msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-08-28\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2023-08-25 09:32-0700\n" "Last-Translator: \n" "Language-Team: \n" "Language: pt_BR\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n" "X-Generator: Poedit 3.3.2\n" #: src/SUMMARY.md:4 src/index.md:1 msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀" msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Comprehensive Rust 🦀" #: src/SUMMARY.md:5 src/running-the-course.md:1 msgid "Running the Course" msgstr "Conduzindo o Curso" #: src/SUMMARY.md:6 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:1 msgid "Course Structure" msgstr "Estrutura do Curso" #: src/SUMMARY.md:7 src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:1 msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts" msgstr "Atalhos de Teclado" #: src/SUMMARY.md:8 src/running-the-course/translations.md:1 msgid "Translations" msgstr "Traduções" #: src/SUMMARY.md:9 src/cargo.md:1 msgid "Using Cargo" msgstr "Usando o Cargo" #: src/SUMMARY.md:10 msgid "Rust Ecosystem" msgstr "O Ecossistema do Rust" #: src/SUMMARY.md:11 msgid "Code Samples" msgstr "Amostras de Código" #: src/SUMMARY.md:12 msgid "Running Cargo Locally" msgstr "Executando o Cargo Localmente" #: src/SUMMARY.md:15 msgid "Day 1: Morning" msgstr "Dia 1: Manhã" #: src/SUMMARY.md:19 src/SUMMARY.md:76 src/SUMMARY.md:130 src/SUMMARY.md:187 #: src/SUMMARY.md:213 src/SUMMARY.md:263 msgid "Welcome" msgstr "Bem-vindo" #: src/SUMMARY.md:20 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:1 msgid "What is Rust?" msgstr "O que é Rust?" #: src/SUMMARY.md:21 src/hello-world.md:1 msgid "Hello World!" msgstr "Olá Mundo!" #: src/SUMMARY.md:22 src/hello-world/small-example.md:1 msgid "Small Example" msgstr "Um Pequeno Exemplo" #: src/SUMMARY.md:23 src/why-rust.md:1 msgid "Why Rust?" msgstr "Por que Rust?" #: src/SUMMARY.md:24 src/why-rust/compile-time.md:1 msgid "Compile Time Guarantees" msgstr "Garantias em Tempo de Compilação" #: src/SUMMARY.md:25 src/why-rust/runtime.md:1 msgid "Runtime Guarantees" msgstr "Garantias em Tempo de Execução" #: src/SUMMARY.md:26 src/why-rust/modern.md:1 msgid "Modern Features" msgstr "Recursos Modernos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:27 src/basic-syntax.md:1 msgid "Basic Syntax" msgstr "Sintaxe Básica" #: src/SUMMARY.md:28 src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:1 msgid "Scalar Types" msgstr "Tipos Escalares" #: src/SUMMARY.md:29 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:1 msgid "Compound Types" msgstr "Tipos Compostos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:30 src/basic-syntax/references.md:1 msgid "References" msgstr "Referências" #: src/SUMMARY.md:31 src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:1 msgid "Dangling References" msgstr "Referências Soltas" #: src/SUMMARY.md:32 src/basic-syntax/slices.md:1 msgid "Slices" msgstr "Slices" #: src/SUMMARY.md:33 msgid "String vs str" msgstr "String vs str" #: src/SUMMARY.md:34 src/basic-syntax/functions.md:1 msgid "Functions" msgstr "Funções" #: src/SUMMARY.md:35 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:1 msgid "Rustdoc" msgstr "Rustdoc" #: src/SUMMARY.md:36 src/SUMMARY.md:83 src/basic-syntax/methods.md:1 #: src/methods.md:1 msgid "Methods" msgstr "Métodos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:37 msgid "Overloading" msgstr "Sobrecarga" #: src/SUMMARY.md:38 src/SUMMARY.md:67 src/SUMMARY.md:91 src/SUMMARY.md:121 #: src/SUMMARY.md:150 src/SUMMARY.md:179 src/SUMMARY.md:206 src/SUMMARY.md:227 #: src/SUMMARY.md:255 src/SUMMARY.md:277 src/SUMMARY.md:298 #: src/exercises/android/morning.md:1 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:1 #: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:1 #: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:1 #: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:1 msgid "Exercises" msgstr "Exercícios" #: src/SUMMARY.md:39 src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:1 msgid "Implicit Conversions" msgstr "Conversões Implícitas" #: src/SUMMARY.md:40 msgid "Arrays and for Loops" msgstr "Matrizes e Loops for" #: src/SUMMARY.md:42 msgid "Day 1: Afternoon" msgstr "Dia 1: Tarde" #: src/SUMMARY.md:44 src/basic-syntax/variables.md:1 msgid "Variables" msgstr "Variáveis" #: src/SUMMARY.md:45 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:1 msgid "Type Inference" msgstr "Inferência de Tipo" #: src/SUMMARY.md:46 msgid "static & const" msgstr "Variáveis Estáticas e Constantes" #: src/SUMMARY.md:47 src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:1 msgid "Scopes and Shadowing" msgstr "Escopos e Sobreposição" #: src/SUMMARY.md:48 src/memory-management.md:1 msgid "Memory Management" msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória" #: src/SUMMARY.md:49 msgid "Stack vs Heap" msgstr "Stack vs Heap" #: src/SUMMARY.md:50 msgid "Stack Memory" msgstr "Memória de Pilha" #: src/SUMMARY.md:51 src/memory-management/manual.md:1 msgid "Manual Memory Management" msgstr "Gerenciamento Manual de Memória" #: src/SUMMARY.md:52 src/memory-management/scope-based.md:1 msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management" msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória Baseado em Escopo" #: src/SUMMARY.md:53 msgid "Garbage Collection" msgstr "Gerenciamento Automático de Memória" #: src/SUMMARY.md:54 msgid "Rust Memory Management" msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória no Rust" #: src/SUMMARY.md:55 src/memory-management/comparison.md:1 msgid "Comparison" msgstr "Comparação" #: src/SUMMARY.md:56 src/ownership.md:1 msgid "Ownership" msgstr "Ownership" #: src/SUMMARY.md:57 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:1 msgid "Move Semantics" msgstr "Semântica do Move (mover)" #: src/SUMMARY.md:58 src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:1 msgid "Moved Strings in Rust" msgstr "Strings Movidas em Rust" #: src/SUMMARY.md:59 msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++" msgstr "Liberações Duplas em C++ Moderno" #: src/SUMMARY.md:60 src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:1 msgid "Moves in Function Calls" msgstr "Move em Chamadas de Função" #: src/SUMMARY.md:61 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:1 msgid "Copying and Cloning" msgstr "Copia e Clonagem" #: src/SUMMARY.md:62 src/ownership/borrowing.md:1 msgid "Borrowing" msgstr "Empréstimo (Borrowing)" #: src/SUMMARY.md:63 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:1 msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows" msgstr "Empréstimos Compartilhados e Únicos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:64 src/ownership/lifetimes.md:1 msgid "Lifetimes" msgstr "Tempos de Vida (Lifetimes)" #: src/SUMMARY.md:65 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:1 msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls" msgstr "Tempos de vida (Lifetimes) em Chamadas de Função" #: src/SUMMARY.md:66 src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:1 msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures" msgstr "Tempos de Vida em Estruturas de Dados" #: src/SUMMARY.md:68 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:1 msgid "Storing Books" msgstr "Armazenando Livros" #: src/SUMMARY.md:69 src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:1 msgid "Iterators and Ownership" msgstr "Iteradores e Ownership (Posse)" #: src/SUMMARY.md:72 msgid "Day 2: Morning" msgstr "Dia 2: Manhã" #: src/SUMMARY.md:77 src/structs.md:1 msgid "Structs" msgstr "Structs" #: src/SUMMARY.md:78 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:1 msgid "Tuple Structs" msgstr "Estruturas de Tuplas (Tuple Structs)" #: src/SUMMARY.md:79 src/structs/field-shorthand.md:1 msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax" msgstr "Sintaxe Abreviada de Campos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:80 src/enums.md:1 msgid "Enums" msgstr "Enums" #: src/SUMMARY.md:81 src/enums/variant-payloads.md:1 msgid "Variant Payloads" msgstr "Conteúdos Variantes" #: src/SUMMARY.md:82 src/enums/sizes.md:1 msgid "Enum Sizes" msgstr "Tamanhos de Enum" #: src/SUMMARY.md:84 src/methods/receiver.md:1 msgid "Method Receiver" msgstr "Receptor de Método" #: src/SUMMARY.md:85 src/SUMMARY.md:161 src/SUMMARY.md:276 #: src/methods/example.md:1 src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:1 msgid "Example" msgstr "Exemplo" #: src/SUMMARY.md:86 src/pattern-matching.md:1 msgid "Pattern Matching" msgstr "Correspondência de Padrões" #: src/SUMMARY.md:87 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:1 msgid "Destructuring Enums" msgstr "Desestruturando Enums" #: src/SUMMARY.md:88 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:1 msgid "Destructuring Structs" msgstr "Desestruturando Structs" #: src/SUMMARY.md:89 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:1 msgid "Destructuring Arrays" msgstr "Desestruturando Matrizes" #: src/SUMMARY.md:90 src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:1 msgid "Match Guards" msgstr "Guardas de Correspondência (Match Guards)" #: src/SUMMARY.md:92 src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:1 msgid "Health Statistics" msgstr "Estatísticas de Saúde" #: src/SUMMARY.md:93 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:3 msgid "Points and Polygons" msgstr "Pontos e Polígonos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:95 msgid "Day 2: Afternoon" msgstr "Dia 2: Tarde" #: src/SUMMARY.md:97 src/SUMMARY.md:290 src/control-flow.md:1 msgid "Control Flow" msgstr "Controle de Fluxo" #: src/SUMMARY.md:98 src/control-flow/blocks.md:1 msgid "Blocks" msgstr "Blocos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:99 msgid "if expressions" msgstr "Expressões if" #: src/SUMMARY.md:100 msgid "if let expressions" msgstr "Expressões if let" #: src/SUMMARY.md:101 msgid "while expressions" msgstr "Loops while" #: src/SUMMARY.md:102 msgid "while let expressions" msgstr "Loops while let" #: src/SUMMARY.md:103 msgid "for expressions" msgstr "Loops for" #: src/SUMMARY.md:104 msgid "loop expressions" msgstr "Expressões loop" #: src/SUMMARY.md:105 msgid "match expressions" msgstr "Expressões match (Correspondência)" #: src/SUMMARY.md:106 msgid "break & continue" msgstr "break e continue" #: src/SUMMARY.md:107 src/std.md:1 msgid "Standard Library" msgstr "Biblioteca Padrão" #: src/SUMMARY.md:108 msgid "Option and Result" msgstr "Option e Result" #: src/SUMMARY.md:109 src/std/string.md:1 msgid "String" msgstr "String" #: src/SUMMARY.md:110 msgid "Vec" msgstr "Vec" #: src/SUMMARY.md:111 msgid "HashMap" msgstr "HashMap" #: src/SUMMARY.md:112 msgid "Box" msgstr "Box" #: src/SUMMARY.md:113 msgid "Recursive Data Types" msgstr "Box com Estruturas de Dados Recursivas" #: src/SUMMARY.md:114 src/std/box-niche.md:1 msgid "Niche Optimization" msgstr "Otimização de Nicho" #: src/SUMMARY.md:115 msgid "Rc" msgstr "Rc" #: src/SUMMARY.md:116 msgid "Cell/RefCell" msgstr "Cell/RefCell" #: src/SUMMARY.md:117 src/modules.md:1 msgid "Modules" msgstr "Módulos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:118 src/modules/visibility.md:1 msgid "Visibility" msgstr "Visibilidade" #: src/SUMMARY.md:119 src/modules/paths.md:1 msgid "Paths" msgstr "Caminhos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:120 src/modules/filesystem.md:1 msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy" msgstr "Hierarquia do Sistema de Arquivos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:122 src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:1 #: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:3 msgid "Luhn Algorithm" msgstr "Algoritmo de Luhn" #: src/SUMMARY.md:123 src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:1 #: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:97 msgid "Strings and Iterators" msgstr "Strings e Iteradores" #: src/SUMMARY.md:126 msgid "Day 3: Morning" msgstr "Dia 3: Manhã" #: src/SUMMARY.md:131 src/generics.md:1 msgid "Generics" msgstr "Generics" #: src/SUMMARY.md:132 src/generics/data-types.md:1 msgid "Generic Data Types" msgstr "Tipos de Dados Genéricos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:133 src/generics/methods.md:1 msgid "Generic Methods" msgstr "Métodos Genéricos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:134 src/generics/monomorphization.md:1 msgid "Monomorphization" msgstr "Monomorfização" #: src/SUMMARY.md:135 src/traits.md:1 msgid "Traits" msgstr "Traits" #: src/SUMMARY.md:136 src/traits/trait-objects.md:1 msgid "Trait Objects" msgstr "Objetos Trait" #: src/SUMMARY.md:137 src/traits/deriving-traits.md:1 msgid "Deriving Traits" msgstr "Traits Derivados" #: src/SUMMARY.md:138 src/traits/default-methods.md:1 msgid "Default Methods" msgstr "Métodos Padrão" #: src/SUMMARY.md:139 src/traits/trait-bounds.md:1 msgid "Trait Bounds" msgstr "Limites de trait" #: src/SUMMARY.md:140 msgid "impl Trait" msgstr "Trait impl" #: src/SUMMARY.md:141 src/traits/important-traits.md:1 msgid "Important Traits" msgstr "Traits Importantes" #: src/SUMMARY.md:142 msgid "Iterator" msgstr "Iterator" #: src/SUMMARY.md:143 src/traits/from-iterator.md:1 msgid "FromIterator" msgstr "FromIterator" #: src/SUMMARY.md:144 msgid "From and Into" msgstr "From e Into" #: src/SUMMARY.md:145 msgid "Read and Write" msgstr "Read e Write" #: src/SUMMARY.md:146 msgid "Drop" msgstr "Drop" #: src/SUMMARY.md:147 msgid "Default" msgstr "Default" #: src/SUMMARY.md:148 msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..." msgstr "Operadores: Add, Mul, ..." #: src/SUMMARY.md:149 msgid "Closures: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:151 src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:1 #: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:3 msgid "A Simple GUI Library" msgstr "Uma Biblioteca GUI Simples" #: src/SUMMARY.md:153 msgid "Day 3: Afternoon" msgstr "Dia 3: Tarde" #: src/SUMMARY.md:155 src/error-handling.md:1 msgid "Error Handling" msgstr "Tratamento de Erros" #: src/SUMMARY.md:156 src/error-handling/panics.md:1 msgid "Panics" msgstr "Panics (Pânico)" #: src/SUMMARY.md:157 msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding" msgstr "Capturando o Desenrolar da Pilha" #: src/SUMMARY.md:158 msgid "Structured Error Handling" msgstr "Tratamento Estruturado de Erros" #: src/SUMMARY.md:159 msgid "Propagating Errors with ?" msgstr "Propagando Erros com ?" #: src/SUMMARY.md:160 src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:1 #: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:1 msgid "Converting Error Types" msgstr "Convertendo Tipos de Erro" #: src/SUMMARY.md:162 src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:1 msgid "Deriving Error Enums" msgstr "Derivando Enums de Erro" #: src/SUMMARY.md:163 src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:1 msgid "Dynamic Error Types" msgstr "Tipos de Erros Dinâmicos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:164 src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:1 msgid "Adding Context to Errors" msgstr "Adicionando Contexto aos Erros" #: src/SUMMARY.md:165 src/testing.md:1 msgid "Testing" msgstr "Testando" #: src/SUMMARY.md:166 src/testing/unit-tests.md:1 msgid "Unit Tests" msgstr "Testes Unitários" #: src/SUMMARY.md:167 src/testing/test-modules.md:1 msgid "Test Modules" msgstr "Módulos de Teste" #: src/SUMMARY.md:168 src/testing/doc-tests.md:1 msgid "Documentation Tests" msgstr "Testes de Documentação" #: src/SUMMARY.md:169 src/testing/integration-tests.md:1 msgid "Integration Tests" msgstr "Testes de Integração" #: src/SUMMARY.md:170 src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:1 msgid "Useful crates" msgstr "Crates Úteis para Testes" #: src/SUMMARY.md:171 src/unsafe.md:1 msgid "Unsafe Rust" msgstr "Rust Inseguro (unsafe)" #: src/SUMMARY.md:172 src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:1 msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers" msgstr "Desreferenciando Ponteiros Brutos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:173 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:1 msgid "Mutable Static Variables" msgstr "Variáveis Estáticas Mutáveis" #: src/SUMMARY.md:174 src/unsafe/unions.md:1 msgid "Unions" msgstr "Uniões" #: src/SUMMARY.md:175 src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:1 msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions" msgstr "Chamando Funções Inseguras" #: src/SUMMARY.md:176 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:1 msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions" msgstr "Escrevendo Funções Inseguras" #: src/SUMMARY.md:177 msgid "Extern Functions" msgstr "Funções Externas" #: src/SUMMARY.md:178 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:1 msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits" msgstr "Implementando Traits Inseguros" #: src/SUMMARY.md:180 src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:1 #: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:3 msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper" msgstr "Wrapper FFI seguro" #: src/SUMMARY.md:183 src/SUMMARY.md:253 #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:16 src/bare-metal/android.md:1 msgid "Android" msgstr "Android" #: src/SUMMARY.md:188 src/android/setup.md:1 msgid "Setup" msgstr "Configurar" #: src/SUMMARY.md:189 src/android/build-rules.md:1 msgid "Build Rules" msgstr "Regras de Construção (Build)" #: src/SUMMARY.md:190 msgid "Binary" msgstr "Binários do Rust" #: src/SUMMARY.md:191 msgid "Library" msgstr "Bibliotecas do Rust" #: src/SUMMARY.md:192 src/android/aidl.md:1 msgid "AIDL" msgstr "AIDL" #: src/SUMMARY.md:193 msgid "Interface" msgstr "Interfaces AIDL" #: src/SUMMARY.md:194 msgid "Implementation" msgstr "Implementação" #: src/SUMMARY.md:195 msgid "Server" msgstr "Servidor" #: src/SUMMARY.md:196 src/android/aidl/deploy.md:1 msgid "Deploy" msgstr "Implantar" #: src/SUMMARY.md:197 msgid "Client" msgstr "Cliente" #: src/SUMMARY.md:198 src/android/aidl/changing.md:1 msgid "Changing API" msgstr "Alterando API" #: src/SUMMARY.md:199 src/SUMMARY.md:243 src/android/logging.md:1 #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:1 msgid "Logging" msgstr "Gerando Registros (Log)" #: src/SUMMARY.md:200 src/android/interoperability.md:1 msgid "Interoperability" msgstr "Interoperabilidade" #: src/SUMMARY.md:201 msgid "With C" msgstr "Com C" #: src/SUMMARY.md:202 msgid "Calling C with Bindgen" msgstr "Chamando C com Bindgen" #: src/SUMMARY.md:203 msgid "Calling Rust from C" msgstr "Chamando Rust do C" #: src/SUMMARY.md:204 src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:1 msgid "With C++" msgstr "Com C++" #: src/SUMMARY.md:205 msgid "With Java" msgstr "Com Java" #: src/SUMMARY.md:209 msgid "Bare Metal: Morning" msgstr "Bare Metal: Manhã" #: src/SUMMARY.md:214 msgid "no_std" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:215 msgid "A Minimal Example" msgstr "Um pequeno exemplo" #: src/SUMMARY.md:216 msgid "alloc" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:217 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:1 msgid "Microcontrollers" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:218 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:1 msgid "Raw MMIO" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:219 msgid "PACs" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:220 msgid "HAL Crates" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:221 msgid "Board Support Crates" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:222 msgid "The Type State Pattern" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:223 msgid "embedded-hal" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:224 msgid "probe-rs, cargo-embed" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:225 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:1 msgid "Debugging" msgstr "Debugging" #: src/SUMMARY.md:226 src/SUMMARY.md:246 msgid "Other Projects" msgstr "Outros Projetos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:228 src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:1 #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:3 msgid "Compass" msgstr "Bússola" #: src/SUMMARY.md:230 msgid "Bare Metal: Afternoon" msgstr "Bare Metal: Tarde" #: src/SUMMARY.md:232 msgid "Application Processors" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:233 src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:1 msgid "Getting Ready to Rust" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:234 msgid "Inline Assembly" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:235 msgid "MMIO" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:236 msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:237 msgid "More Traits" msgstr "Mais Traits (Características)" #: src/SUMMARY.md:238 msgid "A Better UART Driver" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:239 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:1 msgid "Bitflags" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:240 msgid "Multiple Registers" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:241 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:1 msgid "Driver" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:242 src/SUMMARY.md:244 msgid "Using It" msgstr "Usando o Cargo" #: src/SUMMARY.md:245 src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:1 msgid "Exceptions" msgstr "Exceções" #: src/SUMMARY.md:247 msgid "Useful Crates" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:248 msgid "zerocopy" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:249 msgid "aarch64-paging" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:250 msgid "buddy_system_allocator" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:251 msgid "tinyvec" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:252 msgid "spin" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:254 src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:1 msgid "vmbase" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:256 msgid "RTC Driver" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:259 msgid "Concurrency: Morning" msgstr "Concorrência: Manhã" #: src/SUMMARY.md:264 src/concurrency/threads.md:1 msgid "Threads" msgstr "Threads" #: src/SUMMARY.md:265 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1 msgid "Scoped Threads" msgstr "Threads com Escopo" #: src/SUMMARY.md:266 src/concurrency/channels.md:1 msgid "Channels" msgstr "Canais (channels)" #: src/SUMMARY.md:267 src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1 msgid "Unbounded Channels" msgstr "Canais Ilimitados" #: src/SUMMARY.md:268 src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1 msgid "Bounded Channels" msgstr "Canais Delimitados" #: src/SUMMARY.md:269 msgid "Send and Sync" msgstr "Send e Sync" #: src/SUMMARY.md:269 msgid "Send" msgstr "Send" #: src/SUMMARY.md:269 msgid "Sync" msgstr "Sync" #: src/SUMMARY.md:272 src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1 msgid "Examples" msgstr "Exemplos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:273 src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1 msgid "Shared State" msgstr "Estado Compartilhado" #: src/SUMMARY.md:274 msgid "Arc" msgstr "Arc" #: src/SUMMARY.md:275 msgid "Mutex" msgstr "Mutex" #: src/SUMMARY.md:278 src/SUMMARY.md:299 #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:1 #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:3 msgid "Dining Philosophers" msgstr "Filósofos Jantando" #: src/SUMMARY.md:279 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:1 msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker" msgstr "Verificador de Links Multi-Threads" #: src/SUMMARY.md:281 msgid "Concurrency: Afternoon" msgstr "Concorrência: Tarde" #: src/SUMMARY.md:283 msgid "Async Basics" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:284 msgid "async/await" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:285 src/async/futures.md:1 #, fuzzy msgid "Futures" msgstr "Closures" #: src/SUMMARY.md:286 src/async/runtimes.md:1 msgid "Runtimes" msgstr "Tempos de Execução" #: src/SUMMARY.md:287 src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:1 msgid "Tokio" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:288 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:126 #: src/async/tasks.md:1 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:140 msgid "Tasks" msgstr "Tarefas" #: src/SUMMARY.md:289 src/async/channels.md:1 msgid "Async Channels" msgstr "Canais Assíncronos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:291 src/async/control-flow/join.md:1 msgid "Join" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:292 src/async/control-flow/select.md:1 msgid "Select" msgstr "Select" #: src/SUMMARY.md:293 msgid "Pitfalls" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:294 msgid "Blocking the Executor" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:295 src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:1 msgid "Pin" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:296 src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:1 msgid "Async Traits" msgstr "Traits (Características)" #: src/SUMMARY.md:297 src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:1 msgid "Cancellation" msgstr "Cancelar" #: src/SUMMARY.md:300 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:1 #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:119 msgid "Broadcast Chat Application" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:303 msgid "Final Words" msgstr "Palavras Finais" #: src/SUMMARY.md:307 src/thanks.md:1 msgid "Thanks!" msgstr "Obrigado!" #: src/SUMMARY.md:308 msgid "Other Resources" msgstr "Outros recursos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:309 src/credits.md:1 msgid "Credits" msgstr "Créditos" #: src/SUMMARY.md:312 src/exercises/solutions.md:1 msgid "Solutions" msgstr "Soluções" #: src/SUMMARY.md:317 msgid "Day 1 Morning" msgstr "Dia 1 Manhã" #: src/SUMMARY.md:318 msgid "Day 1 Afternoon" msgstr "Dia 1 Tarde" #: src/SUMMARY.md:319 msgid "Day 2 Morning" msgstr "Dia 2 Manhã" #: src/SUMMARY.md:320 msgid "Day 2 Afternoon" msgstr "Dia 2 Tarde" #: src/SUMMARY.md:321 msgid "Day 3 Morning" msgstr "Dia 3 Manhã" #: src/SUMMARY.md:322 msgid "Day 3 Afternoon" msgstr "Dia 3 Tarde" #: src/SUMMARY.md:323 msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:324 src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:1 msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon" msgstr "Bare Metal Rust Tarde" #: src/SUMMARY.md:325 msgid "Concurrency Morning" msgstr "Concorrência Manhã" #: src/SUMMARY.md:326 msgid "Concurrency Afternoon" msgstr "Concorrência Tarde" #: src/index.md:3 msgid "" "[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/" "google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/" "google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!" "[GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/" "comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/" "comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields." "io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github." "com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" msgstr "" "[![Workflow do GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/" "google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/" "google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!" "[Contribuições no GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/" "comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/" "comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![Estrelas no GitHub](https://img." "shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)]" "(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" #: src/index.md:7 msgid "" "This is a free Rust course developed by the Android team at Google. The " "course covers the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced " "topics like generics and error handling." msgstr "" "Este é um curso gratuito de Rust desenvolvido pela equipe do Android no " "Google. O curso abrange o espectro completo da linguagem, desde sintaxe " "básica até tópicos avançados como 'generics' e tratamento de erros." #: src/index.md:11 msgid "" "The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know " "anything about Rust and hope to:" msgstr "" "O objetivo do curso é ensinar Rust a você. Nós assumimos que você não saiba " "nada sobre Rust e esperamos:" #: src/index.md:14 msgid "Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language." msgstr "" "Dar a você uma compreensão abrangente da linguagem e da sintaxe de Rust." #: src/index.md:15 msgid "Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust." msgstr "" "Permitir que você modifique programas existentes e escreva novos programas " "em Rust." #: src/index.md:16 msgid "Show you common Rust idioms." msgstr "Demonstrar expressões idiomáticas comuns de Rust." #: src/index.md:18 msgid "We call the first three course days Rust Fundamentals." msgstr "Nós chamamos os três primeiros dias do curso de Fundamentos do Rust." #: src/index.md:20 msgid "" "Building on this, you're invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:" msgstr "" "Em seguida, você está convidado(a) a mergulhar a fundo em um ou mais tópicos " "especializados:" #: src/index.md:22 msgid "" "[Android](android.md): a half-day course on using Rust for Android platform " "development (AOSP). This includes interoperability with C, C++, and Java." msgstr "" "[Android](android.md): um curso de meio dia sobre a utilização de Rust no " "desenvolvimento para a plataforma Android (AOSP). Isto inclui " "interoperabilidade com C, C++ e Java." #: src/index.md:24 msgid "" "[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): a whole-day class on using Rust for bare-metal " "(embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application processors are " "covered." msgstr "" "[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): uma aula de um dia sobre a utilização de Rust " "para o desenvolvimento \"bare metal\" (sistema embarcado). Tanto micro-" "controladores quanto processadores de aplicação são cobertos." #: src/index.md:27 msgid "" "[Concurrency](concurrency.md): a whole-day class on concurrency in Rust. We " "cover both classical concurrency (preemptively scheduling using threads and " "mutexes) and async/await concurrency (cooperative multitasking using " "futures)." msgstr "" "[Concorrência](concurrency.md): uma aula de um dia inteiro sobre " "concorrência em Rust. Nós cobrimos tanto concorrência clássica " "(escalonamento preemptivo utilizando threads e mutexes) quanto concorrência " "async/await (multitarefa cooperativa utilizando _futures_)." #: src/index.md:33 msgid "Non-Goals" msgstr "Fora do escopo" #: src/index.md:35 msgid "" "Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few " "days. Some non-goals of this course are:" msgstr "" "Rust é uma linguagem extensa e não conseguiremos cobrir tudo em poucos dias. " "Alguns assuntos que não são objetivos deste curso são:" #: src/index.md:38 msgid "" "Learning how to develop macros: please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust Book]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by Example]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead." msgstr "" "Aprender a criar macros: por favor confira [Capítulo 19.5 em Rust Book]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) e [Rust by Example]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) para esse fim." #: src/index.md:42 msgid "Assumptions" msgstr "Premissas" #: src/index.md:44 msgid "" "The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a " "statically-typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and " "C++ to better explain or contrast the Rust approach." msgstr "" "O curso pressupõe que você já saiba programar. Rust é uma linguagem de " "tipagem estática e ocasionalmente faremos comparações com C e C++ para " "melhor explicar ou contrastar a abordagem do Rust." #: src/index.md:48 msgid "" "If you know how to program in a dynamically-typed language such as Python or " "JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too." msgstr "" "Se você sabe programar em uma linguagem de tipagem dinâmica, como Python ou " "JavaScript, então você também será capaz de acompanhar." #: src/index.md:53 msgid "" "This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional " "information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor " "should cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class." msgstr "" "Este é um exemplo de uma _nota do instrutor_. Nós as usaremos para adicionar " "informações complementares aos slides. Elas podem ser tanto pontos-chave que " "o instrutor deve cobrir quanto respostas a perguntas típicas que surgem em " "sala de aula." #: src/running-the-course.md:3 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:3 msgid "This page is for the course instructor." msgstr "Esta página é para o instrutor do curso." #: src/running-the-course.md:5 msgid "" "Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the " "course internally at Google." msgstr "" "Aqui estão algumas informações básicas sobre como estamos conduzindo o curso " "internamente no Google." #: src/running-the-course.md:8 msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:" msgstr "Antes de oferecer o curso, você precisa:" #: src/running-the-course.md:10 msgid "" "Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker " "notes to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more " "speaker notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker " "notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker " "Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class." msgstr "" "Familiarize-se com o material do curso. Incluímos notas do instrutor para " "ajudar a destacar os pontos principais (ajude-nos contribuindo com mais " "notas!). Ao apresentar, certifique-se de abrir as notas do instrutor em um " "pop-up (clique no link com uma pequena seta ao lado de \"Speaker Notes\" ou " "\"Notas do Instrutor\"). Desta forma você tem uma tela limpa para apresentar " "à turma." #: src/running-the-course.md:16 msgid "" "Decide on the dates. Since the course takes at least three full days, we " "recommend that you schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants " "have said that they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it " "helps them process all the information we give them." msgstr "" "Decida as datas. Como o curso leva pelo menos três dias completos, " "recomendamos que você agende os dias ao longo de duas semanas. Os " "participantes do curso disseram que eles acham útil ter uma lacuna no curso, " "pois os ajuda a processar todas as informações que lhes damos." #: src/running-the-course.md:21 msgid "" "Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a " "class size of 15-25 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable " "asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have " "time to answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself " "and for the students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your " "laptops. In particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an " "instructor, so a lectern won't be very helpful for you." msgstr "" "Encontre uma sala grande o suficiente para seus participantes presenciais. " "Recomendamos turmas de 15 a 25 pessoas. Isso é pequeno o suficiente para que " "as pessoas se sintam confortáveis fazendo perguntas --- também é pequeno o " "suficiente para que um instrutor tenha tempo para responder às perguntas. " "Certifique-se de que a sala tenha _mesas_ para você e para os alunos: todos " "vocês precisam ser capazes de sentar e trabalhar com seus laptops. Em " "particular, você fará muita codificação ao vivo como instrutor, portanto, um " "pódio não será muito útil para você." #: src/running-the-course.md:29 msgid "" "On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things " "up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your " "laptop (see the [installation instructions](https://github.com/google/" "comprehensive-rust#building)). This ensures optimal performance with no lag " "as you change pages. Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as " "you or the course participants spot them." msgstr "" "No dia do seu curso, chegue um pouco mais cedo na sala para acertar as " "coisas. Recomendamos apresentar diretamente usando `mdbook serve` rodando em " "seu laptop (consulte as [instruções de instalação](https://github.com/google/" "comprehensive-rust#building)). Isso garante um desempenho ideal sem atrasos " "conforme você muda de página. Usar seu laptop também permitirá que você " "corrija erros de digitação enquanto você ou os participantes do curso os " "identificam." #: src/running-the-course.md:35 msgid "" "Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. We " "typically spend 30-45 minutes on exercises in the morning and in the " "afternoon (including time to review the solutions). Make sure to ask people " "if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When you see " "that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class and " "offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant " "information in the standard library." msgstr "" "Deixe as pessoas resolverem os exercícios sozinhas ou em pequenos grupos. " "Normalmente gastamos de 30 a 45 minutos em exercícios pela manhã e à tarde " "(incluindo o tempo para revisar as soluções). Tenha certeza de perguntar às " "pessoas se elas estão em dificuldades ou se há algo em que você possa " "ajudar. Quando você vir que várias pessoas têm o mesmo problema, chame a " "turma e ofereça uma solução, por exemplo, mostrando às pessoas onde " "encontrar as informações relevantes na biblioteca padrão (\"standard " "library\")." #: src/running-the-course.md:43 msgid "" "That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun " "for you as it has been for us!" msgstr "" "Isso é tudo, boa sorte no curso! Esperamos que seja tão divertido para você " "como tem sido para nós!" #: src/running-the-course.md:46 msgid "" "Please [provide feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/" "discussions/86) afterwards so that we can keep improving the course. We " "would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made better. " "Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback](https://github.com/" "google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!" msgstr "" "Por favor, [dê seu feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/" "discussions/86) depois para que possamos continuar melhorando o curso. " "Adoraríamos saber o que funcionou bem para você e o que pode ser melhorado. " "Seus alunos também são muito bem-vindos para [nos enviar feedback](https://" "github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:5 msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:" msgstr "O curso é rápido e muito abrangente:" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:7 msgid "Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker." msgstr "" "Dia 1: Rust básico, _ownership_ (\"posse\") e o _borrow checker_ " "(\"verificador de empréstimo\")." #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:8 msgid "Day 2: Compound data types, pattern matching, the standard library." msgstr "" "Dia 2: Tipos de dados compostos, correspondência de padrões e a biblioteca " "padrão." #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:9 msgid "Day 3: Traits and generics, error handling, testing, unsafe Rust." msgstr "" "Dia 3: _Traits_ (\"características\") e genéricos, tratamento de erros, " "testes e _unsafe_ (\"inseguro\") Rust." #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:11 msgid "Deep Dives" msgstr "Análises Detalhadas" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:13 msgid "" "In addition to the 3-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more " "specialized topics:" msgstr "" "Além do curso de 3 dias sobre fundamentos de Rust, nós abordamos alguns " "tópicos mais especializados:" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:18 msgid "" "The [Android Deep Dive](../android.md) is a half-day course on using Rust " "for Android platform development. This includes interoperability with C, C+" "+, and Java." msgstr "" "O [Android Deep Dive](../android.md) é um curso de meio dia sobre o uso de " "Rust para o desenvolvimento na plataforma Android. Isso inclui " "interoperabilidade com C, C++ e Java." #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:22 msgid "" "You will need an [AOSP checkout](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/" "download/downloading). Make a checkout of the [course repository](https://" "github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) on the same machine and move the `src/" "android/` directory into the root of your AOSP checkout. This will ensure " "that the Android build system sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`." msgstr "" "Você precisará de um [_checkout_ do AOSP](https://source.android.com/docs/" "setup/download/downloading). Faça um checkout do [repositório do curso]" "(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) no mesmo computador e mova o " "diretório `src/android/` para a raiz do seu checkout do AOSP. Isso garantirá " "que o sistema de compilação do Android veja os arquivos `Android.bp` em `src/" "android/`." #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:27 msgid "" "Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build " "all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to " "see the commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand." msgstr "" "Certifique-se de que `adb sync` funcione com seu emulador ou dispositivo " "físico e pré-compile todos os exemplos do Android usando `src/android/" "build_all.sh`. Leia o roteiro para ver os comandos executados e verifique se " "eles funcionam quando você os executa manualmente." #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:34 msgid "Bare-Metal" msgstr "Bare-Metal" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:36 msgid "" "The [Bare-Metal Deep Dive](../bare-metal.md): a full day class on using Rust " "for bare-metal (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application " "processors are covered." msgstr "" "O [Bare-Metal Deep Dive](../bare-metal.md) é uma aula de um dia sobre o uso " "de Rust para o desenvolvimento _bare-metal_ (sistema embarcado). Tanto micro-" "controladores quanto processadores de aplicações são cobertos." #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:40 msgid "" "For the microcontroller part, you will need to buy the [BBC micro:bit]" "(https://microbit.org/) v2 development board ahead of time. Everybody will " "need to install a number of packages as described on the [welcome page](../" "bare-metal.md)." msgstr "" "Para a parte do micro-controlador, você precisará comprar a placa de " "desenvolvimento [BBC micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) v2 com antecedência. " "Todos precisarão instalar vários pacotes, conforme descrito na [página " "inicial](../bare-metal.md)." #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:45 msgid "Concurrency" msgstr "Concorrência" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:47 msgid "" "The [Concurrency Deep Dive](../concurrency.md) is a full day class on " "classical as well as `async`/`await` concurrency." msgstr "" "O [Concurrency Deep Dive](../concurrency.md) é uma aula de um dia sobre " "concorrência clássica e `async`/`await`." #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:50 msgid "" "You will need a fresh crate set up and the dependencies downloaded and ready " "to go. You can then copy/paste the examples into `src/main.rs` to experiment " "with them:" msgstr "" "Você precisará de um novo _crate_ configurado e as dependências baixadas e " "prontas para uso. Você pode então copiar/colar os exemplos para `src/main." "rs` para experimentá-los:" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:54 msgid "" "```shell\n" "cargo init concurrency\n" "cd concurrency\n" "cargo add tokio --features full\n" "cargo run\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "cargo init concurrency\n" "cd concurrency\n" "cargo add tokio —features full\n" "cargo run\n" "```" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:61 msgid "Format" msgstr "Formato" #: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:63 msgid "" "The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the " "questions drive the exploration of Rust!" msgstr "" "O curso foi projetado para ser bastante interativo e recomendamos deixar as " "perguntas conduzirem a exploração de Rust!" #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:3 msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:" msgstr "Existem vários atalhos de teclado úteis no _mdBook_:" #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5 msgid "Arrow-Left" msgstr "Seta para a esquerda" #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5 msgid ": Navigate to the previous page." msgstr ": Vai para a página anterior." #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6 msgid "Arrow-Right" msgstr "Seta para a direita" #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6 msgid ": Navigate to the next page." msgstr ": Vai para a próxima página." #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7 src/cargo/code-samples.md:19 msgid "Ctrl + Enter" msgstr "Ctrl + Enter" #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7 msgid ": Execute the code sample that has focus." msgstr ": Executa o exemplo de código que tem o foco." #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8 msgid "s" msgstr "S" #: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8 msgid ": Activate the search bar." msgstr ": Ativa a barra de pesquisa." #: src/running-the-course/translations.md:3 msgid "" "The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful " "volunteers:" msgstr "" "O curso foi traduzido para outros idiomas por um grupo de voluntários " "maravilhosos:" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md:6 msgid "" "[Brazilian Portuguese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) " "by [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://github." "com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes) and " "[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)." msgstr "" "[Português do Brasil](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) " "por [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://" "github.com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes) e " "[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)." #: src/running-the-course/translations.md:7 msgid "" "[Korean](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) by [@keispace]" "(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) and " "[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)." msgstr "" "[Coreano](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) por [@keispace]" "(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) e " "[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)." #: src/running-the-course/translations.md:9 msgid "" "Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages." msgstr "" "Use o seletor de idioma no canto superior direito para alternar entre os " "idiomas." #: src/running-the-course/translations.md:11 msgid "Incomplete Translations" msgstr "Traduções Incompletas" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md:13 msgid "" "There is a large number of in-progress translations. We link to the most " "recently updated translations:" msgstr "" "Há um grande número de traduções em andamento. Nós referenciamos as " "traduções mais recentemente atualizadas:" #: src/running-the-course/translations.md:16 msgid "" "[Bengali](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) by [@raselmandol]" "(https://github.com/raselmandol)." msgstr "" "[Bengali](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) por [@raselmandol]" "(https://github.com/raselmandol)." #: src/running-the-course/translations.md:17 msgid "" "[French](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) by [@KookaS]" "(https://github.com/KookaS) and [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen)." msgstr "" "[Francês](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) por [@KookaS]" "(https://github.com/KookaS) e [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen)." #: src/running-the-course/translations.md:18 msgid "" "[German](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) by [@Throvn]" "(https://github.com/Throvn) and [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)." msgstr "" "[Alemão](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) por [@Throvn]" "(https://github.com/Throvn) e [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)." #: src/running-the-course/translations.md:19 msgid "" "[Japanese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) by [@CoinEZ-JPN]" "(https://github.com/CoinEZ) and [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/" "momotaro1105)." msgstr "" "[Japonês](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) por [@CoinEZ-JPN]" "(https://github.com/CoinEZ) e [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/" "momotaro1105)." #: src/running-the-course/translations.md:21 msgid "" "If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions](https://" "github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) for how to " "get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker](https://" "github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)." msgstr "" "Se você quiser ajudar com esse esforço, consulte [nossas instruções](https://" "github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) sobre como " "proceder. As traduções são coordenadas no _[issue tracker](https://github." "com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)_." #: src/cargo.md:3 msgid "" "When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool used in the Rust ecosystem to build " "and run Rust applications. Here we want to give a brief overview of what " "Cargo is and how it fits into the wider ecosystem and how it fits into this " "training." msgstr "" "Quando você começar a ler sobre Rust, logo conhecerá o [Cargo](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/cargo/), a ferramenta padrão usada no ecossistema Rust para " "criar e executar aplicativos Rust. Aqui nós queremos dar uma breve visão " "geral do que é o Cargo e como ele se encaixa no ecossistema mais amplo e " "como ele se encaixa neste treinamento." #: src/cargo.md:8 msgid "Installation" msgstr "Instalação" #: src/cargo.md:10 msgid "**Please follow the instructions on .**" msgstr "**Por favor, siga as instruções em .**" #: src/cargo.md:12 msgid "" "This will give you the Cargo build tool (`cargo`) and the Rust compiler " "(`rustc`). You will also get `rustup`, a command line utility that you can " "use to install/switch toolchains, setup cross compilation, etc." msgstr "" "Isso fornecerá a ferramenta de compilação Cargo (`cargo`) e o compilador " "Rust (`rustc`). Você também obterá o `rustup`, um utilitário de linha de " "comando que você pode usar para instalar/alternar ferramentas, configurar " "compilação cruzada, etc." #: src/cargo.md:16 msgid "" "On Debian/Ubuntu, you can also install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust " "formatter](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) via `apt`. However, this " "gets you an outdated rust version and may lead to unexpected behavior. The " "command would be:" msgstr "" "No Debian/Ubuntu, você também pode instalar o Cargo, o código-fonte do Rust " "e o [formatador Rust](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) com `apt`. " "Entretanto, isto lhe fornece uma versão desatualizada do Rust e pode levar a " "comportamentos inesperados. O comando seria:" #: src/cargo.md:18 msgid "" "```shell\n" "sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" "```" #: src/cargo.md:22 msgid "" "We suggest using [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) to edit the code " "(but any LSP compatible editor works with rust-analyzer[3](https://rust-" "analyzer.github.io/))." msgstr "" "Nós sugerimos a utilização do [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) para " "editar o código (mas qualquer editor LSP - _Language Server Protocol_ - " "funciona com o rust-analyzer[3](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/))." #: src/cargo.md:24 msgid "" "Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/" "clion/) family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own " "tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin](https://www." "jetbrains.com/rust/). Please take note that as of January 2023 debugging " "only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite." msgstr "" "Algumas pessoas também gostam de usar a família de IDEs [JetBrains](https://" "www.jetbrains.com/clion/), que fazem suas próprias análises, mas têm suas " "próprias vantagens e desvantagens. Se você preferi-las, pode instalar o " "[Plugin Rust](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/). Observe que, a partir de " "Janeiro de 2023, a depuração funciona apenas na versão CLion do pacote " "JetBrains IDEA." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1 msgid "The Rust Ecosystem" msgstr "O ecossistema do Rust" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3 msgid "" "The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:" msgstr "" "O ecossistema Rust consiste em várias ferramentas, das quais as principais " "são:" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5 msgid "" "`rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other " "intermediate formats." msgstr "" "`rustc`: o compilador Rust que converte arquivos `.rs` em binários e outros " "formatos intermediários." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:8 msgid "" "`cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to " "download dependencies, usually hosted on , and it will " "pass them to `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a " "built-in test runner which is used to execute unit tests." msgstr "" "`cargo`: o gerenciador de dependências e ferramenta de compilação do Rust. O " "Cargo sabe como baixar dependências, normalmente hospedadas em , e as passará para o `rustc` quando compilar o seu projeto. O " "Cargo também vem com um gerenciador de testes embutido que é utilizado para " "a execução de testes unitários." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:13 msgid "" "`rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to " "install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust is " "released. In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the " "standard library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once " "and `rustup` will let you switch between them as needed." msgstr "" "`rustup`: o instalador e atualizador do conjunto de ferramentas do Rust. " "Esta ferramenta é utilizada para instalar e atualizar o `rustc` e o `cargo` " "quando novas versões do Rust forem lançadas. Além disso, `rustup` também " "pode baixar a documentação da biblioteca padrão. Você pode ter múltiplas " "versões do Rust instaladas ao mesmo tempo e `rustup` permitirá que você " "alterne entre elas conforme necessário." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25 #: src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 src/why-rust/runtime.md:10 #: src/why-rust/modern.md:21 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:30 #: src/basic-syntax/references.md:23 #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:35 #: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:48 #: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:50 #: src/concurrency/threads.md:30 src/async/async-await.md:25 msgid "Key points:" msgstr "Pontos chave:" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:23 msgid "" "Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out every six " "weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with old releases --- " "plus they enable new functionality." msgstr "" "O Rust tem um cronograma de lançamento rápido com um novo lançamento saindo " "a cada seis semanas. Novos lançamentos mantêm compatibilidade com versões " "anteriores — além disso, eles habilitam novas funcionalidades." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:27 msgid "" "There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"." msgstr "" "Existem três canais de lançamento: _\"stable\"_, _\"beta\"_ e _\"nightly\"_." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:29 msgid "" "New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes " "\"stable\" every six weeks." msgstr "" "Novos recursos estão sendo testados em \"nightly\", \"beta\" é o que se " "torna \"stable\" a cada seis semanas." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:32 msgid "" "Dependencies can also be resolved from alternative [registries](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html), git, folders, and more." msgstr "" "Dependências também podem ser resolvidas a partir de [registros](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html) alternativos, git, pastas, e " "outros mais." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:34 msgid "" "Rust also has [editions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): the " "current edition is Rust 2021. Previous editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018." msgstr "" "O Rust também tem [edições](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): a " "edição atual é o Rust 2021. As edições anteriores foram o Rust 2015 e o Rust " "2018." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:37 msgid "" "The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to the " "language." msgstr "" "As edições podem fazer alterações incompatíveis com versões anteriores da " "linguagem." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:40 msgid "" "To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the edition for " "your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file." msgstr "" "Para evitar quebra de código, as edições são opcionais: você seleciona a " "edição para o seu _crate_ através do arquivo `Cargo.toml`." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:43 msgid "" "To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code written for " "different editions." msgstr "" "Para evitar a divisão do ecossistema, os compiladores Rust podem misturar " "código escrito para diferentes edições." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:46 msgid "" "Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through " "`cargo` (most users never do)." msgstr "" "Mencione que é muito raro usar o compilador diretamente, não através do " "`cargo` (a maioria dos usuários nunca o faz)." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:48 msgid "" "It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and " "comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but " "not limited to: " msgstr "" "Pode valer a pena mencionar que o próprio Cargo é uma ferramenta " "extremamente poderosa e abrangente. Ele é capaz de muitos recursos " "avançados, incluindo, entre outros:" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:49 msgid "Project/package structure" msgstr "Estrutura do projeto/pacote" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:50 msgid "[workspaces](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)" msgstr "" "[Espaços de trabalho](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces." "html)" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:51 msgid "Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching" msgstr "" "Dependências de desenvolvimento e gerenciamento/cache de dependência de " "tempo de execução" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:52 msgid "" "[build scripting](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts." "html)" msgstr "" "[Criar scripts](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html)" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:53 msgid "" "[global installation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install." "html)" msgstr "" "[Instalação global](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install." "html)" #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:54 msgid "" "It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo " "clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))." msgstr "" "Também é extensível com plugins de sub-comando (tais como [cargo clippy]" "(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))." #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:55 msgid "" "Read more from the [official Cargo Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)" msgstr "" "Leia mais no [livro oficial do Cargo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1 msgid "Code Samples in This Training" msgstr "Exemplos de Código neste Treinamento" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3 msgid "" "For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through examples " "which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier " "and ensures a consistent experience for everyone." msgstr "" "Para este treinamento, exploraremos principalmente a linguagem Rust por meio " "de exemplos que podem ser executados através do seu navegador. Isso torna a " "instalação muito mais fácil e garante uma experiência consistente para todos." #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7 msgid "" "Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do " "the exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you " "how to work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo." msgstr "" "A instalação do Cargo ainda assim é incentivada: será mais fácil para você " "fazer os exercícios. No último dia, faremos um exercício maior que mostra " "como trabalhar com dependências e para isso você precisará do Cargo." #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11 msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:" msgstr "Os blocos de código neste curso são totalmente interativos:" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:13 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"Edite-me!\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19 msgid "You can use " msgstr "Você pode usar " #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19 msgid " to execute the code when focus is in the text box." msgstr " para executar o código quando o foco estiver na caixa de texto." #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24 msgid "" "Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples are not " "editable for various reasons:" msgstr "" "A maioria dos exemplos de código são editáveis, como mostrado acima. Alguns " "exemplos de código não são editáveis por vários motivos:" #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27 msgid "" "The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the code and " "open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests." msgstr "" "Os _playgrounds_ embutidos não conseguem executar testes unitários. Copie o " "código e cole no _Playground_ real para demonstrar os testes unitários." #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:30 msgid "" "The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate away from " "the page! This is the reason that the students should solve the exercises " "using a local Rust installation or via the Playground." msgstr "" "Os _playgrounds_ embutidos perdem seu estado no momento em que você navega " "para outra página! Esta é a razão pela qual os alunos devem resolver os " "exercícios usando uma instalação do Rust local ou via Playground real." #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1 msgid "Running Code Locally with Cargo" msgstr "Executando Código Localmente com o Cargo" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3 msgid "" "If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will " "need to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the " "Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). This " "should give you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time of writing, the " "latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:" msgstr "" "Se você quiser experimentar o código em seu próprio sistema, precisará " "primeiro instalar o Rust. Faça isso seguindo as [instruções no Livro do Rust]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). Isso deve " "fornecer o `rustc` e o `cargo` funcionando. Quando este curso foi escrito, " "as últimas versões estáveis do Rust são:" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:8 msgid "" "```shell\n" "% rustc --version\n" "rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n" "% cargo --version\n" "cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "% rustc —version\n" "rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n" "% cargo —version\n" "cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n" "```" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:15 msgid "" "You can use any later version too since Rust maintains backwards " "compatibility." msgstr "" "Você também pode usar qualquer versão posterior, pois o Rust mantém " "compatibilidade com versões anteriores." #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:17 msgid "" "With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one of " "the examples in this training:" msgstr "" "Com isso finalizado, siga estas etapas para criar um binário Rust a partir " "de um dos exemplos deste treinamento:" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:20 msgid "Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy." msgstr "" "Clique no botão _\"Copy to clipboard\"_ (\"Copiar para a área de " "transferência\") no exemplo que deseja copiar." #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:22 msgid "" "Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:" msgstr "" "Use `cargo new exercise` para criar um novo diretório `exercise/` para o seu " "código:" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:24 msgid "" "```shell\n" "$ cargo new exercise\n" " Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "$ cargo new exercise\n" " Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n" "```" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:29 msgid "" "Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:" msgstr "" "Navegue até `exercise/` e use `cargo run` para compilar e executar seu " "binário:" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:31 msgid "" "```shell\n" "$ cd exercise\n" "$ cargo run\n" " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n" " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" "Hello, world!\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "$ cd exercise\n" "$ cargo run\n" " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n" " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" "Hello, world!\n" "```" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:40 msgid "" "Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For " "example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like" msgstr "" "Substitua o código gerado em `src/main.rs` pelo seu próprio código. Por " "exemplo, usando o exemplo da página anterior, faça `src/main.rs` parecer como" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:43 msgid "" "```rust\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:49 msgid "Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:" msgstr "Use `cargo run` para compilar e executar seu binário atualizado:" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:51 msgid "" "```shell\n" "$ cargo run\n" " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n" " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" "Edit me!\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "$ cargo run\n" " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n" " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" "Edit me!\n" "```" #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:59 msgid "" "Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo " "build` to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/" "debug/` for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an " "optimized release build in `target/release/`." msgstr "" "Use `cargo check` para verificar rapidamente se há erros em seu projeto, use " "`cargo build` para compilá-lo sem executá-lo. Você encontrará a saída em " "`target/debug/` para uma compilação de depuração normal. Use `cargo build --" "release` para produzir um binário otimizado em `target/release/`." #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:64 msgid "" "You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you " "run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing " "dependencies for you." msgstr "" "Você pode adicionar dependências para seu projeto editando `Cargo.toml`. " "Quando você execute os comandos `cargo`, ele irá baixar e compilar " "automaticamente dependências para você." #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:72 msgid "" "Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a local " "editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a normal " "development environment." msgstr "" "Tente encorajar os participantes do curso a instalar o Cargo e usar um " "editor local. Isso facilitará a vida deles, pois eles terão um ambiente " "normal de desenvolvimento." #: src/welcome-day-1.md:1 msgid "Welcome to Day 1" msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Dia 1" #: src/welcome-day-1.md:3 msgid "" "This is the first day of Rust Fundamentals. We will cover a lot of ground " "today:" msgstr "" "Este é o primeiro dia de Fundamentos do Rust. Nós iremos cobrir muitos " "pontos hoje:" #: src/welcome-day-1.md:6 msgid "" "Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs, " "references, functions, and methods." msgstr "" "Sintaxe Rust básica: variáveis, tipos escalares e compostos, enums, structs, " "referências, funções e métodos." #: src/welcome-day-1.md:9 msgid "" "Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based " "memory management, and garbage collection." msgstr "" "Gerenciamento de memória: pilha versus heap, gerenciamento de memória " "manual, gerenciamento de memória baseado em escopo e _garbage collection_ " "(coleta de lixo)." #: src/welcome-day-1.md:12 msgid "" "Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes." msgstr "" "_Ownership_ (posse): semântica de _move_, cópia e clonagem, _borrow_ " "(empréstimo) e _lifetime_ (tempo de vida)." #: src/welcome-day-1.md:16 msgid "Please remind the students that:" msgstr "Lembre aos alunos que:" #: src/welcome-day-1.md:18 msgid "" "They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end." msgstr "Eles devem fazer perguntas na hora, não as guarde para o fim." #: src/welcome-day-1.md:19 msgid "" "The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much " "encouraged!" msgstr "A aula é para ser interativa e as discussões são muito encorajadas!" #: src/welcome-day-1.md:20 msgid "" "As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i.e., " "keep the discussions related to how Rust does things vs some other " "language. It can be hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of " "allowing discussions since they engage people much more than one-way " "communication." msgstr "" "Como instrutor, você deve tentar manter as discussões relevantes, ou seja, " "mantenha as discussões relacionadas a como o Rust faz as coisas versus " "alguma outra linguagem. Pode ser difícil encontrar o equilíbrio certo, mas " "procure permitir mais discussões, uma vez que elas engajam as pessoas muito " "mais do que uma comunicação unidirecional." #: src/welcome-day-1.md:24 msgid "" "The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the slides." msgstr "" "As perguntas provavelmente farão com que falemos sobre coisas antes dos " "slides." #: src/welcome-day-1.md:25 msgid "" "This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. " "Remember that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as " "you like." msgstr "" "Isso está perfeitamente OK! A repetição é uma parte importante do " "aprendizado. Lembre-se que os slides são apenas um suporte e você está livre " "para ignorá-los quando quiser." #: src/welcome-day-1.md:29 msgid "" "The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to " "speak about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a " "major feature and we should show students this right away." msgstr "" "A ideia para o primeiro dia é mostrar _apenas o suficiente_ de Rust para " "poder falar sobre o famoso _borrow checker_ (verificador de empréstimos). A " "maneira como o Rust lida com a memória é uma característica importante e " "devemos mostrar isso aos alunos imediatamente." #: src/welcome-day-1.md:33 msgid "" "If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the " "schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the slides):" msgstr "" "Se você estiver ensinando isso em uma sala de aula, este é um bom lugar para " "repassar o cronograma. Sugerimos dividir o dia em duas partes (seguindo os " "slides):" #: src/welcome-day-1.md:36 msgid "Morning: 9:00 to 12:00," msgstr "Manhã: 9h às 12h," #: src/welcome-day-1.md:37 msgid "Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00." msgstr "Tarde: 13h às 16h." #: src/welcome-day-1.md:39 msgid "" "You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include " "breaks, we recommend a break every hour!" msgstr "" "É claro que você pode ajustar isso conforme necessário. Certifique-se de " "incluir pausas, recomendamos uma a cada hora!" #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:3 msgid "" "Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015]" "(https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):" msgstr "" "Rust é uma nova linguagem de programação que teve sua [versão 1.0 lançada em " "2015](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):" #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:5 msgid "Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++" msgstr "" "Rust é uma linguagem compilada estaticamente e tem um papel semelhante ao C++" #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:6 msgid "`rustc` uses LLVM as its backend." msgstr "`rustc` usa o LLVM como back-end." #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:7 msgid "" "Rust supports many [platforms and architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):" msgstr "" "Rust suporta muitas [plataformas e arquiteturas](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):" #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:9 msgid "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..." msgstr "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..." #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:10 msgid "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..." msgstr "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..." #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:11 msgid "Rust is used for a wide range of devices:" msgstr "Rust é usado em uma ampla gama de dispositivos:" #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:12 msgid "firmware and boot loaders," msgstr "firmware e carregadores de boot," #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:13 msgid "smart displays," msgstr "monitores inteligentes," #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:14 msgid "mobile phones," msgstr "celulares," #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:15 msgid "desktops," msgstr "desktops," #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:16 msgid "servers." msgstr "servidores." #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:21 msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:" msgstr "Rust se encaixa na mesma área que C++:" #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:23 msgid "High flexibility." msgstr "Alta flexibilidade." #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:24 msgid "High level of control." msgstr "Alto nível de controle." #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:25 msgid "" "Can be scaled down to very constrained devices such as microcontrollers." msgstr "" "Pode ser reduzido para dispositivos com menor poder computacional, tais como " "microcontroladores." #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:26 msgid "Has no runtime or garbage collection." msgstr "Não possui _runtime_ ou coletor de lixo (_garbage collection_)." #: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:27 msgid "Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance." msgstr "" "Concentra-se em confiabilidade e segurança sem sacrificar o desempenho." #: src/hello-world.md:3 msgid "" "Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World " "program:" msgstr "" "Vamos pular para o programa em Rust mais simples possível, o clássico \"Olá " "Mundo\":" #: src/hello-world.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"Olá, 🌍!\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/hello-world.md:12 msgid "What you see:" msgstr "O que você vê:" #: src/hello-world.md:14 msgid "Functions are introduced with `fn`." msgstr "Funções são introduzidas com `fn`." #: src/hello-world.md:15 msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++." msgstr "Os blocos são delimitados por chaves como em C e C++." #: src/hello-world.md:16 msgid "The `main` function is the entry point of the program." msgstr "A função `main` é o ponto de entrada do programa." #: src/hello-world.md:17 msgid "Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this." msgstr "Rust tem macros \"higiênicas\", `println!` é um exemplo disso." #: src/hello-world.md:18 msgid "Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character." msgstr "" "As strings Rust são codificadas em UTF-8 e podem conter qualquer caractere " "Unicode." #: src/hello-world.md:22 msgid "" "This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will " "see a ton of it over the next three days so we start small with something " "familiar." msgstr "" "Este slide tenta deixar os alunos familiarizados com o código em Rust. Eles " "irão ver bastante conteúdo nos próximos três dias, então começamos devagar " "com algo familiar." #: src/hello-world.md:27 msgid "" "Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is " "imperative and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless absolutely necessary." msgstr "" "Rust é muito parecido com outras linguagens na tradição C/C++/Java. É " "imperativo (não funcional) e não tenta reinventar as coisas, a menos que " "seja absolutamente necessário." #: src/hello-world.md:31 msgid "Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode." msgstr "Rust é moderno com suporte total para coisas como Unicode." #: src/hello-world.md:33 msgid "" "Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of " "arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))." msgstr "" "Rust usa macros para situações em que você deseja ter um número variável de " "argumentos (sem [sobrecarga de função](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))." #: src/hello-world.md:36 msgid "" "Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers " "from the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only [partially " "hygienic](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene." "html)." msgstr "" "Macros \"higiênicas\" significam que elas não capturam acidentalmente " "identificadores do escopo em que são usadas. As macros em Rust são, na " "verdade, apenas [parcialmente \"higiênicas\"](https://veykril.github.io/" "tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene.html)." #: src/hello-world.md:40 msgid "" "Rust is multi-paradigm. For example, it has powerful [object-oriented " "programming features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop.html), and, " "while it is not a functional language, it includes a range of [functional " "concepts](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-features.html)." msgstr "" "Rust é multi-paradigma. Por exemplo, ele possui [funcionalidades de " "programação orientada à objetos](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop." "html) poderosas, e, embora não seja uma linguagem _funcional_, inclui uma " "série de [conceitos _funcionais_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-" "functional-features.html)." #: src/hello-world/small-example.md:3 msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:" msgstr "Aqui está um pequeno programa de exemplo em Rust:" #: src/hello-world/small-example.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() { // Program entry point\n" " let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n" " print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n" " while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n" " if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n" " x = x / 2;\n" " } else {\n" " x = 3 * x + 1;\n" " }\n" " print!(\" -> {x}\");\n" " }\n" " println!();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() { // Ponto de entrada do programa\n" " let mut x: i32 = 6; // Atribuição de uma variável mutável\n" " print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro para escrever na tela, como printf\n" " while x != 1 { // Sem parênteses ao redor de expressões\n" " if x % 2 == 0 { // Matemática como em outras linguagens\n" " x = x / 2;\n" " } else {\n" " x = 3 * x + 1;\n" " }\n" " print!(\" -> {x}\");\n" " }\n" " println!();\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/hello-world/small-example.md:23 msgid "" "The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop " "will always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with " "different inputs." msgstr "" "O código implementa a conjectura de Collatz: acredita-se que o loop sempre " "termina, mas isso ainda não está provado. Edite o código e tente diferentes " "entradas." #: src/hello-world/small-example.md:29 msgid "" "Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to " "trigger type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer " "overflow." msgstr "" "Explique que todas as variáveis tipadas estaticamente. Tente remover `i32` " "para acionar a inferência de tipo. Em vez disso, tente com `i8` e cause um " "estouro de número inteiro (_integer overflow_) em tempo de execução." #: src/hello-world/small-example.md:32 msgid "Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error." msgstr "Altere `let mut x` para `let x`, discuta o erro do compilador." #: src/hello-world/small-example.md:34 msgid "" "Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match the " "format string." msgstr "" "Mostre como `print!` cause um erro de compilação se os argumentos não " "corresponderem à string de formato." #: src/hello-world/small-example.md:37 msgid "" "Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an " "expression which is more complex than just a single variable." msgstr "" "Mostre como você precisa usar `{}` como um espaço reservado se quiser " "imprimir uma expressão que seja mais complexa do que apenas uma única " "variável." #: src/hello-world/small-example.md:40 msgid "" "Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::" "fmt` which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important " "that the students become familiar with searching in the standard library." msgstr "" "Mostre aos alunos a biblioteca padrão (_standard library_), mostre como " "pesquisar `std::fmt`, o qual possui as regras da mini-linguagem de " "formatação. É importante que os alunos se familiarizem com pesquisas na " "biblioteca padrão." #: src/hello-world/small-example.md:44 msgid "" "In a shell `rustup doc std::fmt` will open a browser on the local std::fmt " "documentation" msgstr "" "Em um shell `rustup doc std::fmt` abrirá um navegador na documentação std::" "fmt local." #: src/why-rust.md:3 msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:" msgstr "Alguns pontos exclusivos do Rust:" #: src/why-rust.md:5 msgid "Compile time memory safety." msgstr "Segurança de memória em tempo de compilação." #: src/why-rust.md:6 msgid "Lack of undefined runtime behavior." msgstr "Sem comportamento indefinido em tempo de execução." #: src/why-rust.md:7 msgid "Modern language features." msgstr "Recursos de linguagem de programação modernas." #: src/why-rust.md:11 msgid "" "Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. " "Depending on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:" msgstr "" "Certifique-se de perguntar à classe com quais linguagens de programação eles " "têm experiência. Dependendo da resposta você pode destacar diferentes " "características do Rust:" #: src/why-rust.md:14 msgid "" "Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_ " "via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't " "have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with " "constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management." msgstr "" "Experiência com C ou C++: Rust elimina toda uma classe de _erros em tempo de " "execução_ através do verificador de empréstimos (_borrow checker_). Você " "obtém desempenho como em C e C++, mas sem os problemas de insegurança de " "memória. Além disso, você tem uma linguagem com funcionalidades modernas " "como correspondência de padrões e gerenciamento de dependência integrado." #: src/why-rust.md:19 msgid "" "Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory " "safety as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In " "addition you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage " "collector) as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)" msgstr "" "Experiência com Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: Você tem a mesma segurança " "de memória como nessas linguagens, além de uma semelhança com linguagens de " "alto nível. Além disso você obtém desempenho rápido e previsível como C e C+" "+ (sem coletor de lixo ou \"_garbage collector_\") bem como acesso a " "hardware de baixo nível (caso você precise)" #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:3 msgid "Static memory management at compile time:" msgstr "Gerenciamento de memória estática em tempo de compilação:" #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:5 msgid "No uninitialized variables." msgstr "Sem variáveis não inicializadas." #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:6 msgid "No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes)." msgstr "Sem vazamentos de memória (_quase_, veja as notas)." #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:7 msgid "No double-frees." msgstr "Sem _double-frees_." #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:8 msgid "No use-after-free." msgstr "Sem _use-after-free_." #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:9 msgid "No `NULL` pointers." msgstr "Sem ponteiros `NULL`." #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:10 msgid "No forgotten locked mutexes." msgstr "Sem _mutexes_ bloqueados esquecidos." #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:11 msgid "No data races between threads." msgstr "Sem concorrência de dados entre _threads_." #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:12 msgid "No iterator invalidation." msgstr "Sem invalidação de iteradores." #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:16 msgid "" "It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples are:" msgstr "" "É possível produzir vazamentos de memória no Rust (seguro). Alguns exemplos " "são:" #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:19 msgid "" "You can use [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box." "html#method.leak) to leak a pointer. A use of this could be to get runtime-" "initialized and runtime-sized static variables" msgstr "" "Você pode usar [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box." "html#method.leak) para vazar um ponteiro. Um uso para isso poderia ser para " "obter variáveis estáticas inicializadas e dimensionadas em tempo de execução" #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:21 msgid "" "You can use [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget." "html) to make the compiler \"forget\" about a value (meaning the destructor " "is never run)." msgstr "" "Você pode usar [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn." "forget.html) para fazer o compilador \"esquecer\" sobre um valor (o que " "significa que o destrutor nunca é executado)." #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:23 msgid "" "You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle](https://doc.rust-lang." "org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) with `Rc` or `Arc`." msgstr "" "Você também pode criar acidentalmente uma [referência cíclica](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) com `Rc` ou `Arc`." #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:25 msgid "" "In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory leak " "and Rust does not protect from those." msgstr "" "Na verdade, alguns considerarão que preencher infinitamente uma coleção " "(estruturas de dados) seja um vazamento de memória e o Rust não protege " "disso." #: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:28 msgid "" "For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood as " "\"Pretty much no _accidental_ memory leaks\"." msgstr "" "Para o propósito deste curso, \"Sem vazamentos de memória\" deve ser " "entendido como \"Praticamente sem vazamentos de memória _acidentais_\"." #: src/why-rust/runtime.md:3 msgid "No undefined behavior at runtime:" msgstr "Nenhum comportamento indefinido em tempo de execução:" #: src/why-rust/runtime.md:5 msgid "Array access is bounds checked." msgstr "O acesso a matrizes tem limites verificados." #: src/why-rust/runtime.md:6 msgid "Integer overflow is defined (panic or wrap-around)." msgstr "Estouro de números inteiros é definido (\"pânico\" ou _wrap-around_)." #: src/why-rust/runtime.md:12 msgid "" "Integer overflow is defined via the [`overflow-checks`](https://doc.rust-" "lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-checks) compile-time " "flag. If enabled, the program will panic (a controlled crash of the " "program), otherwise you get wrap-around semantics. By default, you get " "panics in debug mode (`cargo build`) and wrap-around in release mode (`cargo " "build --release`)." msgstr "" "O estouro de números inteiros é definido por meio da _flag_ [`overflow-" "checks`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-" "checks) em tempo de compilação. Se habilitada, o programa causará um pânico " "(uma falha controlada do programa). Caso contrário, será usada a semântica " "_wrap-around_. Por padrão, você obtém pânicos em modo de depuração (`cargo " "build`) e _wrap-around_ em modo de produção (`cargo build --release`)." #: src/why-rust/runtime.md:18 msgid "" "Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also not be " "disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However, `unsafe` allows you to " "call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked` which does not do bounds " "checking." msgstr "" "A verificação de limites (\"_bounds checking_\") não pode ser desativada com " "uma _flag_ do compilador. Ela também não pode ser desativada diretamente com " "a palavra-chave `unsafe`. No entanto, `unsafe` permite que você chame " "funções como `slice::get_unchecked` que não faz verificação de limites." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:3 msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last decades." msgstr "" "O Rust é construído com toda a experiência adquirida nas últimas décadas." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:5 msgid "Language Features" msgstr "Características da Linguagem" #: src/why-rust/modern.md:7 msgid "Enums and pattern matching." msgstr "Enums e correspondência de padrões." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:8 msgid "Generics." msgstr "_Generics_." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:9 msgid "No overhead FFI." msgstr "FFI sem _overhead_." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:10 msgid "Zero-cost abstractions." msgstr "Abstrações de custo zero." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:12 msgid "Tooling" msgstr "Ferramentas" #: src/why-rust/modern.md:14 msgid "Great compiler errors." msgstr "Excelentes mensagens de erro do compilador." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:15 msgid "Built-in dependency manager." msgstr "Gerenciador de dependências integrado." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:16 msgid "Built-in support for testing." msgstr "Suporte integrado para testes." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:17 msgid "Excellent Language Server Protocol support." msgstr "Excelente suporte ao protocolo de servidor de linguagem (LSP)." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:23 msgid "" "Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to 'pay' " "for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example, " "writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level " "instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct." msgstr "" "Abstrações de custo zero, semelhantes ao C++, significa que você não precisa " "'pagar' por construções de programação de alto nível com memória ou CPU. Por " "exemplo, escrever um loop usando `for` deve resultar aproximadamente no " "mesmo nível de instruções de baixo nível quanto usar a construção `.iter()." "fold()`." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:28 msgid "" "It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', also " "known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like " "`Option` and `Result`." msgstr "" "Pode valer a pena mencionar que Rust enums são 'Tipos de Dados " "Algébricos' ('_Algebraic Data Types_'), também conhecidos como 'tipos de " "soma', que permitem que o sistema de tipos expresse coisas como `Option` " "e `Result`." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:32 msgid "" "Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to " "ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more " "talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with _actionable_ " "feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code." msgstr "" "Lembre as pessoas de lerem os erros --- muitos desenvolvedores se " "acostumaram ignore as longas mensagens do compilador. O compilador Rust é " "significativamente mais \"verbal\" do que outros compiladores. Muitas vezes, " "ele lhe fornecerá sugestões _práticas_, prontas para copiar e colar em seu " "código." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:37 msgid "" "The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, Python, " "and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard " "and essential:" msgstr "" "A biblioteca padrão do Rust (_Rust standard library_) é pequena comparada a " "linguagens como Java, Python e Go. Rust não vem com várias coisas que você " "pode considerar padrão e essencial:" #: src/why-rust/modern.md:41 msgid "a random number generator, but see [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)." msgstr "" "um gerador de números aleatórios, mas veja [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:42 msgid "support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)." msgstr "" "suporte para SSL ou TLS, mas consulte [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:43 msgid "support for JSON, but see [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)." msgstr "" "suporte para JSON, mas consulte [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:45 msgid "" "The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library " "cannot go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the " "Rust community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps " "there isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things." msgstr "" "O raciocínio por trás disso é que funcionalidade na biblioteca padrão não " "pode ser descartada, portanto ela tem que ser muito estável. Para os " "exemplos acima, a comunidade do Rust ainda está trabalhando para encontrar a " "melhor solução --- e talvez não exista uma única \"melhor solução\" para " "algumas dessas coisas." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:50 msgid "" "Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this " "makes it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence " "of this is that the standard library can be smaller." msgstr "" "Rust vem com um gerenciador de pacotes embutido na forma de Cargo e isso " "torna trivial baixar e compilar _crates_ de terceiros. Uma consequência " "disso é que a biblioteca padrão pode ser menor." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:54 msgid "" "Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like help with this by letting you compare health metrics for crates to " "find a good and trusted one." msgstr "" "Descobrir bons _crates_ de terceiros pode ser um problema. Sites como " " ajudam com isso, permitindo que você compare métricas de " "_crates_ para encontrar um bom e confiável." #: src/why-rust/modern.md:58 msgid "" "[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) is a well supported LSP " "implementation used in major IDEs and text editors." msgstr "" "[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) é uma implementação LSP " "bem suportada usada pelas principais IDEs e editores de texto." #: src/basic-syntax.md:3 msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:" msgstr "" "Grande parte da sintaxe do Rust será familiar para você que vem de C, C++ ou " "Java:" #: src/basic-syntax.md:5 msgid "Blocks and scopes are delimited by curly braces." msgstr "Blocos e escopos são delimitados por chaves." #: src/basic-syntax.md:6 msgid "" "Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/* ... " "*/`." msgstr "" "Comentários de linha são iniciados com `//`, comentários de bloco são " "delimitados por `/* ... */`." #: src/basic-syntax.md:8 msgid "Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same." msgstr "Palavras-chave como `if` e `while` funcionam da mesma forma." #: src/basic-syntax.md:9 msgid "Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`." msgstr "" "A atribuição de variáveis é feita com `=`, a comparação é feita com `==`." #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3 #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16 msgid "Types" msgstr "Tipos" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3 msgid "Literals" msgstr "Literais" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5 msgid "Signed integers" msgstr "Inteiros com sinal" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5 msgid "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`" msgstr "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5 msgid "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`" msgstr "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6 msgid "Unsigned integers" msgstr "Inteiros sem sinal" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6 msgid "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`" msgstr "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6 msgid "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`" msgstr "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7 msgid "Floating point numbers" msgstr "Números de ponto flutuante" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7 msgid "`f32`, `f64`" msgstr "`f32`, `f64`" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7 msgid "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`" msgstr "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8 msgid "Strings" msgstr "Strings" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8 msgid "`&str`" msgstr "`&str`" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8 msgid "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`" msgstr "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9 msgid "Unicode scalar values" msgstr "Valores escalares Unicode" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9 msgid "`char`" msgstr "`char`" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9 msgid "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`" msgstr "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10 msgid "Booleans" msgstr "Booleanos" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10 msgid "`bool`" msgstr "`bool`" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10 msgid "`true`, `false`" msgstr "`true`, `false`" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:12 msgid "The types have widths as follows:" msgstr "Os tipos têm os seguintes tamanhos:" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:14 msgid "`iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide," msgstr "`iN`, `uN` e `fN` têm _N_ bits," #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:15 msgid "`isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer," msgstr "`isize` e `usize` são do tamanho de um ponteiro," #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:16 msgid "`char` is 32 bits wide," msgstr "`char` tem 32 bits," #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:17 msgid "`bool` is 8 bits wide." msgstr "`bool` tem 8 bits." #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:21 msgid "There are a few syntaxes which are not shown above:" msgstr "Há algumas sintaxes que não são mostradas acima:" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:23 msgid "" "Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: " "`r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal " "amount of `#` on either side of the quotes:" msgstr "" "Strings brutas permitem que você crie um valor `&str` com caracteres de " "escape desabilitados: `r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. Você pode embutir aspas " "duplas utilizando uma quantidade igual de `#` em Ambos os lados das aspas:" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:27 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(r#\"link\"#);\n" " println!(\"link\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(r#\"link\"#);\n" " println!(\"link\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:34 msgid "Byte strings allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:" msgstr "Strings de byte permitem que você crie um valor `&[u8]` diretamente:" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:36 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n" " println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n" " println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:43 msgid "" "All underscores in numbers can be left out, they are for legibility only. So " "`1_000` can be written as `1000` (or `10_00`), and `123_i64` can be written " "as `123i64`." msgstr "" "Todos os sublinhados em números podem ser omitidos, eles são apenas para " "legibilidade. Por exemplo, `1_000` pode ser escrito como `1000` (ou " "`10_00`), e `123_i64` pode ser escrito como `123i64`." #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5 msgid "Arrays" msgstr "Matrizes" #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5 msgid "`[T; N]`" msgstr "`[T; N]`" #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5 msgid "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`" msgstr "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`" #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6 msgid "Tuples" msgstr "Tuplas" #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6 msgid "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..." msgstr "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..." #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6 msgid "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..." msgstr "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..." #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:8 msgid "Array assignment and access:" msgstr "Atribuição e acesso a matrizes:" #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:10 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n" " a[5] = 0;\n" " println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n" " a[5] = 0;\n" " println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:18 msgid "Tuple assignment and access:" msgstr "Atribuição e acesso a tuplas:" #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:20 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n" " println!(\"1st index: {}\", t.0);\n" " println!(\"2nd index: {}\", t.1);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n" " println!(\"1º índice: {}\", t.0);\n" " println!(\"2º índice: {}\", t.1);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:32 msgid "Arrays:" msgstr "Vetores:" #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:34 msgid "" "A value of the array type `[T; N]` holds `N` (a compile-time constant) " "elements of the same type `T`. Note that the length of the array is _part of " "its type_, which means that `[u8; 3]` and `[u8; 4]` are considered two " "different types." msgstr "" "O valor do tipo matriz `[T; N]` comporta `N` elementos (constante em tempo " "de compilação) do mesmo tipo `N`. Note que o tamanho de uma matriz é _parte " "do seu tipo_, o que significa que `[u8; 3]` e `[u8; 4]` são considerados " "dois tipos diferentes." #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:38 msgid "We can use literals to assign values to arrays." msgstr "Nós podemos usar literais para atribuir valores para matrizes." #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:40 msgid "" "In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug implementation " "with the `?` format parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives " "the debug output. We could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without " "specifying the value after the format string." msgstr "" "Na função `main`, o comando `print` pede a implementação de depuração " "(_debug_) com o parâmetro de formato formato `?`: `{}` produz a saída " "padrão, `{:?}` produz a saída de depuração. Nós também poderíamos ter usado " "`{a}` e `{a:?}` sem especificar o valor depois da string de formato." #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:45 msgid "" "Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be " "easier to read." msgstr "" "Adicionando `#`, p.ex. `{a:#?}`, invoca um formato \"_pretty " "printing_\" (\"impressão bonita\"), que pode ser mais legível." #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:47 msgid "Tuples:" msgstr "Tuplas:" #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:49 msgid "Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length." msgstr "Assim como matrizes, tuplas têm tamanho fixo." #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:51 msgid "Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type." msgstr "Tuplas agrupam valores de diferentes tipos em um tipo composto." #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:53 msgid "" "Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, " "e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`." msgstr "" "Campos de uma tupla podem ser acessados com um ponto e o índice do valor, e." "g. `t.0`, `t.1`." #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:55 msgid "" "The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, " "and the only valid value of that type - that is to say both the type and its " "value are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a " "function or expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide. " msgstr "" "A tupla vazia `()` também é conhecida como \"tipo unidade\" (_unit type_). É " "tanto um tipo quanto o único valor válido desse tipo - ou seja, o tipo e seu " "valor são expressos como `()`. É usado para indicar, por exemplo, que uma " "função ou expressão não tem valor de retorno, como veremos em um slide " "futuro." #: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:59 msgid "" "You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other " "programming languages." msgstr "" "Você pode pensar nisso como um `void`, que talvez lhe seja familiar de " "outras linguagens de programação." #: src/basic-syntax/references.md:3 msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:" msgstr "Como C++, o Rust tem referências:" #: src/basic-syntax/references.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut x: i32 = 10;\n" " let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n" " *ref_x = 20;\n" " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/basic-syntax/references.md:14 msgid "Some notes:" msgstr "Algumas notas:" #: src/basic-syntax/references.md:16 msgid "" "We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ " "pointers." msgstr "" "Devemos desreferenciar `ref_x` ao atribuí-lo um valor, semelhante à " "ponteiros em C e C++." #: src/basic-syntax/references.md:17 msgid "" "Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking " "methods (try `ref_x.count_ones()`)." msgstr "" "Em alguns casos, o Rust desreferenciará automaticamente, em particular ao " "invocar métodos (tente `ref_x.count_ones()`)." #: src/basic-syntax/references.md:19 msgid "" "References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values over " "their lifetime." msgstr "" "As referências que são declaradas como `mut` podem ser vinculadas a " "diferentes valores ao longo de seu tempo de vida." #: src/basic-syntax/references.md:25 msgid "" "Be sure to note the difference between `let mut ref_x: &i32` and `let ref_x: " "&mut i32`. The first one represents a mutable reference which can be bound " "to different values, while the second represents a reference to a mutable " "value." msgstr "" "Certifique-se de observar a diferença entre `let mut ref_x: &i32` e `let " "ref_x: &mut i32`. O primeiro representa uma referência mutável que pode ser " "ligada a diferentes valores, enquanto o segundo representa uma referência a " "um valor mutável." #: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:3 msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:" msgstr "Rust estaticamente proibirá referências pendentes:" #: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn main() {\n" " let ref_x: &i32;\n" " {\n" " let x: i32 = 10;\n" " ref_x = &x;\n" " }\n" " println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:16 msgid "A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to." msgstr "Diz-se que uma referência \"pega emprestado\" o valor a que se refere." #: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:17 msgid "" "Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long " "enough." msgstr "" "Rust está rastreando os tempos de vida de todas as referências para garantir " "que elas durem o suficiente." #: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:19 msgid "We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership." msgstr "Falaremos mais sobre empréstimos quando chegarmos à _ownership_." #: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:3 msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:" msgstr "Uma _slice_ (fatia) oferece uma visão de uma coleção maior:" #: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n" " println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n" "\n" " let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n" "\n" " println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n" " println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n" "\n" " let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n" "\n" " println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:16 msgid "Slices borrow data from the sliced type." msgstr "Slices pegam dados emprestados do tipo original." #: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:17 msgid "Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]` right before printing `s`?" msgstr "" "Pergunta: O que acontece se você modificar `a[3]` imediatamente antes de " "imprimir `s`?" #: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:21 msgid "" "We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending " "indexes in brackets." msgstr "" "Nós criamos uma _slice_ emprestando `a` e especificando os índices de início " "e fim entre colchetes." #: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:23 msgid "" "If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the " "starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are " "identical." msgstr "" "Se a _slice_ começa no índice 0, a sintaxe de _range_ (faixa) nos permite " "omitir o índice inicial, o que significa que `&a[0..a.len()]` e `&a[..a." "len()]` são idênticos." #: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:25 msgid "" "The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are " "identical." msgstr "" "O mesmo vale para o último índice, logo `&a[2..a.len()]` e `&a[2..]` são " "idênticos." #: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:27 msgid "" "To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`." msgstr "" "Para criar facilmente uma _slice_ de uma matriz completa, podemos " "utilizar`&a[..]`." #: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:29 msgid "" "`s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` " "(`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform " "computation on slices of different sizes." msgstr "" "`s` é uma referência a uma _slice_ de `i32`. Observe que o tipo de `s` " "(`&[i32]`) não menciona mais o tamanho da matriz. Isso nos permite realizar " "cálculos em _slices_ de tamanhos diferentes." #: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:31 msgid "" "Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain " "'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice. " msgstr "" "As _slices_ sempre pegam emprestado de outro objeto. Neste exemplo, `a` deve " "permanecer 'vivo' (em escopo) por pelo menos tanto tempo quanto nossa " "_slice_." #: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:33 msgid "" "The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but " "the answer is that for memory safety reasons you cannot do it through `a` at " "this point in the execution, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` " "safely. It works before you created the slice, and again after the " "`println`, when the slice is no longer used. More details will be explained " "in the borrow checker section." msgstr "" "A questão sobre a modificação de `a[3]` pode gerar uma discussão " "interessante, mas a resposta é que por motivos de segurança de memória você " "não pode fazer isso por meio de `a` neste ponto durante a execução, mas você " "pode ler os dados de `a` e `s` com segurança. Isto funciona antes da criação " "do _slice_, e novamente depois de `println`, quando o _slice_ não é mais " "necessário. Mais detalhes serão explicados na seção do verificador de " "empréstimos." #: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:1 msgid "`String` vs `str`" msgstr "`String` vs `str`" #: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:3 msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:" msgstr "Agora podemos entender os dois tipos de strings em Rust:" #: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let s1: &str = \"World\";\n" " println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" "\n" " let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n" " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" " s2.push_str(s1);\n" " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" " \n" " let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n" " println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let s1: &str = \"Mundo\";\n" " println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" "\n" " let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Olá \");\n" " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" " s2.push_str(s1);\n" " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" " \n" " let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n" " println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:20 msgid "Rust terminology:" msgstr "Terminologia do Rust:" #: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:22 msgid "`&str` an immutable reference to a string slice." msgstr "`&str` é uma referência imutável para uma _slice_ de string." #: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:23 msgid "`String` a mutable string buffer." msgstr "`String` é um _buffer_ de string mutável." #: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:27 msgid "" "`&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 " "encoded string data stored in a block of memory. String literals " "(`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary." msgstr "" "`&str` introduz uma _slice_ de string, a qual é uma referência imutável para " "os dados da string em formato UTF-8 armazenados em um bloco de memória. " "Literais de string (`\"Hello\"`) são armazenadas no código binário do " "programa." #: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:30 msgid "" "Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a " "`Vec`, it is owned." msgstr "" "O tipo `String` do Rust é um invólucro ao redor de uma matriz de bytes. " "Assim como um `Vec`, ele é _owned_." #: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:32 msgid "" "As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string " "literal; `String::new()` creates a new empty string, to which string data " "can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods." msgstr "" "Da mesma forma que outros tipos, `String::from()` cria uma string a partir " "de um literal; `String::new()` cria uma nova string vazia, na qual dados de " "string podem ser adicionados com os métodos `push()` e `push_str()`." #: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:35 msgid "" "The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from " "dynamic values. It accepts the same format specification as `println!()`." msgstr "" "A macro `format!()` é uma maneira conveniente de gerar uma string _owned_ a " "partir de valores dinâmicos. Ela aceita os mesmos formatadores que `println!" "()`." #: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:38 msgid "" "You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range " "selection." msgstr "" "Você pode emprestar _slices_ `&str` de `String` através do operador `&` e, " "opcionalmente, selecionar um _range_ (\"intervalo\")." #: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:40 msgid "" "For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `const char*` from C++, but the one " "that always points to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough " "equivalent of `std::string` from C++ (main difference: it can only contain " "UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization)." msgstr "" "Para programadores C++: pense em `&str` como `const char*` de C++, mas que " "sempre aponta para uma string válida na memória. Em Rust, `String` é um " "equivalente aproximado de `std::string` de C++ (principal diferença: ele só " "pode conter bytes codificados em UTF-8 e nunca usará uma otimização de " "string pequena)." #: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:3 msgid "" "A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" "Fizz_buzz) interview question:" msgstr "" "Uma versão em Rust da famosa pergunta de entrevistas [FizzBuzz](https://en." "wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz):" #: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " print_fizzbuzz_to(20);\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn is_divisible(n: u32, divisor: u32) -> bool {\n" " if divisor == 0 {\n" " return false;\n" " }\n" " n % divisor == 0\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> String {\n" " let fizz = if is_divisible(n, 3) { \"fizz\" } else { \"\" };\n" " let buzz = if is_divisible(n, 5) { \"buzz\" } else { \"\" };\n" " if fizz.is_empty() && buzz.is_empty() {\n" " return format!(\"{n}\");\n" " }\n" " format!(\"{fizz}{buzz}\")\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn print_fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) {\n" " for i in 1..=n {\n" " println!(\"{}\", fizzbuzz(i));\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " imprimir_fizzbuzz_para(20);\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn eh_divisivel(n: u32, divisor: u32) -> bool {\n" " if divisor == 0 {\n" " return false;\n" " }\n" " n % divisor == 0\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> String {\n" " let fizz = if eh_divisivel(n, 3) { \"fizz\" } else { \"\" };\n" " let buzz = if eh_divisivel(n, 5) { \"buzz\" } else { \"\" };\n" " if fizz.is_empty() && buzz.is_empty() {\n" " return format!(\"{n}\");\n" " }\n" " format!(\"{fizz}{buzz}\")\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn imprimir_fizzbuzz_para(n: u32) {\n" " for i in 1..=n {\n" " println!(\"{}\", fizzbuzz(i));\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:35 msgid "" "We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward declarations " "nor headers are necessary. " msgstr "" "Nos referimos em `main` a uma função escrita abaixo. Nem declarações prévias " "e nem cabeçalhos são necessários." #: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:36 msgid "" "Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some " "programming languages), then a return type." msgstr "" "Os parâmetros de declaração são seguidos por um tipo (o inverso de algumas " "linguagens de programação) e, em seguida, um tipo de retorno." #: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:37 msgid "" "The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return " "value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression." msgstr "" "A última expressão em um corpo de uma função (ou qualquer bloco) torna-se o " "valor de retorno. Simplesmente omita o `;` no final da expressão." #: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:38 msgid "" "Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The " "compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted." msgstr "" "Algumas funções não têm valor de retorno e retornam o 'tipo unitário', `()`. " "O compilador irá inferir isso se o tipo de retorno `-> ()` for omitido." #: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:39 msgid "" "The range expression in the `for` loop in `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contains " "`=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound." msgstr "" "A expressão de intervalo no loop `for` em `imprimir_fizzbuzz_para()` contém " "`=n`, o que faz com que inclua o limite superior." #: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:3 msgid "" "All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax." msgstr "" "Todos os itens da linguagem podem ser documentados com a sintaxe especial " "`///`." #: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second " "argument.\n" "///\n" "/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n" "fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n" " if rhs == 0 {\n" " return false; // Corner case, early return\n" " }\n" " lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return " "value\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "/// Determine se o primeiro argumento é divisível pelo segundo argumento.\n" "///\n" "/// Se o segundo argumento for zero, o resultado é falso.\n" "fn divisivel_por(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n" " if rhs == 0 {\n" " return false; // Caso excepcional, retorne antes\n" " }\n" " lhs % rhs == 0 // A última expressão do bloco é o valor de retorno\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:17 msgid "" "The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are " "automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the [rustdoc]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is " "idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern." msgstr "" "O conteúdio é tratado como _Markdown_. Todos os _crates_ publicados na " "biblioteca Rust são documentados automaticamente em [`docs.rs`](https://docs." "rs) utilizando a ferramenta [rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-" "is-rustdoc.html). É idiomático documentar todos os itens públicos em uma API " "usando este padrão." #: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:24 msgid "" "Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at [`docs.rs/rand`]" "(https://docs.rs/rand)." msgstr "" "Mostre aos alunos os documentos gerados para o crate `rand` em [`docs.rs/" "rand`](https://docs.rs/rand)." #: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:27 msgid "" "This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but in " "real code they should be present." msgstr "" "Este curso não inclui o rustdoc nos slides, apenas para economizar espaço, " "mas em código real eles devem estar presentes." #: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:30 msgid "" "Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need not " "be addressed here." msgstr "" "Os comentários internos do documento são discutidos posteriormente (na " "página sobre módulos) e não precisam ser ser abordados aqui." #: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:33 msgid "" "Rustdoc comments can contain code snippets that we can run and test using " "`cargo test`. We will discuss these tests in the [Testing section](../" "testing/doc-tests.html)." msgstr "" "Os comentários do Rustdoc podem conter trechos de código-fonte, que podem " "ser executados e testados por meio de `cargo test`. Nós discutiremos estes " "testes na [seção de Testes](../testing/doc-tests.html)." #: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:3 msgid "" "Methods are functions associated with a type. The `self` argument of a " "method is an instance of the type it is associated with:" msgstr "" "Métodos são funções associadas a um tipo específico. O primeiro argumento " "(`self`) de um método é uma instância do tipo ao qual está associado:" #: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "struct Rectangle {\n" " width: u32,\n" " height: u32,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Rectangle {\n" " fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n" " self.width * self.height\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n" " self.width += delta;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n" " println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area());\n" " rect.inc_width(5);\n" " println!(\"new area: {}\", rect.area());\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "struct Retangulo {\n" " largura: u32,\n" " altura: u32,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Retangulo {\n" " fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n" " self.largura * self.altura\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn aum_largura(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n" " self.largura += delta;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut ret = Retangulo { largura: 10, altura: 5 };\n" " println!(\"area antiga: {}\", ret.area());\n" " ret.aum_largura(5);\n" " println!(\"nova area: {}\", ret.area());\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:30 msgid "" "We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's " "class." msgstr "" "Veremos muito mais sobre métodos no exercício de hoje e na aula de amanhã." #: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:34 #, fuzzy msgid "Add a static method called `Rectangle::new` and call this from `main`:" msgstr "" "Adicione um método estático chamado `Retangulo::new` e o chame a partir de " "`main`:" #: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:36 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n" " Rectangle { width, height }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn new(largura: u32, altura: u32) -> Retangulo {\n" " Retangulo { largura, altura }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:42 #, fuzzy msgid "" "While _technically_, Rust does not have custom constructors, static methods " "are commonly used to initialize structs (but don't have to). The actual " "constructor, `Rectangle { width, height }`, could be called directly. See " "the [Rustnomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/constructors.html)." msgstr "" "Enquanto _tecnicamente_, o Rust não possui construtores customizados, " "métodos estáticos são normalmente usados para inicializar _structs_ (embora " "não sejam necessários). The construtor propriamente dito, `Retangulo " "{ largura, altura }`, poderia ser chamado diretamente. Veja o [Rustnomicon]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/constructors.html)." #: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:45 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Add a `Rectangle::square(width: u32)` constructor to illustrate that such " "static methods can take arbitrary parameters." msgstr "" "Adicione um construtor `Retangulo::novo_quadrado(largura: u32)` para " "demonstrar que tais métodos estáticos podem ter parâmetros arbitrários." #: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:1 msgid "Function Overloading" msgstr "Sobrecarga de Funções" #: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:3 msgid "Overloading is not supported:" msgstr "Sobrecarga não é suportada:" #: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:5 msgid "Each function has a single implementation:" msgstr "Cada função tem uma única implementação:" #: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:6 msgid "Always takes a fixed number of parameters." msgstr "Sempre tem um número fixo de parâmetros." #: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:7 msgid "Always takes a single set of parameter types." msgstr "Sempre usa um único conjunto de tipos de parâmetros." #: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:8 msgid "Default values are not supported:" msgstr "Valores padrão não são suportados:" #: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:9 msgid "All call sites have the same number of arguments." msgstr "Todos as chamadas têm o mesmo número de argumentos." #: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:10 msgid "Macros are sometimes used as an alternative." msgstr "Às vezes macros são utilizadas como alternativa." #: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:12 msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:" msgstr "No entanto, os parâmetros da função podem ser tipos genéricos:" #: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:14 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn pick_one(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n" " if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n" " println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn escolha_um(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n" " if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"lance da moeda: {}\", escolha_um(\"cara\", \"coroa\"));\n" " println!(\"prêmio em dinheiro: {}\", escolha_um(500, 1000));\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:27 msgid "" "When using generics, the standard library's `Into` can provide a kind of " "limited polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a later " "section." msgstr "" "Ao usar tipos genéricos, o `Into` da biblioteca padrão pode fornecer um " "tipo de polimorfismo limitado nos tipos de argumento. Veremos mais detalhes " "em uma seção posterior." #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:1 msgid "Day 1: Morning Exercises" msgstr "Dia 1: Exercícios Matinais" #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:3 msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:" msgstr "Nestes exercícios, vamos explorar duas partes do Rust:" #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:5 msgid "Implicit conversions between types." msgstr "Conversões implícitas entre tipos." #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:7 msgid "Arrays and `for` loops." msgstr "Matrizes (_Arrays_) e _loops_ (laços) `for`." #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:11 msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:" msgstr "Algumas coisas a considerar ao resolver os exercícios:" #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:13 msgid "" "Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get auto-" "completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo](../../cargo.md) " "for details on installing Rust." msgstr "" "Se possível, use uma instalação local do Rust. Desta forma, você pode obter " "preenchimento automático em seu editor. Veja a página sobre [Utilização do " "Cargo](../../cargo.md) para detalhes sobre instalação do Rust." #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:17 msgid "Alternatively, use the Rust Playground." msgstr "Alternativamente, utilize o Rust Playground." #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:19 msgid "" "The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets lose " "their state if you navigate away from the page." msgstr "" "Os trechos de código não são editáveis de propósito: os trechos de código " "embutidos perdem seu estado se você sair da página." #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:22 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:11 #: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:7 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:7 #: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:12 msgid "" "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-" "morning.md) provided." msgstr "" "Depois de ver os exercícios, você pode ver as [soluções](solutions-morning." "md) fornecidas." #: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:3 msgid "" "Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types " "([unlike C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/" "implicit_conversion)). You can see this in a program like this:" msgstr "" "Rust não aplicará automaticamente _conversões implícitas_ entre os tipos " "([ao contrário de C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/" "implicit_conversion)). Você pode ver isso em um programa como este:" #: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n" " x * y\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x: i8 = 15;\n" " let y: i16 = 1000;\n" "\n" " println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiply(x, y));\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn multiplicar(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n" " x * y\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x: i8 = 15;\n" " let y: i16 = 1000;\n" "\n" " println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiplicar(x, y));\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:19 msgid "" "The Rust integer types all implement the [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang." "org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "std/convert/trait.Into.html) traits to let us convert between them. The " "`From` trait has a single `from()` method and similarly, the `Into` " "trait has a single `into()` method. Implementing these traits is how a type " "expresses that it can be converted into another type." msgstr "" "Todos os tipos inteiros do Rust implementam os _traits_ [`From`](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) e [`Into`](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) para nos deixar converter entre " "eles. O trait `From` tem um único método `from()` e da mesma forma, o " "trait `Into` tem um único método `into()`. A implementação desses traits " "é como um tipo expressa que pode ser convertido em outro tipo." #: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:25 msgid "" "The standard library has an implementation of `From for i16`, which " "means that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by " "calling `i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From for " "i16` implementation automatically create an implementation of `Into for " "i8`." msgstr "" "A biblioteca padrão tem uma implementação de `From for i16`, o que " "significa que podemos converter uma variável `x` do tipo `i8` para um `i16` " "chamando `i16::from(x)`. Ou, mais simples, com `x.into()`, porque a " "implementação `From for i16` cria automaticamente uma implementação de " "`Into for i8`." #: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:30 msgid "" "The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, so " "it is sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` " "implementation automatically." msgstr "" "O mesmo se aplica às suas próprias implementações de `From` para seus " "próprios tipos, logo é suficiente implementar apenas `From` para obter uma " "respectiva implementação `Into` automaticamente." #: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:33 msgid "Execute the above program and look at the compiler error." msgstr "Execute o programa acima e observe o erro de compilação." #: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:35 msgid "Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion." msgstr "Atualize o código acima para utilizar `into()` para fazer a conversão." #: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:37 msgid "" "Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`, " "`i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try " "converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the " "[standard library documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait." "From.html) to see if `From` is implemented for the pairs you check." msgstr "" "Mude os tipos de `x` e `y` para outros tipos (como `f32`, `bool`, `i128`) " "para ver quais tipos você pode converter para quais outros tipos. " "Experimente converter tipos pequenos em tipos grandes e vice-versa. " "Verifique a [documentação da biblioteca padrão](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "std/convert/trait.From.html) para ver se `From` está implementado para os " "pares que você verificar." #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:1 #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:3 msgid "Arrays and `for` Loops" msgstr "Matrizes (_Arrays_) e _Loops_ (Laços) `for`" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:3 msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:" msgstr "Vimos que uma matriz pode ser declarada assim:" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:5 msgid "" "```rust\n" "let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust\n" "let matriz = [10, 20, 30];\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:9 msgid "" "You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with `{:?}" "`:" msgstr "" "Você pode imprimir tal matriz solicitando sua representação de depuração com " "`{:?}`:" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:11 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" " println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let matriz = [10, 20, 30];\n" " println!(\"matriz: {matriz:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:18 msgid "" "Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for` " "keyword:" msgstr "" "Rust permite iterar em coisas como matrizes e _ranges_ (faixas ou " "intervalos) usando a palavra-chave `for`:" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:21 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" " print!(\"Iterating over array:\");\n" " for n in &array {\n" " print!(\" {n}\");\n" " }\n" " println!();\n" "\n" " print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n" " for i in 0..3 {\n" " print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n" " }\n" " println!();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let matriz = [10, 20, 30];\n" " print!(\"Iterando sobre a matriz:\");\n" " for n in &matriz {\n" " print!(\" {n}\");\n" " }\n" " println!();\n" "\n" " print!(\"Iterando sobre um range:\");\n" " for i in 0..3 {\n" " print!(\" {}\", matriz[i]);\n" " }\n" " println!();\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:38 msgid "" "Use the above to write a function `pretty_print` which pretty-print a matrix " "and a function `transpose` which will transpose a matrix (turn rows into " "columns):" msgstr "" "Use o exercício acima para escrever uma função `pretty_print` que imprime " "uma matriz e uma função `transpose` que irá transpor uma matriz (transformar " "linhas em colunas):" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:41 msgid "" "```bob\n" " ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n" "\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n" " ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:47 msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices." msgstr "Limite ambas as funções a operar em matrizes 3 × 3." #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:49 msgid "" "Copy the code below to and implement the " "functions:" msgstr "" "Copie o código abaixo para e implemente as " "funções:" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:52 msgid "" "```rust,should_panic\n" "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" "\n" "fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let matrix = [\n" " [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" " [201, 202, 203],\n" " [301, 302, 303],\n" " ];\n" "\n" " println!(\"matrix:\");\n" " pretty_print(&matrix);\n" "\n" " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" " println!(\"transposed:\");\n" " pretty_print(&transposed);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,should_panic\n" "// TODO: remova isto quando você terminar sua implementação .\n" "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" "\n" "fn transpose(matriz: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn pretty_print(matriz: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let matriz = [\n" " [101, 102, 103], // <-- o comentário faz com que o rustfmt adicione " "uma nova linha\n" " [201, 202, 203],\n" " [301, 302, 303],\n" " ];\n" "\n" " println!(\"matriz:\");\n" " pretty_print(&matriz);\n" "\n" " let transposed = transpose(matriz);\n" " println!(\"transposta:\");\n" " pretty_print(&transposed);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:80 msgid "Bonus Question" msgstr "Pergunta Bônus" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:82 msgid "" "Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for your " "argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-dimensional " "slice-of-slices. Why or why not?" msgstr "" "Você poderia usar slices `&[i32]` em vez de matrizes 3 × 3 fixas no código " "para o seu argumento e tipos de retorno? Algo como `&[&[i32]]` para um slice-" "de-slices bidimensional. Por que sim ou por que não?" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:87 msgid "" "See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production quality " "implementation." msgstr "" "Veja o crate [`ndarray`](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) para uma implementação " "de produção." #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:92 msgid "" "The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the " "[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section." msgstr "" "A solução e a resposta para a seção de bônus estão disponíveis na Seção " "[Soluções](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)." #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:95 msgid "" "The use of the reference `&array` within `for n in &array` is a subtle " "preview of issues of ownership that will come later in the afternoon." msgstr "" "O uso da referência `&matriz` em `for n in &matriz` é uma prévia sutil das " "questões de propriedade que surgirão à tarde." #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:98 msgid "Without the `&`..." msgstr "Sem o `&`..." #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:99 msgid "" "The loop would have been one that consumes the array. This is a change " "[introduced in the 2021 Edition](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/" "rust-2021/IntoIterator-for-arrays.html)." msgstr "" "O loop teria sido o que consome a matriz. Esta é uma mudança [introduzida na " "Edição de 2021](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/rust-2021/" "IntoIterator-for-arrays.html)." #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:102 msgid "" "An implicit array copy would have occured. Since `i32` is a copy type, then " "`[i32; 3]` is also a copy type." msgstr "" "Uma cópia implícita da matriz teria ocorrido. Como `i32` é um tipo de cópia " "(*copy type*), então `[i32; 3]` também é um tipo de cópia." #: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:3 msgid "" "Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are immutable " "by default:" msgstr "" "Rust fornece segurança de tipo por meio de tipagem estática. Variáveis são " "imutáveis por padrão:" #: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x: i32 = 10;\n" " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" " // x = 20;\n" " // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:17 msgid "" "Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the " "types less and less as the course progresses." msgstr "" "Devido à inferência de tipos, o `i32` é opcional. Gradualmente mostraremos " "os tipos cada vez menos à medida que o curso progride." #: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:3 msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:" msgstr "Rust verá como a variável é _usada_ para determinar o tipo:" #: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n" " println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n" " println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x = 10;\n" " let y = 20;\n" "\n" " takes_u32(x);\n" " takes_i8(y);\n" " // takes_u32(y);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn recebe_u32(x: u32) {\n" " println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn recebe_i8(y: i8) {\n" " println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x = 10;\n" " let y = 20;\n" "\n" " recebe_u32(x);\n" " recebe_i8(y);\n" " // recebe_u32(y);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:26 msgid "" "This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on " "constraints given by variable declarations and usages." msgstr "" "Este slide demonstra como o compilador Rust infere tipos com base em " "restrições dadas por declarações e usos de variáveis." #: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:28 msgid "" "It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not " "of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can hold any data. The machine " "code generated by such declaration is identical to the explicit declaration " "of a type. The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise " "code." msgstr "" "É muito importante enfatizar que variáveis declaradas assim não são de um " "tipo dinâmico \"qualquer tipo\" que possa armazenar quaisquer dados. O " "código de máquina gerado por tal declaração é idêntico à declaração " "explícita de um tipo. O compilador faz o trabalho para nós e nos ajuda a " "escrever um código mais conciso." #: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:32 msgid "" "The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic " "container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, " "using `_` as a placeholder:" msgstr "" "O código a seguir informa ao compilador para copiar para um determinado " "contêiner genérico sem que o código especifique explicitamente o tipo " "contido, usando `_` como _placeholder_:" #: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:34 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut v = Vec::new();\n" " v.push((10, false));\n" " v.push((20, true));\n" " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" "\n" " let vv = v.iter().collect::>();\n" " println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut v = Vec::new();\n" " v.push((10, false));\n" " v.push((20, true));\n" " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" "\n" " let vv = v.iter().collect::>();\n" " println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:46 msgid "" "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator." "html#method.collect) relies on [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), which [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang." "org/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-" "HashSet%3CT,+S%3E) implements." msgstr "" "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator." "html#method.collect) depende de [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), que [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-HashSet%3CT," "+S%3E) implementa." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:1 msgid "Static and Constant Variables" msgstr "Variáveis Estáticas e Constantes" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:3 msgid "" "Static and constant variables are two different ways to create globally-" "scoped values that cannot be moved or reallocated during the execution of " "the program. " msgstr "" "Variáveis estáticas e constantes são duas maneiras diferentes de criar " "valores com escopo global que não podem ser movidos ou realocados durante a " "execução do programa. " #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:6 msgid "`const`" msgstr "`const`" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:8 msgid "" "Constant variables are evaluated at compile time and their values are " "inlined wherever they are used:" msgstr "" "Constantes são avaliadas em tempo de compilação e seus valores são " "incorporados onde quer que sejam usados:" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:11 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = 3;\n" "const ZERO: Option = Some(42);\n" "\n" "fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> [u8; DIGEST_SIZE] {\n" " let mut digest = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE];\n" " for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n" " digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE] = digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE]." "wrapping_add(b);\n" " }\n" " digest\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\");\n" " println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "const TAMANHO_RESUMO: usize = 3;\n" "const ZERO: Option = Some(42);\n" "\n" "fn computar_resumo(texto: &str) -> [u8; TAMANHO_RESUMO] {\n" " let mut resumo = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); TAMANHO_RESUMO];\n" " for (idx, &b) in texto.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n" " resumo[idx % TAMANHO_RESUMO] = resumo[idx % TAMANHO_RESUMO]." "wrapping_add(b);\n" " }\n" " resumo\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let resumo = computar_resumo(\"Olá\");\n" " println!(\"Resumo: {resumo:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:29 msgid "" "According to the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" "vs-static.html) these are inlined upon use." msgstr "" "De acordo com o [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" "vs-static.html), eles são expandidos no próprio local (_inline_) quando " "utilizados." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:31 msgid "" "Only functions marked `const` can be called at compile time to generate " "`const` values. `const` functions can however be called at runtime." msgstr "" "Somente funções marcadas como `const` podem ser chamadas em tempo de " "compilação para gerar valores `const`. As funções `const` podem, entretanto, " "ser chamadas em tempo de execução." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:33 msgid "`static`" msgstr "`static`" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:35 msgid "" "Static variables will live during the whole execution of the program, and " "therefore will not move:" msgstr "" "Variáveis estáticas permanecerão válidas durante toda a execução do programa " "e, portanto, não serão movidas:" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:37 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "static BANNER: &str = \"Bem-vindo ao RustOS 3.14\";\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:45 msgid "" "As noted in the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" "vs-static.html), these are not inlined upon use and have an actual " "associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, " "and the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution. When a " "globally-scoped value does not have a reason to need object identity, " "`const` is generally preferred." msgstr "" "Conforme observado no [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-" "const-vs-static.html), eles não são expandidos no local (_inlined_) quando " "utilizados e possuem um local de memória real associado. Isso é útil para " "código inseguro (_unsafe_) e embarcado, e a variável é válida durante toda a " "execução do programa. Quando um valor de escopo global não tem uma razão " "para precisar de identidade de objeto, geralmente `const` é preferido." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:49 msgid "" "Because `static` variables are accessible from any thread, they must be " "`Sync`. Interior mutability is possible through a [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-" "lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atomic or similar. It is also possible " "to have mutable statics, but they require manual synchronisation so any " "access to them requires `unsafe` code. We will look at [mutable statics](../" "unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md) in the chapter on Unsafe Rust." msgstr "" "Como variáveis estáticas (`static`) são acessíveis de qualquer _thread_, " "elas precisam ser `Sync`. A mutabilidade interior é possível através de um " "[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atômico ou " "similar. Também é possível ter variáveis estáticas mutáveis, mas elas exigem " "sincronização manual de forma que qualquer acesso a elas requer código " "“inseguro”. Veremos [variáveis estáticas mutáveis](../unsafe/mutable-static-" "variables.md) no capítulo sobre _Unsafe Rust_." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:57 msgid "Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`." msgstr "" "Mencione que `const` se comporta semanticamente de maneira similar ao " "`constexpr` de C++." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:58 msgid "" "`static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable " "global variable in C++." msgstr "" "Por outro lado, `static` é muito mais similar a um `const` ou variável " "global mutável em C++." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:59 msgid "" "`static` provides object identity: an address in memory and state as " "required by types with interior mutability such as `Mutex`." msgstr "" "`static` fornece identidade de objeto: um endereço na memória e estado " "conforme exigido por tipos com mutabilidade interior tais como `Mutex`." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:60 msgid "" "It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but " "it is helpful and safer than using a static." msgstr "" "Não é muito comum que alguém precise de uma constante avaliada em tempo de " "execução, mas é útil e mais seguro do que usar uma variável estática." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:61 msgid "`thread_local` data can be created with the macro `std::thread_local`." msgstr "" "Dados de `thread_local` podem ser criados com a macro `std::thread_local`." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:63 msgid "Properties table:" msgstr "Tabela de propriedades:" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 msgid "Property" msgstr "Propriedade" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 msgid "Static" msgstr "Static" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 msgid "Constant" msgstr "Constant" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 msgid "Has an address in memory" msgstr "Possui um endereço na memória" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 msgid "Yes" msgstr "Sim" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 msgid "No (inlined)" msgstr "Não (_inlined_, i.e., expandida no local)" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 msgid "Lives for the entire duration of the program" msgstr "É válida durante toda a execução do programa" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 msgid "No" msgstr "Não" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 msgid "Can be mutable" msgstr "Pode ser mutável" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 msgid "Yes (unsafe)" msgstr "Sim (inseguro)" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 msgid "Evaluated at compile time" msgstr "Avaliada em tempo de compilação" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 msgid "Yes (initialised at compile time)" msgstr "Sim (inicializada em tempo de compilação)" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 msgid "Inlined wherever it is used" msgstr "_Inlined_ (expandida no local) onde quer que seja utilizada" #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:3 msgid "" "You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from " "the same scope:" msgstr "" "Você pode sobrepor (_shadow_) variáveis, tanto aquelas de escopos externos " "quanto variáveis do mesmo escopo:" #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let a = 10;\n" " println!(\"before: {a}\");\n" "\n" " {\n" " let a = \"hello\";\n" " println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");\n" "\n" " let a = true;\n" " println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n" " }\n" "\n" " println!(\"after: {a}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let a = 10;\n" " println!(\"antes: {a}\");\n" "\n" " {\n" " let a = \"olá\";\n" " println!(\"escopo interno: {a}\");\n" "\n" " let a = true;\n" " println!(\"sobreposto no escopo interno: {a}\");\n" " }\n" "\n" " println!(\"depois: {a}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:25 msgid "" "Definition: Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing " "both variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available " "under the same name, depending where you use it in the code. " msgstr "" "Definição: _Shadowing_ é diferente da mutação, porque após a sobreposição " "(_shadowing_), os locais de memória de ambas as variáveis existem ao mesmo " "tempo. Ambas estão disponíveis com o mesmo nome, dependendo de onde você as " "usa no código. " #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:26 msgid "A shadowing variable can have a different type. " msgstr "Uma variável sobreposta pode ter um tipo diferente. " #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:27 msgid "" "Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values " "after `.unwrap()`." msgstr "" "A sobreposição parece obscura a princípio, mas é conveniente para manter os " "valores após `.unwrap()`." #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:28 msgid "" "The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse memory " "locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if the type " "does not change." msgstr "" "O código a seguir demonstra por que o compilador não pode simplesmente " "reutilizar locais de memória ao sobrepor uma variável imutável em um escopo, " "mesmo que o tipo não seja alterado." #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:30 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let a = 1;\n" " let b = &a;\n" " let a = a + 1;\n" " println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let a = 1;\n" " let b = &a;\n" " let a = a + 1;\n" " println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/memory-management.md:3 msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:" msgstr "Tradicionalmente, as linguagens se dividem em duas grandes categorias:" #: src/memory-management.md:5 msgid "Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ..." msgstr "" "Controle total através do gerenciamento manual de memória: C, C++, " "Pascal, ..." #: src/memory-management.md:6 msgid "" "Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, " "Haskell, ..." msgstr "" "Segurança total através do gerenciamento automático de memória em tempo de " "execução: Java, Python, Go, Haskell, ..." #: src/memory-management.md:8 msgid "Rust offers a new mix:" msgstr "Rust oferece uma nova combinação:" #: src/memory-management.md:10 msgid "" "Full control _and_ safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory " "management." msgstr "" "Controle total **_e_** segurança por imposição do correto gerenciamento de " "memória em tempo de compilação." #: src/memory-management.md:13 msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept." msgstr "Ele faz isso com um conceito de _ownership_ (posse) explícito." #: src/memory-management.md:15 msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works." msgstr "Primeiro, vamos rever como funciona o gerenciamento de memória." #: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:1 msgid "The Stack vs The Heap" msgstr "A Pilha (_Stack_) vs O _Heap_" #: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:3 msgid "Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables." msgstr "Pilha: Área contínua de memória para variáveis locais." #: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:4 msgid "Values have fixed sizes known at compile time." msgstr "Os valores têm tamanhos fixos conhecidos em tempo de compilação." #: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:5 msgid "Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer." msgstr "Extremamente rápida: basta mover um ponteiro de pilha." #: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:6 msgid "Easy to manage: follows function calls." msgstr "Fácil de gerenciar: segue chamadas de função." #: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:7 msgid "Great memory locality." msgstr "Ótima localidade de memória." #: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:9 msgid "Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls." msgstr "Heap: Armazenamento de valores fora das chamadas de função." #: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:10 msgid "Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime." msgstr "Valores possuem tamanhos dinâmicos determinados em tempo de execução." #: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:11 msgid "Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed." msgstr "" "Ligeiramente mais devagar que a pilha: é necessário um pouco de " "gerenciamento." #: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:12 msgid "No guarantee of memory locality." msgstr "Sem garantias de localidade de memória." #: src/memory-management/stack.md:1 msgid "Stack and Heap Example" msgstr "Exemplo de Pilha e _Heap_" #: src/memory-management/stack.md:3 msgid "" "Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized metadata on the stack and dynamically " "sized data, the actual string, on the heap:" msgstr "" "A criação de uma `String` coloca metadados de tamanho fixo na pilha e dados " "dinamicamente dimensionados - a string propriamente dita - no _heap_:" #: src/memory-management/stack.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/memory-management/stack.md:12 msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": s1 : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n" ": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" msgstr "" "```bob\n" " Pilha Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": : : :\n" ": +------------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | ptr | o---+----+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n" ": | tamanho | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | capacidade | 5 | : : :\n" ": +------------+-------+ : : :\n" ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" #: src/memory-management/stack.md:28 msgid "" "Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and " "length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap." msgstr "" "Mencione que uma `String` é suportada por um `Vec`, portanto ela tem um " "tamanho e capacidade e pode crescer se for mutável por meio de realocação no " "heap." #: src/memory-management/stack.md:30 msgid "" "If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap " "allocated using the [System Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/" "struct.System.html) and custom allocators can be implemented using the " "[Allocator API](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)" msgstr "" "Se os alunos perguntarem sobre isso, você pode mencionar que a memória " "subjacente é alocada no heap usando o _[System Allocator](https://doc.rust-" "lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System.html)_ e os alocadores personalizados podem " "ser implementados usando a _[API Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "alloc/index.html)_." #: src/memory-management/stack.md:32 msgid "" "We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should " "point out that this is rightfully unsafe!" msgstr "" "Podemos inspecionar o layout da memória com código inseguro (`unsafe`). No " "entanto, você deve apontar que isso é legitimamente inseguro!" #: src/memory-management/stack.md:34 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" " s1.push(' ');\n" " s1.push_str(\"world\");\n" " // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n" " // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead " "to\n" " // undefined behavior.\n" " unsafe {\n" " let (ptr, capacity, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::" "transmute(s1);\n" " println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut s1 = String::from(\"Olá\");\n" " s1.push(' ');\n" " s1.push_str(\"mundo\");\n" " // NÃO FAÇA ISSO EM CASA! Somente com propósito educacional.\n" " // String não fornece nenhuma garantia sobre o seu layout, então isso " "pode causar\n" " // um comportamento indefinido.\n" " unsafe {\n" " let (ptr, capacity, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::" "transmute(s1);\n" " println!(\"Ponteiro = {ptr:#x}, tamanho = {len}, capacidade = " "{capacity}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/memory-management/manual.md:3 msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself." msgstr "Você mesmo aloca e desaloca memória no heap." #: src/memory-management/manual.md:5 msgid "" "If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security " "vulnerabilities, and memory leaks." msgstr "" "Se isto não for feito com cuidado, travamentos, bugs, vulnerabilidades de " "segurança e vazamentos de memória podem ocorrer." #: src/memory-management/manual.md:7 msgid "C Example" msgstr "Exemplo em C" #: src/memory-management/manual.md:9 msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:" msgstr "Você deve chamar `free` em cada ponteiro que alocar com `malloc`:" #: src/memory-management/manual.md:11 msgid "" "```c\n" "void foo(size_t n) {\n" " int* int_array = malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n" " //\n" " // ... lots of code\n" " //\n" " free(int_array);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```c\n" "void foo(size_t n) {\n" " int* int_matriz = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n" " //\n" " // ... várias linhas de código\n" " //\n" " free(int_matriz);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/memory-management/manual.md:21 msgid "" "Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and `free`: " "the pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory. Worse, freeing the " "pointer twice, or accessing a freed pointer can lead to exploitable security " "vulnerabilities." msgstr "" "Memória é vazada se a função retornar mais cedo entre `malloc` e `free`: o " "ponteiro é perdido e não podemos liberar a memória. Pior ainda, liberando o " "ponteiro duas vezes, ou acessando um ponteiro já liberado pode levar a " "vulnerabilidades de segurança." #: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:3 msgid "" "Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object." msgstr "" "Construtores e destrutores permitem que o tempo de vida de um objeto seja " "rastreado." #: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:5 msgid "" "By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object is " "destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an exception " "is raised." msgstr "" "Ao envolver um ponteiro em um objeto, você pode liberar memória quando o " "objeto é destruído. O compilador garante que isso aconteça, mesmo que uma " "exceção seja lançada." #: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:9 msgid "" "This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and " "gives you smart pointers." msgstr "" "Isso geralmente é chamado de _aquisição de recursos é inicialização_ " "(_Resource Acquisition Is Initialization_, RAII) e fornece ponteiros " "inteligentes (_smart pointers_)." #: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:12 msgid "C++ Example" msgstr "Exemplo em C++" #: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:14 msgid "" "```c++\n" "void say_hello(std::unique_ptr person) {\n" " std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```c++\n" "void diga_ola(std::unique_ptr pessoa) {\n" " std::cout << \"Olá \" << pessoa->nome << std::endl;\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:20 msgid "" "The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to memory " "allocated on the heap." msgstr "" "O objeto `std::unique_ptr` é alocado na pilha e aponta para memória alocada " "no heap." #: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:22 msgid "At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run." msgstr "No final de `diga_ola`, o destrutor `std::unique_ptr` será executado." #: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:23 msgid "The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to." msgstr "O destrutor libera o objeto `Pessoa` para o qual ele aponta." #: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:25 msgid "" "Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:" msgstr "" "Construtores especiais de movimento (_move_) são usados ao passar o " "_\"ownership\"_ para uma função:" #: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:27 msgid "" "```c++\n" "std::unique_ptr person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n" "say_hello(std::move(person));\n" "```" msgstr "" "```c++\n" "std::unique_ptr pessoa = encontrar_pessoa(\"Carla\");\n" "diga_ola(std::move(pessoa));\n" "```" #: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:1 msgid "Automatic Memory Management" msgstr "Gerenciamento Automático de Memória" #: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:3 msgid "" "An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic " "memory management:" msgstr "" "Uma alternativa ao gerenciamento de memória manual e baseado em escopo é o " "gerenciamento automático de memória:" #: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:6 msgid "The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly." msgstr "O programador nunca aloca ou desaloca memória explicitamente." #: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:7 msgid "" "A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the " "programmer." msgstr "" "Um \"coletor de lixo\" (_garbage collector_) encontra memória não utilizada " "e a desaloca para o programador." #: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:9 msgid "Java Example" msgstr "Exemplo em Java" #: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:11 msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:" msgstr "O objeto `pessoa` não é desalocado depois que `digaOla` retorna:" #: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:13 msgid "" "```java\n" "void sayHello(Person person) {\n" " System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```java\n" "void digaOla(Pessoa pessoa) {\n" " System.out.println(\"Olá \" + pessoa.obterNome());\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/memory-management/rust.md:1 msgid "Memory Management in Rust" msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória no Rust" #: src/memory-management/rust.md:3 msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:" msgstr "O gerenciamento de memória no Rust é uma combinação:" #: src/memory-management/rust.md:5 msgid "Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector." msgstr "Seguro e correto como Java, mas sem um coletor de lixo." #: src/memory-management/rust.md:6 msgid "" "Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you choose, " "can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically reference " "counted." msgstr "" "Dependendo de qual abstração (ou combinação de abstrações) você escolher, " "pode ser um simples ponteiro único, referência contada ou referência " "atomicamente contada." #: src/memory-management/rust.md:7 msgid "Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence." msgstr "Baseado em escopo como C++, mas o compilador impõe adesão total." #: src/memory-management/rust.md:8 msgid "" "A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even " "have no cost at runtime like C." msgstr "" "Um usuário do Rust pode escolher a abstração certa para a situação, algumas " "até sem custo em tempo de execução como C." #: src/memory-management/rust.md:10 msgid "Rust achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly." msgstr "O Rust consegue isso modelando o _ownership_ (posse) explicitamente." #: src/memory-management/rust.md:14 msgid "" "If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually " "handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." "html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html), or [Arc]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). These encapsulate " "ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the potential " "errors in C." msgstr "" "Neste ponto, se perguntado como, você pode mencionar que em Rust isso " "geralmente é tratado por _wrappers_ (invólucros) RAII tais como [Box]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "rc/struct.Rc.html) ou [Arc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc." "html). Eles encapsulam a propriedade (ownership) e a alocação de memória por " "vários meios e previnem os erros possíveis em C." #: src/memory-management/rust.md:16 msgid "" "You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop](https://doc.rust-lang." "org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) trait is the Rust equivalent." msgstr "" "Aqui você pode ser perguntado sobre destrutores, o _trait_ [Drop](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) é o equivalente em Rust." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:3 msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques." msgstr "" "Aqui está uma comparação aproximada das técnicas de gerenciamento de memória." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:5 msgid "Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques" msgstr "Vantagens de Diferentes Técnicas de Gerenciamento de Memória" #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:7 src/memory-management/comparison.md:22 msgid "Manual like C:" msgstr "Manual como C:" #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:8 src/memory-management/comparison.md:14 #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:17 msgid "No runtime overhead." msgstr "Nenhuma sobrecarga em tempo de execução." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:9 src/memory-management/comparison.md:26 msgid "Automatic like Java:" msgstr "Automático como Java:" #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:10 msgid "Fully automatic." msgstr "Totalmente automatizado." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:11 #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:18 msgid "Safe and correct." msgstr "Seguro e correto." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:12 #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:29 msgid "Scope-based like C++:" msgstr "Baseado em escopo como C++:" #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:13 msgid "Partially automatic." msgstr "Parcialmente automático." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:15 msgid "Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:" msgstr "Baseado em escopo imposto pelo compilador como Rust:" #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:16 msgid "Enforced by compiler." msgstr "Imposto pelo compilador." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:20 msgid "Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques" msgstr "Desvantagens de Diferentes Técnicas de Gerenciamento de Memória" #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:23 msgid "Use-after-free." msgstr "Uso após a liberação (_use-after-free_)." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:24 msgid "Double-frees." msgstr "Liberações duplas (_double-frees_)." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:25 msgid "Memory leaks." msgstr "Vazamentos de memória." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:27 msgid "Garbage collection pauses." msgstr "Pausas para coleta de lixo." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:28 msgid "Destructor delays." msgstr "Atrasos na execução de destrutores." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:30 msgid "Complex, opt-in by programmer (on C++)." msgstr "Complexo, o programador deve optar em utilizá-las." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:31 msgid "Circular references can lead to memory leaks" msgstr "Referências circulares podem causar vazamentos de memória" #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:32 msgid "Potential runtime overhead" msgstr "Potencial impacto negativo em desempenho em tempo de execução" #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:33 msgid "Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:" msgstr "Imposto pelo compilador e baseado em escopo como Rust:" #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:34 msgid "Some upfront complexity." msgstr "Alguma complexidade inicial." #: src/memory-management/comparison.md:35 msgid "Can reject valid programs." msgstr "Pode rejeitar programas válidos." #: src/ownership.md:3 msgid "" "All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error " "to use a variable outside its scope:" msgstr "" "Todas as associações de variáveis têm um _escopo_ onde são válidas e é um " "erro usar uma variável fora de seu escopo:" #: src/ownership.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "struct Point(i32, i32);\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " {\n" " let p = Point(3, 4);\n" " println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n" " }\n" " println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn main() {\n" " {\n" " let p = Ponto(3, 4);\n" " println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n" " }\n" " println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/ownership.md:18 msgid "" "At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed." msgstr "" "No final do escopo, a variável é eliminada (_\"dropada\"_) e os dados são " "liberados." #: src/ownership.md:19 msgid "A destructor can run here to free up resources." msgstr "Um destrutor pode ser executado aqui para liberar recursos." #: src/ownership.md:20 msgid "We say that the variable _owns_ the value." msgstr "Dizemos que a variável _possui_ (_owns_) o valor." #: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:3 msgid "An assignment will transfer _ownership_ between variables:" msgstr "Uma atribuição transferirá o _ownership_ entre variáveis:" #: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n" " let s2: String = s1;\n" " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" " // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let s1: String = String::from(\"Olá!\");\n" " let s2: String = s1;\n" " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" " // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:14 msgid "The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership." msgstr "A atribuição de `s1` a `s2` transfere o _ownership_." #: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:15 msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it does not own anything." msgstr "Quando `s1` sai do escopo, nada acontece: ele não tem _ownership_." #: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:16 msgid "When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed." msgstr "Quando `s2` sai do escopo, os dados da string são liberados." #: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:17 msgid "There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value." msgstr "" "Há sempre _exatamente_ uma associação de variável que possui (\"_owns_\") um " "valor." #: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:21 msgid "" "Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by " "value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!)." msgstr "" "Mencione que isso é o oposto dos _defaults_ (padrões) em C++, que copia por " "valor, a menos que você use `std::move` (e seu construtor esteja definido!)." #: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:23 msgid "" "It is only the ownership that moves. Whether any machine code is generated " "to manipulate the data itself is a matter of optimization, and such copies " "are aggressively optimized away." msgstr "" "Apenas o _ownership_ é movido. A geração de código de máquina para manipular " "os dados é uma questão de otimização, e essas cópias são agressivamente " "otimizadas." #: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:25 msgid "" "Simple values (such as integers) can be marked `Copy` (see later slides)." msgstr "" "Valores simples (tais como inteiros) podem ser marcados como `Copy` (cópia) " "(veja slides mais adiante)." #: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:27 msgid "In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)." msgstr "No Rust, clones são explícitos (utilizando-se `clone`)." #: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:3 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n" " let s2: String = s1;\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:10 msgid "The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`." msgstr "Os dados no heap de `s1` são reutilizados para `s2`." #: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:11 msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)." msgstr "Quando `s1` sai do escopo, nada acontece (foi movido dele)." #: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:13 msgid "Before move to `s2`:" msgstr "Antes de mover para `s2`:" #: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:15 msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": s1 : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" ": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" ": :\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" msgstr "" "```bob\n" " Pilha Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": s1 : : :\n" ": +------------+------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | ponteiro | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" ": | tamanho | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | capacidade | 4 | : : :\n" ": +------------+------+ : : :\n" ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" ": :\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" #: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:30 msgid "After move to `s2`:" msgstr "Depois de mover para `s2`:" #: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:32 msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" ": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n" ": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" ": s2 : |\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : |\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n" ": | len | 4 | :\n" ": | capacity | 4 | :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ :\n" ": :\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" msgstr "" "```bob\n" " Pilha Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": s1 \"(inacessível)\" : : :\n" ": +------------+------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | ponteiro | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" ": | tamanho | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" ": | capacidade | 4 | : | : :\n" ": +------------+------+ : | : :\n" ": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" ": s2 : |\n" ": +------------+------+ : |\n" ": | ponteiro | o---+---+--'\n" ": | tamanho | 4 | :\n" ": | capacidade | 4 | :\n" ": +------------+------+ :\n" ": :\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" #: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:1 msgid "Extra Work in Modern C++" msgstr "Trabalho Extra em C++ Moderno" #: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:3 msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:" msgstr "O C++ moderno resolve isso de maneira diferente:" #: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:5 msgid "" "```c++\n" "std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n" "std::string s2 = s1; // Duplicate the data in s1.\n" "```" msgstr "" "```c++\n" "std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n" "std::string s2 = s1; // Duplica os dados em s1.\n" "```" #: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:10 msgid "" "The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy." msgstr "" "Os dados de `s1` no heap são duplicados e `s2` obtém sua própria cópia " "independente." #: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:11 msgid "When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory." msgstr "Quando `s1` e `s2` saem de escopo, cada um libera sua própria memória." #: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:13 msgid "Before copy-assignment:" msgstr "Antes da atribuição por cópia:" #: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:16 msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": s1 : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" msgstr "" "```bob\n" " Pilha Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": s1 : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" ": | tam | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" ": | capac | 3 | : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" #: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:30 msgid "After copy-assignment:" msgstr "Após atribuição por cópia:" #: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:32 msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": s1 : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" ": : : :\n" ": s2 : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n" ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" msgstr "" "```bob\n" " Pilha Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": s1 : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" ": | tam | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" ": | capac | 3 | : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" ": : : :\n" ": s2 : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n" ": | tam | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" ": | capac | 3 | : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" "```" #: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:3 msgid "" "When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function " "parameter. This transfers ownership:" msgstr "" "Quando você passa um valor para uma função, o valor é atribuído ao parâmetro " "da função. Isso transfere a _ownership_:" #: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn say_hello(name: String) {\n" " println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n" " say_hello(name);\n" " // say_hello(name);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn diga_ola(nome: String) {\n" " println!(\"Olá {nome}\")\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let nome = String::from(\"Alice\");\n" " diga_ola(nome);\n" " // diga_ola(nome);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:20 msgid "" "With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. " "Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`." msgstr "" "Com a primeira chamada para `diga_ola`, `main` desiste da ownership de " "`nome`. Depois disso, `nome` não pode mais ser usado dentro de `main`." #: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:21 msgid "" "The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the " "`say_hello` function." msgstr "" "A memória do heap alocada para `nome` será liberada no final da função " "`diga_ola`." #: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:22 msgid "" "`main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and " "if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter." msgstr "" "`main` pode manter a ownership se passar `nome` como uma referência " "(`&nome`) e se `diga_ola` aceitar uma referência como um parâmetro." #: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:23 msgid "" "Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name." "clone()`)." msgstr "" "Alternativamente, `main` pode passar um clone de `nome` na primeira chamada " "(`nome.clone()`)." #: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:24 msgid "" "Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move " "semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit." msgstr "" "Rust torna mais difícil a criação de cópias inadvertidamente do que o C++, " "tornando padrão a semântica de movimento e forçando os programadores a " "tornar os clones explícitos." #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:3 msgid "" "While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:" msgstr "" "Embora a semântica de movimento seja o padrão, certos tipos são copiados por " "padrão:" #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x = 42;\n" " let y = x;\n" " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" " println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x = 42;\n" " let y = x;\n" " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" " println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:14 msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait." msgstr "Esses tipos implementam o _trait_ `Copy`." #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:16 msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:" msgstr "" "Você pode habilitar seus próprios tipos para usar a semântica de cópia:" #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:18 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n" "struct Point(i32, i32);\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" " let p2 = p1;\n" " println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n" " println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n" "struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1 = Ponto(3, 4);\n" " let p2 = p1;\n" " println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n" " println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:30 msgid "After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data." msgstr "Após a atribuição, tanto `p1` quanto `p2` possuem seus próprios dados." #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:31 msgid "We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data." msgstr "Também podemos usar `p1.clone()` para copiar os dados explicitamente." #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:35 msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:" msgstr "Copia e clonagem não são a mesma coisa:" #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:37 msgid "" "Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on " "arbitrary objects." msgstr "" "Cópia refere-se a cópias bit a bit de regiões de memória e não funciona em " "objetos arbitrários." #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:38 msgid "" "Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++)." msgstr "" "Cópia não permite lógica personalizada (ao contrário dos construtores de " "cópia em C++)." #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:39 msgid "" "Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by " "implementing the `Clone` trait." msgstr "" "Clonagem é uma operação mais geral e também permite um comportamento " "personalizado através da implementação do trait `Clone`." #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:40 msgid "Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait." msgstr "Cópia não funciona em tipos que implementam o trait `Drop`." #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:42 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:29 msgid "In the above example, try the following:" msgstr "No exemplo acima, tente o seguinte:" #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:44 msgid "" "Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` " "is not a `Copy` type." msgstr "" "Adicione um campo `String` ao `struct Ponto`. Ele não irá compilar porque " "`String` não é um tipo `Copy`." #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:45 msgid "" "Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the " "`println!` for `p1`." msgstr "" "Remova `Copy` do atributo `derive`. O erro do compilador agora está no " "`println!` para `p1`." #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:46 msgid "Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead." msgstr "Mostre que ele funciona se ao invés disso você clonar `p1`." #: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:48 msgid "" "If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a way " "to generate code in Rust at compile time. In this case the default " "implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated." msgstr "" "Se os alunos perguntarem sobre `derive`, basta dizer que isto é uma forma de " "gerar código em Rust em tempo de compilação. Nesse caso, as implementações " "padrão dos traits `Copy` e `Clone` são geradas." #: src/ownership/borrowing.md:3 msgid "" "Instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, you can let a " "function _borrow_ the value:" msgstr "" "Em vez de transferir a ownership ao chamar uma função, você pode permitir " "que uma função _empreste_ o valor:" #: src/ownership/borrowing.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Point(i32, i32);\n" "\n" "fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n" " Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" " let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n" " let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n" " println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" "\n" "fn somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto {\n" " Ponto(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1 = Ponto(3, 4);\n" " let p2 = Ponto(10, 20);\n" " let p3 = somar(&p1, &p2);\n" " println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/ownership/borrowing.md:22 msgid "The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point." msgstr "" "A função `somar` _pega emprestado_ (_borrows_) dois pontos e retorna um novo " "ponto." #: src/ownership/borrowing.md:23 msgid "The caller retains ownership of the inputs." msgstr "O chamador mantém a _ownership_ das entradas." #: src/ownership/borrowing.md:27 msgid "Notes on stack returns:" msgstr "Notas sobre os retornos da pilha:" #: src/ownership/borrowing.md:28 msgid "" "Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can " "eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses " "and run it on the [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) or look at the " "assembly in [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). In the \"DEBUG\" " "optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay the same " "when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:" msgstr "" "Demonstre que o retorno de `somar` é barato porque o compilador pode " "eliminar a operação de cópia. Modifique o código acima para imprimir " "endereços da pilha e execute-o no [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) " "ou veja o código _assembly_ em [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). No " "nível de otimização \"DEBUG\", os endereços devem mudar, enquanto eles " "permanecem os mesmos quando a configuração é alterada para \"RELEASE\":" #: src/ownership/borrowing.md:30 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Point(i32, i32);\n" "\n" "fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n" " let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n" " println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n" " p\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub fn main() {\n" " let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" " let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n" " let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n" " println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n" " println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" "\n" "fn somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto {\n" " Ponto(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" "}\n" "\n" " pub fn main() {\n" " let p1 = Ponto(3, 4);\n" " let p2 = Ponto(10, 20);\n" " let p3 = somar(&p1, &p2);\n" " println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n" " println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" " }\n" "```" #: src/ownership/borrowing.md:48 msgid "The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO)." msgstr "" "O compilador Rust pode fazer otimização de valor de retorno (_Return Value " "Operation_ - RVO)." #: src/ownership/borrowing.md:49 msgid "" "In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because " "constructors can have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at all. If " "RVO did not happen, Rust will always perform a simple and efficient `memcpy` " "copy." msgstr "" "Em C++, a elisão (omissão) de cópia deve ser definida na especificação da " "linguagem porque os construtores podem ter efeitos colaterais. Em Rust, isso " "não é um problema. Se o RVO não aconteceu, o Rust sempre executará uma cópia " "`memcpy` simples e eficiente." #: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:3 msgid "Rust puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values:" msgstr "O Rust coloca restrições nas formas como você pode emprestar valores:" #: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:5 msgid "You can have one or more `&T` values at any given time, _or_" msgstr "Você pode ter um ou mais valores `&T` a qualquer momento, _ou_" #: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:6 msgid "You can have exactly one `&mut T` value." msgstr "Você pode ter exatamente um valor `&mut T`." #: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:8 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut a: i32 = 10;\n" " let b: &i32 = &a;\n" "\n" " {\n" " let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n" " *c = 20;\n" " }\n" "\n" " println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" " println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut a: i32 = 10;\n" " let b: &i32 = &a;\n" "\n" " {\n" " let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n" " *c = 20;\n" " }\n" "\n" " println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" " println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:25 msgid "" "The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through " "`c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time." msgstr "" "O código acima não compila porque `a` é emprestado como mutável (através de " "`c`) e como imutável (através de `b`) ao mesmo tempo." #: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:26 msgid "" "Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` " "to make the code compile." msgstr "" "Mova a instrução `println!` para `b` antes do escopo que introduz `c` para " "fazer o código compilar." #: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:27 msgid "" "After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before " "the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow " "checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"." msgstr "" "Após essa alteração, o compilador percebe que `b` só é usado antes do novo " "empréstimo mutável de `a` através de `c`. Este é um recurso do verificador " "de empréstimo (_borrow checker_) chamado \"tempos de vida não lexicais\"." #: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:3 msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:" msgstr "Um valor emprestado tem um _tempo de vida_ (_lifetime_):" #: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:5 msgid "The lifetime can be implicit: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`." msgstr "" "O tempo de vida pode ser implícito: `somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto`." #: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:6 msgid "Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`." msgstr "" "Tempos de vida também podem ser explícitos: `&'a Ponto`, `&'documento str`." #: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:7 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:23 msgid "" "Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the " "lifetime `a`\"." msgstr "" "Leia `&'a Ponto` como \"um `Ponto` emprestado que é válido por pelo menos o " "tempo de vida `a`\"." #: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:9 msgid "" "Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime " "yourself." msgstr "" "Tempos de vida são sempre inferidos pelo compilador: você não pode atribuir " "um tempo de vida você mesmo." #: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:11 msgid "" "Lifetime annotations create constraints; the compiler verifies that there is " "a valid solution." msgstr "" "Anotações de tempo de vida criam restrições; o compilador verifica se há uma " "solução válida." #: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:13 msgid "" "Lifetimes for function arguments and return values must be fully specified, " "but Rust allows lifetimes to be elided in most cases with [a few simple " "rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)." msgstr "" "Tempos de vida para argumentos de função e valores de retorno precisam ser " "completamente especificados, mas o Rust permite que eles sejam omitidos na " "maioria das vezes com [algumas regras simples](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)." #: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:3 msgid "" "In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed " "value:" msgstr "" "Além de emprestar seus argumentos, uma função pode retornar um valor " "emprestado:" #: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Point(i32, i32);\n" "\n" "fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" " let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" " let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n" " println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" "\n" "fn mais_a_esquerda<'a>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'a Ponto {\n" " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1: Ponto = Ponto(10, 10);\n" " let p2: Ponto = Ponto(20, 20);\n" " let p3: &Ponto = mais_a_esquerda(&p1, &p2);\n" " println!(\"Ponto mais à esquerda: {:?}\", p3);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:21 msgid "`'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler." msgstr "`'a` é um parâmetro genérico, ele é inferido pelo compilador." #: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:22 msgid "Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name." msgstr "Os tempos de vida começam com `'` e `'a` é um name padrão típico." #: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:25 msgid "" "The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes." msgstr "" "A parte _pelo menos_ é importante quando os parâmetros estão em escopos " "diferentes." #: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:31 msgid "" "Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a new scope (`{ ... }`), " "resulting in the following code:" msgstr "" "Mova a declaração de `p2` e `p3` para um novo escopo (`{ ... }`), resultando " "no seguinte código:" #: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:32 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Point(i32, i32);\n" "\n" "fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" " let p3: &Point;\n" " {\n" " let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" " p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n" " }\n" " println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" "\n" "fn mais_a_esquerda<'a>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'a Ponto {\n" " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1: Ponto = Ponto(10, 10);\n" " let p3: &Ponto;\n" " {\n" " let p2: Ponto = Ponto(20, 20);\n" " p3 = mais_a_esquerda(&p1, &p2);\n" " }\n" " println!(\"ponto mais à esquerda: {:?}\", p3);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:50 msgid "Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`." msgstr "Note como isto não compila uma vez que `p3` vive mais que `p2`." #: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:52 msgid "" "Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn left_most<'a, " "'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will not compile " "because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` is unclear." msgstr "" "Reinicie o espaço de trabalho e altere a assinatura da função para `fn " "mais_a_esquerda<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'b Ponto`. Isso " "não será compilado porque a relação entre os tempos de vida `'a` e `'b` " "não é clara." #: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:53 msgid "Another way to explain it:" msgstr "Outra forma de explicar:" #: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:54 msgid "" "Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function " "returns another reference." msgstr "" "Duas referências a dois valores são emprestadas por uma função e a função " "retorna outra referência." #: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:56 msgid "" "It must have come from one of those two inputs (or from a global variable)." msgstr "" "Ela deve ter vindo de uma dessas duas entradas (ou de uma variável global)." #: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:57 msgid "" "Which one is it? The compiler needs to know, so at the call site the " "returned reference is not used for longer than a variable from where the " "reference came from." msgstr "" "De qual? O compilador precisa saber, de forma que no local da chamada a " "referência retornada não seja usada por mais tempo do que uma variável de " "onde veio a referência." #: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:3 msgid "" "If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:" msgstr "" "Se um tipo de dados armazena dados emprestados, ele deve ser anotado com um " "tempo de vida:" #: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n" "\n" "fn erase(text: String) {\n" " println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." "\");\n" " let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n" " let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n" " // erase(text);\n" " println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n" " println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Destaque<'doc>(&'doc str);\n" "\n" "fn apagar(texto: String) {\n" " println!(\"Até logo {texto}!\");\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let texto = String::from(\"A raposa marrom ágil pula sobre o cachorro " "preguiçoso.\");\n" " let raposa = Destaque(&texto[2..21]);\n" " let cachorro = Destaque(&texto[35..53]);\n" " // apagar(texto);\n" " println!(\"{raposa:?}\");\n" " println!(\"{cachorro:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:25 msgid "" "In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data " "underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of " "`Highlight` that uses that data." msgstr "" "No exemplo acima, a anotação em `Destaque` impõe que os dados subjacentes ao " "`&str` contido vivam pelo menos tanto quanto qualquer instância de " "`Destaque` que use esses dados." #: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:26 msgid "" "If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), " "the borrow checker throws an error." msgstr "" "Se `texto` for consumido antes do final do tempo de vida de `raposa` (ou " "`cachorro`), o verificador de empréstimo lançará um erro." #: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:27 msgid "" "Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This " "can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them " "somewhat harder to use." msgstr "" "Tipos com dados emprestados forçam os usuários a manter os dados originais. " "Isso pode ser útil para criar exibições leves, mas geralmente as tornam um " "pouco mais difíceis de usar." #: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:28 msgid "When possible, make data structures own their data directly." msgstr "" "Quando possível, faça com que as estruturas de dados possuam (_own_) seus " "dados diretamente." #: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:29 msgid "" "Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime " "annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe lifetime " "relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the lifetime " "of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases." msgstr "" "Algumas _structs_ com múltiplas referências internas podem ter mais de uma " "anotação de tempo de vida. Isso pode ser necessário se houver a necessidade " "de descrever-se relacionamentos de tempo de vida entre as próprias " "referências, além do tempo de vida da própria _struct_. Esses são casos de " "uso bastante avançados." #: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:1 msgid "Day 1: Afternoon Exercises" msgstr "Dia 1: Exercícios da Tarde" #: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:3 msgid "We will look at two things:" msgstr "Nós iremos ver duas coisas:" #: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:5 msgid "A small book library," msgstr "Uma pequena biblioteca literária," #: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:7 msgid "Iterators and ownership (hard)." msgstr "Iteradores e _ownership_ (difícil)." #: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:7 #: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:7 #: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:13 msgid "" "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-" "afternoon.md) provided." msgstr "" "Depois de ver os exercícios, você pode ver as [soluções](solutions-afternoon." "md) fornecidas." #: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:3 msgid "" "We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec` type tomorrow. For " "now, you just need to know part of its API:" msgstr "" "Nós iremos aprender muito mais sobre _structs_ e o tipo `Vec` amanhã. Por " "hora, você só precisa conhecer parte de sua API:" #: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" " vec.push(30);\n" " let midpoint = vec.len() / 2;\n" " println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[midpoint]);\n" " for item in &vec {\n" " println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut vetor = vec![10, 20];\n" " vetor.push(30);\n" " let ponto_central = vetor.len() / 2;\n" " println!(\"valor do meio: {}\", vetor[ponto_central]);\n" " for item in vetor.iter() {\n" " println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:18 msgid "" "Use this to model a library's book collection. Copy the code below to " " and update the types to make it compile:" msgstr "" "Use isto para modelar uma coleção de livros de uma biblioteca. Copie o " "código abaixo para e atualize os tipos para " "compilar:" #: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:21 msgid "" "```rust,should_panic\n" "struct Library {\n" " books: Vec,\n" "}\n" "\n" "struct Book {\n" " title: String,\n" " year: u16,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Book {\n" " // This is a constructor, used below.\n" " fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n" " Book {\n" " title: String::from(title),\n" " year,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n" "// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n" "//\n" "// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n" "// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n" "// - `self` for unique access by value.\n" "impl Library {\n" " fn new() -> Library {\n" " todo!(\"Initialize and return a `Library` value\")\n" " }\n" "\n" " //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" " // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n" " //}\n" "\n" " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" " // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n" " //}\n" "\n" " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" " // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n" " //}\n" "\n" " //fn print_books(self) {\n" " // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and " "year\")\n" " //}\n" "\n" " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" " // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n" " //}\n" "}\n" "\n" "// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n" "// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n" "// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n" "// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n" "fn main() {\n" " let library = Library::new();\n" "\n" " //println!(\"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", library." "is_empty());\n" " //\n" " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " "1865));\n" " //\n" " //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", " "library.is_empty());\n" " //\n" " //\n" " //library.print_books();\n" " //\n" " //match library.oldest_book() {\n" " // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n" " // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n" " //}\n" " //\n" " //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n" " //library.print_books();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,should_panic\n" "struct Biblioteca {\n" " livros: Vec,\n" "}\n" "\n" "struct Livro {\n" " titulo: String,\n" " ano: u16,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Livro {\n" " // Este é um construtor, utilizado abaixo.\n" " fn new(titulo: &str, ano: u16) -> Livro {\n" " Livro {\n" " titulo: String::from(titulo),\n" " ano,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// Implemente os métodos abaixo. Atualize o parâmetro `self` para\n" "// indicar o nível requerido de ownership sobre o objeto:\n" "//\n" "// - `&self` para acesso compartilhado de apenas leitura,\n" "// - `&mut self` para acesso mutável exclusivo,\n" "// - `self` para acesso exclusivo por valor.\n" "impl Biblioteca {\n" " fn new() -> Biblioteca {\n" " todo!(\"Inicialize e retorne um valor `Biblioteca`\")\n" " }\n" "\n" " //fn tamanho(self) -> usize {\n" " // todo!(\"Retorne o tamanho de `self.livros`\")\n" " //}\n" "\n" " //fn esta_vazia(self) -> bool {\n" " // todo!(\"Retorne `true` se `self.livros` for vazio\")\n" " //}\n" "\n" " //fn adicionar_livro(self, book: Livro) {\n" " // todo!(\"Adicione um novo livro em `self.livros`\")\n" " //}\n" "\n" " //fn imprimir_livros(self) {\n" " // todo!(\"Itere sobre `self.livros` e sobre o título e ano de cada " "livro\")\n" " //}\n" "\n" " //fn livro_mais_antigo(self) -> Option<&Livro> {\n" " // todo!(\"Retorne uma referência para o livro mais antigo (se " "houver)\")\n" " //}\n" "}\n" "\n" "// Isto demonstra o comportamento esperado. Descomente o código abaixo e\n" "// implemente os métodos que faltam. Você precisará atualizar as\n" "// assinaturas dos métodos, incluindo o parâmetro \"self\"! Você talvez\n" "// precise atualizar as atribuições de variável dentro de `main()`.\n" "fn main() {\n" " let biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n" "\n" " //println!(\"A biblioteca está vazia: biblioteca.esta_vazia() -> {}\", " "biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n" " //\n" " //biblioteca.adicionar_livro(Livro::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" " //biblioteca.adicionar_livro(Livro::new(\"Alice's Adventures in " "Wonderland\", 1865));\n" " //\n" " //println!(\"The biblioteca não está mais vazia: biblioteca.esta_vazia() " "-> {}\", biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n" " //\n" " //\n" " //biblioteca.imprimir_livros();\n" " //\n" " //match biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo() {\n" " // Some(livro) => println!(\"O livro mais antigo é {}\", livro." "titulo),\n" " // None => println!(\"A biblioteca está vazia!\"),\n" " //}\n" " //\n" " //println!(\"The biblioteca tem {} livros\", biblioteca.tamanho());\n" " //biblioteca.imprimir_livros();\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:102 msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)" msgstr "[Soluções](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:3 msgid "" "The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the " "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and " "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) " "traits." msgstr "" "O modelo de _ownership_ do Rust afeta muitas APIs. Um exemplo disso são os " "_traits_ [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator." "html) e [`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait." "IntoIterator.html)." #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:8 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:28 msgid "`Iterator`" msgstr "`Iterator` (Iterador)" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:10 msgid "" "Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. The " "`Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get `None` " "back:" msgstr "" "Os _traits_ são como interfaces: eles descrevem o comportamento (métodos) " "para um tipo. O _trait_ `Iterator` simplesmente diz que você pode chamar " "`next` até obter `None` como retorno:" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:13 msgid "" "```rust\n" "pub trait Iterator {\n" " type Item;\n" " fn next(&mut self) -> Option;\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust\n" "pub trait Iterator {\n" " type Item;\n" " fn next(&mut self) -> Option;\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:20 msgid "You use this trait like this:" msgstr "Você usa esse _trait_ da seguinte forma:" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:22 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " let mut iter = v.iter();\n" "\n" " println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" " println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" " println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" " println!(\"No more items: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " let mut iter = v.iter();\n" "\n" " println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" " println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" " println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" " println!(\"Sem mais itens: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:34 msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:" msgstr "Qual é o tipo retornado pelo iterador? Teste sua resposta aqui:" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:36 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " let mut iter = v.iter();\n" "\n" " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " let mut iter = v.iter();\n" "\n" " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:46 msgid "Why is this type used?" msgstr "Por que esse tipo?" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:48 msgid "`IntoIterator`" msgstr "`IntoIterator`" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:50 msgid "" "The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an " "iterator. The related trait `IntoIterator` tells you how to create the " "iterator:" msgstr "" "O _trait_ `Iterator` informa como _iterar_ depois de criar um iterador. O " "_trait_ relacionado `IntoIterator` lhe informa como criar o iterador:" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:53 msgid "" "```rust\n" "pub trait IntoIterator {\n" " type Item;\n" " type IntoIter: Iterator;\n" "\n" " fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust\n" "pub trait IntoIterator {\n" " type Item;\n" " type IntoIter: Iterator;\n" "\n" " fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:62 msgid "" "The syntax here means that every implementation of `IntoIterator` must " "declare two types:" msgstr "" "A sintaxe aqui significa que toda implementação de `IntoIterator` deve " "declarar dois tipos:" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:65 msgid "`Item`: the type we iterate over, such as `i8`," msgstr "`Item`: o tipo sobre o qual iteramos, como `i8`," #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:66 msgid "`IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method." msgstr "`IntoIter`: o tipo `Iterator` retornado pelo método `into_iter`." #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:68 msgid "" "Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same " "`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option`" msgstr "" "Observe que `IntoIter` e `Item` estão vinculados: o iterador deve ter o " "mesmo tipo `Item`, o que significa que ele retorna `Option`" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:71 msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?" msgstr "Como antes, qual é o tipo retornado pelo iterador?" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:73 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" "from(\"bar\")];\n" " let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" "\n" " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" "from(\"bar\")];\n" " let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" "\n" " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:83 msgid "`for` Loops" msgstr "_Loops_ `for`" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:85 msgid "" "Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` " "loops. They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the " "resulting iterator:" msgstr "" "Agora que conhecemos `Iterator` e `IntoIterator`, podemos construir loops " "`for`. Eles chamam `into_iter()` em uma expressão e itera sobre o iterador " "resultante:" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:89 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" "from(\"bar\")];\n" "\n" " for word in &v {\n" " println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" " }\n" "\n" " for word in v {\n" " println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" "from(\"bar\")];\n" "\n" " for palavra in &v {\n" " println!(\"palavra: {palavra}\");\n" " }\n" "\n" " for palavra in v {\n" " println!(\"palavra: {palavra}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:103 msgid "What is the type of `word` in each loop?" msgstr "Qual é o tipo de `palavra` em cada laço?" #: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:105 msgid "" "Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for [`impl " "IntoIterator for &Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." "html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26'a+Vec%3CT,+A%3E) and [`impl IntoIterator for " "Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-" "for-Vec%3CT,+A%3E) to check your answers." msgstr "" "Experimente com o código acima e depois consulte a documentação para [`impl " "IntoIterator para &Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." "html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) e [`impl " "IntoIterator para Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." "html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) para verificar suas respostas." #: src/welcome-day-2.md:1 msgid "Welcome to Day 2" msgstr "Bem-vindos ao Dia 2" #: src/welcome-day-2.md:3 msgid "Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, we will continue with:" msgstr "Agora que vimos uma boa quantidade de Rust, continuaremos com:" #: src/welcome-day-2.md:5 msgid "Structs, enums, methods." msgstr "Estruturas (structs), enumerações (enums), métodos (methods)." #: src/welcome-day-2.md:7 msgid "Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays." msgstr "Correspondência de padrões: desestruturando enums, structs, e arrays." #: src/welcome-day-2.md:9 msgid "" "Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, and " "`continue`." msgstr "" "Construtos de fluxo de controle: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, " "`break`, e `continue`." #: src/welcome-day-2.md:12 msgid "" "The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, " "`Rc` and `Arc`." msgstr "" "A Biblioteca Padrão: `String`, `Option` e `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc` e " "`Arc`." #: src/welcome-day-2.md:15 msgid "Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy." msgstr "" "Módulos: visibilidade, caminhos (paths), e hierarquia do sistema de arquivos." #: src/structs.md:3 msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:" msgstr "Como C e C++, Rust tem suporte para `structs` personalizadas:" #: src/structs.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "struct Person {\n" " name: String,\n" " age: u8,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut peter = Person {\n" " name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n" " age: 27,\n" " };\n" " println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n" " \n" " peter.age = 28;\n" " println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n" " \n" " let jackie = Person {\n" " name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n" " ..peter\n" " };\n" " println!(\"{} is {} years old\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "struct Pessoa {\n" " nome: String,\n" " idade: u8,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut pedro = Pessoa {\n" " nome: String::from(\"Pedro\"),\n" " idade: 27,\n" " };\n" " println!(\"{} tem {} anos.\", pedro.nome, pedro.idade);\n" " \n" " pedro.idade= 28;\n" " println!(\"{} tem {} anos.\", pedro.nome, pedro.idade);\n" " \n" " let jackie = Pessoa {\n" " nome: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n" " ..pedro\n" " };\n" " println!(\"{} tem {} anos.\", jackie.nome, jackie.idade);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/structs.md:31 src/enums.md:34 src/enums/sizes.md:28 src/methods.md:30 #: src/methods/example.md:46 src/pattern-matching.md:25 #: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:22 src/control-flow/blocks.md:43 msgid "Key Points:" msgstr "Pontos Chave:" #: src/structs.md:33 msgid "Structs work like in C or C++." msgstr "Structs funcionam como em C ou C++." #: src/structs.md:34 msgid "Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type." msgstr "" "Como em C++, e ao contrário de C, nenhum _`typedef`_ é necessário para " "definir um tipo." #: src/structs.md:35 msgid "Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs." msgstr "Ao contrário do C++, não há herança entre _structs_." #: src/structs.md:36 msgid "" "Methods are defined in an `impl` block, which we will see in following " "slides." msgstr "" "Os métodos são definidos em um bloco _`impl`_, que veremos nos próximos " "slides." #: src/structs.md:37 msgid "" "This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of " "structs. " msgstr "" "Este pode ser um bom momento para que as pessoas saibam que existem " "diferentes tipos de _structs_." #: src/structs.md:38 msgid "" "Zero-sized structs `e.g., struct Foo;` might be used when implementing a " "trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the " "value itself. " msgstr "" "_Structs_ de tamanho zero `por exemplo, struct Foo;` podem ser usadas ao " "implementar uma característica em algum tipo, mas não possuem nenhum dado " "que você deseja armazenar nelas." #: src/structs.md:39 msgid "" "The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are " "not important." msgstr "" "O próximo slide apresentará as estruturas tuplas (_Estruturas Tupla_) usadas " "quando o nome dos campos não são importantes." #: src/structs.md:40 msgid "" "The syntax `..peter` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the " "old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be " "the last element." msgstr "" "A sintaxe `..pedro` permite copiar a maioria dos campos de uma _struct_ sem " "precisar explicitar seus tipos. Sempre deve ser o último elemento." #: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:3 msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:" msgstr "" "Se os nomes dos campos não forem importantes, você pode usar uma estrutura " "de tupla:" #: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "struct Point(i32, i32);\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p = Point(17, 23);\n" " println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p = Ponto(17, 23);\n" " println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:14 msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):" msgstr "" "Isso é comumente utilizado para _wrappers_ (invólucros) com campo único " "(chamados _newtypes_):" #: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:16 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "struct PoundsOfForce(f64);\n" "struct Newtons(f64);\n" "\n" "fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundsOfForce {\n" " todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n" " // ...\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let force = compute_thruster_force();\n" " set_thruster_force(force);\n" "}\n" "\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "struct LibrasDeForca(f64);\n" "struct Newtons(f64);\n" "\n" "fn calcular_forca_nas_turbinas() -> LibrasDeForca {\n" " todo!(\"Pergunte para um cientista de foguetes da NASA\")\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn definir_forca_nas_turbinas(force: Newtons) {\n" " // …\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let forca = calcular_forca_nas_turbinas();\n" " definir_forca_nas_turbinas(forca);\n" "}\n" "\n" "```" #: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:37 msgid "" "Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in " "a primitive type, for example:" msgstr "" "_Newtypes_ são uma ótima maneira de codificar informações adicionais sobre o " "valor em um tipo primitivo, por exemplo:" #: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:38 msgid "The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above." msgstr "O número é medido em algumas unidades: `Newtons` no exemplo acima." #: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:39 msgid "" "The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have " "to validate it again at every use: 'PhoneNumber(String)`or`OddNumber(u32)\\`." msgstr "" "O valor passou por alguma validação quando foi criado, então não é preciso " "validá-lo novamente a cada uso: `NumeroTelefone(String)` ou " "`NumeroImpar(u32)`." #: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:40 msgid "" "Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the " "single field in the newtype." msgstr "" "Demonstre como somar um valor `f64` em um valor do tipo `Newtons` acessando " "o campo único no _newtype_." #: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:41 msgid "" "Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or " "for instance using booleans as integers." msgstr "" "Geralmente, Rust não gosta de coisas implícitas, como _unwrapping_ " "automático ou, por exemplo, usar booleanos como inteiros." #: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:42 msgid "Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics)." msgstr "Sobrecarga de operadores é discutido no Dia 3 (_generics_)." #: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:43 msgid "" "The example is a subtle reference to the [Mars Climate Orbiter](https://en." "wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter) failure." msgstr "" "O examplo é uma referência sutil a falha do [Orbitador Climático de Marte]" "(https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter)." #: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:3 msgid "" "If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the " "struct using a shorthand:" msgstr "" "Se você já tiver variáveis com os nomes corretos, poderá criar a estrutura " "(_struct_) usando uma abreviação:" #: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Person {\n" " name: String,\n" " age: u8,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Person {\n" " fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n" " Person { name, age }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n" " println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Pessoa {\n" " nome: String,\n" " idade: u8,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Pessoa {\n" " fn new(nome: String, idade: u8) -> Pessoa {\n" " Pessoa { nome, idade }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let pedro = Pessoa::new(String::from(\"Pedro\"), 27);\n" " println!(\"{pedro:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:27 msgid "" "The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is " "interchangeable with the struct type name" msgstr "" "A função `new` poderia ser escrita utilizando `Self` como tipo, já que ele é " "intercambiável com o nome da _struct_" #: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:29 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Person {\n" " name: String,\n" " age: u8,\n" "}\n" "impl Person {\n" " fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n" " Self { name, age }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Pessoa {\n" " nome: String,\n" " idade: u8,\n" "}\n" "impl Pessoa {\n" " fn new(nome: String, idade: u8) -> Self {\n" " Self { nome, idade }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:41 msgid "" "Implement the `Default` trait for the struct. Define some fields and use the " "default values for the other fields." msgstr "" "Implemente a _trait_ `Default` (Padrão) para a _struct_. Defina alguns " "campos e utilize valores padrão para os demais." #: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:43 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Person {\n" " name: String,\n" " age: u8,\n" "}\n" "impl Default for Person {\n" " fn default() -> Person {\n" " Person {\n" " name: \"Bot\".to_string(),\n" " age: 0,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "fn create_default() {\n" " let tmp = Person {\n" " ..Person::default()\n" " };\n" " let tmp = Person {\n" " name: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n" " ..Person::default()\n" " };\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Pessoa {\n" " nome: String,\n" " idade: u8,\n" "}\n" "impl Default for Pessoa {\n" " fn default() -> Pessoa {\n" " Pessoa {\n" " nome: \"Robô\".to_string(),\n" " idade: 0,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "fn create_default() {\n" " let tmp = Pessoa {\n" " ..Pessoa::default()\n" " };\n" " let tmp = Pessoa {\n" " nome: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n" " ..Pessoa::default()\n" " };\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:68 msgid "Methods are defined in the `impl` block." msgstr "Métodos são definidos no bloco `impl`." #: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:69 msgid "" "Use struct update syntax to define a new structure using `peter`. Note that " "the variable `peter` will no longer be accessible afterwards." msgstr "" "Use a sintaxe de atualização de estruturas para definir uma nova `struct` " "usando `pedro`. Note que a variável `pedro` não será mais acessível após." #: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:70 msgid "" "Use `{:#?}` when printing structs to request the `Debug` representation." msgstr "" "Utilize `{:#?}` para imprimir _structs_ utilizando a representação de " "depuração (`Debug`)." #: src/enums.md:3 msgid "" "The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few different " "variants:" msgstr "" "A palavra-chave `enum` permite a criação de um tipo que possui algumas " "variantes diferentes:" #: src/enums.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n" " // Implementation based on https://xkcd.com/221/\n" " 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "enum CoinFlip {\n" " Heads,\n" " Tails,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n" " let random_number = generate_random_number();\n" " if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n" " return CoinFlip::Heads;\n" " } else {\n" " return CoinFlip::Tails;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn gerar_numero_aleatorio() -> i32 {\n" " // Implementação baseada em https://xkcd.com/221/\n" " 4 // Escolhido por uma rolagem de dados justa. Garantido ser " "aleatório.\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "enum MoedaJogada {\n" " Cara,\n" " Coroa,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn jogar_moeda() -> MoedaJogada {\n" " let numero_aleatorio = gerar_numero_aleatorio();\n" " if numero_aleatorio % 2 == 0 {\n" " return MoedaJogada::Cara;\n" " } else {\n" " return MoedaJogada::Coroa;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"Você tirou: {:?}\", jogar_moeda());\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/enums.md:36 msgid "Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type" msgstr "Enumerações permitem coletar um conjunto de valores em um tipo" #: src/enums.md:37 msgid "" "This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and " "`Tails`. You might note the namespace when using variants." msgstr "" "Esta página oferece um tipo de _enum_ `MoedaJogada` com duas variantes " "`Cara` e `Coroa`. Você pode observar o _namespace_ ao usar variantes." #: src/enums.md:38 msgid "This might be a good time to compare Structs and Enums:" msgstr "Este pode ser um bom momento para comparar _Structs_ e _Enums_:" #: src/enums.md:39 msgid "" "In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one " "with different types of fields (variant payloads). " msgstr "" "Em ambos, você pode ter uma versão simples sem campos (_unit struct_, ou " "estrutura unitária) ou uma com diferentes tipos de campo." #: src/enums.md:40 msgid "In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block." msgstr "" "Em ambos, as funções associadas são definidas dentro de um bloco `impl`." #: src/enums.md:41 msgid "" "You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate " "structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were " "all defined in an enum. " msgstr "" "Você pode até mesmo implementar as diferentes variantes de uma _Enum_ com " "_Structs_ separadas, mas elas não seriam do mesmo tipo, como seriam se todas " "fossem definidas em uma _Enum_. " #: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:3 msgid "" "You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then use " "the `match` statement to extract the data from each variant:" msgstr "" "Você pode definir enums mais ricos onde as variantes carregam dados. Você " "pode então usar a instrução `match` (corresponder) para extrair os dados de " "cada variante:" #: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "enum WebEvent {\n" " PageLoad, // Variant without payload\n" " KeyPress(char), // Tuple struct variant\n" " Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" "fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n" " match event {\n" " WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n" " WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n" " WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n" " let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n" " let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };\n" "\n" " inspect(load);\n" " inspect(press);\n" " inspect(click);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "enum EventoWeb {\n" " CarregarPagina, // Variante sem conteúdo\n" " TeclaPressionada(char), // Variante tupla\n" " Clique { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Variante completa\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" "fn inspecionar(evento: EventoWeb) {\n" " match evento {\n" " EventoWeb::CarregarPagina => println!(\"página carregada\"),\n" " EventoWeb::TeclaPressionada(c) => println!(\"pressionou " "'{c}'\"),\n" " EventoWeb::Clique { x, y } => println!(\"clicou em x={x}, y={y}\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let carregar = EventoWeb::CarregarPagina;\n" " let pressionar = EventoWeb::TeclaPressionada('x');\n" " let clicar = EventoWeb::Clique { x: 20, y: 80 };\n" "\n" " inspecionar(carregar);\n" " inspecionar(pressionar);\n" " inspecionar(clicar);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:35 msgid "" "The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern " "matched. The pattern binds references to the fields in the \"match arm\" " "after the `=>`." msgstr "" "Os valores nas variantes de uma _enum_ só podem ser acessados após uma " "correspondência de padrão. O padrão vincula referências aos campos no " "\"braço\" do _match_ após `=>`." #: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:36 msgid "" "The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There is " "no fall-through like in C or C++." msgstr "" "A expressão é comparada com os padrões de cima a baixo. Não existe _fall-" "through_ como em C ou C++." #: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:37 msgid "" "The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in the " "match arm which was executed." msgstr "" "A expressão _match_ possui um valor. O valor é o da última expressão " "executada em um \"braço\" do _match_." #: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:38 msgid "" "Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then run " "the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. " msgstr "" "Começando do topo, nós procuramos qual padrão corresponde ao valor, e então " "executamos o código após a flecha. Quando uma correspondência é encontrada, " "nós paramos. " #: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:39 msgid "" "Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage " "the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are handled. " msgstr "" "Demonstre o que acontece quando a busca não abrange todas as possibilidades. " "Mencione a vantagem que o compilador do Rust oferece confirmando quando " "todos os casos foram tratados. " #: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:40 msgid "`match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`." msgstr "`match` inspeciona um campo discriminant escondido na `enum`." #: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:41 msgid "" "It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::" "discriminant()`" msgstr "" "É possível recuperar o discriminante chamando `std::mem::discriminant()`" #: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:42 msgid "" "This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs where " "comparing field values doesn't affect equality." msgstr "" "Isso é útil, por exemplo, ao implementar `PartialEq` para _structs_ nas " "quais comparar valores de campos não afeta a igualdade." #: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:43 msgid "" "`WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::" "Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined version " "cannot implement traits, for example." msgstr "" "`EventoWeb::Clique { ... }` não é exatamente o mesmo que `EventoWeb::" "Clique(Clique)` com uma `struct Clique { ... }` _top-level_. A versão no " "próprio local (_inline_) não permite implementar _traits_, por exemplo." #: src/enums/sizes.md:3 msgid "" "Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into " "account:" msgstr "" "Enums, em Rust, são agrupados de maneira compacta, levando em consideração " "restrições devido ao alinhamento:" #: src/enums/sizes.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::any::type_name;\n" "use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n" "\n" "fn dbg_size() {\n" " println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n" " type_name::(), size_of::(), align_of::());\n" "}\n" "\n" "enum Foo {\n" " A,\n" " B,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " dbg_size::();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::any::type_name;\n" "use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n" "\n" "fn dbg_size() {\n" " println!(\"{}: tamanho {} bytes, alinhamento: {} bytes\",\n" " type_name::(), size_of::(), align_of::());\n" "}\n" "\n" "enum Foo {\n" " A,\n" " B,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " dbg_size::();\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/enums/sizes.md:24 msgid "" "See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout." "html)." msgstr "" "Consulte a [Referência do Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-" "layout.html)." #: src/enums/sizes.md:30 msgid "" "Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum " "variant." msgstr "" "Internamente Rust utiliza um campo (discriminante) para saber qual a " "variante da _enum_." #: src/enums/sizes.md:32 msgid "" "You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):" msgstr "" "É possível controlar a discriminante se necessário (e.g., para " "compatibilidade com C):" #: src/enums/sizes.md:34 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[repr(u32)]\n" "enum Bar {\n" " A, // 0\n" " B = 10000,\n" " C, // 10001\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n" " println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n" " println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[repr(u32)]\n" "enum Bar {\n" " A, // 0\n" " B = 10000,\n" " C, // 10001\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n" " println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n" " println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/enums/sizes.md:49 msgid "" "Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2 " "bytes." msgstr "" "Sem `repr`, o tipo da discriminante usa 2 bytes, porque 10001 cabe em 2 " "bytes." #: src/enums/sizes.md:53 msgid "Try out other types such as" msgstr "Tente outros tipos como" #: src/enums/sizes.md:55 msgid "`dbg_size!(bool)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes," msgstr "`dbg_size!(bool)`: tamanho 1 bytes, alinhamento: 1 bytes," #: src/enums/sizes.md:56 msgid "" "`dbg_size!(Option)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes (niche optimization, " "see below)," msgstr "" "`dbg_size!(Option)`: tamanho 1 bytes, alinhamento: 1 bytes (otimização " "de nicho, seja abaixo)," #: src/enums/sizes.md:57 msgid "`dbg_size!(&i32)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (on a 64-bit machine)," msgstr "" "`dbg_size!(&i32)`: tamanho 8 bytes, alinhamento: 8 bytes (em uma máquina de " "64-bits)," #: src/enums/sizes.md:58 msgid "" "`dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (null pointer " "optimization, see below)." msgstr "" "`dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: tamanho 8 bytes, alinhamento: 8 bytes (otimização " "de ponteiro nulo, veja abaixo)." #: src/enums/sizes.md:60 msgid "" "Niche optimization: Rust will merge unused bit patterns for the enum " "discriminant." msgstr "" "Otimização de nicho: Rust vai mesclar padrões de bits não utilizados na " "discriminante da _enum_." #: src/enums/sizes.md:63 msgid "" "Null pointer optimization: For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::()` equals " "`size_of::>()`." msgstr "" "Otimização de ponteiro nulo: para [alguns tipos](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "std/option/#representation), o Rust garante que `size_of::()` se iguala " "`size_of::>()`." #: src/enums/sizes.md:67 msgid "" "Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation _may_ look " "like in practice. It's important to note that the compiler provides no " "guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe." msgstr "" "Código de exemplo caso queira mostrar como a representação em bits _pode_ " "ser na prática. É importante apontar que o compilador não oferece nenhuma " "garantia a respeito dessa representação, portanto isso é completamente " "inseguro." #: src/enums/sizes.md:70 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::mem::transmute;\n" "\n" "macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" " ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" " println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, " "$bit_type>($e));\n" " };\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" " // representation of types.\n" " unsafe {\n" " println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n" " dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n" " dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n" "\n" " println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option\");\n" " dbg_bits!(None::, u8);\n" " dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n" " dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n" "\n" " println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option>\");\n" " dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n" " dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n" " dbg_bits!(Some(None::), u8);\n" " dbg_bits!(None::>, u8);\n" "\n" " println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n" " dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n" " dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::mem::transmute;\n" "\n" "macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" " ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" " println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, " "$bit_type>($e));\n" " };\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " // TOTALMENTE INSEGURO. Rust não oferece nenhuma garantia sobre a\n" " // representação dos tipos em bits.\n" " unsafe {\n" " println!(\"Representação em bits de booleano\");\n" " dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n" " dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n" "\n" " println!(\"Representação em bits de Option\");\n" " dbg_bits!(None::, u8);\n" " dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n" " dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n" "\n" " println!(\"Representação em bits de Option>\");\n" " dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n" " dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n" " dbg_bits!(Some(None::), u8);\n" " dbg_bits!(None::>, u8);\n" "\n" " println!(\"Representação em bits de Option<&i32>\");\n" " dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n" " dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/enums/sizes.md:105 msgid "" "More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain more " "than 256 `Option`s together." msgstr "" "Exemplo mais complexo caso queira demonstrar o que acontece ao encadear mais " "de 256 `Option`s de uma vez." #: src/enums/sizes.md:107 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n" "\n" "use std::mem::transmute;\n" "\n" "macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" " ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" " println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, " "$bit_type>($e));\n" " };\n" "}\n" "\n" "// Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" " "signs.\n" "// Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n" "macro_rules! many_options {\n" " ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n" " ($value:expr, @) => {\n" " Some(Some($value))\n" " };\n" " ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n" " many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n" " };\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" " // representation of types.\n" " unsafe {\n" " assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n" " assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n" " assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), " "Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n" "\n" " println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's.\");\n" " dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" " dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" "\n" " println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's.\");\n" " dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" " dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" "\n" " println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's.\");\n" " dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" " dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" " dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n" "\n" "use std::mem::transmute;\n" "\n" "macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" " ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" " println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, " "$bit_type>($e));\n" " };\n" "}\n" "\n" "// Macro que envolve um valor em 2^n Some() no qual n é o número de \"@\".\n" "// É preciso aumentar o limite de recursão para aplicar essa macro.\n" "macro_rules! muitos_options {\n" " ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n" " ($value:expr, @) => {\n" " Some(Some($value))\n" " };\n" " ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n" " muitos_options!(muitos_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n" " };\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " // TOTALMENTE INSEGURO. Rust não oferece nenhuma garantia sobre a\n" " // representação dos tipos em bits.\n" " unsafe {\n" " assert_eq!(muitos_options!(false), Some(false));\n" " assert_eq!(muitos_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n" " assert_eq!(muitos_options!(false, @@), " "Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n" "\n" " println!(\"Representação em bits de uma sequência de 128 Option's." "\");\n" " dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" " dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" "\n" " println!(\"Representação em bits de uma sequência de 256 Option's." "\");\n" " dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" " dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" "\n" " println!(\"Representação em bits de uma sequência de 257 Option's." "\");\n" " dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" " dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" " dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(None::, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/methods.md:3 msgid "" "Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with " "an `impl` block:" msgstr "" "Rust permite que você associe funções aos seus novos tipos. Você faz isso " "com um bloco `impl`:" #: src/methods.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Person {\n" " name: String,\n" " age: u8,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Person {\n" " fn say_hello(&self) {\n" " println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let peter = Person {\n" " name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n" " age: 27,\n" " };\n" " peter.say_hello();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Pessoa {\n" " nome: String,\n" " idade: u8,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Pessoa {\n" " fn dizer_ola(&self) {\n" " println!(\"Olá, meu nome é {}\", self.nome);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let pedro = Pessoa {\n" " nome: String::from(\"Pedro\"),\n" " idade: 27,\n" " };\n" " pedro.dizer_ola();\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/methods.md:31 msgid "It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions." msgstr "Pode ser útil introduzir métodos comparando-os com funções." #: src/methods.md:32 msgid "" "Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the " "first parameter represents the instance as `self`." msgstr "" "Métodos são chamados em uma instância de um tipo (como _struct_ ou _enum_), " "o primeiro parâmetro representa a instância como `self`." #: src/methods.md:33 msgid "" "Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver " "syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep " "all the implementation code in one predictable place." msgstr "" "Os desenvolvedores podem optar por usar métodos para aproveitar a sintaxe do " "receptor do método e ajudar a mantê-los mais organizados. Usando métodos, " "podemos manter todo o código de implementação em um local previsível." #: src/methods.md:34 msgid "Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver." msgstr "Destaque o uso da palavra-chave `self`, um receptor de método." #: src/methods.md:35 msgid "" "Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self: Self` and perhaps show how " "the struct name could also be used." msgstr "" "Mostre que é um termo abreviado para `self:Self` e talvez mostre como o nome " "da _struct_ também poderia ser usado." #: src/methods.md:36 msgid "" "Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and " "can be used elsewhere in the block." msgstr "" "Explique que `Self` é um apelido de tipo para o tipo em que o bloco `impl` " "está e pode ser usado em qualquer outro lugar no bloco." #: src/methods.md:37 msgid "" "Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to " "refer to individual fields." msgstr "" "Observe como `self` é usado como outras _Structs_ e a notação de ponto pode " "ser usada para se referir a campos individuais." #: src/methods.md:38 msgid "" "This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` " "by modifying the code and trying to run say_hello twice." msgstr "" "Este pode ser um bom momento para demonstrar como `&self` difere de `self` " "modificando o código e tentando executar `dizer_ola` duas vezes." #: src/methods.md:39 msgid "We describe the distinction between method receivers next." msgstr "Descreveremos a distinção entre os receptores de método a seguir." #: src/methods/receiver.md:3 msgid "" "The `&self` above indicates that the method borrows the object immutably. " "There are other possible receivers for a method:" msgstr "" "O `&self` acima indica que o método toma emprestado o objeto imutavelmente. " "Existem outros receptores possíveis para um método:" #: src/methods/receiver.md:6 msgid "" "`&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable " "reference. The object can be used again afterwards." msgstr "" "`&self`: pega emprestado o objeto do chamador como uma referência " "compartilhada e imutável. O objeto pode ser usado novamente depois." #: src/methods/receiver.md:8 msgid "" "`&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable " "reference. The object can be used again afterwards." msgstr "" "`&mut self`: pega emprestado o objeto do chamador como uma referência única " "e mutável. O objeto pode ser usado novamente depois." #: src/methods/receiver.md:10 msgid "" "`self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The " "method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped " "(deallocated) when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly " "transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability." msgstr "" "`self`: toma posse do objeto e o move do chamador. O método se torna o " "proprietário do objeto. O objeto será descartado (desalocado) quando o " "método retorna, a menos que sua _ownership_ (posse) seja explicitamente " "transmitida. Posse completa não significa automaticamente mutabilidade." #: src/methods/receiver.md:14 msgid "`mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object. " msgstr "" "`mut self`: o mesmo que acima, mas enquanto o método possui o objeto, ele " "pode alterá-lo também." #: src/methods/receiver.md:15 msgid "" "No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to " "create constructors which are called `new` by convention." msgstr "" "Sem receptor: isso se torna um método estático (_static_) na estrutura. " "Normalmente usado para criar construtores que, por convenção, são chamados " "`new`." #: src/methods/receiver.md:18 msgid "" "Beyond variants on `self`, there are also [special wrapper types](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) allowed to be " "receiver types, such as `Box`." msgstr "" "Além das variantes de `self`, também existem [tipos especiais de _wrapper_]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) que " "podem ser tipos de receptores, como `Box`." #: src/methods/receiver.md:24 msgid "" "Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". " "These constraints always come together in Rust due to borrow checker rules, " "and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to reference a struct from " "multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method on it." msgstr "" "Considere enfatizar \"compartilhado e imutável\" e \"único e mutável\". " "Essas restrições sempre vêm juntos no Rust devido às regras do _Borrow " "Checker_ (verificador de empréstimo), e `self` não é uma exceção. Não será " "possível referenciar uma _struct_ de vários locais e chamar um método " "mutável (`&mut self`) nela." #: src/methods/example.md:3 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Race {\n" " name: String,\n" " laps: Vec,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Race {\n" " fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n" " Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write " "access to self\n" " self.laps.push(lap);\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n" " println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n" " for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n" " println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n" " let total = self.laps.iter().sum::();\n" " println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, " "total);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n" " race.add_lap(70);\n" " race.add_lap(68);\n" " race.print_laps();\n" " race.add_lap(71);\n" " race.print_laps();\n" " race.finish();\n" " // race.add_lap(42);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Corrida {\n" " nome: String,\n" " voltas: Vec,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Corrida {\n" " fn new(nome: &str) -> Corrida { // Sem receptor, método estático\n" " Corrida { nome: String::from(nome), voltas: Vec::new() }\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn adicionar_volta(&mut self, volta: i32) { // Empréstimo único com " "acesso de leitura e escrita em self\n" " self.voltas.push(volta);\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn imprimir_voltas(&self) { // Empréstimo compartilhado com acesso " "apenas de leitura em self\n" " println!(\"Registrou {} voltas para {}:\", self.voltas.len(), self." "nome);\n" " for (idx, volta) in self.voltas.iter().enumerate() {\n" " println!(\"Volta {idx}: {volta} seg\");\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn encerrar(self) { // Propriedade exclusiva de self\n" " let total = self.voltas.iter().sum::();\n" " println!(\"Corrida {} foi encerrada, tempo de voltas total: {}\", " "self.nome, total);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut corrida = Corrida::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n" " corrida.adicionar_volta(70);\n" " corrida.adicionar_volta(68);\n" " corrida.imprimir_voltas();\n" " corrida.adicionar_volta(71);\n" " corrida.imprimir_voltas();\n" " corrida.encerrar();\n" " // corrida.adicionar_volta(42);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/methods/example.md:47 msgid "All four methods here use a different method receiver." msgstr "Todos os quatro métodos aqui usam um receptor de método diferente." #: src/methods/example.md:48 msgid "" "You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the " "variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`." msgstr "" "Você pode apontar como isso muda o que a função pode fazer com os valores " "das variáveis e se/como ela pode ser usada novamente na `main`." #: src/methods/example.md:49 msgid "" "You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` twice." msgstr "" "Você pode mostrar o erro que aparece ao tentar chamar `encerrar` duas vezes." #: src/methods/example.md:50 msgid "" "Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static " "functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables automatic " "referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust automatically adds " "in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches the method signature." msgstr "" "Observe que, embora os receptores do método sejam diferentes, as funções não " "estáticas são chamadas da mesma maneira no corpo principal. Rust permite " "referenciar e desreferenciar automaticamente ao chamar métodos. Rust " "adiciona automaticamente `&`, `*`, `muts` para que esse objeto corresponda à " "assinatura do método." #: src/methods/example.md:51 msgid "" "You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated " "over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. " msgstr "" "Você pode apontar que `imprimir_voltas` está usando um vetor e iterando " "sobre ele. Descreveremos os vetores com mais detalhes à tarde. " #: src/pattern-matching.md:3 msgid "" "The `match` keyword let you match a value against one or more _patterns_. " "The comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins." msgstr "" "A palavra-chave `match` permite que você corresponda um valor a um ou mais " "_padrões_ (_patterns_). As comparações são feitas de cima para baixo e a " "primeira correspondência encontrada é selecionada." #: src/pattern-matching.md:6 msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:" msgstr "" "Os padrões podem ser valores simples, similarmente a `switch` em C e C++:" #: src/pattern-matching.md:8 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let input = 'x';\n" "\n" " match input {\n" " 'q' => println!(\"Quitting\"),\n" " 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n" " '0'..='9' => println!(\"Number input\"),\n" " _ => println!(\"Something else\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let entrada = 'x';\n" "\n" " match entrada {\n" " 'q' => println!(\"Encerrando\"),\n" " 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Movendo por ai\"),\n" " '0'..='9' => println!(\"Entrada de número\"),\n" " _ => println!(\"Alguma outra coisa\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/pattern-matching.md:21 msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value." msgstr "O padrão `_` é um padrão curinga que corresponde a qualquer valor." #: src/pattern-matching.md:26 msgid "" "You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a " "pattern" msgstr "" "Você pode apontar como alguns caracteres específicos podem ser usados em um " "padrão" #: src/pattern-matching.md:27 msgid "`|` as an `or`" msgstr "`|` como um `ou`" #: src/pattern-matching.md:28 msgid "`..` can expand as much as it needs to be" msgstr "`..` pode expandir o quanto for necessário" #: src/pattern-matching.md:29 msgid "`1..=5` represents an inclusive range" msgstr "`1..=5` representa um intervalo inclusivo" #: src/pattern-matching.md:30 msgid "`_` is a wild card" msgstr "`_` é um curinga" #: src/pattern-matching.md:31 msgid "" "It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a " "wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`." msgstr "" "Pode ser útil mostrar como funciona a vinculação, por exemplo, substituindo " "um caractere curinga por uma variável ou removendo as aspas ao redor de `q`." #: src/pattern-matching.md:32 msgid "You can demonstrate matching on a reference." msgstr "Você pode demonstrar correspondência em uma referência." #: src/pattern-matching.md:33 msgid "" "This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable patterns, " "as the term can show up in error messages." msgstr "" "Este pode ser um bom momento para trazer à tona o conceito de padrões " "irrefutáveis, já que o termo pode aparecer em mensagens de erro." #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:3 msgid "" "Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is " "how you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple " "`enum` type:" msgstr "" "Os padrões também podem ser usados para vincular variáveis a partes de seus " "valores. É assim que você inspeciona a estrutura de seus tipos. Vamos " "começar com um tipo `enum` simples:" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "enum Result {\n" " Ok(i32),\n" " Err(String),\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n" " if n % 2 == 0 {\n" " Result::Ok(n / 2)\n" " } else {\n" " Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let n = 100;\n" " match divide_in_two(n) {\n" " Result::Ok(half) => println!(\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"),\n" " Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "enum Resultado {\n" " Ok(i32),\n" " Erro(String),\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn divide_em_dois(n: i32) -> Resultado {\n" " if n % 2 == 0 {\n" " Resultado::Ok(n / 2)\n" " } else {\n" " Resultado::Erro(format!(\"não é possível dividir {n} em duas partes " "iguais\"))\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let n = 100;\n" " match divide_em_dois(n) {\n" " Resultado::Ok(metade) => println!(\"{n} divido em dois é " "{metade}\"),\n" " Resultado::Erro(msg) => println!(\"desculpe, aconteceu um erro: " "{msg}\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:29 msgid "" "Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first " "arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second " "arm, `msg` is bound to the error message." msgstr "" "Aqui usamos a verificação de correspondência para _desestruturar_ o valor " "contido em `Result`. Na primeira verificação de correspondência, `metade` " "está vinculado ao valor dentro da variante `Ok`. Na segunda, `msg` está " "vinculado à mensagem de erro." #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:36 msgid "" "The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with " "a `match`." msgstr "" "A expressão `if`/`else` está retornando um `enum` que é posteriormente " "descompactado com um `match`." #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:37 msgid "" "You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the " "errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is now " "inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints." msgstr "" "Você pode tentar adicionar uma terceira variante à definição de Enum e " "exibir os erros ao executar o código. Aponte os lugares onde seu código " "agora é \"não exaustivo\" e como o compilador tenta lhe dar dicas." #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:3 msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:" msgstr "Você também pode desestruturar `structs`:" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "struct Foo {\n" " x: (u32, u32),\n" " y: u32,\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" "fn main() {\n" " let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n" " match foo {\n" " Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n" " Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n" " Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, other fields were " "ignored\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "struct Foo {\n" " x: (u32, u32),\n" " y: u32,\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" "fn main() {\n" " let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n" " match foo {\n" " Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n" " Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n" " Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, outros campos foram " "ignorados\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:23 msgid "Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns." msgstr "Modifique os valores em `foo` para corresponder com os outros padrões." #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:24 msgid "Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed." msgstr "" "Adicione um novo campo a `Foo` e faça mudanças nos padrões conforme " "necessário." #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:25 msgid "" "The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard to " "spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that it " "subtly doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again." msgstr "" "A diferença entre uma captura (_capture_) e uma expressão constante pode ser " "difícil de perceber. Tente modificar o `2` no segundo braço para uma " "variável, e veja que, de forma sútil, não funciona. Mude para `const` e veja " "funcionando novamente." #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:3 msgid "" "You can destructure arrays, tuples, and slices by matching on their elements:" msgstr "" "Você pode desestruturar vetores, tuplas e _slices_ combinando seus elementos:" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" "fn main() {\n" " let triple = [0, -2, 3];\n" " println!(\"Tell me about {triple:?}\");\n" " match triple {\n" " [0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" " [1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n" " _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" "fn main() {\n" " let triplo = [0, -2, 3];\n" " println!(\"Fale-me sobre {triplo:?}\");\n" " match triplo {\n" " [0, y, z] => println!(\"Primeiro é 0, y = {y} e z = {z}\"),\n" " [1, ..] => println!(\"Primeiro é 1 e o resto foi ignorado\"),\n" " _ => println!(\"Todos os elementos foram ignorados\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:21 msgid "" "Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of fixed " "length." msgstr "" "Desestruturar _slices_ de tamanho desconhecido é possível utilizando padrões " "de tamanho fixo." #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:24 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n" " inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" "fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n" " println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n" " match slice {\n" " &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" " &[1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n" " _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " inspecionar(&[0, -2, 3]);\n" " inspecionar(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" "fn inspecionar(slice: &[i32]) {\n" " println!(\"Fale-me sobre {slice:?}\");\n" " match slice {\n" " &[0, y, z] => println!(\"Primeiro é 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" " &[1, ..] => println!(\"Primeiro é 1 e o resto foi ignorado\"),\n" " _ => println!(\"Todos os elementos foram ignorados\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:41 msgid "Create a new pattern using `_` to represent an element. " msgstr "Crie um novo padrão usando `_` para representar um elemento. " #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:42 msgid "Add more values to the array." msgstr "Adicione mais valores ao vetor." #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:43 msgid "" "Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of " "elements." msgstr "" "Aponte que `..` vai expandir para levar em conta um número diferente de " "elementos." #: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:44 msgid "Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`" msgstr "" "Mostre correspondência com a cauda usando os padrões `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`" #: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:3 msgid "" "When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary " "Boolean expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:" msgstr "" "Ao verificar uma correspondência, você pode adicionar uma guarda (_guard_) " "para um padrão. É uma expressão Booleana arbitrária que será executada se o " "padrão corresponder:" #: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" "fn main() {\n" " let pair = (2, -2);\n" " println!(\"Tell me about {pair:?}\");\n" " match pair {\n" " (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"These are twins\"),\n" " (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n" " (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"The first one is odd\"),\n" " _ => println!(\"No correlation...\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "#[rustfmt::skip]\n" "fn main() {\n" " let par = (2, -2);\n" " println!(\"Fale-me sobre {par:?}\");\n" " match par {\n" " (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"Estes são gêmeos\"),\n" " (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n" " (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"O primeiro é ímpar\"),\n" " _ => println!(\"Sem correlação...\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:23 msgid "" "Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when " "we wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone would " "allow." msgstr "" "Guardas de correspondência, como um recurso de sintaxe separado, são " "importantes e necessárias quando se quer expressar ideias mais complexas do " "que somente o padrão permitiria." #: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:24 msgid "" "They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. " "An `if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the " "match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't " "result in other arms of the original `match` expression being considered." msgstr "" "Eles não são iguais à expressão `if` separada dentro do bloco de " "correspondência. Uma expressão `if` dentro do bloco de ramificação (depois " "de `=>`) acontece depois que a correspondência é selecionada. A falha na " "condição `if` dentro desse bloco não resultará em outras verificações de " "correspondência da expressão `match` original serem consideradas." #: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:26 msgid "You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression." msgstr "Você pode usar as variáveis definidas no padrão em sua expressão `if`." #: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:27 msgid "" "The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern " "with an `|`." msgstr "" "A condição definida na guarda se aplica a todas as expressões em um padrão " "com um `|`." #: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:1 msgid "Day 2: Morning Exercises" msgstr "Dia 2: Exercícios Matinais" #: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:3 msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:" msgstr "Veremos a implementação de métodos em dois contextos:" #: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:5 msgid "Simple struct which tracks health statistics." msgstr "Uma _struct_ simples que guarda estatísticas de saúde." #: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:7 msgid "Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library." msgstr "Várias _structs_ e _enums_ para uma biblioteca de desenho." #: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:3 msgid "" "You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, " "you need to keep track of users' health statistics." msgstr "" "Você está trabalhando na implementação de um sistema de monitoramento de " "saúde. Como parte disso, você precisa acompanhar as estatísticas de saúde " "dos usuários." #: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:6 msgid "" "You'll start with some stubbed functions in an `impl` block as well as a " "`User` struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out methods " "on the `User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block." msgstr "" "Você começará com algumas funções fragmentadas em um bloco `impl` e também " "com a definição da estrutura `Usuario`. Seu objetivo é implementar os " "métodos esboçados para a `struct` `Usuario` definidos no bloco `impl`." #: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:10 msgid "" "Copy the code below to and fill in the missing " "methods:" msgstr "" "Copie o código abaixo em e implemente os " "métodos que estão faltando:" #: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:13 msgid "" "```rust,should_panic\n" "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" "\n" "pub struct User {\n" " name: String,\n" " age: u32,\n" " height: f32,\n" " visit_count: usize,\n" " last_blood_pressure: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub struct Measurements {\n" " height: f32,\n" " blood_pressure: (u32, u32),\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub struct HealthReport<'a> {\n" " patient_name: &'a str,\n" " visit_count: u32,\n" " height_change: f32,\n" " blood_pressure_change: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl User {\n" " pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, height: f32) -> Self {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn height(&self) -> f32 {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn doctor_visits(&self) -> u32 {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn set_height(&mut self, new_height: f32) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn visit_doctor(&mut self, measurements: Measurements) -> " "HealthReport {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" " println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_height() {\n" " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" " assert_eq!(bob.height(), 155.2);\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_set_age() {\n" " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n" " bob.set_age(33);\n" " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_visit() {\n" " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" " assert_eq!(bob.doctor_visits(), 0);\n" " let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n" " height: 156.1,\n" " blood_pressure: (120, 80),\n" " });\n" " assert_eq!(report.patient_name, \"Bob\");\n" " assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 1);\n" " assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, None);\n" "\n" " let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n" " height: 156.1,\n" " blood_pressure: (115, 76),\n" " });\n" "\n" " assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 2);\n" " assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, Some((-5, -4)));\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,should_panic\n" "// TODO: remova a linha abaixo quando terminar sua implementação.\n" "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" "\n" "pub struct Usuario {\n" " nome: String,\n" " idade: u32,\n" " peso: f32,\n" " num_visitas: usize,\n" " ult_pressao_sang: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub struct Medicoes {\n" " altura: f32,\n" " pressao_sangue: (u32, u32),\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub struct RelatorioSaude<'a> {\n" " nome_paciente: &'a str,\n" " num_visitas: u32,\n" " dif_altura: f32,\n" " dif_pressao_sangue: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Usuario {\n" " pub fn new(nome: String, idade: u32, peso: f32) -> Self {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn nome(&self) -> &str {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn idade(&self) -> u32 {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn altura(&self) -> f32 {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn visitas_medico(&self) -> u32 {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn definir_idade(&mut self, nova_idade: u32) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn definir_altura(&mut self, novo_altura: f32) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let beto = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Beto\"), 32, 155.2);\n" " println!(\"Eu sou {} e minha idade é {}\", beto.nome(), beto.idade());\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_altura() {\n" " let beto = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Beto\"), 32, 155.2);\n" " assert_eq!(beto.altura(), 155.2);\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_definir_idade() {\n" " let mut beto = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Beto\"), 32, 155.2);\n" " assert_eq!(beto.idade(), 32);\n" " beto.definir_idade(33);\n" " assert_eq!(beto.idade(), 33);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:1 msgid "Polygon Struct" msgstr "_Struct_ para Polígono" #: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:3 msgid "" "We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the code " "below to and fill in the missing methods to " "make the tests pass:" msgstr "" "Vamos criar um _struct_ `Poligono` que contém alguns `Pontos`. Copie o " "código abaixo em e preencha os métodos que " "faltam para fazer os testes passarem:" #: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:7 msgid "" "```rust\n" "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" "\n" "pub struct Point {\n" " // add fields\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Point {\n" " // add methods\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub struct Polygon {\n" " // add fields\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Polygon {\n" " // add methods\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub struct Circle {\n" " // add fields\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Circle {\n" " // add methods\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub enum Shape {\n" " Polygon(Polygon),\n" " Circle(Circle),\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[cfg(test)]\n" "mod tests {\n" " use super::*;\n" "\n" " fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_point_magnitude() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_point_dist() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n" " let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n" " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_point_add() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" " let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n" " assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" "\n" " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" " poly.add_point(p1);\n" " poly.add_point(p2);\n" " assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_polygon_iter() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" "\n" " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" " poly.add_point(p1);\n" " poly.add_point(p2);\n" "\n" " let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" " assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n" " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" " poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n" " poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n" " poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n" " let shapes = vec![\n" " Shape::from(poly),\n" " Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" " ];\n" " let perimeters = shapes\n" " .iter()\n" " .map(Shape::perimeter)\n" " .map(round_two_digits)\n" " .collect::>();\n" " assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[allow(dead_code)]\n" "fn main() {}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust\n" "// TODO: remova a linha abaixo quando terminar sua implementação.\n" "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" "\n" "pub struct Ponto {\n" " // adicione atributos\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Ponto {\n" " // adicione métodos\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub struct Poligono {\n" " // adicione atributos\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Poligono {\n" " // adicione métodos\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub struct Circulo {\n" " // adicione atributos\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Circulo {\n" " // adicione métodos\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub enum Forma {\n" " Poligono(Poligono),\n" " Circulo(Circulo),\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[cfg(test)]\n" "mod tests {\n" " use super::*;\n" "\n" " fn arredonda_dois_digitos(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn testa_magnitude_ponto() {\n" " let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" " assert_eq!(arredonda_dois_digitos(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn testa_distancia_ponto() {\n" " let p1 = Ponto::new(10, 10);\n" " let p2 = Ponto::new(14, 13);\n" " assert_eq!(arredonda_dois_digitos(p1.distancia(p2)), 5.00);\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn testa_somar_ponto() {\n" " let p1 = Ponto::new(16, 16);\n" " let p2 = p1 + Ponto::new(-4, 3);\n" " assert_eq!(p2, Ponto::new(12, 19));\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn testa_ponto_mais_a_esquerda_poligono() {\n" " let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" " let p2 = Ponto::new(16, 16);\n" "\n" " let mut poli = Poligono::new();\n" " poli.adiciona_ponto(p1);\n" " poli.adiciona_ponto(p2);\n" " assert_eq!(poli.ponto_mais_a_esquerda(), Some(p1));\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn testa_iterador_poligono() {\n" " let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" " let p2 = Ponto::new(16, 16);\n" "\n" " let mut poli = Poligono::new();\n" " poli.adiciona_ponto(p1);\n" " poli.adiciona_ponto(p2);\n" "\n" " let pontos = poli.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" " assert_eq!(pontos, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn testa_perimetros_forma() {\n" " let mut poli = Poligono::new();\n" " poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(12, 13));\n" " poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(17, 11));\n" " poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(16, 16));\n" " let formas = vec![\n" " Forma::from(poli),\n" " Forma::from(Circulo::new(Ponto::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" " ];\n" " let perimetros = formas\n" " .iter()\n" " .map(Forma::perimetro)\n" " .map(arredonda_dois_digitos)\n" " .collect::>();\n" " assert_eq!(perimetros, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[allow(dead_code)]\n" "fn main() {}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:117 msgid "" "Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the key " "part of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to modify " "the tests." msgstr "" "Como as assinaturas dos métodos estão faltando nas declarações do problema, " "a parte principal do exercício é especificá-las corretamente. Não é preciso " "modificar os testes." #: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:120 msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:" msgstr "Outras partes interessante do exercício:" #: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:122 msgid "" "Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes " "don't borrow their arguments." msgstr "" "Derive um _trait_ `Copy` para algumas _structs_, já que em testes os métodos " "às vezes não emprestam seus argumentos." #: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:123 msgid "" "Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be addable " "via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3." msgstr "" "Descubra que o trait `Add` deve ser implementado para que dois objetos sejam " "adicionados via \"+\". Note que nós não discutimos _generics_ até o Dia 3." #: src/control-flow.md:3 msgid "" "As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to conditionally " "evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value which then " "becomes the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow expressions " "work similarly in Rust." msgstr "" "Como vimos, `if` é uma expressão em Rust. É usado para avaliar " "condicionalmente um de dois blocos, mas os blocos podem ter um valor que " "então se torna o valor da expressão `if`. Outras expressões de controle de " "fluxo funcionam de forma semelhante em Rust." #: src/control-flow/blocks.md:3 msgid "" "A block in Rust contains a sequence of expressions. Each block has a value " "and a type, which are those of the last expression of the block:" msgstr "" "Um bloco em Rust contêm uma sequência de expressões. Cada bloco tem um valor " "e um tipo, os quais são os da última expressão do bloco:" #: src/control-flow/blocks.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x = {\n" " let y = 10;\n" " println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" " let z = {\n" " let w = {\n" " 3 + 4\n" " };\n" " println!(\"w: {w}\");\n" " y * w\n" " };\n" " println!(\"z: {z}\");\n" " z - y\n" " };\n" " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x = {\n" " let y = 10;\n" " println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" " let z = {\n" " let w = {\n" " 3 + 4\n" " };\n" " println!(\"w: {w}\");\n" " y * w\n" " };\n" " println!(\"z: {z}\");\n" " z - y\n" " };\n" " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/control-flow/blocks.md:26 msgid "" "If the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is " "`()`." msgstr "" "Se a última expressão terminar com `;`, o valor resultante e o tipo será " "`()`." #: src/control-flow/blocks.md:28 msgid "" "The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is the " "return value:" msgstr "" "A mesma regra é usada para funções: o valor do corpo da função é o valor de " "retorno:" #: src/control-flow/blocks.md:31 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n" " x + x\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"doubled: {}\", double(7));\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn dobrar(x: i32) -> i32 {\n" " x + x\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"dobrado: {}\", dobrar(7));\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/control-flow/blocks.md:44 msgid "" "The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in " "Rust. " msgstr "" "O objetivo deste slide é mostrar que os blocos têm um tipo e um valor em " "Rust." #: src/control-flow/blocks.md:45 msgid "" "You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in " "the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`." msgstr "" "Você pode mostrar como o valor do bloco muda alterando a última linha do " "bloco. Por exemplo, adicionar/remover um ponto e vírgula (`;`) ou usar um " "`return`." #: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:1 msgid "`if` expressions" msgstr "Expressões `if`" #: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:3 msgid "" "You use [`if` expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" "if-expr.html#if-expressions) exactly like `if` statements in other languages:" msgstr "" "Você usa [expressões `if` ](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" "if-expr.html#if-expressions) exatamente como declarações `if` em outras " "linguagens:" #: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut x = 10;\n" " if x % 2 == 0 {\n" " x = x / 2;\n" " } else {\n" " x = 3 * x + 1;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut x = 10;\n" " if x % 2 == 0 {\n" " x = x/2;\n" " } else {\n" " x = 3 * x + 1;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:18 msgid "" "In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each " "block becomes the value of the `if` expression:" msgstr "" "Além disso, você pode usá-lo como uma expressão. A última expressão de cada " "bloco se torna o valor da expressão `if`" #: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:22 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut x = 10;\n" " x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" " x / 2\n" " } else {\n" " 3 * x + 1\n" " };\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut x = 10;\n" " x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" " x / 2\n" " } else {\n" " 3 * x + 1\n" " };\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:35 msgid "" "Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its " "branch blocks must have the same type. Consider showing what happens if you " "add `;` after `x / 2` in the second example." msgstr "" "Como `if` é uma expressão e deve ter um tipo específico, ambos os blocos de " "ramificação devem ter o mesmo tipo. Considere mostrar o que acontece se você " "adicionar um `;` depois de `x / 2` no segundo exemplo." #: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:1 msgid "`if let` expressions" msgstr "Expressões `if let`" #: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:3 msgid "" "The [`if let` expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-" "expr.html#if-let-expressions) lets you execute different code depending on " "whether a value matches a pattern:" msgstr "" "A [expressão `if let` ](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-" "expr.html#if-let-expressions) lhe permite que você execute um código " "diferente, dependendo se um valor corresponde a um padrão:" #: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let arg = std::env::args().next();\n" " if let Some(value) = arg {\n" " println!(\"Program name: {value}\");\n" " } else {\n" " println!(\"Missing name?\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let arg = std::env::args().next();\n" " if let Some(valor) = arg {\n" " println!(\"Nome do programa: {valor}\");\n" " } else {\n" " println!(\"Falta o nome?\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:18 #: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:21 #: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:23 msgid "" "See [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) for more details on patterns " "in Rust." msgstr "" "Consulte [correspondência de padrões (_pattern matching_)](../pattern-" "matching.md) para obter mais detalhes sobre padrões em Rust." #: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:23 msgid "" "Unlike `match`, `if let` does not have to cover all branches. This can make " "it more concise than `match`." msgstr "" "Ao contrário de `match`, `if let` não precisa cobrir todas as ramificações. " "Isso pode torná-lo mais conciso do que `match`." #: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:24 msgid "A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`." msgstr "Um uso comum é lidar com valores `Some` ao trabalhar com `Option`." #: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:25 msgid "" "Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching." msgstr "" "Ao contrário de `match`, `if let` não suporta cláusulas de guarda para " "correspondência de padrões." #: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:26 msgid "" "Since 1.65, a similar [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/" "flow_control/let_else.html) construct allows to do a destructuring " "assignment, or if it fails, execute a block which is required to abort " "normal control flow (with `panic`/`return`/`break`/`continue`):" msgstr "" "Desde 1.65, uma construção [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-" "example/flow_control/let_else) semelhante permite fazer uma atribuição de " "desestruturação, ou se falhar, ter um bloco de ramificação sem retorno " "(`panic`/`return`/`break`/`continue`):" #: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:28 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"{:?}\", second_word_to_upper(\"foo bar\"));\n" "}\n" " \n" "fn second_word_to_upper(s: &str) -> Option {\n" " let mut it = s.split(' ');\n" " let (Some(_), Some(item)) = (it.next(), it.next()) else {\n" " return None;\n" " };\n" " Some(item.to_uppercase())\n" "}\n" "\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"{:?}\", segunda_palavra_para_maiusculas(\"foo bar\"));\n" "}\n" " \n" "fn segunda_palavra_para_maiusculas(s: &str) -> Option {\n" " let mut it = s.split(' ');\n" " let (Some(_), Some(item)) = (it.next(), it.next()) else {\n" " return None;\n" " };\n" " Some(item.to_uppercase())\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:1 msgid "`while` loops" msgstr "_Loops_ (Laços) `while`" #: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:3 msgid "" "The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-" "expr.html#predicate-loops) works very similar to other languages:" msgstr "" "A [palavra-chave `while`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" "loop-expr.html#predicate-loops) funciona de maneira muito similar a outras " "linguagens:" #: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut x = 10;\n" " while x != 1 {\n" " x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" " x / 2\n" " } else {\n" " 3 * x + 1\n" " };\n" " }\n" " println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut x = 10;\n" " while x != 1 {\n" " x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" " x / 2\n" " } else {\n" " 3 * x + 1\n" " };\n" " }\n" " println!(\"X final: {x}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:1 msgid "`while let` loops" msgstr "_Loops_ (Laços) `while let`" #: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:3 msgid "" "Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) variant which " "repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:" msgstr "" "Similar a `if let`, há uma variante [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) que testa " "repetidamente se um valor corresponde a um padrão:" #: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" "\n" " while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" "\n" " while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:17 msgid "" "Here the iterator returned by `v.into_iter()` will return a `Option` on " "every call to `next()`. It returns `Some(x)` until it is done, after which " "it will return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through all " "items." msgstr "" "Aqui o iterador retornado por `v.into_iter()` retornará uma `Option` em " "cada chamada para `next()`. Ele retorna `Some(x)` até que seja concluído e, " "em seguida, retorna `None`. O `while let` nos permite continuar iterando " "por todos os itens." #: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:26 msgid "" "Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value " "matches the pattern." msgstr "" "Ressalte que o loop `while let` continuará executando enquanto o valor " "corresponder ao padrão." #: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:27 msgid "" "You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if " "statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `iter.next()`. " "The `while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario." msgstr "" "Você pode reescrever o loop `while let` como um loop infinito com uma " "instrução `if` que é interrompido quando não houver mais nenhum valor para " "desempacotar (_unwrap_) para `iter.next()`. O `while let` fornece um atalho " "para o cenário acima." #: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:1 msgid "`for` loops" msgstr "Loops (Laços) `for`" #: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:3 msgid "" "The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) is closely " "related to the [`while let` loop](while-let-expressions.md). It will " "automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate over it:" msgstr "" "O loop `for` está intimamente relacionado com o [loop `while let`](while-let-" "expressions.md). Ele chamará automaticamente `into_iter()` na expressão e, " "em seguida, iterará sobre ela:" #: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" "\n" " for x in v {\n" " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" " }\n" " \n" " for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n" " println!(\"i: {i}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" "\n" " for x in v {\n" " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" " }\n" " \n" " for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n" " println!(\"i: {i}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:21 msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual." msgstr "Aqui você pode usar `break` e `continue` como de costume." #: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:25 msgid "Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case." msgstr "" "A iteração de índice não é uma sintaxe especial no Rust apenas para esse " "caso." #: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:26 msgid "`(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. " msgstr "`(0..10)` é um _range_ (intervalo) que implementa um trait `Iterator`." #: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:27 msgid "" "`step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every other " "element. " msgstr "" "`step_by` é um método que retorna outro `Iterator` que pula outros elementos " "alternadamente." #: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:28 msgid "" "Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change " "vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`." msgstr "" "Modifique os elementos no vetor e explique os erros de compilação. Altere o " "vetor `v` para ser mutável e o loop `for` para `for x in v.iter_mut()`." #: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:1 msgid "`loop` expressions" msgstr "Expressões `loop`" #: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:3 msgid "" "Finally, there is a [`loop` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/" "expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) which creates an endless loop." msgstr "" "Finalmente, há uma [palavra-chave `loop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) que cria um loop " "infinito." #: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:6 msgid "Here you must either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:" msgstr "Aqui você deve usar `break` ou `return` para parar o loop:" #: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:8 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut x = 10;\n" " loop {\n" " x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" " x / 2\n" " } else {\n" " 3 * x + 1\n" " };\n" " if x == 1 {\n" " break;\n" " }\n" " }\n" " println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut x = 10;\n" " loop {\n" " x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" " x / 2\n" " } else {\n" " 3 * x + 1\n" " };\n" " if x == 1 {\n" " break;\n" " }\n" " }\n" " println!(\"X final: {x}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:27 msgid "Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out." msgstr "Interrompa o `loop` com um valor (por exemplo, `break 8`) e imprima-o." #: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:28 msgid "" "Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which returns a non-trivial " "value. This is because it's guaranteed to be entered at least once (unlike " "`while` and `for` loops)." msgstr "" "Observe que `loop` é a única construção de loop que retorna um valor não " "trivial . Isso ocorre porque é garantido que ele será executado pelo menos " "uma vez (diferente de loops `while` e `for`)." #: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:1 msgid "`match` expressions" msgstr "Expressões `match` (Correspondência)" #: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:3 msgid "" "The [`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/match-" "expr.html) is used to match a value against one or more patterns. In that " "sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:" msgstr "" "A [palavra-chave `match`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" "match-expr.html) é usada para corresponder um valor a um ou mais padrões. " "Nesse sentido, funciona como uma série de expressões `if let`:" #: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n" " Some(\"cat\") => println!(\"Will do cat things\"),\n" " Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Will ls some files\"),\n" " Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Let's move some files\"),\n" " Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, dangerous!\"),\n" " None => println!(\"Hmm, no program name?\"),\n" " _ => println!(\"Unknown program name!\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n" " Some(\"gato\") => println!(\"Vai fazer coisas de gato\"),\n" " Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Vou ls alguns arquivos\"),\n" " Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Vamos mover alguns arquivos\"),\n" " Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, perigoso!\"),\n" " None => println!(\"Hmm, nenhum nome de programa?\"),\n" " _ => println!(\"Nome de programa desconhecido!\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:20 msgid "" "Like `if let`, each match arm must have the same type. The type is the last " "expression of the block, if any. In the example above, the type is `()`." msgstr "" "Assim como `if let`, cada braço de correspondência deve ter o mesmo tipo. O " "tipo é a última expressão do bloco, se houver. No exemplo acima, o tipo é " "`()`." #: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:28 msgid "Save the match expression to a variable and print it out." msgstr "" "Salve o resultado de uma expressão de correspondência `match` em uma " "variável e imprima-a." #: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:29 msgid "Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error." msgstr "Remova `.as_deref()` e explique o erro gerado." #: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:30 msgid "" "`std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option`, but we cannot match " "against `String`." msgstr "" "`std::env::Args().next()` retorna um `Option<&String>`, porém `match` não " "funciona com o tipo `String`." #: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:31 msgid "" "`as_deref()` transforms an `Option` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our case, " "this turns `Option` into `Option<&str>`." msgstr "" "`as_deref()` transforma um `Option` em `Option<&T::Target>`. Em nosso " "caso, isso transforma um `Option` em `Option<&str>`." #: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:32 msgid "" "We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside `Option`." msgstr "" "Agora podemos usar a correspondência de padrões em um `&str` dentro de " "`Option`." #: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:1 msgid "`break` and `continue`" msgstr "`break` e `continue`" #: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:3 msgid "" "If you want to exit a loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions)," msgstr "" "Se você quiser sair de um loop cedo, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions)," #: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:4 msgid "" "If you want to immediately start the next iteration use [`continue`](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)." msgstr "" "Se você quiser iniciar imediatamente a próxima iteração use [`continue`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-" "expressions)." #: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:7 msgid "" "Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is " "used to break out of nested loops:" msgstr "" "Ambos `continue` e `break` podem opcionalmente receber um _label_ (rótulo) " "como argumento que é usado para sair de loops aninhados:" #: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:10 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" " 'outer: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" " let mut i = 0;\n" " while i < x {\n" " println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n" " i += 1;\n" " if i == 3 {\n" " break 'outer;\n" " }\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" " 'laco_externo: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" " let mut i = 0;\n" " while i < x {\n" " println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n" " i += 1;\n" " if i == 3 {\n" " break 'laco_externo;\n" " }\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:28 msgid "" "In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop." msgstr "Neste caso, paramos o loop externo após 3 iterações do loop interno." #: src/std.md:3 msgid "" "Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common " "types used by Rust library and programs. This way, two libraries can work " "together smoothly because they both use the same `String` type." msgstr "" "Rust vem com uma biblioteca padrão (_standard library_) que ajuda a " "estabelecer um conjunto de tipos comuns usados por bibliotecas e programas " "Rust. Dessa forma, duas bibliotecas podem trabalhar juntas sem problemas " "porque ambas usam o mesmo tipo `String`." #: src/std.md:7 msgid "The common vocabulary types include:" msgstr "Os tipos de vocabulário comuns incluem:" #: src/std.md:9 msgid "" "[`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional " "values and [error handling](error-handling.md)." msgstr "" "[`Option` e `Result`](std/option-result.md): tipos usados para valores " "opcionais e [tratamento de erro](error-handling.md)." #: src/std.md:12 msgid "[`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data." msgstr "" "[`String`](std/string.md): o tipo de string padrão usado para dados _owned_." #: src/std.md:14 msgid "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector." msgstr "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): um vetor extensível padrão." #: src/std.md:16 msgid "" "[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing " "algorithm." msgstr "" "[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): um tipo de mapa de hash com um algoritmo de " "hash configurável." #: src/std.md:19 msgid "[`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data." msgstr "[`Box`](std/box.md): um ponteiro _owned_ para dados alocados em heap." #: src/std.md:21 msgid "" "[`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated " "data." msgstr "" "[`Rc`](std/rc.md): um ponteiro de contagem de referência compartilhado para " "dados alocados em heap." #: src/std.md:25 msgid "" "In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, " "`alloc` and `std`. " msgstr "" "Na verdade, o Rust contém várias camadas de Biblioteca Padrão: `core`, " "`alloc` e `std`. " #: src/std.md:26 msgid "" "`core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on " "`libc`, allocator or even the presence of an operating system. " msgstr "" "`core` inclui os tipos e funções mais básicos que não dependem de `libc`, " "alocador ou até mesmo a presença de um sistema operacional. " #: src/std.md:28 msgid "" "`alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, " "`Box` and `Arc`." msgstr "" "`alloc` inclui tipos que requerem um alocador de heap global, como `Vec`, " "`Box` e `Arc`." #: src/std.md:29 msgid "" "Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`." msgstr "" "Os aplicativos Rust embarcados geralmente usam apenas `core` e, às vezes, " "`alloc`." #: src/std/option-result.md:1 msgid "`Option` and `Result`" msgstr "`Option` e `Result`" #: src/std/option-result.md:3 msgid "The types represent optional data:" msgstr "Os tipos representam dados opcionais:" #: src/std/option-result.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n" " println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n" "\n" " let idx: Result = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n" " println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let numeros = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " let primeiro: Option<&i8> = numeros.first();\n" " println!(\"primeiro: {primeiro:?}\");\n" "\n" " let ind: Result = numeros.binary_search(&10);\n" " println!(\"ind: {ind:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/std/option-result.md:18 msgid "`Option` and `Result` are widely used not just in the standard library." msgstr "" "`Option` e `Result` são amplamente usados não apenas na biblioteca padrão." #: src/std/option-result.md:19 msgid "`Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`." msgstr "" "`Option<&T>` não tem nenhum custo adicional de espaço em comparação com `&T`." #: src/std/option-result.md:20 msgid "" "`Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on " "Day 3." msgstr "" "`Result` é o tipo padrão para implementar tratamento de erros, como veremos " "no Dia 3." #: src/std/option-result.md:21 msgid "`binary_search` returns `Result`." msgstr "`binary_search` retorna `Result`." #: src/std/option-result.md:22 msgid "If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found." msgstr "" "Se encontrado, `Result::Ok` contém o índice onde o elemento foi encontrado." #: src/std/option-result.md:23 msgid "" "Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should be " "inserted." msgstr "" "Caso contrário, `Result::Err` contém o índice onde tal elemento deve ser " "inserido." #: src/std/string.md:3 msgid "" "[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) is the " "standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:" msgstr "" "[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) é o " "buffer padrão de cadeia de caracteres UTF-8 expansível e alocado no heap:" #: src/std/string.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut s1 = String::new();\n" " s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n" " println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n" "\n" " let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n" " s2.push_str(&s1);\n" " s2.push('!');\n" " println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n" "\n" " let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n" " println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n" " s3.chars().count());\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut s1 = String::new();\n" " s1.push_str(\"Olá\");\n" " println!(\"s1: tam = {}, capacidade = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n" "\n" " let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n" " s2.push_str(&s1);\n" " s2.push('!');\n" " println!(\"s2: tam = {}, capacidade = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n" "\n" " let s3 = String::from(\"🇧🇷\");\n" " println!(\"s3: tam = {}, número de caracteres = {}\", s3.len(),\n" " s3.chars().count());\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/std/string.md:22 msgid "" "`String` implements [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), which means that you can call " "all `str` methods on a `String`." msgstr "" "`String` implementa [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), o que significa que você pode " "chamar todos os métodos de `str` em uma `String`." #: src/std/string.md:30 msgid "" "`String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when " "you know how much data you want to push to the string." msgstr "" "`String::new` retorna uma nova string vazia, use `String::with_capacity` " "quando você sabe a quantidade de dados que você deseja colocar na string." #: src/std/string.md:31 msgid "" "`String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be " "different from its length in characters)." msgstr "" "`String::len` retorna o tamanho da `String` em bytes (que pode ser diferente " "de seu comprimento em caracteres)." #: src/std/string.md:32 msgid "" "`String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a " "`char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" due " "to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/" "unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)." msgstr "" "`String::chars` retorna um iterador com os caracteres de fato. Observe que " "um `char` pode ser diferente do que um humano considerará um \"caracter\" " "devido a [agrupamentos de grafemas (_grapheme clusters_)](https://docs.rs/" "unicode-segmentation/latest/unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)." #: src/std/string.md:33 msgid "" "When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or " "`String`." msgstr "" "Quando as pessoas se referem a strings, elas podem estar falando sobre " "`&str` ou `String`." #: src/std/string.md:34 msgid "" "When a type implements `Deref`, the compiler will let you " "transparently call methods from `T`." msgstr "" "Quando um tipo implementa `Deref`, o compilador permitirá que " "você transparentemente chame métodos de `T`." #: src/std/string.md:35 msgid "" "`String` implements `Deref` which transparently gives it " "access to `str`'s methods." msgstr "" "`String` implementa `Deref` que, de forma transparente, dá " "acesso aos métodos de `str`." #: src/std/string.md:36 msgid "Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1`;." msgstr "Escreva e compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` e `let s3 = &*s1;`." #: src/std/string.md:37 msgid "" "`String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the " "operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but " "with some extra guarantees." msgstr "" "`String` é implementado como um wrapper em torno de um vetor de bytes, " "muitas das operações que você vê suportados em vetores também são suportadas " "em `String`, mas com algumas garantias extras." #: src/std/string.md:38 msgid "Compare the different ways to index a `String`:" msgstr "Compare as diferentes formas de indexar uma `String`:" #: src/std/string.md:39 msgid "" "To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, " "out-of-bounds." msgstr "" "Para um caracter usando `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` onde `i` está dentro " "dos limites, fora dos limites." #: src/std/string.md:40 msgid "" "To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character " "boundaries or not." msgstr "" "Para uma substring usando `s3[0..4]`, onde essa _slice_ está nos limites dos " "caracteres ou não." #: src/std/vec.md:1 msgid "`Vec`" msgstr "`Vec`" #: src/std/vec.md:3 msgid "" "[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) is the standard " "resizable heap-allocated buffer:" msgstr "" "[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) é o buffer padrão " "redimensionável alocado no heap:" #: src/std/vec.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n" " v1.push(42);\n" " println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());\n" "\n" " let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n" " v2.extend(v1.iter());\n" " v2.push(9999);\n" " println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n" "\n" " // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n" " let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n" "\n" " // Retain only the even elements.\n" " v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n" " println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" "\n" " // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n" " v3.dedup();\n" " println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n" " v1.push(42);\n" " println!(\"v1: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", v1.len(), v1." "capacity());\n" "\n" " let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n" " v2.extend(v1.iter());\n" " v2.push(9999);\n" " println!(\"v2: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", v2.len(), v2." "capacity());\n" "\n" " // Macro canônica para inicializar um vetor com elementos.\n" " let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n" "\n" " // Mantém apenas os elementos pares.\n" " v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n" " println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" "\n" " // Remove duplicatas consecutivas.\n" " v3.dedup();\n" " println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/std/vec.md:29 msgid "" "`Vec` implements [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/" "struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), which means that you can call slice " "methods on a `Vec`." msgstr "" "`Vec` implementa [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/" "struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), o que significa que você pode chamar " "métodos de _slice_ em um `Vec`." #: src/std/vec.md:37 msgid "" "`Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data " "it contains is stored on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't " "need to be known at compile time. It can grow or shrink at runtime." msgstr "" "`Vec` é um tipo de coleção, como `String` e `HashMap`. Os dados que ele " "contém são armazenados no heap. Isso significa que a quantidade de dados não " "precisa ser conhecida em tempo de compilação. Ela pode crescer ou encolher " "em tempo de execução." #: src/std/vec.md:40 msgid "" "Notice how `Vec` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` " "explicitly. As always with Rust type inference, the `T` was established " "during the first `push` call." msgstr "" "Observe como `Vec` também é um tipo genérico, mas você não precisa " "especificar `T` explicitamente. Como sempre, com a inferência de tipos do " "Rust, `T` foi estabelecido durante a primeira chamada de `push`." #: src/std/vec.md:42 msgid "" "`vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it " "supports adding initial elements to the vector." msgstr "" "`vec![...]` é uma macro canônica para usar em vez de `Vec::new()` e suporta " "a adição de elementos iniciais ao vetor." #: src/std/vec.md:44 msgid "" "To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. " "Alternatively, using `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will " "remove the last element." msgstr "" "Para indexar o vetor, você usa `[` `]`, mas uma exceção do tipo _pânico_ " "(`panic`) será gerada se o índice estiver fora dos limites. " "Alternativamente, usando `get` você obterá um `Option`. A função `pop` " "removerá o último elemento." #: src/std/vec.md:46 msgid "" "Show iterating over a vector and mutating the value: `for e in &mut v { *e " "+= 50; }`" msgstr "" "Mostre uma iteração sobre um vetor e alterando o valor: `for e in &mut v " "{ *e += 50; }`" #: src/std/hashmap.md:1 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:46 msgid "`HashMap`" msgstr "`HashMap`" #: src/std/hashmap.md:3 msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:" msgstr "" "_Hash map_ (Mapa de _hash_) padrão com proteção contra ataques _HashDoS_:" #: src/std/hashmap.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::collections::HashMap;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n" " page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), " "207);\n" " page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n" " page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n" "\n" " if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n" " println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n" " page_counts.len());\n" " }\n" "\n" " for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in " "Wonderland\"] {\n" " match page_counts.get(book) {\n" " Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n" " None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n" " for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in " "Wonderland\"] {\n" " let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string())." "or_insert(0);\n" " *page_count += 1;\n" " }\n" "\n" " println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::collections::HashMap;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut contadores_paginas = HashMap::new();\n" " contadores_paginas.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\"." "to_string(), 207);\n" " contadores_paginas.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n" " contadores_paginas.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n" "\n" " if !contadores_paginas.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n" " println!(\"Nós sabemos sobre livros {}, mas não Les Misérables.\",\n" " contadores_paginas.len());\n" " }\n" "\n" " for livro in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in " "Wonderland\"] {\n" " match contadores_paginas.get(livro) {\n" " Some(paginas) => println!(\"{livro}: {paginas} páginas\"),\n" " None => println!(\"{livro} é desconhecido.\")\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " // Use o método .entry() para inserir um valor caso nada seja " "encontrado.\n" " for livro in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in " "Wonderland\"] {\n" " let contador_paginas: &mut i32 = contadores_paginas.entry(livro." "to_string()).or_insert(0);\n" " *contador_paginas += 1;\n" " }\n" "\n" " println!(\"{contadores_paginas:#?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/std/hashmap.md:38 msgid "" "`HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope." msgstr "" "`HashMap` não está definido no prelúdio e precisa ser incluído no escopo." #: src/std/hashmap.md:39 msgid "" "Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the " "hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will insert " "the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found." msgstr "" "Tente as seguintes linhas de código. A primeira linha verá se um livro está " "no hash map e, caso não esteja, retorna um valor alternativo. A segunda " "linha irá inserir o valor alternativo no hash map se o livro não for " "encontrado." #: src/std/hashmap.md:41 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" " let pc1 = page_counts\n" " .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n" " .unwrap_or(&336);\n" " let pc2 = page_counts\n" " .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n" " .or_insert(374);\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" " let pc1 = contadores_paginas\n" " .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n" " .unwrap_or(&336);\n" " let pc2 = contadores_paginas\n" " .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n" " .or_insert(374);\n" "```" #: src/std/hashmap.md:49 msgid "Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro." msgstr "" "Ao contrário de `vec!`, infelizmente não existe uma macro `hashmap!` padrão." #: src/std/hashmap.md:50 msgid "" "Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-" "From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), which allows " "us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:" msgstr "" "Entretanto, desde o Rust 1.56, o HashMap implementa [`From<[(K, V); N]>`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-" "From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), o que nos " "permite inicializar facilmente um hash map a partir de uma matriz literal:" #: src/std/hashmap.md:52 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" " let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n" " (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n" " (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n" " ]);\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" " let contadores_paginas = HashMap::from([\n" " (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n" " (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n" " ]);\n" "```" #: src/std/hashmap.md:59 msgid "" "Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-" "value tuples." msgstr "" "Alternativamente, o HashMap pode ser construído a partir de qualquer " "`Iterator` que produz tuplas de chave-valor." #: src/std/hashmap.md:60 msgid "" "We are showing `HashMap`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make " "examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be done, " "but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker." msgstr "" "Estamos mostrando `HashMap`, e evite usar `&str` como chave " "para facilitar os exemplos. É claro que o uso de referências em coleções " "pode ser feito, mas isto pode levar a complicações com o verificador de " "empréstimos." #: src/std/hashmap.md:62 msgid "" "Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still " "compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?" msgstr "" "Tente remover `to_string()` do exemplo acima e veja se ele ainda compila. " "Onde você acha que podemos ter problemas?" #: src/std/hashmap.md:64 msgid "" "This type has several \"method-specific\" return types, such as `std::" "collections::hash_map::Keys`. These types often appear in searches of the " "Rust docs. Show students the docs for this type, and the helpful link back " "to the `keys` method." msgstr "" #: src/std/box.md:1 msgid "`Box`" msgstr "`Box`" #: src/std/box.md:3 msgid "" "[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) is an owned " "pointer to data on the heap:" msgstr "" "[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) é um ponteiro " "_owned_ para dados no heap:" #: src/std/box.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let five = Box::new(5);\n" " println!(\"five: {}\", *five);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let cinco = Box::new(5);\n" " println!(\"cinco: {}\", *cinco);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/std/box.md:13 msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": five : : :\n" ": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" ": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n" ": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" ": : : :\n" ": : : :\n" "`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n" "```" msgstr "" "```bob\n" " Pilha Heap\n" ".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": cinco : : :\n" ": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" ": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n" ": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" ": : : :\n" ": : : :\n" "`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n" "```" #: src/std/box.md:26 msgid "" "`Box` implements `Deref`, which means that you can [call " "methods from `T` directly on a `Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/" "trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)." msgstr "" "`Box` implementa `Deref`, o que significa que você pode " "[chamar métodos de `T` diretamente em um `Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)." #: src/std/box.md:34 msgid "" "`Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be " "not null. " msgstr "" "`Box` é parecido com `std::unique_ptr` em C++, exceto que ele é " "garantidamente não nulo." #: src/std/box.md:35 msgid "" "In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` " "statement thanks to `Deref`. " msgstr "" "No exemplo acima, você pode até remover o `*` na instrução `println!` graças " "ao `Deref`. " #: src/std/box.md:36 msgid "A `Box` can be useful when you:" msgstr "Uma `Box` é útil quando você:" #: src/std/box.md:37 msgid "" "have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust " "compiler wants to know an exact size." msgstr "" "Tem um tipo cujo tamanho não está disponível em tempo de compilação, mas o " "compilador Rust precisa saber o tamanho exato." #: src/std/box.md:38 msgid "" "want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large " "amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` " "so only the pointer is moved." msgstr "" "Precisa transferir o _ownership_ de um grande volume de dados. Ao invés de " "copiar grandes volumes de dados na pilha, eles são armazenados usando uma " "`Box` no _heap_ e apenas o ponteiro é movido." #: src/std/box-recursive.md:1 msgid "Box with Recursive Data Structures" msgstr "`Box` com Estruturas de Dados Recursivas" #: src/std/box-recursive.md:3 msgid "" "Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:" msgstr "" "Tipos de dados recursivos ou tipos de dados com tamanhos dinâmicos precisam " "usar uma `Box`:" #: src/std/box-recursive.md:5 src/std/box-niche.md:3 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "enum List {\n" " Cons(T, Box>),\n" " Nil,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let list: List = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::" "new(List::Nil))));\n" " println!(\"{list:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "enum List {\n" " Cons(T, Box>),\n" " Nil,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let lista: List = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::" "new(List::Nil))));\n" " println!(\"{lista:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/std/box-recursive.md:18 msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "- -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": " "list : : :\n" ": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----" "+ :\n" ": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // " "| :\n" ": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----" "+ :\n" ": : : :\n" ": : : :\n" "'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "- -'\n" "```" msgstr "" "```bob\n" " Pilha Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "- -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": " "lista : : :\n" ": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----" "+ :\n" ": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // " "| :\n" ": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----" "+ :\n" ": : : :\n" ": : : :\n" "'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "- -'\n" "```" #: src/std/box-recursive.md:33 msgid "" "If `Box` was not used and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the " "`List`, the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory " "(`List` would be of infinite size)." msgstr "" "Se a `Box` não for usada e tentarmos incorporar uma `List` diretamente na " "`List`, o compilador não conseguiria calcular um tamanho fixo da _struct_ na " "memória (`List` teria tamanho infinito) ." #: src/std/box-recursive.md:36 msgid "" "`Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and " "just points at the next element of the `List` in the heap." msgstr "" "`Box` resolve esse problema, pois tem o mesmo tamanho de um ponteiro normal " "e apenas aponta para o próximo elemento da `List` no _heap_." #: src/std/box-recursive.md:39 msgid "" "Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. " "\"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or " "reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly." msgstr "" "Remova o `Box` na definição de `List` e mostre o erro de compilação. " "\"Recursive with indirection\" (recursivo com indireção) é uma dica para que " "você talvez queira usar uma `Box` ou referência de alguma forma, ao invés de " "armazenar um valor diretamente." #: src/std/box-niche.md:16 msgid "" "A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This " "allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:" msgstr "" "Uma `Box` não pode estar vazia, portanto o ponteiro é sempre válido e não " "nulo (`null`). Isto permite que o compilador otimize o layout da memória:" #: src/std/box-niche.md:19 msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "-.\n" ": : : :\n" ": " "list : : :\n" ": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------" "+ :\n" ": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null " "| :\n" ": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------" "+ :\n" ": : : :\n" ": : : :\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "-'\n" "```" msgstr "" "```bob\n" " Pilha Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "-.\n" ": : : :\n" ": " "lista : : :\n" ": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------" "+ :\n" ": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null " "| :\n" ": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------" "+ :\n" ": : : :\n" ": : : :\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "-'\n" "```" #: src/std/rc.md:1 msgid "`Rc`" msgstr "`Rc`" #: src/std/rc.md:3 msgid "" "[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) is a reference-" "counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer to the same data " "from multiple places:" msgstr "" "[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) é um ponteiro " "compartilhado com contagem de referência. Use-o quando precisar consultar os " "mesmos dados a partir de vários locais:" #: src/std/rc.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::rc::Rc;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n" " let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n" "\n" " println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" " println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::rc::Rc;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n" " let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n" "\n" " println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" " println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/std/rc.md:18 msgid "" "See [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) and [`Mutex`](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) if you are in a multi-threaded " "context." msgstr "" "Veja [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) e [`Mutex`](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) se você estiver em um contexto " "multi-thread." #: src/std/rc.md:19 msgid "" "You can _downgrade_ a shared pointer into a [`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang." "org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) pointer to create cycles that will get dropped." msgstr "" "Você pode demover (_downgrade_) um ponteiro compartilhado para um ponteiro " "[`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) (fraco) para " "criar ciclos que serão descartados." #: src/std/rc.md:29 msgid "" "`Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there " "are references." msgstr "" "O contador do `Rc` garante que os seus valores contidos sejam válidos " "enquanto houver referências." #: src/std/rc.md:30 msgid "`Rc` in Rust is like `std::shared_ptr` in C++." msgstr "`Rc` em Rust é como `std::shared_ptr` em C++." #: src/std/rc.md:31 msgid "" "`Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and " "increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally " "be ignored when looking for performance issues in code." msgstr "" "`Rc::clone` é barato: ele cria um ponteiro para a mesma alocação e aumenta a " "contagem de referência. Ele não faz um \"clone profundo\" (_deep clone_) e " "geralmente pode ser ignorado ao procurar problemas de desempenho no código." #: src/std/rc.md:32 msgid "" "`make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") " "and returns a mutable reference." msgstr "" "`make_mut` realmente clona o valor interno se necessário (\"_clone-on-" "write_\") e retorna uma referência mutável." #: src/std/rc.md:33 msgid "Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count." msgstr "Use `Rc::strong_count` para verificar a contagem de referência." #: src/std/rc.md:34 msgid "" "`Rc::downgrade` gives you a _weakly reference-counted_ object to create " "cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with `RefCell`, " "on the next slide)." msgstr "" "`Rc::downgrade` lhe fornece um objeto _contador de referências_ " "\"fraco\" (weak)_ para criar ciclos que podem ser apropriadamente " "descartados (provavelmente combinados com `RefCell`, no próximo slide)." #: src/std/cell.md:1 msgid "`Cell` and `RefCell`" msgstr "`Cell` e `RefCell`" #: src/std/cell.md:3 msgid "" "[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) and [`RefCell`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) implement what Rust " "calls _interior mutability:_ mutation of values in an immutable context." msgstr "" "[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) e [`RefCell`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) implementam o que " "Rust chama de _mutabilidade interior:_ mutação de valores em um contexto " "imutável." #: src/std/cell.md:8 msgid "" "`Cell` is typically used for simple types, as it requires copying or moving " "values. More complex interior types typically use `RefCell`, which tracks " "shared and exclusive references at runtime and panics if they are misused." msgstr "" "`Cell` é normalmente usado para tipos simples, pois requer copiar ou mover " "valores. Tipos interiores mais complexos normalmente usam `RefCell`, que " "rastreia referências compartilhadas e exclusivas em tempo de execução e " "retorna um pânico (_panic_) se forem mal utilizadas." #: src/std/cell.md:12 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::cell::RefCell;\n" "use std::rc::Rc;\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" "struct Node {\n" " value: i64,\n" " children: Vec>>,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Node {\n" " fn new(value: i64) -> Rc> {\n" " Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node { value, ..Node::default() }))\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn sum(&self) -> i64 {\n" " self.value + self.children.iter().map(|c| c.borrow().sum()).sum::" "()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let root = Node::new(1);\n" " root.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(5));\n" " let subtree = Node::new(10);\n" " subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(11));\n" " subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(12));\n" " root.borrow_mut().children.push(subtree);\n" "\n" " println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" " println!(\"graph sum: {}\", root.borrow().sum());\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::cell::RefCell;\n" "use std::rc::Rc;\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" "struct Node {\n" " value: i64,\n" " children: Vec>>,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Node {\n" " fn new(value: i64) -> Rc> {\n" " Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node { value, ..Node::default() }))\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn sum(&self) -> i64 {\n" " self.value + self.children.iter().map(|c| c.borrow().sum()).sum::" "()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let root = Node::new(1);\n" " root.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(5));\n" " let subtree = Node::new(10);\n" " subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(11));\n" " subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(12));\n" " root.borrow_mut().children.push(subtree);\n" "\n" " println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" " println!(\"graph sum: {}\", root.borrow().sum());\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/std/cell.md:47 msgid "" "If we were using `Cell` instead of `RefCell` in this example, we would have " "to move the `Node` out of the `Rc` to push children, then move it back in. " "This is safe because there's always one, un-referenced value in the cell, " "but it's not ergonomic." msgstr "" "Se estivéssemos usando `Cell` em vez de `RefCell` neste exemplo, teríamos " "que mover o `Node` para fora do `Rc` para enviar os filhos e, em seguida, " "movê-lo de volta. Isso é seguro porque sempre há um, valor não referenciado " "em `cell`, mas não é ergonômico." #: src/std/cell.md:48 msgid "" "To do anything with a Node, you must call a `RefCell` method, usually " "`borrow` or `borrow_mut`." msgstr "" "Para fazer qualquer coisa com um Node, você deve chamar um método `RefCell`, " "geralmente `borrow` ou `borrow_mut`." #: src/std/cell.md:49 msgid "" "Demonstrate that reference loops can be created by adding `root` to `subtree." "children` (don't try to print it!)." msgstr "" "Demonstre que loops de referência podem ser criados adicionando `root` a " "`subtree.children` (não tente imprimi-lo!)." #: src/std/cell.md:50 msgid "" "To demonstrate a runtime panic, add a `fn inc(&mut self)` that increments " "`self.value` and calls the same method on its children. This will panic in " "the presence of the reference loop, with `thread 'main' panicked at 'already " "borrowed: BorrowMutError'`." msgstr "" "Para demonstrar um pânico em tempo de execução, adicione um `fn inc(&mut " "self)` que incrementa `self.value` e chama o mesmo método em seus filhos. " "Isso criará um pânico na presença do loop de referência, com `thread 'main' " "em pânico no 'já emprestado: BorrowMutError'`." #: src/modules.md:3 msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type." msgstr "" "Vimos como os blocos `impl` nos permitem usar _namespaces_ (espaços de " "nomes) de funções para um tipo." #: src/modules.md:5 msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:" msgstr "" "Da mesma forma, `mod` nos permite usar _namespaces_ de tipos e funções:" #: src/modules.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "mod foo {\n" " pub fn do_something() {\n" " println!(\"In the foo module\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "mod bar {\n" " pub fn do_something() {\n" " println!(\"In the bar module\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " foo::do_something();\n" " bar::do_something();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "mod foo {\n" " pub fn faz_algo() {\n" " println!(\"No módulo foo\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "mod bar {\n" " pub fn faz_algo() {\n" " println!(\"No módulo bar\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " foo::faz_algo();\n" " bar::faz_algo();\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/modules.md:28 msgid "" "Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that " "describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates." msgstr "" "Pacotes (_packages_) fornecem funcionalidades e incluem um arquivo `Cargo." "toml` que descreve como gerar um pacote com um ou mais _crates_." #: src/modules.md:29 msgid "" "Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and " "a library crate compiles to a library." msgstr "" "_Crates_ são arvores de módulos, onde um _crate_ binário cria um executável " "e um _crate_ de biblioteca é compilado em uma biblioteca." #: src/modules.md:30 msgid "Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section." msgstr "Módulos definem organização, escopo e são o foco desta seção." #: src/modules/visibility.md:3 msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:" msgstr "Módulos são limitadores de privacidade:" #: src/modules/visibility.md:5 msgid "Module items are private by default (hides implementation details)." msgstr "" "Itens do módulo são privados por padrão (ocultam detalhes de implementação)." #: src/modules/visibility.md:6 msgid "Parent and sibling items are always visible." msgstr "Itens paternos e fraternos são sempre visíveis." #: src/modules/visibility.md:7 msgid "" "In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all " "the descendants of `foo`." msgstr "" "Em outras palavras, se um item é visível no módulo `foo`, ele é visível em " "todos os descendentes de `foo`." #: src/modules/visibility.md:10 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "mod outer {\n" " fn private() {\n" " println!(\"outer::private\");\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn public() {\n" " println!(\"outer::public\");\n" " }\n" "\n" " mod inner {\n" " fn private() {\n" " println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn public() {\n" " println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n" " super::private();\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " outer::public();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "mod externo {\n" " fn privado() {\n" " println!(\"externo::privado\");\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn publico() {\n" " println!(\"externo::publico\");\n" " }\n" "\n" " mod interno {\n" " fn privado() {\n" " println!(\"externo::interno::privado\");\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn publico() {\n" " println!(\"externo::interno::publico\");\n" " super::privado();\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " externo::publico();\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/modules/visibility.md:39 msgid "Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public." msgstr "Use a palavra reservada `pub` para tornar módulos públicos." #: src/modules/visibility.md:41 msgid "" "Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope " "of public visibility." msgstr "" "Adicionamente, existem especificadores `pub(...)` avançados para restringir " "o escopo de visibilidade pública." #: src/modules/visibility.md:43 msgid "" "See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-" "privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)." msgstr "" "Veja a [Referência Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-" "privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)." #: src/modules/visibility.md:44 msgid "Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern." msgstr "A configuração de visibilidade `pub(crate)` é um padrão comum." #: src/modules/visibility.md:45 msgid "Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path." msgstr "Menos comum, você pode dar visibilidade para um caminho específico." #: src/modules/visibility.md:46 msgid "" "In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of " "its descendants)." msgstr "" "Em todo caso, a visibilidade deve ser concedida a um módulo ancestral (e a " "todos os seus descendentes)." #: src/modules/paths.md:3 msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:" msgstr "Caminhos são resolvidos da seguinte forma:" #: src/modules/paths.md:5 msgid "As a relative path:" msgstr "Como um caminho relativo:" #: src/modules/paths.md:6 msgid "`foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module," msgstr "`foo` ou `self::foo` referem-se à `foo` no módulo atual," #: src/modules/paths.md:7 msgid "`super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module." msgstr "`super::foo` refere-se à `foo` no módulo pai." #: src/modules/paths.md:9 msgid "As an absolute path:" msgstr "Como um caminho absoluto:" #: src/modules/paths.md:10 msgid "`crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate," msgstr "`crate::foo` refere-se à `foo` na raiz do _crate_ atual," #: src/modules/paths.md:11 msgid "`bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate." msgstr "`bar::foo` refere-se a `foo` no _crate_ `bar`." #: src/modules/paths.md:13 msgid "" "A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`. You " "will typically see something like this at the top of each module:" msgstr "" "Um módulo pode trazer símbolos de outro módulo para o escopo com `use`. " "Normalmente, você verá algo assim na parte superior de cada módulo:" #: src/modules/paths.md:16 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::collections::HashSet;\n" "use std::mem::transmute;\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::collections::HashSet;\n" "use std::mem::transmute;\n" "```" #: src/modules/filesystem.md:3 msgid "" "Omitting the module content will tell Rust to look for it in another file:" msgstr "" "Omitir o conteúdo do módulo dirá ao Rust para procurá-lo em outro arquivo:" #: src/modules/filesystem.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "mod garden;\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "mod jardim;\n" "```" #: src/modules/filesystem.md:9 msgid "" "This tells rust that the `garden` module content is found at `src/garden." "rs`. Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at `src/garden/" "vegetables.rs`." msgstr "" "Isso diz ao Rust que o conteúdo do módulo `jardim` pode ser encontrado em " "`src/jardim.rs`. Similarmente, um módulo `jardim::vegetais` pode ser " "encontrado em `src/jardim/vegetais.rs`." #: src/modules/filesystem.md:12 msgid "The `crate` root is in:" msgstr "A raiz `crate` está em:" #: src/modules/filesystem.md:14 msgid "`src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)" msgstr "`src/lib.rs` (para um _crate_ de biblioteca)" #: src/modules/filesystem.md:15 msgid "`src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)" msgstr "`src/main.rs` (para um _crate_ binário)" #: src/modules/filesystem.md:17 msgid "" "Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc " "comments\". These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a " "module." msgstr "" "Módulos definidos em arquivos também podem ser documentados usando " "\"comentários internos de documento\" (_inner doc comments_). Estes " "documentam o item que os contém - neste caso, um módulo." #: src/modules/filesystem.md:20 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant " "germination\n" "//! implementation.\n" "\n" "// Re-export types from this module.\n" "pub use seeds::SeedPacket;\n" "pub use garden::Garden;\n" "\n" "/// Sow the given seed packets.\n" "pub fn sow(seeds: Vec) { todo!() }\n" "\n" "/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n" "pub fn harvest(garden: &mut Garden) { todo!() }\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "//! Este módulo implementa o jardim, incluindo uma implementação de " "germinação\n" "//! de alto desempenho.\n" "\n" "// Re-exporta tipos deste módulo.\n" "pub use sementes::SementePacote;\n" "pub use jardim::Jardim;\n" "\n" "/// Semeia os pacotes de semente fornecidos.\n" "pub fn semear(sementes: Vec) { todo!() }\n" "\n" "/// Colhe os vegetais no jardim que está pronto.\n" "pub fn colher(jardim: &mut Jardim) { todo!() }\n" "```" #: src/modules/filesystem.md:37 msgid "" "Before Rust 2018, modules needed to be located at `module/mod.rs` instead of " "`module.rs`, and this is still a working alternative for editions after 2018." msgstr "" "Antes do Rust 2018, os módulos precisavam estar localizados em `module/mod." "rs` ao invés de `module.rs`, e esta ainda é uma alternativa funcional para " "edições posteriores a 2018." #: src/modules/filesystem.md:39 msgid "" "The main reason to introduce `filename.rs` as alternative to `filename/mod." "rs` was because many files named `mod.rs` can be hard to distinguish in IDEs." msgstr "" "A principal razão para introduzir `nome_de_arquivo.rs` como alternativa a " "`nome_de_arquivo/mod.rs` foi porque muitos arquivos denominados `mod.rs` " "podem ser difíceis de distinguir em IDEs." #: src/modules/filesystem.md:42 msgid "Deeper nesting can use folders, even if the main module is a file:" msgstr "" "O aninhamento mais profundo pode usar pastas, mesmo que o módulo principal " "seja um arquivo:" #: src/modules/filesystem.md:44 msgid "" "```ignore\n" "src/\n" "├── main.rs\n" "├── top_module.rs\n" "└── top_module/\n" " └── sub_module.rs\n" "```" msgstr "" "```ignore\n" "src/\n" "├── main.rs\n" "├── top_module.rs\n" "└── top_module/\n" " └── sub_module.rs\n" "```" #: src/modules/filesystem.md:52 msgid "" "The place rust will look for modules can be changed with a compiler " "directive:" msgstr "" "O local no qual o Rust irá procurar por módulos pode ser alterado por meio " "de uma diretiva de compilador:" #: src/modules/filesystem.md:54 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "#[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n" "mod some_module;\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" "#[caminho = \"algum/caminho.rs\"]\n" "mod algum_modulo { }\n" "```" #: src/modules/filesystem.md:59 msgid "" "This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module " "in a file named `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go." msgstr "" "Isto é útil, por exemplo, se você quiser colocar testes para um módulo em um " "arquivo chamado `algum_modulo_teste.rs`, semelhante à convenção em Go." #: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:1 msgid "Day 2: Afternoon Exercises" msgstr "Dia 2: Exercícios da Tarde" #: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:3 msgid "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators." msgstr "Os exercícios desta tarde se concentrarão em strings e iteradores." #: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:3 msgid "" "The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used " "to validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and " "does the following to validate the credit card number:" msgstr "" "O [algoritmo de Luhn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) é usado " "para validar números de cartão de crédito. O algoritmo recebe uma string " "como entrada e faz o seguinte para validar o número do cartão de crédito:" #: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:7 msgid "Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits." msgstr "Ignore todos os espaços. Rejeite número com menos de dois dígitos." #: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:9 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Moving from **right to left**, double every second digit: for the number " "`1234`, we double `3` and `1`. For the number `98765`, we double `6` and `8`." msgstr "" "Movendo-se da direita para a esquerda, dobre cada segundo dígito: para o " "número `1234`, dobramos `3` e `1`." #: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:12 msgid "" "After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` which " "becomes `5`." msgstr "" "Depois de dobrar um dígito, some os dígitos. Portanto, dobrando `7` torna-se " "`14`, que torna-se `5`." #: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:15 msgid "Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits." msgstr "Some todos os dígitos, dobrados ou não." #: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:17 msgid "The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`." msgstr "O número do cartão de crédito é válido se a soma terminar em `0`." #: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:19 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Copy the code below to and implement the " "function." msgstr "" "Copie o código abaixo para e implemente as " "funções:" #: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:21 msgid "" "Try to solve the problem the \"simple\" way first, using `for` loops and " "integers. Then, revisit the solution and try to implement it with iterators." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:25 msgid "" "```rust\n" "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" "\n" "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" " assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" " assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[allow(dead_code)]\n" "fn main() {}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust\n" "// TODO: remova isto quando você estiver terminado com sua implementação.\n" "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" "\n" "pub fn luhn(cc_numero: &str) -> bool {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn teste_cc_numero_nao_digito() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn teste_cc_numero_vazio() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn teste_cc_numero_digito_simples() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn teste_cc_numero_dois_digitos() {\n" " assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn teste_cc_numero_valido() {\n" " assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" " assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" " assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn teste_cc_numero_invalido() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[allow(dead_code)]\n" "fn main() {}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:3 msgid "" "In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web server. " "The server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which are matched " "against _request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a wildcard character " "which matches a full segment. See the unit tests below." msgstr "" "Neste exercício, você irá implementar um componente de roteamento de um " "servidor web. O servidor está configurado com um número de _prefixos de " "caminhos_ que são comparados com os _caminhos requisitados_. Os prefixos de " "caminho podem conter um caractere curinga que corresponde a um segmento " "completo. Veja os testes unitários abaixo." #: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:8 msgid "" "Copy the following code to and make the tests " "pass. Try avoiding allocating a `Vec` for your intermediate results:" msgstr "" "Copie o seguinte código para e faça os testes " "passarem. Tente evitar alocar um `Vec` para seus resultados intermediários:" #: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:12 msgid "" "```rust\n" "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" "\n" "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/" "abc-123\"));\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/" "books\"));\n" "\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/" "publishers\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" " ));\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" " \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" " ));\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" " ));\n" "\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/" "publishers\"));\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" " ));\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust\n" "// TODO: remova isto quando você estiver terminado com sua implementação.\n" "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" "\n" "pub fn corresponde_prefixo(prefixo: &str, caminho_requisitado: &str) -> bool " "{\n" " unimplemented!()\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn teste_corresponde_sem_curinga() {\n" " assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/editores\"));\n" " assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/editores/" "abc-123\"));\n" " assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/editores/abc/" "livros\"));\n" "\n" " assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1\"));\n" " assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/" "editoresLivros\"));\n" " assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/pai/editores\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn teste_corresponde_com_curinga() {\n" " assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\n" " \"/v1/editores/*/livros\",\n" " \"/v1/editores/foo/livros\"\n" " ));\n" " assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\n" " \"/v1/editores/*/livros\",\n" " \"/v1/editores/bar/livros\"\n" " ));\n" " assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\n" " \"/v1/editores/*/livros\",\n" " \"/v1/editores/foo/livros/livro1\"\n" " ));\n" "\n" " assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores/*/livros\", \"/v1/" "editores\"));\n" " assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\n" " \"/v1/editores/*/livros\",\n" " \"/v1/editores/foo/livrosPorAutor\"\n" " ));\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/welcome-day-3.md:1 msgid "Welcome to Day 3" msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Dia 3" #: src/welcome-day-3.md:3 msgid "Today, we will cover some more advanced topics of Rust:" msgstr "Hoje, abordaremos alguns tópicos mais avançados em Rust:" #: src/welcome-day-3.md:5 msgid "" "Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library " "traits." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-3.md:8 msgid "" "Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and trait " "objects." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-3.md:11 msgid "Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-3.md:13 msgid "Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests." msgstr "" #: src/welcome-day-3.md:15 msgid "" "Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern " "functions." msgstr "" #: src/generics.md:3 msgid "" "Rust support generics, which lets you abstract algorithms or data structures " "(such as sorting or a binary tree) over the types used or stored." msgstr "" "Rust oferece suporte a tipos genéricos, que permitem algoritmos ou " "estruturas de dados (como ordenação ou árvore binária) abstrair os tipos de " "dados usados ou armazenados." #: src/generics/data-types.md:3 msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:" msgstr "Você pode usar tipos genéricos para abstrair o tipo concreto do campo:" #: src/generics/data-types.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Point {\n" " x: T,\n" " y: T,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n" " let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n" " println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Ponto {\n" " x: T,\n" " y: T,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let inteiro = Ponto { x: 5, y: 10 };\n" " let real = Ponto { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n" " println!(\"{inteiro:?} e {real:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/generics/data-types.md:21 msgid "Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`." msgstr "Tente declarar uma nova variável `let p = Ponto { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`." #: src/generics/data-types.md:23 msgid "Fix the code to allow points that have elements of different types." msgstr "" "Arrume o código para permitir pontos que tenham elementos de tipos " "diferentes." #: src/generics/methods.md:3 msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:" msgstr "Você pode declarar um tipo genérico em seu bloco `impl`:" #: src/generics/methods.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Point(T, T);\n" "\n" "impl Point {\n" " fn x(&self) -> &T {\n" " &self.0 // + 10\n" " }\n" "\n" " // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p = Point(5, 10);\n" " println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/generics/methods.md:25 msgid "" "_Q:_ Why `T` is specified twice in `impl Point {}`? Isn't that " "redundant?" msgstr "" "_Pergunta:_ Por que `T` é especificado duas vezes em `impl Ponto {}`? " "Isso não é redundante?" #: src/generics/methods.md:26 msgid "" "This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. " "They are independently generic." msgstr "" "Isso ocorre porque é uma seção de implementação genérica para tipo genérico. " "Eles são genéricos de forma independente." #: src/generics/methods.md:27 msgid "It means these methods are defined for any `T`." msgstr "Significa que esses métodos são definidos para qualquer `T`." #: src/generics/methods.md:28 msgid "It is possible to write `impl Point { .. }`. " msgstr "É possível escrever `Impl Ponto { .. }`." #: src/generics/methods.md:29 msgid "" "`Point` is still generic and you can use `Point`, but methods in this " "block will only be available for `Point`." msgstr "" "`Ponto` ainda é genérico e você pode usar `Ponto`, mas os métodos neste " "bloco só estarão disponíveis para `Ponto`." #: src/generics/monomorphization.md:3 msgid "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:" msgstr "" "O código _genérico_ é transformado em código _não genérico_ de acordo com os " "tipos usados:" #: src/generics/monomorphization.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let integer = Some(5);\n" " let float = Some(5.0);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let inteiro = Some(5);\n" " let real = Some(5.0);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/generics/monomorphization.md:12 msgid "behaves as if you wrote" msgstr "se comporta como se você tivesse escrito" #: src/generics/monomorphization.md:14 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "enum Option_i32 {\n" " Some(i32),\n" " None,\n" "}\n" "\n" "enum Option_f64 {\n" " Some(f64),\n" " None,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let integer = Option_i32::Some(5);\n" " let float = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "enum Option_i32 {\n" " Some(i32),\n" " None,\n" "}\n" "\n" "enum Option_f64 {\n" " Some(f64),\n" " None,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let inteiro = Option_i32::Some(5);\n" " let real = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/generics/monomorphization.md:31 msgid "" "This is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you " "had hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction." msgstr "" "Esta é uma abstração de custo zero: você obtém exatamente o mesmo resultado " "como se tivesse codificado manualmente as estruturas de dados sem utilizar a " "abstração." #: src/traits.md:3 msgid "" "Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:" msgstr "" "Rust permite abstrair características dos tipos usando `trait`. Eles são " "semelhantes a interfaces:" #: src/traits.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "trait Pet {\n" " fn name(&self) -> String;\n" "}\n" "\n" "struct Dog {\n" " name: String,\n" "}\n" "\n" "struct Cat;\n" "\n" "impl Pet for Dog {\n" " fn name(&self) -> String {\n" " self.name.clone()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Pet for Cat {\n" " fn name(&self) -> String {\n" " String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it " "anyway.\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn greet(pet: &P) {\n" " println!(\"Who's a cutie? {} is!\", pet.name());\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let fido = Dog { name: \"Fido\".into() };\n" " greet(&fido);\n" "\n" " let captain_floof = Cat;\n" " greet(&captain_floof);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "trait Pet {\n" " fn nome(&self) -> String;\n" "}\n" "\n" "struct Cachorro {\n" " nome: String,\n" "}\n" "\n" "struct Gato;\n" "\n" "impl Pet for Cachorro {\n" " fn nome(&self) -> String {\n" " self.nome.clone()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Pet for Gato {\n" " fn nome(&self) -> String {\n" " String::from(\"Gato\") // Sem nomes, gatos não respondem mesmo.\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn saudar(pet: &P) {\n" " println!(\"Quem é? É o {}!\", pet.nome());\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let bidu = Cachorro { nome: \"Bidu\".into() };\n" " saudar(&bidu);\n" "\n" " let felix = Gato;\n" " saudar(&felix);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/traits/trait-objects.md:3 msgid "" "Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a " "collection:" msgstr "" "Objetos `trait` permitem valores de diferentes tipos, por exemplo, em uma " "coleção:" #: src/traits/trait-objects.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "trait Pet {\n" " fn name(&self) -> String;\n" "}\n" "\n" "struct Dog {\n" " name: String,\n" "}\n" "\n" "struct Cat;\n" "\n" "impl Pet for Dog {\n" " fn name(&self) -> String {\n" " self.name.clone()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Pet for Cat {\n" " fn name(&self) -> String {\n" " String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it " "anyway.\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let pets: Vec> = vec![\n" " Box::new(Cat),\n" " Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n" " ];\n" " for pet in pets {\n" " println!(\"Hello {}!\", pet.name());\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "trait Pet {\n" " fn nome(&self) -> String;\n" "}\n" "\n" "struct Cachorro {\n" " nome: String,\n" "}\n" "\n" "struct Gato;\n" "\n" "impl Pet for Cachorro {\n" " fn nome(&self) -> String {\n" " self.nome.clone()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Pet for Gato {\n" " fn nome(&self) -> String {\n" " String::from(\"O gato\") // Sem nomes, de qualquer forma gatos não " "reconhecem.\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let pets: Vec> = vec![\n" " Box::new(Gato),\n" " Box::new(Cachorro { nome: String::from(\"Bidu\") }),\n" " ];\n" " for pet in pets {\n" " println!(\"Olá {}!\", pet.nome());\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/traits/trait-objects.md:40 msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:" msgstr "Layout da memória após alocar `pets`:" #: src/traits/trait-objects.md:42 msgid "" "```bob\n" " Stack Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "- -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": " "pets : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----" "+ :\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o " "| :\n" ": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-" "+ :\n" ": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | +---------------" "+ :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| name: \"Fido\" " "| :\n" ": : : | | | +---------------" "+ :\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | " "| :\n" " : | | | +----------------------" "+ : \n" " : | | '---->| \"::name\" " "| :\n" " : | | +----------------------" "+ : \n" " : | " "| : \n" " : | | +-" "+ : \n" " : | '-->|" "\\| : \n" " : | +-" "+ : \n" " : " "| : \n" " : | +----------------------" "+ : \n" " : '---->| \"::name\" " "| : \n" " : +----------------------" "+ :\n" " : :\n" " '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "- -'\n" "\n" "```" msgstr "" "```bob\n" " Pilha Heap\n" ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "- - -.\n" ": : : :\n" ": " "pets : : :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----" "+ :\n" ": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o " "| :\n" ": | tamanho | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-" "+ :\n" ": | capac. | 2 | : : | | | | +---------------" "+ :\n" ": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| nome: \"Bidu\" " "| :\n" ": : : | | | +---------------" "+ :\n" "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | " "| :\n" " : | | | " "+--------------------------+ :\n" " : | | '---->| \"::" "nome\"| :\n" " : | | " "+--------------------------+ :\n" " : | " "| : \n" " : | | +-" "+ : \n" " : | '-->|" "\\| : \n" " : | +-" "+ : \n" " : " "| : \n" " : | +-----------------------" "+ : \n" " : '---->| \"::nome\" " "| : \n" " : +-----------------------" "+ :\n" " : :\n" " '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " "- - -'\n" "\n" "```" #: src/traits/trait-objects.md:72 msgid "" "Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it " "impossible to have things like `Vec` in the example above." msgstr "" "Tipos que implementam um dado `trait` podem ter tamanhos diferentes. Isto " "torna impossível haver coisas como `Vec` no exemplo anterior." #: src/traits/trait-objects.md:73 msgid "" "`dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that " "implements `Pet`." msgstr "" "`dyn Pet` é uma maneira de dizer ao compilador sobre um tipo de tamanho " "dinâmico que implementa `Pet`." #: src/traits/trait-objects.md:74 msgid "" "In the example, `pets` holds _fat pointers_ to objects that implement `Pet`. " "The fat pointer consists of two components, a pointer to the actual object " "and a pointer to the virtual method table for the `Pet` implementation of " "that particular object." msgstr "" "No exemplo, `pets` possui _fat pointers_ para objetos que implementam `Pet`. " "O _fat pointer_ consiste em dois componentes, um ponteiro para o objeto " "propriamente dito e um ponteiro para a tabela de métodos virtuais para a " "implementação de `Pet` do objeto em particular." #: src/traits/trait-objects.md:75 msgid "Compare these outputs in the above example:" msgstr "Compare estas saídas no exemplo anterior::" #: src/traits/trait-objects.md:76 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::(), std::mem::size_of::" "());\n" " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::" "<&Cat>());\n" " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n" " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::>());\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::(), std::mem::size_of::" "());\n" " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Cachorro>(), std::mem::size_of::" "<&Gato>());\n" " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n" " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::>());\n" "```" #: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:3 msgid "" "Rust derive macros work by automatically generating code that implements the " "specified traits for a data structure." msgstr "" "As macros `derive` do Rust funcionam gerando automaticamente o código que " "implementa os _traits_ especificados para uma estrutura de dados." #: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:5 msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits as follows:" msgstr "Você pode deixar o compilador derivar uma série de _traits_ tais como:" #: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n" "struct Player {\n" " name: String,\n" " strength: u8,\n" " hit_points: u8,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1 = Player::default();\n" " let p2 = p1.clone();\n" " println!(\"Is {:?}\\nequal to {:?}?\\nThe answer is {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n" " if p1 == p2 { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" });\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n" "struct Jogador {\n" " nome: String,\n" " forca: u8,\n" " pontos_ataque: u8,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1 = Jogador::default();\n" " let p2 = p1.clone();\n" " println!(\"{:?} é\\nigual a {:?}?\\nA resposta é {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n" " if p1 == p2 { \"sim\" } else { \"não\" });\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/traits/default-methods.md:3 msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:" msgstr "" "Traits podem implementar o comportamento em termos de outros métodos de " "`trait`:" #: src/traits/default-methods.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "trait Equals {\n" " fn equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" " fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" " !self.equals(other)\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Centimeter(i16);\n" "\n" "impl Equals for Centimeter {\n" " fn equals(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n" " self.0 == other.0\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let a = Centimeter(10);\n" " let b = Centimeter(20);\n" " println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equals(&b));\n" " println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equals(&b));\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "trait Equals {\n" " fn equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" " fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" " !self.equals(other)\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Centimetro(i16);\n" "\n" "impl Equals for Centimetro {\n" " fn equals(&self, other: &Centimetro) -> bool {\n" " self.0 == other.0\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let a = Centimetro(10);\n" " let b = Centimetro(20);\n" " println!(\"{a:?} igual a {b:?}: {}\", a.equals(&b));\n" " println!(\"{a:?} diferente de {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equals(&b));\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/traits/default-methods.md:32 msgid "" "Traits may specify pre-implemented (default) methods and methods that users " "are required to implement themselves. Methods with default implementations " "can rely on required methods." msgstr "" "_Traits_ podem especificar métodos pré-implementados (padrão) e métodos que " "os usuários são obrigados a implementar. Os métodos com implementações " "padrão podem contar com os métodos requeridos." #: src/traits/default-methods.md:35 msgid "Move method `not_equals` to a new trait `NotEquals`." msgstr "Mova o método `not_equals` para um novo _trait_ `NotEquals`." #: src/traits/default-methods.md:37 msgid "Make `Equals` a super trait for `NotEquals`." msgstr "Faça `Equals` um _super trait_ para `NotEquals`." #: src/traits/default-methods.md:38 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "trait NotEquals: Equals {\n" " fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" " !self.equals(other)\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "trait NotEquals: Equals {\n" " fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" " !self.equals(other)\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/traits/default-methods.md:46 msgid "Provide a blanket implementation of `NotEquals` for `Equals`." msgstr "Forneça uma implementação geral de `NotEquals` para `Equals`." #: src/traits/default-methods.md:47 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "trait NotEquals {\n" " fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl NotEquals for T where T: Equals {\n" " fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" " !self.equals(other)\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "trait NotEquals {\n" " fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl NotEquals for T where T: Equals {\n" " fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" " !self.equals(other)\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/traits/default-methods.md:58 msgid "" "With the blanket implementation, you no longer need `Equals` as a super " "trait for `NotEqual`." msgstr "" "Com a implementação geral, você não precisa mais de `Equals` como um _super " "trait_ para `NotEqual`." #: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:3 msgid "" "When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement " "some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods." msgstr "" "Ao trabalhar com genéricos, muitas vezes você exigir que os tipos " "implementem algum `trait` para poder utilizar os métodos do `trait`." #: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:6 msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:" msgstr "Você consegue fazer isso com `T:Trait` ou `impl Trait`:" #: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:8 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n" " (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" "}\n" "\n" "// Syntactic sugar for:\n" "// fn add_42_millions>(x: T) -> i32 {\n" "fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into) -> i32 {\n" " x.into() + 42_000_000\n" "}\n" "\n" "// struct NotClonable;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n" " let pair = duplicate(foo);\n" " println!(\"{pair:?}\");\n" "\n" " let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n" " println!(\"{many}\");\n" " let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n" " println!(\"{many_more}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:35 msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code." msgstr "" "Mostre uma cláusula `where`, os estudantes irão encontrá-la quando lerem " "código." #: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:37 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T)\n" "where\n" " T: Clone,\n" "{\n" " (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" "fn duplicar(a: T) -> (T, T)\n" "where\n" " T: Clone,\n" "{\n" " (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:46 msgid "It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters." msgstr "Organiza a assinatura da função se você tiver muitos parâmetros." #: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:47 msgid "It has additional features making it more powerful." msgstr "Possui recursos adicionais tornando-o mais poderoso." #: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:48 msgid "" "If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can " "be arbitrary, like `Option`." msgstr "" "Se alguém perguntar, o recurso extra é que o tipo à esquerda de \":\" pode " "ser arbitrário, como `Option`." #: src/traits/impl-trait.md:1 msgid "`impl Trait`" msgstr "Trait `impl`" #: src/traits/impl-trait.md:3 msgid "" "Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function " "arguments and return values:" msgstr "" "Semelhante aos limites do _trait_, a sintaxe do _trait_ `impl` pode ser " "usada em argumentos de funções e em valores de retorno:" #: src/traits/impl-trait.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::fmt::Display;\n" "\n" "fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n" " format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n" " println!(\"{x}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/traits/impl-trait.md:19 msgid "`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name." msgstr "" "`impl Trait` permite que você trabalhe com tipos que você não pode nomear." #: src/traits/impl-trait.md:23 msgid "" "The meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions." msgstr "" "O significado do _trait_ `impl` é um pouco difere de acordo com sua posição." #: src/traits/impl-trait.md:25 #, fuzzy msgid "" "For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a " "trait bound." msgstr "" "Como parâmetro, o _trait_ `impl` é como um parâmetro genérico anônimo com um " "limitador de características (trait)." #: src/traits/impl-trait.md:27 #, fuzzy msgid "" "For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that " "implements the trait, without naming the type. This can be useful when you " "don't want to expose the concrete type in a public API." msgstr "" "Como tipo de retorno, significa que o tipo de retorno é algum tipo concreto " "que implementa o _trait_, sem namear o tipo. Isso pode ser útil quando você " "não deseja expor o tipo concreto em uma API pública." #: src/traits/impl-trait.md:31 msgid "" "Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` picks " "the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A " "function returning a generic type like `collect() -> B` can return any " "type satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with " "`let x: Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::" ">()`." msgstr "" #: src/traits/impl-trait.md:37 msgid "" "This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to " "explain that nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` " "type. If we used a single `T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint " "that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type. It would not work for " "this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely not what " "`format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` syntax, we'd " "need two independent generic parameters." msgstr "" "Este exemplo é ótimo, porque usa `impl Display` duas vezes. Isso ajuda a " "explicar que nada impõe que, nos dois usos, `impl Display` seja _do mesmo_ " "tipo. Se usássemos um único `T: Display`, imporia a restrição de que o tipo " "`T` de entrada e o tipo `T` de retorno são do mesmo tipo. Isso não " "funcionaria para esta função específica, pois o tipo que esperamos como " "entrada provavelmente não é o que `format!` retorna. Se quiséssemos fazer o " "mesmo através da sintaxe `: Display`, precisaríamos de dois parâmetros " "genéricos independentes." #: src/traits/important-traits.md:3 msgid "" "We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard " "library:" msgstr "Veremos agora os _Traits_ mais comuns da biblioteca padrão do Rust:" #: src/traits/important-traits.md:5 msgid "" "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and " "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) " "used in `for` loops," msgstr "" "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) e " "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) " "usados em laços `for`," #: src/traits/important-traits.md:6 msgid "" "[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) used to convert " "values," msgstr "" "[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) e [`Into`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) usados na converção " "de valores," #: src/traits/important-traits.md:7 msgid "" "[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and [`Write`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) used for IO," msgstr "" "[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) e [`Write`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) usados em operações de " "IO," #: src/traits/important-traits.md:8 msgid "" "[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... used for operator " "overloading, and" msgstr "" "[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... usado na sobrecarga de " "operadores," #: src/traits/important-traits.md:9 msgid "" "[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) used for " "defining destructors." msgstr "" "[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) usado para " "definir destrutores e" #: src/traits/important-traits.md:10 msgid "" "[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) used " "to construct a default instance of a type." msgstr "" "[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) usado " "para construir uma instância padrão para um tipo." #: src/traits/iterator.md:1 msgid "Iterators" msgstr "Iteradores" #: src/traits/iterator.md:3 msgid "" "You can implement the [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait." "Iterator.html) trait on your own types:" msgstr "Você pode implementar o _trait_ `Iterator` em seus próprios tipos:" #: src/traits/iterator.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "struct Fibonacci {\n" " curr: u32,\n" " next: u32,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Iterator for Fibonacci {\n" " type Item = u32;\n" "\n" " fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" " let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n" " self.curr = self.next;\n" " self.next = new_next;\n" " Some(self.curr)\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n" " for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n" " println!(\"fib({i}): {n}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/traits/iterator.md:32 msgid "" "The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming " "operations over collections (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is " "the trait where you can find all the documentation about them. In Rust these " "functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative " "implementations." msgstr "" #: src/traits/iterator.md:37 msgid "" "`IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by " "collection types such as `Vec` and references to them such as `&Vec` " "and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it. This is why you can iterate over a " "vector with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist." msgstr "" #: src/traits/from-iterator.md:3 msgid "" "[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) " "lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)." msgstr "" "`FromIterator` permite construir uma coleção a partir de um `Iterator`." #: src/traits/from-iterator.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let primes = vec![2, 3, 5, 7];\n" " let prime_squares = primes\n" " .into_iter()\n" " .map(|prime| prime * prime)\n" " .collect::>();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/traits/from-iterator.md:17 msgid "" "`Iterator` implements `fn collect(self) -> B where B: FromIterator, Self: Sized`" msgstr "" "`Iterator` implementa `fn collect(self) -> B where B: FromIterator, Self: Sized`" #: src/traits/from-iterator.md:23 msgid "" "There are also implementations which let you do cool things like convert an " "`Iterator>` into a `Result, E>`." msgstr "" "Também existem implementações que permitem fazer coisas legais como " "converter um `Iterator>` em um `Result, E>`." #: src/traits/from-into.md:1 msgid "`From` and `Into`" msgstr "`From` e `Into`" #: src/traits/from-into.md:3 msgid "" "Types implement [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From." "html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) to " "facilitate type conversions:" msgstr "" "Os tipos implementam `From` e `Into` para facilitar as conversões de tipo:" #: src/traits/from-into.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let s = String::from(\"hello\");\n" " let addr = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n" " let one = i16::from(true);\n" " let bigger = i32::from(123i16);\n" " println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let s = String::from(\"Olá\");\n" " let endereco_ipv4 = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n" " let um = i16::from(true);\n" " let maior = i32::from(123i16);\n" " println!(\"{s}, {endereco_ipv4}, {um}, {maior}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/traits/from-into.md:15 msgid "" "[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) is " "automatically implemented when [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "convert/trait.From.html) is implemented:" msgstr "" "[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) é " "implementado automaticamente quando [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "convert/trait.From.html) é implementado:" #: src/traits/from-into.md:17 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let s: String = \"hello\".into();\n" " let addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n" " let one: i16 = true.into();\n" " let bigger: i32 = 123i16.into();\n" " println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let s: String = \"Olá\".into();\n" " let endereco_ipv4: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n" " let um: i16 = true.into();\n" " let maior: i32 = 123i16.into();\n" " println!(\"{s}, {endereco_ipv4}, {um}, {maior}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/traits/from-into.md:29 msgid "" "That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get " "`Into` implementation too." msgstr "" "É por isso que é comum implementar apenas `From`, já que seu tipo também " "receberá a implementação de `Into`." #: src/traits/from-into.md:30 msgid "" "When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be " "converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`. " "Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ " "implement `Into`." msgstr "" "Ao declarar um tipo de entrada de argumento de função como \"qualquer coisa " "que possa ser convertida em `String`\", a regra é oposta, você deve usar " "`Into`. Sua função aceitará tipos que implementam `From` e aqueles que " "_apenas_ implementam `Into`." #: src/traits/read-write.md:1 msgid "`Read` and `Write`" msgstr "`Read` e `Write`" #: src/traits/read-write.md:3 msgid "" "Using [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and " "[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), you can " "abstract over `u8` sources:" msgstr "" "Usando `Read` e `BufRead`, você pode abstrair a leitura de conteúdos do tipo " "`u8`:" #: src/traits/read-write.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};\n" "\n" "fn count_lines(reader: R) -> usize {\n" " let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n" " buf_reader.lines().count()\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" " let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n" " println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));\n" "\n" " let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n" " println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n" " Ok(())\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/traits/read-write.md:23 msgid "" "Similarly, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) lets " "you abstract over `u8` sinks:" msgstr "" "Da mesma forma, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) " "permite abstrair a escrita de dados do tipo `u8`:" #: src/traits/read-write.md:25 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::io::{Result, Write};\n" "\n" "fn log(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n" " writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n" " writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" " let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n" " log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n" " log(&mut buffer, \"World\")?;\n" " println!(\"Logged: {:?}\", buffer);\n" " Ok(())\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "fn main() -> Result\\<()> { let mut buffer = Vec::new(); log(&mut buffer, " "\"Olá\")?; log(&mut buffer, \"Mundo\")?; println!(\"Logado: {:?}\", buffer); " "Ok(()) }\n" "\n" "```\n" "```" #: src/traits/drop.md:1 msgid "The `Drop` Trait" msgstr "O Trait `Drop`" #: src/traits/drop.md:3 msgid "" "Values which implement [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop." "html) can specify code to run when they go out of scope:" msgstr "" "Valores que implementam [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait." "Drop.html) podem especificar o código a ser executado quando saem do escopo:" #: src/traits/drop.md:5 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "struct Droppable {\n" " name: &'static str,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Drop for Droppable {\n" " fn drop(&mut self) {\n" " println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n" " {\n" " let b = Droppable { name: \"b\" };\n" " {\n" " let c = Droppable { name: \"c\" };\n" " let d = Droppable { name: \"d\" };\n" " println!(\"Exiting block B\");\n" " }\n" " println!(\"Exiting block A\");\n" " }\n" " drop(a);\n" " println!(\"Exiting main\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "fn main() { let a = Excluivel { nome: \"a\" }; { let b = Excluivel { nome: " "\"b\" }; { let c = Excluivel { nome: \"c\" }; let d = Excluivel { nome: " "\"d\" }; println!(\"Saindo do bloco B\"); } println!(\"Saindo do bloco " "A\"); } drop(a); println!(\"Saindo do main\"); }\n" "\n" "```\n" "```" #: src/traits/drop.md:34 src/traits/operators.md:26 msgid "Discussion points:" msgstr "Pontos de discussão:" #: src/traits/drop.md:36 msgid "Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?" msgstr "Por que `Drop::drop` não recebe `self`?" #: src/traits/drop.md:37 msgid "" "Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of the " "block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack overflow!" msgstr "" "Resposta curta: Se recebesse, `std::mem::drop` seria chamado no final do " "bloco, resultando em outra chamada para `Drop::drop` ocasionando um estouro " "de pilha." #: src/traits/drop.md:40 msgid "Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`." msgstr "Tente substituir `drop(a)` por `a.drop()`." #: src/traits/default.md:1 msgid "The `Default` Trait" msgstr "O Trait `Default`" #: src/traits/default.md:3 msgid "" "[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) trait " "produces a default value for a type." msgstr "" "O _trait_ [`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default." "html) fornece uma implementação padrão para um tipo." #: src/traits/default.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" "struct Derived {\n" " x: u32,\n" " y: String,\n" " z: Implemented,\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Implemented(String);\n" "\n" "impl Default for Implemented {\n" " fn default() -> Self {\n" " Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let default_struct = Derived::default();\n" " println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");\n" "\n" " let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n" " y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n" " ..Derived::default()\n" " };\n" " println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");\n" "\n" " let nothing: Option = None;\n" " println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n" "}\n" "\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/traits/default.md:40 msgid "" "It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`." msgstr "" "Ele pode ser implementado diretamente ou derivado usando " "`#[derive(Default)]`." #: src/traits/default.md:41 msgid "" "A derived implementation will produce a value where all fields are set to " "their default values." msgstr "" "A implementação usando `derive` produz um valor onde todos os campos são " "preenchidos com seus valores padrão." #: src/traits/default.md:42 msgid "This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too." msgstr "" "Consequentemente, todos os tipos usados na estrutuda devem implementar " "`Default` também." #: src/traits/default.md:43 msgid "" "Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. " "`0`, `\"\"`, etc)." msgstr "" "Frequentemente, os tipos padrão do Rust implementam `Default` com valores " "razoáveis (ex: `0`, `\"\"`, etc)." #: src/traits/default.md:44 msgid "The partial struct copy works nicely with default." msgstr "A cópia parcial de estrututas funciona bem em conjunto com _default_." #: src/traits/default.md:45 msgid "" "Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and " "provides convenience methods that use it." msgstr "" "A bilioteca padrão do Rust sabe que tipos podem implementar o `trait` " "`Default` e, convenientemente, provê métodos para isso." #: src/traits/default.md:46 msgid "" "the `..` syntax is called [struct update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-instances-from-other-instances-" "with-struct-update-syntax)" msgstr "" #: src/traits/operators.md:1 msgid "`Add`, `Mul`, ..." msgstr "`Add`, `Mul`, ..." #: src/traits/operators.md:3 msgid "" "Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):" msgstr "" "A sobrecarga de operadores é implementada por meio do `trait` contido em " "[`std::ops`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):" #: src/traits/operators.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n" "struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }\n" "\n" "impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n" " type Output = Self;\n" "\n" " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n" " Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n" " let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n" " println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/traits/operators.md:28 #, fuzzy msgid "" "You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful? " msgstr "" "Você pode implementar `Add` para `&Ponto`. Em quais situações isso é útil?" #: src/traits/operators.md:29 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are overloading " "the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading the operator for " "`&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the call site." msgstr "" "Resposta: `Add:add` consome `self`. Se digitar `T` para o qual você está " "sobrecarregando o operador não implementa `Copy`, você deve considerar " "sobrecarregar o operador para `&T` também. Isso evita a clonagem " "desnecessária no local da chamada." #: src/traits/operators.md:33 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter of the " "method?" msgstr "" "Por que `Output` é um tipo associado? Poderia ser feito um parâmetro de tipo?" #: src/traits/operators.md:34 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Short answer: Function type parameters are controlled by the caller, but " "associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementor of a " "trait." msgstr "" "Resposta curta: os parâmetros de tipo são controlados pelo chamador, mas " "tipos associados (como `Output`) são controlados pelo implementador do " "`trait`." #: src/traits/operators.md:37 msgid "" "You could implement `Add` for two different types, e.g. `impl Add<(i32, " "i32)> for Point` would add a tuple to a `Point`." msgstr "" #: src/traits/closures.md:1 msgid "Closures" msgstr "Closures" #: src/traits/closures.md:3 msgid "" "Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, " "they implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn." "html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and " "[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:" msgstr "" "Closures ou expressões _lambda_ têm tipos que não podem ser nomeados. No " "entanto, eles implementam os _traits_ especiais [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang." "org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/" "trait.FnMut.html) e [`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait." "FnOnce.html):" #: src/traits/closures.md:8 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 {\n" " println!(\"Calling function on {input}\");\n" " func(input)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n" " println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n" " println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 20));\n" "\n" " let mut v = Vec::new();\n" " let mut accumulate = |x: i32| {\n" " v.push(x);\n" " v.iter().sum::()\n" " };\n" " println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 4));\n" " println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 5));\n" "\n" " let multiply_sum = |x| x * v.into_iter().sum::();\n" " println!(\"multiply_sum: {}\", apply_with_log(multiply_sum, 3));\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn aplicar_com_registro(funcao: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, entrada: i32) -> " "i32 {\n" " println!(\"Chamando a função com {entrada}\");\n" " funcao(entrada)\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/traits/closures.md:34 msgid "" "An `Fn` (e.g. `add_3`) neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or " "perhaps captures nothing at all. It can be called multiple times " "concurrently." msgstr "" "Um `Fn` não consome nem muda os valores capturados ou talvez não capture " "nada, então, pode ser chamado várias vezes simultaneamente." #: src/traits/closures.md:37 msgid "" "An `FnMut` (e.g. `accumulate`) might mutate captured values. You can call it " "multiple times, but not concurrently." msgstr "" "Um `FnMut` pode alterar os valores capturados, então você pode chamá-lo " "várias vezes, mas não simultaneamente." #: src/traits/closures.md:40 msgid "" "If you have an `FnOnce` (e.g. `multiply_sum`), you may only call it once. It " "might consume captured values." msgstr "" "Se você tiver um `FnOnce`, poderá chamá-lo apenas uma vez. Pode consumir os " "valores capturados." #: src/traits/closures.md:43 msgid "" "`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. " "I.e. you can use an `FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can " "use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce` is called for." msgstr "" "`FnMut` é um subtipo de `FnOnce`. `Fn` é um subtipo de `FnMut` e `FnOnce`. " "Ou seja você pode usar um `FnMut` sempre que um `FnOnce` é chamado e você " "pode usar um `Fn` sempre que um `FnMut` ou um `FnOnce` é chamado." #: src/traits/closures.md:47 msgid "" "The compiler also infers `Copy` (e.g. for `add_3`) and `Clone` (e.g. " "`multiply_sum`), depending on what the closure captures." msgstr "" #: src/traits/closures.md:50 msgid "" "By default, closures will capture by reference if they can. The `move` " "keyword makes them capture by value." msgstr "" #: src/traits/closures.md:52 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn make_greeter(prefix: String) -> impl Fn(&str) {\n" " return move |name| println!(\"{} {}\", prefix, name)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let hi = make_greeter(\"Hi\".to_string());\n" " hi(\"there\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:1 msgid "Day 3: Morning Exercises" msgstr "Dia 3: Exercícios matinais" #: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:3 msgid "We will design a classical GUI library traits and trait objects." msgstr "" "Vamos projetar uma biblioteca clássica de _traits_ de GUI e objetos de " "`trait`." #: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:3 msgid "" "Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits and " "trait objects." msgstr "" "Vamos projetar uma biblioteca GUI clássica usando nosso novo conhecimento de " "_traits_ e objetos de `trait`." #: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:6 msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:" msgstr "Teremos vários _widgets_ em nossa biblioteca:" #: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:8 msgid "`Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets." msgstr "`Window`: tem um `título` e contém outros _widgets_." #: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:9 msgid "" "`Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the " "button is pressed." msgstr "" "`Button`: tem um `rótulo` e uma função de _callback_ que é invocada quando o " "botão é pressionado." #: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:11 msgid "`Label`: has a `label`." msgstr "`Label`: tem um `rótulo`." #: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:13 msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below." msgstr "Os _widgets_ irão implementar o `trait` `Widget`, veja abaixo." #: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:15 msgid "" "Copy the code below to , fill in the missing " "`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:" msgstr "" "Copie o código abaixo para , codifique os " "métodos `draw_into` para que você implemente o `trait` `Widget`:" #: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:18 msgid "" "```rust,should_panic\n" "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" "#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" "\n" "pub trait Widget {\n" " /// Natural width of `self`.\n" " fn width(&self) -> usize;\n" "\n" " /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n" " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n" "\n" " /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n" " fn draw(&self) {\n" " let mut buffer = String::new();\n" " self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n" " println!(\"{buffer}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub struct Label {\n" " label: String,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Label {\n" " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n" " Label {\n" " label: label.to_owned(),\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub struct Button {\n" " label: Label,\n" " callback: Box,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Button {\n" " fn new(label: &str, callback: Box) -> Button {\n" " Button {\n" " label: Label::new(label),\n" " callback,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub struct Window {\n" " title: String,\n" " widgets: Vec>,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Window {\n" " fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n" " Window {\n" " title: title.to_owned(),\n" " widgets: Vec::new(),\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box) {\n" " self.widgets.push(widget);\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n" " std::cmp::max(\n" " self.title.chars().count(),\n" " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n" " )\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "\n" "impl Widget for Label {\n" " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Widget for Button {\n" " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Widget for Window {\n" " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo." "\")));\n" " window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" " \"Click me!\",\n" " Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n" " )));\n" " window.draw();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:130 msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:" msgstr "A saída do programa acima pode ser algo simples como:" #: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:132 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```text\n" "========\n" "Rust GUI Demo 1.23\n" "========\n" "\n" "This is a small text GUI demo.\n" "\n" "| Click me! |\n" "```" msgstr "" "```texto\n" "========\n" "Demonstração da GUI do Rust 1.23\n" "========\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:142 msgid "" "If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the [fill/alignment](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment) formatting operators. In " "particular, notice how you can pad with different characters (here a `'/'`) " "and how you can control alignment:" msgstr "" "Se você quiser desenhar texto alinhado, você pode usar os operadores de " "formatação [fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index." "html#fillalignment). Em particular, observe como você pode preencher com " "diferentes caracteres (aqui um `'/'`) e como você pode controlar o " "alinhamento:" #: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:147 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let width = 10;\n" " println!(\"left aligned: |{:/width$}|\", \"foo\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let largura = 10;\n" " println!(\"alinhado à esquerda: |{:/largura$}|\", \"foo\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:156 msgid "" "Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:" msgstr "" "Usando esses truques de alinhamento, você pode, por exemplo, produzir uma " "saída como esta:" #: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:158 msgid "" "```text\n" "+--------------------------------+\n" "| Rust GUI Demo 1.23 |\n" "+================================+\n" "| This is a small text GUI demo. |\n" "| +-----------+ |\n" "| | Click me! | |\n" "| +-----------+ |\n" "+--------------------------------+\n" "```" msgstr "" "```texto\n" "+--------------------------------------------------+\n" "| Rust GUI Demonstração 1.23 |\n" "+==================================================+\n" "| Esta é uma pequena demonstração de GUI de texto. |\n" "| +----------------+ |\n" "| | Clique-me! | |\n" "| +----------------+ |\n" "+--------------------------------------------------+\n" "```" #: src/error-handling.md:3 msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:" msgstr "" "O tratamento de erros em Rust é feito usando fluxo de controle explícito:" #: src/error-handling.md:5 msgid "Functions that can have errors list this in their return type," msgstr "Funções que podem ter erros mostram isso em seu tipo de retorno." #: src/error-handling.md:6 msgid "There are no exceptions." msgstr "Não há exceções (_exceptions_)." #: src/error-handling/panics.md:3 msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:" msgstr "" "O Rust irá disparar um _panic_ (pânico) se um erro fatal ocorrer em tempo de " "execução:" #: src/error-handling/panics.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable,should_panic\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,should_panic\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/error-handling/panics.md:12 msgid "Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors." msgstr "_Pânicos_ são para erros irrecuperáveis e inesperados." #: src/error-handling/panics.md:13 msgid "Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program." msgstr "Pânicos são sintomas de bugs no programa." #: src/error-handling/panics.md:14 msgid "" "Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable." msgstr "" "Use APIs que não disparam erros do tipo _pânico_ (como `Vec::get`) se não " "for aceitável o travamento do programa." #: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:1 msgid "Catching the Stack Unwinding" msgstr "Capturando a _Resolução_ da Pilha (_Stack Unwinding_)" #: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:3 msgid "" "By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be " "caught:" msgstr "" "Por padrão, um pânico causará a _resolução_ da pilha. A resolução pode ser " "capturada:" #: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::panic;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" " println!(\"hello!\");\n" " });\n" " assert!(result.is_ok());\n" " \n" " let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" " panic!(\"oh no!\");\n" " });\n" " assert!(result.is_err());\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::panic;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" " println!(\"olá!\");\n" " });\n" " assert!(result.is_ok());\n" " \n" " let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" " panic!(\"ah não!\");\n" " });\n" " assert!(result.is_err());\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:21 msgid "" "This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single " "request crashes." msgstr "" "Isso pode ser útil em servidores que devem continuar rodando mesmo se uma " "requisição tenha falhado." #: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:23 msgid "This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`." msgstr "" "Isso não funciona se `panic = 'abort'` estiver definido em seu `Cargo.toml`." #: src/error-handling/result.md:1 msgid "Structured Error Handling with `Result`" msgstr "Tratamento Estruturado de Erros com `Result`" #: src/error-handling/result.md:3 msgid "" "We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when errors " "are expected as part of normal operation:" msgstr "" "Já vimos o _enum_ `Result`. Ele é usado amplamente quando os erros são " "esperados como parte da operação normal:" #: src/error-handling/result.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::fs;\n" "use std::io::Read;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let file = fs::File::open(\"diary.txt\");\n" " match file {\n" " Ok(mut file) => {\n" " let mut contents = String::new();\n" " file.read_to_string(&mut contents);\n" " println!(\"Dear diary: {contents}\");\n" " },\n" " Err(err) => {\n" " println!(\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\");\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::fs;\n" "use std::io::Read;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let arquivo = fs::File::open(\"diario.txt\");\n" " match arquivo {\n" " Ok(mut arquivo) => {\n" " let mut conteudo = String::new();\n" " arquivo.read_to_string(&mut conteudo);\n" " println!(\"Querido diário: {conteudo}\");\n" " },\n" " Err(err) => {\n" " println!(\"Não foi possível abrir o diário: {err}\");\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/error-handling/result.md:27 msgid "" "As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the " "developer to explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the " "case where an error should never happen, `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be " "called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too." msgstr "" "Como em `Option`, o valor bem-sucedido fica dentro de `Result`, forçando o " "desenvolvedor a extraí-lo explicitamente. Isso encoraja a verificação de " "erros. No caso em que um erro nunca deve acontecer, `unwrap()` ou `expect()` " "podem ser chamados, e isso também sinaliza a intenção do desenvolvedor." #: src/error-handling/result.md:30 msgid "" "`Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it " "is worth mentioning. It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions " "that help functional-style programming. " msgstr "" "A documentação de `Result` é uma leitura recomendada. Não durante o curso, " "mas vale a pena mencioná-la. Ele contém muitos métodos e funções de " "conveniência que ajudam na programação ao estilo funcional." #: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:1 msgid "Propagating Errors with `?`" msgstr "Propagando Erros com `?`" #: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:3 msgid "" "The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you " "turn the common" msgstr "" "O operador _try_ `?` é usado para retornar erros ao chamador da função. Se " "ocorrer um erro, este é retornado imediatamente ao chamador como retorno da " "função." #: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "match some_expression {\n" " Ok(value) => value,\n" " Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, ignore\n" "match alguma_expressao {\n" " Ok(valor) => valor,\n" " Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:13 msgid "into the much simpler" msgstr "O código acima pode ser simplificado para:" #: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:15 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "some_expression?\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust, ignore\n" "alguma_expressao?\n" "```" #: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:19 msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handling code:" msgstr "" "Podemos usar isso para simplificar nosso código de tratamento de erros:" #: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:21 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::{fs, io};\n" "use std::io::Read;\n" "\n" "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" " let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);\n" " let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n" " Ok(file) => file,\n" " Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" " };\n" "\n" " let mut username = String::new();\n" " match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n" " Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n" " Err(err) => Err(err),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n" " let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n" " println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::{fs, io};\n" "use std::io::Read;\n" "\n" "fn ler_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" " let resultado_arq_usuario = fs::File::open(caminho);\n" " let mut arquivo_usuario = match resultado_arq_usuario {\n" " Ok(arquivo) => arquivo,\n" " Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" " };\n" "\n" " let mut nome_usuario = String::new();\n" " match arquivo_usuario.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario) {\n" " Ok(_) => Ok(nome_usuario),\n" " Err(err) => Err(err),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n" " let nome_usuario = ler_usuario(\"config.dat\");\n" " println!(\"nome_usuario ou erro: {nome_usuario:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:50 #: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:52 msgid "The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`." msgstr "A variável `nome_usuario` pode ser `Ok(string)` ou `Err(error)`." #: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:51 #: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:53 msgid "" "Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty " "file, file with username." msgstr "" "Use a chamada `fs::write` para testar os diferentes cenários: nenhum " "arquivo, arquivo vazio e arquivo com nome de usuário." #: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:52 msgid "" "The return type of the function has to be compatible with the nested " "functions it calls. For instance, a function returning a `Result` " "can only apply the `?` operator on a function returning a `Result`. It cannot apply the `?` operator on a function returning an " "`Option` or `Result` unless `OtherErr` implements " "`From`. Reciprocally, a function returning an `Option` can only " "apply the `?` operator on a function returning an `Option`." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:57 msgid "" "You can convert incompatible types into one another with the different " "`Option` and `Result` methods such as `Option::ok_or`, `Result::ok`, " "`Result::err`." msgstr "" #: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:3 msgid "" "The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously " "indicated:" msgstr "" "A expansão efetiva do operador `?` é um pouco mais complicada do que " "indicado anteriormente:" #: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "expression?\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" "expressao?\n" "```" #: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:9 msgid "works the same as" msgstr "funciona da mesma forma que" #: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:11 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "match expression {\n" " Ok(value) => value,\n" " Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" "match expressao {\n" " Ok(valor) => valor,\n" " Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:18 msgid "" "The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to the " "type returned by the function:" msgstr "" "A chamada `From::from` aqui significa que tentamos converter o tipo de erro " "para o tipo retornado pela função:" #: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:3 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::error::Error;\n" "use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n" "use std::fs::{self, File};\n" "use std::io::{self, Read};\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "enum ReadUsernameError {\n" " IoError(io::Error),\n" " EmptyUsername(String),\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}\n" "\n" "impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n" " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n" " match self {\n" " Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {e}\"),\n" " Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username " "in {filename}\"),\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl From for ReadUsernameError {\n" " fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n" " ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" " File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" " if username.is_empty() {\n" " return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n" " }\n" " Ok(username)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" " let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n" " println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::error::Error;\n" "use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n" "use std::fs::{self, File};\n" "use std::io::{self, Read};\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "enum LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" " ErroEs(io::Error),\n" " NomeUsuarioVazio(String),\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Error for LerNomeUsuarioErro {}\n" "\n" "impl Display for LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n" " match self {\n" " Self::ErroEs(e) => write!(f, \"Erro E/S: {e}\"),\n" " Self::NomeUsuarioVazio(nome_arquivo) => write!(f, \"Nome de " "usuário não encontrado em {nome_arquivo}\"),\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl From for LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" " fn from(err: io::Error) -> LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" " LerNomeUsuarioErro::ErroEs(err)\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" " let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n" " File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" " if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" " return Err(LerNomeUsuarioErro::NomeUsuarioVazio(String::" "from(caminho)));\n" " }\n" " Ok(nome_usuario)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" " let nome_usuario = ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\");\n" " println!(\"nome_usuario ou erro: {nome_usuario:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:55 msgid "" "It is good practice for all error types that don't need to be `no_std` to " "implement `std::error::Error`, which requires `Debug` and `Display`. The " "`Error` crate for `core` is only available in [nightly](https://github.com/" "rust-lang/rust/issues/103765), so not fully `no_std` compatible yet." msgstr "" "É uma boa prática para todos os tipos de erro que não precisam ser `no_std` " "implementar `std::error::Error`, que requer `Debug` e `Display`. O _crate_ " "`Error` para `core` só está disponível em [nightly](https://github.com/rust-" "lang/rust/issues/103765), então ainda não é totalmente compatível com " "`no_std`." #: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:57 msgid "" "It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too where " "possible, to make life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In " "this case we can't easily do so, because `io::Error` doesn't implement them." msgstr "" "Geralmente é útil para eles implementar `Clone` e `Eq` também quando " "possível, para tornar mais fácil a vida para testes e consumidores da sua " "biblioteca. Neste caso, não podemos fazê-lo facilmente, porque `io::Error` " "não os implementa." #: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:3 msgid "" "The [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) crate is a popular way to create " "an error enum like we did on the previous page:" msgstr "" "O _crate_ [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) é uma maneira popular de " "criar um tipo enumerado (_enum_) de erro, como fizemos na página anterior:" #: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use std::{fs, io};\n" "use std::io::Read;\n" "use thiserror::Error;\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n" "enum ReadUsernameError {\n" " #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n" " IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n" " #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n" " EmptyUsername(String),\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" " let mut username = String::new();\n" " fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" " if username.is_empty() {\n" " return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n" " }\n" " Ok(username)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" " match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" " Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" " Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use std::{fs, io};\n" "use std::io::Read;\n" "use thiserror::Error;\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n" "enum LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" " #[error(\"Não é possivel ler: {0}\")]\n" " ErroES(#[from] io::Error),\n" " #[error(\"Nome de usuário não encontrado em {0}\")]\n" " NomeUsuarioVazio(String),\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" " let mut nome_usuario = String::new();\n" " fs::File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" " if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" " return Err(LerNomeUsuarioErro::NomeUsuarioVazio(String::" "from(caminho)));\n" " }\n" " Ok(nome_usuario)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" " match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n" " Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"Nome do usuário: {nome_usuario}\"),\n" " Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err}\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:39 msgid "" "`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, and " "optionally `Display` (if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) and " "`From` (if the `#[from]` attribute is added). It also works for structs." msgstr "" "A _derive macro_ `thiserror` implementa automaticamente `std::error::Error`, " "e opcionalmente, `Display` (se os atributos `#[error(...)]` forem " "fornecidos) e `From` (se o atributo `#[from]` for adicionado). Também " "funciona para _structs_." #: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:43 msgid "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries." msgstr "Não afeta sua API pública, o que a torna boa para bibliotecas." #: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:3 msgid "" "Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing " "our own enum covering all the different possibilities. `std::error::Error` " "makes this easy." msgstr "" "Às vezes, queremos permitir que qualquer tipo de erro seja retornado sem " "escrever nosso próprio `Enum` abrangendo todas as diferentes possibilidades. " "`std::error::Error` torna isso fácil." #: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use std::fs;\n" "use std::io::Read;\n" "use thiserror::Error;\n" "use std::error::Error;\n" "\n" "#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n" "#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n" "struct EmptyUsernameError(String);\n" "\n" "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result> {\n" " let mut username = String::new();\n" " fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" " if username.is_empty() {\n" " return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n" " }\n" " Ok(username)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" " match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" " Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" " Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use std::fs;\n" "use std::io::Read;\n" "use thiserror::Error;\n" "use std::error::Error;\n" "\n" "#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n" "#[error(\"Nome de usuário não encontrado em {0}\")]\n" "struct NomeUsuarioVazioErro(String);\n" "\n" "fn ler_nome_usuario(path: &str) -> Result> {\n" " let mut nome_usuario = String::new();\n" " fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" " if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" " return Err(NomeUsuarioVazioErro(String::from(path)).into());\n" " }\n" " Ok(nome_usuario)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" " match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n" " Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"nome_usuario: {nome_usuario}\"),\n" " Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err}\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:36 msgid "" "This saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle different " "error cases differently in the program. As such it's generally not a good " "idea to use `Box` in the public API of a library, but it can be a " "good option in a program where you just want to display the error message " "somewhere." msgstr "" "Isso economiza código, mas abre mão da capacidade de lidar com diferentes " "casos de erro de maneira diferenciada no programa. Como tal, geralmente não " "é uma boa ideia usar `Box` na API pública de uma biblioteca, mas " "pode ser uma boa opção em um programa onde você deseja apenas exibir a " "mensagem de erro em algum lugar." #: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:3 msgid "" "The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add " "contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer custom " "error types:" msgstr "" "O `crate` [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) é amplamente usado e pode lhe " "ajudar a adicionar informações contextuais aos seus erros, permitindo que " "você tenha menos tipos de erros personalizados:" #: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use std::{fs, io};\n" "use std::io::Read;\n" "use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n" "\n" "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" " fs::File::open(path)\n" " .with_context(|| format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n" " .read_to_string(&mut username)\n" " .context(\"Failed to read\")?;\n" " if username.is_empty() {\n" " bail!(\"Found no username in {path}\");\n" " }\n" " Ok(username)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" " match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" " Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" " Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use std::{fs, io};\n" "use std::io::Read;\n" "use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n" "\n" "fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" " let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n" " fs::File::open(caminho)\n" " .with_context(|| format!(\"Falha ao abrir {caminho}\"))?\n" " .read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)\n" " .context(\"Falha ao ler\")?;\n" " if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" " bail!(\"Nome de usuário não encontrado em {caminho}\");\n" " }\n" " Ok(nome_usuario)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" " match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n" " Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"nome_usuario: {nome_usuario}\"),\n" " Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err:?}\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:35 msgid "`anyhow::Result` is a type alias for `Result`." msgstr "" "`anyhow::Result` é um apelido de tipo para `Result`." #: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:36 msgid "" "`anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box`. As such " "it's again generally not a good choice for the public API of a library, but " "is widely used in applications." msgstr "" "`anyhow::Error` é essencialmente um wrapper em torno de `Box`. " "Como tal, geralmente não é uma boa escolha para a API pública de uma " "biblioteca, mas é amplamente utilizado em aplicações." #: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:38 msgid "" "Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if necessary." msgstr "" "O tipo de erro real dentro dele pode ser extraído para exame, se necessário." #: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:39 msgid "" "Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result` may be familiar to Go " "developers, as it provides similar usage patterns and ergonomics to `(T, " "error)` from Go." msgstr "" "A funcionalidade fornecida por `anyhow::Result` pode ser familiar para " "desenvolvedores Go, pois fornece padrões de uso e ergonomia semelhantes a " "`(T, error)` de Go." #: src/testing.md:3 msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:" msgstr "Rust e Cargo vêm com uma estrutura de testes unitários simples:" #: src/testing.md:5 msgid "Unit tests are supported throughout your code." msgstr "Testes unitários são suportados em todo o seu código." #: src/testing.md:7 msgid "Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory." msgstr "Testes de integração são suportados através do diretório `tests/`." #: src/testing/unit-tests.md:3 msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:" msgstr "Marque os testes unitários com `#[test]`:" #: src/testing/unit-tests.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable,ignore\n" "fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n" " match text.find(' ') {\n" " Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n" " None => &text,\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_empty() {\n" " assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_single_word() {\n" " assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_multiple_words() {\n" " assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable,ignore\n" "fn primeira_palavra(texto: &str) -> &str {\n" " match texto.find(' ') {\n" " Some(idx) => &texto[..idx],\n" " None => &texto,\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn teste_vazio() {\n" " assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"\"), \"\");\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn teste_palavra_unica() {\n" " assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn teste_palavras_multiplas() {\n" " assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/testing/unit-tests.md:29 msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests." msgstr "Use `cargo test` para encontrar e executar os testes unitários." #: src/testing/test-modules.md:3 msgid "" "Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the [Playground]" "(https://play.rust-lang.org/)):" msgstr "" "Testes unitários geralmente são colocados em um módulo aninhado (execute " "testes no [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):" #: src/testing/test-modules.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n" " format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub fn main() {\n" " println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[cfg(test)]\n" "mod tests {\n" " use super::*;\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_helper() {\n" " assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn auxiliar(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n" " format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub fn main() {\n" " println!(\"{}\", auxiliar(\"Olá\", \"Mundo\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[cfg(test)]\n" "mod tests {\n" " use super::*;\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn teste_auxiliar() {\n" " assert_eq!(auxiliar(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/testing/test-modules.md:26 msgid "This lets you unit test private helpers." msgstr "Isso permite que você tenha testes unitários auxiliares privados." #: src/testing/test-modules.md:27 msgid "The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`." msgstr "" "O atributo `#[cfg(test)]` somente fica ativo quando você executa `cargo " "test`." #: src/testing/doc-tests.md:3 msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:" msgstr "Rust tem suporte embutido para testes de documentação:" #: src/testing/doc-tests.md:5 msgid "" "```rust\n" "/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n" "///\n" "/// ```\n" "/// use playground::shorten_string;\n" "/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n" "/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n" "/// ```\n" "pub fn shorten_string(s: &str, length: usize) -> &str {\n" " &s[..std::cmp::min(length, s.len())]\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust\n" "/// Encurta uma string para o comprimento especificado.\n" "///\n" "/// ```\n" "/// use playground::encurtar_string;\n" "/// assert_eq!(encurtar_string(\"Olá Mundo\", 4), \"Olá\");\n" "/// assert_eq!(encurtar_string(\"Olá Mundo\", 20), \"Olá Mundo\");\n" "/// ```\n" "pub fn encurtar_string(s: &str, comprimento: usize) -> &str {\n" " &s[..std::cmp::min(comprimento, s.len())]\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/testing/doc-tests.md:18 msgid "Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code." msgstr "" "Blocos de código em comentários `///` são vistos automaticamente como código " "Rust." #: src/testing/doc-tests.md:19 msgid "The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`." msgstr "O código será compilado e executado como parte do `cargo test`." #: src/testing/doc-tests.md:20 msgid "" "Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" "version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." msgstr "" "Teste o código acima no [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" "version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." #: src/testing/integration-tests.md:3 msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test." msgstr "" "Se quiser testar sua biblioteca como um cliente, use um teste de integração." #: src/testing/integration-tests.md:5 msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:" msgstr "Crie um arquivo `.rs` em `tests/`:" #: src/testing/integration-tests.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "use my_library::init;\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_init() {\n" " assert!(init().is_ok());\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" "use minha_biblioteca::iniciar;\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn teste_iniciar() {\n" " assert!(iniciar().is_ok());\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/testing/integration-tests.md:16 msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate." msgstr "Esses testes têm acesso somente à API pública do seu `crate`." #: src/testing/useful-crates.md:1 msgid "Useful crates for writing tests" msgstr "_Crates_ Úteis para Escrever Testes" #: src/testing/useful-crates.md:3 msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests." msgstr "Rust possui apenas suporte básico para escrever testes." #: src/testing/useful-crates.md:5 msgid "Here are some additional crates which we recommend for writing tests:" msgstr "" "Estes são alguns _crates_ adicionais que recomendamos para a escrita de " "testes:" #: src/testing/useful-crates.md:7 msgid "" "[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Comprehensive test assertion " "library in the tradition of GoogleTest for C++." msgstr "" "[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Biblioteca abrangente para testes " "de assertividade na tradição de GoogleTest para C++." #: src/testing/useful-crates.md:8 msgid "[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Property-based testing for Rust." msgstr "" "[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Testes baseados em propriedades para " "Rust." #: src/testing/useful-crates.md:9 msgid "" "[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Support for fixtures and parameterised " "tests." msgstr "" "[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Suporte para testes parametrizados e " "acessórios." #: src/unsafe.md:3 msgid "The Rust language has two parts:" msgstr "A linguagem Rust tem duas partes:" #: src/unsafe.md:5 msgid "**Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible." msgstr "" "**Rust Seguro (_Safe_):** memória segura, nenhum comportamento indefinido é " "possível." #: src/unsafe.md:6 msgid "" "**Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are " "violated." msgstr "" "**Rust Inseguro (_Unsafe_):** pode desencadear comportamento indefinido se " "pré-condições forem violadas." #: src/unsafe.md:8 msgid "" "We will be seeing mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to " "know what Unsafe Rust is." msgstr "" "Veremos principalmente Rust seguro neste curso, mas é importante saber o que " "é Rust inseguro (_unsafe_)." #: src/unsafe.md:11 msgid "" "Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be " "carefully documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer." msgstr "" "Código inseguro é geralmente pequeno e isolado, e seu funcionamento correto " "deve ser cuidadosamente documentado. Geralmente é envolto em uma camada de " "abstração segura." #: src/unsafe.md:14 msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:" msgstr "O código inseguro do Rust oferece acesso a cinco novos recursos:" #: src/unsafe.md:16 msgid "Dereference raw pointers." msgstr "Desreferenciar ponteiros brutos." #: src/unsafe.md:17 msgid "Access or modify mutable static variables." msgstr "Acessar ou modificar variáveis estáticas mutáveis." #: src/unsafe.md:18 msgid "Access `union` fields." msgstr "Acessar os campos de uma `union`." #: src/unsafe.md:19 msgid "Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions." msgstr "" "Chamar funções inseguras (`unsafe`), incluindo funções `extern` (externas)." #: src/unsafe.md:20 msgid "Implement `unsafe` traits." msgstr "Implementar _traits_ inseguros (`unsafe` traits)." #: src/unsafe.md:22 msgid "" "We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please see " "[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-" "unsafe-rust.html) and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)." msgstr "" "A seguir, abordaremos brevemente os recursos inseguros. Para detalhes " "completos, consulte o [Capítulo 19.1 no Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html) e o [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "nomicon/)." #: src/unsafe.md:28 msgid "" "Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers " "have turned off the compiler safety features and have to write correct code " "by themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety " "rules." msgstr "" "Rust inseguro não significa que o código esteja incorreto. Significa que os " "desenvolvedores desligaram os recursos de segurança do compilador e precisam " "escrever o código corretamente por eles mesmos. Significa também que o " "compilador não impõe mais as regras de segurança de memória do Rust." #: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:3 msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:" msgstr "Criar ponteiros é seguro, mas desreferenciá-los requer `unsafe`:" #: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut num = 5;\n" "\n" " let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n" " let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n" "\n" " // Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are\n" " // guaranteed to be non-null and properly aligned, the objects " "underlying\n" " // the references from which they were obtained are live throughout the\n" " // whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n" " // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n" " unsafe {\n" " println!(\"r1 is: {}\", *r1);\n" " *r1 = 10;\n" " println!(\"r2 is: {}\", *r2);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut num = 5;\n" "\n" " let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n" " let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n" "\n" " // Seguro porque r1 e r2 foram obtidos através de referências e logo é\n" " // garantido que eles não sejam nulos e sejam propriamente alinhados, os " "objetos\n" " // cujas referências foram obtidas são válidos por\n" " // todo o bloco inseguro, e eles não sejam acessados tanto através das\n" " // referências ou concorrentemente através de outros ponteiros.\n" " unsafe {\n" " println!(\"r1 é: {}\", *r1);\n" " *r1 = 10;\n" " println!(\"r2 é: {}\", *r2);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:27 msgid "" "It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write " "a comment for each `unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it " "satisfies the safety requirements of the unsafe operations it is doing." msgstr "" "É uma boa prática (e exigida pelo guia de estilo do Android Rust) escrever " "um comentário para cada bloco `unsafe` explicando como o código dentro dele " "satisfaz os requisitos de segurança para a operação insegura que está " "fazendo." #: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:31 msgid "" "In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be " "[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:" msgstr "" "No caso de desreferência de ponteiros, isso significa que os ponteiros devem " "ser [_válidos_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), ou " "seja:" #: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:34 msgid "The pointer must be non-null." msgstr "O ponteiro deve ser não nulo." #: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:35 msgid "" "The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single " "allocated object)." msgstr "" "O ponteiro deve ser _desreferenciável_ (dentro dos limites de um único " "objeto alocado)." #: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:36 msgid "The object must not have been deallocated." msgstr "O objeto não deve ter sido desalocado." #: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:37 msgid "There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location." msgstr "Não deve haver acessos simultâneos à mesma localização." #: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:38 msgid "" "If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object " "must be live and no reference may be used to access the memory." msgstr "" "Se o ponteiro foi obtido lançando uma referência, o objeto subjacente deve " "estar válido e nenhuma referência pode ser usada para acessar a memória." #: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:41 msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned." msgstr "" "Na maioria dos casos, o ponteiro também deve estar alinhado corretamente." #: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:3 msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:" msgstr "É seguro ler uma variável estática imutável:" #: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "static OLA_MUNDO: &str = \"Olá, mundo!\";\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"OLA_MUNDO: {OLA_MUNDO}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:13 msgid "" "However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable " "static variables:" msgstr "" "No entanto, como podem ocorrer corridas de dados, não é seguro ler e gravar " "dados em variáveis estáticas mutáveis:" #: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:16 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;\n" "\n" "fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n" " unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potential data race!\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " add_to_counter(42);\n" "\n" " unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potential data race!\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "static mut CONTADOR: u32 = 0;\n" "\n" "fn adicionar_ao_contador(inc: u32) {\n" " unsafe { CONTADOR += inc; } // Corrida de dados potencial!\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " adicionar_ao_contador(42);\n" "\n" " unsafe { println!(\"CONTADOR: {CONTADOR}\"); } // Corrida de dados " "potencial!\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:32 msgid "" "Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases " "where it might make sense in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a " "heap allocator or working with some C APIs." msgstr "" "Usar uma variável estática mutável geralmente é uma má ideia, mas há alguns " "casos em que isso pode fazer sentido, tais como em código `no_std` de baixo " "nível, como implementar um alocador de heap ou trabalhar com algumas APIs C." #: src/unsafe/unions.md:3 msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:" msgstr "" "_Unions_ são como _enums_, mas você mesmo precisa rastrear o campo ativo:" #: src/unsafe/unions.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[repr(C)]\n" "union MyUnion {\n" " i: u8,\n" " b: bool,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n" " println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n" " println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Undefined behavior!\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "#[repr(C)]\n" "union MinhaUnion {\n" " i: u8,\n" " b: bool,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let u = MinhaUnion { i: 42 };\n" " println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n" " println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Comportamento indefinido!\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/unsafe/unions.md:21 msgid "" "Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They " "are occasionally needed for interacting with C library APIs." msgstr "" "_Unions_ raramente são necessárias no Rust, pois geralmente você pode usar " "um _enum_. Elas são ocasionalmente necessárias para interagir com as APIs da " "biblioteca C." #: src/unsafe/unions.md:24 msgid "" "If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably want " "[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn." "transmute.html) or a safe wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/" "crates/zerocopy) crate." msgstr "" "Se você deseja apenas reinterpretar os bytes como um tipo diferente, você " "provavelmente deveria usar [`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" "stable/std/mem/fn.transmute.html) ou um wrapper seguro como o _crate_ " "[`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy)." #: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:3 msgid "" "A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions " "you must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:" msgstr "" "Uma função ou método pode ser marcado como `unsafe` se houver pré-condições " "extras que você deve respeitar para evitar comportamento indefinido:" #: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n" "\n" " // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds " "of\n" " // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n" " unsafe {\n" " println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n" " println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n" " println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n" " }\n" "\n" " println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis." "get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n" "\n" " // Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n" " // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n" " // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis." "get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n" " s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n" "\n" " // Seguro porque os índices estão na ordem correta, dentro dos limites " "da\n" " // slice da string, e contido dentro da sequência UTF-8.\n" " unsafe {\n" " println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n" " println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n" " println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n" " }\n" "\n" " println!(\"contador de caracteres: {}\", contador_caracteres(unsafe " "{ emojis.get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n" "\n" " // Não manter o requerimento de codificação UTF-8 viola segurança de " "memória!\n" " // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n" " // println!(\"contador caracter: {}\", contador_caracteres(unsafe " "{ emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn contador_caracteres(s: &str) -> usize {\n" " s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:3 msgid "" "You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular " "conditions to avoid undefined behaviour." msgstr "" "Você pode marcar suas próprias funções como _inseguras_ (`unsafe`) se elas " "exigirem condições específicas para evitar comportamentos indefinidos." #: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n" "///\n" "/// # Safety\n" "///\n" "/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n" "unsafe fn swap(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n" " let temp = *a;\n" " *a = *b;\n" " *b = temp;\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut a = 42;\n" " let mut b = 66;\n" "\n" " // Safe because ...\n" " unsafe {\n" " swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n" " }\n" "\n" " println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "/// Troca os valores apontadoes pelos ponteiros fornecidos.\n" "///\n" "/// # Segurança\n" "///\n" "/// Os ponteiros precisam ser válidos e corretamente alinhados.\n" "unsafe fn trocar(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n" " let temp = *a;\n" " *a = *b;\n" " *b = temp;\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut a = 42;\n" " let mut b = 66;\n" "\n" " // Seguro porque ...\n" " unsafe {\n" " trocar(&mut a, &mut b);\n" " }\n" "\n" " println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:33 msgid "" "We wouldn't actually use pointers for this because it can be done safely " "with references." msgstr "" "Na verdade, não usaríamos ponteiros para essa operação porque isso pode ser " "feito com segurança usando referências." #: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:35 msgid "" "Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an " "`unsafe` block. We can prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. " "Try adding it and see what happens." msgstr "" "Observe que o código _inseguro_ é permitido dentro de uma função _insegura_ " "sem o uso de um bloco `unsafe`. Podemos proibir isso com " "`#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Tente adicioná-lo e veja o que acontece." #: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:1 msgid "Calling External Code" msgstr "Chamando Código Externo" #: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:3 msgid "" "Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. Calling " "them is thus unsafe:" msgstr "" "Funções de outras linguagens podem violar as garantias do Rust. Logo, chamá-" "las é inseguro:" #: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "extern \"C\" {\n" " fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " unsafe {\n" " // Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n" " println!(\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\", abs(-3));\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "extern \"C\" {\n" " fn abs(entrada: i32) -> i32;\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " unsafe {\n" " // Comportamento indefinido se abs se comportar mal.\n" " println!(\"Valor absoluto de -3 de acordo com C: {}\", abs(-3));\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:21 msgid "" "This is usually only a problem for extern functions which do things with " "pointers which might violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C " "function might have undefined behaviour under any arbitrary circumstances." msgstr "" "Normalmente isso é apenas um problema para funções externas que fazem coisas " "com ponteiros que podem violar o modelo de memória do Rust, mas em geral " "qualquer função C pode ter comportamento indefinido sob quaisquer " "circunstâncias arbitrárias." #: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:25 msgid "" "The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI; [other ABIs are available too]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)." msgstr "" "O `\"C\"` neste exemplo é o ABI; [outros ABIs também estão disponíveis]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)." #: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:3 msgid "" "Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation " "must guarantee particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour." msgstr "" "Assim como nas funções, você pode marcar um `trait` como `unsafe` se a " "implementação precisa garantir condições particulares para evitar " "comportamento indefinido." #: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:6 msgid "" "For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks [something " "like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):" msgstr "" "Por exemplo, o _crate_ `zerocopy` tem um _trait_ inseguro que parece [algo " "assim](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):" #: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:9 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::mem::size_of_val;\n" "use std::slice;\n" "\n" "/// ...\n" "/// # Safety\n" "/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n" "pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n" " fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n" " unsafe {\n" " slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, " "size_of_val(self))\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n" "unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::mem::size_of_val;\n" "use std::slice;\n" "\n" "/// ...\n" "/// # Segurança\n" "/// O tipo precisa ter uma representação definida e nenhum preenchimento.\n" "pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n" " fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n" " unsafe {\n" " slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, " "size_of_val(self))\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// Seguro porque u32 possui uma representação definida e sem preenchimento.\n" "unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n" "```" #: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:30 msgid "" "There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining " "the requirements for the trait to be safely implemented." msgstr "" "Deve haver uma seção `# Safety` no Rustdoc para o `trait` explicando os " "requisitos para ser implementado com segurança." #: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:33 msgid "" "The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more " "complicated." msgstr "" "Na verdade, a seção de segurança para `AsBytes` é bem mais longa e " "complicada." #: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:35 msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe." msgstr "Os _traits_ integrados `Send` e `Sync` são inseguros." #: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:1 msgid "Day 3: Afternoon Exercises" msgstr "Dia 3: Exercícios da Tarde" #: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:3 msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!" msgstr "Vamos construir um wrapper seguro para ler o conteúdo do diretório!" #: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:5 msgid "" "For this exercise, we suggest using a local dev environment instead of the " "Playground. This will allow you to run your binary on your own machine." msgstr "" "Para este exercício, nós sugerimos a utilizaçao de um ambiente de " "desenvolvimento local ao invés do _Playground_. Isto lhe permitirá executar " "o binário na sua própria máquina." #: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:8 msgid "" "To get started, follow the [running locally](../../cargo/running-locally.md) " "instructions." msgstr "" "Para começar, siga as instruçoes para [rodar localmente](../../cargo/running-" "locally.md)." #: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:14 msgid "" "After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution](solutions-" "afternoon.md) provided." msgstr "" "Depois de ver o exercício, você pode ver a [solução](solutions-afternoon.md) " "fornecida." #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:3 msgid "" "Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function " "interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc` " "functions you would use from C to read the filenames of a directory." msgstr "" "Rust tem ótimo suporte para chamar funções por meio de uma interface para " "funções externas (_Function Foreign Interface_ - FFI). Usaremos isso para " "construir um _wrapper_ (invólucro) seguro para as funções da `libc` de C que " "você usaria para ler os nomes dos arquivos de um diretório." #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:7 msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:" msgstr "Você vai querer consultar as páginas do manual:" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:9 msgid "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)" msgstr "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:10 msgid "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)" msgstr "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:11 msgid "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)" msgstr "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:13 msgid "" "You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" "ffi/) module. There you find a number of string types which you need for the " "exercise:" msgstr "" "Você também vai querer navegar pelo módulo [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-" "lang.org/std/ffi/). Lá você encontrará um número de tipos de string que você " "precisará para o exercício:" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16 msgid "Encoding" msgstr "Codificação" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16 msgid "Use" msgstr "Uso" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18 msgid "" "[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) and [`String`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)" msgstr "" "[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) e [`String`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18 msgid "UTF-8" msgstr "UTF-8" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18 msgid "Text processing in Rust" msgstr "Processamento de texto em Rust" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19 msgid "" "[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) and [`CString`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)" msgstr "" "[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) e [`CString`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19 msgid "NUL-terminated" msgstr "terminado em NUL" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19 msgid "Communicating with C functions" msgstr "Comunicação com funções em C" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20 msgid "" "[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) and " "[`OsString`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)" msgstr "" "[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) e [`OsString`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20 msgid "OS-specific" msgstr "específico ao SO" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20 msgid "Communicating with the OS" msgstr "Comunicação com o SO" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:22 msgid "You will convert between all these types:" msgstr "Você irá converter entre todos estes tipos:" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:24 msgid "" "`&str` to `CString`: you need to allocate space for a trailing `\\0` " "character," msgstr "" "`&str` para `CString`: você precisa alocar espaço para o caracter terminador " "`\\0`," #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:25 msgid "`CString` to `*const i8`: you need a pointer to call C functions," msgstr "" "`CString` para `*const i8`: você precisa de um ponteiro para chamar funções " "em C," #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:26 msgid "" "`*const i8` to `&CStr`: you need something which can find the trailing `\\0` " "character," msgstr "" "`*const i8` para `&CStr`: você você precisa de algo que pode encontrar o " "caracter terminador `\\0`," #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:27 msgid "" "`&CStr` to `&[u8]`: a slice of bytes is the universal interface for \"some " "unknow data\"," msgstr "" "`&CStr` para `&[u8]`: um _slice_ de bytes é a interface universal para " "\"algum dado desconhecido\"," #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:28 msgid "" "`&[u8]` to `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` is a step towards `OsString`, use [`OsStrExt`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) to create it," msgstr "" "`&[u8]` para `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` é um passo em direção a `OsString`, use " "[`OsStrExt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) " "para criá-lo," #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:31 msgid "" "`&OsStr` to `OsString`: you need to clone the data in `&OsStr` to be able to " "return it and call `readdir` again." msgstr "" "`&OsStr` para `OsString`: você precisa clonar os dados em `&OsStr` para " "poder retorná-lo e chamar `readdir` novamente." #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:34 msgid "" "The [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) also has a very " "useful chapter about FFI." msgstr "" "O [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) também tem um " "capítulo bastante útil sobre FFI." #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:45 msgid "" "Copy the code below to and fill in the missing " "functions and methods:" msgstr "" "Copie o código abaixo para e implemente as " "funções e métodos que faltam:" #: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:48 msgid "" "```rust,should_panic\n" "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" "#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" "\n" "mod ffi {\n" " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n" " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" " use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n" "\n" " // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" " #[repr(C)]\n" " pub struct DIR {\n" " _data: [u8; 0],\n" " _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::" "PhantomPinned)>,\n" " }\n" "\n" " // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t " "and\n" " // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n" " // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n" " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" " #[repr(C)]\n" " pub struct dirent {\n" " pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n" " pub d_off: c_long,\n" " pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" " pub d_type: c_uchar,\n" " pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" " }\n" "\n" " // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n" " #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" " #[repr(C)]\n" " pub struct dirent {\n" " pub d_fileno: u64,\n" " pub d_seekoff: u64,\n" " pub d_reclen: u16,\n" " pub d_namlen: u16,\n" " pub d_type: u8,\n" " pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n" " }\n" "\n" " extern \"C\" {\n" " pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" "\n" " #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n" " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" "\n" " // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section " "on\n" " // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n" " //\n" " // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" " "refers\n" " // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and " "PowerPC.\n" " #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n" " #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n" " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" "\n" " pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" "use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct DirectoryIterator {\n" " path: CString,\n" " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl DirectoryIterator {\n" " fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" " // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" " // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" " type Item = OsString;\n" " fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" " // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" " fn drop(&mut self) {\n" " // Call closedir as needed.\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" " println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" " Ok(())\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,should_panic\n" "// TODO: remova isto com estiver terminado com sua implementação.\n" "#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" "\n" "mod ffi {\n" " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n" " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" " use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n" "\n" " // Tipo opaco. Veja https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" " #[repr(C)]\n" " pub struct DIR {\n" " _data: [u8; 0],\n" " _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::" "PhantomPinned)>,\n" " }\n" "\n" " // Layout de acordo com a página man do Linux para readdir(3), onde " "ino_t e\n" " // off_t são resolvidos de acordo com as definições em\n" " // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n" " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" " #[repr(C)]\n" " pub struct dirent {\n" " pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n" " pub d_off: c_long,\n" " pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" " pub d_type: c_uchar,\n" " pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" " }\n" "\n" " // Layout de acordo com a página man do macOS man page para dir(5).\n" " #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" " #[repr(C)]\n" " pub struct dirent {\n" " pub d_fileno: u64,\n" " pub d_seekoff: u64,\n" " pub d_reclen: u16,\n" " pub d_namlen: u16,\n" " pub d_type: u8,\n" " pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n" " }\n" "\n" " extern \"C\" {\n" " pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" "\n" " #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n" " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" "\n" " // Veja https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 e a seção " "sobre\n" " // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE na página man do macOS para " "stat(2).\n" " //\n" " // \"Plataformas que existiram antes destas atualizações estarem " "disponíveis\" refere-se\n" " // ao macOS (ao contrário do iOS / wearOS / etc.) em Intel e " "PowerPC.\n" " #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n" " #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n" " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" "\n" " pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" "use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct DirectoryIterator {\n" " path: CString,\n" " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl DirectoryIterator {\n" " fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" " // Chama opendir e retorna um valor Ok se funcionar,\n" " // ou retorna Err com uma mensagem.\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" " type Item = OsString;\n" " fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" " // Continua chamando readdir até nós obtermos um ponteiro NULL de " "volta.\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" " fn drop(&mut self) {\n" " // Chama closedir se necessário.\n" " unimplemented!()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" " println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" " Ok(())\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android.md:1 msgid "Welcome to Rust in Android" msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Rust para Android" #: src/android.md:3 msgid "" "Rust is supported for native platform development on Android. This means " "that you can write new operating system services in Rust, as well as " "extending existing services." msgstr "" "Rust tem suporte para desenvolvimento de plataforma nativa no Android. Isso " "significa que você pode escrever novos serviços de sistema operacional em " "Rust, bem como estender serviços existentes." #: src/android.md:7 msgid "" "We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to " "find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code " "to Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something " "that parses some raw bytes would be ideal." msgstr "" "Hoje tentaremos chamar Rust a partir de um de seus próprios projetos. Então " "tente encontrar um cantinho da sua base de código onde podemos mover algumas " "linhas de código para o Rust. Quanto menos dependências e tipos " "\"exóticos\", melhor. Algo que analise alguns bytes brutos seria o ideal." #: src/android/setup.md:3 msgid "" "We will be using an Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make sure you " "have access to one or create a new one with:" msgstr "" "Iremos usar o um dispositivo virtual Android para testar nosso código. " "Assegure-se de ter acesso a um ou crie um novo com:" #: src/android/setup.md:6 msgid "" "```shell\n" "source build/envsetup.sh\n" "lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n" "acloud create\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "source build/envsetup.sh\n" "lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n" "acloud create\n" "```" #: src/android/setup.md:12 msgid "" "Please see the [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/" "setup/start) for details." msgstr "" "Consulte o [Codelab para Desenvolvedor Android](https://source.android.com/" "docs/setup/start) para maiores detalhes." #: src/android/build-rules.md:3 msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:" msgstr "" "O sistema de compilação do Android (Soong) oferece suporte ao Rust por meio " "de vários módulos:" #: src/android/build-rules.md:5 msgid "Module Type" msgstr "Tipo de módulo" #: src/android/build-rules.md:5 msgid "Description" msgstr "Descrição" #: src/android/build-rules.md:7 msgid "`rust_binary`" msgstr "`rust_binary`" #: src/android/build-rules.md:7 msgid "Produces a Rust binary." msgstr "Produz um binário Rust." #: src/android/build-rules.md:8 msgid "`rust_library`" msgstr "`rust_library`" #: src/android/build-rules.md:8 msgid "Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and `dylib` variants." msgstr "Produz uma biblioteca Rust e fornece as variantes `rlib` e `dylib`." #: src/android/build-rules.md:9 msgid "`rust_ffi`" msgstr "`rust_ffi`" #: src/android/build-rules.md:9 msgid "" "Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and provides both static " "and shared variants." msgstr "" "Produz uma biblioteca Rust C utilizável por módulos `cc` e fornece variantes " "estáticas e compartilhadas." #: src/android/build-rules.md:10 msgid "`rust_proc_macro`" msgstr "`rust_proc_macro`" #: src/android/build-rules.md:10 msgid "" "Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are analogous to compiler " "plugins." msgstr "" "Produz uma biblioteca Rust `proc-macro`. Estes são análogos aos plugins do " "compilador." #: src/android/build-rules.md:11 msgid "`rust_test`" msgstr "`rust_test`" #: src/android/build-rules.md:11 msgid "Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard Rust test harness." msgstr "" "Produz um binário de teste Rust que usa a funcionalidade padrão de teste do " "Rust." #: src/android/build-rules.md:12 msgid "`rust_fuzz`" msgstr "`rust_fuzz`" #: src/android/build-rules.md:12 msgid "Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging `libfuzzer`." msgstr "Produz um binário Rust fuzz aproveitando `libfuzzer`." #: src/android/build-rules.md:13 msgid "`rust_protobuf`" msgstr "`rust_protobuf`" #: src/android/build-rules.md:13 msgid "" "Generates source and produces a Rust library that provides an interface for " "a particular protobuf." msgstr "" "Gera o código-fonte e produz uma biblioteca Rust que fornece uma interface " "para um _protobuf_ específico." #: src/android/build-rules.md:14 msgid "`rust_bindgen`" msgstr "`rust_bindgen`" #: src/android/build-rules.md:14 msgid "" "Generates source and produces a Rust library containing Rust bindings to C " "libraries." msgstr "" "Gera fonte e produz uma biblioteca Rust contendo vínculos em Rust para " "bibliotecas C." #: src/android/build-rules.md:16 msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next." msgstr "Veremos `rust_binary` e `rust_library` a seguir." #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:1 msgid "Rust Binaries" msgstr "Binários do Rust" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:3 msgid "" "Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, " "create the following files:" msgstr "" "Vamos começar com um aplicativo simples. Na raiz de um checkout AOSP, crie " "os seguintes arquivos:" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:6 src/android/build-rules/library.md:13 msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:" msgstr "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:8 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "rust_binary {\n" " name: \"hello_rust\",\n" " crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "rust_binary {\n" " name: \"hello_rust\",\n" " crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:16 src/android/build-rules/library.md:34 msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:18 msgid "" "```rust\n" "//! Rust demo.\n" "\n" "/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust\n" "//! Rust demo.\n" "\n" "/// Imprime uma saudação na saída padrão.\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"Olá do Rust!\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:27 msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:" msgstr "Agora você pode compilar, enviar e executar o binário:" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:29 msgid "" "```shell\n" "m hello_rust\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\"\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "m hello_rust\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\"\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n" "```" #: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:35 msgid "" "```text\n" "Hello from Rust!\n" "```" msgstr "" "```text\n" "Olá do Rust!\n" "```" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:1 msgid "Rust Libraries" msgstr "Bibliotecas de Rust" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:3 msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android." msgstr "" "Você usa `rust_library` para criar uma nova biblioteca Rust para Android." #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:5 msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:" msgstr "Aqui declaramos uma dependência em duas bibliotecas:" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:7 msgid "`libgreeting`, which we define below," msgstr "`libgreeting`, que definimos abaixo," #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:8 msgid "" "`libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in [`external/rust/crates/`]" "(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/" "crates/)." msgstr "" "`libtextwrap`, que é um `crate` já oferecido em [`external/rust/crates/`]" "(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/" "crates/)." #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:15 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "rust_binary {\n" " name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" " crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" " rustlibs: [\n" " \"libgreetings\",\n" " \"libtextwrap\",\n" " ],\n" " prefer_rlib: true,\n" "}\n" "\n" "rust_library {\n" " name: \"libgreetings\",\n" " crate_name: \"greetings\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "rust_binary {\n" " name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" " crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" " rustlibs: [\n" " \"libgreetings\",\n" " \"libtextwrap\",\n" " ],\n" " prefer_rlib: true,\n" "}\n" "\n" "rust_library {\n" " name: \"libgreetings\",\n" " crate_name: \"greetings\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:36 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Rust demo.\n" "\n" "use greetings::greeting;\n" "use textwrap::fill;\n" "\n" "/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Rust demo.\n" "\n" "use greetings::greeting;\n" "use textwrap::fill;\n" "\n" "/// Imprime uma saudação na saída padrão.\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:48 msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:" msgstr "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:50 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Greeting library.\n" "\n" "/// Greet `name`.\n" "pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n" " format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Greeting library.\n" "\n" "/// Saudação `nome`.\n" "pub fn greeting(nome: &str) -> String {\n" " format!(\"Olá {nome}, prazer em conhecê-lo!\")\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:59 msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:" msgstr "Você constrói, envia e executa o binário como antes:" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:61 msgid "" "```shell\n" "m hello_rust_with_dep\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/" "tmp\"\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "m hello_rust_with_dep\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/" "tmp\"\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n" "```" #: src/android/build-rules/library.md:67 msgid "" "```text\n" "Hello Bob, it is very\n" "nice to meet you!\n" "```" msgstr "" "```text\n" "Olá Bob, prazer em conhecê-lo!\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl.md:3 msgid "" "The [Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)](https://developer.android." "com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in Rust:" msgstr "" "A [Linguagem de Definição de Interface Android (AIDL)](https://developer." "android.com/guide/components/aidl) é compatível com Rust:" #: src/android/aidl.md:6 msgid "Rust code can call existing AIDL servers," msgstr "O código Rust pode chamar servidores AIDL existentes," #: src/android/aidl.md:7 msgid "You can create new AIDL servers in Rust." msgstr "Você pode criar novos servidores AIDL em Rust." #: src/android/aidl/interface.md:1 msgid "AIDL Interfaces" msgstr "Interfaces AIDL" #: src/android/aidl/interface.md:3 msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:" msgstr "Você declara a API do seu serviço usando uma interface AIDL:" #: src/android/aidl/interface.md:5 msgid "" "_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:" msgstr "" "_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:" #: src/android/aidl/interface.md:7 msgid "" "```java\n" "package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" "\n" "/** Birthday service interface. */\n" "interface IBirthdayService {\n" " /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n" " String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```java\n" "package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" "\n" "/** Interface de serviço de aniversário. */\n" "interface IBirthdayService {\n" " /** Gera uma mensagem de feliz aniversário. */\n" " String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/interface.md:17 msgid "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:" msgstr "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:" #: src/android/aidl/interface.md:19 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "aidl_interface {\n" " name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n" " srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n" " unstable: true,\n" " backend: {\n" " rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n" " enabled: true,\n" " },\n" " },\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "aidl_interface {\n" " name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n" " srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n" " unstable: true,\n" " backend: {\n" " rust: { // Rust não está ativado por padrão\n" " enabled: true,\n" " },\n" " },\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/interface.md:32 msgid "" "Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the " "vendor partition." msgstr "" "Adicione `vendor_available: true` caso seu arquivo AIDL seja usado por um " "binário na partição _vendor_." #: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:1 msgid "Service Implementation" msgstr "Implementação do Serviço" #: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:3 msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:" msgstr "Agora podemos implementar o serviço AIDL:" #: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:5 msgid "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:" msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:" #: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" "IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" "\n" "/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n" "pub struct BirthdayService;\n" "\n" "impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n" "\n" "impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n" " fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::" "Result {\n" " Ok(format!(\n" " \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!" "\"\n" " ))\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" "IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" "\n" "/// A implementação de `IBirthdayService`.\n" "pub struct BirthdayService;\n" "\n" "impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n" "\n" "impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n" " fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::" "Result {\n" " Ok(format!(\n" " \"Feliz aniversário {name}, parabéns pelos seus {years} anos!\"\n" " ))\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:26 src/android/aidl/server.md:28 #: src/android/aidl/client.md:37 msgid "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:" msgstr "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:" #: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:28 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "rust_library {\n" " name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" " crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n" " rustlibs: [\n" " \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" " \"libbinder_rs\",\n" " ],\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "rust_library {\n" " name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" " crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n" " rustlibs: [\n" " \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" " \"libbinder_rs\",\n" " ],\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/server.md:1 msgid "AIDL Server" msgstr "Servidor AIDL" #: src/android/aidl/server.md:3 msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:" msgstr "Finalmente, podemos criar um servidor que expõe o serviço:" #: src/android/aidl/server.md:5 msgid "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:" msgstr "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:" #: src/android/aidl/server.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Birthday service.\n" "use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" "IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" "\n" "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" "\n" "/// Entry point for birthday service.\n" "fn main() {\n" " let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n" " let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n" " birthday_service,\n" " binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n" " );\n" " binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder." "as_binder())\n" " .expect(\"Failed to register service\");\n" " binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Birthday service.\n" "use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" "IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" "\n" "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" "\n" "/// Ponto de entrada para serviço de aniversário.\n" "fn main() {\n" " let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n" " let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n" " birthday_server,\n" " binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n" " );\n" " binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder." "as_binder())\n" " .expect(\"Falha ao registrar o serviço\");\n" " binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/server.md:30 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "rust_binary {\n" " name: \"birthday_server\",\n" " crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n" " rustlibs: [\n" " \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" " \"libbinder_rs\",\n" " \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" " ],\n" " prefer_rlib: true,\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "rust_binary {\n" " name: \"birthday_server\",\n" " crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n" " rustlibs: [\n" " \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" " \"libbinder_rs\",\n" " \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" " ],\n" " prefer_rlib: true,\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:3 msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:" msgstr "Agora podemos compilar, enviar e iniciar o serviço:" #: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:5 msgid "" "```shell\n" "m birthday_server\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/" "tmp\"\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "m birthday_server\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/" "tmp\"\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:11 msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:" msgstr "Em outro terminal, verifique se o serviço está sendo executado:" #: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:13 msgid "" "```shell\n" "adb shell service check birthdayservice\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "adb shell service check birthdayservice\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:17 msgid "" "```text\n" "Service birthdayservice: found\n" "```" msgstr "" "```text\n" "Service birthdayservice: found\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:21 msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:" msgstr "Você também pode chamar o serviço com `service call`:" #: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:23 msgid "" "```shell\n" "adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:27 msgid "" "```text\n" "Result: Parcel(\n" " 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n" " 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n" " 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n" " 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n" " 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n" " 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n" " 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n" " 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n" "```" msgstr "" "```text\n" "Result: Parcel(\n" " 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n" " 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n" " 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n" " 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n" " 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n" " 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n" " 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n" " 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/client.md:1 msgid "AIDL Client" msgstr "Cliente AIDL" #: src/android/aidl/client.md:3 msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service." msgstr "Por fim, podemos criar um cliente Rust para nosso novo serviço." #: src/android/aidl/client.md:5 msgid "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:" msgstr "_birthday_server/src/client.rs_:" #: src/android/aidl/client.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Birthday service.\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" "IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" "\n" "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" "\n" "/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n" "pub fn connect() -> Result, binder::" "StatusCode> {\n" " binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n" "}\n" "\n" "/// Call the birthday service.\n" "fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n" " let name = std::env::args()\n" " .nth(1)\n" " .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n" " let years = std::env::args()\n" " .nth(2)\n" " .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::().ok())\n" " .unwrap_or(42);\n" "\n" " binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n" " let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to " "BirthdayService\");\n" " let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n" " println!(\"{msg}\");\n" " Ok(())\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Birthday service.\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" "IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" "\n" "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" "\n" "/// Connecta-se ao serviço de aniversário BirthdayService.\n" "pub fn connect() -> Result, binder::" "StatusCode> {\n" " binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n" "}\n" "\n" "/// Chama o serviço de aniversário.\n" "fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n" " let name = std::env::args()\n" " .nth(1)\n" " .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n" " let years = std::env::args()\n" " .nth(2)\n" " .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::().ok())\n" " .unwrap_or(42);\n" "\n" " binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n" " let service = connect().expect(\"Falha ao conectar-se a " "BirthdayService\");\n" " let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n" " println!(\"{msg}\");\n" " Ok(())\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/client.md:39 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "rust_binary {\n" " name: \"birthday_client\",\n" " crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n" " rustlibs: [\n" " \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" " \"libbinder_rs\",\n" " ],\n" " prefer_rlib: true,\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "rust_binary {\n" " name: \"birthday_client\",\n" " crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n" " rustlibs: [\n" " \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" " \"libbinder_rs\",\n" " ],\n" " prefere_rlib: true,\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/client.md:52 msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`." msgstr "Observe que o cliente não depende de `libbirthdayservice`." #: src/android/aidl/client.md:54 msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:" msgstr "Compile, envie e execute o cliente em seu dispositivo:" #: src/android/aidl/client.md:56 msgid "" "```shell\n" "m birthday_client\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/" "tmp\"\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "m birthday_client\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/" "tmp\"\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Carlos 60\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/client.md:62 msgid "" "```text\n" "Happy Birthday Charlie, congratulations with the 60 years!\n" "```" msgstr "" "```text\n" "Feliz aniversário Carlos, parabéns pelos seus 60 anos!\n" "```" #: src/android/aidl/changing.md:3 msgid "" "Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients " "specify a list of lines for the birthday card:" msgstr "" "Vamos estender a API com mais funcionalidades: queremos permitir que os " "clientes especifiquem uma lista de frases para o cartão de aniversário:" #: src/android/aidl/changing.md:6 msgid "" "```java\n" "package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" "\n" "/** Birthday service interface. */\n" "interface IBirthdayService {\n" " /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n" " String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```java\n" "package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" "\n" "/** Interface de serviço de aniversário. */\n" "interface IBirthdayService {\n" " /** Gera uma mensagem de feliz aniversário. */\n" " String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/logging.md:3 msgid "" "You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) " "or `stdout` (on-host):" msgstr "" "Você deve usar o `crate` `log` para logar automaticamente no `logcat` (no " "dispositivo) ou `stdout` (no _host_):" #: src/android/logging.md:6 msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:" msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:" #: src/android/logging.md:8 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "rust_binary {\n" " name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n" " crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" " rustlibs: [\n" " \"liblog_rust\",\n" " \"liblogger\",\n" " ],\n" " prefer_rlib: true,\n" " host_supported: true,\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "rust_binary {\n" " name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n" " crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" " rustlibs: [\n" " \"liblog_rust\",\n" " \"liblogger\",\n" " ],\n" " prefer_rlib: true,\n" " host_supported: true,\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/logging.md:22 msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:" msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:" #: src/android/logging.md:24 msgid "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Rust logging demo.\n" "\n" "use log::{debug, error, info};\n" "\n" "/// Logs a greeting.\n" "fn main() {\n" " logger::init(\n" " logger::Config::default()\n" " .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n" " .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n" " );\n" " debug!(\"Starting program.\");\n" " info!(\"Things are going fine.\");\n" " error!(\"Something went wrong!\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,ignore\n" "//! Rust logging demo.\n" "\n" "use log::{debug, error, info};\n" "\n" "/// Registra uma saudação.\n" "fn main() {\n" " logger::init(\n" " logger::Config::default()\n" " .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n" " .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n" " );\n" " debug!(\"Iniciando programa.\");\n" " info!(\"As coisas estão indo bem.\");\n" " error!(\"Algo deu errado!\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/logging.md:42 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:98 #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:73 msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:" msgstr "Compile, envie e execute o binário em seu dispositivo:" #: src/android/logging.md:44 msgid "" "```shell\n" "m hello_rust_logs\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/" "tmp\"\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "m hello_rust_logs\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/" "tmp\"\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n" "```" #: src/android/logging.md:50 msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:" msgstr "Os logs aparecem em `adb logcat`:" #: src/android/logging.md:52 msgid "" "```shell\n" "adb logcat -s rust\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "adb logcat -s rust\n" "```" #: src/android/logging.md:56 msgid "" "```text\n" "09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Starting program.\n" "09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: Things are going " "fine.\n" "09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Something went " "wrong!\n" "```" msgstr "" "```text\n" "09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Iniciando o programa.\n" "09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: As coisas estão indo " "bem.\n" "09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Algo deu errado!\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability.md:3 msgid "" "Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This " "means that you can:" msgstr "" "O Rust tem excelente suporte para interoperabilidade com outras linguagens. " "Isso significa que você pode:" #: src/android/interoperability.md:6 msgid "Call Rust functions from other languages." msgstr "Chamar funções _Rust_ em outras linguagens." #: src/android/interoperability.md:7 msgid "Call functions written in other languages from Rust." msgstr "Chamar funções escritas em outras linguagens no _Rust_." #: src/android/interoperability.md:9 msgid "" "When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a " "_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI." msgstr "" "Quando você chama funções em outra linguagem, dizemos que você está usando " "uma _interface de função externa_, também conhecida como FFI." #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:1 msgid "Interoperability with C" msgstr "Interoperabilidade com C" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:3 msgid "" "Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention. " "Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C." msgstr "" "_Rust_ tem suporte completo para vincular arquivos de objeto com uma " "convenção de chamada C. Da mesma forma, você pode exportar funções Rust e " "chamá-las em C." #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:6 msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:" msgstr "Você pode fazer isso manualmente se quiser:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:8 msgid "" "```rust\n" "extern \"C\" {\n" " fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x = -42;\n" " let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n" " println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust\n" "extern \"C\" {\n" " fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let x = -42;\n" " let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n" " println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:20 msgid "" "We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper exercise](../../exercises/day-3/" "safe-ffi-wrapper.md)." msgstr "" "Já vimos isso no exercício [Safe FFI Wrapper ](../../exercises/day-3/safe-" "ffi-wrapper.md)." #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:23 msgid "" "This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for " "production." msgstr "" "Isso pressupõe conhecimento total da plataforma de destino. Não recomendado " "para produção." #: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:26 msgid "We will look at better options next." msgstr "Veremos opções melhores a seguir." #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:1 msgid "Using Bindgen" msgstr "Usando Bindgen" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:3 msgid "" "The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) " "tool can auto-generate bindings from a C header file." msgstr "" "A ferramenta [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction." "html) pode gerar vínculos (_bindings_) automaticamente a partir de um " "arquivo de cabeçalho C." #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:6 msgid "First create a small C library:" msgstr "Primeiro crie uma pequena biblioteca C:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:8 msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:" msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:10 msgid "" "```c\n" "typedef struct card {\n" " const char* name;\n" " int years;\n" "} card;\n" "\n" "void print_card(const card* card);\n" "```" msgstr "" "```c\n" "typedef struct card {\n" " const char* name;\n" " int years;\n" "} card;\n" "\n" "void print_card(const card* card);\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:19 msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:" msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:21 msgid "" "```c\n" "#include \n" "#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" "\n" "void print_card(const card* card) {\n" " printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" " printf(\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\", card->name);\n" " printf(\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\", card->years);\n" " printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```c\n" "#include \n" "#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" "\n" "void print_card(const card* card) {\n" " printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" " printf(\"|Feliz Aniversário %s!\\n\", card->nome);\n" " printf(\"|Parabéns pelos %i anos!\\n\", card->anos);\n" " printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:33 msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:" msgstr "Adicione isto ao seu arquivo `Android.bp`:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35 #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55 #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69 #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:108 msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:" msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:37 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "cc_library {\n" " name: \"libbirthday\",\n" " srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "cc_library {\n" " name: \"libbirthday\",\n" " srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:44 msgid "" "Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this " "example):" msgstr "" "Crie um arquivo de cabeçalho _wrapper_ para a biblioteca (não estritamente " "necessário neste exemplo):" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:47 msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:" msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:49 msgid "" "```c\n" "#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" "```" msgstr "" "```c\n" "#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:53 msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:" msgstr "Agora você pode gerar automaticamente as vinculações (_binding_):" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:57 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "rust_bindgen {\n" " name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n" " crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n" " wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n" " source_stem: \"bindings\",\n" " static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "rust_bindgen {\n" " name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n" " crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n" " wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n" " source_stem: \"bindings\",\n" " static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:67 msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:" msgstr "" "Finalmente, podemos usar as vinculações (_bindings_) em nosso programa Rust:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:71 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "rust_binary {\n" " name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n" " srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n" " rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "rust_binary{\n" " name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n" " srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n" " rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:79 msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:" msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:81 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "//! Bindgen demo.\n" "\n" "use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n" " let card = card {\n" " name: name.as_ptr(),\n" " years: 42,\n" " };\n" " unsafe {\n" " print_card(&card as *const card);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "//! Bindgen demo.\n" "\n" "use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Pedro\").unwrap();\n" " let card = card {\n" " name: name.as_ptr(),\n" " years: 42,\n" " };\n" " unsafe {\n" " print_card(&card as *const card);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:100 msgid "" "```shell\n" "m print_birthday_card\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/" "tmp\"\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "m print_birthday_card\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/" "tmp\"\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:106 msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:" msgstr "" "Por fim, podemos executar testes gerados automaticamente para garantir que " "as vinculações funcionem:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:110 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "rust_test {\n" " name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" " srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" " crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" " test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n" " auto_gen_config: true,\n" " clippy_lints: \"none\", // Generated file, skip linting\n" " lints: \"none\",\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "rust_test {\n" " name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" " srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" " crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" " test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n" " auto_gen_config: true,\n" " clippy_lints: \"none\", // Arquivo gerado, pule o linting\n" " lints: \"none\",\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:122 msgid "" "```shell\n" "atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:1 msgid "Calling Rust" msgstr "Chamando Rust" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:3 msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:" msgstr "Exportar funções e tipos do Rust para C é fácil:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:5 msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_" msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "//! Rust FFI demo.\n" "#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n" "\n" "use std::os::raw::c_int;\n" "\n" "/// Analyze the numbers.\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n" " if x < y {\n" " println!(\"x ({x}) is smallest!\");\n" " } else {\n" " println!(\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "//! Rust FFI demo.\n" "#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n" "\n" "use std::os::raw::c_int;\n" "\n" "/// Analisar os números.\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n" " if x < y {\n" " println!(\"x ({x}) é o menor!\");\n" " } else {\n" " println!(\"y ({y}) é provavelmente maior que x ({x})\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:24 msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_" msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:26 msgid "" "```c\n" "#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n" "#define ANALYSE_H\n" "\n" "extern \"C\" {\n" "void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n" "}\n" "\n" "#endif\n" "```" msgstr "" "```c\n" "#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n" "#define ANALYSE_H\n" "\n" "extern \"C\" {\n" "void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n" "}\n" "\n" "#endif\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:37 msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_" msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:39 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "rust_ffi {\n" " name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n" " crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n" " srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n" " include_dirs: [\".\"],\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "rust_ffi {\n" " name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n" " crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n" " srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n" " include_dirs: [\".\"],\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:48 msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:" msgstr "Agora podemos chamá-lo a partir de um binário C:" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:50 msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_" msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analisar/main.c_" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:52 msgid "" "```c\n" "#include \"analyze.h\"\n" "\n" "int main() {\n" " analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n" " analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n" " return 0;\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```c\n" "#include \"analyze.h\"\n" "\n" "int main() {\n" " analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n" " analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n" " return 0;\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:62 msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_" msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:64 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "cc_binary {\n" " name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n" " srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n" " static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "cc_binary {\n" " name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n" " srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n" " static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:75 msgid "" "```shell\n" "m analyze_numbers\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/" "tmp\"\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "m analyze_numbers\n" "adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/" "tmp\"\n" "adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:83 msgid "" "`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol " "will just be the name of the function. You can also use `#[export_name = " "\"some_name\"]` to specify whatever name you want." msgstr "" "`#[no_mangle]` desativa a alteração de name usual do Rust, então o símbolo " "exportado será apenas o nome da função. Você também pode usar `#[export_name " "= \"some_name\"]` para especificar qualquer nome que desejar." #: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:3 msgid "" "The [CXX crate](https://cxx.rs/) makes it possible to do safe " "interoperability between Rust and C++." msgstr "" "O [crate CXX](https://cxx.rs/) possibilita a interoperabilidade segura entre " "Rust e C++." #: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:6 msgid "The overall approach looks like this:" msgstr "A abordagem geral é assim:" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:10 msgid "" "See the [CXX tutorial](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) for an full example of " "using this." msgstr "" "Veja o [tutorial CXX](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) para um exemplo completo " "de como usá-lo." #: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:14 msgid "" "At this point, the instructor should switch to the [CXX tutorial](https://" "cxx.rs/tutorial.html)." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:16 msgid "Walk the students through the tutorial step by step." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:18 msgid "" "Highlight how CXX presents a clean interface without unsafe code in _both " "languages_." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:20 msgid "" "Show the correspondence between [Rust and C++ types](https://cxx.rs/bindings." "html):" msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:22 msgid "" "Explain how a Rust `String` cannot map to a C++ `std::string` (the latter " "does not uphold the UTF-8 invariant). Show that despite being different " "types, `rust::String` in C++ can be easily constructed from a C++ `std::" "string`, making it very ergonomic to use." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:28 msgid "" "Explain that a Rust function returning `Result` becomes a function " "which throws a `E` exception in C++ (and vice versa)." msgstr "" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:1 msgid "Interoperability with Java" msgstr "Interoperabilidade com Java" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:3 msgid "" "Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface (JNI)](https://en." "wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni` crate](https://docs.rs/" "jni/) allows you to create a compatible library." msgstr "" "Java pode carregar objetos compartilhados via [Java Native Interface (JNI)]" "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). O [crate `jni`]" "(https://docs.rs/jni/) permite que você crie uma biblioteca compatível." #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:7 msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:" msgstr "Primeiro, criamos uma função Rust para exportar para Java:" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:9 msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:" msgstr "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:11 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n" "\n" "use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n" "use jni::sys::jstring;\n" "use jni::JNIEnv;\n" "\n" "/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n" " env: JNIEnv,\n" " _class: JClass,\n" " name: JString,\n" ") -> jstring {\n" " let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n" " let greeting = format!(\"Hello, {input}!\");\n" " let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n" " output.into_inner()\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n" "\n" "use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n" "use jni::sys::jstring;\n" "use jni::JNIEnv;\n" "\n" "/// Implementação do método HelloWorld::hello.\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n" " env: JNIEnv,\n" " _class: JClass,\n" " name: JString,\n" ") -> jstring {\n" " let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n" " let greeting = format!(\"Olá, {input}!\");\n" " let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n" " output.into_inner()\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:32 #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:62 msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:" msgstr "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:34 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "rust_ffi_shared {\n" " name: \"libhello_jni\",\n" " crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" " rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "rust_ffi_shared {\n" " name: \"libhello_jni\",\n" " crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" " rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:43 msgid "Finally, we can call this function from Java:" msgstr "Finalmente, podemos chamar esta função do Java:" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:45 msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:" msgstr "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:47 msgid "" "```java\n" "class HelloWorld {\n" " private static native String hello(String name);\n" "\n" " static {\n" " System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n" " }\n" "\n" " public static void main(String[] args) {\n" " String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n" " System.out.println(output);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```java\n" "class HelloWorld {\n" " private static native String hello(String name);\n" "\n" " static {\n" " System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n" " }\n" "\n" " public static void main(String[] args) {\n" " String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n" " System.out.println(output);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:64 msgid "" "```javascript\n" "java_binary {\n" " name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n" " srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n" " main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n" " required: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```javascript\n" "java_binary {\n" " name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n" " srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n" " main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n" " necessário: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:73 msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:" msgstr "Por fim, você pode criar, sincronizar e executar o binário:" #: src/android/interoperability/java.md:75 msgid "" "```shell\n" "m helloworld_jni\n" "adb sync # requires adb root && adb remount\n" "adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "m helloworld_jni\n" "adb sync # requer adb root && adb remount\n" "adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n" "```" #: src/exercises/android/morning.md:3 msgid "" "This is a group exercise: We will look at one of the projects you work with " "and try to integrate some Rust into it. Some suggestions:" msgstr "" "Este é um exercício em grupo: Nós iremos ver um dos projetos com os quais " "você trabalha e tentar integrar um pouco de Rust nele. Algumas sugestões:" #: src/exercises/android/morning.md:6 msgid "Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust." msgstr "Chame seu serviço AIDL com um cliente escrito em Rust." #: src/exercises/android/morning.md:8 msgid "Move a function from your project to Rust and call it." msgstr "Mova uma função do seu projeto para o Rust e a chame." #: src/exercises/android/morning.md:12 msgid "" "No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone " "in the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly." msgstr "" "Nenhuma solução é fornecida aqui, pois isso é aberto: depende de você ter " "uma classe tendo um pedaço de código que você pode transformar em Rust em " "tempo real." #: src/bare-metal.md:1 msgid "Welcome to Bare Metal Rust" msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Rust _Bare Metal_ 🦀" #: src/bare-metal.md:3 msgid "" "This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people " "who are familiar with the basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the " "Comprehensive Rust course), and ideally also have some experience with bare-" "metal programming in some other language such as C." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md:7 msgid "" "Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS " "underneath us. This will be divided into several parts:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md:10 msgid "What is `no_std` Rust?" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md:11 msgid "Writing firmware for microcontrollers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md:12 msgid "Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md:13 msgid "Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md:15 msgid "" "For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit]" "(https://microbit.org/) v2 as an example. It's a [development board](https://" "tech.microbit.org/hardware/) based on the Nordic nRF51822 microcontroller " "with some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected accelerometer and compass, and " "an on-board SWD debugger." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md:20 msgid "" "To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md:22 msgid "" "```bash\n" "sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gdb-multiarch libudev-dev picocom pkg-" "config qemu-system-arm\n" "rustup update\n" "rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n" "rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n" "cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md:30 msgid "" "And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md:32 msgid "" "```bash\n" "echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"usb\", ATTR{idVendor}==\"0d28\", MODE=\"0664\", " "GROUP=\"plugdev\"' |\\\n" " sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/50-microbit.rules\n" "sudo udevadm control --reload-rules\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md:38 msgid "On MacOS:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal.md:40 msgid "" "```bash\n" "xcode-select --install\n" "brew install gdb picocom qemu\n" "brew install --cask gcc-aarch64-embedded\n" "rustup update\n" "rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n" "rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n" "cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:1 msgid "`no_std`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:7 msgid "`core`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:12 src/bare-metal/alloc.md:1 msgid "`alloc`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:17 msgid "`std`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:24 msgid "Slices, `&str`, `CStr`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:25 msgid "`NonZeroU8`..." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:26 msgid "`Option`, `Result`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:27 msgid "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:29 msgid "`panic!`, `assert_eq!`..." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:30 msgid "`NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:31 msgid "`Future` and `async`/`await`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:32 msgid "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:33 msgid "`Duration`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:38 msgid "`Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:39 msgid "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:40 msgid "`String`, `CString`, `format!`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:45 msgid "`Error`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:47 msgid "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:48 msgid "`File` and the rest of `fs`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:49 msgid "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:50 msgid "`Path`, `OsString`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:51 msgid "`net`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:52 msgid "`Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:53 msgid "`spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:54 msgid "`SystemTime`, `Instant`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:62 msgid "`HashMap` depends on RNG." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:63 msgid "`std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:1 msgid "A minimal `no_std` program" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:3 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" "\n" "#[panic_handler]\n" "fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" " loop {}\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:17 msgid "This will compile to an empty binary." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:18 msgid "`std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:19 msgid "It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:20 msgid "" "Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` to " "avoid an error about `eh_personality`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:22 msgid "" "Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to " "define your own entry point. This will typically involve a linker script and " "some assembly code to set things up ready for Rust code to run." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:3 msgid "" "To use `alloc` you must implement a [global (heap) allocator](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "extern crate alloc;\n" "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" "\n" "use alloc::string::ToString;\n" "use alloc::vec::Vec;\n" "use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n" "\n" "#[global_allocator]\n" "static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n" "\n" "static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n" "\n" "pub fn entry() {\n" " // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called " "once.\n" " unsafe {\n" " // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n" " HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n" " .lock()\n" " .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n" " }\n" "\n" " // Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n" " let mut v = Vec::new();\n" " v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:39 msgid "" "`buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy " "system allocator. Other crates are available, or you can write your own or " "hook into your existing allocator." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:41 msgid "" "The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i.e. " "in this case it can allocate regions of up to 2\\*\\*32 bytes." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:43 msgid "" "If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have " "exactly one global allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in " "the top-level binary crate." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:45 msgid "" "`extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the `panic_halt` " "crate is linked in so we get its panic handler." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:47 msgid "This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:3 msgid "" "The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for " "Cortex M microcontrollers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" "\n" "mod interrupts;\n" "\n" "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" "\n" "#[entry]\n" "fn main() -> ! {\n" " loop {}\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:21 msgid "" "Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of " "abstraction." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:25 msgid "" "The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -" "> !`, because returning to the reset handler doesn't make sense." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:27 msgid "Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:3 msgid "" "Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try " "turning on an LED on our micro:bit:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" "\n" "mod interrupts;\n" "\n" "use core::mem::size_of;\n" "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" "\n" "/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n" "const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;\n" "\n" "// GPIO peripheral offsets\n" "const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;\n" "const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;\n" "const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;\n" "\n" "// PIN_CNF fields\n" "const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;\n" "const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;\n" "const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;\n" "const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;\n" "const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;\n" "\n" "#[entry]\n" "fn main() -> ! {\n" " // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" " let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of::()) as *mut " "u32;\n" " let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of::()) as *mut " "u32;\n" " // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, " "and\n" " // no aliases exist.\n" " unsafe {\n" " pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(\n" " DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | " "SENSE_DISABLED,\n" " );\n" " pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(\n" " DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | " "SENSE_DISABLED,\n" " );\n" " }\n" "\n" " // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" " let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;\n" " let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;\n" " // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, " "and\n" " // no aliases exist.\n" " unsafe {\n" " gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);\n" " gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);\n" " }\n" "\n" " loop {}\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:64 msgid "" "GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin 28 " "to the first row." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:66 #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:59 #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:43 #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:34 msgid "Run the example with:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:68 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```sh\n" "cargo embed --bin mmio\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "$ cargo run\n" "```" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:1 msgid "Peripheral Access Crates" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:3 msgid "" "[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust " "wrappers for memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/" "pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html) files." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" "\n" "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" "use nrf52833_pac::Peripherals;\n" "\n" "#[entry]\n" "fn main() -> ! {\n" " let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" " let gpio0 = p.P0;\n" "\n" " // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" " gpio0.pin_cnf[21].write(|w| {\n" " w.dir().output();\n" " w.input().disconnect();\n" " w.pull().disabled();\n" " w.drive().s0s1();\n" " w.sense().disabled();\n" " w\n" " });\n" " gpio0.pin_cnf[28].write(|w| {\n" " w.dir().output();\n" " w.input().disconnect();\n" " w.pull().disabled();\n" " w.drive().s0s1();\n" " w.sense().disabled();\n" " w\n" " });\n" "\n" " // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" " gpio0.outclr.write(|w| w.pin28().clear());\n" " gpio0.outset.write(|w| w.pin21().set());\n" "\n" " loop {}\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:49 msgid "" "SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by " "silicon vendors which describe the memory map of the device." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:51 msgid "" "They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, " "descriptions, addresses and so on." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:53 msgid "" "SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects " "which patch the mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated " "crates." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:55 msgid "`cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:56 msgid "" "If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run `cargo objdump --bin " "pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting binary." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:61 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```sh\n" "cargo embed --bin pac\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "$ cargo run\n" "```" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:1 msgid "HAL crates" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:3 msgid "" "[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-" "implementation-crates) for many microcontrollers provide wrappers around " "various peripherals. These generally implement traits from [`embedded-hal`]" "(https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" "\n" "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" "use nrf52833_hal::gpio::{p0, Level};\n" "use nrf52833_hal::pac::Peripherals;\n" "use nrf52833_hal::prelude::*;\n" "\n" "#[entry]\n" "fn main() -> ! {\n" " let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" "\n" " // Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n" " let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n" "\n" " // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" " let mut col1 = gpio0.p0_28.into_push_pull_output(Level::High);\n" " let mut row1 = gpio0.p0_21.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n" "\n" " // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" " col1.set_low().unwrap();\n" " row1.set_high().unwrap();\n" "\n" " loop {}\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:39 msgid "" "`set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` trait." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:40 msgid "" "HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various " "STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP, MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:45 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```sh\n" "cargo embed --bin hal\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "$ cargo run\n" "```" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:1 msgid "Board support crates" msgstr "Atalhos de teclado" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:3 msgid "" "Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific " "board for convenience." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" "\n" "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" "use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n" "use microbit::Board;\n" "\n" "#[entry]\n" "fn main() -> ! {\n" " let mut board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" "\n" " board.display_pins.col1.set_low().unwrap();\n" " board.display_pins.row1.set_high().unwrap();\n" "\n" " loop {}\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:28 msgid "" "In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, " "and a bit of initialisation." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:30 msgid "" "The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of the " "microcontroller itself." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:32 msgid "`microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:36 msgid "" "```sh\n" "cargo embed --bin board_support\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:1 msgid "The type state pattern" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:3 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "#[entry]\n" "fn main() -> ! {\n" " let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" " let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n" "\n" " let pin: P0_01 = gpio0.p0_01;\n" "\n" " // let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n" " let pin_input: P0_01> = pin.into_floating_input();\n" " if pin_input.is_high().unwrap() {\n" " // ...\n" " }\n" " let mut pin_output: P0_01> = pin_input\n" " .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, " "Level::Low);\n" " pin_output.set_high().unwrap();\n" " // pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n" "\n" " let _pin2: P0_02> = gpio0\n" " .p0_02\n" " .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, " "Level::Low);\n" " let _pin3: P0_03> = gpio0.p0_03." "into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n" "\n" " loop {}\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:32 msgid "" "Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can " "exist. Once a pin is moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:34 msgid "" "Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you " "can’t keep use the old instance afterwards." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:36 msgid "" "The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, " "the configuration state of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into " "the type system, and ensures that you don't try to use a pin in a certain " "way without properly configuring it first. Illegal state transitions are " "caught at compile time." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:40 msgid "" "You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, but " "not vice-versa." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:41 msgid "Many HAL crates follow this pattern." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:1 msgid "`embedded-hal`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:3 msgid "" "The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a " "number of traits covering common microcontroller peripherals." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:6 msgid "GPIO" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:7 msgid "ADC" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:8 msgid "I2C, SPI, UART, CAN" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:9 msgid "RNG" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:10 msgid "Timers" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:11 msgid "Watchdogs" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:13 msgid "" "Other crates then implement [drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/" "awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) in terms of these traits, e.g. an " "accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus implementation." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:19 msgid "" "There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other " "platforms such as Linux on Raspberry Pi." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:21 msgid "" "There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it " "isn't stable yet." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:1 msgid "`probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:3 msgid "" "[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, " "like OpenOCD but better integrated." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6 msgid "SWD" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6 msgid " and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7 msgid "GDB stub and Microsoft " msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7 msgid "DAP" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7 msgid " server" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:8 msgid "Cargo integration" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:10 msgid "`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log " msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:11 msgid "RTT" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:11 msgid "" " output and connect GDB. It's configured by an `Embed.toml` file in your " "project directory." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:16 msgid "" "[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is " "an Arm standard protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the " "CoreSight Debug Access Port of various Arm Cortex processors. It's what the " "on-board debugger on the BBC micro:bit uses." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:19 msgid "" "ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-Link " "is a range from SEGGER." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:21 msgid "" "The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin " "Serial Wire Debug." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:22 msgid "" "probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you " "want to." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:23 msgid "" "The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-" "adapter-protocol/) lets VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any " "supported microcontroller." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:25 msgid "cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:26 msgid "" "RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the debug " "host and the target through a number of ringbuffers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:3 msgid "Embed.toml:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:5 msgid "" "```toml\n" "[default.general]\n" "chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n" "\n" "[debug.gdb]\n" "enabled = true\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:13 msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:15 msgid "" "```sh\n" "cargo embed --bin board_support debug\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:19 #, fuzzy msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:" msgstr "Em outro terminal, verifique se o serviço é executado:" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:21 msgid "" "```sh\n" "gdb-multiarch target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/board_support --eval-" "command=\"target remote :1337\"\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:27 msgid "In GDB, try running:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:29 msgid "" "```gdb\n" "b src/bin/board_support.rs:29\n" "b src/bin/board_support.rs:30\n" "b src/bin/board_support.rs:32\n" "c\n" "c\n" "c\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:1 #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:1 msgid "Other projects" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:3 msgid "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:4 msgid "\"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:5 msgid "" "Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer queue" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:6 msgid "[Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:7 msgid "`async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:8 msgid "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:9 msgid "" "Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection Unit " "support" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:10 msgid "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:11 msgid "" "Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, " "unprivileged drivers, IPC" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:12 msgid "[Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:13 msgid "" "Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g. [esp-idf](https://esp-rs." "github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:18 msgid "RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:19 msgid "It doesn't include any HALs." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:20 msgid "" "It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for " "scheduling rather than a proper kernel." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:22 msgid "Cortex-M only." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:23 msgid "" "Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:24 msgid "" "FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing " "applications." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:3 msgid "" "We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a " "serial port." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:3 msgid "" "We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a " "serial port. If you have time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or " "use the buttons somehow." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:6 msgid "Hints:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:8 msgid "" "Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/" "latest/lsm303agr/) and [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/" "microbit/) crates, as well as the [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit." "org/hardware/)." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:11 msgid "" "The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C bus." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:12 msgid "" "TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:13 msgid "" "The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::" "blocking::i2c::WriteRead` trait. The [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/" "microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) struct implements this." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:17 msgid "" "You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/" "struct.Board.html) struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:19 msgid "" "You can also look at the [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi." "com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but it shouldn't be necessary for " "this exercise." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:23 msgid "" "Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and " "look in the `compass` directory for the following files." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:26 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:19 #, fuzzy msgid "`src/main.rs`:" msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:30 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" "\n" "use core::fmt::Write;\n" "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" "use microbit::{hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte}, Board};\n" "\n" "#[entry]\n" "fn main() -> ! {\n" " let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" "\n" " // Configure serial port.\n" " let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n" " board.UARTE0,\n" " board.uart.into(),\n" " Parity::EXCLUDED,\n" " Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n" " );\n" "\n" " // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n" " // TODO\n" "\n" " writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n" "\n" " loop {\n" " // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n" " // TODO\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:64 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:385 msgid "`Cargo.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:68 msgid "" "```toml\n" "[workspace]\n" "\n" "[package]\n" "name = \"compass\"\n" "version = \"0.1.0\"\n" "edition = \"2021\"\n" "publish = false\n" "\n" "[dependencies]\n" "cortex-m-rt = \"0.7.3\"\n" "embedded-hal = \"0.2.6\"\n" "lsm303agr = \"0.2.2\"\n" "microbit-v2 = \"0.13.0\"\n" "panic-halt = \"0.2.0\"\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:85 msgid "`Embed.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:89 msgid "" "```toml\n" "[default.general]\n" "chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n" "\n" "[debug.gdb]\n" "enabled = true\n" "\n" "[debug.reset]\n" "halt_afterwards = true\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:100 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:985 msgid "`.cargo/config.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:104 msgid "" "```toml\n" "[build]\n" "target = \"thumbv7em-none-eabihf\" # Cortex-M4F\n" "\n" "[target.'cfg(all(target_arch = \"arm\", target_os = \"none\"))']\n" "rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Tlink.x\"]\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:112 msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:114 msgid "" "```sh\n" "picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/ttyACM0\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:118 msgid "" "Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:120 msgid "" "```sh\n" "picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/tty.usbmodem14502\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:124 msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps.md:1 msgid "Application processors" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps.md:3 msgid "" "So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. " "Now let's try writing something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work " "with QEMU's aarch64 ['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/" "virt.html) board." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps.md:9 msgid "" "Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of " "privilege (exception levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application " "processors do." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps.md:11 msgid "" "QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for each " "architecture. The 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real " "hardware, but is designed purely for virtual machines." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:3 msgid "" "Before we can start running Rust code, we need to do some initialisation." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:5 msgid "" "```armasm\n" ".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n" ".global entry\n" "entry:\n" " /*\n" " * Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable " "MMU and\n" " * caches.\n" " */\n" " adrp x30, idmap\n" " msr ttbr0_el1, x30\n" "\n" " mov_i x30, .Lmairval\n" " msr mair_el1, x30\n" "\n" " mov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n" " /* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n" " mrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n" " bfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n" "\n" " msr tcr_el1, x30\n" "\n" " mov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n" "\n" " /*\n" " * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate " "any\n" " * potentially stale local TLB entries before they start being used.\n" " */\n" " isb\n" " tlbi vmalle1\n" " ic iallu\n" " dsb nsh\n" " isb\n" "\n" " /*\n" " * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until " "this\n" " * has completed.\n" " */\n" " msr sctlr_el1, x30\n" " isb\n" "\n" " /* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n" " mrs x30, cpacr_el1\n" " orr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n" " msr cpacr_el1, x30\n" " isb\n" "\n" " /* Zero out the bss section. */\n" " adr_l x29, bss_begin\n" " adr_l x30, bss_end\n" "0: cmp x29, x30\n" " b.hs 1f\n" " stp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n" " b 0b\n" "\n" "1: /* Prepare the stack. */\n" " adr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n" " mov sp, x30\n" "\n" " /* Set up exception vector. */\n" " adr x30, vector_table_el1\n" " msr vbar_el1, x30\n" "\n" " /* Call into Rust code. */\n" " bl main\n" "\n" " /* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n" "2: wfi\n" " b 2b\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:77 msgid "" "This is the same as it would be for C: initialising the processor state, " "zeroing the BSS, and setting up the stack pointer." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:79 msgid "" "The BSS (block starting symbol, for historical reasons) is the part of the " "object file which containing statically allocated variables which are " "initialised to zero. They are omitted from the image, to avoid wasting space " "on zeroes. The compiler assumes that the loader will take care of zeroing " "them." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:83 msgid "" "The BSS may already be zeroed, depending on how memory is initialised and " "the image is loaded, but we zero it to be sure." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:85 msgid "" "We need to enable the MMU and cache before reading or writing any memory. If " "we don't:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:86 msgid "" "Unaligned accesses will fault. We build the Rust code for the `aarch64-" "unknown-none` target which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler " "generating unaligned accesses, so it should be fine in this case, but this " "is not necessarily the case in general." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:89 msgid "" "If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The " "problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, " "while the host has cachable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host " "doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache " "fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost when the cache " "is cleaned or the VM enables the cache. (Cache is keyed by physical address, " "not VA or IPA.)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:94 msgid "" "For simplicity, we just use a hardcoded pagetable (see `idmap.S`) which " "identity maps the first 1 GiB of address space for devices, the next 1 GiB " "for DRAM, and another 1 GiB higher up for more devices. This matches the " "memory layout that QEMU uses." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:97 msgid "" "We also set up the exception vector (`vbar_el1`), which we'll see more about " "later." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:98 msgid "" "All examples this afternoon assume we will be running at exception level 1 " "(EL1). If you need to run at a different exception level you'll need to " "modify `entry.S` accordingly." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:1 msgid "Inline assembly" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:3 msgid "" "Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with " "Rust code. For example, to make an " msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:4 msgid "HVC" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:4 msgid " to tell the firmware to power off the system:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "use core::arch::asm;\n" "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" "\n" "mod exceptions;\n" "\n" "const PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF: u32 = 0x84000008;\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn main(_x0: u64, _x1: u64, _x2: u64, _x3: u64) {\n" " // Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n" " // anything with memory.\n" " unsafe {\n" " asm!(\"hvc #0\",\n" " inout(\"w0\") PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF => _,\n" " inout(\"w1\") 0 => _,\n" " inout(\"w2\") 0 => _,\n" " inout(\"w3\") 0 => _,\n" " inout(\"w4\") 0 => _,\n" " inout(\"w5\") 0 => _,\n" " inout(\"w6\") 0 => _,\n" " inout(\"w7\") 0 => _,\n" " options(nomem, nostack)\n" " );\n" " }\n" "\n" " loop {}\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:39 msgid "" "(If you actually want to do this, use the [`smccc`](https://crates.io/crates/" "smccc) crate which has wrappers for all these functions.)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:43 msgid "" "PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of " "functions to manage system and CPU power states, among other things. It is " "implemented by EL3 firmware and hypervisors on many systems." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:46 msgid "" "The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the " "inline assembly code, and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use " "`inout` rather than `in` because the call could potentially clobber the " "contents of the registers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:49 msgid "" "This `main` function needs to be `#[no_mangle]` and `extern \"C\"` because " "it is called from our entry point in `entry.S`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:51 msgid "" "`_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are conventionally " "used by the bootloader to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. " "According to the standard aarch64 calling convention (which is what `extern " "\"C\"` specifies to use), registers `x0`–`x7` are used for the first 8 " "arguments passed to a function, so `entry.S` doesn't need to do anything " "special except make sure it doesn't change these registers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:56 msgid "" "Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" "examples`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:1 msgid "Volatile memory access for MMIO" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:3 msgid "Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:4 msgid "Never hold a reference." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:5 msgid "" "`addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an intermediate " "reference." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:9 msgid "" "Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so prevent " "the compiler or hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:11 msgid "" "Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the " "compiler may assume that the value read is the same as the value just " "written, and not bother actually reading memory." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:13 msgid "" "Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, but " "this is unsound. Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to " "dereference it." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:15 msgid "" "Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to the " "struct." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:1 msgid "Let's write a UART driver" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:3 msgid "" "The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/" "documentation/ddi0183/g) UART, so let's write a driver for that." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n" "const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n" "const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n" "\n" "/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "pub struct Uart {\n" " base_address: *mut u8,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Uart {\n" " /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at " "the\n" " /// given base address.\n" " ///\n" " /// # Safety\n" " ///\n" " /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of " "a\n" " /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " "process\n" " /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" " pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n" " Self { base_address }\n" " }\n" "\n" " /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" " pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" " // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" " while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n" "\n" " // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" " unsafe {\n" " // Write to the TX buffer.\n" " self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n" " }\n" "\n" " // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" " while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n" " // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" " unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET)." "read_volatile() }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:55 msgid "" "Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is " "because as long as the caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety " "requirements are met (i.e. that there is only ever one instance of the " "driver for a given UART, and nothing else aliasing its address space), then " "it is always safe to call `write_byte` later because we can assume the " "necessary preconditions." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:60 msgid "" "We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but " "`write_byte` unsafe), but that would be much less convenient to use as every " "place that calls `write_byte` would need to reason about the safety" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:63 msgid "" "This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving " "the burden of proof for soundness from a large number of places to a smaller " "number of places." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:1 #, fuzzy msgid "More traits" msgstr "Traits (Características)" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:3 msgid "" "We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more " "traits too." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n" "\n" "impl Write for Uart {\n" " fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n" " for c in s.as_bytes() {\n" " self.write_byte(*c);\n" " }\n" " Ok(())\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" "// accessed from any context.\n" "unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:24 msgid "" "Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with our " "`Uart` type." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:25 msgid "" "Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" "examples`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:1 msgid "A better UART driver" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:3 msgid "" "The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers](https://developer.arm.com/" "documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers), and adding " "offsets to construct pointers to access them is error-prone and hard to " "read. Plus, some of them are bit fields which would be nice to access in a " "structured way." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7 msgid "Offset" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7 msgid "Register name" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7 msgid "Width" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9 msgid "0x00" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9 msgid "DR" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9 msgid "12" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10 msgid "0x04" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10 msgid "RSR" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10 msgid "4" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11 msgid "0x18" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11 msgid "FR" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11 msgid "9" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12 msgid "0x20" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12 msgid "ILPR" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15 msgid "8" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 msgid "0x24" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 msgid "IBRD" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16 msgid "16" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14 msgid "0x28" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14 msgid "FBRD" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17 msgid "6" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15 msgid "0x2c" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15 msgid "LCR_H" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16 msgid "0x30" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16 msgid "CR" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17 msgid "0x34" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17 msgid "IFLS" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 msgid "0x38" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 msgid "IMSC" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19 #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21 msgid "11" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19 msgid "0x3c" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19 msgid "RIS" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 msgid "0x40" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 msgid "MIS" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21 msgid "0x44" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21 msgid "ICR" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22 msgid "0x48" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22 msgid "DMACR" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22 msgid "3" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:26 msgid "There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:3 msgid "" "The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for " "working with bitflags." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use bitflags::bitflags;\n" "\n" "bitflags! {\n" " /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n" " #[repr(transparent)]\n" " #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" " struct Flags: u16 {\n" " /// Clear to send.\n" " const CTS = 1 << 0;\n" " /// Data set ready.\n" " const DSR = 1 << 1;\n" " /// Data carrier detect.\n" " const DCD = 1 << 2;\n" " /// UART busy transmitting data.\n" " const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n" " /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n" " const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n" " /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n" " const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n" " /// Receive FIFO is full.\n" " const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n" " /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n" " const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n" " /// Ring indicator.\n" " const RI = 1 << 8;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:37 msgid "" "The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along " "with a bunch of method implementations to get and set flags." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:1 msgid "Multiple registers" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:3 msgid "" "We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" "struct Registers {\n" " dr: u16,\n" " _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n" " rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n" " _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n" " fr: Flags,\n" " _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n" " ilpr: u8,\n" " _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" " ibrd: u16,\n" " _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n" " fbrd: u8,\n" " _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n" " lcr_h: u8,\n" " _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n" " cr: u16,\n" " _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n" " ifls: u8,\n" " _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n" " imsc: u16,\n" " _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n" " ris: u16,\n" " _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n" " mis: u16,\n" " _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n" " icr: u16,\n" " _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n" " dmacr: u8,\n" " _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:41 msgid "" "[`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-" "representation) tells the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, " "following the same rules as C. This is necessary for our struct to have a " "predictable layout, as default Rust representation allows the compiler to " "(among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:3 msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "pub struct Uart {\n" " registers: *mut Registers,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Uart {\n" " /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at " "the\n" " /// given base address.\n" " ///\n" " /// # Safety\n" " ///\n" " /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of " "a\n" " /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " "process\n" " /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" " pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" " Self {\n" " registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" " pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" " // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" " while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n" "\n" " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" " unsafe {\n" " // Write to the TX buffer.\n" " addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n" " }\n" "\n" " // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" " while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n" " }\n" "\n" " /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been " "received.\n" " pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option {\n" " if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n" " None\n" " } else {\n" " let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)." "read_volatile() };\n" " // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n" " Some(data as u8)\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n" " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" " unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:64 msgid "" "Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual " "fields without creating an intermediate reference, which would be unsound." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:1 #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:1 #, fuzzy msgid "Using it" msgstr "Usando Bingen" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:3 msgid "" "Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, " "and echo incoming bytes." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "mod exceptions;\n" "mod pl011;\n" "\n" "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" "use core::fmt::Write;\n" "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" "use log::error;\n" "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" "use smccc::Hvc;\n" "\n" "/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" "const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" " // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " "device,\n" " // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" " let mut uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" "\n" " writeln!(uart, \"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\").unwrap();\n" "\n" " loop {\n" " if let Some(byte) = uart.read_byte() {\n" " uart.write_byte(byte);\n" " match byte {\n" " b'\\r' => {\n" " uart.write_byte(b'\\n');\n" " }\n" " b'q' => break,\n" " _ => {}\n" " }\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " writeln!(uart, \"Bye!\").unwrap();\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:51 msgid "" "As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` " "function is called from our entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker " "notes there for details." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:53 msgid "" "Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:3 msgid "" "It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`]" "(https://crates.io/crates/log) crate. We can do this by implementing the " "`Log` trait." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" "use core::fmt::Write;\n" "use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n" "use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" "\n" "static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n" " uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n" "};\n" "\n" "struct Logger {\n" " uart: SpinMutex>,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Log for Logger {\n" " fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n" " true\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n" " writeln!(\n" " self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n" " \"[{}] {}\",\n" " record.level(),\n" " record.args()\n" " )\n" " .unwrap();\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn flush(&self) {}\n" "}\n" "\n" "/// Initialises UART logger.\n" "pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), " "SetLoggerError> {\n" " LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n" "\n" " log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n" " log::set_max_level(max_level);\n" " Ok(())\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:50 msgid "" "The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling " "`set_logger`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:3 msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "mod exceptions;\n" "mod logger;\n" "mod pl011;\n" "\n" "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" "use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n" "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" "use smccc::Hvc;\n" "\n" "/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" "const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" " // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " "device,\n" " // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" " let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" " logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" "\n" " info!(\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\");\n" "\n" " assert_eq!(x1, 42);\n" "\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[panic_handler]\n" "fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" " error!(\"{info}\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" " loop {}\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:46 msgid "Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:47 msgid "" "Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" "examples`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:3 msgid "" "AArch64 defines an exception vector table with 16 entries, for 4 types of " "exceptions (synchronous, IRQ, FIQ, SError) from 4 states (current EL with " "SP0, current EL with SPx, lower EL using AArch64, lower EL using AArch32). " "We implement this in assembly to save volatile registers to the stack before " "calling into Rust code:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:8 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use log::error;\n" "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" "use smccc::Hvc;\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"irq_current\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"fiq_current\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"serr_current\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"sync_lower\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"irq_lower\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"serr_lower\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:64 msgid "EL is exception level; all our examples this afternoon run in EL1." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:65 msgid "" "For simplicity we aren't distinguishing between SP0 and SPx for the current " "EL exceptions, or between AArch32 and AArch64 for the lower EL exceptions." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:67 msgid "" "For this example we just log the exception and power down, as we don't " "expect any of them to actually happen." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:69 msgid "" "We can think of exception handlers and our main execution context more or " "less like different threads. [`Send` and `Sync`](../../concurrency/send-sync." "md) will control what we can share between them, just like with threads. For " "example, if we want to share some value between exception handlers and the " "rest of the program, and it's `Send` but not `Sync`, then we'll need to wrap " "it in something like a `Mutex` and put it in a static." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:3 msgid "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:4 msgid "\"coreboot without the C\"" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:5 msgid "Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:6 msgid "Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:7 msgid "" "[Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-" "raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:8 msgid "" "Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, " "exception handling, page tables" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:10 msgid "" "Some dodginess around cache maintenance and initialisation in Rust, not " "necessarily a good example to copy for production code." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:12 msgid "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:13 msgid "Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:17 msgid "" "The RaspberryPi OS tutorial runs Rust code before the MMU and caches are " "enabled. This will read and write memory (e.g. the stack). However:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:19 msgid "" "Without the MMU and cache, unaligned accesses will fault. It builds with " "`aarch64-unknown-none` which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler " "generating unaligned accesses so it should be alright, but this is not " "necessarily the case in general." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:22 msgid "" "If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The " "problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, " "while the host has cachable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host " "doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache " "fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost. Again this is " "alright in this particular case (running directly on the hardware with no " "hypervisor), but isn't a good pattern in general." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:3 msgid "" "We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal " "programming." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:1 msgid "`zerocopy`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:3 msgid "" "The [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) crate (from Fuchsia) provides " "traits and macros for safely converting between byte sequences and other " "types." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use zerocopy::AsBytes;\n" "\n" "#[repr(u32)]\n" "#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n" "enum RequestType {\n" " #[default]\n" " In = 0,\n" " Out = 1,\n" " Flush = 4,\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[repr(C)]\n" "#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n" "struct VirtioBlockRequest {\n" " request_type: RequestType,\n" " reserved: u32,\n" " sector: u64,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let request = VirtioBlockRequest {\n" " request_type: RequestType::Flush,\n" " sector: 42,\n" " ..Default::default()\n" " };\n" "\n" " assert_eq!(\n" " request.as_bytes(),\n" " &[4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n" " );\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:40 msgid "" "This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), " "but can be useful for working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by " "DMA, or sent over some external interface." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:45 msgid "" "`FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is " "valid, and so can safely be converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:47 msgid "" "Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because " "`RequestType` doesn't use all possible u32 values as discriminants, so not " "all byte patterns are valid." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:49 msgid "" "`zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:50 msgid "" "Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/" "zerocopy-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate " "dependency.)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:1 msgid "`aarch64-paging`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:3 msgid "" "The [`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) crate lets " "you create page tables according to the AArch64 Virtual Memory System " "Architecture." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use aarch64_paging::{\n" " idmap::IdMap,\n" " paging::{Attributes, MemoryRegion},\n" "};\n" "\n" "const ASID: usize = 1;\n" "const ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;\n" "\n" "// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n" "let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);\n" "// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n" "idmap.map_range(\n" " &MemoryRegion::new(0x80200000, 0x80400000),\n" " Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,\n" ").unwrap();\n" "// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n" "idmap.activate();\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:28 msgid "" "For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels should " "be straightforward to add." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:30 msgid "" "This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware](https://cs.android." "com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:packages/modules/Virtualization/" "pvmfw/)." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:31 msgid "" "There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real hardware " "or under QEMU." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:1 msgid "`buddy_system_allocator`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:3 msgid "" "[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator) " "is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator. It can " "be used both for [`LockedHeap`](https://docs.rs/buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/" "buddy_system_allocator/struct.LockedHeap.html) implementing [`GlobalAlloc`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html) so you can use " "the standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before](../alloc.md)), or for " "allocating other address space. For example, we might want to allocate MMIO " "space for PCI BARs:" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:8 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use buddy_system_allocator::FrameAllocator;\n" "use core::alloc::Layout;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut allocator = FrameAllocator::<32>::new();\n" " allocator.add_frame(0x200_0000, 0x400_0000);\n" "\n" " let layout = Layout::from_size_align(0x100, 0x100).unwrap();\n" " let bar = allocator\n" " .alloc_aligned(layout)\n" " .expect(\"Failed to allocate 0x100 byte MMIO region\");\n" " println!(\"Allocated 0x100 byte MMIO region at {:#x}\", bar);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:26 msgid "PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:27 msgid "" "Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/" "allocator-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate " "dependency.)" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:1 msgid "`tinyvec`" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:3 msgid "" "Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without " "heap allocation. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec) provides " "this: a vector backed by an array or slice, which could be statically " "allocated or on the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used " "and panics if you try to use more than are allocated." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:8 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use tinyvec::{array_vec, ArrayVec};\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut numbers: ArrayVec<[u32; 5]> = array_vec!(42, 66);\n" " println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" " numbers.push(7);\n" " println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" " numbers.remove(1);\n" " println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:23 msgid "" "`tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for " "initialisation." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:24 msgid "" "The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine inline." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:1 #, fuzzy msgid "`spin`" msgstr "`static`" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:3 msgid "" "`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` " "are not available in `core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or " "interior mutability, such as for sharing state between different CPUs?" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:7 msgid "" "The [`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) crate provides spinlock-based " "equivalents of many of these primitives." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:9 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" "\n" "static counter: SpinMutex = SpinMutex::new(0);\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n" " *counter.lock() += 2;\n" " println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:23 msgid "Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:24 msgid "" "`spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of `RwLock`, " "`Barrier` and `Once` from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:26 msgid "" "The [`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell) crate also has some " "useful types for late initialisation with a slightly different approach to " "`spin::once::Once`." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:28 msgid "" "The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/android.md:3 msgid "" "To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a " "`rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` " "with a linker script to produce the binary itself, and then a `raw_binary` " "to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/android.md:7 msgid "" "```soong\n" "rust_ffi_static {\n" " name: \"libvmbase_example\",\n" " defaults: [\"vmbase_ffi_defaults\"],\n" " crate_name: \"vmbase_example\",\n" " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" " rustlibs: [\n" " \"libvmbase\",\n" " ],\n" "}\n" "\n" "cc_binary {\n" " name: \"vmbase_example\",\n" " defaults: [\"vmbase_elf_defaults\"],\n" " srcs: [\n" " \"idmap.S\",\n" " ],\n" " static_libs: [\n" " \"libvmbase_example\",\n" " ],\n" " linker_scripts: [\n" " \"image.ld\",\n" " \":vmbase_sections\",\n" " ],\n" "}\n" "\n" "raw_binary {\n" " name: \"vmbase_example_bin\",\n" " stem: \"vmbase_example.bin\",\n" " src: \":vmbase_example\",\n" " enabled: false,\n" " target: {\n" " android_arm64: {\n" " enabled: true,\n" " },\n" " },\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:3 msgid "" "For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase](https://android." "googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Virtualization/+/refs/heads/" "master/vmbase/) library provides a linker script and useful defaults for the " "build rules, along with an entry point, UART console logging and more." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "use vmbase::{main, println};\n" "\n" "main!(main);\n" "\n" "pub fn main(arg0: u64, arg1: u64, arg2: u64, arg3: u64) {\n" " println!(\"Hello world\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:21 msgid "" "The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` " "entry point." msgstr "" #: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:22 msgid "" "The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a " "PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown the VM if your main function returns." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:3 msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:1 #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:3 msgid "RTC driver" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:3 msgid "" "The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031](https://developer.arm.com/" "documentation/ddi0224/c) real-time clock at 0x9010000. For this exercise, " "you should write a driver for it." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:6 msgid "" "Use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use the " "[`chrono`](https://crates.io/crates/chrono) crate for date/time formatting." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:8 msgid "" "Use the match register and raw interrupt status to busy-wait until a given " "time, e.g. 3 seconds in the future. (Call [`core::hint::spin_loop`](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/core/hint/fn.spin_loop.html) inside the loop.)" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:10 msgid "" "_Extension if you have time:_ Enable and handle the interrupt generated by " "the RTC match. You can use the driver provided in the [`arm-gic`](https://" "docs.rs/arm-gic/) crate to configure the Arm Generic Interrupt Controller." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:12 msgid "Use the RTC interrupt, which is wired to the GIC as `IntId::spi(2)`." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:13 msgid "" "Once the interrupt is enabled, you can put the core to sleep via `arm_gic::" "wfi()`, which will cause the core to sleep until it receives an interrupt." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:16 msgid "" "Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and " "look in the `rtc` directory for the following files." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:23 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "mod exceptions;\n" "mod logger;\n" "mod pl011;\n" "\n" "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" "use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" "use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n" "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" "use smccc::Hvc;\n" "\n" "/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n" "const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n" "const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n" "\n" "/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" "const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" " // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " "device,\n" " // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" " let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" " logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" "\n" " info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n" "\n" " // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the " "base\n" " // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n" " // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n" " let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, " "GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" " gic.setup();\n" "\n" " // TODO: Create instance of RTC driver and print current time.\n" "\n" " // TODO: Wait for 3 seconds.\n" "\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[panic_handler]\n" "fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" " error!(\"{info}\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" " loop {}\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:75 msgid "" "`src/exceptions.rs` (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of " "the exercise):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:79 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" "use log::{error, info, trace};\n" "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" "use smccc::Hvc;\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " trace!(\"irq_current\");\n" " let intid = GicV3::get_and_acknowledge_interrupt().expect(\"No pending " "interrupt\");\n" " info!(\"IRQ {intid:?}\");\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"fiq_current\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"serr_current\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"sync_lower\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"irq_lower\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" " error!(\"serr_lower\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:149 msgid "`src/logger.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:153 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: main\n" "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" "use core::fmt::Write;\n" "use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n" "use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" "\n" "static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n" " uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n" "};\n" "\n" "struct Logger {\n" " uart: SpinMutex>,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Log for Logger {\n" " fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n" " true\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n" " writeln!(\n" " self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n" " \"[{}] {}\",\n" " record.level(),\n" " record.args()\n" " )\n" " .unwrap();\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn flush(&self) {}\n" "}\n" "\n" "/// Initialises UART logger.\n" "pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), " "SetLoggerError> {\n" " LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n" "\n" " log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n" " log::set_max_level(max_level);\n" " Ok(())\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:210 msgid "`src/pl011.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:214 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "#![allow(unused)]\n" "\n" "use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n" "use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Flags\n" "use bitflags::bitflags;\n" "\n" "bitflags! {\n" " /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n" " #[repr(transparent)]\n" " #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" " struct Flags: u16 {\n" " /// Clear to send.\n" " const CTS = 1 << 0;\n" " /// Data set ready.\n" " const DSR = 1 << 1;\n" " /// Data carrier detect.\n" " const DCD = 1 << 2;\n" " /// UART busy transmitting data.\n" " const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n" " /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n" " const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n" " /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n" " const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n" " /// Receive FIFO is full.\n" " const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n" " /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n" " const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n" " /// Ring indicator.\n" " const RI = 1 << 8;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n" "\n" "bitflags! {\n" " /// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n" " #[repr(transparent)]\n" " #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" " struct ReceiveStatus: u16 {\n" " /// Framing error.\n" " const FE = 1 << 0;\n" " /// Parity error.\n" " const PE = 1 << 1;\n" " /// Break error.\n" " const BE = 1 << 2;\n" " /// Overrun error.\n" " const OE = 1 << 3;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Registers\n" "#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" "struct Registers {\n" " dr: u16,\n" " _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n" " rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n" " _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n" " fr: Flags,\n" " _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n" " ilpr: u8,\n" " _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" " ibrd: u16,\n" " _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n" " fbrd: u8,\n" " _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n" " lcr_h: u8,\n" " _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n" " cr: u16,\n" " _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n" " ifls: u8,\n" " _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n" " imsc: u16,\n" " _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n" " ris: u16,\n" " _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n" " mis: u16,\n" " _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n" " icr: u16,\n" " _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n" " dmacr: u8,\n" " _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Uart\n" "/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "pub struct Uart {\n" " registers: *mut Registers,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Uart {\n" " /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at " "the\n" " /// given base address.\n" " ///\n" " /// # Safety\n" " ///\n" " /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of " "a\n" " /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " "process\n" " /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" " pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" " Self {\n" " registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" " pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" " // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" " while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n" "\n" " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" " unsafe {\n" " // Write to the TX buffer.\n" " addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n" " }\n" "\n" " // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" " while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n" " }\n" "\n" " /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been " "received.\n" " pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option {\n" " if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n" " None\n" " } else {\n" " let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)." "read_volatile() };\n" " // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n" " Some(data as u8)\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n" " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" " unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n" "\n" "impl Write for Uart {\n" " fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n" " for c in s.as_bytes() {\n" " self.write_byte(*c);\n" " }\n" " Ok(())\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" "// accessed from any context.\n" "unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:389 msgid "" "```toml\n" "[workspace]\n" "\n" "[package]\n" "name = \"rtc\"\n" "version = \"0.1.0\"\n" "edition = \"2021\"\n" "publish = false\n" "\n" "[dependencies]\n" "arm-gic = \"0.1.0\"\n" "bitflags = \"2.0.0\"\n" "chrono = { version = \"0.4.24\", default-features = false }\n" "log = \"0.4.17\"\n" "smccc = \"0.1.1\"\n" "spin = \"0.9.8\"\n" "\n" "[build-dependencies]\n" "cc = \"1.0.73\"\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:410 msgid "`build.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:414 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "use cc::Build;\n" "use std::env;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " #[cfg(target_os = \"linux\")]\n" " env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-linux-gnu\");\n" " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"linux\"))]\n" " env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-none-elf\");\n" "\n" " Build::new()\n" " .file(\"entry.S\")\n" " .file(\"exceptions.S\")\n" " .file(\"idmap.S\")\n" " .compile(\"empty\")\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust\n" "// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "```" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:446 msgid "`entry.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:450 msgid "" "```armasm\n" "/*\n" " * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" " *\n" " * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" " * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" " * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" " *\n" " * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" " *\n" " * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" " * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" " * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" " * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" " * limitations under the License.\n" " */\n" "\n" ".macro adr_l, reg:req, sym:req\n" "\tadrp \\reg, \\sym\n" "\tadd \\reg, \\reg, :lo12:\\sym\n" ".endm\n" "\n" ".macro mov_i, reg:req, imm:req\n" "\tmovz \\reg, :abs_g3:\\imm\n" "\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g2_nc:\\imm\n" "\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g1_nc:\\imm\n" "\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g0_nc:\\imm\n" ".endm\n" "\n" ".set .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE,\t0x04\n" ".set .L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA,\t0xff\n" ".set .Lmairval, .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE | (.L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA << 8)\n" "\n" "/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR0_EL1. */\n" ".set .L_TCR_TG0_4KB, 0x0 << 14\n" "/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR1_EL1. */\n" ".set .L_TCR_TG1_4KB, 0x2 << 30\n" "/* Disable translation table walk for TTBR1_EL1, generating a translation " "fault instead. */\n" ".set .L_TCR_EPD1, 0x1 << 23\n" "/* Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner sharable. */\n" ".set .L_TCR_SH_INNER, 0x3 << 12\n" "/*\n" " * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are outer write-back read-allocate " "write-allocate\n" " * cacheable.\n" " */\n" ".set .L_TCR_RGN_OWB, 0x1 << 10\n" "/*\n" " * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner write-back read-allocate " "write-allocate\n" " * cacheable.\n" " */\n" ".set .L_TCR_RGN_IWB, 0x1 << 8\n" "/* Size offset for TTBR0_EL1 is 2**39 bytes (512 GiB). */\n" ".set .L_TCR_T0SZ_512, 64 - 39\n" ".set .Ltcrval, .L_TCR_TG0_4KB | .L_TCR_TG1_4KB | .L_TCR_EPD1 | ." "L_TCR_RGN_OWB\n" ".set .Ltcrval, .Ltcrval | .L_TCR_RGN_IWB | .L_TCR_SH_INNER | ." "L_TCR_T0SZ_512\n" "\n" "/* Stage 1 instruction access cacheability is unaffected. */\n" ".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_I, 0x1 << 12\n" "/* SP alignment fault if SP is not aligned to a 16 byte boundary. */\n" ".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA, 0x1 << 3\n" "/* Stage 1 data access cacheability is unaffected. */\n" ".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_C, 0x1 << 2\n" "/* EL0 and EL1 stage 1 MMU enabled. */\n" ".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_M, 0x1 << 0\n" "/* Privileged Access Never is unchanged on taking an exception to EL1. */\n" ".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0x1 << 23\n" "/* SETEND instruction disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n" ".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0x1 << 8\n" "/* Various IT instructions are disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n" ".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD, 0x1 << 7\n" ".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1, (0x1 << 11) | (0x1 << 20) | (0x1 << 22) | (0x1 << " "28) | (0x1 << 29)\n" ".set .Lsctlrval, .L_SCTLR_ELx_M | .L_SCTLR_ELx_C | .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA | ." "L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED\n" ".set .Lsctlrval, .Lsctlrval | .L_SCTLR_ELx_I | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN | ." "L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1\n" "\n" "/**\n" " * This is a generic entry point for an image. It carries out the operations " "required to prepare the\n" " * loaded image to be run. Specifically, it zeroes the bss section using " "registers x25 and above,\n" " * prepares the stack, enables floating point, and sets up the exception " "vector. It preserves x0-x3\n" " * for the Rust entry point, as these may contain boot parameters.\n" " */\n" ".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n" ".global entry\n" "entry:\n" "\t/* Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable MMU " "and caches. */\n" "\tadrp x30, idmap\n" "\tmsr ttbr0_el1, x30\n" "\n" "\tmov_i x30, .Lmairval\n" "\tmsr mair_el1, x30\n" "\n" "\tmov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n" "\t/* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n" "\tmrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n" "\tbfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n" "\n" "\tmsr tcr_el1, x30\n" "\n" "\tmov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n" "\n" "\t/*\n" "\t * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate any " "potentially stale\n" "\t * local TLB entries before they start being used.\n" "\t */\n" "\tisb\n" "\ttlbi vmalle1\n" "\tic iallu\n" "\tdsb nsh\n" "\tisb\n" "\n" "\t/*\n" "\t * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until " "this has completed.\n" "\t */\n" "\tmsr sctlr_el1, x30\n" "\tisb\n" "\n" "\t/* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n" "\tmrs x30, cpacr_el1\n" "\torr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n" "\tmsr cpacr_el1, x30\n" "\tisb\n" "\n" "\t/* Zero out the bss section. */\n" "\tadr_l x29, bss_begin\n" "\tadr_l x30, bss_end\n" "0:\tcmp x29, x30\n" "\tb.hs 1f\n" "\tstp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n" "\tb 0b\n" "\n" "1:\t/* Prepare the stack. */\n" "\tadr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n" "\tmov sp, x30\n" "\n" "\t/* Set up exception vector. */\n" "\tadr x30, vector_table_el1\n" "\tmsr vbar_el1, x30\n" "\n" "\t/* Call into Rust code. */\n" "\tbl main\n" "\n" "\t/* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n" "2:\twfi\n" "\tb 2b\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:595 msgid "`exceptions.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:599 msgid "" "```armasm\n" "/*\n" " * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" " *\n" " * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" " * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" " * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" " *\n" " * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" " *\n" " * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" " * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" " * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" " * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" " * limitations under the License.\n" " */\n" "\n" "/**\n" " * Saves the volatile registers onto the stack. This currently takes 14\n" " * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers with 18 " "instructions\n" " * left.\n" " *\n" " * On return, x0 and x1 are initialised to elr_el2 and spsr_el2 " "respectively,\n" " * which can be used as the first and second arguments of a subsequent " "call.\n" " */\n" ".macro save_volatile_to_stack\n" "\t/* Reserve stack space and save registers x0-x18, x29 & x30. */\n" "\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #-(8 * 24)]!\n" "\tstp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n" "\tstp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n" "\tstp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n" "\tstp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n" "\tstp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n" "\tstp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n" "\tstp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n" "\tstp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n" "\tstr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n" "\tstp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n" "\n" "\t/*\n" "\t * Save elr_el1 & spsr_el1. This such that we can take nested exception\n" "\t * and still be able to unwind.\n" "\t */\n" "\tmrs x0, elr_el1\n" "\tmrs x1, spsr_el1\n" "\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n" ".endm\n" "\n" "/**\n" " * Restores the volatile registers from the stack. This currently takes 14\n" " * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers while still leaving " "18\n" " * instructions left; if paired with save_volatile_to_stack, there are 4\n" " * instructions to spare.\n" " */\n" ".macro restore_volatile_from_stack\n" "\t/* Restore registers x2-x18, x29 & x30. */\n" "\tldp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n" "\tldp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n" "\tldp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n" "\tldp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n" "\tldp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n" "\tldp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n" "\tldp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n" "\tldp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n" "\tldr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n" "\tldp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n" "\n" "\t/* Restore registers elr_el1 & spsr_el1, using x0 & x1 as scratch. */\n" "\tldp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n" "\tmsr elr_el1, x0\n" "\tmsr spsr_el1, x1\n" "\n" "\t/* Restore x0 & x1, and release stack space. */\n" "\tldp x0, x1, [sp], #8 * 24\n" ".endm\n" "\n" "/**\n" " * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while " "using\n" " * SP0. It behaves similarly to the SPx case by first switching to SPx, " "doing\n" " * the work, then switching back to SP0 before returning.\n" " *\n" " * Switching to SPx and calling the Rust handler takes 16 instructions. To\n" " * restore and return we need an additional 16 instructions, so we can " "implement\n" " * the whole handler within the allotted 32 instructions.\n" " */\n" ".macro current_exception_sp0 handler:req\n" "\tmsr spsel, #1\n" "\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n" "\tbl \\handler\n" "\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n" "\tmsr spsel, #0\n" "\teret\n" ".endm\n" "\n" "/**\n" " * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while " "using\n" " * SPx. It saves volatile registers, calls the Rust handler, restores " "volatile\n" " * registers, then returns.\n" " *\n" " * This also works for exceptions taken from EL0, if we don't care about\n" " * non-volatile registers.\n" " *\n" " * Saving state and jumping to the Rust handler takes 15 instructions, and\n" " * restoring and returning also takes 15 instructions, so we can fit the " "whole\n" " * handler in 30 instructions, under the limit of 32.\n" " */\n" ".macro current_exception_spx handler:req\n" "\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n" "\tbl \\handler\n" "\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n" "\teret\n" ".endm\n" "\n" ".section .text.vector_table_el1, \"ax\"\n" ".global vector_table_el1\n" ".balign 0x800\n" "vector_table_el1:\n" "sync_cur_sp0:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_sp0 sync_exception_current\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "irq_cur_sp0:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_sp0 irq_current\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "fiq_cur_sp0:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_sp0 fiq_current\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "serr_cur_sp0:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_sp0 serr_current\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "sync_cur_spx:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_exception_current\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "irq_cur_spx:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_current\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "fiq_cur_spx:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_current\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "serr_cur_spx:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_current\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "sync_lower_64:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "irq_lower_64:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "fiq_lower_64:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "serr_lower_64:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "sync_lower_32:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "irq_lower_32:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "fiq_lower_32:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n" "\n" ".balign 0x80\n" "serr_lower_32:\n" "\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:780 msgid "`idmap.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:784 msgid "" "```armasm\n" "/*\n" " * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" " *\n" " * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" " * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" " * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" " *\n" " * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" " *\n" " * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" " * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" " * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" " * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" " * limitations under the License.\n" " */\n" "\n" ".set .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK, 0x1\n" ".set .L_TT_TYPE_PAGE, 0x3\n" ".set .L_TT_TYPE_TABLE, 0x3\n" "\n" "/* Access flag. */\n" ".set .L_TT_AF, 0x1 << 10\n" "/* Not global. */\n" ".set .L_TT_NG, 0x1 << 11\n" ".set .L_TT_XN, 0x3 << 53\n" "\n" ".set .L_TT_MT_DEV, 0x0 << 2\t\t\t// MAIR #0 (DEV_nGnRE)\n" ".set .L_TT_MT_MEM, (0x1 << 2) | (0x3 << 8)\t// MAIR #1 (MEM_WBWA), inner " "shareable\n" "\n" ".set .L_BLOCK_DEV, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_DEV | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_XN\n" ".set .L_BLOCK_MEM, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_MEM | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_NG\n" "\n" ".section \".rodata.idmap\", \"a\", %progbits\n" ".global idmap\n" ".align 12\n" "idmap:\n" "\t/* level 1 */\n" "\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x0\t\t // 1 GiB of device mappings\n" "\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_MEM | 0x40000000\t// 1 GiB of DRAM\n" "\t.fill\t\t254, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 254 GiB of unmapped VA space\n" "\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x4000000000 // 1 GiB of device mappings\n" "\t.fill\t\t255, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 255 GiB of remaining VA space\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:829 msgid "`image.ld` (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:833 msgid "" "```ld\n" "/*\n" " * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" " *\n" " * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" " * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" " * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" " *\n" " * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" " *\n" " * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" " * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" " * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" " * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" " * limitations under the License.\n" " */\n" "\n" "/*\n" " * Code will start running at this symbol which is placed at the start of " "the\n" " * image.\n" " */\n" "ENTRY(entry)\n" "\n" "MEMORY\n" "{\n" "\timage : ORIGIN = 0x40080000, LENGTH = 2M\n" "}\n" "\n" "SECTIONS\n" "{\n" "\t/*\n" "\t * Collect together the code.\n" "\t */\n" "\t.init : ALIGN(4096) {\n" "\t\ttext_begin = .;\n" "\t\t*(.init.entry)\n" "\t\t*(.init.*)\n" "\t} >image\n" "\t.text : {\n" "\t\t*(.text.*)\n" "\t} >image\n" "\ttext_end = .;\n" "\n" "\t/*\n" "\t * Collect together read-only data.\n" "\t */\n" "\t.rodata : ALIGN(4096) {\n" "\t\trodata_begin = .;\n" "\t\t*(.rodata.*)\n" "\t} >image\n" "\t.got : {\n" "\t\t*(.got)\n" "\t} >image\n" "\trodata_end = .;\n" "\n" "\t/*\n" "\t * Collect together the read-write data including .bss at the end which\n" "\t * will be zero'd by the entry code.\n" "\t */\n" "\t.data : ALIGN(4096) {\n" "\t\tdata_begin = .;\n" "\t\t*(.data.*)\n" "\t\t/*\n" "\t\t * The entry point code assumes that .data is a multiple of 32\n" "\t\t * bytes long.\n" "\t\t */\n" "\t\t. = ALIGN(32);\n" "\t\tdata_end = .;\n" "\t} >image\n" "\n" "\t/* Everything beyond this point will not be included in the binary. */\n" "\tbin_end = .;\n" "\n" "\t/* The entry point code assumes that .bss is 16-byte aligned. */\n" "\t.bss : ALIGN(16) {\n" "\t\tbss_begin = .;\n" "\t\t*(.bss.*)\n" "\t\t*(COMMON)\n" "\t\t. = ALIGN(16);\n" "\t\tbss_end = .;\n" "\t} >image\n" "\n" "\t.stack (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4096) {\n" "\t\tboot_stack_begin = .;\n" "\t\t. += 40 * 4096;\n" "\t\t. = ALIGN(4096);\n" "\t\tboot_stack_end = .;\n" "\t} >image\n" "\n" "\t. = ALIGN(4K);\n" "\tPROVIDE(dma_region = .);\n" "\n" "\t/*\n" "\t * Remove unused sections from the image.\n" "\t */\n" "\t/DISCARD/ : {\n" "\t\t/* The image loads itself so doesn't need these sections. */\n" "\t\t*(.gnu.hash)\n" "\t\t*(.hash)\n" "\t\t*(.interp)\n" "\t\t*(.eh_frame_hdr)\n" "\t\t*(.eh_frame)\n" "\t\t*(.note.gnu.build-id)\n" "\t}\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:940 msgid "`Makefile` (you shouldn't need to change this):" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:944 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```makefile\n" "# Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" "#\n" "# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "#\n" "# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "#\n" "# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "# limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "UNAME := $(shell uname -s)\n" "ifeq ($(UNAME),Linux)\n" "\tTARGET = aarch64-linux-gnu\n" "else\n" "\tTARGET = aarch64-none-elf\n" "endif\n" "OBJCOPY = $(TARGET)-objcopy\n" "\n" ".PHONY: build qemu_minimal qemu qemu_logger\n" "\n" "all: rtc.bin\n" "\n" "build:\n" "\tcargo build\n" "\n" "rtc.bin: build\n" "\t$(OBJCOPY) -O binary target/aarch64-unknown-none/debug/rtc $@\n" "\n" "qemu: rtc.bin\n" "\tqemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,gic-version=3 -cpu max -serial mon:stdio " "-display none -kernel $< -s\n" "\n" "clean:\n" "\tcargo clean\n" "\trm -f *.bin\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust\n" "// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "```" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:989 msgid "" "```toml\n" "[build]\n" "target = \"aarch64-unknown-none\"\n" "rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Timage.ld\"]\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:995 msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency.md:1 #, fuzzy msgid "Welcome to Concurrency in Rust" msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Comprehensive Rust 🦀" #: src/concurrency.md:3 msgid "" "Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and " "channels." msgstr "" "Rust tem suporte total para concorrência usando _threads_ do SO com " "_mutexes_ e _channels_ (canais)." #: src/concurrency.md:6 msgid "" "The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs " "compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since " "you can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime." msgstr "" "O sistema de tipos do Rust desempenha um papel importante na conversão de " "muitos erros de concorrência em erros de tempo de compilação. Isso " "geralmente é chamado de _concorrência sem medo_, pois você pode confiar no " "compilador para garantir a exatidão no tempo de execução." #: src/concurrency/threads.md:3 msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:" msgstr "" "_Threads_ em Rust funcionam de maneira semelhante às _threads_ em outras " "linguagens:" #: src/concurrency/threads.md:5 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::thread;\n" "use std::time::Duration;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " thread::spawn(|| {\n" " for i in 1..10 {\n" " println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n" " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" " }\n" " });\n" "\n" " for i in 1..5 {\n" " println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n" " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "fn main() { thread::spawn(|| { for i in 1..10 { println!(\"Contador na " "thread: {i}!\"); thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5)); } });" #: src/concurrency/threads.md:24 msgid "Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them." msgstr "" "_Threads_ são todas \"_daemon threads_\", o _thread_ principal não espera " "por elas." #: src/concurrency/threads.md:25 msgid "Thread panics are independent of each other." msgstr "\"_Panics_\" em _threads_ são independentes uns dos outros." #: src/concurrency/threads.md:26 msgid "Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`." msgstr "" "\"_Panics_\" podem carregar um _payload_ (carga útil), que pode ser " "descompactado com `downcast_ref`." #: src/concurrency/threads.md:32 msgid "" "Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread is " "not waiting." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/threads.md:35 msgid "" "Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for " "the thread to finish." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/threads.md:38 msgid "Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/threads.md:40 msgid "" "Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the " "panic payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`](https://doc.rust-" "lang.org/std/any/index.html)." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3 msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:" msgstr "_Threads_ normais não podem emprestar de seu ambiente:" #: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:5 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use std::thread;\n" "\n" "fn foo() {\n" " let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" " thread::spawn(|| {\n" " println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" " });\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " foo();\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" " let s1: String = String::from(\"Olá!\");\n" " let s2: String = s1;\n" " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" " // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" "}\n" "```" #: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:20 msgid "" "However, you can use a [scoped thread](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/" "fn.scope.html) for this:" msgstr "" "No entanto, você pode usar uma [_thread_ com escopo](https://doc.rust-lang." "org/std/thread/fn.scope.html) para isso:" #: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:22 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::thread;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" "\n" " thread::scope(|scope| {\n" " scope.spawn(|| {\n" " println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" " });\n" " });\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```\n" "thread::scope(|scope| {\n" " scope.spawn(|| {\n" " println!(\"Comprimento: {}\", s.len());\n" " });\n" "});\n" "```\n" "\n" "}\n" "\n" "```\n" "```" #: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:40 #, fuzzy msgid "" "The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all " "the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed data." msgstr "" "A razão para isso é que, quando a função `thread::scope` for concluída, " "todas as _threads_ serão unidas, para que possam retornar dados emprestados." #: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:41 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one " "thread, or immutably by any number of threads." msgstr "" "Aplicam-se as regras normais de empréstimo do Rust: o empréstimo pode ser " "mutável, para uma `thread` ou imutável para qualquer número de _threads_." #: src/concurrency/channels.md:3 msgid "" "Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender` and a `Receiver`. The two " "parts are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points." msgstr "" "Os _channels_ (canais) em Rust têm duas partes: um `Sender` e um " "`Receiver`. As duas partes estão conectadas através do _channel_, mas " "você só vê os _end-points_." #: src/concurrency/channels.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::sync::mpsc;\n" "use std::thread;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n" "\n" " tx.send(10).unwrap();\n" " tx.send(20).unwrap();\n" "\n" " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" "\n" " let tx2 = tx.clone();\n" " tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n" " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels.md:27 msgid "" "`mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` " "implement `Clone` (so you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does " "not." msgstr "" "`mpsc` significa Multi-Produtor, Único-Consumidor. `Sender` e `SyncSender` " "implementam `Clone` (então você pode criar vários produtores), mas " "`Receiver` (consumidores) não." #: src/concurrency/channels.md:29 msgid "" "`send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the " "counterpart `Sender` or `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed." msgstr "" "`send()` e `recv()` retornam `Result`. Se retornarem `Err`, significa que a " "contraparte `Sender` ou `Receiver` é descartada e o canal é fechado." #: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3 msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:" msgstr "Você obtém um canal ilimitado e assíncrono com `mpsc::channel()`:" #: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:5 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::sync::mpsc;\n" "use std::thread;\n" "use std::time::Duration;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n" "\n" " thread::spawn(move || {\n" " let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" " for i in 1..10 {\n" " tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n" " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n" " }\n" " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n" " });\n" " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" "\n" " for msg in rx.iter() {\n" " println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```\n" "thread::spawn(move || {\n" " let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" " for i in 1..10 {\n" " tx.send(format!(\"Mensagem {i}\")).unwrap();\n" " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: enviando a mensagem: {i}\");\n" " }\n" " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: feito\");\n" "});\n" "thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" "```" #: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3 #, fuzzy msgid "" "With bounded (synchronous) channels, `send` can block the current thread:" msgstr "Canais limitados e síncronos fazem `send` bloquear o _thread_ atual:" #: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:5 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::sync::mpsc;\n" "use std::thread;\n" "use std::time::Duration;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);\n" "\n" " thread::spawn(move || {\n" " let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" " for i in 1..10 {\n" " tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n" " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n" " }\n" " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n" " });\n" " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" "\n" " for msg in rx.iter() {\n" " println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "```\n" "thread::spawn(move || {\n" " let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" " for i in 1..10 {\n" " tx.send(format!(\"Mensagem {i}\")).unwrap();\n" " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: enviando a mensagem: {i}\");\n" " }\n" " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: feito\");\n" "});\n" "thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" "```" #: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:31 msgid "" "Calling `send` will block the current thread until there is space in the " "channel for the new message. The thread can be blocked indefinitely if there " "is nobody who reads from the channel." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:32 msgid "" "A call to `send` will abort with an error (that is why it returns `Result`) " "if the channel is closed. A channel is closed when the receiver is dropped." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:33 msgid "" "A bounded channel with a size of zero is called a \"rendezvous channel\". " "Every send will block the current thread until another thread calls `read`." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1 msgid "`Send` and `Sync`" msgstr "`Send` e `Sync`" #: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3 msgid "" "How does Rust know to forbid shared access across thread? The answer is in " "two traits:" msgstr "" "Como o Rust sabe proibir o acesso compartilhado entre threads? A resposta " "está em duas características:" #: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:5 msgid "" "[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): a type `T` " "is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread boundary." msgstr "" "[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): um tipo `T` " "é `Send` se for seguro mover um `T` entre _threads_" #: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:7 msgid "" "[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): a type `T` " "is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread boundary." msgstr "" "[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): um tipo `T` " "é `Sync` se for seguro mover um `&T` entre _threads_" #: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:10 msgid "" "`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). The " "compiler will automatically derive them for your types as long as they only " "contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when " "you know it is valid." msgstr "" "`Send` e `Sync` são [`unsafe traits`](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). O " "compilador os derivará automaticamente para seus tipos desde que contenham " "apenas os tipos `Send` e `Sync`. Você também pode implementá-los manualmente " "quando souber que são válidos." #: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:20 #, fuzzy msgid "" "One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-" "safety properties." msgstr "" "Pode-se pensar nesses _traits_ como marcadores de que o tipo possui certas " "propriedades de segurança de _threads_." #: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:21 #, fuzzy msgid "They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits." msgstr "Eles podem ser usados nas restrições genéricas como _traits_ normais." #: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1 msgid "`Send`" msgstr "`Send`" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3 msgid "" "A type `T` is [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) " "if it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread." msgstr "" "Um tipo `T` é [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) " "se for seguro mover um valor `T` para outro _thread_." #: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5 msgid "" "The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will " "run in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one " "thread and deallocate it in another." msgstr "" "O efeito de mover a propriedade (ownership) para outro _thread_ é que os " "_destructors_ serão executados nessa _thread_. Então a questão é: quando " "você pode alocar um valor em um _thread_ e desalocá-lo em outro?" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:13 msgid "" "As an example, a connection to the SQLite library must only be accessed from " "a single thread." msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1 msgid "`Sync`" msgstr "`Sync`" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3 msgid "" "A type `T` is [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) " "if it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple threads at the same time." msgstr "" "Um tipo `T` é [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) " "se for seguro acessar um valor `T` de várias threads ao mesmo tempo." #: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6 msgid "More precisely, the definition is:" msgstr "Mais precisamente, a definição é:" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8 msgid "`T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`" msgstr "`T` é `Sync` se e somente se `&T` é `Send`" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14 msgid "" "This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is " "thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it " "across threads." msgstr "" "Essa instrução é essencialmente uma maneira abreviada de dizer que, se um " "tipo é _thread-safe_ para uso compartilhado, também é _thread-safe_ passar " "referências a ele entre _threads_." #: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:16 msgid "" "This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across " "multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization " "issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type " "is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references can " "be accessed from any thread safely." msgstr "" "Isso ocorre porque, se um tipo for `Sync`, significa que ele pode ser " "compartilhado entre vários _threads_ sem o risco de corridas de dados ou " "outros problemas de sincronização, portanto, é seguro movê-lo para outro " "_thread_. Uma referência ao tipo também é segura para mover para outro " "_thread_, porque os dados a que ela faz referência podem ser acessados de " "qualquer _thread_ com segurança." #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3 msgid "`Send + Sync`" msgstr "`Send + Sync`" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5 msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:" msgstr "A maioria dos tipos que você encontra são `Send + Sync`:" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7 msgid "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..." msgstr "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..." #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:8 msgid "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..." msgstr "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..." #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:9 msgid "`String`, `Option`, `Vec`, `Box`, ..." msgstr "`String`, `Option`, `Vec`, `Box`, ..." #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:10 msgid "`Arc`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count." msgstr "" "`Arc`: Explicitamente _thread-safe_ via contagem de referência atômica." #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:11 msgid "`Mutex`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking." msgstr "`Mutex`: Explicitamente _thread-safe_ via bloqueio interno." #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:12 msgid "`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions." msgstr "`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Usa instruções atômicas especiais." #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14 msgid "" "The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are " "`Send + Sync`." msgstr "" "Os tipos genéricos são tipicamente `Send + Sync` quando os parâmetros de " "tipo são `Send + Sync`." #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17 msgid "`Send + !Sync`" msgstr "`Send + !Sync`" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19 msgid "" "These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe. " "Typically because of interior mutability:" msgstr "" "Esses tipos podem ser movidos para outras _threads_, mas não são seguros " "para _threads_. Normalmente por causa da mutabilidade interior:" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22 msgid "`mpsc::Sender`" msgstr "`mpsc::Sender`" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:23 msgid "`mpsc::Receiver`" msgstr "`mpsc::Receiver`" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:24 msgid "`Cell`" msgstr "`Cell`" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:25 msgid "`RefCell`" msgstr "`RefCell`" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27 msgid "`!Send + Sync`" msgstr "`!Send + Sync`" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29 msgid "" "These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:" msgstr "" "Esses tipos são _thread-safe_, mas não podem ser movidos para outro _thread_:" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31 msgid "" "`MutexGuard`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on the " "thread which created them." msgstr "" "`MutexGuard`: Usa primitivas a nível de sistema operacional que devem ser " "desalocadas no _thread_ que as criou." #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34 msgid "`!Send + !Sync`" msgstr "`!Send + !Sync`" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36 msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:" msgstr "" "Esses tipos não são _thread-safe_ e não podem ser movidos para outros " "_threads_:" #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38 msgid "" "`Rc`: each `Rc` has a reference to an `RcBox`, which contains a non-" "atomic reference count." msgstr "" "`Rc`: cada `Rc` tem uma referência a um `RcBox`, que contém uma " "contagem de referência não atômica." #: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:40 msgid "" "`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special concurrency " "considerations." msgstr "" "`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assume que ponteiros brutos podem ter " "considerações de especiais de concorrência." #: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3 msgid "" "Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is " "primarily done via two types:" msgstr "" "Rust usa o sistema de tipos para impor a sincronização de dados " "compartilhados. Isso é feito principalmente através de dois tipos:" #: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6 msgid "" "[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), atomic " "reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and takes care to " "deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped," msgstr "" "[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), referência " "atômica contada `T`: manipula o compartilhamento entre _threads_ e toma o " "cuidado de desalocar `T` quando a última referência é descartada," #: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:8 msgid "" "[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): ensures " "mutually exclusive access to the `T` value." msgstr "" "[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): garante " "acesso mutuamente exclusivo ao valor `T`." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1 msgid "`Arc`" msgstr "`Arc`" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3 #, fuzzy msgid "" "[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) allows shared " "read-only access via `Arc::clone`:" msgstr "" "[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) permite " "acesso somente leitura compartilhado por meio de seu método `clone`:" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:5 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::thread;\n" "use std::sync::Arc;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" " let mut handles = Vec::new();\n" " for _ in 1..5 {\n" " let v = Arc::clone(&v);\n" " handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n" " let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n" " }));\n" " }\n" "\n" " handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n" " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "fn main() { let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30\\]); let mut handles = Vec::" "new(); for _ in 1..5 { let v = v.clone(); handles.push(thread::spawn(move || " "{ let thread_id = thread::current().id(); println!(\"{thread_id:?}: " "{v:?}\"); })); }" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29 msgid "" "`Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` " "that uses atomic operations." msgstr "" "`Arc` significa \"Atomic Reference Counted\", uma versão _thread-safe_ de " "`Rc` que usa operações atômicas." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:31 #, fuzzy msgid "" "`Arc` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` " "and `Sync` if and only if `T` implements them both." msgstr "" "`Arc` implementa `Clone` quer `T` o faça ou não. Ele implementa `Send` e " "`Sync` se `T` implementa os dois." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:33 msgid "" "`Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but " "after that the use of the `T` is free." msgstr "" "`Arc::clone()` tem o custo das operações atômicas que são executadas, mas " "depois disso o uso do `T` é gratuito." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:35 msgid "" "Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect " "them." msgstr "" "Cuidado com os ciclos de referência, `Arc` não usa um coletor de lixo para " "detectá-los." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:36 msgid "`std::sync::Weak` can help." msgstr "`std::sync::Weak` pode ajudar." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1 msgid "`Mutex`" msgstr "`Mutex`" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3 msgid "" "[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) ensures " "mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T` behind a read-only " "interface:" msgstr "" "[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) garante " "exclusão mútua _e_ permite acesso mutável a `T` por trás de uma interface " "somente leitura:" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:6 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::sync::Mutex;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" " println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" "\n" " {\n" " let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n" " guard.push(40);\n" " }\n" "\n" " println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:22 msgid "" "Notice how we have a [`impl Sync for Mutex`](https://doc.rust-" "lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E) blanket " "implementation." msgstr "" "Observe como temos uma implementação [`impl Sync for Mutex`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-" "Mutex%3CT%3E) encoberta." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:31 #, fuzzy msgid "" "`Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element - the " "protected data." msgstr "" "`Mutex` em Rust parece uma coleção com apenas um elemento - os dados " "protegidos." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:32 #, fuzzy msgid "" "It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the " "protected data." msgstr "" "Não é possível esquecer de adquirir o mutex antes de acessar os dados " "protegidos." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:33 #, fuzzy msgid "" "You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex` by taking the lock. The " "`MutexGuard` ensures that the `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held." msgstr "" "Você pode obter um `&mut T` de um `&Mutex` obtendo um bloqueio (_lock_). " "O `MutexGuard` garante que o `&mut T` não sobrevive além do bloqueio " "(_lock_)." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:35 #, fuzzy msgid "" "`Mutex` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff (if and only if) `T` " "implements `Send`." msgstr "`Mutex` implementa `Send` e `Sync` se `T` implementa `Send`." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:36 #, fuzzy msgid "A read-write lock counterpart - `RwLock`." msgstr "O bloqueio para leitura e gravação - `RwLock`." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:37 #, fuzzy msgid "Why does `lock()` return a `Result`? " msgstr "Por que `lock()` retorna um `Result`?" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:38 #, fuzzy msgid "" "If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes " "\"poisoned\" to signal that the data it protected might be in an " "inconsistent state. Calling `lock()` on a poisoned mutex fails with a " "[`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html). " "You can call `into_inner()` on the error to recover the data regardless." msgstr "" "Se o thread que manteve o `Mutex` entrou em pânico, o `Mutex` torna-se " "\"envenenado\" para sinalizar que os dados protegidos podem estar em um " "estado inconsistente. Ao chamar `lock()` em um mutex envenenado o retorno é " "uma falha com um [`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct." "PoisonError.html). Você pode chamar `into_inner()` no erro para recuperar os " "dados independentemente." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3 msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:" msgstr "Vamos ver `Arc` e `Mutex` em ação:" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:5 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use std::thread;\n" "// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" " let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n" " v.push(10);\n" " });\n" " v.push(1000);\n" "\n" " handle.join().unwrap();\n" " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "fn main() { let mut v = vec![10, 20, 30\\]; let handle = thread::spawn(|| " "{ v.push(10); }); v.push(1000);" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23 msgid "Possible solution:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:25 msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" "use std::thread;\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n" "\n" " let v2 = Arc::clone(&v);\n" " let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n" " let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n" " v2.push(10);\n" " });\n" "\n" " {\n" " let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" " v.push(1000);\n" " }\n" "\n" " handle.join().unwrap();\n" "\n" " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:49 msgid "Notable parts:" msgstr "" #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:51 #, fuzzy msgid "" "`v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are " "orthogonal." msgstr "" "`v` é agrupado em ambos `Arc` e `Mutex`, porque seus interesses são " "ortogonais." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:52 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state " "between threads." msgstr "" "Envolver um `Mutex` em um `Arc` é um padrão comum para compartilhar o estado " "mutável entre threads." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:53 #, fuzzy msgid "" "`v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another " "thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature." msgstr "" "`v: Arc<_>` precisa ser clonado como `v2` antes que possa ser movido para " "outro thread. Note que `move` foi adicionado à assinatura lambda." #: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:54 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as " "possible." msgstr "" "Os blocos são introduzidos para restringir o escopo do `LockGuard` tanto " "quanto possível.\n" "\n" "Ainda precisamos adquirir o `Mutex` para imprimir nosso `Vec`." #: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:3 msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with" msgstr "Vamos praticar nossas novas habilidades de concorrência com:" #: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:5 #, fuzzy msgid "Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency." msgstr "" "Verificador de link _multi-threads_: um projeto maior no qual você usará o " "Cargo para baixar as dependências e também verificar os links em paralelo." #: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:7 msgid "" "Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to " "download dependencies and then check links in parallel." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:3 msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:" msgstr "" "O problema dos filósofos jantando é um problema clássico em concorrência:" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:5 msgid "" "Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has " "their own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish " "served is a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each " "philosopher can only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can " "only eat their spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two " "forks will only be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, " "not eating. After an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put " "down both forks." msgstr "" "Cinco filósofos jantam juntos na mesma mesa. Cada folósofo tem seu próprio " "lugar à mesa. Há um garfo entre cada prato. O prato servido é uma espécie de " "espaguete que se come com dois garfos. Cada filósofo pode somente pensar ou " "comer, alternadamente. Além disso, um filósofo só pode comer seu espaguete " "quando ele têm garfo esquerdo e direito. Assim, dois garfos só estarão " "disponíveis quando seus dois vizinhos mais próximos estiverem pensando, não " "comendo. Depois de um filósofo individual termina de comer, ele abaixa os " "dois garfos." #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:13 #, fuzzy msgid "" "You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) " "for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill " "out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:" msgstr "" "Você precisará de uma \\[instalação do Cargo\\]\\[../../cargo/running-" "locally.md\\] local para esse exercício. Copie o código abaixo para o " "arquivo `src/main.rs`, preencha os espaços em branco, e teste se `cargo run` " "não trava:" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:19 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n" "use std::thread;\n" "use std::time::Duration;\n" "\n" "struct Fork;\n" "\n" "struct Philosopher {\n" " name: String,\n" " // left_fork: ...\n" " // right_fork: ...\n" " // thoughts: ...\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Philosopher {\n" " fn think(&self) {\n" " self.thoughts\n" " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" " .unwrap();\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn eat(&self) {\n" " // Pick up forks...\n" " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" " &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " // Create forks\n" "\n" " // Create philosophers\n" "\n" " // Make each of them think and eat 100 times\n" "\n" " // Output their thoughts\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:61 msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:65 msgid "" "```toml\n" "[package]\n" "name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n" "version = \"0.1.0\"\n" "edition = \"2021\"\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:3 msgid "" "Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It " "should start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It " "should recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this " "until all pages have been validated." msgstr "" "Vamos usar nosso novo conhecimento para criar um verificador de links _multi-" "threads_. Comece em uma página da web e verifique se os links na página são " "válidos. Verifique recursivamente outras páginas no mesmo domínio e " "continue fazendo isso até que todas as páginas tenham sido validadas." #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:8 msgid "" "For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/" "reqwest/). Create a new Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:" msgstr "" "Para isso, você precisará de um cliente HTTP como [`reqwest`](https://docs." "rs/reqwest/). Crie um novo Project com o Cargo e adicione `reqwest` como uma " "dependência:" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:11 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "cargo new link-checker\n" "cd link-checker\n" "cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "$ cargo new link-checker\n" "$ cd link-checker\n" "$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n" "```" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:17 msgid "" "If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the " "`Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below." msgstr "" "Se `cargo add` falhar com `error: no such subcommand`, edite o arquivo " "`Cargo.toml` à mão. Adicione as dependências listadas abaixo." #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:20 msgid "" "You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`](https://docs." "rs/scraper/) for that:" msgstr "" "Você também precisará de uma maneira de encontrar links. Podemos usar " "[`scraper`](https://docs.rs/scraper/) para isso:" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:22 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "cargo add scraper\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "$ cargo add scraper\n" "```" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:26 msgid "" "Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`]" "(https://docs.rs/thiserror/) for that:" msgstr "" "Por fim, precisaremos de alguma forma de lidar com os erros. Usamos " "[`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) para isso:" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:29 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "cargo add thiserror\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "$ cargo add thiserror\n" "```" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:33 msgid "" "The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:" msgstr "" "As chamadas `cargo add` irão atualizar o arquivo `Cargo.toml` para ficar " "assim:" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:37 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```toml\n" "[package]\n" "name = \"link-checker\"\n" "version = \"0.1.0\"\n" "edition = \"2021\"\n" "publish = false\n" "\n" "[dependencies]\n" "reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-" "tls\"] }\n" "scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n" "thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n" "```" msgstr "" "```toml\n" "[dependências]\n" "reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-" "tls\"] }\n" "scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n" "thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n" "```" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:50 msgid "" "You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as `https://" "www.google.org/`." msgstr "" "Agora você pode baixar a página inicial. Tente com um pequeno site como " "`https://www.google.org/`." #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:53 msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:" msgstr "Seu arquivo `src/main.rs` deve se parecer com isto:" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:57 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n" "use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n" "use thiserror::Error;\n" "\n" "#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n" "enum Error {\n" " #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n" " ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n" " #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n" " BadResponse(String),\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct CrawlCommand {\n" " url: Url,\n" " extract_links: bool,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> Result, " "Error> {\n" " println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n" " let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n" " if !response.status().is_success() {\n" " return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n" " }\n" "\n" " let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n" " if !command.extract_links {\n" " return Ok(link_urls);\n" " }\n" "\n" " let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n" " let body_text = response.text()?;\n" " let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n" "\n" " let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n" " let href_values = document\n" " .select(&selector)\n" " .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n" " for href in href_values {\n" " match base_url.join(href) {\n" " Ok(link_url) => {\n" " link_urls.push(link_url);\n" " }\n" " Err(err) => {\n" " println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: " "{err}\");\n" " }\n" " }\n" " }\n" " Ok(link_urls)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let client = Client::new();\n" " let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n" " let crawl_command = CrawlCommand{ url: start_url, extract_links: " "true };\n" " match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) {\n" " Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n" " Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:120 msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with" msgstr "Execute o código em `src/main.rs` com" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:122 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "cargo run\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "$ cargo run\n" "```" #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:128 msgid "" "Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a " "channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel." msgstr "" "Use _threads_ para verificar os links em paralelo: envie as URLs a serem " "verificadas para um _channel_ e deixe alguns _threads_ verificarem as URLs " "em paralelo." #: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:130 msgid "" "Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the `www.google." "org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you don't end up " "being blocked by the site." msgstr "" "Estenda isso para extrair recursivamente links de todas as páginas no " "domínio `www.google.org`. Coloque um limite máximo de 100 páginas ou menos " "para que você não acabe sendo bloqueado pelo site." #: src/async.md:1 #, fuzzy msgid "Async Rust" msgstr "Por que Rust?" #: src/async.md:3 msgid "" "\"Async\" is a concurrency model where multiple tasks are executed " "concurrently by executing each task until it would block, then switching to " "another task that is ready to make progress. The model allows running a " "larger number of tasks on a limited number of threads. This is because the " "per-task overhead is typically very low and operating systems provide " "primitives for efficiently identifying I/O that is able to proceed." msgstr "" #: src/async.md:10 msgid "" "Rust's asynchronous operation is based on \"futures\", which represent work " "that may be completed in the future. Futures are \"polled\" until they " "signal that they are complete." msgstr "" #: src/async.md:14 msgid "" "Futures are polled by an async runtime, and several different runtimes are " "available." msgstr "" #: src/async.md:17 #, fuzzy msgid "Comparisons" msgstr "Comparação" #: src/async.md:19 msgid "" "Python has a similar model in its `asyncio`. However, its `Future` type is " "callback-based, and not polled. Async Python programs require a \"loop\", " "similar to a runtime in Rust." msgstr "" #: src/async.md:23 msgid "" "JavaScript's `Promise` is similar, but again callback-based. The language " "runtime implements the event loop, so many of the details of Promise " "resolution are hidden." msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md:1 msgid "`async`/`await`" msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md:3 msgid "" "At a high level, async Rust code looks very much like \"normal\" sequential " "code:" msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use futures::executor::block_on;\n" "\n" "async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n" " for i in 1..=count {\n" " println!(\"Count is: {i}!\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "async fn async_main(count: i32) {\n" " count_to(count).await;\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " block_on(async_main(10));\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md:27 msgid "" "Note that this is a simplified example to show the syntax. There is no long " "running operation or any real concurrency in it!" msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md:30 msgid "What is the return type of an async call?" msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md:31 msgid "Use `let future: () = async_main(10);` in `main` to see the type." msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md:33 msgid "" "The \"async\" keyword is syntactic sugar. The compiler replaces the return " "type with a future. " msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md:36 msgid "" "You cannot make `main` async, without additional instructions to the " "compiler on how to use the returned future." msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md:39 msgid "" "You need an executor to run async code. `block_on` blocks the current thread " "until the provided future has run to completion. " msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md:42 msgid "" "`.await` asynchronously waits for the completion of another operation. " "Unlike `block_on`, `.await` doesn't block the current thread." msgstr "" #: src/async/async-await.md:45 msgid "" "`.await` can only be used inside an `async` function (or block; these are " "introduced later). " msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md:3 msgid "" "[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html) is a " "trait, implemented by objects that represent an operation that may not be " "complete yet. A future can be polled, and `poll` returns a [`Poll`](https://" "doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)." msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md:8 msgid "" "```rust\n" "use std::pin::Pin;\n" "use std::task::Context;\n" "\n" "pub trait Future {\n" " type Output;\n" " fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll;\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub enum Poll {\n" " Ready(T),\n" " Pending,\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md:23 msgid "" "An async function returns an `impl Future`. It's also possible (but " "uncommon) to implement `Future` for your own types. For example, the " "`JoinHandle` returned from `tokio::spawn` implements `Future` to allow " "joining to it." msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md:27 msgid "" "The `.await` keyword, applied to a Future, causes the current async function " "to pause until that Future is ready, and then evaluates to its output." msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md:32 msgid "" "The `Future` and `Poll` types are implemented exactly as shown; click the " "links to show the implementations in the docs." msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md:35 msgid "" "We will not get to `Pin` and `Context`, as we will focus on writing async " "code, rather than building new async primitives. Briefly:" msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md:38 msgid "" "`Context` allows a Future to schedule itself to be polled again when an " "event occurs." msgstr "" #: src/async/futures.md:41 msgid "" "`Pin` ensures that the Future isn't moved in memory, so that pointers into " "that future remain valid. This is required to allow references to remain " "valid after an `.await`." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes.md:3 msgid "" "A _runtime_ provides support for performing operations asynchronously (a " "_reactor_) and is responsible for executing futures (an _executor_). Rust " "does not have a \"built-in\" runtime, but several options are available:" msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes.md:7 msgid "" "[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/): performant, with a well-developed ecosystem of " "functionality like [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) for HTTP or [Tonic](https://" "github.com/hyperium/tonic) for gRPC." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes.md:10 msgid "" "[async-std](https://async.rs/): aims to be a \"std for async\", and includes " "a basic runtime in `async::task`." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes.md:12 msgid "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/): simple and lightweight" msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes.md:14 msgid "" "Several larger applications have their own runtimes. For example, [Fuchsia]" "(https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/fuchsia-" "async/src/lib.rs) already has one." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes.md:20 msgid "" "Note that of the listed runtimes, only Tokio is supported in the Rust " "playground. The playground also does not permit any I/O, so most interesting " "async things can't run in the playground." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes.md:24 msgid "" "Futures are \"inert\" in that they do not do anything (not even start an I/O " "operation) unless there is an executor polling them. This differs from JS " "Promises, for example, which will run to completion even if they are never " "used." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:4 msgid "Tokio provides: " msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:6 msgid "A multi-threaded runtime for executing asynchronous code." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:7 msgid "An asynchronous version of the standard library." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:8 msgid "A large ecosystem of libraries." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:10 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use tokio::time;\n" "\n" "async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n" " for i in 1..=count {\n" " println!(\"Count in task: {i}!\");\n" " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main]\n" "async fn main() {\n" " tokio::spawn(count_to(10));\n" "\n" " for i in 1..5 {\n" " println!(\"Main task: {i}\");\n" " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:33 msgid "With the `tokio::main` macro we can now make `main` async." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:35 msgid "The `spawn` function creates a new, concurrent \"task\"." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:37 msgid "Note: `spawn` takes a `Future`, you don't call `.await` on `count_to`." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:39 msgid "**Further exploration:**" msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:41 msgid "" "Why does `count_to` not (usually) get to 10? This is an example of async " "cancellation. `tokio::spawn` returns a handle which can be awaited to wait " "until it finishes." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:45 msgid "Try `count_to(10).await` instead of spawning." msgstr "" #: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:47 msgid "Try awaiting the task returned from `tokio::spawn`." msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md:3 msgid "Rust has a task system, which is a form of lightweight threading." msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md:5 msgid "" "A task has a single top-level future which the executor polls to make " "progress. That future may have one or more nested futures that its `poll` " "method polls, corresponding loosely to a call stack. Concurrency within a " "task is possible by polling multiple child futures, such as racing a timer " "and an I/O operation." msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md:10 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "use tokio::io::{self, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};\n" "use tokio::net::TcpListener;\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main]\n" "async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {\n" " let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:6142\").await?;\n" "\tprintln!(\"listening on port 6142\");\n" "\n" " loop {\n" " let (mut socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" "\n" " println!(\"connection from {addr:?}\");\n" "\n" " tokio::spawn(async move {\n" " if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(b\"Who are you?\\n\").await {\n" " println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" " return;\n" " }\n" "\n" " let mut buf = vec![0; 1024];\n" " let reply = match socket.read(&mut buf).await {\n" " Ok(n) => {\n" " let name = std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..n]).unwrap()." "trim();\n" " format!(\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\")\n" " }\n" " Err(e) => {\n" " println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" " return;\n" " }\n" " };\n" "\n" " if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(reply.as_bytes()).await {\n" " println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" " }\n" " });\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md:52 src/async/control-flow/join.md:36 msgid "" "Copy this example into your prepared `src/main.rs` and run it from there." msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md:54 msgid "" "Ask students to visualize what the state of the example server would be with " "a few connected clients. What tasks exist? What are their Futures?" msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md:57 msgid "" "This is the first time we've seen an `async` block. This is similar to a " "closure, but does not take any arguments. Its return value is a Future, " "similar to an `async fn`. " msgstr "" #: src/async/tasks.md:61 msgid "" "Refactor the async block into a function, and improve the error handling " "using `?`." msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md:3 msgid "" "Several crates have support for asynchronous channels. For instance `tokio`:" msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md:5 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n" "\n" "async fn ping_handler(mut input: Receiver<()>) {\n" " let mut count: usize = 0;\n" "\n" " while let Some(_) = input.recv().await {\n" " count += 1;\n" " println!(\"Received {count} pings so far.\");\n" " }\n" "\n" " println!(\"ping_handler complete\");\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main]\n" "async fn main() {\n" " let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" " let ping_handler_task = tokio::spawn(ping_handler(receiver));\n" " for i in 0..10 {\n" " sender.send(()).await.expect(\"Failed to send ping.\");\n" " println!(\"Sent {} pings so far.\", i + 1);\n" " }\n" "\n" " drop(sender);\n" " ping_handler_task.await.expect(\"Something went wrong in ping handler " "task.\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md:35 msgid "Change the channel size to `3` and see how it affects the execution." msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md:37 msgid "" "Overall, the interface is similar to the `sync` channels as seen in the " "[morning class](concurrency/channels.md)." msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md:40 msgid "Try removing the `std::mem::drop` call. What happens? Why?" msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md:42 msgid "" "The [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) crate has channels that " "implement both `sync` and `async` `send` and `recv`. This can be convenient " "for complex applications with both IO and heavy CPU processing tasks." msgstr "" #: src/async/channels.md:46 msgid "" "What makes working with `async` channels preferable is the ability to " "combine them with other `future`s to combine them and create complex control " "flow." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow.md:1 #, fuzzy msgid "Futures Control Flow" msgstr "Controle de fluxo" #: src/async/control-flow.md:3 msgid "" "Futures can be combined together to produce concurrent compute flow graphs. " "We have already seen tasks, that function as independent threads of " "execution." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow.md:6 msgid "[Join](control-flow/join.md)" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow.md:7 msgid "[Select](control-flow/select.md)" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/join.md:3 msgid "" "A join operation waits until all of a set of futures are ready, and returns " "a collection of their results. This is similar to `Promise.all` in " "JavaScript or `asyncio.gather` in Python." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/join.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use anyhow::Result;\n" "use futures::future;\n" "use reqwest;\n" "use std::collections::HashMap;\n" "\n" "async fn size_of_page(url: &str) -> Result {\n" " let resp = reqwest::get(url).await?;\n" " Ok(resp.text().await?.len())\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main]\n" "async fn main() {\n" " let urls: [&str; 4] = [\n" " \"https://google.com\",\n" " \"https://httpbin.org/ip\",\n" " \"https://play.rust-lang.org/\",\n" " \"BAD_URL\",\n" " ];\n" " let futures_iter = urls.into_iter().map(size_of_page);\n" " let results = future::join_all(futures_iter).await;\n" " let page_sizes_dict: HashMap<&str, Result> =\n" " urls.into_iter().zip(results.into_iter()).collect();\n" " println!(\"{:?}\", page_sizes_dict);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/join.md:38 msgid "" "For multiple futures of disjoint types, you can use `std::future::join!` but " "you must know how many futures you will have at compile time. This is " "currently in the `futures` crate, soon to be stabilised in `std::future`." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/join.md:42 msgid "" "The risk of `join` is that one of the futures may never resolve, this would " "cause your program to stall. " msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/join.md:45 msgid "" "You can also combine `join_all` with `join!` for instance to join all " "requests to an http service as well as a database query. Try adding a " "`tokio::time::sleep` to the future, using `futures::join!`. This is not a " "timeout (that requires `select!`, explained in the next chapter), but " "demonstrates `join!`." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md:3 msgid "" "A select operation waits until any of a set of futures is ready, and " "responds to that future's result. In JavaScript, this is similar to `Promise." "race`. In Python, it compares to `asyncio.wait(task_set, return_when=asyncio." "FIRST_COMPLETED)`." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md:8 msgid "" "Similar to a match statement, the body of `select!` has a number of arms, " "each of the form `pattern = future => statement`. When the `future` is " "ready, the `statement` is executed with the variables in `pattern` bound to " "the `future`'s result." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md:13 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n" "use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\n" "enum Animal {\n" " Cat { name: String },\n" " Dog { name: String },\n" "}\n" "\n" "async fn first_animal_to_finish_race(\n" " mut cat_rcv: Receiver,\n" " mut dog_rcv: Receiver,\n" ") -> Option {\n" " tokio::select! {\n" " cat_name = cat_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Cat { name: cat_name? }),\n" " dog_name = dog_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Dog { name: dog_name? })\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main]\n" "async fn main() {\n" " let (cat_sender, cat_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" " let (dog_sender, dog_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" " tokio::spawn(async move {\n" " sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;\n" " cat_sender\n" " .send(String::from(\"Felix\"))\n" " .await\n" " .expect(\"Failed to send cat.\");\n" " });\n" " tokio::spawn(async move {\n" " sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await;\n" " dog_sender\n" " .send(String::from(\"Rex\"))\n" " .await\n" " .expect(\"Failed to send dog.\");\n" " });\n" "\n" " let winner = first_animal_to_finish_race(cat_receiver, dog_receiver)\n" " .await\n" " .expect(\"Failed to receive winner\");\n" "\n" " println!(\"Winner is {winner:?}\");\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md:62 msgid "" "In this example, we have a race between a cat and a dog. " "`first_animal_to_finish_race` listens to both channels and will pick " "whichever arrives first. Since the dog takes 50ms, it wins against the cat " "that take 500ms seconds." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md:67 msgid "" "You can use `oneshot` channels in this example as the channels are supposed " "to receive only one `send`." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md:70 msgid "" "Try adding a deadline to the race, demonstrating selecting different sorts " "of futures." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md:73 msgid "" "Note that `select!` drops unmatched branches, which cancels their futures. " "It is easiest to use when every execution of `select!` creates new futures." msgstr "" #: src/async/control-flow/select.md:76 msgid "" "An alternative is to pass `&mut future` instead of the future itself, but " "this can lead to issues, further discussed in the pinning slide." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls.md:1 msgid "Pitfalls of async/await" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls.md:3 msgid "" "Async / await provides convenient and efficient abstraction for concurrent " "asynchronous programming. However, the async/await model in Rust also comes " "with its share of pitfalls and footguns. We illustrate some of them in this " "chapter:" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls.md:5 msgid "[Blocking the Executor](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls.md:6 msgid "[Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls.md:7 msgid "[Async Traits](pitfalls/async-traits.md)" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls.md:8 msgid "[Cancellation](pitfalls/cancellation.md)" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:1 msgid "Blocking the executor" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:3 msgid "" "Most async runtimes only allow IO tasks to run concurrently. This means that " "CPU blocking tasks will block the executor and prevent other tasks from " "being executed. An easy workaround is to use async equivalent methods where " "possible." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use futures::future::join_all;\n" "use std::time::Instant;\n" "\n" "async fn sleep_ms(start: &Instant, id: u64, duration_ms: u64) {\n" " std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(duration_ms));\n" " println!(\n" " \"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\",\n" " start.elapsed().as_millis()\n" " );\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main(flavor = \"current_thread\")]\n" "async fn main() {\n" " let start = Instant::now();\n" " let sleep_futures = (1..=10).map(|t| sleep_ms(&start, t, t * 10));\n" " join_all(sleep_futures).await;\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:29 msgid "" "Run the code and see that the sleeps happen consecutively rather than " "concurrently." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:32 msgid "" "The `\"current_thread\"` flavor puts all tasks on a single thread. This " "makes the effect more obvious, but the bug is still present in the multi-" "threaded flavor." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:36 msgid "" "Switch the `std::thread::sleep` to `tokio::time::sleep` and await its result." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:38 msgid "" "Another fix would be to `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` which spawns an actual " "thread and transforms its handle into a future without blocking the executor." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:41 msgid "" "You should not think of tasks as OS threads. They do not map 1 to 1 and most " "executors will allow many tasks to run on a single OS thread. This is " "particularly problematic when interacting with other libraries via FFI, " "where that library might depend on thread-local storage or map to specific " "OS threads (e.g., CUDA). Prefer `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` in such " "situations." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:47 msgid "" "Use sync mutexes with care. Holding a mutex over an `.await` may cause " "another task to block, and that task may be running on the same thread." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:3 msgid "" "When you await a future, all local variables (that would ordinarily be " "stored on a stack frame) are instead stored in the Future for the current " "async block. If your future has pointers to data on the stack, those " "pointers might get invalidated. This is unsafe." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:8 msgid "" "Therefore, you must guarantee that the addresses your future points to don't " "change. That is why we need to `pin` futures. Using the same future " "repeatedly in a `select!` often leads to issues with pinned values." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:12 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};\n" "use tokio::task::spawn;\n" "use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" "\n" "// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond\n" "// with a message on the `respond_on` channel.\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct Work {\n" " input: u32,\n" " respond_on: oneshot::Sender,\n" "}\n" "\n" "// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n" "async fn worker(mut work_queue: mpsc::Receiver) {\n" " let mut iterations = 0;\n" " loop {\n" " tokio::select! {\n" " Some(work) = work_queue.recv() => {\n" " sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await; // Pretend to work.\n" " work.respond_on\n" " .send(work.input * 1000)\n" " .expect(\"failed to send response\");\n" " iterations += 1;\n" " }\n" " // TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n" "async fn do_work(work_queue: &mpsc::Sender, input: u32) -> u32 {\n" " let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();\n" " work_queue\n" " .send(Work {\n" " input,\n" " respond_on: tx,\n" " })\n" " .await\n" " .expect(\"failed to send on work queue\");\n" " rx.await.expect(\"failed waiting for response\")\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main]\n" "async fn main() {\n" " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n" " spawn(worker(rx));\n" " for i in 0..100 {\n" " let resp = do_work(&tx, i).await;\n" " println!(\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:68 msgid "" "You may recognize this as an example of the actor pattern. Actors typically " "call `select!` in a loop." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:71 msgid "" "This serves as a summation of a few of the previous lessons, so take your " "time with it." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:74 msgid "" "Naively add a `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }` to " "the `select!`. This will never execute. Why?" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:77 msgid "" "Instead, add a `timeout_fut` containing that future outside of the `loop`:" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:79 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "let mut timeout_fut = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" "loop {\n" " select! {\n" " ..,\n" " _ = timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:88 msgid "" "This still doesn't work. Follow the compiler errors, adding `&mut` to the " "`timeout_fut` in the `select!` to work around the move, then using `Box::" "pin`:" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:92 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "let mut timeout_fut = Box::pin(sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)));\n" "loop {\n" " select! {\n" " ..,\n" " _ = &mut timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:102 msgid "" "This compiles, but once the timeout expires it is `Poll::Ready` on every " "iteration (a fused future would help with this). Update to reset " "`timeout_fut` every time it expires." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:106 msgid "" "Box allocates on the heap. In some cases, `std::pin::pin!` (only recently " "stabilized, with older code often using `tokio::pin!`) is also an option, " "but that is difficult to use for a future that is reassigned." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:110 msgid "" "Another alternative is to not use `pin` at all but spawn another task that " "will send to a `oneshot` channel every 100ms." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:3 msgid "" "Async methods in traits are not yet supported in the stable channel ([An " "experimental feature exists in nightly and should be stabilized in the mid " "term.](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-" "nightly.html))" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:5 msgid "" "The crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) " "provides a workaround through a macro:" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use async_trait::async_trait;\n" "use std::time::Instant;\n" "use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" "\n" "#[async_trait]\n" "trait Sleeper {\n" " async fn sleep(&self);\n" "}\n" "\n" "struct FixedSleeper {\n" " sleep_ms: u64,\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[async_trait]\n" "impl Sleeper for FixedSleeper {\n" " async fn sleep(&self) {\n" " sleep(Duration::from_millis(self.sleep_ms)).await;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "async fn run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers: Vec>, " "n_times: usize) {\n" " for _ in 0..n_times {\n" " println!(\"running all sleepers..\");\n" " for sleeper in &sleepers {\n" " let start = Instant::now();\n" " sleeper.sleep().await;\n" " println!(\"slept for {}ms\", start.elapsed().as_millis());\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main]\n" "async fn main() {\n" " let sleepers: Vec> = vec![\n" " Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 50 }),\n" " Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 100 }),\n" " ];\n" " run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers, 5).await;\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:51 msgid "" "`async_trait` is easy to use, but note that it's using heap allocations to " "achieve this. This heap allocation has performance overhead." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:54 msgid "" "The challenges in language support for `async trait` are deep Rust and " "probably not worth describing in-depth. Niko Matsakis did a good job of " "explaining them in [this post](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/" "blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-hard/) if you are interested in " "digging deeper." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:60 msgid "" "Try creating a new sleeper struct that will sleep for a random amount of " "time and adding it to the Vec." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:3 msgid "" "Dropping a future implies it can never be polled again. This is called " "_cancellation_ and it can occur at any `await` point. Care is needed to " "ensure the system works correctly even when futures are cancelled. For " "example, it shouldn't deadlock or lose data." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:8 msgid "" "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" "use std::io::{self, ErrorKind};\n" "use std::time::Duration;\n" "use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, DuplexStream};\n" "\n" "struct LinesReader {\n" " stream: DuplexStream,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl LinesReader {\n" " fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n" " Self { stream }\n" " }\n" "\n" " async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result> {\n" " let mut bytes = Vec::new();\n" " let mut buf = [0];\n" " while self.stream.read(&mut buf[..]).await? != 0 {\n" " bytes.push(buf[0]);\n" " if buf[0] == b'\\n' {\n" " break;\n" " }\n" " }\n" " if bytes.is_empty() {\n" " return Ok(None)\n" " }\n" " let s = String::from_utf8(bytes)\n" " .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, \"not " "UTF-8\"))?;\n" " Ok(Some(s))\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "async fn slow_copy(source: String, mut dest: DuplexStream) -> std::io::" "Result<()> {\n" " for b in source.bytes() {\n" " dest.write_u8(b).await?;\n" " tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await\n" " }\n" " Ok(())\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main]\n" "async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {\n" " let (client, server) = tokio::io::duplex(5);\n" " let handle = tokio::spawn(slow_copy(\"hi\\nthere\\n\".to_owned(), " "client));\n" "\n" " let mut lines = LinesReader::new(server);\n" " let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_millis(60));\n" " loop {\n" " tokio::select! {\n" " _ = interval.tick() => println!(\"tick!\"),\n" " line = lines.next() => if let Some(l) = line? {\n" " print!(\"{}\", l)\n" " } else {\n" " break\n" " },\n" " }\n" " }\n" " handle.await.unwrap()?;\n" " Ok(())\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:72 msgid "" "The compiler doesn't help with cancellation-safety. You need to read API " "documentation and consider what state your `async fn` holds." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:75 msgid "" "Unlike `panic` and `?`, cancellation is part of normal control flow (vs " "error-handling)." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:78 msgid "The example loses parts of the string." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:80 msgid "" "Whenever the `tick()` branch finishes first, `next()` and its `buf` are " "dropped." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:82 msgid "" "`LinesReader` can be made cancellation-safe by makeing `buf` part of the " "struct:" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:83 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "struct LinesReader {\n" " stream: DuplexStream,\n" " bytes: Vec,\n" " buf: [u8; 1],\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl LinesReader {\n" " fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n" " Self { stream, bytes: Vec::new(), buf: [0] }\n" " }\n" " async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result> {\n" " // prefix buf and bytes with self.\n" " // ...\n" " let raw = std::mem::take(&mut self.bytes);\n" " let s = String::from_utf8(raw)\n" " // ...\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:104 msgid "" "[`Interval::tick`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/time/struct.Interval." "html#method.tick) is cancellation-safe because it keeps track of whether a " "tick has been 'delivered'." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:107 msgid "" "[`AsyncReadExt::read`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait." "AsyncReadExt.html#method.read) is cancellation-safe because it either " "returns or doesn't read data." msgstr "" #: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:110 msgid "" "[`AsyncBufReadExt::read_line`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait." "AsyncBufReadExt.html#method.read_line) is similar to the example and _isn't_ " "cancellation-safe. See its documentation for details and alternatives." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:3 msgid "" "To practice your Async Rust skills, we have again two exercises for you:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:5 msgid "" "Dining philosophers: we already saw this problem in the morning. This time " "you are going to implement it with Async Rust." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:8 msgid "" "A Broadcast Chat Application: this is a larger project that allows you " "experiment with more advanced Async Rust features." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:1 #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:3 #, fuzzy msgid "Dining Philosophers - Async" msgstr "Filósofos jantando" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:3 msgid "" "See [dining philosophers](dining-philosophers.md) for a description of the " "problem." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:6 #, fuzzy msgid "" "As before, you will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-" "locally.md) for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/" "main.rs`, fill out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:" msgstr "" "Você precisará de uma \\[instalação do Cargo\\]\\[../../cargo/running-" "locally.md\\] local para esse exercício. Copie o código abaixo para o " "arquivo `src/main.rs`, preencha os espaços em branco, e teste se `cargo run` " "não trava:" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:13 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "use std::sync::Arc;\n" "use tokio::time;\n" "use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n" "use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n" "\n" "struct Fork;\n" "\n" "struct Philosopher {\n" " name: String,\n" " // left_fork: ...\n" " // right_fork: ...\n" " // thoughts: ...\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Philosopher {\n" " async fn think(&self) {\n" " self.thoughts\n" " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))." "await\n" " .unwrap();\n" " }\n" "\n" " async fn eat(&self) {\n" " // Pick up forks...\n" " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" " &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main]\n" "async fn main() {\n" " // Create forks\n" "\n" " // Create philosophers\n" "\n" " // Make them think and eat\n" "\n" " // Output their thoughts\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:57 msgid "" "Since this time you are using Async Rust, you'll need a `tokio` dependency. " "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:62 msgid "" "```toml\n" "[package]\n" "name = \"dining-philosophers-async-dine\"\n" "version = \"0.1.0\"\n" "edition = \"2021\"\n" "\n" "[dependencies]\n" "tokio = {version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", " "\"rt-multi-thread\"]}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:72 msgid "" "Also note that this time you have to use the `Mutex` and the `mpsc` module " "from the `tokio` crate." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:77 msgid "Can you make your implementation single-threaded? " msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:3 msgid "" "In this exercise, we want to use our new knowledge to implement a broadcast " "chat application. We have a chat server that the clients connect to and " "publish their messages. The client reads user messages from the standard " "input, and sends them to the server. The chat server broadcasts each message " "that it receives to all the clients." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:9 msgid "" "For this, we use [a broadcast channel](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/" "sync/broadcast/fn.channel.html) on the server, and [`tokio_websockets`]" "(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/tokio_websockets/) for the " "communication between the client and the server." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:13 msgid "Create a new Cargo project and add the following dependencies:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:15 msgid "`Cargo.toml`:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:19 msgid "" "```toml\n" "[package]\n" "name = \"chat-async\"\n" "version = \"0.1.0\"\n" "edition = \"2021\"\n" "\n" "[dependencies]\n" "futures-util = \"0.3.28\"\n" "http = \"0.2.9\"\n" "tokio = { version = \"1.28.1\", features = [\"full\"] }\n" "tokio-websockets = \"0.3.2\"\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:32 msgid "The required APIs" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:33 msgid "" "You are going to need the following functions from `tokio` and " "[`tokio_websockets`](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/" "tokio_websockets/). Spend a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the " "API. " msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:37 msgid "" "[WebsocketStream::next()](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/" "tokio_websockets/proto/struct.WebsocketStream.html#method.next): for " "asynchronously reading messages from a Websocket Stream." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:39 msgid "" "[SinkExt::send()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/sink/" "trait.SinkExt.html#method.send) implemented by `WebsocketStream`: for " "asynchronously sending messages on a Websocket Stream." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:41 msgid "" "[Lines::next_line()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/struct.Lines." "html#method.next_line): for asynchronously reading user messages from the " "standard input." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:43 msgid "" "[Sender::subscribe()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/broadcast/" "struct.Sender.html#method.subscribe): for subscribing to a broadcast channel." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:46 #, fuzzy msgid "Two binaries" msgstr "Binários Rust" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:48 msgid "" "Normally in a Cargo project, you can have only one binary, and one `src/main." "rs` file. In this project, we need two binaries. One for the client, and one " "for the server. You could potentially make them two separate Cargo projects, " "but we are going to put them in a single Cargo project with two binaries. " "For this to work, the client and the server code should go under `src/bin` " "(see the [documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/cargo-" "targets.html#binaries)). " msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:55 msgid "" "Copy the following server and client code into `src/bin/server.rs` and `src/" "bin/client.rs`, respectively. Your task is to complete these files as " "described below. " msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:59 #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:123 msgid "`src/bin/server.rs`:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:63 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n" "use std::error::Error;\n" "use std::net::SocketAddr;\n" "use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n" "use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n" "use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n" "\n" "async fn handle_connection(\n" " addr: SocketAddr,\n" " mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream,\n" " bcast_tx: Sender,\n" ") -> Result<(), Box> {\n" "\n" " // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n" "\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main]\n" "async fn main() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" " let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n" "\n" " let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n" " println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n" "\n" " loop {\n" " let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" " println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n" " let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n" " tokio::spawn(async move {\n" " // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n" " let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n" "\n" " handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n" " });\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:102 #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:208 msgid "`src/bin/client.rs`:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:106 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "use futures_util::SinkExt;\n" "use http::Uri;\n" "use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n" "use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main]\n" "async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n" " let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::" "from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n" " .connect()\n" " .await?;\n" "\n" " let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n" " let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n" "\n" "\n" " // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n" "\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:127 #, fuzzy msgid "Running the binaries" msgstr "Executando o curso" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:128 msgid "Run the server with:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:130 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "cargo run --bin server\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "$ cargo run\n" "```" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:134 msgid "and the client with:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:136 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "cargo run --bin client\n" "```" msgstr "" "```shell\n" "$ cargo run\n" "```" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:142 msgid "Implement the `handle_connection` function in `src/bin/server.rs`." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:143 msgid "" "Hint: Use `tokio::select!` for concurrently performing two tasks in a " "continuous loop. One task receives messages from the client and broadcasts " "them. The other sends messages received by the server to the client." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:146 msgid "Complete the main function in `src/bin/client.rs`." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:147 msgid "" "Hint: As before, use `tokio::select!` in a continuous loop for concurrently " "performing two tasks: (1) reading user messages from standard input and " "sending them to the server, and (2) receiving messages from the server, and " "displaying them for the user." msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:151 msgid "" "Optional: Once you are done, change the code to broadcast messages to all " "clients, but the sender of the message." msgstr "" #: src/thanks.md:3 msgid "" "_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and " "that it was useful." msgstr "" "_Obrigado por fazer o Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ Esperamos que tenha gostado e " "que tenha sido útil." #: src/thanks.md:6 msgid "" "We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not " "perfect, so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, " "please get in [contact with us on GitHub](https://github.com/google/" "comprehensive-rust/discussions). We would love to hear from you." msgstr "" "Nós nos divertimos muito montando o curso. O curso não é perfeito, portanto, " "se você identificou algum erro ou tem ideias para melhorias, entre em [entre " "em contato conosco em GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/" "discussions). Nós adoraríamos ouvir você." #: src/other-resources.md:1 msgid "Other Rust Resources" msgstr "Outros recursos de Rust" #: src/other-resources.md:3 msgid "" "The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources " "online." msgstr "" "A comunidade Rust tem abundância de recursos gratuitos e de alta qualidade " "on-line." #: src/other-resources.md:6 msgid "Official Documentation" msgstr "Documentação Oficial" #: src/other-resources.md:8 msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:" msgstr "O projeto Rust hospeda muitos recursos. Estes cobrem Rust em geral:" #: src/other-resources.md:10 msgid "" "[The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the " "canonical free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes a " "few projects for people to build." msgstr "" "[A Linguagem de Programação Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): o livro " "gratuito canônico sobre Rust. Abrange o idioma em detalhes e inclui alguns " "projetos para as pessoas construírem." #: src/other-resources.md:13 msgid "" "[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the " "Rust syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. " "Sometimes includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code " "in the examples." msgstr "" "[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): abrange a " "sintaxe de Rust por meio de uma série de exemplos que mostram diferentes " "construções. As vezes inclui pequenos exercícios onde você é solicitado a " "expandir o código dos exemplos." #: src/other-resources.md:17 msgid "" "[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full documentation " "of the standard library for Rust." msgstr "" "[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): documentação " "completa da biblioteca padrão para Rust." #: src/other-resources.md:19 msgid "" "[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete " "book which describes the Rust grammar and memory model." msgstr "" "[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): um livro " "incompleto que descreve a gramática Rust e o modelo de memória." #: src/other-resources.md:22 msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:" msgstr "Mais guias especializados hospedados no site oficial do Rust:" #: src/other-resources.md:24 msgid "" "[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe Rust, " "including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages " "(FFI)." msgstr "" "[O Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): cobre Rust inseguro, " "incluindo trabalhar com ponteiros brutos e fazer interface com outras " "linguagens (FFI)." #: src/other-resources.md:27 msgid "" "[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): " "covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after the " "Rust Book was written." msgstr "" "[Programação assíncrona em Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): " "abrange o novo modelo de programação assíncrona que foi introduzido após o " "Rust Book ser escrito." #: src/other-resources.md:30 msgid "" "[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): " "an introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating " "system." msgstr "" "[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): " "uma introdução ao uso do Rust em dispositivos embarcados sem um sistema " "operacional." #: src/other-resources.md:33 msgid "Unofficial Learning Material" msgstr "Material de aprendizagem não oficial" #: src/other-resources.md:35 msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:" msgstr "Uma pequena seleção de outros guias e tutoriais para Rust:" #: src/other-resources.md:37 #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust " "from the perspective of low-level C programmers." msgstr "" "[Aprenda Rust da maneira perigosa](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): cobre " "Rust da perspectiva de programadores C de baixo nível." #: src/other-resources.md:39 #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Rust for Embedded C Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/" "rust_for_c/): covers Rust from the perspective of developers who write " "firmware in C." msgstr "" "[Rust para Programadores Embedded C](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/" "rust_for_c/): cobre Rust da perspectiva dos desenvolvedores que escrevem " "firmware em C." #: src/other-resources.md:42 #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): " "covers the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other " "languages such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python." msgstr "" "[Rust para profissionais](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): " "cobre a sintaxe do Rust usando comparações lado a lado com outras linguagens " "como C, C++, Java, JavaScript e Python." #: src/other-resources.md:45 #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to help " "you learn Rust." msgstr "" "[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): mais de 100 exercícios " "para ajudar você aprende Rust." #: src/other-resources.md:47 #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Ferrous Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-" "material/index.html): a series of small presentations covering both basic " "and advanced part of the Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, " "and async/await are also covered." msgstr "" "[Ensino Ferroso Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-" "material/index.html): uma série de pequenas apresentações abrangendo tanto a " "parte básica quanto a avançada da Linguagem Rust. Outros tópicos como " "WebAssembly e async/await também são abordados." #: src/other-resources.md:52 #, fuzzy msgid "" "[Beginner's Series to Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-" "series-to-rust/) and [Take your first steps with Rust](https://docs." "microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): two Rust guides aimed at " "new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and the second is a set of " "11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs." msgstr "" "[Série Iniciante a Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-" "series-to-rust/) e [Dê seus primeiros passos com Rust](https://docs." "microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): dois guias Rust voltados " "para novos desenvolvedores. O primeiro é um conjunto de 35 vídeos e o o " "segundo é um conjunto de 11 módulos que cobrem a sintaxe Rust e as " "construções básicas." #: src/other-resources.md:58 msgid "" "[Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial." "github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth exploration of Rust's memory management " "rules, through implementing a few different types of list structures." msgstr "" #: src/other-resources.md:63 msgid "" "Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) " "for even more Rust books." msgstr "" "Consulte o [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) para " "ainda mais livros Rust." #: src/credits.md:3 msgid "" "The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust " "documentation. See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a " "full list of useful resources." msgstr "" "O material aqui se baseia em muitas fontes excelentes de documentação do " "Rust. Consulte a página em [outros recursos](other-resources.md) para obter " "uma lista completa de recursos úteis ." #: src/credits.md:7 #, fuzzy msgid "" "The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache " "2.0 license, please see [`LICENSE`](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-" "rust/blob/main/LICENSE) for details." msgstr "" "O material do Comprehensive Rust é licenciado sob os termos da licença " "Apache 2.0 , consulte [`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) para obter detalhes." #: src/credits.md:12 msgid "Rust by Example" msgstr "Rust by Example" #: src/credits.md:14 msgid "" "Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by " "Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the " "`third_party/rust-by-example/` directory for details, including the license " "terms." msgstr "" "Alguns exemplos e exercícios foram copiados e adaptados de [Rust by Exemplo]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). por favor veja o diretório " "`third_party/rust-by-example/` para detalhes, incluindo os termos de licença." #: src/credits.md:19 msgid "Rust on Exercism" msgstr "Rust on Exercism" #: src/credits.md:21 msgid "" "Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on Exercism](https://" "exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the `third_party/rust-on-exercism/` " "directory for details, including the license terms." msgstr "" "Alguns exercícios foram copiados e adaptados de [Rust on Exercism](https://" "exercism.org/tracks/rust). por favor veja o diretório `third_party/rust-on-" "exercism/` para obter detalhes, incluindo os termos licença." #: src/credits.md:26 msgid "CXX" msgstr "CXX" #: src/credits.md:28 msgid "" "The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section " "uses an image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` " "directory for details, including the license terms." msgstr "" "A seção [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) usa uma " "imagem de [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Consulte o diretório `third_party/cxx/` " "para obter detalhes, incluindo os termos da licença." #: src/exercises/solutions.md:3 msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages." msgstr "Você encontrará soluções para os exercícios nas páginas seguintes." #: src/exercises/solutions.md:5 msgid "" "Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on GitHub](https://github." "com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us know if you have a " "different or better solution than what is presented here." msgstr "" "Sinta-se à vontade para fazer perguntas sobre as soluções [no GitHub]" "(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Nos informe se " "você tiver uma solução diferente ou melhor do que a apresentada aqui." #: src/exercises/solutions.md:10 msgid "" "**Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label` " "comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to re-" "use parts of the solutions as the exercises." msgstr "" "**Nota:** Ignore os comentários `// ANCHOR: label` e `// ANCHOR_END: label` " "que você vê nas soluções. Eles estão lá para tornar possível reutilizar " "partes das soluções como exercícios." #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:1 msgid "Day 1 Morning Exercises" msgstr "Dia 1 Exercícios matinais" #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:5 msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](for-loops.md))" #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:7 msgid "" "```rust\n" "// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: transpose\n" "fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n" " let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n" " for i in 0..3 {\n" " for j in 0..3 {\n" " result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n" " }\n" " }\n" " return result;\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n" "fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n" " for row in matrix {\n" " println!(\"{row:?}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: tests\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_transpose() {\n" " let matrix = [\n" " [101, 102, 103], //\n" " [201, 202, 203],\n" " [301, 302, 303],\n" " ];\n" " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" " assert_eq!(\n" " transposed,\n" " [\n" " [101, 201, 301], //\n" " [102, 202, 302],\n" " [103, 203, 303],\n" " ]\n" " );\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: tests\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: main\n" "fn main() {\n" " let matrix = [\n" " [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" " [201, 202, 203],\n" " [301, 302, 303],\n" " ];\n" "\n" " println!(\"matrix:\");\n" " pretty_print(&matrix);\n" "\n" " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" " println!(\"transposed:\");\n" " pretty_print(&transposed);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:78 #, fuzzy msgid "Bonus question" msgstr "Pergunta Bônus" #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:80 msgid "" "It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a slice-" "of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus make our " "function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks down: the " "return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the data you return." msgstr "" "Isso necessita a utilização de conceitos mais avançados. Pode parecer que " "poderíamos usar uma slice de slices (`&[&[i32]]`) como o tipo de entrada " "para `transposta` e, assim, fazer nossa função lidar com qualquer tamanho de " "matriz. No entanto, isso falha rapidamente: o tipo de retorno não pode ser " "`&[&[i32]]`, pois ele precisa possuir os dados que você retorna." #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:82 msgid "" "You can attempt to use something like `Vec>`, but this doesn't work " "out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec>` to " "`&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either." msgstr "" "Você pode tentar usar algo como `Vec>`, mas isso também não " "funciona muito bem: é difícil converter de `Vec>` para `&[&[i32]] ` " "então agora você também não pode usar `impressao_formatada` facilmente." #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:84 msgid "" "Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::convert::" "AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html) trait to " "abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice." msgstr "" "Assim que chegarmos aos _traits_ and _generics_, podemos usar o _trait_ " "[`std::convert::AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef." "html) para abstrair qualquer coisa que pode ser referenciada como um _slice_." #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:86 #, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust\n" "use std::convert::AsRef;\n" "use std::fmt::Debug;\n" "\n" "fn pretty_print(matrix: Matrix)\n" "where\n" " T: Debug,\n" " // A line references a slice of items\n" " Line: AsRef<[T]>,\n" " // A matrix references a slice of lines\n" " Matrix: AsRef<[Line]>\n" "{\n" " for row in matrix.as_ref() {\n" " println!(\"{:?}\", row.as_ref());\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " // &[&[i32]]\n" " pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n" " // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n" " pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n" " // Vec>\n" " pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" "fn impressao_formatada\\(matriz: Matriz) where T: " "Debug, // Linha referencia uma slice de itens Linha: AsRef\\<\\[T\\]\\>, // " "Matriz referencia uma slice de linhas Matriz: AsRef\\<\\[Linha\\]\\> { for " "linha in matriz.as_ref() { println!(\"{:?}\", linha.as_ref()); } }" #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:113 msgid "" "In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are of " "the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix." msgstr "" "Além disso, o próprio tipo não imporia que as slices filhas tenham o mesmo " "comprimento, portanto, tal variável poderia conter uma matriz inválida." #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:1 msgid "Day 1 Afternoon Exercises" msgstr "Dia 1 Exercícios da Tarde" #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:3 msgid "Designing a Library" msgstr "Projetando uma biblioteca" #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:5 msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](book-library.md))" #: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:7 msgid "" "```rust\n" "// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: setup\n" "struct Library {\n" " books: Vec,\n" "}\n" "\n" "struct Book {\n" " title: String,\n" " year: u16,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Book {\n" " // This is a constructor, used below.\n" " fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n" " Book {\n" " title: String::from(title),\n" " year,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n" "// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n" "//\n" "// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n" "// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n" "// - `self` for unique access by value.\n" "impl Library {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: setup\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: Library_new\n" " fn new() -> Library {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n" " Library { books: Vec::new() }\n" " }\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: Library_len\n" " //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" " // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n" " //}\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n" " fn len(&self) -> usize {\n" " self.books.len()\n" " }\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n" " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" " // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n" " //}\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n" " fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n" " self.books.is_empty()\n" " }\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n" " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" " // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n" " //}\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n" " fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n" " self.books.push(book)\n" " }\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n" " //fn print_books(self) {\n" " // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and " "year\")\n" " //}\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n" " fn print_books(&self) {\n" " for book in &self.books {\n" " println!(\"{}, published in {}\", book.title, book.year);\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n" " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" " // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n" " //}\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n" " fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" " // Using a closure and a built-in method:\n" " // self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n" "\n" " // Longer hand-written solution:\n" " let mut oldest: Option<&Book> = None;\n" " for book in self.books.iter() {\n" " if oldest.is_none() || book.year < oldest.unwrap().year {\n" " oldest = Some(book);\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " oldest\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: main\n" "// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n" "// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n" "// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n" "// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n" "fn main() {\n" " let library = Library::new();\n" "\n" " //println!(\"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", library." "is_empty());\n" " //\n" " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " "1865));\n" " //\n" " //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", " "library.is_empty());\n" " //\n" " //\n" " //library.print_books();\n" " //\n" " //match library.oldest_book() {\n" " // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n" " // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n" " //}\n" " //\n" " //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n" " //library.print_books();\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: main\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_library_len() {\n" " let mut library = Library::new();\n" " assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n" " assert!(library.is_empty());\n" "\n" " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " "1865));\n" " assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n" " assert!(!library.is_empty());\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_library_is_empty() {\n" " let mut library = Library::new();\n" " assert!(library.is_empty());\n" "\n" " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" " assert!(!library.is_empty());\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_library_print_books() {\n" " let mut library = Library::new();\n" " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " "1865));\n" " // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n" " // method to start with.\n" " library.print_books();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n" " let mut library = Library::new();\n" " assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());\n" "\n" " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" " assert_eq!(\n" " library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n" " Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n" " );\n" "\n" " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " "1865));\n" " assert_eq!(\n" " library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n" " Some(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\")\n" " );\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:1 msgid "Day 2 Morning Exercises" msgstr "Dia 2 Exercícios matinais" #: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:5 msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](points-polygons.md))" #: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:7 msgid "" "```rust\n" "// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n" "// ANCHOR: Point\n" "pub struct Point {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Point\n" " x: i32,\n" " y: i32,\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n" "impl Point {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n" " pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n" " Point { x, y }\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n" " f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n" " (self - other).magnitude()\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n" " type Output = Self;\n" "\n" " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" " Self {\n" " x: self.x + other.x,\n" " y: self.y + other.y,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n" " type Output = Self;\n" "\n" " fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" " Self {\n" " x: self.x - other.x,\n" " y: self.y - other.y,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Polygon\n" "pub struct Polygon {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n" " points: Vec,\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n" "impl Polygon {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n" " pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n" " Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n" " self.points.push(point);\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option {\n" " self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator {\n" " self.points.iter()\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n" " if self.points.is_empty() {\n" " return 0.0;\n" " }\n" "\n" " let mut result = 0.0;\n" " let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n" " for point in &self.points[1..] {\n" " result += last_point.dist(*point);\n" " last_point = *point;\n" " }\n" " result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n" " result\n" " // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate over the points as " "pairs\n" " // but we need to pair each point with the next one, and the last " "point\n" " // with the first point. The zip() iterator is finished as soon as " "one of \n" " // the source iterators is finished, a neat trick is to combine " "Iterator::cycle\n" " // with Iterator::skip to create the second iterator for the zip and " "using map \n" " // and sum to calculate the total length.\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Circle\n" "pub struct Circle {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n" " center: Point,\n" " radius: i32,\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n" "impl Circle {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n" " pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n" " Circle { center, radius }\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n" " 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n" " }\n" "\n" " pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n" " self.center.dist(other.center)\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Shape\n" "pub enum Shape {\n" " Polygon(Polygon),\n" " Circle(Circle),\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: Shape\n" "\n" "impl From for Shape {\n" " fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n" " Shape::Polygon(poly)\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl From for Shape {\n" " fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n" " Shape::Circle(circle)\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Shape {\n" " pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n" " match self {\n" " Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n" " Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" "#[cfg(test)]\n" "mod tests {\n" " use super::*;\n" "\n" " fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_point_magnitude() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_point_dist() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n" " let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n" " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_point_add() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" " let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n" " assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" "\n" " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" " poly.add_point(p1);\n" " poly.add_point(p2);\n" " assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_polygon_iter() {\n" " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" "\n" " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" " poly.add_point(p1);\n" " poly.add_point(p2);\n" "\n" " let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" " assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n" " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" " poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n" " poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n" " poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n" " let shapes = vec![\n" " Shape::from(poly),\n" " Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" " ];\n" " let perimeters = shapes\n" " .iter()\n" " .map(Shape::perimeter)\n" " .map(round_two_digits)\n" " .collect::>();\n" " assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" " }\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" "\n" "fn main() {}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:1 msgid "Day 2 Afternoon Exercises" msgstr "Dia 2 Exercícios da Tarde" #: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:5 msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" #: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:7 msgid "" "```rust\n" "// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: luhn\n" "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n" " let mut digits_seen = 0;\n" " let mut sum = 0;\n" " for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ')." "enumerate() {\n" " match ch.to_digit(10) {\n" " Some(d) => {\n" " sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n" " let dd = d * 2;\n" " dd / 10 + dd % 10\n" " } else {\n" " d\n" " };\n" " digits_seen += 1;\n" " }\n" " None => return false,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " if digits_seen < 2 {\n" " return false;\n" " }\n" "\n" " sum % 10 == 0\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n" " println!(\n" " \"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n" " if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n" " );\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" " assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" " assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:99 msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](strings-iterators.md))" #: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:101 msgid "" "```rust\n" "// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n" "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n" "\n" " let mut request_segments = request_path.split('/');\n" "\n" " for prefix_segment in prefix.split('/') {\n" " let Some(request_segment) = request_segments.next() else {\n" " return false;\n" " };\n" " if request_segment != prefix_segment && prefix_segment != \"*\" {\n" " return false;\n" " }\n" " }\n" " true\n" "\n" " // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate simultaneously over " "prefix\n" " // and request segments. The zip() iterator is finished as soon as one " "of\n" " // the source iterators is finished, but we need to iterate over all " "request\n" " // segments. A neat trick that makes zip() work is to use map() and " "chain()\n" " // to produce an iterator that returns Some(str) for each pattern " "segments,\n" " // and then returns None indefinitely.\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/" "abc-123\"));\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/" "books\"));\n" "\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/" "publishers\"));\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[test]\n" "fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" " ));\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" " \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" " ));\n" " assert!(prefix_matches(\n" " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" " ));\n" "\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/" "publishers\"));\n" " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" " ));\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" "\n" "fn main() {}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:1 msgid "Day 3 Morning Exercise" msgstr "Dia 3 Exercício matinal" #: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:5 msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](simple-gui.md))" #: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:7 msgid "" "```rust\n" "// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: setup\n" "pub trait Widget {\n" " /// Natural width of `self`.\n" " fn width(&self) -> usize;\n" "\n" " /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n" " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n" "\n" " /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n" " fn draw(&self) {\n" " let mut buffer = String::new();\n" " self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n" " println!(\"{buffer}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub struct Label {\n" " label: String,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Label {\n" " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n" " Label {\n" " label: label.to_owned(),\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub struct Button {\n" " label: Label,\n" " callback: Box,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Button {\n" " fn new(label: &str, callback: Box) -> Button {\n" " Button {\n" " label: Label::new(label),\n" " callback,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "pub struct Window {\n" " title: String,\n" " widgets: Vec>,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Window {\n" " fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n" " Window {\n" " title: title.to_owned(),\n" " widgets: Vec::new(),\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box) {\n" " self.widgets.push(widget);\n" " }\n" "\n" " fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n" " std::cmp::max(\n" " self.title.chars().count(),\n" " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n" " )\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR_END: setup\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Window-width\n" "impl Widget for Window {\n" " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n" " // Add 4 paddings for borders\n" " self.inner_width() + 4\n" " }\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n" " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n" " let mut inner = String::new();\n" " for widget in &self.widgets {\n" " widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n" " }\n" "\n" " let inner_width = self.inner_width();\n" "\n" " // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n" " // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n" " // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n" " writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:- usize {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n" " self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n" " }\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n" " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n" " let width = self.width();\n" " let mut label = String::new();\n" " self.label.draw_into(&mut label);\n" "\n" " writeln!(buffer, \"+{:- usize {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n" " self.label\n" " .lines()\n" " .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n" " .max()\n" " .unwrap_or(0)\n" " }\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n" " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n" " writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: main\n" "fn main() {\n" " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo." "\")));\n" " window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" " \"Click me!\",\n" " Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n" " )));\n" " window.draw();\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: main\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:1 msgid "Day 3 Afternoon Exercises" msgstr "Dia 3 Exercícios da Tarde" #: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:5 msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))" #: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:7 msgid "" "```rust\n" "// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: ffi\n" "mod ffi {\n" " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n" " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" " use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n" "\n" " // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" " #[repr(C)]\n" " pub struct DIR {\n" " _data: [u8; 0],\n" " _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::" "PhantomPinned)>,\n" " }\n" "\n" " // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t " "and\n" " // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n" " // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n" " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" " #[repr(C)]\n" " pub struct dirent {\n" " pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n" " pub d_off: c_long,\n" " pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" " pub d_type: c_uchar,\n" " pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" " }\n" "\n" " // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n" " #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" " #[repr(C)]\n" " pub struct dirent {\n" " pub d_fileno: u64,\n" " pub d_seekoff: u64,\n" " pub d_reclen: u16,\n" " pub d_namlen: u16,\n" " pub d_type: u8,\n" " pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n" " }\n" "\n" " extern \"C\" {\n" " pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" "\n" " #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n" " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" "\n" " // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section " "on\n" " // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n" " //\n" " // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" " "refers\n" " // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and " "PowerPC.\n" " #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n" " #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n" " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" "\n" " pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" "use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n" "\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct DirectoryIterator {\n" " path: CString,\n" " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: ffi\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n" "impl DirectoryIterator {\n" " fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" " // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" " // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" " // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n" " let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid path: " "{err}\"))?;\n" " // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n" " let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n" " if dir.is_null() {\n" " Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n" " } else {\n" " Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Iterator\n" "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" " type Item = OsString;\n" " fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" " // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n" " // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n" " let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n" " if dirent.is_null() {\n" " // We have reached the end of the directory.\n" " return None;\n" " }\n" " // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n" " // terminated.\n" " let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n" " let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n" " Some(os_str.to_owned())\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Drop\n" "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" " fn drop(&mut self) {\n" " // Call closedir as needed.\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n" " if !self.dir.is_null() {\n" " // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n" " if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n" " panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n" " }\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: main\n" "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" " println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" " Ok(())\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: main\n" "\n" "#[cfg(test)]\n" "mod tests {\n" " use super::*;\n" " use std::error::Error;\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_nonexisting_directory() {\n" " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\"no-such-directory\");\n" " assert!(iter.is_err());\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_empty_directory() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" " let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n" " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n" " tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n" " )?;\n" " let mut entries = iter.collect::>();\n" " entries.sort();\n" " assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\"]);\n" " Ok(())\n" " }\n" "\n" " #[test]\n" " fn test_nonempty_directory() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" " let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n" " std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"foo.txt\"), \"The Foo " "Diaries\\n\")?;\n" " std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"bar.png\"), \"\\n\")?;\n" " std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"crab.rs\"), \"//! Crab\\n\")?;\n" " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n" " tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n" " )?;\n" " let mut entries = iter.collect::>();\n" " entries.sort();\n" " assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\", \"bar.png\", \"crab.rs\", \"foo." "txt\"]);\n" " Ok(())\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:1 #, fuzzy msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise" msgstr "Dia 3 Exercício matinal" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:5 #, fuzzy msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](for-loops.md))" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: top\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" "\n" "use core::fmt::Write;\n" "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" "// ANCHOR_END: top\n" "use core::cmp::{max, min};\n" "use lsm303agr::{AccelOutputDataRate, Lsm303agr, MagOutputDataRate};\n" "use microbit::display::blocking::Display;\n" "use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n" "use microbit::hal::twim::Twim;\n" "use microbit::hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte};\n" "use microbit::hal::Timer;\n" "use microbit::pac::twim0::frequency::FREQUENCY_A;\n" "use microbit::Board;\n" "\n" "const COMPASS_SCALE: i32 = 30000;\n" "const ACCELEROMETER_SCALE: i32 = 700;\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: main\n" "#[entry]\n" "fn main() -> ! {\n" " let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" "\n" " // Configure serial port.\n" " let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n" " board.UARTE0,\n" " board.uart.into(),\n" " Parity::EXCLUDED,\n" " Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n" " );\n" "\n" " // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n" " // ANCHOR_END: main\n" " writeln!(serial, \"Setting up IMU...\").unwrap();\n" " let i2c = Twim::new(board.TWIM0, board.i2c_internal.into(), FREQUENCY_A::" "K100);\n" " let mut imu = Lsm303agr::new_with_i2c(i2c);\n" " imu.init().unwrap();\n" " imu.set_mag_odr(MagOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n" " imu.set_accel_odr(AccelOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n" " let mut imu = imu.into_mag_continuous().ok().unwrap();\n" "\n" " // Set up display and timer.\n" " let mut timer = Timer::new(board.TIMER0);\n" " let mut display = Display::new(board.display_pins);\n" "\n" " let mut mode = Mode::Compass;\n" " let mut button_pressed = false;\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: loop\n" " writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n" "\n" " loop {\n" " // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n" " // ANCHOR_END: loop\n" " while !(imu.mag_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data\n" " && imu.accel_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data)\n" " {}\n" " let compass_reading = imu.mag_data().unwrap();\n" " let accelerometer_reading = imu.accel_data().unwrap();\n" " writeln!(\n" " serial,\n" " \"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\",\n" " compass_reading.x,\n" " compass_reading.y,\n" " compass_reading.z,\n" " accelerometer_reading.x,\n" " accelerometer_reading.y,\n" " accelerometer_reading.z,\n" " )\n" " .unwrap();\n" "\n" " let mut image = [[0; 5]; 5];\n" " let (x, y) = match mode {\n" " Mode::Compass => (\n" " scale(-compass_reading.x, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, " "4) as usize,\n" " scale(compass_reading.y, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, " "4) as usize,\n" " ),\n" " Mode::Accelerometer => (\n" " scale(\n" " accelerometer_reading.x,\n" " -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" " ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" " 0,\n" " 4,\n" " ) as usize,\n" " scale(\n" " -accelerometer_reading.y,\n" " -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" " ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" " 0,\n" " 4,\n" " ) as usize,\n" " ),\n" " };\n" " image[y][x] = 255;\n" " display.show(&mut timer, image, 100);\n" "\n" " // If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink " "all LEDs on.\n" " if board.buttons.button_a.is_low().unwrap() {\n" " if !button_pressed {\n" " mode = mode.next();\n" " display.show(&mut timer, [[255; 5]; 5], 200);\n" " }\n" " button_pressed = true;\n" " } else {\n" " button_pressed = false;\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" "enum Mode {\n" " Compass,\n" " Accelerometer,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Mode {\n" " fn next(self) -> Self {\n" " match self {\n" " Self::Compass => Self::Accelerometer,\n" " Self::Accelerometer => Self::Compass,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn scale(value: i32, min_in: i32, max_in: i32, min_out: i32, max_out: i32) -" "> i32 {\n" " let range_in = max_in - min_in;\n" " let range_out = max_out - min_out;\n" " cap(\n" " min_out + range_out * (value - min_in) / range_in,\n" " min_out,\n" " max_out,\n" " )\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn cap(value: i32, min_value: i32, max_value: i32) -> i32 {\n" " max(min_value, min(value, max_value))\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:5 #, fuzzy msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:7 msgid "`main.rs`:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:9 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: top\n" "#![no_main]\n" "#![no_std]\n" "\n" "mod exceptions;\n" "mod logger;\n" "mod pl011;\n" "// ANCHOR_END: top\n" "mod pl031;\n" "\n" "use crate::pl031::Rtc;\n" "use arm_gic::gicv3::{IntId, Trigger};\n" "use arm_gic::{irq_enable, wfi};\n" "use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};\n" "use core::hint::spin_loop;\n" "// ANCHOR: imports\n" "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" "use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" "use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n" "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" "use smccc::Hvc;\n" "\n" "/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n" "const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n" "const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n" "\n" "/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" "const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" "// ANCHOR_END: imports\n" "\n" "/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n" "const PL031_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x901_0000 as _;\n" "/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n" "const PL031_IRQ: IntId = IntId::spi(2);\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: main\n" "#[no_mangle]\n" "extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" " // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " "device,\n" " // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" " let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" " logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" "\n" " info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n" "\n" " // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the " "base\n" " // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n" " // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n" " let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, " "GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" " gic.setup();\n" " // ANCHOR_END: main\n" "\n" " // Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 " "device,\n" " // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" " let mut rtc = unsafe { Rtc::new(PL031_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" " let timestamp = rtc.read();\n" " let time = Utc.timestamp_opt(timestamp.into(), 0).unwrap();\n" " info!(\"RTC: {time}\");\n" "\n" " GicV3::set_priority_mask(0xff);\n" " gic.set_interrupt_priority(PL031_IRQ, 0x80);\n" " gic.set_trigger(PL031_IRQ, Trigger::Level);\n" " irq_enable();\n" " gic.enable_interrupt(PL031_IRQ, true);\n" "\n" " // Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n" " let target = timestamp + 3;\n" " rtc.set_match(target);\n" " info!(\n" " \"Waiting for {}\",\n" " Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n" " );\n" " trace!(\n" " \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" " rtc.matched(),\n" " rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" " );\n" " while !rtc.matched() {\n" " spin_loop();\n" " }\n" " trace!(\n" " \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" " rtc.matched(),\n" " rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" " );\n" " info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n" "\n" " // Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n" " let target = timestamp + 6;\n" " info!(\n" " \"Waiting for {}\",\n" " Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n" " );\n" " rtc.set_match(target);\n" " rtc.clear_interrupt();\n" " rtc.enable_interrupt(true);\n" " trace!(\n" " \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" " rtc.matched(),\n" " rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" " );\n" " while !rtc.interrupt_pending() {\n" " wfi();\n" " }\n" " trace!(\n" " \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" " rtc.matched(),\n" " rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" " );\n" " info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: main_end\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[panic_handler]\n" "fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" " error!(\"{info}\");\n" " system_off::().unwrap();\n" " loop {}\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: main_end\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:149 msgid "`pl031.rs`:" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:151 msgid "" "```rust\n" "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n" "\n" "#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" "struct Registers {\n" " /// Data register\n" " dr: u32,\n" " /// Match register\n" " mr: u32,\n" " /// Load register\n" " lr: u32,\n" " /// Control register\n" " cr: u8,\n" " _reserved0: [u8; 3],\n" " /// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n" " imsc: u8,\n" " _reserved1: [u8; 3],\n" " /// Raw Interrupt Status\n" " ris: u8,\n" " _reserved2: [u8; 3],\n" " /// Masked Interrupt Status\n" " mis: u8,\n" " _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" " /// Interrupt Clear Register\n" " icr: u8,\n" " _reserved4: [u8; 3],\n" "}\n" "\n" "/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "pub struct Rtc {\n" " registers: *mut Registers,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl Rtc {\n" " /// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at " "the\n" " /// given base address.\n" " ///\n" " /// # Safety\n" " ///\n" " /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of " "a\n" " /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " "process\n" " /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" " pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" " Self {\n" " registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " /// Reads the current RTC value.\n" " pub fn read(&self) -> u32 {\n" " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" " unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() }\n" " }\n" "\n" " /// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an " "interrupt\n" " /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n" " pub fn set_match(&mut self, value: u32) {\n" " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" " unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).mr).write_volatile(value) }\n" " }\n" "\n" " /// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or " "not\n" " /// the interrupt is enabled.\n" " pub fn matched(&self) -> bool {\n" " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" " let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).ris)." "read_volatile() };\n" " (ris & 0x01) != 0\n" " }\n" "\n" " /// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n" " ///\n" " /// This should be true if and only if `matched` returns true and the\n" " /// interrupt is masked.\n" " pub fn interrupt_pending(&self) -> bool {\n" " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" " let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).mis)." "read_volatile() };\n" " (ris & 0x01) != 0\n" " }\n" "\n" " /// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n" " ///\n" " /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false " "the\n" " /// interrupt is disabled.\n" " pub fn enable_interrupt(&mut self, mask: bool) {\n" " let imsc = if mask { 0x01 } else { 0x00 };\n" " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" " unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).imsc)." "write_volatile(imsc) }\n" " }\n" "\n" " /// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n" " pub fn clear_interrupt(&mut self) {\n" " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" " // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" " unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).icr).write_volatile(0x01) }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" "// accessed from any context.\n" "unsafe impl Send for Rtc {}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:1 #, fuzzy msgid "Concurrency Morning Exercise" msgstr "Dia 3 Exercício matinal" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:5 msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](dining-philosophers.md))" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:7 msgid "" "```rust\n" "// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n" "use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n" "use std::thread;\n" "use std::time::Duration;\n" "\n" "struct Fork;\n" "\n" "struct Philosopher {\n" " name: String,\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n" " left_fork: Arc>,\n" " right_fork: Arc>,\n" " thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender,\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n" "impl Philosopher {\n" " fn think(&self) {\n" " self.thoughts\n" " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" " .unwrap();\n" " }\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n" " fn eat(&self) {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n" " println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n" " let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n" " let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n" " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" " &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n" " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);\n" "\n" " let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n" " .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n" " .collect::>();\n" "\n" " for i in 0..forks.len() {\n" " let tx = tx.clone();\n" " let mut left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n" " let mut right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()]);\n" "\n" " // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n" " // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n" " // either of them.\n" " if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n" " std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n" " }\n" "\n" " let philosopher = Philosopher {\n" " name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n" " thoughts: tx,\n" " left_fork,\n" " right_fork,\n" " };\n" "\n" " thread::spawn(move || {\n" " for _ in 0..100 {\n" " philosopher.eat();\n" " philosopher.think();\n" " }\n" " });\n" " }\n" "\n" " drop(tx);\n" " for thought in rx {\n" " println!(\"{thought}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:104 #, fuzzy msgid "Link Checker" msgstr "Verificador de links _multi-threads_" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:106 #, fuzzy msgid "([back to exercise](link-checker.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:108 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "use std::{sync::Arc, sync::Mutex, sync::mpsc, thread};\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: setup\n" "use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n" "use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n" "use thiserror::Error;\n" "\n" "#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n" "enum Error {\n" " #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n" " ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n" " #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n" " BadResponse(String),\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: setup\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: visit_page\n" "#[derive(Debug)]\n" "struct CrawlCommand {\n" " url: Url,\n" " extract_links: bool,\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> Result, " "Error> {\n" " println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n" " let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n" " if !response.status().is_success() {\n" " return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n" " }\n" "\n" " let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n" " if !command.extract_links {\n" " return Ok(link_urls);\n" " }\n" "\n" " let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n" " let body_text = response.text()?;\n" " let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n" "\n" " let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n" " let href_values = document\n" " .select(&selector)\n" " .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n" " for href in href_values {\n" " match base_url.join(href) {\n" " Ok(link_url) => {\n" " link_urls.push(link_url);\n" " }\n" " Err(err) => {\n" " println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: " "{err}\");\n" " }\n" " }\n" " }\n" " Ok(link_urls)\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: visit_page\n" "\n" "struct CrawlState {\n" " domain: String,\n" " visited_pages: std::collections::HashSet,\n" "}\n" "\n" "impl CrawlState {\n" " fn new(start_url: &Url) -> CrawlState {\n" " let mut visited_pages = std::collections::HashSet::new();\n" " visited_pages.insert(start_url.as_str().to_string());\n" " CrawlState {\n" " domain: start_url.domain().unwrap().to_string(),\n" " visited_pages,\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " /// Determine whether links within the given page should be extracted.\n" " fn should_extract_links(&self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n" " let Some(url_domain) = url.domain() else {\n" " return false;\n" " };\n" " url_domain == self.domain\n" " }\n" "\n" " /// Mark the given page as visited, returning true if it had already\n" " /// been visited.\n" " fn mark_visited(&mut self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n" " self.visited_pages.insert(url.as_str().to_string())\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "type CrawlResult = Result, (Url, Error)>;\n" "fn spawn_crawler_threads(\n" " command_receiver: mpsc::Receiver,\n" " result_sender: mpsc::Sender,\n" " thread_count: u32,\n" ") {\n" " let command_receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(command_receiver));\n" "\n" " for _ in 0..thread_count {\n" " let result_sender = result_sender.clone();\n" " let command_receiver = command_receiver.clone();\n" " thread::spawn(move || {\n" " let client = Client::new();\n" " loop {\n" " let command_result = {\n" " let receiver_guard = command_receiver.lock().unwrap();\n" " receiver_guard.recv()\n" " };\n" " let Ok(crawl_command) = command_result else {\n" " // The sender got dropped. No more commands coming in.\n" " break;\n" " };\n" " let crawl_result = match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) " "{\n" " Ok(link_urls) => Ok(link_urls),\n" " Err(error) => Err((crawl_command.url, error)),\n" " };\n" " result_sender.send(crawl_result).unwrap();\n" " }\n" " });\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn control_crawl(\n" " start_url: Url,\n" " command_sender: mpsc::Sender,\n" " result_receiver: mpsc::Receiver,\n" ") -> Vec {\n" " let mut crawl_state = CrawlState::new(&start_url);\n" " let start_command = CrawlCommand { url: start_url, extract_links: " "true };\n" " command_sender.send(start_command).unwrap();\n" " let mut pending_urls = 1;\n" "\n" " let mut bad_urls = Vec::new();\n" " while pending_urls > 0 {\n" " let crawl_result = result_receiver.recv().unwrap();\n" " pending_urls -= 1;\n" "\n" " match crawl_result {\n" " Ok(link_urls) => {\n" " for url in link_urls {\n" " if crawl_state.mark_visited(&url) {\n" " let extract_links = crawl_state." "should_extract_links(&url);\n" " let crawl_command = CrawlCommand { url, " "extract_links };\n" " command_sender.send(crawl_command).unwrap();\n" " pending_urls += 1;\n" " }\n" " }\n" " }\n" " Err((url, error)) => {\n" " bad_urls.push(url);\n" " println!(\"Got crawling error: {:#}\", error);\n" " continue;\n" " }\n" " }\n" " }\n" " bad_urls\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn check_links(start_url: Url) -> Vec {\n" " let (result_sender, result_receiver) = mpsc::channel::();\n" " let (command_sender, command_receiver) = mpsc::channel::" "();\n" " spawn_crawler_threads(command_receiver, result_sender, 16);\n" " control_crawl(start_url, command_sender, result_receiver)\n" "}\n" "\n" "fn main() {\n" " let start_url = reqwest::Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\")." "unwrap();\n" " let bad_urls = check_links(start_url);\n" " println!(\"Bad URLs: {:#?}\", bad_urls);\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:1 #, fuzzy msgid "Concurrency Afternoon Exercise" msgstr "Dia 1 Exercícios da Tarde" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:5 #, fuzzy msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](dining-philosophers.md))" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:7 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n" "use std::sync::Arc;\n" "use tokio::time;\n" "use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n" "use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n" "\n" "struct Fork;\n" "\n" "struct Philosopher {\n" " name: String,\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n" " left_fork: Arc>,\n" " right_fork: Arc>,\n" " thoughts: Sender,\n" "}\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n" "impl Philosopher {\n" " async fn think(&self) {\n" " self.thoughts\n" " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))." "await\n" " .unwrap();\n" " }\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n" " async fn eat(&self) {\n" " // Pick up forks...\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n" " let _first_lock = self.left_fork.lock().await;\n" " // Add a delay before picking the second fork to allow the " "execution\n" " // to transfer to another task\n" " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(1)).await;\n" " let _second_lock = self.right_fork.lock().await;\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-body\n" " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-body\n" "\n" " // The locks are dropped here\n" " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n" " }\n" "}\n" "\n" "static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" " &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main]\n" "async fn main() {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n" " // Create forks\n" " let mut forks = vec![];\n" " (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len()).for_each(|_| forks.push(Arc::new(Mutex::" "new(Fork))));\n" "\n" " // Create philosophers\n" " let (philosophers, mut rx) = {\n" " let mut philosophers = vec![];\n" " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n" " for (i, name) in PHILOSOPHERS.iter().enumerate() {\n" " let left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n" " let right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % PHILOSOPHERS." "len()]);\n" " // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n" " // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n" " // either of them.\n" " if i == 0 {\n" " std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n" " }\n" " philosophers.push(Philosopher {\n" " name: name.to_string(),\n" " left_fork,\n" " right_fork,\n" " thoughts: tx.clone(),\n" " });\n" " }\n" " (philosophers, rx)\n" " // tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n" " };\n" "\n" " // Make them think and eat\n" " for phil in philosophers {\n" " tokio::spawn(async move {\n" " for _ in 0..100 {\n" " phil.think().await;\n" " phil.eat().await;\n" " }\n" " });\n" "\n" " }\n" "\n" " // Output their thoughts\n" " while let Some(thought) = rx.recv().await {\n" " println!(\"Here is a thought: {thought}\");\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:121 #, fuzzy msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))" msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:125 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: setup\n" "use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n" "use std::error::Error;\n" "use std::net::SocketAddr;\n" "use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n" "use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n" "use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n" "// ANCHOR_END: setup\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: handle_connection\n" "async fn handle_connection(\n" " addr: SocketAddr,\n" " mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream,\n" " bcast_tx: Sender,\n" ") -> Result<(), Box> {\n" " // ANCHOR_END: handle_connection\n" "\n" " ws_stream\n" " .send(Message::text(\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\".into()))\n" " .await?;\n" " let mut bcast_rx = bcast_tx.subscribe();\n" "\n" " // A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) " "receiving\n" " // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n" " // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n" " loop {\n" " tokio::select! {\n" " incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n" " match incoming {\n" " Some(Ok(msg)) => {\n" " let msg = msg.as_text()?;\n" " println!(\"From client {addr:?} {msg:?}\");\n" " bcast_tx.send(msg.into())?;\n" " }\n" " Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n" " None => return Ok(()),\n" " }\n" " }\n" " msg = bcast_rx.recv() => {\n" " ws_stream.send(Message::text(msg?)).await?;\n" " }\n" " }\n" " }\n" " // ANCHOR: main\n" "}\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main]\n" "async fn main() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" " let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n" "\n" " let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n" " println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n" "\n" " loop {\n" " let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" " println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n" " let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n" " tokio::spawn(async move {\n" " // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n" " let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n" "\n" " handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n" " });\n" " }\n" "}\n" "// ANCHOR_END: main\n" "```" msgstr "" #: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:210 msgid "" "```rust,compile_fail\n" "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" "//\n" "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" "//\n" "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" "//\n" "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" "// limitations under the License.\n" "\n" "// ANCHOR: setup\n" "use futures_util::SinkExt;\n" "use http::Uri;\n" "use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n" "use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n" "\n" "#[tokio::main]\n" "async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n" " let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::" "from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n" " .connect()\n" " .await?;\n" "\n" " let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n" " let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n" "\n" " // ANCHOR_END: setup\n" " // Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n" " loop {\n" " tokio::select! {\n" " incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n" " match incoming {\n" " Some(Ok(msg)) => println!(\"From server: {}\", msg." "as_text()?),\n" " Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n" " None => return Ok(()),\n" " }\n" " }\n" " res = stdin.next_line() => {\n" " match res {\n" " Ok(None) => return Ok(()),\n" " Ok(Some(line)) => ws_stream.send(Message::text(line." "to_string())).await?,\n" " Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),\n" " }\n" " }\n" "\n" " }\n" " }\n" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" #~ msgid "" #~ "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the \\[solutions\\] " #~ "provided." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Depois de ver os exercícios, você pode ver as " #~ "\\[soluções\\]\\[solutions\\] fornecidas." #~ msgid "" #~ "Note that since `println!` is a macro, `x` is not moved, even using the " #~ "function like syntax of `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`" #~ msgstr "" #~ "Observe que como `println!` é uma macro, `x` não é movido, mesmo usando " #~ "uma sintaxe parecida com a de uma função `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`" #~ msgid "" #~ "Globally-scoped names for values can be given with static variables and " #~ "constant definitions." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Nomes com escopo global podem ser obtidos por meio de variáveis estáticas " #~ "e definições de constantes." #~ msgid "You can declare compile-time constants:" #~ msgstr "Você pode declarar constantes em tempo de compilação:" #~ msgid "You can also declare static variables:" #~ msgstr "Você também pode declarar variáveis estáticas:" #~ msgid "" #~ "If you need to mutate the data inside an `Rc`, you will need to wrap the " #~ "data in a type such as [`Cell` or `RefCell`](../concurrency/shared_state/" #~ "arc.md)." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Se você precisar alterar os dados dentro de um `Rc`, você precisará " #~ "agrupar os dados em um tipo como [`Cell` ou `RefCell`](../concurrency/" #~ "shared_state/arc.md)." #~ msgid "" #~ "Compare the different datatypes mentioned. `Box` enables (im)mutable " #~ "borrows that are enforced at compile time. `RefCell` enables (im)mutable " #~ "borrows that are enforced at run time and will panic if it fails at " #~ "runtime." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Compare os diferentes tipos de dados mencionados. `Box` permite " #~ "empréstimos mutáveis e imutáveis que são impostos em tempo de compilação. " #~ "`RefCell` permite empréstimos mutáveis e imutáveis impostos em tempo de " #~ "execução e irá lançar um `panic` caso falhe." #~ msgid "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n" #~ "use std::cell::RefCell;\n" #~ "\n" #~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" #~ "struct Node {\n" #~ " value: i64,\n" #~ " parent: Option>>,\n" #~ " children: Vec>>,\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "\n" #~ "fn main() {\n" #~ " let mut root = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" #~ " value: 42,\n" #~ " parent: None,\n" #~ " children: vec![],\n" #~ " }));\n" #~ " let child = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" #~ " value: 43,\n" #~ " children: vec![],\n" #~ " parent: Some(Rc::downgrade(&root))\n" #~ " }));\n" #~ " root.borrow_mut().children.push(child);\n" #~ "\n" #~ " println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #~ msgstr "" #~ "```rust,editable\n" #~ "use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n" #~ "use std::cell::RefCell;\n" #~ "\n" #~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" #~ "struct Node {\n" #~ " valor: i64,\n" #~ " pai: Option>>,\n" #~ " filhos: Vec>>,\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "\n" #~ "fn main() {\n" #~ " let mut raiz = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" #~ " valor: 42,\n" #~ " pai: None,\n" #~ " filhos: vec![],\n" #~ " }));\n" #~ " let filho = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" #~ " valor: 43,\n" #~ " filhos: vec![],\n" #~ " pai: Some(Rc::downgrade(&raiz))\n" #~ " }));\n" #~ " raiz.borrow_mut().filhos.push(filho);\n" #~ "\n" #~ " println!(\"Grafo: {raiz:#?}\");\n" #~ "}\n" #~ "```" #~ msgid "" #~ "Copy the following code to and implement " #~ "the function:" #~ msgstr "" #~ "Copie o seguinte código para e implemente a " #~ "função:"