€ āĻšāĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ \"...\" āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§ā§€āĻ¨ā§‡ " "\"ASM\" āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/hello-world/playground.md msgid "" "As students head into the break, encourage them to open up the playground " "and experiment a little. Encourage them to keep the tab open and try things " "out during the rest of the course. This is particularly helpful for advanced " "students who want to know more about Rust's optimizations or generated " "assembly." msgstr "" "āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻ–ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž-āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž " "āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦ āĻ–ā§‹āĻ˛āĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ " "āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻ¤ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ• āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° " "āĻ…āĻĒā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻœā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻœā§‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values.md msgid "[Hello, World](./types-and-values/hello-world.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹, āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻĄ](./types-and-values/hello-world.md) (ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/types-and-values.md msgid "[Variables](./types-and-values/variables.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ­ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¸](./types-and-values/variables.md) (ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/types-and-values.md msgid "[Values](./types-and-values/values.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨](./types-and-values/values.md) (ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/types-and-values.md msgid "[Arithmetic](./types-and-values/arithmetic.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤](./types-and-values/arithmetic.md) (ā§Š āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/types-and-values.md msgid "[Strings](./types-and-values/strings.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚](./types-and-values/strings.md) (ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/types-and-values.md msgid "[Type Inference](./types-and-values/inference.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ](./types-and-values/inference.md) (ā§Š āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/types-and-values.md msgid "[Exercise: Fibonacci](./types-and-values/exercise.md) (15 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: : āĻĢāĻŋāĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšāĻŋ](./types-and-values/exercise.md) (ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/types-and-values.md src/methods-and-traits.md src/iterators.md msgid "This segment should take about 45 minutes" msgstr "āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ā§Ēā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻŦā§‡" #: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "" "Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World " "program:" msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœāĻ¤āĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻāĻžāĻāĻĒ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ• āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻĄ " "āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ:" #: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "\"Hello 🌍!\"" msgstr "\"Hello 🌍!\"" #: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "What you see:" msgstr "āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āĻƒ" #: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "Functions are introduced with `fn`." msgstr "`fn` āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++." msgstr "" "āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ•āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻŋ++ āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‹āĻāĻ•āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻ¨ā§€ (āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¸) āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "The `main` function is the entry point of the program." msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿā§‡ `main` āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this." msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ•āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡, `println!` āĻāĻ°āĻ‡ āĻāĻ• āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character." msgstr "" "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ‰.āĻŸāĻŋ.āĻāĻĢ-ā§Ž āĻāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄā§‡āĻĄ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ° āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "" "This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will " "see a ton of it over the next four days so we start small with something " "familiar." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻĄāĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ° " "āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "" "Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is " "imperative and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless absolutely necessary." msgstr "" "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŋ/āĻ¸āĻŋ++/āĻœāĻžāĻ­āĻž āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹āĻ‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸ā§‚āĻšāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•ā§‡āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ " "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode." msgstr "āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•ā§‹āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻš āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "" "Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of " "arguments (no function [overloading](../control-flow-basics/functions.md))." msgstr "" "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ [āĻ“āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻ˛ā§‹āĻĄāĻŋāĻ‚](../control-flow-basics/functions.md) āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ " "āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻļā§€āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻ• āĻ†āĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "" "Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers " "from the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only [partially " "hygienic](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene." "html)." msgstr "" "āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ 'āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ°' āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‹āĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ " "āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° [āĻ†āĻ‚āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ°]" "(https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene.html)āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md msgid "" "Rust is multi-paradigm. For example, it has powerful [object-oriented " "programming features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop.html), and, " "while it is not a functional language, it includes a range of [functional " "concepts](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-features.html)." msgstr "" "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻŦāĻšā§-āĻĻā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĨ¤ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ā§€ [āĻ…āĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸ-āĻ“āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻĄ " "āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŦā§ˆāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop.html)," "āĻāĻŦāĻ‚, āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• [āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-features.html) āĻ“ āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/variables.md msgid "" "Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are made with " "`let`:" msgstr "" "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻŋāĻ• āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒāĻŋāĻ‚āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻ‚ " "`let` āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ:" #: src/types-and-values/variables.md src/control-flow-basics/loops/for.md #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md msgid "\"x: {x}\"" msgstr "\"x: {x}\"" #: src/types-and-values/variables.md msgid "// x = 20;" msgstr "// x = 20;" #: src/types-and-values/variables.md msgid "// println!(\"x: {x}\");" msgstr "// println!(\"x: {x}\");" #: src/types-and-values/variables.md msgid "" "Uncomment the `x = 20` to demonstrate that variables are immutable by " "default. Add the `mut` keyword to allow changes." msgstr "" "āĻ­ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ—āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒā§‡ āĻ…āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ `x = 20` āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ¨āĻ•āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ " "āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ `mut` āĻ•ā§€āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/variables.md msgid "" "The `i32` here is the type of the variable. This must be known at compile " "time, but type inference (covered later) allows the programmer to omit it in " "many cases." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ `i32` āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ " "āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ (āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤) āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "" "Here are some basic built-in types, and the syntax for literal values of " "each type." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°āĻŋāĻ• āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ " "āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/values.md src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "Types" msgstr "Types" #: src/types-and-values/values.md src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "Literals" msgstr "Literals" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "Signed integers" msgstr "Signed integers" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`" msgstr "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`" msgstr "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "Unsigned integers" msgstr "Unsigned integers" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`" msgstr "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`" msgstr "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "Floating point numbers" msgstr "Floating point numbers" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`f32`, `f64`" msgstr "`f32`, `f64`" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`" msgstr "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "Unicode scalar values" msgstr "Unicode scalar values" #: src/types-and-values/values.md src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "`char`" msgstr "`char`" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`'a'`, `'Îą'`, `'∞'`" msgstr "`'a'`, `'Îą'`, `'∞'`" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "Booleans" msgstr "Booleans" #: src/types-and-values/values.md src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "`bool`" msgstr "`bool`" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`true`, `false`" msgstr "`true`, `false`" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "The types have widths as follows:" msgstr "āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ° āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ āĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ:" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide," msgstr "`iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide," #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer," msgstr "`isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer," #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`char` is 32 bits wide," msgstr "`char` āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ ā§Šā§¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŸ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤," #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "`bool` is 8 bits wide." msgstr "`bool` āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ ā§Ž āĻŦāĻŋāĻŸ āĻšā§Œā§œāĻžāĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "There are a few syntaxes which are not shown above:" msgstr "āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĻŋāĻƒ" #: src/types-and-values/values.md msgid "" "All underscores in numbers can be left out, they are for legibility only. So " "`1_000` can be written as `1000` (or `10_00`), and `123_i64` can be written " "as `123i64`." msgstr "" "āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‹āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĨ¤ " "āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ `1_000` āĻ•ā§‡ `1000` (āĻŦāĻž `10_00`) āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ `123_i64` āĻ•ā§‡ " "`123i64` āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md msgid "\"result: {}\"" msgstr "\"result: {}\"" #: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md msgid "" "This is the first time we've seen a function other than `main`, but the " "meaning should be clear: it takes three integers, and returns an integer. " "Functions will be covered in more detail later." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž " "āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤: āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ " "āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ°ā§āĻšāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md msgid "Arithmetic is very similar to other languages, with similar precedence." msgstr "āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŸāĻŋāĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md msgid "" "What about integer overflow? In C and C++ overflow of _signed_ integers is " "actually undefined, and might do different things on different platforms or " "compilers. In Rust, it's defined." msgstr "" "āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻ“āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡? āĻ¸āĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻŋ++ -āĻ āĻšāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻ“āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ " "āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ " "āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md msgid "" "Change the `i32`'s to `i16` to see an integer overflow, which panics " "(checked) in a debug build and wraps in a release build. There are other " "options, such as overflowing, saturating, and carrying. These are accessed " "with method syntax, e.g., `(a * b).saturating_add(b * c).saturating_add(c * " "a)`." msgstr "" "āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻ“āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ— āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ " "āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ¤āĻ‚āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ (āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•) āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§ā§œāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ " "āĻĻā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ“ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ“āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§‹ (āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻšā§‡ āĻĒā§œāĻž), " "āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ‚ (āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻĒā§ƒāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚ (āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž)āĨ¤ āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ—āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ " "āĻāĻ°āĻ–āĻŽ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻŽā§‡āĻĨāĻĄ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻ¸ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ `(a * b).saturating_add(b * c)." "saturating_add(c * a)`āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md msgid "" "In fact, the compiler will detect overflow of constant expressions, which is " "why the example requires a separate function." msgstr "" "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻĒāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡, āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ§ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ• āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ“āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡, āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° " "āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "" "Rust has two types to represent strings, both of which will be covered in " "more depth later. Both _always_ store UTF-8 encoded strings." msgstr "" "āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āĻ°āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ " "āĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ _āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿā§‡_ āĻ‡āĻ‰.āĻŸāĻŋ.āĻāĻĢ-ā§Ž āĻāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "`String` - a modifiable, owned string." msgstr "`String` - āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯, āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "`&str` - a read-only string. String literals have this type." msgstr "`&str` - āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ āĻ¨āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚āĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "\"Greetings\"" msgstr "\"Greetings\"" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "\"đŸĒ\"" msgstr "\"đŸĒ\"" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "\", \"" msgstr "\", \"" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "\"final sentence: {}\"" msgstr "\"final sentence: {}\"" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md #: src/methods-and-traits/traits/associated-types.md #: src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "\"{:?}\"" msgstr "\"{:?}\"" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "//println!(\"{:?}\", &sentence[12..13]);" msgstr "//println!(\"{:?}\", &sentence[12..13]);" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "" "This slide introduces strings. Everything here will be covered in more depth " "later, but this is enough for subsequent slides and exercises to use strings." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻĄ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āĻ°āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡, " "āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯,āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĨā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "Invalid UTF-8 in a string is UB, and this not allowed in safe Rust." msgstr "" "UB āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ‰.āĻŸāĻŋ.āĻāĻĢ-ā§Ž āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚-āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻ° āĻ­ā§‡āĻ¤āĻ°ā§‡ " "āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "" "`String` is a user-defined type with a constructor (`::new()`) and methods " "like `s.push_str(..)`." msgstr "" "`String` āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻ° (`::new()`) āĻ¸āĻš āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€-āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ " "āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ `s.push_str(..)` -āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻŽā§‡āĻĨāĻĄ āĻ“ āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "" "The `&` in `&str` indicates that this is a reference. We will cover " "references later, so for now just think of `&str` as a unit meaning \"a read-" "only string\"." msgstr "" "`&str` āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ°ā§‡āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻž āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž `&` āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ " "āĻ°ā§‡āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŦā§‹ , āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻ¤ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ `&str` āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ \"āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ " "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ¯āĻž āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻĒāĻ āĻ¨āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ \"āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "" "The commented-out line is indexing into the string by byte position. " "`12..13` does not end on a character boundary, so the program panics. Adjust " "it to a range that does, based on the error message." msgstr "" "āĻ•āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻŸ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻĄā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ `12..13` āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ " "āĻĒā§œā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻ†āĻ¤āĻ™ā§āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ " "āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "" "Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: " "`r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal " "amount of `#` on either side of the quotes:" msgstr "" "Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: " "`r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal " "amount of `#` on either side of the quotes:" #: src/types-and-values/strings.md msgid "" "Using `{:?}` is a convenient way to print array/vector/struct of values for " "debugging purposes, and it's commonly used in code." msgstr "" "`{:?}` āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻĄāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡/āĻ­ā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻ°/āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•āĻŸ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ " "āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻœāĻ¨āĻ• āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/inference.md msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:" msgstr "" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡:" #: src/types-and-values/inference.md msgid "" "This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on " "constraints given by variable declarations and usages." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻĄāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻļā§€āĻ˛ āĻ˜ā§‹āĻˇāĻŖāĻž " "āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/inference.md msgid "" "It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not " "of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can hold any data. The machine " "code generated by such declaration is identical to the explicit declaration " "of a type. The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise " "code." msgstr "" "āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻœā§‹āĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡āĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ˜ā§‹āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻĄāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• " "\"āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ°\" āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻĄā§‡āĻŸāĻž āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ˜ā§‹āĻˇāĻŖāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ " "āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ˜ā§‹āĻˇāĻŖāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ " "āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/inference.md msgid "" "When nothing constrains the type of an integer literal, Rust defaults to " "`i32`. This sometimes appears as `{integer}` in error messages. Similarly, " "floating-point literals default to `f64`." msgstr "" "āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻ‡ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ§āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ `i32` " "āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ­ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ `{integer}` āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ " "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡, āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻŸāĻŋāĻ‚-āĻĒāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§‡ `f64` āĻ āĻ­ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/inference.md msgid "// ERROR: no implementation for `{float} == {integer}`" msgstr "// ERROR: no implementation for `{float} == {integer}`" #: src/types-and-values/exercise.md msgid "" "The first and second Fibonacci numbers are both `1`. For n>2, the n'th " "Fibonacci number is calculated recursively as the sum of the n-1'th and " "n-2'th Fibonacci numbers." msgstr "" "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĢāĻŋāĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻšāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ `1`āĨ¤ n>ā§¨ āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, n'āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻĢāĻŋāĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻšāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻŋ " "n-ā§§ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ n-ā§¨'āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻĢāĻŋāĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻšāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻĢāĻ˛ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤" #: src/types-and-values/exercise.md msgid "" "Write a function `fib(n)` that calculates the n'th Fibonacci number. When " "will this function panic?" msgstr "" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻ¨ `fib(n)` āĻ¯āĻž n'th āĻĢāĻŋāĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻšāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ " "āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡?" #: src/types-and-values/exercise.md msgid "// The base case." msgstr "// The base case." #: src/types-and-values/exercise.md src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "\"Implement this\"" msgstr "\"Implement this\"" #: src/types-and-values/exercise.md msgid "// The recursive case." msgstr "// The recursive case." #: src/types-and-values/exercise.md src/types-and-values/solution.md msgid "\"fib(n) = {}\"" msgstr "\"fib(n) = {}\"" #: src/control-flow-basics.md msgid "[if Expressions](./control-flow-basics/if.md) (4 minutes)" msgstr "[if āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ](./control-flow-basics/if.md) (ā§Ē āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/control-flow-basics.md msgid "[Loops](./control-flow-basics/loops.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ](./control-flow-basics/loops.md) (ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/control-flow-basics.md msgid "" "[break and continue](./control-flow-basics/break-continue.md) (4 minutes)" msgstr "" "[break āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ continue](./control-flow-basics/break-continue.md) (ā§Ē āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/control-flow-basics.md msgid "" "[Blocks and Scopes](./control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‹āĻĒ](./control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md) (ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/control-flow-basics.md msgid "[Functions](./control-flow-basics/functions.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨](./control-flow-basics/functions.md) (ā§Š āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/control-flow-basics.md msgid "[Macros](./control-flow-basics/macros.md) (2 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹](./control-flow-basics/macros.md) (ā§¨ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/control-flow-basics.md msgid "" "[Exercise: Collatz Sequence](./control-flow-basics/exercise.md) (15 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€: āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻœ āĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽ](./control-flow-basics/exercise.md) (ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/control-flow-basics.md src/generics.md src/modules.md msgid "This segment should take about 40 minutes" msgstr "āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻŦā§‡" #: src/control-flow-basics/if.md msgid "`if` expressions" msgstr "`if` āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ" #: src/control-flow-basics/if.md msgid "" "You use [`if` expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" "if-expr.html#if-expressions) exactly like `if` statements in other languages:" msgstr "" "[`if` āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-expr." "html#if-expressions) āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ° `if` āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻšā§Ÿ " "āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡:" #: src/control-flow-basics/if.md msgid "\"zero!\"" msgstr "\"zero!\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/if.md msgid "\"biggish\"" msgstr "\"biggish\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/if.md msgid "\"huge\"" msgstr "\"huge\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/if.md msgid "" "In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each " "block becomes the value of the `if` expression:" msgstr "" "āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ `if` āĻ•ā§‡āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° " "āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ `if` āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:" #: src/control-flow-basics/if.md msgid "\"small\"" msgstr "\"small\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/if.md msgid "\"large\"" msgstr "\"large\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/if.md msgid "\"number size: {}\"" msgstr "\"number size: {}\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/if.md msgid "" "Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its " "branch blocks must have the same type. Show what happens if you add `;` " "after `\"small\"` in the second example." msgstr "" "āĻ¯ā§‡āĻšā§‡āĻ¤ā§ `if` āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧ " "āĻļāĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ `\"small\"` āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ `;` āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— " "āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/if.md msgid "" "When `if` is used in an expression, the expression must have a `;` to " "separate it from the next statement. Remove the `;` before `println!` to see " "the compiler error." msgstr "" "āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ `if` āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ `;` " "āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ " "`println!` āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ `;` āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md msgid "There are three looping keywords in Rust: `while`, `loop`, and `for`:" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§€āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡: `while`, `loop`, āĻ“ `for`:" #: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md msgid "`while`" msgstr "`while`" #: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md msgid "" "The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-" "expr.html#predicate-loops) works much like in other languages, executing the " "loop body as long as the condition is true." msgstr "" "[`while` āĻ•ā§€āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr." "html#predicate-loops) āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ° `while` āĻ•ā§€āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, " "āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻ¤āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md msgid "\"Final x: {x}\"" msgstr "\"Final x: {x}\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/loops/for.md msgid "" "The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) iterates " "over ranges of values or the items in a collection:" msgstr "" "[`for` āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° " "āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ‡āĻŸā§‡āĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡:" #: src/control-flow-basics/loops/for.md msgid "\"elem: {elem}\"" msgstr "\"elem: {elem}\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/loops/for.md msgid "" "Under the hood `for` loops use a concept called \"iterators\" to handle " "iterating over different kinds of ranges/collections. Iterators will be " "discussed in more detail later." msgstr "" "`āĻĢāĻ°` āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ°ā§‡āĻžā§āĻœ/āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ \"āĻ‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻŸāĻ°\" āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻ• " "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻŸāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻĻā§‡ āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/loops/for.md msgid "" "Note that the `for` loop only iterates to `4`. Show the `1..=5` syntax for " "an inclusive range." msgstr "" "āĻ‡āĻŸāĻž āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¯ā§‡ `for` -āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° `4` āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ `5` " "āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ `1..=5` āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/loops/loop.md msgid "" "The [`loop` statement](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.loop.html) just " "loops forever, until a `break`." msgstr "" "`break` āĻ¨āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ [`loop` statement](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.loop.html)āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/loops/loop.md msgid "\"{i}\"" msgstr "\"{i}\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md msgid "" "If you want to immediately start the next iteration use [`continue`](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ [`continue`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-" "expressions) āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md msgid "" "If you want to exit any kind of loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-" "lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions). For " "`loop`, this can take an optional expression that becomes the value of the " "`loop` expression." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ [`break`](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions) " "āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ `loop` āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž `loop` " "āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md src/std-traits/exercise.md #: src/std-traits/solution.md src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md #: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md #: src/android/build-rules/library.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "\"{}\"" msgstr "\"{}\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue/labels.md msgid "" "Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is " "used to break out of nested loops:" msgstr "" "'continue' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'break' āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˛ā§‡āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻĄ " "āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ:" #: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue/labels.md msgid "\"elements searched: {elements_searched}\"" msgstr "\"elements searched: {elements_searched}\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue/labels.md msgid "" "Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which returns a non-trivial " "value. This is because it's guaranteed to be entered at least once (unlike " "`while` and `for` loops)." msgstr "" "`while` āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ `for` āĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ¤ `loop` āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° " "āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…-āĻ¤ā§āĻšā§āĻ› āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md msgid "Blocks" msgstr "Blocks" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md msgid "" "A block in Rust contains a sequence of expressions, enclosed by braces `{}`. " "Each block has a value and a type, which are those of the last expression of " "the block:" msgstr "" "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž `{}` āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻ¨ā§€ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻŦāĻĻā§āĻ§āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ " "āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž " "āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤:" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md msgid "\"y: {y}\"" msgstr "\"y: {y}\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md msgid "" "If the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is " "`()`." msgstr "" "āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ `;` āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ `()`āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md msgid "" "You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in " "the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ " "āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻž/āĻŽā§āĻ›ā§‡ āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ `āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨` āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° " "āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md msgid "A variable's scope is limited to the enclosing block." msgstr "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‹āĻĒ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ˜ā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āĻ§āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md msgid "" "You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from " "the same scope:" msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‹āĻĒ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° " "āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‹āĻĒ āĻ‰āĻ­ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ:" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md msgid "\"before: {a}\"" msgstr "\"before: {a}\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md #: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "\"hello\"" msgstr "\"hello\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md msgid "\"inner scope: {a}\"" msgstr "\"inner scope: {a}\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md msgid "\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\"" msgstr "\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md msgid "\"after: {a}\"" msgstr "\"after: {a}\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md msgid "" "Show that a variable's scope is limited by adding a `b` in the inner block " "in the last example, and then trying to access it outside that block." msgstr "" "āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ¤āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ `b` āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° " "āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‹āĻĒ āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md msgid "" "Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing both " "variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available under " "the same name, depending where you use it in the code." msgstr "" "āĻ›āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻĢāĻžā§Ž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ›āĻžā§ŸāĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°-" "āĻ‡ āĻŽā§‡āĻŽāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° " "āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦā§āĻ§āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md msgid "A shadowing variable can have a different type." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ›āĻžā§ŸāĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ " "āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md msgid "" "Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values " "after `.unwrap()`." msgstr "" "āĻ›āĻžā§ŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ `.unwrap()` āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ " "āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻœāĻ¨āĻ•āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md msgid "" "Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some " "programming languages), then a return type." msgstr "" "āĻ˜ā§‹āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ (āĻāĻ‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ° " "āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻžā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ¤) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md msgid "" "The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return " "value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression. The `return` " "keyword can be used for early return, but the \"bare value\" form is " "idiomatic at the end of a function (refactor `gcd` to use a `return`)." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŋ (āĻŦāĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ•) āĻāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻĢā§‡āĻ°āĻ¤āĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ " "āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ `;` āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤ `return` āĻ•ā§€āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ " "āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ \"āĻŦā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§\" āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŸāĻŋ " "āĻŦāĻžāĻ—ā§āĻŦā§ˆāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻ¤ (`gcd` āĻŸāĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ `return` āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨)āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md msgid "" "Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The " "compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted." msgstr "" "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž 'āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ ' āĻŦāĻž `()` " "āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡-āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ `-> ()` " "āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md msgid "" "Overloading is not supported -- each function has a single implementation." msgstr "āĻ“āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻ˛ā§‹āĻĄāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ -- āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md msgid "" "Always takes a fixed number of parameters. Default arguments are not " "supported. Macros can be used to support variadic functions." msgstr "" "āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻ• āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ āĻĄāĻŋāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āĻŸ āĻ†āĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĨ¤ " "āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻŦā§ˆāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ŸāĻžāĻĄāĻŋāĻ• āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md msgid "" "Always takes a single set of parameter types. These types can be generic, " "which will be covered later." msgstr "" "āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸ-āĻ‡ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ• āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ " "āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md msgid "" "Macros are expanded into Rust code during compilation, and can take a " "variable number of arguments. They are distinguished by a `!` at the end. " "The Rust standard library includes an assortment of useful macros." msgstr "" "āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻļā§€āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻ• " "āĻ†āĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ `!` āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž " "āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ­ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md msgid "" "`println!(format, ..)` prints a line to standard output, applying formatting " "described in [`std::fmt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html)." msgstr "" "[`std::fmt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html) āĻ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ " "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ `println!(format, ..)` āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ†āĻ‰āĻŸāĻĒā§āĻŸā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md msgid "" "`format!(format, ..)` works just like `println!` but returns the result as a " "string." msgstr "" "`format!(format, ..)` āĻ āĻŋāĻ• `println!` āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ " "āĻĢāĻ˛āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md msgid "`dbg!(expression)` logs the value of the expression and returns it." msgstr "`dbg!(expression)` āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĢā§‡āĻ°āĻ¤ āĻĻā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md msgid "" "`todo!()` marks a bit of code as not-yet-implemented. If executed, it will " "panic." msgstr "" "`todo!()` āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ•āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ā§‹-āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻšāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ " "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ†āĻ¤āĻ™ā§āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md msgid "" "`unreachable!()` marks a bit of code as unreachable. If executed, it will " "panic." msgstr "" "`unreachable!()` āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§ŒāĻāĻ›āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻšāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ " "āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ†āĻ¤āĻ™ā§āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md msgid "\"{n}! = {}\"" msgstr "\"{n}! = {}\"" #: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md msgid "" "The takeaway from this section is that these common conveniences exist, and " "how to use them. Why they are defined as macros, and what they expand to, is " "not especially critical." msgstr "" "āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ " "āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ " "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md msgid "" "The course does not cover defining macros, but a later section will describe " "use of derive macros." msgstr "" "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ—ā§‡ " "āĻĄā§‡āĻ°āĻžāĻ‡āĻ­ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "" "The [Collatz Sequence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture) is " "defined as follows, for an arbitrary n" msgstr "" "[Collatz āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ•ā§‹āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture) āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ¨āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ " "āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ n āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "1" msgstr "ā§§" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid " greater than zero:" msgstr "āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ:" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "If _n" msgstr "If _n" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "i" msgstr "i" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "_ is 1, then the sequence terminates at _n" msgstr "1 āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŸāĻŋ _n āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "_." msgstr "_." #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "_ is even, then _n" msgstr "_ āĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ , āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ _n" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "i+1" msgstr "i+1" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid " = n" msgstr " = n" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid " / 2_." msgstr " /2_." #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "_ is odd, then _n" msgstr "_ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ _n" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid " = 3 * n" msgstr " = 3 * n" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid " + 1_." msgstr " + 1_." #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "For example, beginning with _n" msgstr "āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, _n āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "_ = 3:" msgstr "_ = 3:" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "3 is odd, so _n" msgstr "3 āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ _n" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "2" msgstr "2" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "_ = 3 * 3 + 1 = 10;" msgstr "_ = 3 * 3 + 1 = 10;" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "10 is even, so _n" msgstr "10 āĻœā§‹āĻĄāĻŧ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ _n" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "3" msgstr "3" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "_ = 10 / 2 = 5;" msgstr "_ = 10 / 2 = 5;" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "5 is odd, so _n" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "4" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "_ = 3 * 5 + 1 = 16;" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "16 is even, so _n" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "5" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "_ = 16 / 2 = 8;" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "8 is even, so _n" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "6" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "_ = 8 / 2 = 4;" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "4 is even, so _n" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "7" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "_ = 4 / 2 = 2;" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "2 is even, so _n" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "8" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "_ = 1; and" msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "the sequence terminates." msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md msgid "" "Write a function to calculate the length of the collatz sequence for a given " "initial `n`." msgstr "" #: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/control-flow-basics/solution.md msgid "/// Determine the length of the collatz sequence beginning at `n`.\n" msgstr "/// Determine the length of the collatz sequence beginning at `n`.\n" #: src/control-flow-basics/solution.md src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md msgid "\"Length: {}\"" msgstr "\"Length: {}\"" #: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md #: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md msgid "Welcome Back" msgstr "āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽ" #: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md msgid "[Tuples and Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays.md) (35 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻŸāĻŋāĻ‰āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡](./tuples-and-arrays.md) (ā§Šā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md msgid "[References](./references.md) (35 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻ°ā§‡āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸](./references.md)(ā§Šā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md msgid "[User-Defined Types](./user-defined-types.md) (50 minutes)" msgstr "[āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ](./user-defined-types.md) (ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md msgid "" "Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 15 " "minutes" msgstr "ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻš āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ ā§¨ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻŦā§‡" #: src/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "" "[Tuples and Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" "[āĻŸāĻŋāĻ‰āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡](./tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md) (ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ)" #: src/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "[Array Iteration](./tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "" "[Patterns and Destructuring](./tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md) (5 " "minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "[Exercise: Nested Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md) (15 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays.md src/references.md msgid "This segment should take about 35 minutes" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "" "Tuples and arrays are the first \"compound\" types we have seen. All " "elements of an array have the same type, while tuples can accommodate " "different types. Both types have a size fixed at compile time." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "Arrays" msgstr "Arrays" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "`[T; N]`" msgstr "`[T; N]`" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`" msgstr "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "Tuples" msgstr "Tuples" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..." msgstr "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..." #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..." msgstr "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..." #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "Array assignment and access:" msgstr "āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¸:" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "Tuple assignment and access:" msgstr "Tuple assignment and access:" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "Arrays:" msgstr "āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡:" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "" "A value of the array type `[T; N]` holds `N` (a compile-time constant) " "elements of the same type `T`. Note that the length of the array is _part of " "its type_, which means that `[u8; 3]` and `[u8; 4]` are considered two " "different types. Slices, which have a size determined at runtime, are " "covered later." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "" "Try accessing an out-of-bounds array element. Array accesses are checked at " "runtime. Rust can usually optimize these checks away, and they can be " "avoided using unsafe Rust." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "We can use literals to assign values to arrays." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "" "The `println!` macro asks for the debug implementation with the `?` format " "parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug output. " "Types such as integers and strings implement the default output, but arrays " "only implement the debug output. This means that we must use debug output " "here." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "" "Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be " "easier to read." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "Tuples:" msgstr "Tuples:" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "" "Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, " "e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "" "The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, " "and the only valid value of that type --- that is to say both the type and " "its value are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a " "function or expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md msgid "" "You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other " "programming languages." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md msgid "The `for` statement supports iterating over arrays (but not tuples)." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md msgid "" "This functionality uses the `IntoIterator` trait, but we haven't covered " "that yet." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md msgid "" "The `assert_ne!` macro is new here. There are also `assert_eq!` and `assert!" "` macros. These are always checked while, debug-only variants like " "`debug_assert!` compile to nothing in release builds." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md msgid "" "When working with tuples and other structured values it's common to want to " "extract the inner values into local variables. This can be done manually by " "directly accessing the inner values:" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md msgid "\"left: {left}, right: {right}\"" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md msgid "" "However, Rust also supports using pattern matching to destructure a larger " "value into its constituent parts:" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md msgid "This works with any kind of structured value:" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md msgid "\"a: {a}, b: {b}\"" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md msgid "" "The patterns used here are \"irrefutable\", meaning that the compiler can " "statically verify that the value on the right of `=` has the same structure " "as the pattern." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md msgid "" "A variable name is an irrefutable pattern that always matches any value, " "hence why we can also use `let` to declare a single variable." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md msgid "" "Rust also supports using patterns in conditionals, allowing for equality " "comparison and destructuring to happen at the same time. This form of " "pattern matching will be discussed in more detail later." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md msgid "" "Edit the examples above to show the compiler error when the pattern doesn't " "match the value being matched on." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md msgid "Arrays can contain other arrays:" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md msgid "What is the type of this variable?" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md msgid "" "Use an array such as the above to write a function `transpose` which will " "transpose a matrix (turn rows into columns):" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md msgid "" "Copy the code below to and implement the " "functions:" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/borrowing/exercise.md #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation." msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md msgid "//\n" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md msgid "// <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md msgid "\"matrix: {:#?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md msgid "\"transposed: {:#?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/references.md msgid "[Shared References](./references/shared.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/references.md msgid "[Exclusive References](./references/exclusive.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/references.md msgid "[Exercise: Geometry](./references/exercise.md) (15 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/references/shared.md msgid "" "A reference provides a way to access another value without taking " "responsibility for the value, and is also called \"borrowing\". Shared " "references are read-only, and the referenced data cannot change." msgstr "" #: src/references/shared.md msgid "" "A shared reference to a type `T` has type `&T`. A reference value is made " "with the `&` operator. The `*` operator \"dereferences\" a reference, " "yielding its value." msgstr "" #: src/references/shared.md msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:" msgstr "" #: src/references/shared.md msgid "" "A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to, and this is a good " "model for students not familiar with pointers: code can use the reference to " "access the value, but is still \"owned\" by the original variable. The " "course will get into more detail on ownership in day 3." msgstr "" #: src/references/shared.md msgid "" "References are implemented as pointers, and a key advantage is that they can " "be much smaller than the thing they point to. Students familiar with C or C+" "+ will recognize references as pointers. Later parts of the course will " "cover how Rust prevents the memory-safety bugs that come from using raw " "pointers." msgstr "" #: src/references/shared.md msgid "" "Rust does not automatically create references for you - the `&` is always " "required." msgstr "" #: src/references/shared.md msgid "" "Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking " "methods (try `r.is_ascii()`). There is no need for an `->` operator like in " "C++." msgstr "" #: src/references/shared.md msgid "" "In this example, `r` is mutable so that it can be reassigned (`r = &b`). " "Note that this re-binds `r`, so that it refers to something else. This is " "different from C++, where assignment to a reference changes the referenced " "value." msgstr "" #: src/references/shared.md msgid "" "A shared reference does not allow modifying the value it refers to, even if " "that value was mutable. Try `*r = 'X'`." msgstr "" #: src/references/shared.md msgid "" "Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long " "enough. Dangling references cannot occur in safe Rust. `x_axis` would return " "a reference to `point`, but `point` will be deallocated when the function " "returns, so this will not compile." msgstr "" #: src/references/shared.md msgid "We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership." msgstr "" #: src/references/exclusive.md msgid "" "Exclusive references, also known as mutable references, allow changing the " "value they refer to. They have type `&mut T`." msgstr "" #: src/references/exclusive.md msgid "" "\"Exclusive\" means that only this reference can be used to access the " "value. No other references (shared or exclusive) can exist at the same time, " "and the referenced value cannot be accessed while the exclusive reference " "exists. Try making an `&point.0` or changing `point.0` while `x_coord` is " "alive." msgstr "" #: src/references/exclusive.md msgid "" "Be sure to note the difference between `let mut x_coord: &i32` and `let " "x_coord: &mut i32`. The first one represents a shared reference which can be " "bound to different values, while the second represents an exclusive " "reference to a mutable value." msgstr "" #: src/references/exercise.md msgid "" "We will create a few utility functions for 3-dimensional geometry, " "representing a point as `[f64;3]`. It is up to you to determine the function " "signatures." msgstr "" #: src/references/exercise.md msgid "" "// Calculate the magnitude of a vector by summing the squares of its " "coordinates" msgstr "" #: src/references/exercise.md msgid "" "// and taking the square root. Use the `sqrt()` method to calculate the " "square" msgstr "" #: src/references/exercise.md msgid "// root, like `v.sqrt()`." msgstr "" #: src/references/exercise.md msgid "" "// Normalize a vector by calculating its magnitude and dividing all of its" msgstr "" #: src/references/exercise.md msgid "// coordinates by that magnitude." msgstr "" #: src/references/exercise.md msgid "// Use the following `main` to test your work." msgstr "" #: src/references/exercise.md src/references/solution.md msgid "\"Magnitude of a unit vector: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/references/exercise.md src/references/solution.md msgid "\"Magnitude of {v:?}: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/references/exercise.md src/references/solution.md msgid "\"Magnitude of {v:?} after normalization: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/references/solution.md msgid "/// Calculate the magnitude of the given vector.\n" msgstr "" #: src/references/solution.md msgid "" "/// Change the magnitude of the vector to 1.0 without changing its " "direction.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types.md msgid "[Named Structs](./user-defined-types/named-structs.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types.md msgid "[Tuple Structs](./user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types.md msgid "[Enums](./user-defined-types/enums.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types.md msgid "" "[Static and Const](./user-defined-types/static-and-const.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types.md msgid "[Type Aliases](./user-defined-types/aliases.md) (2 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types.md msgid "" "[Exercise: Elevator Events](./user-defined-types/exercise.md) (15 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types.md src/borrowing.md msgid "This segment should take about 50 minutes" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md msgid "\"{} is {} years old\"" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"Peter\"" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md msgid "\"Avery\"" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md msgid "\"Jackie\"" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md src/user-defined-types/enums.md #: src/pattern-matching/match.md src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "Key Points:" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md msgid "Structs work like in C or C++." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md msgid "Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md msgid "Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md msgid "" "This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of " "structs." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md msgid "" "Zero-sized structs (e.g. `struct Foo;`) might be used when implementing a " "trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the " "value itself." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md msgid "" "The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are " "not important." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md msgid "" "If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the " "struct using a shorthand." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md msgid "" "The syntax `..avery` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the " "old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be " "the last element." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md msgid "\"({}, {})\"" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md msgid "\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\"" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "// ..." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md msgid "" "Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in " "a primitive type, for example:" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md msgid "The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md msgid "" "The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have " "to validate it again at every use: `PhoneNumber(String)` or `OddNumber(u32)`." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md msgid "" "Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the " "single field in the newtype." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md msgid "" "Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or " "for instance using booleans as integers." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md msgid "Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics)." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md msgid "" "The example is a subtle reference to the [Mars Climate Orbiter](https://en." "wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter) failure." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "" "The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few different " "variants:" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "// Simple variant" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "// Tuple variant" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "// Struct variant" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "\"On this turn: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md #, fuzzy msgid "Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type." msgstr "Byte strings allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "" "`Direction` is a type with variants. There are two values of `Direction`: " "`Direction::Left` and `Direction::Right`." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "" "`PlayerMove` is a type with three variants. In addition to the payloads, " "Rust will store a discriminant so that it knows at runtime which variant is " "in a `PlayerMove` value." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "This might be a good time to compare structs and enums:" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "" "In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one " "with different types of fields (variant payloads)." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "" "You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate " "structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were " "all defined in an enum." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "Rust uses minimal space to store the discriminant." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "If necessary, it stores an integer of the smallest required size" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "" "If the allowed variant values do not cover all bit patterns, it will use " "invalid bit patterns to encode the discriminant (the \"niche " "optimization\"). For example, `Option<&u8>` stores either a pointer to an " "integer or `NULL` for the `None` variant." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "" "You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "" "Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2 " "bytes." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md #: src/memory-management/review.md src/memory-management/move.md #: src/smart-pointers/box.md src/borrowing/shared.md msgid "More to Explore" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "" "Rust has several optimizations it can employ to make enums take up less " "space." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "" "Null pointer optimization: For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::()` equals " "`size_of::>()`." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/enums.md msgid "" "Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation _may_ look " "like in practice. It's important to note that the compiler provides no " "guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "" "Static and constant variables are two different ways to create globally-" "scoped values that cannot be moved or reallocated during the execution of " "the program." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "`const`" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "" "Constant variables are evaluated at compile time and their values are " "inlined wherever they are used:" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "" "According to the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" "vs-static.html) these are inlined upon use." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "" "Only functions marked `const` can be called at compile time to generate " "`const` values. `const` functions can however be called at runtime." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "`static`" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "" "Static variables will live during the whole execution of the program, and " "therefore will not move:" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md #, fuzzy msgid "\"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\"" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽ" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "\"{BANNER}\"" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "" "As noted in the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" "vs-static.html), these are not inlined upon use and have an actual " "associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, and " "the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution. When a " "globally-scoped value does not have a reason to need object identity, " "`const` is generally preferred." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "" "`static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable " "global variable in C++." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "" "`static` provides object identity: an address in memory and state as " "required by types with interior mutability such as `Mutex`." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "" "It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but " "it is helpful and safer than using a static." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "Properties table:" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "Property" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "Static" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "Constant" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "Has an address in memory" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "Yes" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "No (inlined)" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "Lives for the entire duration of the program" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "No" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "Can be mutable" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "Yes (unsafe)" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "Evaluated at compile time" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "Yes (initialised at compile time)" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "Inlined wherever it is used" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "" "Because `static` variables are accessible from any thread, they must be " "`Sync`. Interior mutability is possible through a [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-" "lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atomic or similar." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md msgid "Thread-local data can be created with the macro `std::thread_local`." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md msgid "" "A type alias creates a name for another type. The two types can be used " "interchangeably." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md msgid "// Aliases are more useful with long, complex types:" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md msgid "C programmers will recognize this as similar to a `typedef`." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md msgid "" "We will create a data structure to represent an event in an elevator control " "system. It is up to you to define the types and functions to construct " "various events. Use `#[derive(Debug)]` to allow the types to be formatted " "with `{:?}`." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md msgid "" "This exercise only requires creating and populating data structures so that " "`main` runs without errors. The next part of the course will cover getting " "data out of these structures." msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "" "/// An event in the elevator system that the controller must react to.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md msgid "// TODO: add required variants" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "/// A direction of travel.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "/// The car has arrived on the given floor.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "/// The car doors have opened.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "/// The car doors have closed.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "" "/// A directional button was pressed in an elevator lobby on the given " "floor.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "/// A floor button was pressed in the elevator car.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "\"A ground floor passenger has pressed the up button: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "\"The car has arrived on the ground floor: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "\"The car door opened: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "\"A passenger has pressed the 3rd floor button: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "\"The car door closed: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "\"The car has arrived on the 3rd floor: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "/// A button was pressed.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "/// The car has arrived at the given floor.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "/// The car's doors have opened.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "/// The car's doors have closed.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "/// A floor is represented as an integer.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "/// A user-accessible button.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "/// A button in the elevator lobby on the given floor.\n" msgstr "" #: src/user-defined-types/solution.md msgid "/// A floor button within the car.\n" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2.md msgid "Welcome to Day 2" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2.md msgid "" "Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, today will focus on Rust's type " "system:" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2.md msgid "Pattern matching: extracting data from structures." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2.md msgid "Methods: associating functions with types." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2.md msgid "Traits: behaviors shared by multiple types." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2.md msgid "Generics: parameterizing types on other types." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2.md msgid "" "Standard library types and traits: a tour of Rust's rich standard library." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2.md msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-2.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2.md msgid "[Pattern Matching](./pattern-matching.md) (1 hour)" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2.md msgid "[Methods and Traits](./methods-and-traits.md) (45 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2.md msgid "[Generics](./generics.md) (40 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2.md src/welcome-day-4.md msgid "" "Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 50 " "minutes" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching.md msgid "[Matching Values](./pattern-matching/match.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching.md msgid "[Destructuring](./pattern-matching/destructuring.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching.md msgid "[Let Control Flow](./pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching.md msgid "" "[Exercise: Expression Evaluation](./pattern-matching/exercise.md) (30 " "minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching.md src/memory-management.md src/testing.md msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "" "The `match` keyword lets you match a value against one or more _patterns_. " "The comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "'x'" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "'q'" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "\"Quitting\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md src/std-traits/solution.md #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "'a'" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "'s'" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "'w'" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "'d'" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "\"Moving around\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md src/error-handling/exercise.md #: src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "'0'" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md src/error-handling/exercise.md #: src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "'9'" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "\"Number input\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "\"Lowercase: {key}\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "\"Something else\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "" "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value. The " "expressions _must_ be exhaustive, meaning that it covers every possibility, " "so `_` is often used as the final catch-all case." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "" "Match can be used as an expression. Just like `if`, each match arm must have " "the same type. The type is the last expression of the block, if any. In the " "example above, the type is `()`." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "" "A variable in the pattern (`key` in this example) will create a binding that " "can be used within the match arm." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "A match guard causes the arm to match only if the condition is true." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "" "You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a " "pattern" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "`|` as an `or`" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "`..` can expand as much as it needs to be" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "`1..=5` represents an inclusive range" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "`_` is a wild card" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "" "Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when " "we wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone would " "allow." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "" "They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. " "An `if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the " "match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't " "result in other arms of the original `match` expression being considered." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/match.md msgid "" "The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern " "with an `|`." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "Like tuples, structs and enums can also be destructured by matching:" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "Structs" msgstr "Structs" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "\"y = {y}, other fields were ignored\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "" "Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is " "how you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple " "`enum` type:" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "" "Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first " "arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second " "arm, `msg` is bound to the error message." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "" "The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard to " "spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that it " "subtly doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "" "The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with " "a `match`." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "" "You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the " "errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is now " "inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "" "The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern " "matched." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "" "Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage " "the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are handled." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md msgid "" "Save the result of `divide_in_two` in the `result` variable and `match` it " "in a loop. That won't compile because `msg` is consumed when matched. To fix " "it, match `&result` instead of `result`. That will make `msg` a reference so " "it won't be consumed. This [\"match ergonomics\"](https://rust-lang.github." "io/rfcs/2005-match-ergonomics.html) appeared in Rust 2018. If you want to " "support older Rust, replace `msg` with `ref msg` in the pattern." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "" "Rust has a few control flow constructs which differ from other languages. " "They are used for pattern matching:" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "`if let` expressions" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md #, fuzzy msgid "`while let` expressions" msgstr "while let āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "`match` expressions" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "" "The [`if let` expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-" "expr.html#if-let-expressions) lets you execute different code depending on " "whether a value matches a pattern:" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "\"slept for {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md #, fuzzy msgid "`let else` expressions" msgstr "while let āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "" "For the common case of matching a pattern and returning from the function, " "use [`let else`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/" "let_else.html). The \"else\" case must diverge (`return`, `break`, or panic " "- anything but falling off the end of the block)." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "\"got None\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "\"got empty string\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "\"not a hex digit\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md msgid "\"result: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md src/generics/trait-bounds.md #: src/smart-pointers/solution.md src/testing/googletest.md #: src/testing/solution.md msgid "\"foo\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "" "Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) variant which " "repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "" "Here [`String::pop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/string/struct." "String.html#method.pop) returns `Some(c)` until the string is empty, after " "which it will return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through " "all items." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "if-let" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "" "Unlike `match`, `if let` does not have to cover all branches. This can make " "it more concise than `match`." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "" "Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "let-else" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "" "`if-let`s can pile up, as shown. The `let-else` construct supports " "flattening this nested code. Rewrite the awkward version for students, so " "they can see the transformation." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "The rewritten version is:" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "while-let" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "" "Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value " "matches the pattern." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md msgid "" "You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if " "statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `name.pop()`. The " "`while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md msgid "Let's write a simple recursive evaluator for arithmetic expressions." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md msgid "" "The `Box` type here is a smart pointer, and will be covered in detail later " "in the course. An expression can be \"boxed\" with `Box::new` as seen in the " "tests. To evaluate a boxed expression, use the deref operator (`*`) to " "\"unbox\" it: `eval(*boxed_expr)`." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md msgid "" "Some expressions cannot be evaluated and will return an error. The standard " "[`Result`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/result/enum.Result." "html) type is an enum that represents either a successful value " "(`Ok(Value)`) or an error (`Err(String)`). We will cover this type in detail " "later." msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md msgid "" "Copy and paste the code into the Rust playground, and begin implementing " "`eval`. The final product should pass the tests. It may be helpful to use " "`todo!()` and get the tests to pass one-by-one. You can also skip a test " "temporarily with `#[ignore]`:" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md msgid "" "If you finish early, try writing a test that results in division by zero or " "integer overflow. How could you handle this with `Result` instead of a panic?" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md msgid "/// An operation to perform on two subexpressions.\n" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md msgid "/// An expression, in tree form.\n" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md msgid "/// An operation on two subexpressions.\n" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md msgid "/// A literal value\n" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md msgid "\"division by zero\"" msgstr "" #: src/pattern-matching/solution.md msgid "\"expr: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits.md msgid "[Methods](./methods-and-traits/methods.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits.md msgid "[Traits](./methods-and-traits/traits.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits.md msgid "[Deriving](./methods-and-traits/deriving.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits.md msgid "" "[Exercise: Generic Logger](./methods-and-traits/exercise.md) (20 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "" "Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with " "an `impl` block:" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "// No receiver, a static method" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "// Exclusive borrowed read-write access to self" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "// Shared and read-only borrowed access to self" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\"" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\"" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "// Exclusive ownership of self" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "\"Monaco Grand Prix\"" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "// race.add_lap(42);" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "" "The `self` arguments specify the \"receiver\" - the object the method acts " "on. There are several common receivers for a method:" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "" "`&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable " "reference. The object can be used again afterwards." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "" "`&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable " "reference. The object can be used again afterwards." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "" "`self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The " "method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped " "(deallocated) when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly " "transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "`mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "" "No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to " "create constructors which are called `new` by convention." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "" "Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the " "first parameter represents the instance as `self`." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "" "Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver " "syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep " "all the implementation code in one predictable place." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "" "Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self: Self` and perhaps show how " "the struct name could also be used." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "" "Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and " "can be used elsewhere in the block." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "" "Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to " "refer to individual fields." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "" "This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` " "by trying to run `finish` twice." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md msgid "" "Beyond variants on `self`, there are also [special wrapper types](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) allowed to be " "receiver types, such as `Box`." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md msgid "" "Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md msgid "/// Return a sentence from this pet." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md msgid "/// Print a string to the terminal greeting this pet." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md msgid "" "A trait defines a number of methods that types must have in order to " "implement the trait." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md msgid "" "In the \"Generics\" segment, next, we will see how to build functionality " "that is generic over all types implementing a trait." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits/implementing.md #, fuzzy msgid "Implementing Traits" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ Traits āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits/implementing.md msgid "\"Oh you're a cutie! What's your name? {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits/implementing.md #: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "\"Woof, my name is {}!\"" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits/implementing.md #: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "\"Fido\"" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits/implementing.md msgid "" "To implement `Trait` for `Type`, you use an `impl Trait for Type { .. }` " "block." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits/implementing.md msgid "" "Unlike Go interfaces, just having matching methods is not enough: a `Cat` " "type with a `talk()` method would not automatically satisfy `Pet` unless it " "is in an `impl Pet` block." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits/implementing.md msgid "" "Traits may provide default implementations of some methods. Default " "implementations can rely on all the methods of the trait. In this case, " "`greet` is provided, and relies on `talk`." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits/associated-types.md msgid "" "Associated types allow are placeholder types which are filled in by the " "trait implementation." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits/associated-types.md msgid "" "Associated types are sometimes also called \"output types\". The key " "observation is that the implementer, not the caller, chooses this type." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/traits/associated-types.md msgid "" "Many standard library traits have associated types, including arithmetic " "operators and `Iterator`." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md msgid "" "Supported traits can be automatically implemented for your custom types, as " "follows:" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md msgid "// Default trait adds `default` constructor." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md msgid "// Clone trait adds `clone` method." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md msgid "\"EldurScrollz\"" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md msgid "// Debug trait adds support for printing with `{:?}`." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md msgid "\"{:?} vs. {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md msgid "" "Derivation is implemented with macros, and many crates provide useful derive " "macros to add useful functionality. For example, `serde` can derive " "serialization support for a struct using `#[derive(Serialize)]`." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md msgid "" "Let's design a simple logging utility, using a trait `Logger` with a `log` " "method. Code which might log its progress can then take an `&impl Logger`. " "In testing, this might put messages in the test logfile, while in a " "production build it would send messages to a log server." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md msgid "" "However, the `StderrLogger` given below logs all messages, regardless of " "verbosity. Your task is to write a `VerbosityFilter` type that will ignore " "messages above a maximum verbosity." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md msgid "" "This is a common pattern: a struct wrapping a trait implementation and " "implementing that same trait, adding behavior in the process. What other " "kinds of wrappers might be useful in a logging utility?" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md msgid "/// Log a message at the given verbosity level.\n" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md msgid "\"verbosity={verbosity}: {message}\"" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md msgid "\"FYI\"" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md msgid "\"Uhoh\"" msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md msgid "// TODO: Define and implement `VerbosityFilter`." msgstr "" #: src/methods-and-traits/solution.md msgid "/// Only log messages up to the given verbosity level.\n" msgstr "" #: src/generics.md msgid "[Generic Functions](./generics/generic-functions.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/generics.md msgid "[Generic Data Types](./generics/generic-data.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/generics.md msgid "[Trait Bounds](./generics/trait-bounds.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/generics.md msgid "[impl Trait](./generics/impl-trait.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/generics.md msgid "[Exercise: Generic min](./generics/exercise.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-functions.md msgid "" "Rust supports generics, which lets you abstract algorithms or data " "structures (such as sorting or a binary tree) over the types used or stored." msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-functions.md msgid "/// Pick `even` or `odd` depending on the value of `n`." msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-functions.md msgid "\"picked a number: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-functions.md msgid "\"picked a tuple: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-functions.md msgid "\"dog\"" msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-functions.md msgid "\"cat\"" msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-functions.md msgid "" "Rust infers a type for T based on the types of the arguments and return " "value." msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-functions.md msgid "" "This is similar to C++ templates, but Rust partially compiles the generic " "function immediately, so that function must be valid for all types matching " "the constraints. For example, try modifying `pick` to return `even + odd` if " "`n == 0`. Even if only the `pick` instantiation with integers is used, Rust " "still considers it invalid. C++ would let you do this." msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-functions.md msgid "" "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites. This " "is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you had " "hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction." msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-data.md msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:" msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-data.md msgid "// fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)" msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-data.md msgid "\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-data.md msgid "\"coords: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-data.md msgid "" "_Q:_ Why `T` is specified twice in `impl Point {}`? Isn't that " "redundant?" msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-data.md msgid "" "This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. " "They are independently generic." msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-data.md msgid "It means these methods are defined for any `T`." msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-data.md msgid "It is possible to write `impl Point { .. }`." msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-data.md msgid "" "`Point` is still generic and you can use `Point`, but methods in this " "block will only be available for `Point`." msgstr "" #: src/generics/generic-data.md msgid "" "Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`. Update the " "code to allow points that have elements of different types, by using two " "type variables, e.g., `T` and `U`." msgstr "" #: src/generics/trait-bounds.md msgid "" "When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement " "some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods." msgstr "" #: src/generics/trait-bounds.md msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:" msgstr "" #: src/generics/trait-bounds.md msgid "// struct NotClonable;" msgstr "" #: src/generics/trait-bounds.md msgid "\"{pair:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/generics/trait-bounds.md msgid "Try making a `NonClonable` and passing it to `duplicate`." msgstr "" #: src/generics/trait-bounds.md msgid "When multiple traits are necessary, use `+` to join them." msgstr "" #: src/generics/trait-bounds.md msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code." msgstr "" #: src/generics/trait-bounds.md msgid "It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters." msgstr "" #: src/generics/trait-bounds.md msgid "It has additional features making it more powerful." msgstr "" #: src/generics/trait-bounds.md msgid "" "If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can " "be arbitrary, like `Option`." msgstr "" #: src/generics/trait-bounds.md msgid "" "Note that Rust does not (yet) support specialization. For example, given the " "original `duplicate`, it is invalid to add a specialized `duplicate(a: u32)`." msgstr "" #: src/generics/impl-trait.md msgid "" "Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function " "arguments and return values:" msgstr "" #: src/generics/impl-trait.md msgid "// Syntactic sugar for:" msgstr "" #: src/generics/impl-trait.md msgid "// fn add_42_millions>(x: T) -> i32 {" msgstr "" #: src/generics/impl-trait.md msgid "\"{many}\"" msgstr "" #: src/generics/impl-trait.md msgid "\"{many_more}\"" msgstr "" #: src/generics/impl-trait.md msgid "\"debuggable: {debuggable:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/generics/impl-trait.md msgid "" "`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name. The " "meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions." msgstr "" #: src/generics/impl-trait.md msgid "" "For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a " "trait bound." msgstr "" #: src/generics/impl-trait.md msgid "" "For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that " "implements the trait, without naming the type. This can be useful when you " "don't want to expose the concrete type in a public API." msgstr "" #: src/generics/impl-trait.md msgid "" "Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` picks " "the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A " "function returning a generic type like `collect() -> B` can return any " "type satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with " "`let x: Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::" ">()`." msgstr "" #: src/generics/impl-trait.md msgid "" "What is the type of `debuggable`? Try `let debuggable: () = ..` to see what " "the error message shows." msgstr "" #: src/generics/exercise.md msgid "" "In this short exercise, you will implement a generic `min` function that " "determines the minimum of two values, using a `LessThan` trait." msgstr "" #: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md msgid "/// Return true if self is less than other.\n" msgstr "" #: src/generics/exercise.md msgid "// TODO: implement the `min` function used in `main`." msgstr "" #: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md msgid "\"Shapiro\"" msgstr "" #: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md msgid "\"Baumann\"" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md msgid "[Standard Library Types](./std-types.md) (1 hour and 20 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md msgid "[Standard Library Traits](./std-traits.md) (1 hour and 40 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md msgid "" "Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 3 hours and 10 " "minutes" msgstr "" #: src/std-types.md msgid "[Standard Library](./std-types/std.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-types.md msgid "[Documentation](./std-types/docs.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-types.md msgid "[Option](./std-types/option.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-types.md msgid "[Result](./std-types/result.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-types.md msgid "[String](./std-types/string.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-types.md msgid "[Vec](./std-types/vec.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-types.md msgid "[HashMap](./std-types/hashmap.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-types.md msgid "[Exercise: Counter](./std-types/exercise.md) (20 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-types.md msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 20 minutes" msgstr "" #: src/std-types.md msgid "" "For each of the slides in this section, spend some time reviewing the " "documentation pages, highlighting some of the more common methods." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/std.md msgid "" "Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common " "types used by Rust libraries and programs. This way, two libraries can work " "together smoothly because they both use the same `String` type." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/std.md msgid "" "In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, " "`alloc` and `std`." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/std.md msgid "" "`core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on " "`libc`, allocator or even the presence of an operating system." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/std.md msgid "" "`alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, " "`Box` and `Arc`." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/std.md msgid "" "Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/docs.md msgid "Rust comes with extensive documentation. For example:" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/docs.md msgid "" "All of the details about [loops](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/reference/" "expressions/loop-expr.html)." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/docs.md msgid "" "Primitive types like [`u8`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive." "u8.html)." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/docs.md msgid "" "Standard library types like [`Option`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/" "option/enum.Option.html) or [`BinaryHeap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/" "std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html)." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/docs.md msgid "In fact, you can document your own code:" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/docs.md msgid "" "/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second argument." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/docs.md src/testing/other.md #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "///" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/docs.md msgid "/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/docs.md msgid "" "The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are " "automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the [rustdoc]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is " "idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/docs.md msgid "" "To document an item from inside the item (such as inside a module), use `//!" "` or `/*! .. */`, called \"inner doc comments\":" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/docs.md msgid "" "//! This module contains functionality relating to divisibility of integers." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/docs.md msgid "" "Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at ." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/option.md #, fuzzy msgid "Option" msgstr "āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽ" #: src/std-types/option.md msgid "" "We have already seen some use of `Option`. It stores either a value of " "type `T` or nothing. For example, [`String::find`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "stable/std/string/struct.String.html#method.find) returns an `Option`." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/option.md msgid "\"LÃļwe 老虎 LÊopard Gepardi\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/option.md msgid "'Ê'" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/option.md msgid "\"find returned {position:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/option.md msgid "'Z'" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/option.md msgid "\"Character not found\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/option.md msgid "`Option` is widely used, not just in the standard library." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/option.md msgid "" "`unwrap` will return the value in an `Option`, or panic. `expect` is similar " "but takes an error message." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/option.md msgid "" "You can panic on None, but you can't \"accidentally\" forget to check for " "None." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/option.md msgid "" "It's common to `unwrap`/`expect` all over the place when hacking something " "together, but production code typically handles `None` in a nicer fashion." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/option.md msgid "" "The niche optimization means that `Option` often has the same size in " "memory as `T`." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/result.md msgid "Result" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/result.md msgid "" "`Result` is similar to `Option`, but indicates the success or failure of an " "operation, each with a different type. This is similar to the `Res` defined " "in the expression exercise, but generic: `Result` where `T` is used in " "the `Ok` variant and `E` appears in the `Err` variant." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/result.md msgid "\"diary.txt\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/result.md msgid "\"Dear diary: {contents} ({bytes} bytes)\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/result.md msgid "\"Could not read file content\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/result.md msgid "\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/result.md msgid "" "As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the " "developer to explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the " "case where an error should never happen, `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be " "called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/result.md msgid "" "`Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it " "is worth mentioning. It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions " "that help functional-style programming." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/result.md msgid "" "`Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on " "Day 3." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "String" msgstr "String" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "" "[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) is the " "standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md src/std-traits/read-and-write.md #: src/memory-management/review.md src/testing/unit-tests.md #: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md msgid "\"Hello\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "'!'" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "\"🇨🇭\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "" "`String` implements [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), which means that you can call " "all `str` methods on a `String`." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "" "`String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when " "you know how much data you want to push to the string." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "" "`String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be " "different from its length in characters)." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "" "`String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a " "`char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" due " "to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/" "unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "" "When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or " "`String`." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "" "When a type implements `Deref`, the compiler will let you " "transparently call methods from `T`." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "" "We haven't discussed the `Deref` trait yet, so at this point this mostly " "explains the structure of the sidebar in the documentation." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "" "`String` implements `Deref` which transparently gives it " "access to `str`'s methods." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1;`." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "" "`String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the " "operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but " "with some extra guarantees." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "Compare the different ways to index a `String`:" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "" "To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, " "out-of-bounds." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "" "To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character " "boundaries or not." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/string.md msgid "" "Many types can be converted to a string with the [`to_string`](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/std/string/trait.ToString.html#tymethod.to_string) method. " "This trait is automatically implemented for all types that implement " "`Display`, so anything that can be formatted can also be converted to a " "string." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/vec.md msgid "" "[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) is the standard " "resizable heap-allocated buffer:" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/vec.md msgid "\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/vec.md msgid "\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/vec.md msgid "// Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/vec.md msgid "// Retain only the even elements." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/vec.md msgid "\"{v3:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/vec.md msgid "// Remove consecutive duplicates." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/vec.md msgid "" "`Vec` implements [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/" "struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), which means that you can call slice " "methods on a `Vec`." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/vec.md msgid "" "`Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data " "it contains is stored on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't " "need to be known at compile time. It can grow or shrink at runtime." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/vec.md msgid "" "Notice how `Vec` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` " "explicitly. As always with Rust type inference, the `T` was established " "during the first `push` call." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/vec.md msgid "" "`vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it " "supports adding initial elements to the vector." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/vec.md msgid "" "To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. " "Alternatively, using `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will " "remove the last element." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/vec.md msgid "" "Slices are covered on day 3. For now, students only need to know that a " "value of type `Vec` gives access to all of the documented slice methods, too." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "\"Pride and Prejudice\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "\"Les MisÊrables\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "\"We know about {} books, but not Les MisÊrables.\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "\"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "\"{book}: {count} pages\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "\"{book} is unknown.\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "// Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "\"{page_counts:#?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "" "`HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "" "Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the " "hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will insert " "the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "\"The Hunger Games\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "" "Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-" "From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), which allows " "us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "" "Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-" "value tuples." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "" "We are showing `HashMap`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make " "examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be done, " "but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "" "Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still " "compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/hashmap.md msgid "" "This type has several \"method-specific\" return types, such as `std::" "collections::hash_map::Keys`. These types often appear in searches of the " "Rust docs. Show students the docs for this type, and the helpful link back " "to the `keys` method." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/exercise.md msgid "" "In this exercise you will take a very simple data structure and make it " "generic. It uses a [`std::collections::HashMap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "stable/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html) to keep track of which values " "have been seen and how many times each one has appeared." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/exercise.md msgid "" "The initial version of `Counter` is hard coded to only work for `u32` " "values. Make the struct and its methods generic over the type of value being " "tracked, that way `Counter` can track any type of value." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/exercise.md msgid "" "If you finish early, try using the [`entry`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "stable/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html#method.entry) method to halve the " "number of hash lookups required to implement the `count` method." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/exercise.md msgid "" "/// Counter counts the number of times each value of type T has been seen." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/exercise.md msgid "/// Create a new Counter." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/exercise.md msgid "/// Count an occurrence of the given value." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/exercise.md msgid "/// Return the number of times the given value has been seen." msgstr "" #: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md msgid "\"saw {} values equal to {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md msgid "\"apple\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md msgid "\"orange\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md msgid "\"got {} apples\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/solution.md msgid "" "/// Counter counts the number of times each value of type T has been seen.\n" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/solution.md msgid "/// Create a new Counter.\n" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/solution.md msgid "/// Count an occurrence of the given value.\n" msgstr "" #: src/std-types/solution.md msgid "/// Return the number of times the given value has been seen.\n" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits.md msgid "[Comparisons](./std-traits/comparisons.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits.md msgid "[Operators](./std-traits/operators.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits.md msgid "[From and Into](./std-traits/from-and-into.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits.md msgid "[Casting](./std-traits/casting.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits.md msgid "[Read and Write](./std-traits/read-and-write.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits.md msgid "[Default, struct update syntax](./std-traits/default.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits.md msgid "[Closures](./std-traits/closures.md) (20 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits.md msgid "[Exercise: ROT13](./std-traits/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits.md msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 40 minutes" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits.md msgid "" "As with the standard-library types, spend time reviewing the documentation " "for each trait." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits.md msgid "This section is long. Take a break midway through." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/comparisons.md msgid "" "These traits support comparisons between values. All traits can be derived " "for types containing fields that implement these traits." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/comparisons.md msgid "`PartialEq` and `Eq`" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/comparisons.md msgid "" "`PartialEq` is a partial equivalence relation, with required method `eq` and " "provided method `ne`. The `==` and `!=` operators will call these methods." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/comparisons.md msgid "" "`Eq` is a full equivalence relation (reflexive, symmetric, and transitive) " "and implies `PartialEq`. Functions that require full equivalence will use " "`Eq` as a trait bound." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/comparisons.md msgid "`PartialOrd` and `Ord`" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/comparisons.md msgid "" "`PartialOrd` defines a partial ordering, with a `partial_cmp` method. It is " "used to implement the `<`, `<=`, `>=`, and `>` operators." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/comparisons.md msgid "`Ord` is a total ordering, with `cmp` returning `Ordering`." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/comparisons.md msgid "" "`PartialEq` can be implemented between different types, but `Eq` cannot, " "because it is reflexive:" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/comparisons.md msgid "" "In practice, it's common to derive these traits, but uncommon to implement " "them." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/operators.md msgid "" "Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/operators.md msgid "\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/operators.md src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "Discussion points:" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/operators.md msgid "" "You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful?" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/operators.md msgid "" "Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are overloading " "the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading the operator for " "`&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the call site." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/operators.md msgid "" "Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter of the " "method?" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/operators.md msgid "" "Short answer: Function type parameters are controlled by the caller, but " "associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementer of a " "trait." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/operators.md msgid "" "You could implement `Add` for two different types, e.g. `impl Add<(i32, " "i32)> for Point` would add a tuple to a `Point`." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md msgid "" "Types implement [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From." "html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) to " "facilitate type conversions:" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md msgid "\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md msgid "" "[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) is " "automatically implemented when [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "convert/trait.From.html) is implemented:" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md msgid "" "That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get " "`Into` implementation too." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md msgid "" "When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be " "converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`. " "Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ " "implement `Into`." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/casting.md msgid "" "Rust has no _implicit_ type conversions, but does support explicit casts " "with `as`. These generally follow C semantics where those are defined." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/casting.md msgid "\"as u16: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/casting.md msgid "\"as i16: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/casting.md msgid "\"as u8: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/casting.md msgid "" "The results of `as` are _always_ defined in Rust and consistent across " "platforms. This might not match your intuition for changing sign or casting " "to a smaller type -- check the docs, and comment for clarity." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/casting.md msgid "" "Casting with `as` is a relatively sharp tool that is easy to use " "incorrectly, and can be a source of subtle bugs as future maintenance work " "changes the types that are used or the ranges of values in types. Casts are " "best used only when the intent is to indicate unconditional truncation (e.g. " "selecting the bottom 32 bits of a `u64` with `as u32`, regardless of what " "was in the high bits)." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/casting.md msgid "" "For infallible casts (e.g. `u32` to `u64`), prefer using `From` or `Into` " "over `as` to confirm that the cast is in fact infallible. For fallible " "casts, `TryFrom` and `TryInto` are available when you want to handle casts " "that fit differently from those that don't." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/casting.md msgid "Consider taking a break after this slide." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/casting.md msgid "" "`as` is similar to a C++ static cast. Use of `as` in cases where data might " "be lost is generally discouraged, or at least deserves an explanatory " "comment." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/casting.md msgid "This is common in casting integers to `usize` for use as an index." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md msgid "" "Using [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and " "[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), you can " "abstract over `u8` sources:" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md msgid "b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md msgid "\"lines in slice: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md msgid "\"lines in file: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md msgid "" "Similarly, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) lets " "you abstract over `u8` sinks:" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md msgid "\"\\n\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "\"World\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md msgid "\"Logged: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/default.md msgid "The `Default` Trait" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/default.md msgid "" "[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) trait " "produces a default value for a type." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/default.md msgid "\"John Smith\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/default.md msgid "\"{default_struct:#?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/default.md msgid "\"Y is set!\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/default.md msgid "\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/default.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "\"{:#?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/default.md msgid "" "It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/default.md msgid "" "A derived implementation will produce a value where all fields are set to " "their default values." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/default.md msgid "This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/default.md msgid "" "Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. " "`0`, `\"\"`, etc)." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/default.md msgid "The partial struct initialization works nicely with default." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/default.md msgid "" "The Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and " "provides convenience methods that use it." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/default.md msgid "" "The `..` syntax is called [struct update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-instances-from-other-instances-" "with-struct-update-syntax)." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "" "Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, " "they implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn." "html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and " "[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md #, fuzzy msgid "\"Calling function on {input}\"" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•āĻž" #: src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "\"add_3: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "\"accumulate: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "\"multiply_sum: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "" "An `Fn` (e.g. `add_3`) neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or " "perhaps captures nothing at all. It can be called multiple times " "concurrently." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "" "An `FnMut` (e.g. `accumulate`) might mutate captured values. You can call it " "multiple times, but not concurrently." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "" "If you have an `FnOnce` (e.g. `multiply_sum`), you may only call it once. It " "might consume captured values." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "" "`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. " "I.e. you can use an `FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can " "use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce` is called for." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "" "When you define a function that takes a closure, you should take `FnOnce` if " "you can (i.e. you call it once), or `FnMut` else, and last `Fn`. This allows " "the most flexibility for the caller." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "" "In contrast, when you have a closure, the most flexible you can have is `Fn` " "(it can be passed everywhere), then `FnMut`, and lastly `FnOnce`." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "" "The compiler also infers `Copy` (e.g. for `add_3`) and `Clone` (e.g. " "`multiply_sum`), depending on what the closure captures." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "" "By default, closures will capture by reference if they can. The `move` " "keyword makes them capture by value." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "\"{} {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "\"Hi\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/closures.md msgid "\"Greg\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/exercise.md msgid "" "In this example, you will implement the classic [\"ROT13\" cipher](https://" "en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13). Copy this code to the playground, and " "implement the missing bits. Only rotate ASCII alphabetic characters, to " "ensure the result is still valid UTF-8." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/exercise.md msgid "// Implement the `Read` trait for `RotDecoder`." msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/exercise.md src/std-traits/solution.md msgid "\"Gb trg gb gur bgure fvqr!\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/exercise.md src/std-traits/solution.md msgid "\"To get to the other side!\"" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/exercise.md msgid "" "What happens if you chain two `RotDecoder` instances together, each rotating " "by 13 characters?" msgstr "" #: src/std-traits/solution.md msgid "'A'" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-3.md msgid "Welcome to Day 3" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-3.md msgid "Today, we will cover:" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-3.md msgid "" "Memory management, lifetimes, and the borrow checker: how Rust ensures " "memory safety." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-3.md msgid "Smart pointers: standard library pointer types." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-3.md msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-3.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-3.md msgid "[Memory Management](./memory-management.md) (1 hour)" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-3.md msgid "[Smart Pointers](./smart-pointers.md) (55 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-3.md msgid "" "Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 20 " "minutes" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management.md msgid "[Review of Program Memory](./memory-management/review.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management.md msgid "" "[Approaches to Memory Management](./memory-management/approaches.md) (10 " "minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management.md msgid "[Ownership](./memory-management/ownership.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management.md msgid "[Move Semantics](./memory-management/move.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management.md msgid "[Clone](./memory-management/clone.md) (2 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management.md msgid "[Copy Types](./memory-management/copy-types.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management.md msgid "[Drop](./memory-management/drop.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management.md msgid "[Exercise: Builder Type](./memory-management/exercise.md) (20 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Programs allocate memory in two ways:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Values have fixed sizes known at compile time." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Easy to manage: follows function calls." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Great memory locality." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "No guarantee of memory locality." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "" "Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized metadata on the stack and dynamically " "sized data, the actual string, on the heap:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "" "Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and " "length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "" "If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap " "allocated using the [System Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/" "struct.System.html) and custom allocators can be implemented using the " "[Allocator API](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "" "We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` Rust. However, you should " "point out that this is rightfully unsafe!" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md src/testing/unit-tests.md msgid "' '" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "\"world\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "// DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "" "// String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead to" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/review.md #, fuzzy msgid "// undefined behavior." msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŽā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡:" #: src/memory-management/review.md msgid "\"capacity = {capacity}, ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ..." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "Programmer decides when to allocate or free heap memory." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "" "Programmer must determine whether a pointer still points to valid memory." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "Studies show, programmers make mistakes." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "" "Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, " "Haskell, ..." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "" "A runtime system ensures that memory is not freed until it can no longer be " "referenced." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "" "Typically implemented with reference counting, garbage collection, or RAII." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "Rust offers a new mix:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "" "Full control _and_ safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory " "management." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "" "This slide is intended to help students coming from other languages to put " "Rust in context." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "" "C must manage heap manually with `malloc` and `free`. Common errors include " "forgetting to call `free`, calling it multiple times for the same pointer, " "or dereferencing a pointer after the memory it points to has been freed." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "" "C++ has tools like smart pointers (`unique_ptr`, `shared_ptr`) that take " "advantage of language guarantees about calling destructors to ensure memory " "is freed when a function returns. It is still quite easy to mis-use these " "tools and create similar bugs to C." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "" "Java, Go, and Python rely on the garbage collector to identify memory that " "is no longer reachable and discard it. This guarantees that any pointer can " "be dereferenced, eliminating use-after-free and other classes of bugs. But, " "GC has a runtime cost and is difficult to tune properly." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/approaches.md msgid "" "Rust's ownership and borrowing model can, in many cases, get the performance " "of C, with alloc and free operations precisely where they are required -- " "zero cost. It also provides tools similar to C++'s smart pointers. When " "required, other options such as reference counting are available, and there " "are even third-party crates available to support runtime garbage collection " "(not covered in this class)." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/ownership.md msgid "" "All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error " "to use a variable outside its scope:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/ownership.md msgid "" "We say that the variable _owns_ the value. Every Rust value has precisely " "one owner at all times." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/ownership.md msgid "" "At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed. A " "destructor can run here to free up resources." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/ownership.md msgid "" "Students familiar with garbage-collection implementations will know that a " "garbage collector starts with a set of \"roots\" to find all reachable " "memory. Rust's \"single owner\" principle is a similar idea." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "An assignment will transfer _ownership_ between variables:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md #, fuzzy msgid "\"Hello!\"" msgstr "Hello World!" #: src/memory-management/move.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "\"s2: {s2}\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "// println!(\"s1: {s1}\");" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it does not own anything." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "Before move to `s2`:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "After move to `s2`:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" ": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n" ": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" ": s2 : |\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : |\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n" ": | len | 4 | :\n" ": | capacity | 4 | :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ :\n" ": :\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function " "parameter. This transfers ownership:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "\"Hello {name}\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md src/android/interoperability/java.md #, fuzzy msgid "\"Alice\"" msgstr "Slices" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "// say_hello(name);" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by " "value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!)." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "It is only the ownership that moves. Whether any machine code is generated " "to manipulate the data itself is a matter of optimization, and such copies " "are aggressively optimized away." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "Simple values (such as integers) can be marked `Copy` (see later slides)." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "In the `say_hello` example:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. " "Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the " "`say_hello` function." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "`main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and " "if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name." "clone()`)." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move " "semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md #, fuzzy msgid "Defensive Copies in Modern C++" msgstr "āĻ†āĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• C++ āĻ āĻĄāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "\"Cpp\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "// Duplicate the data in s1." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "Before copy-assignment:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "After copy-assignment:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "C++ has made a slightly different choice than Rust. Because `=` copies data, " "the string data has to be cloned. Otherwise we would get a double-free when " "either string goes out of scope." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "C++ also has [`std::move`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/move), " "which is used to indicate when a value may be moved from. If the example had " "been `s2 = std::move(s1)`, no heap allocation would take place. After the " "move, `s1` would be in a valid but unspecified state. Unlike Rust, the " "programmer is allowed to keep using `s1`." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/move.md msgid "" "Unlike Rust, `=` in C++ can run arbitrary code as determined by the type " "which is being copied or moved." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/clone.md msgid "Clone" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/clone.md msgid "" "Sometimes you _want_ to make a copy of a value. The `Clone` trait " "accomplishes this." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/clone.md msgid "" "The idea of `Clone` is to make it easy to spot where heap allocations are " "occurring. Look for `.clone()` and a few others like `Vec::new` or `Box::" "new`." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/clone.md msgid "" "It's common to \"clone your way out\" of problems with the borrow checker, " "and return later to try to optimize those clones away." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "" "While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "" "Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on " "arbitrary objects." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "" "Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++)." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "" "Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by " "implementing the `Clone` trait." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "In the above example, try the following:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "" "Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` " "is not a `Copy` type." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "" "Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the " "`println!` for `p1`." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/copy-types.md msgid "Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "The `Drop` Trait" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "" "Values which implement [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop." "html) can specify code to run when they go out of scope:" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "\"Dropping {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "\"a\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md src/testing/googletest.md msgid "\"b\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "\"c\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "\"d\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "\"Exiting block B\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "\"Exiting block A\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "\"Exiting main\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "Note that `std::mem::drop` is not the same as `std::ops::Drop::drop`." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "Values are automatically dropped when they go out of scope." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "" "When a value is dropped, if it implements `std::ops::Drop` then its `Drop::" "drop` implementation will be called." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "" "All its fields will then be dropped too, whether or not it implements `Drop`." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "" "`std::mem::drop` is just an empty function that takes any value. The " "significance is that it takes ownership of the value, so at the end of its " "scope it gets dropped. This makes it a convenient way to explicitly drop " "values earlier than they would otherwise go out of scope." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "" "This can be useful for objects that do some work on `drop`: releasing locks, " "closing files, etc." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "" "Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of the " "block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack overflow!" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/drop.md msgid "Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md msgid "" "In this example, we will implement a complex data type that owns all of its " "data. We will use the \"builder pattern\" to support building a new value " "piece-by-piece, using convenience functions." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md msgid "Fill in the missing pieces." msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "/// A representation of a software package.\n" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "" "/// Return a representation of this package as a dependency, for use in\n" " /// building other packages.\n" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md msgid "\"1\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "" "/// A builder for a Package. Use `build()` to create the `Package` itself.\n" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md msgid "\"2\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "/// Set the package version.\n" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "/// Set the package authors.\n" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md msgid "\"3\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "/// Add an additional dependency.\n" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md msgid "\"4\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "/// Set the language. If not set, language defaults to None.\n" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md msgid "\"5\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "\"base64\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "\"0.13\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "\"base64: {base64:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "\"log\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "\"0.4\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "\"log: {log:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "\"serde\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "\"djmitche\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "\"4.0\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "\"serde: {serde:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/memory-management/solution.md msgid "\"0.1\"" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers.md msgid "[Box" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers.md msgid "](./smart-pointers/box.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers.md msgid "[Rc](./smart-pointers/rc.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers.md msgid "[Trait Objects](./smart-pointers/trait-objects.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers.md msgid "[Exercise: Binary Tree](./smart-pointers/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers.md src/error-handling.md msgid "This segment should take about 55 minutes" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "" "[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) is an owned " "pointer to data on the heap:" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "\"five: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "" "`Box` implements `Deref`, which means that you can [call " "methods from `T` directly on a `Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/" "trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "" "Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "/// A non-empty list: first element and the rest of the list." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "/// An empty list." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "\"{list:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "- - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": " "list : : :\n" ": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ +------+----" "+----+ :\n" ": | Element | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Element | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // " "| // | :\n" ": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ +------+----" "+----+ :\n" ": : : :\n" ": : : :\n" "'- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "- - - - -'\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "" "`Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be " "not null." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "A `Box` can be useful when you:" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "" "have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust " "compiler wants to know an exact size." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "" "want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large " "amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` " "so only the pointer is moved." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "" "If `Box` was not used and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the " "`List`, the compiler would not be able to compute a fixed size for the " "struct in memory (the `List` would be of infinite size)." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "" "`Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and " "just points at the next element of the `List` in the heap." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "" "Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. We get " "the message \"recursive without indirection\", because for data recursion, " "we have to use indirection, a Box or reference of some kind, instead of " "storing the value directly." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "Niche Optimization" msgstr "Niche āĻ…āĻĒāĻŸāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻœā§‡āĻļāĻ¨" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "" "A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This " "allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/box.md msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": list : : :\n" ": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ :\n" ": | Element | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Element | 2 | // | :\n" ": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ :\n" ": : : :\n" ": : : :\n" "'- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/rc.md msgid "" "[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) is a reference-" "counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer to the same data " "from multiple places:" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/rc.md msgid "\"a: {a}\"" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/rc.md msgid "\"b: {b}\"" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/rc.md msgid "" "See [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) and [`Mutex`](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) if you are in a multi-threaded " "context." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/rc.md msgid "" "You can _downgrade_ a shared pointer into a [`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang." "org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) pointer to create cycles that will get dropped." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/rc.md msgid "" "`Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there " "are references." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/rc.md msgid "`Rc` in Rust is like `std::shared_ptr` in C++." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/rc.md msgid "" "`Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and " "increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally " "be ignored when looking for performance issues in code." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/rc.md msgid "" "`make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") " "and returns a mutable reference." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/rc.md msgid "Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/rc.md msgid "" "`Rc::downgrade` gives you a _weakly reference-counted_ object to create " "cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with `RefCell`)." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "" "Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a " "collection:" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "\"Miau!\"" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "\"Hello, who are you? {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "- -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": pets : : +----+----+----+----" "+ :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----+ .->| F | i | d | o " "| :\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o | | +----+----+----+----" "+ :\n" ": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-+ " "`---------. :\n" ": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | data " "| :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | | +-------+--|-------" "+ :\n" ": : : | | | '-->| name | o, 4, 4 " "| :\n" ": : : | | | | age | 5 " "| :\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | | +-------+----------" "+ :\n" " : | | " "| :\n" " : | | | " "vtable :\n" " : | | | +----------------------" "+ :\n" " : | | '---->| \"::talk\" " "| :\n" " : | | +----------------------" "+ :\n" " : | " "| :\n" " : | | " "data :\n" " : | | +-------+-------" "+ :\n" " : | '-->| lives | 9 " "| :\n" " : | +-------+-------" "+ :\n" " : " "| :\n" " : | " "vtable :\n" " : | +----------------------" "+ :\n" " : '---->| \"::talk\" " "| :\n" " : +----------------------" "+ :\n" " : :\n" " '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "- -'\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "" "Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it " "impossible to have things like `Vec` in the example above." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "" "`dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that " "implements `Pet`." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "" "In the example, `pets` is allocated on the stack and the vector data is on " "the heap. The two vector elements are _fat pointers_:" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "" "A fat pointer is a double-width pointer. It has two components: a pointer to " "the actual object and a pointer to the [virtual method table](https://en." "wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_method_table) (vtable) for the `Pet` " "implementation of that particular object." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "" "The data for the `Dog` named Fido is the `name` and `age` fields. The `Cat` " "has a `lives` field." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md msgid "Compare these outputs in the above example:" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md msgid "" "A binary tree is a tree-type data structure where every node has two " "children (left and right). We will create a tree where each node stores a " "value. For a given node N, all nodes in a N's left subtree contain smaller " "values, and all nodes in N's right subtree will contain larger values." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md msgid "Implement the following types, so that the given tests pass." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md msgid "" "Extra Credit: implement an iterator over a binary tree that returns the " "values in order." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md msgid "/// A node in the binary tree.\n" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md msgid "/// A possibly-empty subtree.\n" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md msgid "" "/// A container storing a set of values, using a binary tree.\n" "///\n" "/// If the same value is added multiple times, it is only stored once.\n" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md msgid "// Implement `new`, `insert`, `len`, and `has`." msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md msgid "// not a unique item\n" msgstr "" #: src/smart-pointers/solution.md src/testing/googletest.md msgid "\"bar\"" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md msgid "[Borrowing](./borrowing.md) (50 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md msgid "" "[Slices and Lifetimes](./slices-and-lifetimes.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing.md msgid "[Borrowing a Value](./borrowing/shared.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing.md msgid "[Borrow Checking](./borrowing/borrowck.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing.md msgid "[Interior Mutability](./borrowing/interior-mutability.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing.md msgid "[Exercise: Health Statistics](./borrowing/exercise.md) (20 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/shared.md msgid "" "As we saw before, instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, " "you can let a function _borrow_ the value:" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/shared.md msgid "The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/shared.md msgid "The caller retains ownership of the inputs." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/shared.md msgid "" "This slide is a review of the material on references from day 1, expanding " "slightly to include function arguments and return values." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/shared.md msgid "Notes on stack returns:" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/shared.md msgid "" "Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can " "eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses " "and run it on the [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" "version=stable&mode=release&edition=2021&gist=0cb13be1c05d7e3446686ad9947c4671) " "or look at the assembly in [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). In the " "\"DEBUG\" optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay " "the same when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/shared.md msgid "The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO)." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/shared.md msgid "" "In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because " "constructors can have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at all. If " "RVO did not happen, Rust will always perform a simple and efficient `memcpy` " "copy." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "" "Rust's _borrow checker_ puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values. " "For a given value, at any time:" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "You can have one or more shared references to the value, _or_" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "You can have exactly one exclusive reference to the value." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "" "Note that the requirement is that conflicting references not _exist_ at the " "same point. It does not matter where the reference is dereferenced." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "" "The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through " "`c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "" "Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` " "to make the code compile." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "" "After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before " "the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow " "checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "" "The exclusive reference constraint is quite strong. Rust uses it to ensure " "that data races do not occur. Rust also _relies_ on this constraint to " "optimize code. For example, a value behind a shared reference can be safely " "cached in a register for the lifetime of that reference." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/borrowck.md msgid "" "The borrow checker is designed to accommodate many common patterns, such as " "taking exclusive references to different fields in a struct at the same " "time. But, there are some situations where it doesn't quite \"get it\" and " "this often results in \"fighting with the borrow checker.\"" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md msgid "" "In some situations, it's necessary to modify data behind a shared (read-" "only) reference. For example, a shared data structure might have an internal " "cache, and wish to update that cache from read-only methods." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md msgid "" "The \"interior mutability\" pattern allows exclusive (mutable) access behind " "a shared reference. The standard library provides several ways to do this, " "all while still ensuring safety, typically by performing a runtime check." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md msgid "`RefCell`" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md msgid "\"graph: {root:#?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md msgid "\"graph sum: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md msgid "`Cell`" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md msgid "" "`Cell` wraps a value and allows getting or setting the value, even with a " "shared reference to the `Cell`. However, it does not allow any references to " "the value. Since there are no references, borrowing rules cannot be broken." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md msgid "" "The main thing to take away from this slide is that Rust provides _safe_ " "ways to modify data behind a shared reference. There are a variety of ways " "to ensure that safety, and `RefCell` and `Cell` are two of them." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md msgid "" "`RefCell` enforces Rust's usual borrowing rules (either multiple shared " "references or a single exclusive reference) with a runtime check. In this " "case, all borrows are very short and never overlap, so the checks always " "succeed." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md msgid "" "`Rc` only allows shared (read-only) access to its contents, since its " "purpose is to allow (and count) many references. But we want to modify the " "value, so we need interior mutability." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md msgid "" "`Cell` is a simpler means to ensure safety: it has a `set` method that takes " "`&self`. This needs no runtime check, but requires moving values, which can " "have its own cost." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md msgid "" "Demonstrate that reference loops can be created by adding `root` to `subtree." "children`." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md msgid "" "To demonstrate a runtime panic, add a `fn inc(&mut self)` that increments " "`self.value` and calls the same method on its children. This will panic in " "the presence of the reference loop, with `thread 'main' panicked at 'already " "borrowed: BorrowMutError'`." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/exercise.md msgid "" "You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, " "you need to keep track of users' health statistics." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/exercise.md msgid "" "You'll start with a stubbed function in an `impl` block as well as a `User` " "struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out method on the " "`User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block." msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/exercise.md msgid "" "Copy the code below to and fill in the missing " "method:" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/exercise.md msgid "" "\"Update a user's statistics based on measurements from a visit to the " "doctor\"" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/exercise.md src/borrowing/solution.md #: src/android/build-rules/library.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "\"Bob\"" msgstr "" #: src/borrowing/exercise.md src/borrowing/solution.md msgid "\"I'm {} and my age is {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md msgid "[Slices: &\\[T\\]](./slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md msgid "[String References](./slices-and-lifetimes/str.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md msgid "" "[Lifetime Annotations](./slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md) (10 " "minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md msgid "" "[Lifetime Elision](./slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md msgid "" "[Struct Lifetimes](./slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md msgid "" "[Exercise: Protobuf Parsing](./slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 10 minutes" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md msgid "Slices" msgstr "Slices" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md msgid "Slices borrow data from the sliced type." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md msgid "Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]` right before printing `s`?" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md msgid "" "We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending " "indexes in brackets." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md msgid "" "If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the " "starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are " "identical." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md msgid "" "The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are " "identical." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md msgid "" "To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md msgid "" "`s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` " "(`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform " "computation on slices of different sizes." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md msgid "" "Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain " "'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md msgid "" "The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but " "the answer is that for memory safety reasons you cannot do it through `a` at " "this point in the execution, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` " "safely. It works before you created the slice, and again after the " "`println`, when the slice is no longer used." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "" "We can now understand the two string types in Rust: `&str` is almost like " "`&[char]`, but with its data stored in a variable-length encoding (UTF-8)." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "\"s1: {s1}\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md #, fuzzy msgid "\"Hello \"" msgstr "Hello World!" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "\"s3: {s3}\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "Rust terminology:" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "`&str` an immutable reference to a string slice." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "`String` a mutable string buffer." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "" "`&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 " "encoded string data stored in a block of memory. String literals " "(`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "" "Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a " "`Vec`, it is owned." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "" "As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string " "literal; `String::new()` creates a new empty string, to which string data " "can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "" "The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from " "dynamic values. It accepts the same format specification as `println!()`." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "" "You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range " "selection. If you select a byte range that is not aligned to character " "boundaries, the expression will panic. The `chars` iterator iterates over " "characters and is preferred over trying to get character boundaries right." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md msgid "" "For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `std::string_view` from C++, but the " "one that always points to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough " "equivalent of `std::string` from C++ (main difference: it can only contain " "UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization)." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md #, fuzzy msgid "Byte strings literals allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:" msgstr "Byte strings allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md msgid "" "A reference has a _lifetime_, which must not \"outlive\" the value it refers " "to. This is verified by the borrow checker." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md msgid "" "The lifetime can be implicit - this is what we have seen so far. Lifetimes " "can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`. Lifetimes start with " "`'` and `'a` is a typical default name. Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed " "`Point` which is valid for at least the lifetime `a`\"." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md msgid "" "Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime " "yourself. Explicit lifetime annotations create constraints where there is " "ambiguity; the compiler verifies that there is a valid solution." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md msgid "" "Lifetimes become more complicated when considering passing values to and " "returning values from functions." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md msgid "// What is the lifetime of p3?" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md msgid "\"p3: {p3:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md msgid "" "In this example, the the compiler does not know what lifetime to infer for " "`p3`. Looking inside the function body shows that it can only safely assume " "that `p3`'s lifetime is the shorter of `p1` and `p2`. But just like types, " "Rust requires explicit annotations of lifetimes on function arguments and " "return values." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md msgid "Add `'a` appropriately to `left_most`:" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md msgid "" "This says, \"given p1 and p2 which both outlive `'a`, the return value lives " "for at least `'a`." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md msgid "" "In common cases, lifetimes can be elided, as described on the next slide." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls" msgstr "āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻ āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md msgid "" "Lifetimes for function arguments and return values must be fully specified, " "but Rust allows lifetimes to be elided in most cases with [a few simple " "rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html). This is not " "inference -- it is just a syntactic shorthand." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md msgid "Each argument which does not have a lifetime annotation is given one." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md msgid "" "If there is only one argument lifetime, it is given to all un-annotated " "return values." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md msgid "" "If there are multiple argument lifetimes, but the first one is for `self`, " "that lifetime is given to all un-annotated return values." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md msgid "In this example, `cab_distance` is trivially elided." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md msgid "" "The `nearest` function provides another example of a function with multiple " "references in its arguments that requires explicit annotation." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md msgid "Try adjusting the signature to \"lie\" about the lifetimes returned:" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md msgid "" "This won't compile, demonstrating that the annotations are checked for " "validity by the compiler. Note that this is not the case for raw pointers " "(unsafe), and this is a common source of errors with unsafe Rust." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md msgid "" "Students may ask when to use lifetimes. Rust borrows _always_ have " "lifetimes. Most of the time, elision and type inference mean these don't " "need to be written out. In more complicated cases, lifetime annotations can " "help resolve ambiguity. Often, especially when prototyping, it's easier to " "just work with owned data by cloning values where necessary." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures" msgstr "āĻĄā§‡āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "" "If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "\"Bye {text}!\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "// erase(text);" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "\"{fox:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "\"{dog:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "" "In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data " "underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of " "`Highlight` that uses that data." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "" "If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), " "the borrow checker throws an error." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "" "Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This " "can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them " "somewhat harder to use." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "When possible, make data structures own their data directly." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md msgid "" "Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime " "annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe lifetime " "relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the lifetime " "of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "" "In this exercise, you will build a parser for the [protobuf binary encoding]" "(https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/). Don't worry, it's " "simpler than it seems! This illustrates a common parsing pattern, passing " "slices of data. The underlying data itself is never copied." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "" "Fully parsing a protobuf message requires knowing the types of the fields, " "indexed by their field numbers. That is typically provided in a `proto` " "file. In this exercise, we'll encode that information into `match` " "statements in functions that get called for each field." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "We'll use the following proto:" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "" "A proto message is encoded as a series of fields, one after the next. Each " "is implemented as a \"tag\" followed by the value. The tag contains a field " "number (e.g., `2` for the `id` field of a `Person` message) and a wire type " "defining how the payload should be determined from the byte stream." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "" "Integers, including the tag, are represented with a variable-length encoding " "called VARINT. Luckily, `parse_varint` is defined for you below. The given " "code also defines callbacks to handle `Person` and `PhoneNumber` fields, and " "to parse a message into a series of calls to those callbacks." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "" "What remains for you is to implement the `parse_field` function and the " "`ProtoMessage` trait for `Person` and `PhoneNumber`." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "\"Invalid varint\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "\"Invalid wire-type\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "\"Unexpected EOF\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "\"Invalid length\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "\"Unexpected wire-type)\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "\"Invalid string (not UTF-8)\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "/// A wire type as seen on the wire.\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "/// The Varint WireType indicates the value is a single VARINT.\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "" "//I64, -- not needed for this exercise\n" " /// The Len WireType indicates that the value is a length represented as " "a\n" " /// VARINT followed by exactly that number of bytes.\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "" "/// The I32 WireType indicates that the value is precisely 4 bytes in\n" " /// little-endian order containing a 32-bit signed integer.\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "/// A field's value, typed based on the wire type.\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "//I64(i64), -- not needed for this exercise\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "/// A field, containing the field number and its value.\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "//1 => WireType::I64, -- not needed for this exercise\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "" "/// Parse a VARINT, returning the parsed value and the remaining bytes.\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "" "// This is the last byte of the VARINT, so convert it to\n" " // a u64 and return it.\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "// More than 7 bytes is invalid.\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "/// Convert a tag into a field number and a WireType.\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "/// Parse a field, returning the remaining bytes\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "" "\"Based on the wire type, build a Field, consuming as many bytes as " "necessary.\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "\"Return the field, and any un-consumed bytes.\"" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "" "/// Parse a message in the given data, calling `T::add_field` for each field " "in\n" "/// the message.\n" "///\n" "/// The entire input is consumed.\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md msgid "// TODO: Implement ProtoMessage for Person and PhoneNumber." msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "// Unwrap error because `value` is definitely 4 bytes long.\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "// skip everything else\n" msgstr "" #: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md msgid "b\"hello\"" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-4.md #, fuzzy msgid "Welcome to Day 4" msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽ" #: src/welcome-day-4.md msgid "" "Today we will cover topics relating to building large-scale software in Rust:" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-4.md msgid "Iterators: a deep dive on the `Iterator` trait." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-4.md msgid "Modules and visibility." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-4.md #, fuzzy msgid "Testing." msgstr "āĻŸā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ‚" #: src/welcome-day-4.md msgid "Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-4.md msgid "" "Unsafe Rust: the escape hatch when you can't express yourself in safe Rust." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-4.md msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-4.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-4.md msgid "[Iterators](./iterators.md) (45 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-4.md msgid "[Modules](./modules.md) (40 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-4.md msgid "[Testing](./testing.md) (1 hour)" msgstr "" #: src/iterators.md msgid "[Iterator](./iterators/iterator.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/iterators.md msgid "[IntoIterator](./iterators/intoiterator.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/iterators.md msgid "[FromIterator](./iterators/fromiterator.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/iterators.md msgid "" "[Exercise: Iterator Method Chaining](./iterators/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/iterators/iterator.md msgid "" "The [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) " "trait supports iterating over values in a collection. It requires a `next` " "method and provides lots of methods. Many standard library types implement " "`Iterator`, and you can implement it yourself, too:" msgstr "" #: src/iterators/iterator.md msgid "\"fib({i}): {n}\"" msgstr "" #: src/iterators/iterator.md msgid "" "The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming " "operations over collections (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is " "the trait where you can find all the documentation about them. In Rust these " "functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative " "implementations." msgstr "" #: src/iterators/iterator.md msgid "" "`IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by " "collection types such as `Vec` and references to them such as `&Vec` " "and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it. This is why you can iterate over a " "vector with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist." msgstr "" #: src/iterators/intoiterator.md msgid "" "The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an " "iterator. The related trait [`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) defines how to create an iterator for a type. " "It is used automatically by the `for` loop." msgstr "" #: src/iterators/intoiterator.md msgid "\"point = {x}, {y}\"" msgstr "" #: src/iterators/intoiterator.md msgid "" "Click through to the docs for `IntoIterator`. Every implementation of " "`IntoIterator` must declare two types:" msgstr "" #: src/iterators/intoiterator.md msgid "`Item`: the type to iterate over, such as `i8`," msgstr "" #: src/iterators/intoiterator.md msgid "`IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method." msgstr "" #: src/iterators/intoiterator.md msgid "" "Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same " "`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option`" msgstr "" #: src/iterators/intoiterator.md msgid "The example iterates over all combinations of x and y coordinates." msgstr "" #: src/iterators/intoiterator.md msgid "" "Try iterating over the grid twice in `main`. Why does this fail? Note that " "`IntoIterator::into_iter` takes ownership of `self`." msgstr "" #: src/iterators/intoiterator.md msgid "" "Fix this issue by implementing `IntoIterator` for `&Grid` and storing a " "reference to the `Grid` in `GridIter`." msgstr "" #: src/iterators/intoiterator.md msgid "" "The same problem can occur for standard library types: `for e in " "some_vector` will take ownership of `some_vector` and iterate over owned " "elements from that vector. Use `for e in &some_vector` instead, to iterate " "over references to elements of `some_vector`." msgstr "" #: src/iterators/fromiterator.md msgid "FromIterator" msgstr "FromIterator" #: src/iterators/fromiterator.md msgid "" "[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) " "lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)." msgstr "" "[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) " "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) " "āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧ|" #: src/iterators/fromiterator.md msgid "\"prime_squares: {prime_squares:?}\"" msgstr "\"prime_squares: {prime_squares:?}\"" #: src/iterators/fromiterator.md msgid "`Iterator` implements" msgstr "" #: src/iterators/fromiterator.md msgid "There are two ways to specify `B` for this method:" msgstr "" #: src/iterators/fromiterator.md msgid "" "With the \"turbofish\": `some_iterator.collect::()`, as " "shown. The `_` shorthand used here lets Rust infer the type of the `Vec` " "elements." msgstr "" #: src/iterators/fromiterator.md msgid "" "With type inference: `let prime_squares: Vec<_> = some_iterator.collect()`. " "Rewrite the example to use this form." msgstr "" #: src/iterators/fromiterator.md msgid "" "There are basic implementations of `FromIterator` for `Vec`, `HashMap`, etc. " "There are also more specialized implementations which let you do cool things " "like convert an `Iterator>` into a `Result, E>`." msgstr "" #: src/iterators/exercise.md msgid "" "In this exercise, you will need to find and use some of the provided methods " "in the [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) " "trait to implement a complex calculation." msgstr "" #: src/iterators/exercise.md msgid "" "Copy the following code to and make the tests " "pass. Use an iterator expression and `collect` the result to construct the " "return value." msgstr "" #: src/iterators/exercise.md src/iterators/solution.md msgid "" "/// Calculate the differences between elements of `values` offset by " "`offset`,\n" "/// wrapping around from the end of `values` to the beginning.\n" "///\n" "/// Element `n` of the result is `values[(n+offset)%len] - values[n]`.\n" msgstr "" #: src/modules.md msgid "[Modules](./modules/modules.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/modules.md msgid "[Filesystem Hierarchy](./modules/filesystem.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/modules.md msgid "[Visibility](./modules/visibility.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/modules.md msgid "[use, super, self](./modules/paths.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/modules.md msgid "" "[Exercise: Modules for a GUI Library](./modules/exercise.md) (15 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/modules/modules.md msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type." msgstr "" #: src/modules/modules.md msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:" msgstr "" #: src/modules/modules.md msgid "\"In the foo module\"" msgstr "" #: src/modules/modules.md msgid "\"In the bar module\"" msgstr "" #: src/modules/modules.md msgid "" "Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that " "describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates." msgstr "" #: src/modules/modules.md msgid "" "Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and " "a library crate compiles to a library." msgstr "" #: src/modules/modules.md msgid "Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section." msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "" "Omitting the module content will tell Rust to look for it in another file:" msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "" "This tells rust that the `garden` module content is found at `src/garden." "rs`. Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at `src/garden/" "vegetables.rs`." msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "The `crate` root is in:" msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "`src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)" msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "`src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)" msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "" "Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc " "comments\". These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a " "module." msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "" "//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant " "germination" msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md #, fuzzy msgid "//! implementation." msgstr "āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "// Re-export types from this module." msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "/// Sow the given seed packets." msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready." msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "" "Before Rust 2018, modules needed to be located at `module/mod.rs` instead of " "`module.rs`, and this is still a working alternative for editions after 2018." msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "" "The main reason to introduce `filename.rs` as alternative to `filename/mod." "rs` was because many files named `mod.rs` can be hard to distinguish in IDEs." msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "Deeper nesting can use folders, even if the main module is a file:" msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "" "The place rust will look for modules can be changed with a compiler " "directive:" msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "\"some/path.rs\"" msgstr "" #: src/modules/filesystem.md msgid "" "This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module " "in a file named `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go." msgstr "" #: src/modules/visibility.md msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:" msgstr "" #: src/modules/visibility.md msgid "Module items are private by default (hides implementation details)." msgstr "" #: src/modules/visibility.md msgid "Parent and sibling items are always visible." msgstr "" #: src/modules/visibility.md msgid "" "In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all " "the descendants of `foo`." msgstr "" #: src/modules/visibility.md msgid "\"outer::private\"" msgstr "" #: src/modules/visibility.md msgid "\"outer::public\"" msgstr "" #: src/modules/visibility.md msgid "\"outer::inner::private\"" msgstr "" #: src/modules/visibility.md msgid "\"outer::inner::public\"" msgstr "" #: src/modules/visibility.md msgid "Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public." msgstr "" #: src/modules/visibility.md msgid "" "Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope " "of public visibility." msgstr "" #: src/modules/visibility.md msgid "" "See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-" "privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)." msgstr "" #: src/modules/visibility.md msgid "Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern." msgstr "" #: src/modules/visibility.md msgid "Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path." msgstr "" #: src/modules/visibility.md msgid "" "In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of " "its descendants)." msgstr "" #: src/modules/paths.md msgid "use, super, self" msgstr "" #: src/modules/paths.md msgid "" "A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`. You " "will typically see something like this at the top of each module:" msgstr "" #: src/modules/paths.md msgid "Paths" msgstr "Paths" #: src/modules/paths.md msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:" msgstr "" #: src/modules/paths.md msgid "As a relative path:" msgstr "" #: src/modules/paths.md msgid "`foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module," msgstr "" #: src/modules/paths.md msgid "`super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module." msgstr "" #: src/modules/paths.md msgid "As an absolute path:" msgstr "" #: src/modules/paths.md msgid "`crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate," msgstr "" #: src/modules/paths.md msgid "`bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate." msgstr "" #: src/modules/paths.md msgid "" "It is common to \"re-export\" symbols at a shorter path. For example, the " "top-level `lib.rs` in a crate might have" msgstr "" #: src/modules/paths.md msgid "" "making `DiskStorage` and `NetworkStorage` available to other crates with a " "convenient, short path." msgstr "" #: src/modules/paths.md msgid "" "For the most part, only items that appear in a module need to be `use`'d. " "However, a trait must be in scope to call any methods on that trait, even if " "a type implementing that trait is already in scope. For example, to use the " "`read_to_string` method on a type implementing the `Read` trait, you need to " "`use std::io::Read`." msgstr "" #: src/modules/paths.md msgid "" "The `use` statement can have a wildcard: `use std::io::*`. This is " "discouraged because it is not clear which items are imported, and those " "might change over time." msgstr "" #: src/modules/exercise.md msgid "" "In this exercise, you will reorganize a small GUI Library implementation. " "This library defines a `Widget` trait and a few implementations of that " "trait, as well as a `main` function." msgstr "" #: src/modules/exercise.md msgid "" "It is typical to put each type or set of closely-related types into its own " "module, so each widget type should get its own module." msgstr "" #: src/modules/exercise.md #, fuzzy msgid "Cargo Setup" msgstr "āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻ†āĻĒ" #: src/modules/exercise.md msgid "" "The Rust playground only supports one file, so you will need to make a Cargo " "project on your local filesystem:" msgstr "" #: src/modules/exercise.md msgid "" "Edit the resulting `src/main.rs` to add `mod` statements, and add additional " "files in the `src` directory." msgstr "" #: src/modules/exercise.md msgid "Source" msgstr "" #: src/modules/exercise.md msgid "Here's the single-module implementation of the GUI library:" msgstr "" #: src/modules/exercise.md msgid "/// Natural width of `self`.\n" msgstr "" #: src/modules/exercise.md msgid "/// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n" msgstr "" #: src/modules/exercise.md msgid "/// Draw the widget on standard output.\n" msgstr "" #: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md msgid "\"{buffer}\"" msgstr "" #: src/modules/exercise.md msgid "// Add 4 paddings for borders\n" msgstr "" #: src/modules/exercise.md msgid "" "// TODO: Change draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use " "the\n" " // ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n" msgstr "" #: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md msgid "\"+-{:-. Then use" msgstr "" #: src/modules/solution.md msgid "// the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap()." msgstr "" #: src/modules/solution.md msgid "// ---- src/main.rs ----" msgstr "" #: src/testing.md msgid "[Test Modules](./testing/unit-tests.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/testing.md msgid "[Other Types of Tests](./testing/other.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/testing.md msgid "[Useful Crates](./testing/useful-crates.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/testing.md msgid "[GoogleTest](./testing/googletest.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/testing.md msgid "[Mocking](./testing/mocking.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/testing.md msgid "[Compiler Lints and Clippy](./testing/lints.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/testing.md msgid "[Exercise: Luhn Algorithm](./testing/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/testing/unit-tests.md msgid "Unit Tests" msgstr "āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸ āĻŸā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/testing/unit-tests.md msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:" msgstr "" #: src/testing/unit-tests.md msgid "Unit tests are supported throughout your code." msgstr "" #: src/testing/unit-tests.md msgid "Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory." msgstr "" #: src/testing/unit-tests.md msgid "" "Tests are marked with `#[test]`. Unit tests are often put in a nested " "`tests` module, using `#[cfg(test)]` to conditionally compile them only when " "building tests." msgstr "" #: src/testing/unit-tests.md #, fuzzy msgid "\"Hello World\"" msgstr "Hello World!" #: src/testing/unit-tests.md msgid "This lets you unit test private helpers." msgstr "" #: src/testing/unit-tests.md msgid "The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`." msgstr "" #: src/testing/unit-tests.md msgid "Run the tests in the playground in order to show their results." msgstr "" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "Integration Tests" msgstr "āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻŸā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test." msgstr "" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:" msgstr "" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "// tests/my_library.rs" msgstr "" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate." msgstr "" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "Documentation Tests" msgstr "āĻĄāĻ•ā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻŸā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:" msgstr "" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "/// Shortens a string to the given length." msgstr "" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "/// ```" msgstr "" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "/// # use playground::shorten_string;" msgstr "" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");" msgstr "" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");" msgstr "" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code." msgstr "" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`." msgstr "" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "" "Adding `#` in the code will hide it from the docs, but will still compile/" "run it." msgstr "" #: src/testing/other.md msgid "" "Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" "version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." msgstr "" #: src/testing/useful-crates.md msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests." msgstr "" #: src/testing/useful-crates.md msgid "Here are some additional crates which we recommend for writing tests:" msgstr "" #: src/testing/useful-crates.md msgid "" "[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Comprehensive test assertion " "library in the tradition of GoogleTest for C++." msgstr "" #: src/testing/useful-crates.md msgid "[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Property-based testing for Rust." msgstr "" #: src/testing/useful-crates.md msgid "" "[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Support for fixtures and parameterised " "tests." msgstr "" #: src/testing/googletest.md msgid "" "The [GoogleTest](https://docs.rs/googletest/) crate allows for flexible test " "assertions using _matchers_:" msgstr "" #: src/testing/googletest.md msgid "\"baz\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/googletest.md msgid "\"xyz\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/googletest.md msgid "" "If we change the last element to `\"!\"`, the test fails with a structured " "error message pin-pointing the error:" msgstr "" #: src/testing/googletest.md msgid "" "GoogleTest is not part of the Rust Playground, so you need to run this " "example in a local environment. Use `cargo add googletest` to quickly add it " "to an existing Cargo project." msgstr "" #: src/testing/googletest.md msgid "" "The `use googletest::prelude::*;` line imports a number of [commonly used " "macros and types](https://docs.rs/googletest/latest/googletest/prelude/index." "html)." msgstr "" #: src/testing/googletest.md msgid "This just scratches the surface, there are many builtin matchers." msgstr "" #: src/testing/googletest.md msgid "" "A particularly nice feature is that mismatches in multi-line strings are " "shown as a diff:" msgstr "" #: src/testing/googletest.md msgid "" "\"Memory safety found,\\n\\\n" " Rust's strong typing guides the way,\\n\\\n" " Secure code you'll write.\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/googletest.md msgid "" "\"Memory safety found,\\n\\\n" " Rust's silly humor guides the way,\\n\\\n" " Secure code you'll write.\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/googletest.md msgid "shows a color-coded diff (colors not shown here):" msgstr "" #: src/testing/googletest.md msgid "" "The crate is a Rust port of [GoogleTest for C++](https://google.github.io/" "googletest/)." msgstr "" #: src/testing/googletest.md msgid "GoogleTest is available for use in AOSP." msgstr "" #: src/testing/mocking.md msgid "" "For mocking, [Mockall](https://docs.rs/mockall/) is a widely used library. " "You need to refactor your code to use traits, which you can then quickly " "mock:" msgstr "" #: src/testing/mocking.md msgid "" "The advice here is for Android (AOSP) where Mockall is the recommended " "mocking library. There are other [mocking libraries available on crates.io]" "(https://crates.io/keywords/mock), in particular in the area of mocking HTTP " "services. The other mocking libraries work in a similar fashion as Mockall, " "meaning that they make it easy to get a mock implementation of a given trait." msgstr "" #: src/testing/mocking.md msgid "" "Note that mocking is somewhat _controversial_: mocks allow you to completely " "isolate a test from its dependencies. The immediate result is faster and " "more stable test execution. On the other hand, the mocks can be configured " "wrongly and return output different from what the real dependencies would do." msgstr "" #: src/testing/mocking.md msgid "" "If at all possible, it is recommended that you use the real dependencies. As " "an example, many databases allow you to configure an in-memory backend. This " "means that you get the correct behavior in your tests, plus they are fast " "and will automatically clean up after themselves." msgstr "" #: src/testing/mocking.md msgid "" "Similarly, many web frameworks allow you to start an in-process server which " "binds to a random port on `localhost`. Always prefer this over mocking away " "the framework since it helps you test your code in the real environment." msgstr "" #: src/testing/mocking.md msgid "" "Mockall is not part of the Rust Playground, so you need to run this example " "in a local environment. Use `cargo add mockall` to quickly add Mockall to an " "existing Cargo project." msgstr "" #: src/testing/mocking.md msgid "" "Mockall has a lot more functionality. In particular, you can set up " "expectations which depend on the arguments passed. Here we use this to mock " "a cat which becomes hungry 3 hours after the last time it was fed:" msgstr "" #: src/testing/mocking.md msgid "" "You can use `.times(n)` to limit the number of times a mock method can be " "called to `n` --- the mock will automatically panic when dropped if this " "isn't satisfied." msgstr "" #: src/testing/lints.md msgid "" "The Rust compiler produces fantastic error messages, as well as helpful " "built-in lints. [Clippy](https://doc.rust-lang.org/clippy/) provides even " "more lints, organized into groups that can be enabled per-project." msgstr "" #: src/testing/lints.md msgid "\"X probably fits in a u16, right? {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/lints.md msgid "" "Run the code sample and examine the error message. There are also lints " "visible here, but those will not be shown once the code compiles. Switch to " "the Playground site to show those lints." msgstr "" #: src/testing/lints.md msgid "" "After resolving the lints, run `clippy` on the playground site to show " "clippy warnings. Clippy has extensive documentation of its lints, and adds " "new lints (including default-deny lints) all the time." msgstr "" #: src/testing/lints.md msgid "" "Note that errors or warnings with `help: ...` can be fixed with `cargo fix` " "or via your editor." msgstr "" #: src/testing/exercise.md msgid "Luhn Algorithm" msgstr "āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ—āĻ°āĻŋāĻĻāĻŽ" #: src/testing/exercise.md msgid "" "The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used " "to validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and " "does the following to validate the credit card number:" msgstr "" #: src/testing/exercise.md msgid "Ignore all spaces. Reject number with fewer than two digits." msgstr "" #: src/testing/exercise.md msgid "" "Moving from **right to left**, double every second digit: for the number " "`1234`, we double `3` and `1`. For the number `98765`, we double `6` and `8`." msgstr "" #: src/testing/exercise.md msgid "" "After doubling a digit, sum the digits if the result is greater than 9. So " "doubling `7` becomes `14` which becomes `1 + 4 = 5`." msgstr "" #: src/testing/exercise.md msgid "Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits." msgstr "" #: src/testing/exercise.md msgid "The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`." msgstr "" #: src/testing/exercise.md msgid "" "The provided code provides a buggy implementation of the luhn algorithm, " "along with two basic unit tests that confirm that most the algorithm is " "implemented correctly." msgstr "" #: src/testing/exercise.md msgid "" "Copy the code below to and write additional " "tests to uncover bugs in the provided implementation, fixing any bugs you " "find." msgstr "" #: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md msgid "\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md msgid "\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md msgid "\"7992 7398 713\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md msgid "\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md msgid "\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md msgid "\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/solution.md msgid "// This is the buggy version that appears in the problem.\n" msgstr "" #: src/testing/solution.md msgid "// This is the solution and passes all of the tests below.\n" msgstr "" #: src/testing/solution.md msgid "\"1234 5678 1234 5670\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/solution.md msgid "\"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/solution.md msgid "\"yes\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/solution.md msgid "\"no\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/solution.md msgid "\"foo 0 0\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/solution.md msgid "\" \"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/solution.md msgid "\" \"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/solution.md msgid "\" \"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/solution.md msgid "\"0\"" msgstr "" #: src/testing/solution.md msgid "\" 0 0 \"" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md msgid "[Error Handling](./error-handling.md) (55 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md msgid "[Unsafe Rust](./unsafe-rust.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling.md msgid "[Panics](./error-handling/panics.md) (3 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling.md msgid "[Try Operator](./error-handling/try.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling.md msgid "[Try Conversions](./error-handling/try-conversions.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling.md msgid "[Error Trait](./error-handling/error.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling.md msgid "" "[thiserror and anyhow](./error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling.md msgid "" "[Exercise: Rewriting with Result](./error-handling/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "Rust handles fatal errors with a \"panic\"." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "\"v[100]: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "Runtime failures like failed bounds checks can panic" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "Assertions (such as `assert!`) panic on failure" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "Purpose-specific panics can use the `panic!` macro." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "" "A panic will \"unwind\" the stack, dropping values just as if the functions " "had returned." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "" "Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "" "By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be " "caught:" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "\"No problem here!\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "\"{result:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "\"oh no!\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "" "Catching is unusual; do not attempt to implement exceptions with " "`catch_unwind`!" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "" "This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single " "request crashes." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/panics.md msgid "This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try.md msgid "" "Runtime errors like connection-refused or file-not-found are handled with " "the `Result` type, but matching this type on every call can be cumbersome. " "The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you " "turn the common" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try.md msgid "into the much simpler" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try.md msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handling code:" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try.md msgid "//fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try.md src/error-handling/try-conversions.md #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "\"config.dat\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try.md src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "\"username or error: {username:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try.md msgid "Simplify the `read_username` function to use `?`." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try.md msgid "The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try.md msgid "" "Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty " "file, file with username." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try.md msgid "" "Note that `main` can return a `Result<(), E>` as long as it implements `std::" "process::Termination`. In practice, this means that `E` implements `Debug`. " "The executable will print the `Err` variant and return a nonzero exit status " "on error." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "" "The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously " "indicated:" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "works the same as" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "" "The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to the " "type returned by the function. This makes it easy to encapsulate errors into " "higher-level errors." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "\"IO error: {e}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "\"Found no username in {path}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "//fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "" "The `?` operator must return a value compatible with the return type of the " "function. For `Result`, it means that the error types have to be compatible. " "A function that returns `Result` can only use `?` on a value " "of type `Result` if `ErrorOuter` and `ErrorInner` are the " "same type or if `ErrorOuter` implements `From`." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "" "A common alternative to a `From` implementation is `Result::map_err`, " "especially when the conversion only happens in one place." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "" "There is no compatibility requirement for `Option`. A function returning " "`Option` can use the `?` operator on `Option` for arbitrary `T` and " "`U` types." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md msgid "" "A function that returns `Result` cannot use `?` on `Option` and vice versa. " "However, `Option::ok_or` converts `Option` to `Result` whereas `Result::ok` " "turns `Result` into `Option`." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/error.md msgid "Dynamic Error Types" msgstr "āĻĄāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨" #: src/error-handling/error.md msgid "" "Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing " "our own enum covering all the different possibilities. The `std::error::" "Error` trait makes it easy to create a trait object that can contain any " "error." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/error.md msgid "\"count.dat\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/error.md msgid "\"1i3\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/error.md msgid "\"Count: {count}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/error.md msgid "\"Error: {err}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/error.md msgid "" "The `read_count` function can return `std::io::Error` (from file operations) " "or `std::num::ParseIntError` (from `String::parse`)." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/error.md msgid "" "Boxing errors saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle " "different error cases differently in the program. As such it's generally not " "a good idea to use `Box` in the public API of a library, but it " "can be a good option in a program where you just want to display the error " "message somewhere." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/error.md msgid "" "Make sure to implement the `std::error::Error` trait when defining a custom " "error type so it can be boxed. But if you need to support the `no_std` " "attribute, keep in mind that the `std::error::Error` trait is currently " "compatible with `no_std` in [nightly](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/" "issues/103765) only." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "" "The [`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) and [`anyhow`](https://docs.rs/" "anyhow/) crates are widely used to simplify error handling." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "" "`thiserror` is often used in libraries to create custom error types that " "implement `From`." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "" "`anyhow` is often used by applications to help with error handling in " "functions, including adding contextual information to your errors." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "\"Found no username in {0}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "\"Failed to open {path}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "\"Failed to read\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "\"Username: {username}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "\"Error: {err:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "`thiserror`" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "" "The `Error` derive macro is provided by `thiserror`, and has lots of useful " "attributes to help define error types in a compact way." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "The `std::error::Error` trait is derived automatically." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "The message from `#[error]` is used to derive the `Display` trait." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "`anyhow`" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "" "`anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box`. As such " "it's again generally not a good choice for the public API of a library, but " "is widely used in applications." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "`anyhow::Result` is a type alias for `Result`." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "" "Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if necessary." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "" "Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result` may be familiar to Go " "developers, as it provides similar usage patterns and ergonomics to `(T, " "error)` from Go." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md msgid "" "`anyhow::Context` is a trait implemented for the standard `Result` and " "`Option` types. `use anyhow::Context` is necessary to enable `.context()` " "and `.with_context()` on those types." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md msgid "Exercise: Rewriting with Result" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md msgid "" "The following implements a very simple parser for an expression language. " "However, it handles errors by panicking. Rewrite it to instead use idiomatic " "error handling and propagate errors to a return from `main`. Feel free to " "use `thiserror` and `anyhow`." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md msgid "" "HINT: start by fixing error handling in the `parse` function. Once that is " "working correctly, update `Tokenizer` to implement " "`Iterator>` and handle that in the parser." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "/// An arithmetic operator.\n" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "/// A token in the expression language.\n" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "/// An expression in the expression language.\n" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "/// A reference to a variable.\n" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "/// A literal number.\n" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "/// A binary operation.\n" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "'z'" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "'_'" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "'+'" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "'-'" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md msgid "\"Unexpected character {c}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "\"Unexpected end of input\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md msgid "\"Invalid 32-bit integer'\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md msgid "\"Unexpected token {tok:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "// Look ahead to parse a binary operation if present.\n" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "\"10+foo+20-30\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "\"{expr:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "\"Unexpected character '{0}' in input\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "\"Tokenizer error: {0}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "\"Unexpected token {0:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/solution.md msgid "\"Invalid number\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust.md msgid "[Unsafe](./unsafe-rust/unsafe.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust.md msgid "" "[Dereferencing Raw Pointers](./unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md) (10 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust.md msgid "[Mutable Static Variables](./unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust.md msgid "[Unions](./unsafe-rust/unions.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust.md msgid "[Unsafe Functions](./unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust.md msgid "[Unsafe Traits](./unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md) (5 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust.md msgid "[Exercise: FFI Wrapper](./unsafe-rust/exercise.md) (30 minutes)" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust.md msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 5 minutes" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "The Rust language has two parts:" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "**Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "" "**Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are " "violated." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "" "We saw mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to know what " "Unsafe Rust is." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "" "Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be " "carefully documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "Dereference raw pointers." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "Access or modify mutable static variables." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "Access `union` fields." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "Implement `unsafe` traits." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "" "We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please see " "[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-" "unsafe-rust.html) and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md msgid "" "Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers " "have turned off some compiler safety features and have to write correct code " "by themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety " "rules." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "\"careful!\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "// Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "" "// guaranteed to be non-null and properly aligned, the objects underlying" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "// the references from which they were obtained are live throughout the" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "// whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "// references or concurrently through any other pointers." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "\"r1 is: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "\"uhoh\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "\"r2 is: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "// NOT SAFE. DO NOT DO THIS." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "/*" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "" "It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write " "a comment for each `unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it " "satisfies the safety requirements of the unsafe operations it is doing." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "" "In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be " "[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "The pointer must be non-null." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "" "The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single " "allocated object)." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "The object must not have been deallocated." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "" "If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object " "must be live and no reference may be used to access the memory." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md msgid "" "The \"NOT SAFE\" section gives an example of a common kind of UB bug: `*r1` " "has the `'static` lifetime, so `r3` has type `&'static String`, and thus " "outlives `s`. Creating a reference from a pointer requires _great care_." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md #, fuzzy msgid "\"Hello, world!\"" msgstr "Hello World!" #: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md msgid "\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md msgid "" "However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable " "static variables:" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md msgid "\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md msgid "" "The program here is safe because it is single-threaded. However, the Rust " "compiler is conservative and will assume the worst. Try removing the " "`unsafe` and see how the compiler explains that it is undefined behavior to " "mutate a static from multiple threads." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md msgid "" "Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases " "where it might make sense in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a " "heap allocator or working with some C APIs." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md msgid "\"int: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md msgid "\"bool: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md #, fuzzy msgid "// Undefined behavior!" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŽā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡:" #: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md msgid "" "Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They " "are occasionally needed for interacting with C library APIs." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md msgid "" "If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably want " "[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn." "transmute.html) or a safe wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/" "crates/zerocopy) crate." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•āĻž" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "" "A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions " "you must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md src/android/interoperability/with-c.md #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"C\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "\"đŸ—ģ∈🌏\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "" "// Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds of" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "// the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "\"emoji: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "\"char count: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md #, fuzzy msgid "// Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves." msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŽā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡:" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "// Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "// println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "// println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe {" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "// emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) }));" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻž" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "" "You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular " "conditions to avoid undefined behaviour." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md msgid "/// # Safety" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "// Safe because ..." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "\"a = {}, b = {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "" "`get_unchecked`, like most `_unchecked` functions, is unsafe, because it can " "create UB if the range is incorrect. `abs` is incorrect for a different " "reason: it is an external function (FFI). Calling external functions is " "usually only a problem when those functions do things with pointers which " "might violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C function might have " "undefined behaviour under any arbitrary circumstances." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "" "The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI; [other ABIs are available too]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "" "We wouldn't actually use pointers for a `swap` function - it can be done " "safely with references." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md msgid "" "Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an " "`unsafe` block. We can prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. " "Try adding it and see what happens. This will likely change in a future Rust " "edition." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ Traits āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md msgid "" "Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation " "must guarantee particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md msgid "" "For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks [something " "like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md msgid "/// ..." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md msgid "/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md msgid "// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md msgid "" "There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining " "the requirements for the trait to be safely implemented." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md msgid "" "The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more " "complicated." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper" msgstr "āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ FFI āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻ•" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function " "interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc` " "functions you would use from C to read the names of files in a directory." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "ffi/) module. There you find a number of string types which you need for the " "exercise:" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "Encoding" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "Use" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) and [`String`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "UTF-8" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "Text processing in Rust" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) and [`CString`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "NUL-terminated" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "Communicating with C functions" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) and " "[`OsString`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "OS-specific" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "Communicating with the OS" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "You will convert between all these types:" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "`&str` to `CString`: you need to allocate space for a trailing `\\0` " "character," msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "`CString` to `*const i8`: you need a pointer to call C functions," msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "`*const i8` to `&CStr`: you need something which can find the trailing `\\0` " "character," msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "`&CStr` to `&[u8]`: a slice of bytes is the universal interface for \"some " "unknown data\"," msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "`&[u8]` to `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` is a step towards `OsString`, use [`OsStrExt`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) to create it," msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "`&OsStr` to `OsString`: you need to clone the data in `&OsStr` to be able to " "return it and call `readdir` again." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "The [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) also has a very " "useful chapter about FFI." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "Copy the code below to and fill in the missing " "functions and methods:" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"macos\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "// Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "" "// Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t and\n" " // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n" " // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "// Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"x86_64\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "" "// See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section on\n" " // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n" " //\n" " // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" " "refers\n" " // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and " "PowerPC.\n" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"readdir$INODE64\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "" "// Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" " // otherwise return Err with a message." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "// Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md msgid "// Call closedir as needed." msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "\".\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"files: {:#?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "" "// Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" " // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"Invalid path: {err}\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "// SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"Could not open {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "" "// Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" " // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "// We have reached the end of the directory.\n" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "" "// SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n" " // terminated.\n" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "// Call closedir as needed.\n" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "// SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"Could not close {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"no-such-directory\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"Non UTF-8 character in path\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"..\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"foo.txt\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"The Foo Diaries\\n\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"bar.png\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"\\n\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"crab.rs\"" msgstr "" #: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md msgid "\"//! Crab\\n\"" msgstr "" #: src/android.md msgid "Welcome to Rust in Android" msgstr "" #: src/android.md msgid "" "Rust is supported for system software on Android. This means that you can " "write new services, libraries, drivers or even firmware in Rust (or improve " "existing code as needed)." msgstr "" #: src/android.md msgid "" "We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to " "find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code " "to Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something " "that parses some raw bytes would be ideal." msgstr "" #: src/android.md msgid "" "The speaker may mention any of the following given the increased use of Rust " "in Android:" msgstr "" #: src/android.md msgid "" "Service example: [DNS over HTTP](https://security.googleblog.com/2022/07/dns-" "over-http3-in-android.html)" msgstr "" #: src/android.md msgid "" "Libraries: [Rutabaga Virtual Graphics Interface](https://crosvm.dev/book/" "appendix/rutabaga_gfx.html)" msgstr "" #: src/android.md msgid "" "Kernel Drivers: [Binder](https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/20231101-" "rust-binder-v1-0-08ba9197f637@google.com/)" msgstr "" #: src/android.md msgid "" "Firmware: [pKVM firmware](https://security.googleblog.com/2023/10/bare-metal-" "rust-in-android.html)" msgstr "" #: src/android/setup.md msgid "" "We will be using a Cuttlefish Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make " "sure you have access to one or create a new one with:" msgstr "" #: src/android/setup.md msgid "" "Please see the [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/" "setup/start) for details." msgstr "" #: src/android/setup.md msgid "" "Cuttlefish is a reference Android device designed to work on generic Linux " "desktops. MacOS support is also planned." msgstr "" #: src/android/setup.md msgid "" "The Cuttlefish system image maintains high fidelity to real devices, and is " "the ideal emulator to run many Rust use cases." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "Module Type" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "Description" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "`rust_binary`" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "Produces a Rust binary." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "`rust_library`" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and `dylib` variants." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "`rust_ffi`" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "" "Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and provides both static " "and shared variants." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "`rust_proc_macro`" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "" "Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are analogous to compiler " "plugins." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "`rust_test`" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard Rust test harness." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "`rust_fuzz`" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging `libfuzzer`." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "`rust_protobuf`" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "" "Generates source and produces a Rust library that provides an interface for " "a particular protobuf." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "`rust_bindgen`" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "" "Generates source and produces a Rust library containing Rust bindings to C " "libraries." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "Additional items speaker may mention:" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "" "Cargo is not optimized for multi-language repos, and also downloads packages " "from the internet." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "" "For compliance and performance, Android must have crates in-tree. It must " "also interop with C/C++/Java code. Soong fills that gap." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "" "Soong has many similarities to Bazel, which is the open-source variant of " "Blaze (used in google3)." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "" "There is a plan to transition [Android](https://source.android.com/docs/" "setup/build/bazel/introduction), [ChromeOS](https://chromium.googlesource." "com/chromiumos/bazel/), and [Fuchsia](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/" "build/bazel/introduction) to Bazel." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "Learning Bazel-like build rules is useful for all Rust OS developers." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules.md msgid "Fun fact: Data from Star Trek is a Soong-type Android." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md msgid "Rust Binaries" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md msgid "" "Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, " "create the following files:" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md msgid "\"hello_rust\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md #: src/android/logging.md msgid "\"src/main.rs\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "//! Rust demo.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "\"Hello from Rust!\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md msgid "" "```shell\n" "m hello_rust\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust\" /data/local/tmp\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "Rust Libraries" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "`libgreeting`, which we define below," msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "" "`libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in [`external/rust/crates/`]" "(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/" "crates/)." msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "\"hello_rust_with_dep\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "\"libgreetings\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "\"libtextwrap\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "// Need this to avoid dynamic link error.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "\"greetings\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "\"src/lib.rs\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "//! Greeting library.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "/// Greet `name`.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:" msgstr "" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md msgid "" "```shell\n" "m hello_rust_with_dep\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep\" /data/local/" "tmp\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl.md msgid "" "The [Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)](https://developer.android." "com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in Rust:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl.md msgid "Rust code can call existing AIDL servers," msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl.md msgid "You can create new AIDL servers in Rust." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/birthday-service.md msgid "" "To illustrate how to use Rust with Binder, we're going to walk through the " "process of creating a Binder interface. We're then going to both implement " "the described service and write client code that talks to that service." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md msgid "AIDL Interfaces" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md msgid "" "_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md msgid "/** Birthday service interface. */" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md msgid "/** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md msgid "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md msgid "\"com.example.birthdayservice\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md msgid "\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md msgid "// Rust is not enabled by default\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md msgid "" "Note that the directory structure under the `aidl/` directory needs to match " "the package name used in the AIDL file, i.e. the package is `com.example." "birthdayservice` and the file is at `aidl/com/example/IBirthdayService.aidl`." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md msgid "Generated Service API" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md msgid "" "Binder generates a trait corresponding to the interface definition. trait to " "talk to the service." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md #, fuzzy msgid "_Generated trait_:" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md msgid "" "Your service will need to implement this trait, and your client will use " "this trait to talk to the service." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md msgid "" "The generated bindings can be found at `out/soong/.intermediates//`." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md msgid "" "Point out how the generated function signature, specifically the argument " "and return types, correspond the interface definition." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md msgid "" "`String` for an argument results in a different Rust type than `String` as a " "return type." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md msgid "Service Implementation" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md msgid "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md msgid "/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "\"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md msgid "\"libbirthdayservice\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "\"birthdayservice\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "\"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "\"libbinder_rs\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md msgid "" "Point out the path to the generated `IBirthdayService` trait, and explain " "why each of the segments is necessary." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md msgid "" "TODO: What does the `binder::Interface` trait do? Are there methods to " "override? Where source?" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md msgid "AIDL Server" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md msgid "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md msgid "//! Birthday service.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md msgid "/// Entry point for birthday service.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md msgid "\"Failed to register service\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md msgid "\"birthday_server\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md msgid "\"src/server.rs\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "// To avoid dynamic link error.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md msgid "" "The process for taking a user-defined service implementation (in this case " "the `BirthdayService` type, which implements the `IBirthdayService`) and " "starting it as a Binder service has multiple steps, and may appear more " "complicated than students are used to if they've used Binder from C++ or " "another language. Explain to students why each step is necessary." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md msgid "Create an instance of your service type (`BirthdayService`)." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md msgid "" "Wrap the service object in corresponding `Bn*` type (`BnBirthdayService` in " "this case). This type is generated by Binder and provides the common Binder " "functionality that would be provided by the `BnBinder` base class in C++. We " "don't have inheritance in Rust, so instead we use composition, putting our " "`BirthdayService` within the generated `BnBinderService`." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md msgid "" "Call `add_service`, giving it a service identifier and your service object " "(the `BnBirthdayService` object in the example)." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md msgid "" "Call `join_thread_pool` to add the current thread to Binder's thread pool " "and start listening for connections." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/deploy.md msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/deploy.md msgid "" "```shell\n" "m birthday_server\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server\" /data/local/" "tmp\n" "adb root\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/deploy.md msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/deploy.md msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "AIDL Client" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md msgid "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "/// Call the birthday service.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md src/android/aidl/types/objects.md #: src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "\"Failed to connect to BirthdayService\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "// Call the service.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "\"{msg}\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "\"birthday_client\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "\"src/client.rs\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "" "```shell\n" "m birthday_client\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client\" /data/local/" "tmp\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "" "`Strong` is the trait object representing the service " "that the client has connected to." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "" "`Strong` is a custom smart pointer type for Binder. It handles both an in-" "process ref count for the service trait object, and the global Binder ref " "count that tracks how many processes have a reference to the object." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "" "Note that the trait object that the client uses to talk to the service uses " "the exact same trait that the server implements. For a given Binder " "interface, there is a single Rust trait generated that both client and " "server use." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md msgid "" "Use the same service identifier used when registering the service. This " "should ideally be defined in a common crate that both the client and server " "can depend on." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md msgid "" "Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients " "specify a list of lines for the birthday card:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md msgid "This results in an updated trait definition for `IBirthdayService`:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md msgid "" "Note how the `String[]` in the AIDL definition is translated as a " "`&[String]` in Rust, i.e. that idiomatic Rust types are used in the " "generated bindings wherever possible:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md msgid "`in` array arguments are translated to slices." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md msgid "`out` and `inout` args are translated to `&mut Vec`." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md msgid "Return values are translated to returning a `Vec`." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md msgid "Updating Client and Service" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md msgid "Update the client and server code to account for the new API." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md msgid "'\\n'" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md msgid "\"Habby birfday to yuuuuu\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md msgid "\"And also: many more\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md msgid "" "TODO: Move code snippets into project files where they'll actually be built?" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types.md msgid "Working With AIDL Types" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types.md msgid "AIDL types translate into the appropriate idiomatic Rust type:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types.md msgid "Primitive types map (mostly) to idiomatic Rust types." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types.md msgid "Collection types like slices, `Vec`s and string types are supported." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types.md msgid "" "References to AIDL objects and file handles can be sent between clients and " "services." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types.md msgid "File handles and parcelables are fully supported." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "Primitive types map (mostly) idiomatically:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md #, fuzzy msgid "AIDL Type" msgstr "AIDL" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md #, fuzzy msgid "Rust Type" msgstr "āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "Note" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md #, fuzzy msgid "`boolean`" msgstr "`bool`" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "`byte`" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "`i8`" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "Note that bytes are signed." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "`u16`" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "Note the usage of `u16`, NOT `u32`." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "`int`" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "`i32`" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "`long`" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "`i64`" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "`float`" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "`f32`" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "`double`" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md msgid "`f64`" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md msgid "" "The array types (`T[]`, `byte[]`, and `List`) get translated to the " "appropriate Rust array type depending on how they are used in the function " "signature:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md #, fuzzy msgid "Position" msgstr "āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md msgid "`in` argument" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md #, fuzzy msgid "`&[T]`" msgstr "Slices" #: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md msgid "`out`/`inout` argument" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md msgid "`&mut Vec`" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md msgid "Return" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "`Vec`" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md msgid "" "In Android 13 or higher, fixed-size arrays are supported, i.e. `T[N]` " "becomes `[T; N]`. Fixed-size arrays can have multiple dimensions (e.g. " "int\\[3\\]\\[4\\]). In the Java backend, fixed-size arrays are represented " "as array types." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md msgid "Arrays in parcelable fields always get translated to `Vec`." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md msgid "" "AIDL objects can be sent either as a concrete AIDL type or as the type-" "erased `IBinder` interface:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md msgid "" "**birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayInfoProvider." "aidl**:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "" "**birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl**:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md msgid "/** The same thing, but using a binder object. */" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md msgid "/** The same thing, but using `IBinder`. */" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "**birthday_service/src/client.rs**:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md msgid "/// Rust struct implementing the `IBirthdayInfoProvider` interface.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md msgid "// Create a binder object for the `IBirthdayInfoProvider` interface.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md msgid "// Send the binder object to the service.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md msgid "" "// Perform the same operation but passing the provider as an `SpIBinder`.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md msgid "" "Note the usage of `BnBirthdayInfoProvider`. This serves the same purpose as " "`BnBirthdayService` that we saw previously." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md msgid "Binder for Rust supports sending parcelables directly:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md msgid "" "**birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/BirthdayInfo.aidl**:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md msgid "/** The same thing, but with a parcelable. */" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "" "Files can be sent between Binder clients/servers using the " "`ParcelFileDescriptor` type:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "/** The same thing, but loads info from a file. */" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "// Open a file and put the birthday info in it.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "\"/data/local/tmp/birthday.info\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "\"{name}\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "\"{years}\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "// Create a `ParcelFileDescriptor` from the file and send it.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "**birthday_service/src/lib.rs**:" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "" "// Convert the file descriptor to a `File`. `ParcelFileDescriptor` wraps\n" " // an `OwnedFd`, which can be cloned and then used to create a " "`File`\n" " // object.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "\"Invalid file handle\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "" "`ParcelFileDescriptor` wraps an `OwnedFd`, and so can be created from a " "`File` (or any other type that wraps an `OwnedFd`), and can be used to " "create a new `File` handle on the other side." msgstr "" #: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md msgid "" "Other types of file descriptors can be wrapped and sent, e.g. TCP, UDP, and " "UNIX sockets." msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md msgid "" "You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) " "or `stdout` (on-host):" msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md msgid "\"hello_rust_logs\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md msgid "\"liblog_rust\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md msgid "\"liblogger\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md msgid "//! Rust logging demo.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md msgid "/// Logs a greeting.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md msgid "\"rust\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md msgid "\"Starting program.\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md msgid "\"Things are going fine.\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md msgid "\"Something went wrong!\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:" msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md msgid "" "```shell\n" "m hello_rust_logs\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs\" /data/local/" "tmp\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/android/logging.md msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability.md msgid "" "Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This " "means that you can:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability.md msgid "Call Rust functions from other languages." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability.md msgid "Call functions written in other languages from Rust." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability.md msgid "" "When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a " "_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md msgid "Interoperability with C" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md msgid "" "Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention. " "Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md msgid "\"{x}, {abs_x}\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md msgid "" "We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper exercise](../../exercises/day-3/" "safe-ffi-wrapper.md)." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md msgid "" "This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for " "production." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md msgid "We will look at better options next." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "Using Bindgen" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "" "The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) " "tool can auto-generate bindings from a C header file." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "First create a small C library:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"libbirthday.h\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"+--------------\\n\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"libbirthday\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"libbirthday.c\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "" "Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this " "example):" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"libbirthday_bindgen\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"birthday_bindgen\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"libbirthday_wrapper.h\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"bindings\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"print_birthday_card\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"main.rs\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "//! Bindgen demo.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "// SAFETY: `print_card` is safe to call with a valid `card` pointer.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "" "```shell\n" "m print_birthday_card\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card\" /data/local/" "tmp\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"libbirthday_bindgen_test\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\":libbirthday_bindgen\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"general-tests\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "\"none\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md msgid "// Generated file, skip linting\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "Calling Rust" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "//! Rust FFI demo.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "/// Analyze the numbers.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "\"x ({x}) is smallest!\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "\"libanalyze_ffi\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "\"analyze_ffi\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "\"analyze.rs\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "\"analyze.h\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "\"analyze_numbers\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "\"main.c\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "" "```shell\n" "m analyze_numbers\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers\" /data/local/" "tmp\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md msgid "" "`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol " "will just be the name of the function. You can also use `#[export_name = " "\"some_name\"]` to specify whatever name you want." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md msgid "" "The [CXX crate](https://cxx.rs/) makes it possible to do safe " "interoperability between Rust and C++." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md msgid "The overall approach looks like this:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md msgid "" "CXX relies on a description of the function signatures that will be exposed " "from each language to the other. You provide this description using extern " "blocks in a Rust module annotated with the `#[cxx::bridge]` attribute macro." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md msgid "\"org::blobstore\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md msgid "// Shared structs with fields visible to both languages.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md msgid "// Rust types and signatures exposed to C++.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md #, fuzzy msgid "\"Rust\"" msgstr "Rustdoc" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md msgid "// C++ types and signatures exposed to Rust.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md msgid "\"C++\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md msgid "\"include/blobstore.h\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md msgid "The bridge is generally declared in an `ffi` module within your crate." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md msgid "" "From the declarations made in the bridge module, CXX will generate matching " "Rust and C++ type/function definitions in order to expose those items to " "both languages." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md msgid "" "To view the generated Rust code, use [cargo-expand](https://github.com/" "dtolnay/cargo-expand) to view the expanded proc macro. For most of the " "examples you would use `cargo expand ::ffi` to expand just the `ffi` module " "(though this doesn't apply for Android projects)." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md msgid "To view the generated C++ code, look in `target/cxxbridge`." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md msgid "Rust Bridge Declarations" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md msgid "// Opaque type\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md msgid "// Method on `MyType`\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md #, fuzzy msgid "// Free function\n" msgstr "āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ¨" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md msgid "" "Items declared in the `extern \"Rust\"` reference items that are in scope in " "the parent module." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md msgid "" "The CXX code generator uses your `extern \"Rust\"` section(s) to produce a C+" "+ header file containing the corresponding C++ declarations. The generated " "header has the same path as the Rust source file containing the bridge, " "except with a .rs.h file extension." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md msgid "Results in (roughly) the following C++:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md msgid "C++ Bridge Declarations" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md msgid "Results in (roughly) the following Rust:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md msgid "\"org$blobstore$cxxbridge1$new_blobstore_client\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md msgid "\"org$blobstore$cxxbridge1$BlobstoreClient$put\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md msgid "" "The programmer does not need to promise that the signatures they have typed " "in are accurate. CXX performs static assertions that the signatures exactly " "correspond with what is declared in C++." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md msgid "" "`unsafe extern` blocks allow you to declare C++ functions that are safe to " "call from Rust." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md msgid "// A=1, J=11, Q=12, K=13\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md msgid "Only C-like (unit) enums are supported." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md msgid "" "A limited number of traits are supported for `#[derive()]` on shared types. " "Corresponding functionality is also generated for the C++ code, e.g. if you " "derive `Hash` also generates an implementation of `std::hash` for the " "corresponding C++ type." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md #, fuzzy msgid "Generated Rust:" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md msgid "Generated C++:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md msgid "" "On the Rust side, the code generated for shared enums is actually a struct " "wrapping a numeric value. This is because it is not UB in C++ for an enum " "class to hold a value different from all of the listed variants, and our " "Rust representation needs to have the same behavior." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md msgid "\"fallible1 requires depth > 0\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md msgid "\"Success!\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md msgid "" "Rust functions that return `Result` are translated to exceptions on the C++ " "side." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md msgid "" "The exception thrown will always be of type `rust::Error`, which primarily " "exposes a way to get the error message string. The error message will come " "from the error type's `Display` impl." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md msgid "" "A panic unwinding from Rust to C++ will always cause the process to " "immediately terminate." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md msgid "\"example/include/example.h\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md msgid "\"Error: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md msgid "" "C++ functions declared to return a `Result` will catch any thrown exception " "on the C++ side and return it as an `Err` value to the calling Rust function." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md msgid "" "If an exception is thrown from an extern \"C++\" function that is not " "declared by the CXX bridge to return `Result`, the program calls C++'s `std::" "terminate`. The behavior is equivalent to the same exception being thrown " "through a `noexcept` C++ function." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md #, fuzzy msgid "C++ Type" msgstr "Types" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md #, fuzzy msgid "`rust::String`" msgstr "String" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "`&str`" msgstr "`&str`" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "`rust::Str`" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md #, fuzzy msgid "`CxxString`" msgstr "String" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "`std::string`" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "`&[T]`/`&mut [T]`" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "`rust::Slice`" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "`rust::Box`" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "`UniquePtr`" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "`std::unique_ptr`" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "`rust::Vec`" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "`CxxVector`" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "`std::vector`" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "" "These types can be used in the fields of shared structs and the arguments " "and returns of extern functions." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "" "Note that Rust's `String` does not map directly to `std::string`. There are " "a few reasons for this:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "" "`std::string` does not uphold the UTF-8 invariant that `String` requires." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "" "The two types have different layouts in memory and so can't be passed " "directly between languages." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md msgid "" "`std::string` requires move constructors that don't match Rust's move " "semantics, so a `std::string` can't be passed by value to Rust." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md #, fuzzy msgid "Building in Android" msgstr "āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻĄā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md msgid "" "Create a `cc_library_static` to build the C++ library, including the CXX " "generated header and source file." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md msgid "\"libcxx_test_cpp\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md msgid "\"cxx_test.cpp\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md msgid "\"cxx-bridge-header\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md msgid "\"libcxx_test_bridge_header\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md msgid "\"libcxx_test_bridge_code\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md msgid "" "Point out that `libcxx_test_bridge_header` and `libcxx_test_bridge_code` are " "the dependencies for the CXX-generated C++ bindings. We'll show how these " "are setup on the next slide." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md msgid "" "Note that you also need to depend on the `cxx-bridge-header` library in " "order to pull in common CXX definitions." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md msgid "" "Full docs for using CXX in Android can be found in [the Android docs]" "(https://source.android.com/docs/setup/build/rust/building-rust-modules/" "android-rust-patterns#rust-cpp-interop-using-cxx). You may want to share " "that link with the class so that students know where they can find these " "instructions again in the future." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md msgid "" "Create two genrules: One to generate the CXX header, and one to generate the " "CXX source file. These are then used as inputs to the `cc_library_static`." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md msgid "// Generate a C++ header containing the C++ bindings" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md msgid "// to the Rust exported functions in lib.rs." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md msgid "\"cxxbridge\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md msgid "\"$(location cxxbridge) $(in) --header > $(out)\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md msgid "\"lib.rs\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md msgid "\"lib.rs.h\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md msgid "// Generate the C++ code that Rust calls into." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md msgid "\"$(location cxxbridge) $(in) > $(out)\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md msgid "\"lib.rs.cc\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md msgid "" "The `cxxbridge` tool is a standalone tool that generates the C++ side of the " "bridge module. It is included in Android and available as a Soong tool." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md msgid "" "By convention, if your Rust source file is `lib.rs` your header file will be " "named `lib.rs.h` and your source file will be named `lib.rs.cc`. This naming " "convention isn't enforced, though." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md msgid "" "Create a `rust_binary` that depends on `libcxx` and your `cc_library_static`." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md msgid "\"cxx_test\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md msgid "\"libcxx\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "Interoperability with Java" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "" "Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface (JNI)](https://en." "wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni` crate](https://docs.rs/" "jni/) allows you to create a compatible library." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "\"system\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "\"Hello, {input}!\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "\"libhello_jni\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "\"hello_jni\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "\"libjni\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "We then call this function from Java:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "\"helloworld_jni\"" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md #, fuzzy msgid "\"HelloWorld.java\"" msgstr "Hello World!" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md #, fuzzy msgid "\"HelloWorld\"" msgstr "Hello World!" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/android/morning.md msgid "" "This is a group exercise: We will look at one of the projects you work with " "and try to integrate some Rust into it. Some suggestions:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/android/morning.md msgid "Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/android/morning.md msgid "Move a function from your project to Rust and call it." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/android/morning.md msgid "" "No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone " "in the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly." msgstr "" #: src/chromium.md msgid "Welcome to Rust in Chromium" msgstr "" #: src/chromium.md msgid "" "Rust is supported for third-party libraries in Chromium, with first-party " "glue code to connect between Rust and existing Chromium C++ code." msgstr "" #: src/chromium.md msgid "" "Today, we'll call into Rust to do something silly with strings. If you've " "got a corner of the code where you're displaying a UTF8 string to the user, " "feel free to follow this recipe in your part of the codebase instead of the " "exact part we talk about." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/setup.md msgid "" "Make sure you can build and run Chromium. Any platform and set of build " "flags is OK, so long as your code is relatively recent (commit position " "1223636 onwards, corresponding to November 2023):" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/setup.md msgid "" "(A component, debug build is recommended for quickest iteration time. This " "is the default!)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/setup.md msgid "" "See [How to build Chromium](https://www.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/get-" "the-code/) if you aren't already at that point. Be warned: setting up to " "build Chromium takes time." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/setup.md msgid "It's also recommended that you have Visual Studio code installed." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/setup.md msgid "About the exercises" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/setup.md msgid "" "This part of the course has a series of exercises which build on each other. " "We'll be doing them spread throughout the course instead of just at the end. " "If you don't have time to complete a certain part, don't worry: you can " "catch up in the next slot." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "The Rust community typically uses `cargo` and libraries from [crates.io]" "(https://crates.io/). Chromium is built using `gn` and `ninja` and a curated " "set of dependencies." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "When writing code in Rust, your choices are:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Use `gn` and `ninja` with the help of the templates from `//build/rust/*." "gni` (e.g. `rust_static_library` that we'll meet later). This uses " "Chromium's audited toolchain and crates." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Use `cargo`, but [restrict yourself to Chromium's audited toolchain and " "crates](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/" "docs/rust.md#Using-cargo)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Use `cargo`, trusting a [toolchain](https://rustup.rs/) and/or [crates " "downloaded from the internet](https://crates.io/)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "From here on we'll be focusing on `gn` and `ninja`, because this is how Rust " "code can be built into the Chromium browser. At the same time, Cargo is an " "important part of the Rust ecosystem and you should keep it in your toolbox." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md #, fuzzy msgid "Mini exercise" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "Split into small groups and:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Brainstorm scenarios where `cargo` may offer an advantage and assess the " "risk profile of these scenarios." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Discuss which tools, libraries, and groups of people need to be trusted when " "using `gn` and `ninja`, offline `cargo`, etc." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Ask students to avoid peeking at the speaker notes before completing the " "exercise. Assuming folks taking the course are physically together, ask them " "to discuss in small groups of 3-4 people." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Notes/hints related to the first part of the exercise (\"scenarios where " "Cargo may offer an advantage\"):" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "It's fantastic that when writing a tool, or prototyping a part of Chromium, " "one has access to the rich ecosystem of crates.io libraries. There is a " "crate for almost anything and they are usually quite pleasant to use. " "(`clap` for command-line parsing, `serde` for serializing/deserializing to/" "from various formats, `itertools` for working with iterators, etc.)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "`cargo` makes it easy to try a library (just add a single line to `Cargo." "toml` and start writing code)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "It may be worth comparing how CPAN helped make `perl` a popular choice. Or " "comparing with `python` + `pip`." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Development experience is made really nice not only by core Rust tools (e.g. " "using `rustup` to switch to a different `rustc` version when testing a crate " "that needs to work on nightly, current stable, and older stable) but also by " "an ecosystem of third-party tools (e.g. Mozilla provides `cargo vet` for " "streamlining and sharing security audits; `criterion` crate gives a " "streamlined way to run benchmarks)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "`cargo` makes it easy to add a tool via `cargo install --locked cargo-vet`." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "It may be worth comparing with Chrome Extensions or VScode extensions." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Broad, generic examples of projects where `cargo` may be the right choice:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Perhaps surprisingly, Rust is becoming increasingly popular in the industry " "for writing command line tools. The breadth and ergonomics of libraries is " "comparable to Python, while being more robust (thanks to the rich " "typesystem) and running faster (as a compiled, rather than interpreted " "language)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Participating in the Rust ecosystem requires using standard Rust tools like " "Cargo. Libraries that want to get external contributions, and want to be " "used outside of Chromium (e.g. in Bazel or Android/Soong build environments) " "should probably use Cargo." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "Examples of Chromium-related projects that are `cargo`\\-based:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "`serde_json_lenient` (experimented with in other parts of Google which " "resulted in PRs with performance improvements)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "Fontations libraries like `font-types`" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "`gnrt` tool (we will meet it later in the course) which depends on `clap` " "for command-line parsing and on `toml` for configuration files." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Disclaimer: a unique reason for using `cargo` was unavailability of `gn` " "when building and bootstrapping Rust standard library when building Rust " "toolchain." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "`run_gnrt.py` uses Chromium's copy of `cargo` and `rustc`. `gnrt` depends on " "third-party libraries downloaded from the internet, but `run_gnrt.py` asks " "`cargo` that only `--locked` content is allowed via `Cargo.lock`.)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Students may identify the following items as being implicitly or explicitly " "trusted:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "`rustc` (the Rust compiler) which in turn depends on the LLVM libraries, the " "Clang compiler, the `rustc` sources (fetched from GitHub, reviewed by Rust " "compiler team), binary Rust compiler downloaded for bootstrapping" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "`rustup` (it may be worth pointing out that `rustup` is developed under the " "umbrella of the https://github.com/rust-lang/ organization - same as `rustc`)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "`cargo`, `rustfmt`, etc." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Various internal infrastructure (bots that build `rustc`, system for " "distributing the prebuilt toolchain to Chromium engineers, etc.)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "Cargo tools like `cargo audit`, `cargo vet`, etc." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "" "Rust libraries vendored into `//third_party/rust` (audited by " "security@chromium.org)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/cargo.md msgid "Other Rust libraries (some niche, some quite popular and commonly used)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/policy.md msgid "Chromium Rust policy" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/policy.md msgid "" "Chromium does not yet allow first-party Rust except in rare cases as " "approved by Chromium's [Area Tech Leads](https://source.chromium.org/" "chromium/chromium/src/+/main:ATL_OWNERS)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/policy.md msgid "" "Chromium's policy on third party libraries is outlined [here](https://" "chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/adding_to_third_party." "md#rust) - Rust is allowed for third party libraries under various " "circumstances, including if they're the best option for performance or for " "security." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/policy.md msgid "" "Very few Rust libraries directly expose a C/C++ API, so that means that " "nearly all such libraries will require a small amount of first-party glue " "code." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/policy.md msgid "" "```bob\n" "\"C++\" Rust\n" ".- - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "-.\n" ": : : :\n" ": Existing Chromium : : Chromium Rust Existing " "Rust :\n" ": \"C++\" : : \"wrapper\" " "crate :\n" ": +---------------+ : : +----------------+ +-------------" "+ :\n" ": | | : : | | | " "| :\n" ": | o-----+-+-----------+-+-> o-+----------+--> " "| :\n" ": | | : Language : | | Crate | " "| :\n" ": +---------------+ : boundary : +----------------+ API +-------------" "+ :\n" ": : : :\n" "`- - - - - - - - - -' `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "-'\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/policy.md msgid "" "First-party Rust glue code for a particular third-party crate should " "normally be kept in `third_party/rust///wrapper`." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/policy.md msgid "Because of this, today's course will be heavily focused on:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/policy.md msgid "Bringing in third-party Rust libraries (\"crates\")" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/policy.md msgid "Writing glue code to be able to use those crates from Chromium C++." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/policy.md msgid "If this policy changes over time, the course will evolve to keep up." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "Build rules" msgstr "āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ" #: src/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "Rust code is usually built using `cargo`. Chromium builds with `gn` and " "`ninja` for efficiency --- its static rules allow maximum parallelism. Rust " "is no exception." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "Adding Rust code to Chromium" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "In some existing Chromium `BUILD.gn` file, declare a `rust_static_library`:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "```gn\n" "import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n" "\n" "rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n" " crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n" " sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "You can also add `deps` on other Rust targets. Later we'll use this to " "depend upon third party code." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "You must specify _both_ the crate root, _and_ a full list of sources. The " "`crate_root` is the file given to the Rust compiler representing the root " "file of the compilation unit --- typically `lib.rs`. `sources` is a complete " "list of all source files which `ninja` needs in order to determine when " "rebuilds are necessary." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "(There's no such thing as a Rust `source_set`, because in Rust, an entire " "crate is a compilation unit. A `static_library` is the smallest unit.)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "Students might be wondering why we need a gn template, rather than using " "[gn's built-in support for Rust static libraries](https://gn.googlesource." "com/gn/+/main/docs/reference.md#func_static_library). The answer is that " "this template provides support for CXX interop, Rust features, and unit " "tests, some of which we'll use later." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md msgid "Including `unsafe` Rust Code" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md msgid "" "Unsafe Rust code is forbidden in `rust_static_library` by default --- it " "won't compile. If you need unsafe Rust code, add `allow_unsafe = true` to " "the gn target. (Later in the course we'll see circumstances where this is " "necessary.)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md msgid "" "```gn\n" "import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n" "\n" "rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n" " crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n" " sources = [\n" " \"lib.rs\",\n" " \"hippopotamus.rs\"\n" " ]\n" " allow_unsafe = true\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md msgid "Simply add the above target to the `deps` of some Chromium C++ target." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md msgid "" "```gn\n" "import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n" "\n" "rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n" " crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n" " sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n" "}\n" "\n" "# or source_set, static_library etc.\n" "component(\"preexisting_cpp\") {\n" " deps = [ \":my_rust_lib\" ]\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md msgid "" "Types are elided in Rust code, which makes a good IDE even more useful than " "for C++. Visual Studio code works well for Rust in Chromium. To use it," msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md msgid "" "Ensure your VSCode has the `rust-analyzer` extension, not earlier forms of " "Rust support" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md msgid "" "`gn gen out/Debug --export-rust-project` (or equivalent for your output " "directory)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md msgid "`ln -s out/Debug/rust-project.json rust-project.json`" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md msgid "" "A demo of some of the code annotation and exploration features of rust-" "analyzer might be beneficial if the audience are naturally skeptical of IDEs." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md msgid "" "The following steps may help with the demo (but feel free to instead use a " "piece of Chromium-related Rust that you are most familiar with):" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md msgid "Open `components/qr_code_generator/qr_code_generator_ffi_glue.rs`" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md msgid "" "Place the cursor over the `QrCode::new` call (around line 26) in " "\\`qr_code_generator_ffi_glue.rs" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md msgid "" "Demo **show documentation** (typical bindings: vscode = ctrl k i; vim/CoC = " "K)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md msgid "" "Demo **go to definition** (typical bindings: vscode = F12; vim/CoC = g d). " "(This will take you to `//third_party/rust/.../qr_code-.../src/lib.rs`.)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md msgid "" "Demo **outline** and navigate to the `QrCode::with_bits` method (around line " "164; the outline is in the file explorer pane in vscode; typical vim/CoC " "bindings = space o)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md msgid "" "Demo **type annotations** (there are quote a few nice examples in the " "`QrCode::with_bits` method)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md msgid "" "It may be worth pointing out that `gn gen ... --export-rust-project` will " "need to be rerun after editing `BUILD.gn` files (which we will do a few " "times throughout the exercises in this session)." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md #, fuzzy msgid "Build rules exercise" msgstr "āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽ" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "In your Chromium build, add a new Rust target to `//ui/base/BUILD.gn` " "containing:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "**Important**: note that `no_mangle` here is considered a type of unsafety " "by the Rust compiler, so you'll need to to allow unsafe code in your `gn` " "target." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "Add this new Rust target as a dependency of `//ui/base:base`. Declare this " "function at the top of `ui/base/resource/resource_bundle.cc` (later, we'll " "see how this can be automated by bindings generation tools):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "Call this function from somewhere in `ui/base/resource/resource_bundle.cc` - " "we suggest the top of `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString`. Build " "and run Chromium, and ensure that \"Hello from Rust!\" is printed lots of " "times." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "If you use VSCode, now set up Rust to work well in VSCode. It will be useful " "in subsequent exercises. If you've succeeded, you will be able to use right-" "click \"Go to definition\" on `println!`." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "Where to find help" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "The options available to the [`rust_static_library` gn template](https://" "source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/" "rust_static_library.gni;l=16)" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "Information about [`#[no_mangle]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/reference/" "abi.html#the-no_mangle-attribute)" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "Information about [`extern \"C\"`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword." "extern.html)" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "Information about gn's [`--export-rust-project`](https://gn.googlesource.com/" "gn/+/main/docs/reference.md#compilation-database) switch" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "[How to install rust-analyzer in VSCode](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/" "languages/rust)" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "This example is unusual because it boils down to the lowest-common-" "denominator interop language, C. Both C++ and Rust can natively declare and " "call C ABI functions. Later in the course, we'll connect C++ directly to " "Rust." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "`allow_unsafe = true` is required here because `#[no_mangle]` might allow " "Rust to generate two functions with the same name, and Rust can no longer " "guarantee that the right one is called." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md msgid "" "If you need a pure Rust executable, you can also do that using the " "`rust_executable` gn template." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing.md msgid "" "Rust community typically authors unit tests in a module placed in the same " "source file as the code being tested. This was covered [earlier](../testing." "md) in the course and looks like this:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing.md msgid "" "In Chromium we place unit tests in a separate source file and we continue to " "follow this practice for Rust --- this makes tests consistently discoverable " "and helps to avoid rebuilding `.rs` files a second time (in the `test` " "configuration)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing.md msgid "" "This results in the following options for testing Rust code in Chromium:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing.md msgid "" "Native Rust tests (i.e. `#[test]`). Discouraged outside of `//third_party/" "rust`." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing.md msgid "" "`gtest` tests authored in C++ and exercising Rust via FFI calls. Sufficient " "when Rust code is just a thin FFI layer and the existing unit tests provide " "sufficient coverage for the feature." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing.md msgid "" "`gtest` tests authored in Rust and using the crate under test through its " "public API (using `pub mod for_testing { ... }` if needed). This is the " "subject of the next few slides." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing.md msgid "" "Mention that native Rust tests of third-party crates should eventually be " "exercised by Chromium bots. (Such testing is needed rarely --- only after " "adding or updating third-party crates.)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing.md msgid "" "Some examples may help illustrate when C++ `gtest` vs Rust `gtest` should be " "used:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing.md msgid "" "QR has very little functionality in the first-party Rust layer (it's just a " "thin FFI glue) and therefore uses the existing C++ unit tests for testing " "both the C++ and the Rust implementation (parameterizing the tests so they " "enable or disable Rust using a `ScopedFeatureList`)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing.md msgid "" "Hypothetical/WIP PNG integration may need to implement memory-safe " "implementation of pixel transformations that are provided by `libpng` but " "missing in the `png` crate - e.g. RGBA => BGRA, or gamma correction. Such " "functionality may benefit from separate tests authored in Rust." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md msgid "" "The [`rust_gtest_interop`](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/" "main/testing/rust_gtest_interop/README.md) library provides a way to:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md msgid "" "Use a Rust function as a `gtest` testcase (using the `#[gtest(...)]` " "attribute)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md msgid "" "Use `expect_eq!` and similar macros (similar to `assert_eq!` but not " "panicking and not terminating the test when the assertion fails)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md #, fuzzy msgid "Example:" msgstr "āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ" #: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md msgid "" "The simplest way to build Rust `gtest` tests is to add them to an existing " "test binary that already contains tests authored in C++. For example:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md msgid "" "```gn\n" "test(\"ui_base_unittests\") {\n" " ...\n" " sources += [ \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\" ]\n" " deps += [ \":my_rust_lib\" ]\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md msgid "" "Authoring Rust tests in a separate `static_library` also works, but requires " "manually declaring the dependency on the support libraries:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md msgid "" "```gn\n" "rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib_unittests\") {\n" " testonly = true\n" " is_gtest_unittests = true\n" " crate_root = \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\"\n" " sources = [ \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\" ]\n" " deps = [\n" " \":my_rust_lib\",\n" " \"//testing/rust_gtest_interop\",\n" " ]\n" "}\n" "\n" "test(\"ui_base_unittests\") {\n" " ...\n" " deps += [ \":my_rust_lib_unittests\" ]\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md msgid "" "After adding `:my_rust_lib` to GN `deps`, we still need to learn how to " "import and use `my_rust_lib` from `my_rust_lib_unittest.rs`. We haven't " "provided an explicit `crate_name` for `my_rust_lib` so its crate name is " "computed based on the full target path and name. Fortunately we can avoid " "working with such an unwieldy name by using the `chromium::import!` macro " "from the automatically-imported `chromium` crate:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md msgid "\"//ui/base:my_rust_lib\"" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md msgid "Under the covers the macro expands to something similar to:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md msgid "" "More information can be found in [the doc comment](https://source.chromium." "org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/chromium_prelude/" "chromium_prelude.rs?q=f:chromium_prelude.rs%20pub.use.*%5Cbimport%5Cb;%20-f:" "third_party&ss=chromium%2Fchromium%2Fsrc) of the `chromium::import` macro." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md msgid "" "`rust_static_library` supports specifying an explicit name via `crate_name` " "property, but doing this is discouraged. And it is discouraged because the " "crate name has to be globally unique. crates.io guarantees uniqueness of its " "crate names so `cargo_crate` GN targets (generated by the `gnrt` tool " "covered in a later section) use short crate names." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md #, fuzzy msgid "Testing exercise" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md msgid "Time for another exercise!" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md msgid "In your Chromium build:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md msgid "" "Add a testable function next to `hello_from_rust`. Some suggestions: adding " "two integers received as arguments, computing the nth Fibonacci number, " "summing integers in a slice, etc." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md msgid "Add a separate `..._unittest.rs` file with a test for the new function." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md msgid "Add the new tests to `BUILD.gn`." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md msgid "Build the tests, run them, and verify that the new test works." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "The Rust community offers multiple options for C++/Rust interop, with new " "tools being developed all the time. At the moment, Chromium uses a tool " "called CXX." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "You describe your whole language boundary in an interface definition " "language (which looks a lot like Rust) and then CXX tools generate " "declarations for functions and types in both Rust and C++." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "See the [CXX tutorial](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) for a full example of " "using this." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "Talk through the diagram. Explain that behind the scenes, this is doing just " "the same as you previously did. Point out that automating the process has " "the following benefits:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "The tool guarantees that the C++ and Rust sides match (e.g. you get compile " "errors if the `#[cxx::bridge]` doesn't match the actual C++ or Rust " "definitions, but with out-of-sync manual bindings you'd get Undefined " "Behavior)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "The tool automates generation of FFI thunks (small, C-ABI-compatible, free " "functions) for non-C features (e.g. enabling FFI calls into Rust or C++ " "methods; manual bindings would require authoring such top-level, free " "functions manually)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "The tool and the library can handle a set of core types - for example:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "`&[T]` can be passed across the FFI boundary, even though it doesn't " "guarantee any particular ABI or memory layout. With manual bindings `std::" "span` / `&[T]` have to be manually destructured and rebuilt out of a " "pointer and length - this is error-prone given that each language represents " "empty slices slightly differently)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "Smart pointers like `std::unique_ptr`, `std::shared_ptr`, and/or `Box` " "are natively supported. With manual bindings, one would have to pass C-ABI-" "compatible raw pointers, which would increase lifetime and memory-safety " "risks." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "`rust::String` and `CxxString` types understand and maintain differences in " "string representation across the languages (e.g. `rust::String::lossy` can " "build a Rust string from non-UTF8 input and `rust::String::c_str` can NUL-" "terminate a string)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md msgid "" "CXX requires that the whole C++/Rust boundary is declared in `cxx::bridge` " "modules inside `.rs` source code." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md msgid "\"example/include/blobstore.h\"" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md msgid "// Definitions of Rust types and functions go here" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md msgid "Point out:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md msgid "" "Although this looks like a regular Rust `mod`, the `#[cxx::bridge]` " "procedural macro does complex things to it. The generated code is quite a " "bit more sophisticated - though this does still result in a `mod` called " "`ffi` in your code." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md msgid "Native support for C++'s `std::unique_ptr` in Rust" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md msgid "Native support for Rust slices in C++" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md msgid "Calls from C++ to Rust, and Rust types (in the top part)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md msgid "Calls from Rust to C++, and C++ types (in the bottom part)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md msgid "" "**Common misconception**: It _looks_ like a C++ header is being parsed by " "Rust, but this is misleading. This header is never interpreted by Rust, but " "simply `#include`d in the generated C++ code for the benefit of C++ " "compilers." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md msgid "" "By far the most useful page when using CXX is the [type reference](https://" "cxx.rs/bindings.html)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md msgid "CXX fundamentally suits cases where:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md msgid "" "Your Rust-C++ interface is sufficiently simple that you can declare all of " "it." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md msgid "" "You're using only the types natively supported by CXX already, for example " "`std::unique_ptr`, `std::string`, `&[u8]` etc." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md msgid "" "It has many limitations --- for example lack of support for Rust's `Option` " "type." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md msgid "" "These limitations constrain us to using Rust in Chromium only for well " "isolated \"leaf nodes\" rather than for arbitrary Rust-C++ interop. When " "considering a use-case for Rust in Chromium, a good starting point is to " "draft the CXX bindings for the language boundary to see if it appears simple " "enough." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md msgid "" "You should also discuss some of the other sticky points with CXX, for " "example:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md msgid "" "Its error handling is based around C++ exceptions (given on the next slide)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md msgid "Function pointers are awkward to use." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md msgid "" "CXX's [support for `Result`](https://cxx.rs/binding/result.html) relies " "on C++ exceptions, so we can't use that in Chromium. Alternatives:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md msgid "The `T` part of `Result` can be:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md msgid "" "Returned via out parameters (e.g. via `&mut T`). This requires that `T` can " "be passed across the FFI boundary - for example `T` has to be:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md msgid "A primitive type (like `u32` or `usize`)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md msgid "" "A type natively supported by `cxx` (like `UniquePtr`) that has a suitable " "default value to use in a failure case (_unlike_ `Box`)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md msgid "" "Retained on the Rust side, and exposed via reference. This may be needed " "when `T` is a Rust type, which cannot be passed across the FFI boundary, and " "cannot be stored in `UniquePtr`." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md msgid "The `E` part of `Result` can be:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md msgid "" "Returned as a boolean (e.g. `true` representing success, and `false` " "representing failure)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md msgid "" "Preserving error details is in theory possible, but so far hasn't been " "needed in practice." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md #, fuzzy msgid "CXX Error Handling: QR Example" msgstr "āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md msgid "" "The QR code generator is [an example](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/" "chromium/src/+/main:components/qr_code_generator/qr_code_generator_ffi_glue." "rs;l=13-18;drc=7bf1b75b910ca430501b9c6a74c1d18a0223ecca) where a boolean is " "used to communicate success vs failure, and where the successful result can " "be passed across the FFI boundary:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md msgid "\"qr_code_generator\"" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md msgid "" "Students may be curious about the semantics of the `out_qr_size` output. " "This is not the size of the vector, but the size of the QR code (and " "admittedly it is a bit redundant - this is the square root of the size of " "the vector)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md msgid "" "It may be worth pointing out the importance of initializing `out_qr_size` " "before calling into the Rust function. Creation of a Rust reference that " "points to uninitialized memory results in Undefined Behavior (unlike in C++, " "when only the act of dereferencing such memory results in UB)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md msgid "" "If students ask about `Pin`, then explain why CXX needs it for mutable " "references to C++ data: the answer is that C++ data can’t be moved around " "like Rust data, because it may contain self-referential pointers." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md #, fuzzy msgid "CXX Error Handling: PNG Example" msgstr "āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md msgid "" "A prototype of a PNG decoder illustrates what can be done when the " "successful result cannot be passed across the FFI boundary:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md msgid "\"gfx::rust_bindings\"" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md msgid "/// This returns an FFI-friendly equivalent of `Result," msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md msgid "/// ()>`." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md msgid "/// C++ bindings for the `crate::png::ResultOfPngReader` type." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md msgid "/// C++ bindings for the `crate::png::PngReader` type." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md msgid "" "`PngReader` and `ResultOfPngReader` are Rust types --- objects of these " "types cannot cross the FFI boundary without indirection of a `Box`. We " "can't have an `out_parameter: &mut PngReader`, because CXX doesn't allow C++ " "to store Rust objects by value." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md msgid "" "This example illustrates that even though CXX doesn't support arbitrary " "generics nor templates, we can still pass them across the FFI boundary by " "manually specializing / monomorphizing them into a non-generic type. In the " "example `ResultOfPngReader` is a non-generic type that forwards into " "appropriate methods of `Result` (e.g. into `is_err`, `unwrap`, and/or " "`as_mut`)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md msgid "Using cxx in Chromium" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md msgid "" "In Chromium, we define an independent `#[cxx::bridge] mod` for each leaf-" "node where we want to use Rust. You'd typically have one for each " "`rust_static_library`. Just add" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md msgid "" "```gn\n" "cxx_bindings = [ \"my_rust_file.rs\" ]\n" " # list of files containing #[cxx::bridge], not all source files\n" "allow_unsafe = true\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md msgid "" "to your existing `rust_static_library` target alongside `crate_root` and " "`sources`." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md msgid "C++ headers will be generated at a sensible location, so you can just" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md msgid "\"ui/base/my_rust_file.rs.h\"" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md msgid "" "You will find some utility functions in `//base` to convert to/from Chromium " "C++ types to CXX Rust types --- for example [`SpanToRustSlice`](https://" "source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:base/containers/span_rust.h;" "l=21)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md msgid "Students may ask --- why do we still need `allow_unsafe = true`?" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md msgid "" "The broad answer is that no C/C++ code is \"safe\" by the normal Rust " "standards. Calling back and forth to C/C++ from Rust may do arbitrary things " "to memory, and compromise the safety of Rust's own data layouts. Presence of " "_too many_ `unsafe` keywords in C/C++ interop can harm the signal-to-noise " "ratio of such a keyword, and is [controversial](https://steveklabnik.com/" "writing/the-cxx-debate), but strictly, bringing any foreign code into a Rust " "binary can cause unexpected behavior from Rust's perspective." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md msgid "" "The narrow answer lies in the diagram at the top of [this page](../" "interoperability-with-cpp.md) --- behind the scenes, CXX generates Rust " "`unsafe` and `extern \"C\"` functions just like we did manually in the " "previous section." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md #, fuzzy msgid "Exercise: Interoperability with C++" msgstr "āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻƒāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "Part one" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "In the Rust file you previously created, add a `#[cxx::bridge]` which " "specifies a single function, to be called from C++, called " "`hello_from_rust`, taking no parameters and returning no value." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "Modify your previous `hello_from_rust` function to remove `extern \"C\"` and " "`#[no_mangle]`. This is now just a standard Rust function." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "Modify your `gn` target to build these bindings." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "In your C++ code, remove the forward-declaration of `hello_from_rust`. " "Instead, include the generated header file." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "Build and run!" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "Part two" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "It's a good idea to play with CXX a little. It helps you think about how " "flexible Rust in Chromium actually is." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md #, fuzzy msgid "Some things to try:" msgstr "āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ¨ā§‹āĻŸ:" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "Call back into C++ from Rust. You will need:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "An additional header file which you can `include!` from your `cxx::bridge`. " "You'll need to declare your C++ function in that new header file." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "An `unsafe` block to call such a function, or alternatively specify the " "`unsafe` keyword in your `#[cxx::bridge]` [as described here](https://cxx.rs/" "extern-c++.html#functions-and-member-functions)." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "You may also need to `#include \"third_party/rust/cxx/v1/crate/include/cxx." "h\"`" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "Pass a C++ string from C++ into Rust." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "Pass a reference to a C++ object into Rust." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "Intentionally get the Rust function signatures mismatched from the `#[cxx::" "bridge]`, and get used to the errors you see." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "Intentionally get the C++ function signatures mismatched from the `#[cxx::" "bridge]`, and get used to the errors you see." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "Pass a `std::unique_ptr` of some type from C++ into Rust, so that Rust can " "own some C++ object." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "Create a Rust object and pass it into C++, so that C++ owns it. (Hint: you " "need a `Box`)." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "Declare some methods on a C++ type. Call them from Rust." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "Declare some methods on a Rust type. Call them from C++." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "Part three" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "Now you understand the strengths and limitations of CXX interop, think of a " "couple of use-cases for Rust in Chromium where the interface would be " "sufficiently simple. Sketch how you might define that interface." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "The [`cxx` binding reference](https://cxx.rs/bindings.html)" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "The [`rust_static_library` gn template](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/" "chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/rust_static_library.gni;l=16)" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "Some of the questions you may encounter:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "I'm seeing a problem initializing a variable of type X with type Y, where X " "and Y are both function types. This is because your C++ function doesn't " "quite match the declaration in your `cxx::bridge`." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md msgid "" "I seem to be able to freely convert C++ references into Rust references. " "Doesn't that risk UB? For CXX's _opaque_ types, no, because they are zero-" "sized. For CXX trivial types yes, it's _possible_ to cause UB, although " "CXX's design makes it quite difficult to craft such an example." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "" "Rust libraries are called \"crates\" and are found at [crates.io](https://" "crates.io). It's _very easy_ for Rust crates to depend upon one another. So " "they do!" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md #, fuzzy msgid "C++ library" msgstr "āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋ" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md #, fuzzy msgid "Rust crate" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ‡āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md #, fuzzy msgid "Build system" msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ‡āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "Lots" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "Consistent: `Cargo.toml`" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "Typical library size" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "Large-ish" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "Small" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "Transitive dependencies" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "Few" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "For a Chromium engineer, this has pros and cons:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "" "All crates use a common build system so we can automate their inclusion into " "Chromium..." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "" "... but, crates typically have transitive dependencies, so you will likely " "have to bring in multiple libraries." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "We'll discuss:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "How to put a crate in the Chromium source code tree" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "How to make `gn` build rules for it" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md msgid "How to audit its source code for sufficient safety." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md msgid "Configuring the `Cargo.toml` file to add crates" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md msgid "" "Chromium has a single set of centrally-managed direct crate dependencies. " "These are managed through a single [`Cargo.toml`](https://source.chromium." "org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/Cargo." "toml):" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md msgid "" "```toml\n" "[dependencies]\n" "bitflags = \"1\"\n" "cfg-if = \"1\"\n" "cxx = \"1\"\n" "# lots more...\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md msgid "" "As with any other `Cargo.toml`, you can specify [more details about the " "dependencies](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/specifying-" "dependencies.html) --- most commonly, you'll want to specify the `features` " "that you wish to enable in the crate." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md msgid "" "When adding a crate to Chromium, you'll often need to provide some extra " "information in an additional file, `gnrt_config.toml`, which we'll meet next." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md msgid "" "Alongside `Cargo.toml` is [`gnrt_config.toml`](https://source.chromium.org/" "chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/gnrt_config." "toml). This contains Chromium-specific extensions to crate handling." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md msgid "" "If you add a new crate, you should specify at least the `group`. This is one " "of:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md msgid "For instance," msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md msgid "" "Depending on the crate source code layout, you may also need to use this " "file to specify where its `LICENSE` file(s) can be found." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md msgid "" "Later, we'll see some other things you will need to configure in this file " "to resolve problems." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md msgid "" "A tool called `gnrt` knows how to download crates and how to generate `BUILD." "gn` rules." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md msgid "To start, download the crate you want like this:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md msgid "" "Although the `gnrt` tool is part of the Chromium source code, by running " "this command you will be downloading and running its dependencies from " "`crates.io`. See [the earlier section](../cargo.md) discussing this security " "decision." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md msgid "This `vendor` command may download:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md #, fuzzy msgid "Your crate" msgstr "āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŸ-āĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md msgid "Direct and transitive dependencies" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md msgid "" "New versions of other crates, as required by `cargo` to resolve the complete " "set of crates required by Chromium." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md msgid "" "Chromium maintains patches for some crates, kept in `//third_party/rust/" "chromium_crates_io/patches`. These will be reapplied automatically, but if " "patching fails you may need to take manual action." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md msgid "" "Once you've downloaded the crate, generate the `BUILD.gn` files like this:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md msgid "Now run `git status`. You should find:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md msgid "" "At least one new crate source code in `third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/" "vendor`" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md msgid "" "At least one new `BUILD.gn` in `third_party/rust//v`" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md msgid "An appropriate `README.chromium`" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md msgid "" "The \"major semver version\" is a [Rust \"semver\" version number](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/semver.html)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md msgid "" "Take a close look, especially at the things generated in `third_party/rust`." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md msgid "" "Talk a little about semver --- and specifically the way that in Chromium " "it's to allow multiple incompatible versions of a crate, which is " "discouraged but sometimes necessary in the Cargo ecosystem." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "" "If your build fails, it may be because of a `build.rs`: programs which do " "arbitrary things at build time. This is fundamentally at odds with the " "design of `gn` and `ninja` which aim for static, deterministic, build rules " "to maximize parallelism and repeatability of builds." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "" "Some `build.rs` actions are automatically supported; others require action:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "build script effect" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "Supported by our gn templates" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "Work required by you" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "Checking rustc version to configure features on and off" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "None" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "Checking platform or CPU to configure features on and off" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md #, fuzzy msgid "Generating code" msgstr "āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻ¸" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "Yes - specify in `gnrt_config.toml`" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "Building C/C++" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "Patch around it" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "Arbitrary other actions" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md msgid "" "Fortunately, most crates don't contain a build script, and fortunately, most " "build scripts only do the top two actions." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md msgid "" "If `ninja` complains about missing files, check the `build.rs` to see if it " "writes source code files." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md msgid "" "If so, modify [`gnrt_config.toml`](../configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md) to " "add `build-script-outputs` to the crate. If this is a transitive dependency, " "that is, one on which Chromium code should not directly depend, also add " "`allow-first-party-usage=false`. There are several examples already in that " "file:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md msgid "" "```toml\n" "[crate.unicode-linebreak]\n" "allow-first-party-usage = false\n" "build-script-outputs = [\"tables.rs\"]\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md msgid "" "Now rerun [`gnrt.py -- gen`](../generating-gn-build-rules.md) to regenerate " "`BUILD.gn` files to inform ninja that this particular output file is input " "to subsequent build steps." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md msgid "" "Some crates use the [`cc`](https://crates.io/crates/cc) crate to build and " "link C/C++ libraries. Other crates parse C/C++ using [`bindgen`](https://" "crates.io/crates/bindgen) within their build scripts. These actions can't be " "supported in a Chromium context --- our gn, ninja and LLVM build system is " "very specific in expressing relationships between build actions." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md msgid "So, your options are:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md msgid "Avoid these crates" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md msgid "Apply a patch to the crate." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md msgid "" "Patches should be kept in `third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/patches/" "` - see for example the [patches against the `cxx` crate](https://" "source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/" "chromium_crates_io/patches/cxx/) - and will be applied automatically by " "`gnrt` each time it upgrades the crate." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md msgid "" "Once you've added a third-party crate and generated build rules, depending " "on a crate is simple. Find your `rust_static_library` target, and add a " "`dep` on the `:lib` target within your crate." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md msgid "Specifically," msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md msgid "" "```bob\n" " +------------+ +----------------------+\n" "\"//third_party/rust\" | crate name | \"/v\" | major semver version | \":" "lib\"\n" " +------------+ +----------------------+\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md msgid "" "```gn\n" "rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n" " crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n" " sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n" " deps = [ \"//third_party/rust/example_rust_crate/v1:lib\" ]\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md msgid "Auditing Third Party Crates" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md msgid "" "Adding new libraries is subject to Chromium's standard [policies](https://" "chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/docs/rust." "md#Third_party-review), but of course also subject to security review. As " "you may be bringing in not just a single crate but also transitive " "dependencies, there may be a lot of code to review. On the other hand, safe " "Rust code can have limited negative side effects. How should you review it?" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md msgid "" "Over time Chromium aims to move to a process based around [cargo vet]" "(https://mozilla.github.io/cargo-vet/)." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md msgid "" "Meanwhile, for each new crate addition, we are checking for the following:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md msgid "" "Understand why each crate is used. What's the relationship between crates? " "If the build system for each crate contains a `build.rs` or procedural " "macros, work out what they're for. Are they compatible with the way Chromium " "is normally built?" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md msgid "Check each crate seems to be reasonably well maintained" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md msgid "" "Use `cd third-party/rust/chromium_crates_io; cargo audit` to check for known " "vulnerabilities (first you'll need to `cargo install cargo-audit`, which " "ironically involves downloading lots of dependencies from the internet[2](../" "cargo.md))" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md msgid "" "Ensure any `unsafe` code is good enough for the [Rule of Two](https://" "chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/security/rule-of-2." "md#unsafe-code-in-safe-languages)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md msgid "Check for any use of `fs` or `net` APIs" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md msgid "" "Read all the code at a sufficient level to look for anything out of place " "that might have been maliciously inserted. (You can't realistically aim for " "100% perfection here: there's often just too much code.)" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md msgid "" "These are just guidelines --- work with reviewers from `security@chromium." "org` to work out the right way to become confident of the crate." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md msgid "Checking Crates into Chromium Source Code" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md msgid "`git status` should reveal:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md msgid "Crate code in `//third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io`" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md msgid "" "Metadata (`BUILD.gn` and `README.chromium`) in `//third_party/rust//" "`" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md msgid "Please also add an `OWNERS` file in the latter location." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md msgid "" "You should land all this, along with your `Cargo.toml` and `gnrt_config." "toml` changes, into the Chromium repo." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md msgid "" "**Important**: you need to use `git add -f` because otherwise `.gitignore` " "files may result in some files being skipped." msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md msgid "" "As you do so, you might find presubmit checks fail because of non-inclusive " "language. This is because Rust crate data tends to include names of git " "branches, and many projects still use non-inclusive terminology there. So " "you may need to run:" msgstr "" #: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/keeping-up-to-date.md msgid "" "As the OWNER of any third party Chromium dependency, you are [expected to " "keep it up to date with any security fixes](https://chromium.googlesource." "com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/adding_to_third_party.md#add-owners). It is " "hoped that we will soon automate this for Rust crates, but for now, it's " "still your responsibility just as it is for any other third party dependency." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "" "Add [uwuify](https://crates.io/crates/uwuify) to Chromium, turning off the " "crate's [default features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/" "features.html#the-default-feature). Assume that the crate will be used in " "shipping Chromium, but won't be used to handle untrustworthy input." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "" "(In the next exercise we'll use uwuify from Chromium, but feel free to skip " "ahead and do that now if you like. Or, you could create a new " "[`rust_executable` target](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/" "+/main:build/rust/rust_executable.gni) which uses `uwuify`)." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "Students will need to download lots of transitive dependencies." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "The total crates needed are:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "`instant`," msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "`lock_api`," msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "`parking_lot`," msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "`parking_lot_core`," msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "`redox_syscall`," msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "`scopeguard`," msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "`smallvec`, and" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "`uwuify`." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "" "If students are downloading even more than that, they probably forgot to " "turn off the default features." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md msgid "" "Thanks to [Daniel Liu](https://github.com/Daniel-Liu-c0deb0t) for this crate!" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "Bringing It Together --- Exercise" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "" "In this exercise, you're going to add a whole new Chromium feature, bringing " "together everything you already learned." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "The Brief from Product Management" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "" "A community of pixies has been discovered living in a remote rainforest. " "It's important that we get Chromium for Pixies delivered to them as soon as " "possible." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "" "The requirement is to translate all Chromium's UI strings into Pixie " "language." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "" "There's not time to wait for proper translations, but fortunately pixie " "language is very close to English, and it turns out there's a Rust crate " "which does the translation." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "" "In fact, you already [imported that crate in the previous exercise](https://" "crates.io/crates/uwuify)." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "" "(Obviously, real translations of Chrome require incredible care and " "diligence. Don't ship this!)" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "Steps" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "" "Modify `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString` so that it uwuifies all " "strings before display. In this special build of Chromium, it should always " "do this irrespective of the setting of `mangle_localized_strings_`." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "" "If you've done everything right across all these exercises, congratulations, " "you should have created Chrome for pixies!" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "" "UTF16 vs UTF8. Students should be aware that Rust strings are always UTF8, " "and will probably decide that it's better to do the conversion on the C++ " "side using `base::UTF16ToUTF8` and back again." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "" "If students decide to do the conversion on the Rust side, they'll need to " "consider [`String::from_utf16`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct." "String.html#method.from_utf16), consider error handling, and consider which " "[CXX supported types can transfer a lot of u16s](https://cxx.rs/binding/" "slice.html)." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "" "Students may design the C++/Rust boundary in several different ways, e.g. " "taking and returning strings by value, or taking a mutable reference to a " "string. If a mutable reference is used, CXX will likely tell the student " "that they need to use [`Pin`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/pin/). You may " "need to explain what `Pin` does, and then explain why CXX needs it for " "mutable references to C++ data: the answer is that C++ data can't be moved " "around like Rust data, because it may contain self-referential pointers." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "" "The C++ target containing `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString` will " "need to depend on a `rust_static_library` target. The student probably " "already did this." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md msgid "" "The `rust_static_library` target will need to depend on `//third_party/rust/" "uwuify/v0_2:lib`." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/chromium/solutions.md msgid "" "Solutions to the Chromium exercises can be found in [this series of CLs]" "(https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/5096560)." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md msgid "Welcome to Bare Metal Rust" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md msgid "" "This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people " "who are familiar with the basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the " "Comprehensive Rust course), and ideally also have some experience with bare-" "metal programming in some other language such as C." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md msgid "" "Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS " "underneath us. This will be divided into several parts:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md msgid "What is `no_std` Rust?" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md msgid "Writing firmware for microcontrollers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md msgid "Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md msgid "Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md msgid "" "For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit]" "(https://microbit.org/) v2 as an example. It's a [development board](https://" "tech.microbit.org/hardware/) based on the Nordic nRF51822 microcontroller " "with some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected accelerometer and compass, and " "an on-board SWD debugger." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md msgid "" "To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md msgid "" "And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md msgid "On MacOS:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`core`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`std`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "Slices, `&str`, `CStr`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`NonZeroU8`..." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Option`, `Result`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`panic!`, `assert_eq!`..." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Future` and `async`/`await`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Duration`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`String`, `CString`, `format!`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Error`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`File` and the rest of `fs`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Path`, `OsString`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`net`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`SystemTime`, `Instant`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`HashMap` depends on RNG." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md msgid "`std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/minimal.md msgid "A minimal `no_std` program" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/minimal.md msgid "This will compile to an empty binary." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/minimal.md msgid "`std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/minimal.md msgid "It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/minimal.md msgid "" "Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` to " "avoid an error about `eh_personality`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/minimal.md msgid "" "Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to " "define your own entry point. This will typically involve a linker script and " "some assembly code to set things up ready for Rust code to run." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "" "To use `alloc` you must implement a [global (heap) allocator](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "" "// Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called once.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "// Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "// Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md #, fuzzy msgid "\"A string\"" msgstr "String" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "" "`buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy " "system allocator. Other crates are available, or you can write your own or " "hook into your existing allocator." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "" "The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i.e. " "in this case it can allocate regions of up to 2\\*\\*32 bytes." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "" "If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have " "exactly one global allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in " "the top-level binary crate." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "" "`extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the `panic_halt` " "crate is linked in so we get its panic handler." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md msgid "This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md msgid "" "The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for " "Cortex M microcontrollers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md msgid "" "Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of " "abstraction." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md msgid "" "The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -" "> !`, because returning to the reset handler doesn't make sense." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md msgid "Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md msgid "" "Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try " "turning on an LED on our micro:bit:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md msgid "/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md msgid "// GPIO peripheral offsets\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md msgid "// PIN_CNF fields\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md msgid "// Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md msgid "" "// Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, and\n" " // no aliases exist.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md msgid "// Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md msgid "" "GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin 28 " "to the first row." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md msgid "Run the example with:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md msgid "Peripheral Access Crates" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md msgid "" "[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust " "wrappers for memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/" "pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html) files." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md msgid "" "SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by " "silicon vendors which describe the memory map of the device." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md msgid "" "They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, " "descriptions, addresses and so on." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md msgid "" "SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects " "which patch the mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated " "crates." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md msgid "`cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md msgid "" "If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run `cargo objdump --bin " "pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting binary." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md msgid "HAL crates" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md msgid "" "[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-" "implementation-crates) for many microcontrollers provide wrappers around " "various peripherals. These generally implement traits from [`embedded-hal`]" "(https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md msgid "// Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md msgid "" "`set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` trait." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md msgid "" "HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various " "STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP, MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md msgid "Board support crates" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md msgid "" "Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific " "board for convenience." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md msgid "" "In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, " "and a bit of initialisation." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md msgid "" "The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of the " "microcontroller itself." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md msgid "`microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "The type state pattern" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "// let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "// ...\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "// pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "" "Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can " "exist. Once a pin is moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "" "Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you " "can’t keep use the old instance afterwards." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "" "The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, " "the configuration state of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into " "the type system, and ensures that you don't try to use a pin in a certain " "way without properly configuring it first. Illegal state transitions are " "caught at compile time." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "" "You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, but " "not vice-versa." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md msgid "Many HAL crates follow this pattern." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "" "The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a " "number of traits covering common microcontroller peripherals." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "GPIO" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "ADC" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "I2C, SPI, UART, CAN" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "RNG" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "Timers" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "Watchdogs" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "" "Other crates then implement [drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/" "awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) in terms of these traits, e.g. an " "accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus implementation." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "" "There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other " "platforms such as Linux on Raspberry Pi." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md msgid "" "There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it " "isn't stable yet." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, " "like OpenOCD but better integrated." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "SWD (Serial Wire Debug) and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "GDB stub and Microsoft DAP (Debug Adapter Protocol) server" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "Cargo integration" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log RTT " "(Real Time Transfers) output and connect GDB. It's configured by an `Embed." "toml` file in your project directory." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is " "an Arm standard protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the " "CoreSight Debug Access Port of various Arm Cortex processors. It's what the " "on-board debugger on the BBC micro:bit uses." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-Link " "is a range from SEGGER." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin " "Serial Wire Debug." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you " "want to." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-" "adapter-protocol/) lets VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any " "supported microcontroller." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md msgid "" "RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the debug " "host and the target through a number of ringbuffers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md msgid "_Embed.toml_:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md msgid "On gLinux or Debian:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md msgid "In GDB, try running:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "Other projects" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "\"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "" "Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer queue" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "[Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "`async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "" "Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection Unit " "support" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "" "Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, " "unprivileged drivers, IPC" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "[Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "" "Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g. [esp-idf](https://esp-rs." "github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "It doesn't include any HALs." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "" "It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for " "scheduling rather than a proper kernel." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "Cortex-M only." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "" "Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md msgid "" "FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing " "applications." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md msgid "" "We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a " "serial port." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md msgid "" "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-" "morning.md) provided." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a " "serial port. If you have time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or " "use the buttons somehow." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "Hints:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/" "latest/lsm303agr/) and [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/" "microbit/) crates, as well as the [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit." "org/hardware/)." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C bus." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::" "blocking::i2c::WriteRead` trait. The [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/" "microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) struct implements this." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/" "struct.Board.html) struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "You can also look at the [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi." "com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but it shouldn't be necessary for " "this exercise." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and " "look in the `compass` directory for the following files." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "_src/main.rs_:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "_Cargo.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "_Embed.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "_.cargo/config.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "" "Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md msgid "// Configure serial port.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md msgid "// Use the system timer as a delay provider.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md msgid "// Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md msgid "\"Setting up IMU...\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md msgid "// Set up display and timer.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md msgid "\"Ready.\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md msgid "// Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md msgid "\"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md msgid "" "// If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink all " "LEDs\n" " // on.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps.md msgid "Application processors" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps.md msgid "" "So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. " "Now let's try writing something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work " "with QEMU's aarch64 ['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/" "virt.html) board." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps.md msgid "" "Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of " "privilege (exception levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application " "processors do." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps.md msgid "" "QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for each " "architecture. The 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real " "hardware, but is designed purely for virtual machines." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "Before we can start running Rust code, we need to do some initialisation." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "```armasm\n" ".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n" ".global entry\n" "entry:\n" " /*\n" " * Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable " "MMU and\n" " * caches.\n" " */\n" " adrp x30, idmap\n" " msr ttbr0_el1, x30\n" "\n" " mov_i x30, .Lmairval\n" " msr mair_el1, x30\n" "\n" " mov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n" " /* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n" " mrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n" " bfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n" "\n" " msr tcr_el1, x30\n" "\n" " mov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n" "\n" " /*\n" " * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate " "any\n" " * potentially stale local TLB entries before they start being used.\n" " */\n" " isb\n" " tlbi vmalle1\n" " ic iallu\n" " dsb nsh\n" " isb\n" "\n" " /*\n" " * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until " "this\n" " * has completed.\n" " */\n" " msr sctlr_el1, x30\n" " isb\n" "\n" " /* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n" " mrs x30, cpacr_el1\n" " orr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n" " msr cpacr_el1, x30\n" " isb\n" "\n" " /* Zero out the bss section. */\n" " adr_l x29, bss_begin\n" " adr_l x30, bss_end\n" "0: cmp x29, x30\n" " b.hs 1f\n" " stp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n" " b 0b\n" "\n" "1: /* Prepare the stack. */\n" " adr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n" " mov sp, x30\n" "\n" " /* Set up exception vector. */\n" " adr x30, vector_table_el1\n" " msr vbar_el1, x30\n" "\n" " /* Call into Rust code. */\n" " bl main\n" "\n" " /* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n" "2: wfi\n" " b 2b\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "This is the same as it would be for C: initialising the processor state, " "zeroing the BSS, and setting up the stack pointer." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "The BSS (block starting symbol, for historical reasons) is the part of the " "object file which containing statically allocated variables which are " "initialised to zero. They are omitted from the image, to avoid wasting space " "on zeroes. The compiler assumes that the loader will take care of zeroing " "them." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "The BSS may already be zeroed, depending on how memory is initialised and " "the image is loaded, but we zero it to be sure." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "We need to enable the MMU and cache before reading or writing any memory. If " "we don't:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "Unaligned accesses will fault. We build the Rust code for the `aarch64-" "unknown-none` target which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler " "generating unaligned accesses, so it should be fine in this case, but this " "is not necessarily the case in general." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The " "problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, " "while the host has cacheable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host " "doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache " "fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost when the cache " "is cleaned or the VM enables the cache. (Cache is keyed by physical address, " "not VA or IPA.)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "For simplicity, we just use a hardcoded pagetable (see `idmap.S`) which " "identity maps the first 1 GiB of address space for devices, the next 1 GiB " "for DRAM, and another 1 GiB higher up for more devices. This matches the " "memory layout that QEMU uses." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "We also set up the exception vector (`vbar_el1`), which we'll see more about " "later." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md msgid "" "All examples this afternoon assume we will be running at exception level 1 " "(EL1). If you need to run at a different exception level you'll need to " "modify `entry.S` accordingly." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "Inline assembly" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with " "Rust code. For example, to make an HVC (hypervisor call) to tell the " "firmware to power off the system:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "// Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n" " // anything with memory.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "\"hvc #0\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "\"w0\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "\"w1\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "\"w2\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "\"w3\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "\"w4\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "\"w5\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "\"w6\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "\"w7\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "(If you actually want to do this, use the [`smccc`](https://crates.io/crates/" "smccc) crate which has wrappers for all these functions.)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of " "functions to manage system and CPU power states, among other things. It is " "implemented by EL3 firmware and hypervisors on many systems." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the " "inline assembly code, and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use " "`inout` rather than `in` because the call could potentially clobber the " "contents of the registers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "This `main` function needs to be `#[no_mangle]` and `extern \"C\"` because " "it is called from our entry point in `entry.S`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "`_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are conventionally " "used by the bootloader to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. " "According to the standard aarch64 calling convention (which is what `extern " "\"C\"` specifies to use), registers `x0`–`x7` are used for the first 8 " "arguments passed to a function, so `entry.S` doesn't need to do anything " "special except make sure it doesn't change these registers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md msgid "" "Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" "examples`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "Volatile memory access for MMIO" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "Never hold a reference." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "" "`addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an intermediate " "reference." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "" "Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so prevent " "the compiler or hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "" "Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the " "compiler may assume that the value read is the same as the value just " "written, and not bother actually reading memory." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "" "Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, but " "this is unsound. Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to " "dereference it." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md msgid "" "Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to the " "struct." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md msgid "Let's write a UART driver" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md msgid "" "The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/" "documentation/ddi0183/g) UART, so let's write a driver for that." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md msgid "/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "" "/// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n" " /// given base address.\n" " ///\n" " /// # Safety\n" " ///\n" " /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of " "a\n" " /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " "process\n" " /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "/// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "// Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md msgid "" "// Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "// Write to the TX buffer.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "// Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md msgid "" "Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is " "because as long as the caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety " "requirements are met (i.e. that there is only ever one instance of the " "driver for a given UART, and nothing else aliasing its address space), then " "it is always safe to call `write_byte` later because we can assume the " "necessary preconditions." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md msgid "" "We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but " "`write_byte` unsafe), but that would be much less convenient to use as every " "place that calls `write_byte` would need to reason about the safety" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md msgid "" "This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving " "the burden of proof for soundness from a large number of places to a smaller " "number of places." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md msgid "More traits" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md msgid "" "We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more " "traits too." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" "// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" "// accessed from any context.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md msgid "" "Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with our " "`Uart` type." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md msgid "" "Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" "examples`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "A better UART driver" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "" "The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers](https://developer.arm.com/" "documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers), and adding " "offsets to construct pointers to access them is error-prone and hard to " "read. Plus, some of them are bit fields which would be nice to access in a " "structured way." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "Offset" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "Register name" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "Width" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x00" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "DR" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "12" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x04" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "RSR" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x18" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "FR" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "9" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x20" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "ILPR" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x24" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "IBRD" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "16" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x28" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "FBRD" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x2c" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "LCR_H" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x30" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "CR" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x34" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "IFLS" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x38" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "IMSC" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "11" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x3c" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "RIS" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x40" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "MIS" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x44" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "ICR" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "0x48" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "DMACR" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md msgid "There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "" "The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for " "working with bitflags." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "/// Flags from the UART flag register.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "/// Clear to send.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "/// Data set ready.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "/// Data carrier detect.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "/// UART busy transmitting data.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "/// Receive FIFO is empty.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "/// Transmit FIFO is full.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "/// Receive FIFO is full.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "/// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "/// Ring indicator.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md msgid "" "The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along " "with a bunch of method implementations to get and set flags." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md msgid "Multiple registers" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md msgid "" "We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md msgid "" "[`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-" "representation) tells the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, " "following the same rules as C. This is necessary for our struct to have a " "predictable layout, as default Rust representation allows the compiler to " "(among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "" "// Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "" "/// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been\n" " /// received.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "// TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md msgid "" "Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual " "fields without creating an intermediate reference, which would be unsound." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md msgid "Using it" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md msgid "" "Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, " "and echo incoming bytes." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" "// Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n" " // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md msgid "\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md msgid "b'\\r'" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "b'\\n'" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md msgid "b'q'" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md msgid "\"Bye!\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md msgid "" "As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` " "function is called from our entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker " "notes there for details." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md msgid "" "Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md msgid "" "It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`]" "(https://crates.io/crates/log) crate. We can do this by implementing the " "`Log` trait." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md msgid "\"[{}] {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md msgid "/// Initialises UART logger.\n" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md msgid "" "The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling " "`set_logger`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"{info}\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md msgid "Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md msgid "" "Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" "examples`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md msgid "" "AArch64 defines an exception vector table with 16 entries, for 4 types of " "exceptions (synchronous, IRQ, FIQ, SError) from 4 states (current EL with " "SP0, current EL with SPx, lower EL using AArch64, lower EL using AArch32). " "We implement this in assembly to save volatile registers to the stack before " "calling into Rust code:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md msgid "EL is exception level; all our examples this afternoon run in EL1." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md msgid "" "For simplicity we aren't distinguishing between SP0 and SPx for the current " "EL exceptions, or between AArch32 and AArch64 for the lower EL exceptions." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md msgid "" "For this example we just log the exception and power down, as we don't " "expect any of them to actually happen." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md msgid "" "We can think of exception handlers and our main execution context more or " "less like different threads. [`Send` and `Sync`](../../concurrency/send-sync." "md) will control what we can share between them, just like with threads. For " "example, if we want to share some value between exception handlers and the " "rest of the program, and it's `Send` but not `Sync`, then we'll need to wrap " "it in something like a `Mutex` and put it in a static." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "\"coreboot without the C\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "" "[Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-" "raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "" "Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, " "exception handling, page tables" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "" "Some dodginess around cache maintenance and initialisation in Rust, not " "necessarily a good example to copy for production code." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "" "The RaspberryPi OS tutorial runs Rust code before the MMU and caches are " "enabled. This will read and write memory (e.g. the stack). However:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "" "Without the MMU and cache, unaligned accesses will fault. It builds with " "`aarch64-unknown-none` which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler " "generating unaligned accesses so it should be alright, but this is not " "necessarily the case in general." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md msgid "" "If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The " "problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, " "while the host has cacheable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host " "doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache " "fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost. Again this is " "alright in this particular case (running directly on the hardware with no " "hypervisor), but isn't a good pattern in general." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md msgid "Useful crates" msgstr "āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŸ-āĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md msgid "" "We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal " "programming." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md msgid "" "The [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) crate (from Fuchsia) provides " "traits and macros for safely converting between byte sequences and other " "types." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md msgid "" "This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), " "but can be useful for working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by " "DMA, or sent over some external interface." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md msgid "" "`FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is " "valid, and so can safely be converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md msgid "" "Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because " "`RequestType` doesn't use all possible u32 values as discriminants, so not " "all byte patterns are valid." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md msgid "" "`zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md msgid "" "Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/" "zerocopy-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate " "dependency.)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md msgid "" "The [`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) crate lets " "you create page tables according to the AArch64 Virtual Memory System " "Architecture." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md msgid "// Create a new page table with identity mapping." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md msgid "// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md msgid "// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md msgid "" "For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels should " "be straightforward to add." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md msgid "" "This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware](https://cs.android." "com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:packages/modules/Virtualization/" "pvmfw/)." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md msgid "" "There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real hardware " "or under QEMU." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md msgid "" "[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator) " "is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator. It can " "be used both for [`LockedHeap`](https://docs.rs/buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/" "buddy_system_allocator/struct.LockedHeap.html) implementing [`GlobalAlloc`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html) so you can use " "the standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before](../alloc.md)), or for " "allocating other address space. For example, we might want to allocate MMIO " "space for PCI BARs:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md msgid "PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md msgid "" "Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/" "allocator-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate " "dependency.)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md msgid "" "Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without " "heap allocation. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec) provides " "this: a vector backed by an array or slice, which could be statically " "allocated or on the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used " "and panics if you try to use more than are allocated." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md msgid "" "`tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for " "initialisation." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md msgid "" "The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine inline." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md msgid "" "`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` " "are not available in `core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or " "interior mutability, such as for sharing state between different CPUs?" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md msgid "" "The [`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) crate provides spinlock-based " "equivalents of many of these primitives." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md msgid "Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md msgid "" "`spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of `RwLock`, " "`Barrier` and `Once` from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md msgid "" "The [`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell) crate also has some " "useful types for late initialisation with a slightly different approach to " "`spin::once::Once`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md msgid "" "The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/android.md msgid "" "To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a " "`rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` " "with a linker script to produce the binary itself, and then a `raw_binary` " "to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md msgid "vmbase" msgstr "vmbase" #: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md msgid "" "For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase](https://android." "googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Virtualization/+/refs/heads/" "master/vmbase/) library provides a linker script and useful defaults for the " "build rules, along with an entry point, UART console logging and more." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md msgid "" "The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` " "entry point." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md msgid "" "The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a " "PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown the VM if your main function returns." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md msgid "" "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-" "afternoon.md) provided." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "RTC driver" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031](https://developer.arm.com/" "documentation/ddi0224/c) real-time clock at 0x9010000. For this exercise, " "you should write a driver for it." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "Use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use the " "[`chrono`](https://crates.io/crates/chrono) crate for date/time formatting." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "Use the match register and raw interrupt status to busy-wait until a given " "time, e.g. 3 seconds in the future. (Call [`core::hint::spin_loop`](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/core/hint/fn.spin_loop.html) inside the loop.)" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "_Extension if you have time:_ Enable and handle the interrupt generated by " "the RTC match. You can use the driver provided in the [`arm-gic`](https://" "docs.rs/arm-gic/) crate to configure the Arm Generic Interrupt Controller." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "Use the RTC interrupt, which is wired to the GIC as `IntId::spi(2)`." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "Once the interrupt is enabled, you can put the core to sleep via `arm_gic::" "wfi()`, which will cause the core to sleep until it receives an interrupt." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and " "look in the `rtc` directory for the following files." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "" "_src/exceptions.rs_ (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of " "the exercise):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "_src/logger.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "_src/pl011.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "_build.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "_entry.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "_exceptions.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "_idmap.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "_image.ld_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "_Makefile_ (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon" msgstr "Bare Metal Rust: āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "_main.rs_:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" "// Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the base\n" " // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n" " // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" "// Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 device,\n" " // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"RTC: {time}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "// Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"Waiting for {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"Finished waiting\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "// Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "_pl031.rs_:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// Data register\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// Match register\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// Load register\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// Control register\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// Raw Interrupt Status\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// Masked Interrupt Status\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// Interrupt Clear Register\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" "/// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at the\n" " /// given base address.\n" " ///\n" " /// # Safety\n" " ///\n" " /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of " "a\n" " /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " "process\n" " /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// Reads the current RTC value.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" "// Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" "/// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an interrupt\n" " /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" "/// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or " "not\n" " /// the interrupt is enabled.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" "/// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n" " ///\n" " /// This should be true if and only if `matched` returns true and the\n" " /// interrupt is masked.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" "/// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n" " ///\n" " /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false " "the\n" " /// interrupt is disabled.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "/// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency.md msgid "Welcome to Concurrency in Rust" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency.md msgid "" "Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and " "channels." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency.md msgid "" "The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs " "compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since " "you can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/threads.md msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/threads.md msgid "\"Count in thread: {i}!\"" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/threads.md msgid "\"Main thread: {i}\"" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/threads.md msgid "Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/threads.md msgid "Thread panics are independent of each other." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/threads.md msgid "Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/threads.md msgid "" "Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 --- the main thread " "is not waiting." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/threads.md msgid "" "Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for " "the thread to finish." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/threads.md msgid "Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/threads.md msgid "" "Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the " "panic payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`](https://doc.rust-" "lang.org/std/any/index.html)." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md msgid "" "However, you can use a [scoped thread](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/" "fn.scope.html) for this:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md msgid "" "The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all " "the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed data." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md msgid "" "Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one " "thread, or immutably by any number of threads." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels.md msgid "" "Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender` and a `Receiver`. The two " "parts are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels.md msgid "\"Received: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels.md msgid "" "`mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` " "implement `Clone` (so you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does " "not." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels.md msgid "" "`send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the " "counterpart `Sender` or `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md msgid "\"Message {i}\"" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\"" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: done\"" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md msgid "\"Main: got {msg}\"" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md msgid "" "With bounded (synchronous) channels, `send` can block the current thread:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md msgid "" "Calling `send` will block the current thread until there is space in the " "channel for the new message. The thread can be blocked indefinitely if there " "is nobody who reads from the channel." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md msgid "" "A call to `send` will abort with an error (that is why it returns `Result`) " "if the channel is closed. A channel is closed when the receiver is dropped." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md msgid "" "A bounded channel with a size of zero is called a \"rendezvous channel\". " "Every send will block the current thread until another thread calls `read`." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync.md msgid "" "How does Rust know to forbid shared access across threads? The answer is in " "two traits:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync.md msgid "" "[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): a type `T` " "is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread boundary." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync.md msgid "" "[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): a type `T` " "is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread boundary." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync.md msgid "" "`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). The " "compiler will automatically derive them for your types as long as they only " "contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when " "you know it is valid." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync.md msgid "" "One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-" "safety properties." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync.md msgid "They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md msgid "" "A type `T` is [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) " "if it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md msgid "" "The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will " "run in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one " "thread and deallocate it in another." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md msgid "" "As an example, a connection to the SQLite library must only be accessed from " "a single thread." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md msgid "" "A type `T` is [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) " "if it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple threads at the same time." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md msgid "More precisely, the definition is:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md msgid "`T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md msgid "" "This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is " "thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it " "across threads." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md msgid "" "This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across " "multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization " "issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type " "is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references can " "be accessed from any thread safely." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`Send + Sync`" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`String`, `Option`, `Vec`, `Box`, ..." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`Arc`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`Mutex`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "" "The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are " "`Send + Sync`." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`Send + !Sync`" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "" "These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe. " "Typically because of interior mutability:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`mpsc::Sender`" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`mpsc::Receiver`" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`Cell`" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`RefCell`" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`!Send + Sync`" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "" "These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "" "`MutexGuard`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on " "the thread which created them." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "`!Send + !Sync`" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "" "`Rc`: each `Rc` has a reference to an `RcBox`, which contains a non-" "atomic reference count." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md msgid "" "`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special concurrency " "considerations." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state.md msgid "" "Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is " "primarily done via two types:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state.md msgid "" "[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), atomic " "reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and takes care to " "deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped," msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state.md msgid "" "[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): ensures " "mutually exclusive access to the `T` value." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md msgid "" "[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) allows shared " "read-only access via `Arc::clone`:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md msgid "\"v: {v:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md msgid "" "`Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` " "that uses atomic operations." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md msgid "" "`Arc` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` " "and `Sync` if and only if `T` implements them both." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md msgid "" "`Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but " "after that the use of the `T` is free." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md msgid "" "Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect " "them." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md msgid "`std::sync::Weak` can help." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md msgid "" "[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) ensures " "mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T` behind a read-only " "interface (another form of [interior mutability](../../borrowing/interior-" "mutability)):" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md msgid "\"v: {:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md msgid "" "Notice how we have a [`impl Sync for Mutex`](https://doc.rust-" "lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E) blanket " "implementation." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md msgid "" "`Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element --- the " "protected data." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md msgid "" "It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the " "protected data." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md msgid "" "You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex` by taking the lock. The " "`MutexGuard` ensures that the `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md msgid "" "`Mutex` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff (if and only if) `T` " "implements `Send`." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md msgid "A read-write lock counterpart: `RwLock`." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md msgid "Why does `lock()` return a `Result`?" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md msgid "" "If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes " "\"poisoned\" to signal that the data it protected might be in an " "inconsistent state. Calling `lock()` on a poisoned mutex fails with a " "[`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html). " "You can call `into_inner()` on the error to recover the data regardless." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md msgid "// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md msgid "Possible solution:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md msgid "Notable parts:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md msgid "" "`v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are " "orthogonal." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md msgid "" "Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state " "between threads." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md msgid "" "`v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another " "thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md msgid "" "Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as " "possible." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md msgid "Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md msgid "" "Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to " "download dependencies and then check links in parallel." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md msgid "" "Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has " "their own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish " "served is a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each " "philosopher can only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can " "only eat their spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two " "forks will only be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, " "not eating. After an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put " "down both forks." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md msgid "" "You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) " "for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill " "out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "// left_fork: ..." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "// right_fork: ..." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "// thoughts: ..." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md msgid "// Pick up forks..." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"{} is eating...\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"Socrates\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"Hypatia\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"Plato\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"Aristotle\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"Pythagoras\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "// Create forks" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "// Create philosophers" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md msgid "// Make each of them think and eat 100 times" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "// Output their thoughts" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md msgid "" "```toml\n" "[package]\n" "name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n" "version = \"0.1.0\"\n" "edition = \"2021\"\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "" "Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It " "should start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It " "should recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this " "until all pages have been validated." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "" "For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/" "reqwest/). Create a new Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "" "If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the " "`Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "" "You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`](https://docs." "rs/scraper/) for that:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "" "Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`]" "(https://docs.rs/thiserror/) for that:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "" "The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "" "```toml\n" "[package]\n" "name = \"link-checker\"\n" "version = \"0.1.0\"\n" "edition = \"2021\"\n" "publish = false\n" "\n" "[dependencies]\n" "reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-" "tls\"] }\n" "scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n" "thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "" "You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as `https://" "www.google.org/`." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "\"request error: {0}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "\"bad http response: {0}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "\"Checking {:#}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "\"href\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: {err}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "\"https://www.google.org\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "\"Links: {links:#?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "" "Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a " "channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md msgid "" "Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the `www.google." "org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you don't end up " "being blocked by the site." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "Concurrency Morning Exercise" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "\"{} is trying to eat\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "" "// To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n" " // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n" " // either of them.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "\"{thought}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md #, fuzzy msgid "Link Checker" msgstr "āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĨā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻĄā§‡āĻĄ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ™ā§āĻ• āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻžāĻ°" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "([back to exercise](link-checker.md))" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "" "/// Determine whether links within the given page should be extracted.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "" "/// Mark the given page as visited, returning false if it had already\n" " /// been visited.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "// The sender got dropped. No more commands coming in.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "\"Got crawling error: {:#}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md msgid "\"Bad URLs: {:#?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/async.md msgid "Async Rust" msgstr "" #: src/async.md msgid "" "\"Async\" is a concurrency model where multiple tasks are executed " "concurrently by executing each task until it would block, then switching to " "another task that is ready to make progress. The model allows running a " "larger number of tasks on a limited number of threads. This is because the " "per-task overhead is typically very low and operating systems provide " "primitives for efficiently identifying I/O that is able to proceed." msgstr "" #: src/async.md msgid "" "Rust's asynchronous operation is based on \"futures\", which represent work " "that may be completed in the future. Futures are \"polled\" until they " "signal that they are complete." msgstr "" #: src/async.md msgid "" "Futures are polled by an async runtime, and several different runtimes are " "available." msgstr "" #: src/async.md msgid "" "Python has a similar model in its `asyncio`. However, its `Future` type is " "callback-based, and not polled. Async Python programs require a \"loop\", " "similar to a runtime in Rust." msgstr "" #: src/async.md msgid "" "JavaScript's `Promise` is similar, but again callback-based. The language " "runtime implements the event loop, so many of the details of Promise " "resolution are hidden." msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md msgid "" "At a high level, async Rust code looks very much like \"normal\" sequential " "code:" msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md msgid "\"Count is: {i}!\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md msgid "" "Note that this is a simplified example to show the syntax. There is no long " "running operation or any real concurrency in it!" msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md msgid "What is the return type of an async call?" msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md msgid "Use `let future: () = async_main(10);` in `main` to see the type." msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md msgid "" "The \"async\" keyword is syntactic sugar. The compiler replaces the return " "type with a future." msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md msgid "" "You cannot make `main` async, without additional instructions to the " "compiler on how to use the returned future." msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md msgid "" "You need an executor to run async code. `block_on` blocks the current thread " "until the provided future has run to completion." msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md msgid "" "`.await` asynchronously waits for the completion of another operation. " "Unlike `block_on`, `.await` doesn't block the current thread." msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md msgid "" "`.await` can only be used inside an `async` function (or block; these are " "introduced later)." msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md msgid "" "[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html) is a " "trait, implemented by objects that represent an operation that may not be " "complete yet. A future can be polled, and `poll` returns a [`Poll`](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)." msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md msgid "" "An async function returns an `impl Future`. It's also possible (but " "uncommon) to implement `Future` for your own types. For example, the " "`JoinHandle` returned from `tokio::spawn` implements `Future` to allow " "joining to it." msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md msgid "" "The `.await` keyword, applied to a Future, causes the current async function " "to pause until that Future is ready, and then evaluates to its output." msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md msgid "" "The `Future` and `Poll` types are implemented exactly as shown; click the " "links to show the implementations in the docs." msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md msgid "" "We will not get to `Pin` and `Context`, as we will focus on writing async " "code, rather than building new async primitives. Briefly:" msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md msgid "" "`Context` allows a Future to schedule itself to be polled again when an " "event occurs." msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md msgid "" "`Pin` ensures that the Future isn't moved in memory, so that pointers into " "that future remain valid. This is required to allow references to remain " "valid after an `.await`." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes.md msgid "" "A _runtime_ provides support for performing operations asynchronously (a " "_reactor_) and is responsible for executing futures (an _executor_). Rust " "does not have a \"built-in\" runtime, but several options are available:" msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes.md msgid "" "[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/): performant, with a well-developed ecosystem of " "functionality like [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) for HTTP or [Tonic](https://" "github.com/hyperium/tonic) for gRPC." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes.md msgid "" "[async-std](https://async.rs/): aims to be a \"std for async\", and includes " "a basic runtime in `async::task`." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes.md msgid "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/): simple and lightweight" msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes.md msgid "" "Several larger applications have their own runtimes. For example, [Fuchsia]" "(https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/fuchsia-" "async/src/lib.rs) already has one." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes.md msgid "" "Note that of the listed runtimes, only Tokio is supported in the Rust " "playground. The playground also does not permit any I/O, so most interesting " "async things can't run in the playground." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes.md msgid "" "Futures are \"inert\" in that they do not do anything (not even start an I/O " "operation) unless there is an executor polling them. This differs from JS " "Promises, for example, which will run to completion even if they are never " "used." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "Tokio provides:" msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "A multi-threaded runtime for executing asynchronous code." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "An asynchronous version of the standard library." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "A large ecosystem of libraries." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "\"Count in task: {i}!\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "\"Main task: {i}\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "With the `tokio::main` macro we can now make `main` async." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "The `spawn` function creates a new, concurrent \"task\"." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "Note: `spawn` takes a `Future`, you don't call `.await` on `count_to`." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "**Further exploration:**" msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "" "Why does `count_to` not (usually) get to 10? This is an example of async " "cancellation. `tokio::spawn` returns a handle which can be awaited to wait " "until it finishes." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "Try `count_to(10).await` instead of spawning." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md msgid "Try awaiting the task returned from `tokio::spawn`." msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md msgid "Rust has a task system, which is a form of lightweight threading." msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md msgid "" "A task has a single top-level future which the executor polls to make " "progress. That future may have one or more nested futures that its `poll` " "method polls, corresponding loosely to a call stack. Concurrency within a " "task is possible by polling multiple child futures, such as racing a timer " "and an I/O operation." msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md msgid "\"127.0.0.1:0\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md msgid "\"listening on port {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md msgid "\"connection from {addr:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md msgid "b\"Who are you?\\n\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md msgid "\"socket error\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md msgid "\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "" "Copy this example into your prepared `src/main.rs` and run it from there." msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md msgid "" "Try connecting to it with a TCP connection tool like [nc](https://www.unix." "com/man-page/linux/1/nc/) or [telnet](https://www.unix.com/man-page/linux/1/" "telnet/)." msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md msgid "" "Ask students to visualize what the state of the example server would be with " "a few connected clients. What tasks exist? What are their Futures?" msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md msgid "" "This is the first time we've seen an `async` block. This is similar to a " "closure, but does not take any arguments. Its return value is a Future, " "similar to an `async fn`." msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md msgid "" "Refactor the async block into a function, and improve the error handling " "using `?`." msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md msgid "" "Several crates have support for asynchronous channels. For instance `tokio`:" msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md msgid "\"Received {count} pings so far.\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md msgid "\"ping_handler complete\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md msgid "\"Failed to send ping.\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md msgid "\"Sent {} pings so far.\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md msgid "\"Something went wrong in ping handler task.\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md msgid "Change the channel size to `3` and see how it affects the execution." msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md msgid "" "Overall, the interface is similar to the `sync` channels as seen in the " "[morning class](concurrency/channels.md)." msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md msgid "Try removing the `std::mem::drop` call. What happens? Why?" msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md msgid "" "The [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) crate has channels that " "implement both `sync` and `async` `send` and `recv`. This can be convenient " "for complex applications with both IO and heavy CPU processing tasks." msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md msgid "" "What makes working with `async` channels preferable is the ability to " "combine them with other `future`s to combine them and create complex control " "flow." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow.md msgid "Futures Control Flow" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow.md msgid "" "Futures can be combined together to produce concurrent compute flow graphs. " "We have already seen tasks, that function as independent threads of " "execution." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow.md msgid "[Join](control-flow/join.md)" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow.md msgid "[Select](control-flow/select.md)" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "" "A join operation waits until all of a set of futures are ready, and returns " "a collection of their results. This is similar to `Promise.all` in " "JavaScript or `asyncio.gather` in Python." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "\"https://google.com\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "\"https://httpbin.org/ip\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "\"https://play.rust-lang.org/\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "\"BAD_URL\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "" "For multiple futures of disjoint types, you can use `std::future::join!` but " "you must know how many futures you will have at compile time. This is " "currently in the `futures` crate, soon to be stabilised in `std::future`." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "" "The risk of `join` is that one of the futures may never resolve, this would " "cause your program to stall." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/join.md msgid "" "You can also combine `join_all` with `join!` for instance to join all " "requests to an http service as well as a database query. Try adding a " "`tokio::time::sleep` to the future, using `futures::join!`. This is not a " "timeout (that requires `select!`, explained in the next chapter), but " "demonstrates `join!`." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "" "A select operation waits until any of a set of futures is ready, and " "responds to that future's result. In JavaScript, this is similar to `Promise." "race`. In Python, it compares to `asyncio.wait(task_set, return_when=asyncio." "FIRST_COMPLETED)`." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "" "Similar to a match statement, the body of `select!` has a number of arms, " "each of the form `pattern = future => statement`. When a `future` is ready, " "its return value is destructured by the `pattern`. The `statement` is then " "run with the resulting variables. The `statement` result becomes the result " "of the `select!` macro." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "\"Felix\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "\"Failed to send cat.\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "\"Rex\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "\"Failed to send dog.\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "\"Failed to receive winner\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "\"Winner is {winner:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "" "In this example, we have a race between a cat and a dog. " "`first_animal_to_finish_race` listens to both channels and will pick " "whichever arrives first. Since the dog takes 50ms, it wins against the cat " "that take 500ms." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "" "You can use `oneshot` channels in this example as the channels are supposed " "to receive only one `send`." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "" "Try adding a deadline to the race, demonstrating selecting different sorts " "of futures." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "" "Note that `select!` drops unmatched branches, which cancels their futures. " "It is easiest to use when every execution of `select!` creates new futures." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md msgid "" "An alternative is to pass `&mut future` instead of the future itself, but " "this can lead to issues, further discussed in the pinning slide." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls.md msgid "Pitfalls of async/await" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls.md msgid "" "Async / await provides convenient and efficient abstraction for concurrent " "asynchronous programming. However, the async/await model in Rust also comes " "with its share of pitfalls and footguns. We illustrate some of them in this " "chapter:" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls.md msgid "[Blocking the Executor](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls.md msgid "[Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls.md msgid "[Async Traits](pitfalls/async-traits.md)" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls.md msgid "[Cancellation](pitfalls/cancellation.md)" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "Blocking the executor" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "" "Most async runtimes only allow IO tasks to run concurrently. This means that " "CPU blocking tasks will block the executor and prevent other tasks from " "being executed. An easy workaround is to use async equivalent methods where " "possible." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "\"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "\"current_thread\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "" "Run the code and see that the sleeps happen consecutively rather than " "concurrently." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "" "The `\"current_thread\"` flavor puts all tasks on a single thread. This " "makes the effect more obvious, but the bug is still present in the multi-" "threaded flavor." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "" "Switch the `std::thread::sleep` to `tokio::time::sleep` and await its result." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "" "Another fix would be to `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` which spawns an actual " "thread and transforms its handle into a future without blocking the executor." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "" "You should not think of tasks as OS threads. They do not map 1 to 1 and most " "executors will allow many tasks to run on a single OS thread. This is " "particularly problematic when interacting with other libraries via FFI, " "where that library might depend on thread-local storage or map to specific " "OS threads (e.g., CUDA). Prefer `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` in such " "situations." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md msgid "" "Use sync mutexes with care. Holding a mutex over an `.await` may cause " "another task to block, and that task may be running on the same thread." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "Async blocks and functions return types implementing the `Future` trait. The " "type returned is the result of a compiler transformation which turns local " "variables into data stored inside the future." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "Some of those variables can hold pointers to other local variables. Because " "of that, the future should never be moved to a different memory location, as " "it would invalidate those pointers." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "To prevent moving the future type in memory, it can only be polled through a " "pinned pointer. `Pin` is a wrapper around a reference that disallows all " "operations that would move the instance it points to into a different memory " "location." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "// with a message on the `respond_on` channel." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "// Pretend to work." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "\"failed to send response\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "// TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "\"failed to send on work queue\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "\"failed waiting for response\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "You may recognize this as an example of the actor pattern. Actors typically " "call `select!` in a loop." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "This serves as a summation of a few of the previous lessons, so take your " "time with it." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "Naively add a `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }` to " "the `select!`. This will never execute. Why?" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "Instead, add a `timeout_fut` containing that future outside of the `loop`:" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "This still doesn't work. Follow the compiler errors, adding `&mut` to the " "`timeout_fut` in the `select!` to work around the move, then using `Box::" "pin`:" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "This compiles, but once the timeout expires it is `Poll::Ready` on every " "iteration (a fused future would help with this). Update to reset " "`timeout_fut` every time it expires." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "Box allocates on the heap. In some cases, `std::pin::pin!` (only recently " "stabilized, with older code often using `tokio::pin!`) is also an option, " "but that is difficult to use for a future that is reassigned." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "Another alternative is to not use `pin` at all but spawn another task that " "will send to a `oneshot` channel every 100ms." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "Data that contains pointers to itself is called self-referential. Normally, " "the Rust borrow checker would prevent self-referential data from being " "moved, as the references cannot outlive the data they point to. However, the " "code transformation for async blocks and functions is not verified by the " "borrow checker." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "`Pin` is a wrapper around a reference. An object cannot be moved from its " "place using a pinned pointer. However, it can still be moved through an " "unpinned pointer." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md msgid "" "The `poll` method of the `Future` trait uses `Pin<&mut Self>` instead of " "`&mut Self` to refer to the instance. That's why it can only be called on a " "pinned pointer." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md msgid "" "Async methods in traits are not yet supported in the stable channel ([An " "experimental feature exists in nightly and should be stabilized in the mid " "term.](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-" "nightly.html))" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md msgid "" "The crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) " "provides a workaround through a macro:" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md msgid "\"running all sleepers..\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md msgid "\"slept for {}ms\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md msgid "" "`async_trait` is easy to use, but note that it's using heap allocations to " "achieve this. This heap allocation has performance overhead." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md msgid "" "The challenges in language support for `async trait` are deep Rust and " "probably not worth describing in-depth. Niko Matsakis did a good job of " "explaining them in [this post](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/" "blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-hard/) if you are interested in " "digging deeper." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md msgid "" "Try creating a new sleeper struct that will sleep for a random amount of " "time and adding it to the Vec." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "Dropping a future implies it can never be polled again. This is called " "_cancellation_ and it can occur at any `await` point. Care is needed to " "ensure the system works correctly even when futures are cancelled. For " "example, it shouldn't deadlock or lose data." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "\"not UTF-8\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "\"hi\\nthere\\n\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "\"tick!\"" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "The compiler doesn't help with cancellation-safety. You need to read API " "documentation and consider what state your `async fn` holds." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "Unlike `panic` and `?`, cancellation is part of normal control flow (vs " "error-handling)." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "The example loses parts of the string." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "Whenever the `tick()` branch finishes first, `next()` and its `buf` are " "dropped." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "`LinesReader` can be made cancellation-safe by making `buf` part of the " "struct:" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "// prefix buf and bytes with self." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "[`Interval::tick`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/time/struct.Interval." "html#method.tick) is cancellation-safe because it keeps track of whether a " "tick has been 'delivered'." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "[`AsyncReadExt::read`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait." "AsyncReadExt.html#method.read) is cancellation-safe because it either " "returns or doesn't read data." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md msgid "" "[`AsyncBufReadExt::read_line`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait." "AsyncBufReadExt.html#method.read_line) is similar to the example and _isn't_ " "cancellation-safe. See its documentation for details and alternatives." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md msgid "" "To practice your Async Rust skills, we have again two exercises for you:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md msgid "" "Dining philosophers: we already saw this problem in the morning. This time " "you are going to implement it with Async Rust." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md msgid "" "A Broadcast Chat Application: this is a larger project that allows you " "experiment with more advanced Async Rust features." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md #, fuzzy msgid "Dining Philosophers --- Async" msgstr "Dining āĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "" "See [dining philosophers](dining-philosophers.md) for a description of the " "problem." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "" "As before, you will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-" "locally.md) for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/" "main.rs`, fill out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "// Keep trying until we have both forks" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "// Make them think and eat" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "" "Since this time you are using Async Rust, you'll need a `tokio` dependency. " "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "" "```toml\n" "[package]\n" "name = \"dining-philosophers-async-dine\"\n" "version = \"0.1.0\"\n" "edition = \"2021\"\n" "\n" "[dependencies]\n" "tokio = { version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", " "\"rt-multi-thread\"] }\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "" "Also note that this time you have to use the `Mutex` and the `mpsc` module " "from the `tokio` crate." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md msgid "Can you make your implementation single-threaded?" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "In this exercise, we want to use our new knowledge to implement a broadcast " "chat application. We have a chat server that the clients connect to and " "publish their messages. The client reads user messages from the standard " "input, and sends them to the server. The chat server broadcasts each message " "that it receives to all the clients." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "For this, we use [a broadcast channel](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/" "sync/broadcast/fn.channel.html) on the server, and [`tokio_websockets`]" "(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/) for the communication between the client " "and the server." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "Create a new Cargo project and add the following dependencies:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "_Cargo.toml_:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "```toml\n" "[package]\n" "name = \"chat-async\"\n" "version = \"0.1.0\"\n" "edition = \"2021\"\n" "\n" "[dependencies]\n" "futures-util = { version = \"0.3.30\", features = [\"sink\"] }\n" "http = \"1.0.0\"\n" "tokio = { version = \"1.36.0\", features = [\"full\"] }\n" "tokio-websockets = { version = \"0.5.1\", features = [\"client\", " "\"fastrand\", \"server\", \"sha1_smol\"] }\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "The required APIs" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "You are going to need the following functions from `tokio` and " "[`tokio_websockets`](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/). Spend a few minutes " "to familiarize yourself with the API." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "[StreamExt::next()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/stream/" "trait.StreamExt.html#method.next) implemented by `WebSocketStream`: for " "asynchronously reading messages from a Websocket Stream." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "[SinkExt::send()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/sink/" "trait.SinkExt.html#method.send) implemented by `WebSocketStream`: for " "asynchronously sending messages on a Websocket Stream." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "[Lines::next_line()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/struct.Lines." "html#method.next_line): for asynchronously reading user messages from the " "standard input." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "[Sender::subscribe()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/broadcast/" "struct.Sender.html#method.subscribe): for subscribing to a broadcast channel." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "Two binaries" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "Normally in a Cargo project, you can have only one binary, and one `src/main." "rs` file. In this project, we need two binaries. One for the client, and one " "for the server. You could potentially make them two separate Cargo projects, " "but we are going to put them in a single Cargo project with two binaries. " "For this to work, the client and the server code should go under `src/bin` " "(see the [documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/cargo-" "targets.html#binaries))." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "Copy the following server and client code into `src/bin/server.rs` and `src/" "bin/client.rs`, respectively. Your task is to complete these files as " "described below." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "_src/bin/server.rs_:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "// TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"127.0.0.1:2000\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"listening on port 2000\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"New connection from {addr:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "// Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "_src/bin/client.rs_:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md #, fuzzy msgid "Running the binaries" msgstr "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "Run the server with:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "and the client with:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "Implement the `handle_connection` function in `src/bin/server.rs`." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "Hint: Use `tokio::select!` for concurrently performing two tasks in a " "continuous loop. One task receives messages from the client and broadcasts " "them. The other sends messages received by the server to the client." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "Complete the main function in `src/bin/client.rs`." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "Hint: As before, use `tokio::select!` in a continuous loop for concurrently " "performing two tasks: (1) reading user messages from standard input and " "sending them to the server, and (2) receiving messages from the server, and " "displaying them for the user." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md msgid "" "Optional: Once you are done, change the code to broadcast messages to all " "clients, but the sender of the message." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "Concurrency Afternoon Exercise" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "// Keep trying until we have both forks\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "// Pick up forks...\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" "// If we didn't get the left fork, drop the right fork if we\n" " // have it and let other tasks make progress.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" "// If we didn't get the right fork, drop the left fork and let\n" " // other tasks make progress.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "// The locks are dropped here\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "// Create forks\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "// Create philosophers\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "// tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "// Make them think and eat\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "// Output their thoughts\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"Here is a thought: {thought}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "" "// A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) receiving\n" " // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n" " // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"From client {addr:?} {text:?}\"" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "// Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md msgid "\"From server: {}\"" msgstr "" #: src/thanks.md msgid "" "_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust đŸĻ€!_ We hope you enjoyed it and " "that it was useful." msgstr "" "Comprehensive Rust đŸĻ€ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ! āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ " "āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ­ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹āĨ¤" #: src/thanks.md msgid "" "We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not " "perfect, so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, " "please get in [contact with us on GitHub](https://github.com/google/" "comprehensive-rust/discussions). We would love to hear from you." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "The following is a glossary which aims to give a short definition of many " "Rust terms. For translations, this also serves to connect the term back to " "the English original." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "allocate: \n" "Dynamic memory allocation on [the heap](memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md)." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "argument: \n" "Information that is passed into a function or method." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "Bare-metal Rust: \n" "Low-level Rust development, often deployed to a system without an operating " "system. See [Bare-metal Rust](bare-metal.md)." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "block: \n" "See [Blocks](control-flow/blocks.md) and _scope_." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "borrow: \n" "See [Borrowing](ownership/borrowing.md)." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "borrow checker: \n" "The part of the Rust compiler which checks that all borrows are valid." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "brace: \n" "`{` and `}`. Also called _curly brace_, they delimit _blocks_." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "build: \n" "The process of converting source code into executable code or a usable " "program." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "call: \n" "To invoke or execute a function or method." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "channel: \n" "Used to safely pass messages [between threads](concurrency/channels.md)." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "Comprehensive Rust đŸĻ€: \n" "The courses here are jointly called Comprehensive Rust đŸĻ€." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "concurrency: \n" "The execution of multiple tasks or processes at the same time." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "Concurrency in Rust: \n" "See [Concurrency in Rust](concurrency.md)." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "constant: \n" "A value that does not change during the execution of a program." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "control flow: \n" "The order in which the individual statements or instructions are executed in " "a program." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "crash: \n" "An unexpected and unhandled failure or termination of a program." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "enumeration: \n" "A data type that holds one of several named constants, possibly with an " "associated tuple or struct." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "error: \n" "An unexpected condition or result that deviates from the expected behavior." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "error handling: \n" "The process of managing and responding to errors that occur during program " "execution." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "exercise: \n" "A task or problem designed to practice and test programming skills." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "function: \n" "A reusable block of code that performs a specific task." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "garbage collector: \n" "A mechanism that automatically frees up memory occupied by objects that are " "no longer in use." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "generics: \n" "A feature that allows writing code with placeholders for types, enabling " "code reuse with different data types." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "immutable: \n" "Unable to be changed after creation." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "integration test: \n" "A type of test that verifies the interactions between different parts or " "components of a system." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "keyword: \n" "A reserved word in a programming language that has a specific meaning and " "cannot be used as an identifier." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "library: \n" "A collection of precompiled routines or code that can be used by programs." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "macro: \n" "Rust macros can be recognized by a `!` in the name. Macros are used when " "normal functions are not enough. A typical example is `format!`, which takes " "a variable number of arguments, which isn't supported by Rust functions." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "`main` function: \n" "Rust programs start executing with the `main` function." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "match: \n" "A control flow construct in Rust that allows for pattern matching on the " "value of an expression." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "memory leak: \n" "A situation where a program fails to release memory that is no longer " "needed, leading to a gradual increase in memory usage." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "method: \n" "A function associated with an object or a type in Rust." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "module: \n" "A namespace that contains definitions, such as functions, types, or traits, " "to organize code in Rust." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "move: \n" "The transfer of ownership of a value from one variable to another in Rust." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "mutable: \n" "A property in Rust that allows variables to be modified after they have been " "declared." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "ownership: \n" "The concept in Rust that defines which part of the code is responsible for " "managing the memory associated with a value." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "panic: \n" "An unrecoverable error condition in Rust that results in the termination of " "the program." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "parameter: \n" "A value that is passed into a function or method when it is called." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "pattern: \n" "A combination of values, literals, or structures that can be matched against " "an expression in Rust." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "payload: \n" "The data or information carried by a message, event, or data structure." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "program: \n" "A set of instructions that a computer can execute to perform a specific task " "or solve a particular problem." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "programming language: \n" "A formal system used to communicate instructions to a computer, such as Rust." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "receiver: \n" "The first parameter in a Rust method that represents the instance on which " "the method is called." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "reference counting: \n" "A memory management technique in which the number of references to an object " "is tracked, and the object is deallocated when the count reaches zero." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "return: \n" "A keyword in Rust used to indicate the value to be returned from a function." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "Rust: \n" "A systems programming language that focuses on safety, performance, and " "concurrency." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "Rust Fundamentals: \n" "Days 1 to 4 of this course." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "Rust in Android: \n" "See [Rust in Android](android.md)." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "Rust in Chromium: \n" "See [Rust in Chromium](chromium.md)." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "safe: \n" "Refers to code that adheres to Rust's ownership and borrowing rules, " "preventing memory-related errors." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "scope: \n" "The region of a program where a variable is valid and can be used." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "standard library: \n" "A collection of modules providing essential functionality in Rust." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "static: \n" "A keyword in Rust used to define static variables or items with a `'static` " "lifetime." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "string: \n" "A data type storing textual data. See [`String` vs `str`](basic-syntax/" "string-slices.html) for more." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "struct: \n" "A composite data type in Rust that groups together variables of different " "types under a single name." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "test: \n" "A Rust module containing functions that test the correctness of other " "functions." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "thread: \n" "A separate sequence of execution in a program, allowing concurrent execution." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "thread safety: \n" "The property of a program that ensures correct behavior in a multithreaded " "environment." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "trait: \n" "A collection of methods defined for an unknown type, providing a way to " "achieve polymorphism in Rust." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "trait bound: \n" "An abstraction where you can require types to implement some traits of your " "interest." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "tuple: \n" "A composite data type that contains variables of different types. Tuple " "fields have no names, and are accessed by their ordinal numbers." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "type: \n" "A classification that specifies which operations can be performed on values " "of a particular kind in Rust." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "type inference: \n" "The ability of the Rust compiler to deduce the type of a variable or " "expression." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "undefined behavior: \n" "Actions or conditions in Rust that have no specified result, often leading " "to unpredictable program behavior." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "union: \n" "A data type that can hold values of different types but only one at a time." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "unit test: \n" "Rust comes with built-in support for running small unit tests and larger " "integration tests. See [Unit Tests](testing/unit-tests.html)." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "unit type: \n" "Type that holds no data, written as a tuple with no members." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "unsafe: \n" "The subset of Rust which allows you to trigger _undefined behavior_. See " "[Unsafe Rust](unsafe.html)." msgstr "" #: src/glossary.md msgid "" "variable: \n" "A memory location storing data. Variables are valid in a _scope_." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "Other Rust Resources" msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources " "online." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "Official Documentation" msgstr "āĻ…āĻĢāĻŋāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻĄāĻ•ā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻļāĻ¨" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:" msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "[The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the " "canonical free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes a " "few projects for people to build." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the " "Rust syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. " "Sometimes includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code " "in the examples." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full documentation " "of the standard library for Rust." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete " "book which describes the Rust grammar and memory model." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:" msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe Rust, " "including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages " "(FFI)." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): " "covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after the " "Rust Book was written." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): " "an introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating " "system." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "Unofficial Learning Material" msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:" msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust " "from the perspective of low-level C programmers." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "[Rust for Embedded C Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/" "rust_for_c/): covers Rust from the perspective of developers who write " "firmware in C." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "[Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): " "covers the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other " "languages such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to help " "you learn Rust." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "[Ferrous Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-" "material/index.html): a series of small presentations covering both basic " "and advanced part of the Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, " "and async/await are also covered." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "[Beginner's Series to Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-" "series-to-rust/) and [Take your first steps with Rust](https://docs." "microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): two Rust guides aimed at " "new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and the second is a set of " "11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "[Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial." "github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth exploration of Rust's memory management " "rules, through implementing a few different types of list structures." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md msgid "" "Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) " "for even more Rust books." msgstr "" #: src/credits.md msgid "" "The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust " "documentation. See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a " "full list of useful resources." msgstr "" #: src/credits.md msgid "" "The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache " "2.0 license, please see [`LICENSE`](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-" "rust/blob/main/LICENSE) for details." msgstr "" #: src/credits.md msgid "Rust by Example" msgstr "āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/credits.md msgid "" "Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by " "Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the " "`third_party/rust-by-example/` directory for details, including the license " "terms." msgstr "" #: src/credits.md msgid "Rust on Exercism" msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ" #: src/credits.md msgid "" "Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on Exercism](https://" "exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the `third_party/rust-on-exercism/` " "directory for details, including the license terms." msgstr "" #: src/credits.md msgid "CXX" msgstr "CXX" #: src/credits.md msgid "" "The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section " "uses an image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` " "directory for details, including the license terms." msgstr "" #~ msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:" #~ msgstr "" #~ "C, C++ or Java āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĻƒ" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "\"aarch64-linux-gnu\"" #~ msgstr "aarch64-paging" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "\"exceptions.S\"" #~ msgstr "āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽ" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "aarch64-linux-gnu" #~ msgstr "aarch64-paging" #~ msgid "Small Example" #~ msgstr "āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸā§āĻŸ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ" #~ msgid "Why Rust?" #~ msgstr "Rust āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ā§‹?" #~ msgid "Compile Time Guarantees" #~ msgstr "āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻŋ" #~ msgid "Runtime Guarantees" #~ msgstr "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŽ āĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻŋ" #~ msgid "Modern Features" #~ msgstr "āĻ†āĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #~ msgid "Basic Syntax" #~ msgstr "āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸" #~ msgid "String vs str" #~ msgstr "String āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ str" #~ msgid "Overloading" #~ msgstr "āĻ…āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻ˛ā§‹āĻĄāĻŋāĻ‚" #~ msgid "Arrays and for Loops" #~ msgstr "Arrays āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ for-Loops" #~ msgid "for expressions" #~ msgstr "for āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨" #~ msgid "while expressions" #~ msgstr "while āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨" #~ msgid "break & continue" #~ msgstr "break & continue" #~ msgid "loop expressions" #~ msgstr "loop āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨" #~ msgid "Variant Payloads" #~ msgstr "āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ Payloads" #~ msgid "Enum Sizes" #~ msgstr "Enum āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻĒ" #~ msgid "Novel Control Flow" #~ msgstr "āĻ¨āĻ­ā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ˛ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§‹" #~ msgid "if let expressions" #~ msgstr "if let āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨" #~ msgid "while let expressions" #~ msgstr "while let āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨" #~ msgid "match expressions" #~ msgstr "match āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨" #~ msgid "Destructuring Structs" #~ msgstr "Structs āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•āĻšāĻžāĻ° " #~ msgid "Destructuring Arrays" #~ msgstr "Arrays āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•āĻšāĻžāĻ° " #~ msgid "Match Guards" #~ msgstr "Match Guards" #~ msgid "Pattern Matching (TBD)" #~ msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ‚ (TBD)" #~ msgid "Stack vs Heap" #~ msgstr "Stack āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ Heap" #~ msgid "Stack Memory" #~ msgstr "Stack āĻŽā§‡āĻŽā§‹āĻ°āĻŋ" #~ msgid "Manual Memory Management" #~ msgstr "āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻŽā§‡āĻŽā§‹āĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻž" #~ msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management" #~ msgstr "āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‹āĻĒ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻŽā§‡āĻŽā§‹āĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻž" #~ msgid "Comparison" #~ msgstr "āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž" #~ msgid "Copying and Cloning" #~ msgstr "āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ‚" #~ msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows" #~ msgstr "āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ§āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°" #~ msgid "Storing Books" #~ msgstr "āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #~ msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax" #~ msgstr "Field Shorthand Syntax" #~ msgid "Method Receiver" #~ msgstr "Method Receiver" #~ msgid "Option and Result" #~ msgstr "Option āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Result" #~ msgid "Vec" #~ msgstr "Vec" #~ msgid "HashMap" #~ msgstr "HashMap" #~ msgid "Box" #~ msgstr "Box" #~ msgid "Recursive Data Types" #~ msgstr "āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ­ āĻĄā§‡āĻŸāĻž āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ" #~ msgid "Rc" #~ msgstr "Rc" #~ msgid "Strings and Iterators" #~ msgstr "Strings āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Iterators" #~ msgid "Generic Methods" #~ msgstr "āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ• āĻŽā§‡āĻĨāĻĄ-āĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #~ msgid "Monomorphization" #~ msgstr "Monomorphization" #~ msgid "Default Methods" #~ msgstr "āĻĄāĻŋāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āĻŸ āĻŽā§‡āĻĨāĻĄ-āĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #~ msgid "impl Trait" #~ msgstr "impl Trait" #~ msgid "Important Traits" #~ msgstr "āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ Traits" #~ msgid "From and Into" #~ msgstr "From āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Into" #~ msgid "Default" #~ msgstr "Default" #~ msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..." #~ msgstr "āĻ…āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻŸāĻ°āĻƒ Add, Mul, ..." #~ msgid "Closures: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce" #~ msgstr "Closures: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce" #~ msgid "A Simple GUI Library" #~ msgstr "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ GUI āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋ" #~ msgid "Points and Polygons" #~ msgstr "Points and Polygons" #~ msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding" #~ msgstr "Catching Stack Unwinding" #~ msgid "Structured Error Handling" #~ msgstr "āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻāĻ°āĻ° āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ‚" #~ msgid "Propagating Errors with ?" #~ msgstr "āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ°āĻ°/āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž ?" #~ msgid "Converting Error Types" #~ msgstr "āĻāĻ°āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°" #~ msgid "Deriving Error Enums" #~ msgstr "āĻāĻ°āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #~ msgid "Adding Context to Errors" #~ msgstr "āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻŸ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻž" #~ msgid "no_std" #~ msgstr "no_std" #~ msgid "alloc" #~ msgstr "alloc" #~ msgid "zerocopy" #~ msgstr "zerocopy" #~ msgid "buddy_system_allocator" #~ msgstr "buddy_system_allocator" #~ msgid "tinyvec" #~ msgstr "tinyvec" #~ msgid "spin" #~ msgstr "spin" #~ msgid "Send and Sync" #~ msgstr "Send āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Sync" #~ msgid "Send" #~ msgstr "Send" #~ msgid "Sync" #~ msgstr "Sync" #~ msgid "Arc" #~ msgstr "Arc" #~ msgid "Mutex" #~ msgstr "Mutex" #~ msgid "async/await" #~ msgstr "async/await" #~ msgid "Pin" #~ msgstr "Pin" #~ msgid "Day 1 Morning" #~ msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #~ msgid "Day 1 Afternoon" #~ msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #~ msgid "Day 2 Morning" #~ msgstr "āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #~ msgid "Day 2 Afternoon" #~ msgstr "āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #~ msgid "Day 3 Morning" #~ msgstr "āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #~ msgid "Day 3 Afternoon" #~ msgstr "āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #~ msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning" #~ msgstr "Bare Metal Rust: āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #~ msgid "Concurrency Morning" #~ msgstr "Concurrency: āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #~ msgid "Concurrency Afternoon" #~ msgstr "Concurrency: āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛" #~ msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:" #~ msgstr "āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻƒ" #~ msgid "" #~ "Day 2: Memory management, ownership, compound data types, and the " #~ "standard library." #~ msgstr "" #~ "āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻŽā§‡āĻŽā§‹āĻ°āĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻœāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ, āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻž, āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻĄā§‡āĻŸāĻž āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻĒāĻ¸, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻāĻŋ " #~ "āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤" #~ msgid "Day 3: Generics, traits, error handling, testing, and unsafe Rust." #~ msgstr "" #~ "āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ Traits āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Generics, āĻāĻ°āĻ° āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ‚, āĻŸā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ‚, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĨ¤" #~ msgid "" #~ "```shell\n" #~ "cargo init concurrency\n" #~ "cd concurrency\n" #~ "cargo add tokio --features full\n" #~ "cargo run\n" #~ "```" #~ msgstr "" #~ "```shell\n" #~ "cargo init concurrency\n" #~ "cd concurrency\n" #~ "cargo add tokio --features full\n" #~ "cargo run\n" #~ "```" #~ msgid "" #~ "```shell\n" #~ "sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" #~ "```" #~ msgstr "" #~ "```shell\n" #~ "sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" #~ "```" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "" #~ "We suggest using [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) to edit the " #~ "code (but any LSP compatible editor works with rust-analyzer[3](https://" #~ "rust-analyzer.github.io/))." #~ msgstr "" #~ "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ \\[rust-analyzer\\] \\[1\\] āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° " #~ "āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ‡ [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) āĻ•ā§‹āĻĄ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ " #~ "(āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ LSP āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻžā§āĻœāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻŸāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡)āĨ¤" #~ msgid "" #~ "Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/" #~ "clion/) family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own " #~ "tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin](https://" #~ "www.jetbrains.com/rust/). Please take note that as of January 2023 " #~ "debugging only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite." #~ msgstr "" #~ "āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ• IDE-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/) āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° " #~ "āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœāĻ¸ā§āĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻˇāĻŖā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœāĻ¸ā§āĻŦ āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻĄāĻ…āĻĢ " #~ "āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ [Rust Plugin](https://www." #~ "jetbrains.com/rust/) āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§€ " #~ "2023 āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§€ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° JetBrains IDEA āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° CLion āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤" #~ msgid "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "fn main() {\n" #~ " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #~ msgstr "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "fn main() {\n" #~ " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "" #~ "```shell\n" #~ "% rustc --version\n" #~ "rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n" #~ "% cargo --version\n" #~ "cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n" #~ "```" #~ msgstr "" #~ "```shell\n" #~ "% rustc --version\n" #~ "rustc 1.61.0 (fe5b13d68 2022-05-18)\n" #~ "% cargo --version\n" #~ "cargo 1.61.0 (a028ae4 2022-04-29)\n" #~ "```" #~ msgid "" #~ "If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over " #~ "the schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the " #~ "slides):" #~ msgstr "" #~ "āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§€āĻ•āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŽāĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻšāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° " #~ "āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻ‡āĻŸāĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ—ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨(āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻĄāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡):" #~ msgid "Morning: 9:00 to 12:00," #~ msgstr "āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻƒ ā§¯:ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ ā§§ā§¨:ā§Ļā§Ļ," #~ msgid "Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00." #~ msgstr "āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ ā§§:ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ ā§Ē:ā§Ļā§Ļ." #~ msgid "" #~ "You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include " #~ "breaks, we recommend a break every hour!" #~ msgstr "" #~ "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ " #~ "āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡!" #~ msgid "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "fn main() {\n" #~ " println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #~ msgstr "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "fn main() {\n" #~ " println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #~ msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:" #~ msgstr "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ Rust āĻ:" #~ msgid "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "fn main() { // Program entry point\n" #~ " let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n" #~ " print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n" #~ " while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n" #~ " if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n" #~ " x = x / 2;\n" #~ " } else {\n" #~ " x = 3 * x + 1;\n" #~ " }\n" #~ " print!(\" -> {x}\");\n" #~ " }\n" #~ " println!();\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #~ msgstr "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "fn main() { // Program entry point\n" #~ " let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n" #~ " print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n" #~ " while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n" #~ " if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n" #~ " x = x / 2;\n" #~ " } else {\n" #~ " x = 3 * x + 1;\n" #~ " }\n" #~ " print!(\" -> {x}\");\n" #~ " }\n" #~ " println!();\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last decades." #~ msgstr "āĻ—āĻ¤ 40 āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻ¤āĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ Rust āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤" #~ msgid "Language Features" #~ msgstr "āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§ˆāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš" #~ msgid "Tooling" #~ msgstr "Tooling" #~ msgid "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`" #~ msgstr "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`" #~ msgid "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "fn main() {\n" #~ " println!(r#\"link\"#);\n" #~ " println!(\"link\");\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #~ msgstr "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "fn main() {\n" #~ " println!(r#\"link\"#);\n" #~ " println!(\"link\");\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #~ msgid "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "fn main() {\n" #~ " println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n" #~ " println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #~ msgstr "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "fn main() {\n" #~ " println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n" #~ " println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #~ msgid "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "fn main() {\n" #~ " let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n" #~ " a[5] = 0;\n" #~ " println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #~ msgstr "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "fn main() {\n" #~ " let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n" #~ " a[5] = 0;\n" #~ " println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #~ msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:" #~ msgstr "C++ āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹, Rust āĻāĻ° āĻ“ references āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "fn main() {\n" #~ " let mut a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n" #~ " println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n" #~ "\n" #~ " let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n" #~ "\n" #~ " println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #~ msgstr "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "fn main() {\n" #~ " let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n" #~ " a[5] = 0;\n" #~ " println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #~ msgid "Day 1: Morning Exercises" #~ msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "The Luhn algorithm," #~ msgstr "āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ—āĻ°āĻŋāĻĻāĻŽ" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "An exercise on pattern matching." #~ msgstr "Enums and pattern matching." #, fuzzy #~ msgid "Structs and methods." #~ msgstr "Strings āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Iterators" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "Stack and Heap Example" #~ msgstr "Stack āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ Heap" #~ msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself." #~ msgstr "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ‡ heap-memory āĻāĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻŸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĄāĻŋ-āĻāĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤" #~ msgid "C Example" #~ msgstr "C āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "Extra Work in Modern C++" #~ msgstr "āĻ†āĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• C++ āĻ āĻĄāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤" #~ msgid "Day 2: Morning Exercises" #~ msgstr "āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¨" #~ msgid "Day 3: Morning Exercises" #~ msgstr "āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "" #~ "```shell\n" #~ "adb logcat -s rust\n" #~ "```" #~ msgstr "" #~ "```shell\n" #~ "$ sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" #~ "```" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "" #~ "```shell\n" #~ "cargo new link-checker\n" #~ "cd link-checker\n" #~ "cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n" #~ "```" #~ msgstr "" #~ "```shell\n" #~ "cargo init concurrency\n" #~ "cd concurrency\n" #~ "cargo add tokio --features full\n" #~ "cargo run\n" #~ "```" #~ msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages." #~ msgstr "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§€āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻœā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤" #~ msgid "Day 1 Morning Exercises" #~ msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "Pattern matching" #~ msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹" #~ msgid "Elevator Operations" #~ msgstr "āĻ˛āĻŋāĻĢāĻŸ āĻ…āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻļāĻ¨" #~ msgid "" #~ "[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/" #~ "google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github." #~ "com/google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml)" #~ msgstr "" #~ "[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/" #~ "google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github." #~ "com/google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml)" #~ msgid "Build workflow" #~ msgstr "āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻš āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ" #~ msgid "GitHub contributors" #~ msgstr "GitHub āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€" #~ msgid "" #~ "[![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/" #~ "comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/" #~ "comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img." #~ "shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)]" #~ "(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" #~ msgstr "" #~ "[![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/" #~ "comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/" #~ "comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img." #~ "shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)]" #~ "(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" #~ msgid "GitHub stars" #~ msgstr "GitHub stars" #~ msgid "" #~ "[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-" #~ "rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/" #~ "stargazers)" #~ msgstr "" #~ "[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-" #~ "rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/" #~ "stargazers)" #~ msgid "Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker." #~ msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻƒ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ, āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ§āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•āĨ¤" #~ msgid "Concurrency" #~ msgstr "Concurrency" #~ msgid "Rustup (Recommended)" #~ msgstr "Rustup (āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤)" #~ msgid "" #~ "You can follow the instructions to install cargo and rust compiler, among " #~ "other standard ecosystem tools with the [rustup](https://rust-analyzer." #~ "github.io/) tool, which is maintained by the Rust Foundation." #~ msgstr "" #~ "āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž [rustup](https://rust-analyzer.github." #~ "io/) āĻŸā§āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻš āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ‡āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ āĻŸā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ Cargo āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸ " #~ "āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ā§€ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤" #~ msgid "Package Managers" #~ msgstr "āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻœ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻœāĻžāĻ°" #~ msgid "Debian" #~ msgstr "Debian"