mirror of
https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust.git
synced 2025-03-19 14:17:51 +02:00
0c91136396
I want to contribute to German translation, so i set up the complete toolchain and git project for proper operation. This is my initial commit to verify, that all is correct and i can continue.
24179 lines
761 KiB
Plaintext
24179 lines
761 KiB
Plaintext
msgid ""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n"
|
|
"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-11T19:48:31+01:00\n"
|
|
"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
|
|
"Last-Translator: \n"
|
|
"Language-Team: \n"
|
|
"Language: de\n"
|
|
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
|
|
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
|
|
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
|
|
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
|
|
"X-Generator: Poedit 3.5\n"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/index.md
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen bei Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course.md
|
|
msgid "Running the Course"
|
|
msgstr "Ablauf des Kurses"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Course Structure"
|
|
msgstr "Kursstruktur"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
|
|
msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts"
|
|
msgstr "Tastaturkürzel"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid "Translations"
|
|
msgstr "Übersetzungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Using Cargo"
|
|
msgstr "Cargo verwenden"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Rust Ecosystem"
|
|
msgstr "Rust Ökosystem"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Code Samples"
|
|
msgstr "Codebeispiele"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Running Cargo Locally"
|
|
msgstr "Cargo lokal ausführen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Day 1: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 1: Vormittags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md src/welcome-day-3.md src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome-async.md
|
|
msgid "Welcome"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md src/types-and-values.md src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Hello, World"
|
|
msgstr "Hallo Welt!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world.md src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "What is Rust?"
|
|
msgstr "Was ist Rust?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world.md src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Benefits of Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Vorteile von Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world.md src/hello-world/playground.md
|
|
msgid "Playground"
|
|
msgstr "Testumgebung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md
|
|
msgid "Types and Values"
|
|
msgstr "Datentypen und Wertebereiche"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values.md src/types-and-values/variables.md
|
|
msgid "Variables"
|
|
msgstr "Variablen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values.md src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "Values"
|
|
msgstr "Wertebereiche"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values.md src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md
|
|
msgid "Arithmetic"
|
|
msgstr "Arithmetik"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values.md src/types-and-values/inference.md
|
|
msgid "Type Inference"
|
|
msgstr "Typinferenz"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values.md src/types-and-values/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Fibonacci"
|
|
msgstr "Übung: Fibonacci Reihe"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/solution.md
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/solution.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md
|
|
#: src/references/solution.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/solution.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md
|
|
#: src/generics/solution.md src/std-types/solution.md src/std-traits/solution.md
|
|
#: src/memory-management/solution.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md
|
|
#: src/borrowing/solution.md src/lifetimes/solution.md src/iterators/solution.md
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md src/testing/solution.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Solution"
|
|
msgstr "Lösungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Control Flow Basics"
|
|
msgstr "Kontrollfluss"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "`if` Expressions"
|
|
msgstr "`if` Anweisungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid "`match` Expressions"
|
|
msgstr "`Match` Anweisungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics.md src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
msgid "Loops"
|
|
msgstr "Schleifen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/loops/for.md
|
|
msgid "`for`"
|
|
msgstr "`for` Schleifen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/loops/loop.md
|
|
msgid "`loop`"
|
|
msgstr "`loop` Schleifen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`break` and `continue`"
|
|
msgstr "`break` und `continue`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/break-continue/labels.md
|
|
msgid "Labels"
|
|
msgstr "Bezeichner"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid "Blocks and Scopes"
|
|
msgstr "Blöcke und Gültigkeitsbereiche"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md
|
|
msgid "Scopes and Shadowing"
|
|
msgstr "Gültigkeitsbereiche und Verschattungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics.md src/control-flow-basics/functions.md
|
|
msgid "Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Funktionen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics.md src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid "Macros"
|
|
msgstr "Makros"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics.md src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Collatz Sequence"
|
|
msgstr "Übung: Die Collatz Sequenz"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Day 1: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 1: Nachmittags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "Tuples and Arrays"
|
|
msgstr "Tuples und Datenfelder"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md src/tuples-and-arrays/arrays.md
|
|
msgid "Arrays"
|
|
msgstr "Datenfelder"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples.md
|
|
msgid "Tuples"
|
|
msgstr "Tupel"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md
|
|
msgid "Array Iteration"
|
|
msgstr "Iteration über Datenfelder"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "Patterns and Destructuring"
|
|
msgstr "Muster und Zerlegung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Nested Arrays"
|
|
msgstr "Übung: Verschachtelte Datenfelder"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md src/references.md
|
|
msgid "References"
|
|
msgstr "Referenzen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/references.md src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid "Shared References"
|
|
msgstr "Geteilte Referenzen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/references.md src/references/exclusive.md
|
|
msgid "Exclusive References"
|
|
msgstr "Exklusive Referenzen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/references.md src/references/slices.md
|
|
msgid "Slices"
|
|
msgstr "Anteilstypen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/references.md src/references/strings.md
|
|
msgid "Strings"
|
|
msgstr "Zeichenketten"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/references.md src/references/dangling.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Reference Validity"
|
|
msgstr "Referenzen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/references.md src/references/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Geometry"
|
|
msgstr "Übung: Geometrie"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md src/user-defined-types.md
|
|
msgid "User-Defined Types"
|
|
msgstr "Benutzerdefinierte Datentypen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types.md
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Named Structs"
|
|
msgstr "Strukturen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types.md
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
msgid "Tuple Structs"
|
|
msgstr "Tupelstrukturen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types.md src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md
|
|
msgid "Enums"
|
|
msgstr "Aufzählungstypen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Const"
|
|
msgstr "Konstanten"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Static"
|
|
msgstr "`static`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types.md src/user-defined-types/aliases.md
|
|
msgid "Type Aliases"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types.md src/user-defined-types/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Elevator Events"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Day 2: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 2: Vormittags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md
|
|
msgid "Pattern Matching"
|
|
msgstr "Mustervergleich"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/pattern-matching.md src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "Matching Values"
|
|
msgstr "Wertevergleich"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/pattern-matching.md
|
|
msgid "Destructuring Structs"
|
|
msgstr "Strukturen auflösen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/pattern-matching.md
|
|
msgid "Destructuring Enums"
|
|
msgstr "Aufzählungstypen auflösen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/pattern-matching.md src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "Let Control Flow"
|
|
msgstr "Flusskontrolle mit `Let`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/pattern-matching.md src/pattern-matching/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Expression Evaluation"
|
|
msgstr "Übung: Untersuchung von Ausdrücken"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md
|
|
msgid "Methods and Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Methoden und Merkmale"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits.md src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "Methods"
|
|
msgstr "Methoden"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits.md src/methods-and-traits/traits.md
|
|
msgid "Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Merkmale"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/traits/implementing.md
|
|
msgid "Implementing Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Implementierung von Merkmalen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/traits/supertraits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Supertraits"
|
|
msgstr "Züge"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/traits/associated-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Associated Types"
|
|
msgstr "Skalare Typen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits.md src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Deriving"
|
|
msgstr "Ableitung von Merkmalen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Generic Logger"
|
|
msgstr "Übung: Allgemeiner Datenlogger"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Day 2: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 2: Nachmittags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md src/generics.md
|
|
msgid "Generics"
|
|
msgstr "Generische Datentypen und Methoden"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics.md src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid "Generic Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Generische Funktionen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics.md src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
msgid "Generic Data Types"
|
|
msgstr "Generische Datentypen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/generic-traits.md
|
|
msgid "Generic Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Generische Methoden"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics.md src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
msgid "Trait Bounds"
|
|
msgstr "Merkmalsgrenzen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`impl Trait`"
|
|
msgstr "`imple Merkmal`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/dyn-trait.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`dyn Trait`"
|
|
msgstr "`imple Merkmal`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Generic `min`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md src/std-types.md
|
|
msgid "Standard Library Types"
|
|
msgstr "Standardbibliothek Datentypen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types.md src/std-types/std.md
|
|
msgid "Standard Library"
|
|
msgstr "Standardbibliothek"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types.md src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid "Documentation"
|
|
msgstr "Dokumentation"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "`Option`"
|
|
msgstr "`Option`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid "`Result`"
|
|
msgstr "`Result`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid "`String`"
|
|
msgstr "`String`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Vec`"
|
|
msgstr "`Vec`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/hashmap.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`HashMap`"
|
|
msgstr "`HashMap`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types.md src/std-types/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Counter"
|
|
msgstr "Übung: Zähler"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid "Standard Library Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Standardbibliothek Methoden"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits.md src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome-async.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Comparisons"
|
|
msgstr "Vergleich"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits.md src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Operators"
|
|
msgstr "Iteratoren"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/from-and-into.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`From` and `Into`"
|
|
msgstr "`Von` und `Nach`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits.md src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Casting"
|
|
msgstr "Testen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Read` and `Write`"
|
|
msgstr "`Lesen` und `Schreiben`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "`Default`, struct update syntax"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits.md src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Closures"
|
|
msgstr "Schließungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits.md src/std-traits/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: ROT13"
|
|
msgstr "Übungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Day 3: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 3: Vormittags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md
|
|
msgid "Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "Speicherverwaltung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management.md src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "Review of Program Memory"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management.md src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Approaches to Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "Automatische Speicherverwaltung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management.md src/memory-management/ownership.md
|
|
msgid "Ownership"
|
|
msgstr "Eigentümerschaft"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management.md src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "Move Semantics"
|
|
msgstr "Semantik des Verschiebens"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "`Clone`"
|
|
msgstr "`Clone`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management.md src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Copy Types"
|
|
msgstr "Verbundtypen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "`Drop`"
|
|
msgstr "`Drop`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management.md src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Builder Type"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md
|
|
msgid "Smart Pointers"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Box<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`Kasten`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Rc`"
|
|
msgstr "`Rc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers.md src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Owned Trait Objects"
|
|
msgstr "Merkmalsobjekte"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers.md src/smart-pointers/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Binary Tree"
|
|
msgstr "Übung: Binärer Baum"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Day 3: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 3: Nachmittags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md src/borrowing.md
|
|
msgid "Borrowing"
|
|
msgstr "Ausborgen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing.md src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
msgid "Borrowing a Value"
|
|
msgstr "Ausborgen von Werten"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing.md src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
msgid "Borrow Checking"
|
|
msgstr "Ausborgen - Überprüfung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing.md src/borrowing/examples.md
|
|
msgid "Borrow Errors"
|
|
msgstr "Ausborgen - Fehler"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing.md src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Interior Mutability"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilität"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing.md src/borrowing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Health Statistics"
|
|
msgstr "Gesundheitsstatistiken"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md src/lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Lifetimes"
|
|
msgstr "Lebensdauern"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/lifetimes.md src/lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Lifetime Annotations"
|
|
msgstr "Lebensdauern in Funktionsaufrufen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Lifetime Elision"
|
|
msgstr "Lebensdauern"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "Struct Lifetimes"
|
|
msgstr "Lebensdauer von Strukturen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/lifetimes.md src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Protobuf Parsing"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Day 4: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 4: Vormittags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#: src/iterators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Iterators"
|
|
msgstr "Iteratoren"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators.md
|
|
msgid "Motivation"
|
|
msgstr "Motivation"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators/iterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Iterator` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "`Iterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators/helpers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Iterator` Helper Methods"
|
|
msgstr "`Iterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators/collect.md
|
|
msgid "`collect`"
|
|
msgstr "`collect`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`IntoIterator`"
|
|
msgstr "`IntoIterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators.md src/iterators/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Iterator Method Chaining"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#: src/modules.md src/modules/modules.md
|
|
msgid "Modules"
|
|
msgstr "Module"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules.md src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy"
|
|
msgstr "Dateisystemhierarchie"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules.md src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid "Visibility"
|
|
msgstr "Sichtbarkeit"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Encapsulation"
|
|
msgstr "Übersetzungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "`use`, `super`, `self`"
|
|
msgstr "`use`, `super`, `self`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules.md src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Modules for a GUI Library"
|
|
msgstr "Übung: Module für eine GUI Bibliothek"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#: src/testing.md src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid "Testing"
|
|
msgstr "Tests"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing.md src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
msgid "Unit Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Unit-Tests"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing.md src/testing/other.md
|
|
msgid "Other Types of Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Andere Testmöglichkeiten"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing.md src/testing/lints.md
|
|
msgid "Compiler Lints and Clippy"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing.md src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Luhn Algorithm"
|
|
msgstr "Luhn-Algorithmus"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Day 4: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 4: Nachmittags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md src/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "Fehlerbehandlung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling.md src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "Panics"
|
|
msgstr "Laufzeitabbrüche"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling.md src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Try Operator"
|
|
msgstr "Iterator"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling.md src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Try Conversions"
|
|
msgstr "Implizite Konvertierungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Error` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "Die `Drop`\\-Eigenschaft"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/thiserror.md
|
|
msgid "`thiserror`"
|
|
msgstr "`thiserror`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "`anyhow`"
|
|
msgstr "`anyhow`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Rewriting with `Result`"
|
|
msgstr "Strukturierte Fehlerbehandlung mit `Result`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md src/unsafe-rust.md src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Unsicheres Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe"
|
|
msgstr "Unsicheres Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust.md src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers"
|
|
msgstr "Roh-zeiger dereferenzieren"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust.md src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
msgid "Mutable Static Variables"
|
|
msgstr "Veränderbare statische Variablen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust.md src/unsafe-rust/unions.md
|
|
msgid "Unions"
|
|
msgstr "Vereinigungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust.md src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Unsichere Funktionen aufrufen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Unsichere Merkmale implementieren"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: FFI Wrapper"
|
|
msgstr "Sicherer FFI-Wrapper"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Android"
|
|
msgstr "Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/setup.md src/chromium/setup.md
|
|
msgid "Setup"
|
|
msgstr "Einrichtung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Build Rules"
|
|
msgstr "Regeln beim Bauen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Binary"
|
|
msgstr "Binärdatei"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Library"
|
|
msgstr "Bibliothek"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl.md
|
|
msgid "AIDL"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/birthday-service.md
|
|
msgid "Birthday Service Tutorial"
|
|
msgstr "Tutorial: Geburtstagsdienst"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Interface"
|
|
msgstr "Schnittstelle"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Service API"
|
|
msgstr "Service API"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Service"
|
|
msgstr "Dienst"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Server"
|
|
msgstr "Server"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/example-service/deploy.md
|
|
msgid "Deploy"
|
|
msgstr "Verteilen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Client"
|
|
msgstr "Klient"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md
|
|
msgid "Changing API"
|
|
msgstr "API verändern"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Updating Implementations"
|
|
msgstr "Implementierung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "AIDL Types"
|
|
msgstr "Typen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "Primitive Types"
|
|
msgstr "Einfache Datentypen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Array Types"
|
|
msgstr "Arrays"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/types/objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Sending Objects"
|
|
msgstr "Merkmalsobjekte"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Parcelables"
|
|
msgstr "Variablen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
msgid "Sending Files"
|
|
msgstr "Dateien versenden"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "GoogleTest"
|
|
msgstr "Google Test"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid "Mocking"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/logging.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md
|
|
msgid "Logging"
|
|
msgstr "Protokollierung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability.md
|
|
msgid "Interoperability"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilität"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "With C"
|
|
msgstr "Mit C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Calling C with Bindgen"
|
|
msgstr "Aufruf von C-Funktionen mit Bindgen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Calling Rust from C"
|
|
msgstr "Aufruf von Rust aus C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp.md
|
|
msgid "With C++"
|
|
msgstr "Mit C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid "The Bridge Module"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Rust Bridge"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Generated C++"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "C++ Bridge"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Shared Types"
|
|
msgstr "Skalare Typen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md
|
|
msgid "Shared Enums"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md
|
|
msgid "Rust Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "Fehlerbehandlung in Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md
|
|
msgid "C++ Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "Fehlerbehandlung in C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid "Additional Types"
|
|
msgstr "Zusätzliche Datentypen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Building for Android: C++"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Building for Android: Genrules"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Building for Android: Rust"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "With Java"
|
|
msgstr "Mit Java"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Chromium"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Comparing Chromium and Cargo Ecosystems"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Policy"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Code"
|
|
msgstr "Unsicheres Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md
|
|
msgid "Depending on Rust Code from Chromium C++"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid "Visual Studio Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Übungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md
|
|
msgid "`rust_gtest_interop` Library"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md
|
|
msgid "GN Rules for Rust Tests"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md
|
|
msgid "`chromium::import!` Macro"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Interoperability with C++"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilität mit C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Example Bindings"
|
|
msgstr "Beispiele"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid "Limitations of CXX"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "CXX Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "Fehlerbehandlung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Error Handling: QR Example"
|
|
msgstr "Fehlerbehandlung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Error Handling: PNG Example"
|
|
msgstr "Fehlerbehandlung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Using CXX in Chromium"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Adding Third Party Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Configuring Cargo.toml"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md
|
|
msgid "Configuring `gnrt_config.toml`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Downloading Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Generating `gn` Build Rules"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Resolving Problems"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md
|
|
msgid "Build Scripts Which Generate Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md
|
|
msgid "Build Scripts Which Build C++ or Take Arbitrary Actions"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md
|
|
msgid "Depending on a Crate"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Reviews and Audits"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Checking into Chromium Source Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/keeping-up-to-date.md
|
|
msgid "Keeping Crates Up to Date"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Bringing It Together - Exercise"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/chromium/solutions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise Solutions"
|
|
msgstr "Lösungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Hardwarenahes Rust: Vormittags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`no_std`"
|
|
msgstr "`no_std`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "A Minimal Example"
|
|
msgstr "Kleines Beispiel"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
msgid "`alloc`"
|
|
msgstr "`alloc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md
|
|
msgid "Microcontrollers"
|
|
msgstr "Mikrokontroller"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
msgid "Raw MMIO"
|
|
msgstr "MMIO"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "PACs"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "HAL Crates"
|
|
msgstr "HAL Kisten"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Board Support Crates"
|
|
msgstr "Helfer Kisten"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "The Type State Pattern"
|
|
msgstr "Das Typzustandsmuster"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
msgid "`embedded-hal`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
msgid "`probe-rs` and `cargo-embed`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md
|
|
msgid "Debugging"
|
|
msgstr "Debugging"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Other Projects"
|
|
msgstr "Andere Ressourcen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome.md src/concurrency/sync-exercises.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome-async.md src/concurrency/async-exercises.md
|
|
msgid "Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "Übungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "Compass"
|
|
msgstr "Kompass"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/sync-exercises.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md src/concurrency/async-exercises.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "Solutions"
|
|
msgstr "Lösungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Bare-Metal: Nachmittags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Application Processors"
|
|
msgstr "Applikationsprozessoren"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
msgid "Getting Ready to Rust"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Inline Assembly"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "MMIO"
|
|
msgstr "MMIO"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Schreiben eines UART Treibers"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "More Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Noch mehr Merkmale"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Using It"
|
|
msgstr "Benutzung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "A Better UART Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Ein besserer UART Treiber"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
msgid "Bitflags"
|
|
msgstr "Bitflags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Multiple Registers"
|
|
msgstr "Mehrere Register"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid "Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Treiber"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/result.md src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md
|
|
msgid "Exceptions"
|
|
msgstr "Ausnahmen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Useful Crates"
|
|
msgstr "Nützliche Kisten"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md
|
|
msgid "`zerocopy`"
|
|
msgstr "`zerocopy`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
msgid "`aarch64-paging`"
|
|
msgstr "`aarch64-paging`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md
|
|
msgid "`buddy_system_allocator`"
|
|
msgstr "`buddy_system_allocator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md
|
|
msgid "`tinyvec`"
|
|
msgstr "`tinyvec`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md
|
|
msgid "`spin`"
|
|
msgstr "`spin`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/android.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Bare-Metal on Android"
|
|
msgstr "Hardwarenahes Rust: Morgens"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "`vmbase`"
|
|
msgstr "`vmbase`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "RTC Driver"
|
|
msgstr "RTC Treiber"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Concurrency: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Nebenläufigkeit: Vormittags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome.md src/concurrency/threads.md
|
|
msgid "Threads"
|
|
msgstr "Abläufe"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/threads.md src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "Plain Threads"
|
|
msgstr "Geradlinige Abläufe"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/threads.md src/concurrency/threads/scoped.md
|
|
msgid "Scoped Threads"
|
|
msgstr "Ausführungsstrang mit Sichtbarkeitsbereich"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome.md src/concurrency/channels.md
|
|
msgid "Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Kanäle"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/channels.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/senders-receivers.md
|
|
msgid "Senders and Receivers"
|
|
msgstr "Sender und Empfänger"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/channels.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md
|
|
msgid "Unbounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Unbegrenzte Kanäle"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/channels.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
msgid "Bounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Unbeschränkte Kanäle"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
msgid "`Send` and `Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Send` und `Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/marker-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Marker Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Noch mehr Merkmale"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md
|
|
msgid "`Send`"
|
|
msgstr "`Send`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md
|
|
msgid "`Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
msgid "Examples"
|
|
msgstr "Beispiele"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome.md src/concurrency/shared-state.md
|
|
msgid "Shared State"
|
|
msgstr "Geteilter Zustand"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/shared-state/arc.md
|
|
msgid "`Arc`"
|
|
msgstr "`Arc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/shared-state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Mutex`"
|
|
msgstr "`Mutex`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md src/concurrency/shared-state.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/example.md
|
|
msgid "Example"
|
|
msgstr "Beispiel"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/sync-exercises.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md src/concurrency/async-exercises.md
|
|
msgid "Dining Philosophers"
|
|
msgstr "Philosophenproblem"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/sync-exercises.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker"
|
|
msgstr "Link Überprüfung mit mehreren Ausführungssträngen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Concurrency: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Nebenläufigkeit: Nachmittags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome-async.md src/concurrency/async.md
|
|
msgid "Async Basics"
|
|
msgstr "Grundlagen asynchroner Programmabläufe"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/async/async-await.md
|
|
msgid "`async`/`await`"
|
|
msgstr "`async`/`await`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/async.md src/concurrency/async/futures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Futures"
|
|
msgstr "Schließungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/async.md src/concurrency/async/runtimes.md
|
|
msgid "Runtimes"
|
|
msgstr "Laufzeiten"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "Tokio"
|
|
msgstr "Tokio"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async.md src/concurrency/async/tasks.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid "Tasks"
|
|
msgstr "Aufgaben"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome-async.md src/concurrency/async-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Channels and Control Flow"
|
|
msgstr "Kontrollfluss"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/async-control-flow.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/channels.md
|
|
msgid "Async Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Asynchrone Kanäle"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/async-control-flow.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid "Join"
|
|
msgstr "Join"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/async-control-flow.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid "Select"
|
|
msgstr "Select"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome-async.md src/concurrency/async-pitfalls.md
|
|
msgid "Pitfalls"
|
|
msgstr "Tücken"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/async-pitfalls.md
|
|
msgid "Blocking the Executor"
|
|
msgstr "Blockieren des Ausführers"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "`Pin`"
|
|
msgstr "`Pin`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/async-pitfalls.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid "Async Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Async Merkmale"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/async-pitfalls.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Cancellation"
|
|
msgstr "Installation"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/async-exercises.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "Broadcast Chat Application"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Final Words"
|
|
msgstr "Letzte Worte"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/thanks.md
|
|
msgid "Thanks!"
|
|
msgstr "Danke!"
|
|
|
|
#. Please keep { #glossary } untranslated.
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid "Glossary"
|
|
msgstr "Glossary"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Other Resources"
|
|
msgstr "Andere Ressourcen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/credits.md
|
|
msgid "Credits"
|
|
msgstr "Würdigungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [![GitHub "
|
|
"contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/graphs/"
|
|
"contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust/stargazers)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [![GitHub "
|
|
"contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/graphs/"
|
|
"contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust/stargazers)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a free Rust course developed by the Android team at Google. The course "
|
|
"covers the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced topics like "
|
|
"generics and error handling."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dies ist ein dreitägiger Rust-Kurs, der vom Android-Team entwickelt wurde. Der "
|
|
"Kurs umfasst das gesamte Spektrum von Rust, von grundlegender Syntax bis hin zu "
|
|
"fortgeschrittenen Themen wie generischen Methoden und Datentypen sowie "
|
|
"Fehlerbehandlung. Am letzten Tag werden auch Android-spezifische Inhalte "
|
|
"behandelt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The latest version of the course can be found at <https://google.github.io/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/>. If you are reading somewhere else, please check there for "
|
|
"updates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die neueste Version des Kurses ist unter <https://google.github.io/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/> zu finden. Wenn Sie diesen auf anderen Seiten lesen, "
|
|
"prüfen sie dort bitte auf Aktualisierungen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course is available in other languages. Select your preferred language in "
|
|
"the top right corner of the page or check the [Translations](running-the-course/"
|
|
"translations.md) page for a list of all available translations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dieser Kurs ist in anderen Sprachen verfügbar. Wählen Sie ihre bevorzugte "
|
|
"Sprache in der rechten oberen Ecke der Seite aus oder gehen Sie auf die "
|
|
"[Translations](running-the-course/translations.md) Seite um eine Liste der "
|
|
"verfügbaren Sprachen zu erhalten."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid "The course is also available [as a PDF](comprehensive-rust.pdf)."
|
|
msgstr "Der Kurs ist auch als PDF (comprehensive-rust.pdf) verfügbar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know anything "
|
|
"about Rust and hope to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Ziel des Kurses ist es, Dir Rust beizubringen. Wie setzen keine "
|
|
"Vorkenntnisse über Rust voraus, und hoffen das Folgende zu erreichen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid "Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dir ein umfassendes Verständnis der Rust-Syntax und -Sprache zu vermitteln."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid "Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es dir ermöglichen, bestehende Programme zu modifizieren und neue Programme in "
|
|
"Rust zu schreiben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid "Show you common Rust idioms."
|
|
msgstr "Dir gängige Rust-Idiome zu zeigen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid "We call the first four course days Rust Fundamentals."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Building on this, you're invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"In den ersten drei Tagen zeigen wir die Grundlagen von Rust. Danach, laden wir "
|
|
"dich ein sich mit einem oder mehreren Spezialthemen zu befassen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Android](android.md): a half-day course on using Rust for Android platform "
|
|
"development (AOSP). This includes interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Android](android.md): ein halbtägiger Kurs zur Verwendung von Rust für die "
|
|
"Android-Plattform Entwicklung (AOSP). Dazu gehört die Interoperabilität mit C, "
|
|
"C++ und Java."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Chromium](chromium.md): a half-day course on using Rust within Chromium based "
|
|
"browsers. This includes interoperability with C++ and how to include third-"
|
|
"party crates in Chromium."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Android](android.md): ein halbtägiger Kurs zur Verwendung von Rust für die "
|
|
"Android-Plattform Entwicklung (AOSP). Dazu gehört die Interoperabilität mit C, "
|
|
"C++ und Java."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): a whole-day class on using Rust for bare-metal "
|
|
"(embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application processors are "
|
|
"covered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Bare-Metal](bare-metal.md): ein ganztägiger Kurs über die Verwendung von Rust "
|
|
"für Bare-Metal (eingebettete) Entwicklung. Sowohl Mikrocontroller als auch "
|
|
"Anwendungsprozessoren bedeckt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Concurrency](concurrency/welcome.md): a whole-day class on concurrency in "
|
|
"Rust. We cover both classical concurrency (preemptively scheduling using "
|
|
"threads and mutexes) and async/await concurrency (cooperative multitasking "
|
|
"using futures)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Concurrency](concurrency.md): ein ganztägiger Kurs zum Thema Parallelität in "
|
|
"Rust. Wir decken sowohl die klassische Parallelität ab (präventive Planung "
|
|
"mithilfe von Threads als auch Mutexe) und Async/Await-Parallelität "
|
|
"(kooperatives Multitasking mit Futures)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid "Non-Goals"
|
|
msgstr "Nicht-Ziele"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few days. "
|
|
"Some non-goals of this course are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust ist eine große Sprache und wir werden sie in ein paar Tagen nicht "
|
|
"vollständig abdecken können. Einige Nicht-Ziele dieses Kurses sind:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Learning how to develop macros: please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust Book]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by Example]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Um zu erfahren, wie Du Makros entwickelst, siehe [Kapitel 19.5 im Rust Buch]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) und [Rust im Beispiel]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid "Assumptions"
|
|
msgstr "Annahmen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a statically-"
|
|
"typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and C++ to better "
|
|
"explain or contrast the Rust approach."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der Kurs setzt voraus, dass du bereits Programmierkenntnisse besitzt. Rust ist "
|
|
"eine statisch typisierte Sprache und wir werden manchmal Vergleiche mit C und C+"
|
|
"+ machen, um besser den Rust-Ansatz zu erklären oder gegenüberzustellen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you know how to program in a dynamically-typed language such as Python or "
|
|
"JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aber auch wenn du Vorwissen in einer dynamisch typisierten Sprache wie Python "
|
|
"oder JavaScript hast, wirst du problemlos folgen können."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional "
|
|
"information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor should "
|
|
"cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dies ist ein Beispiel für eine _Sprechernotiz_, welche wir verwenden, um "
|
|
"weitere Informationen zu den Folien hinzuzufügen. Sprechernotizen können "
|
|
"wichtige Punkte beinhalten, die vom Kursleiter erwähnt werden sollten, oder "
|
|
"auch Antworten auf Fragen, die typischerweise im Kurs vorkommen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "This page is for the course instructor."
|
|
msgstr "Diese Seite ist für den Kursleiter."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the course "
|
|
"internally at Google."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Hier ein paar Hintergrundinformationen darüber, wie wir den Kurs intern bei "
|
|
"Google durchführen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We typically run classes from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm, with a 1 hour lunch break in "
|
|
"the middle. This leaves 3 hours for the morning class and 3 hours for the "
|
|
"afternoon class. Both sessions contain multiple breaks and time for students to "
|
|
"work on exercises."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:"
|
|
msgstr "Bevor du den Kurs vorstellst solltest du:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker notes "
|
|
"to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more speaker "
|
|
"notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker notes in a "
|
|
"popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker Notes\"). This way "
|
|
"you have a clean screen to present to the class."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Setze dich mit dem Kursmaterial auseinander. Wir haben Sprechernotizen "
|
|
"hinzugefügt, um Schlüsselpunkte hervorzuheben (gerne kannst du uns helfen "
|
|
"weitere Sprechernotizen hinzuzufügen!). Beim Vorstellen kannst du die "
|
|
"Sprechernotizen in einem Seitenfenster öffnen (klick dazu auf den kleinen Pfeil "
|
|
"neben \"Speaker Notes\"). Dadurch hast du eine übersichtliche Oberfläche wenn "
|
|
"du den Kurs vorstellst."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Decide on the dates. Since the course takes four days, we recommend that you "
|
|
"schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants have said that they find "
|
|
"it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them process all the "
|
|
"information we give them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Am Nachmittag des vierten Tages kannst du ein Thema frei wählen. Du kannst "
|
|
"entweder ein Thema nach Schwierigkeitsgrad wählen, oder aber ein Thema was zu "
|
|
"deiner Zuhörerschaft passt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a class "
|
|
"size of 15-25 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable asking "
|
|
"questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have time to "
|
|
"answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself and for the "
|
|
"students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your laptops. In "
|
|
"particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an instructor, so a "
|
|
"lectern won't be very helpful for you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Lege im Vorhinein die Kurszeiten fest. Der Kurs ist umfangreich, daher "
|
|
"empfehlen wir vier Tage in einem Zeitraum von zwei Wochen. Kursteilnehmer "
|
|
"meinten, dass Pausen zwischen den Tagen sinnvoll seien um die Menge an "
|
|
"Informationen zu verarbeiten."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things up. "
|
|
"We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your laptop "
|
|
"(see the [installation instructions](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust#building)). This ensures optimal performance with no lag as you change "
|
|
"pages. Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as you or the course "
|
|
"participants spot them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Finde einen Raum der groß genug für alle anwesenden Teilnehmer ist. Wir "
|
|
"empfehlen eine Teilnehmeranzahl von 15 bis 20 Leuten. Das schafft ein gutes "
|
|
"Klima, um Fragen zu stellen, und es ist möglich alle Fragen zeitnah zu "
|
|
"beantworten. Stelle auch sicher, dass der Raum _Tische_ mit Stühlen für die "
|
|
"Teilnehmer und dich hat. Ihr werdet nämlich eure Laptops benötigen. Um genau zu "
|
|
"sein wirst du viel vorprogrammieren."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. We typically "
|
|
"spend 30-45 minutes on exercises in the morning and in the afternoon (including "
|
|
"time to review the solutions). Make sure to ask people if they're stuck or if "
|
|
"there is anything you can help with. When you see that several people have the "
|
|
"same problem, call it out to the class and offer a solution, e.g., by showing "
|
|
"people where to find the relevant information in the standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sei schon etwas vor dem ersten Termin da, um alles vorzubereiten. Wir schlagen "
|
|
"vor, dass du `mdbook serve` direkt präsentierst (siehe [Installationsanleitung]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust#building)). Somit entstehen keine "
|
|
"Störungen oder Unklarheiten bei dem Wechseln von Seiten und falls du oder die "
|
|
"Teilnehmer Rechtschreibfehler finden können diese sofort behoben werden.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"Gib den Kursteilnehmern Zeit die Aufgaben selbst oder in kleinen Gruppen zu "
|
|
"lösen. Vergiss nicht ab und an zu fragen ob jemand Hilfe benötigt. Wenn mehrere "
|
|
"Teilnehmer das gleiche Problem haben, spreche es vor allen Teilnehmern an und "
|
|
"zeige einen möglichen Lösungsweg auf. Z. B. könntest du zeigen wo man die "
|
|
"relevante Information in der Standardbibliothek findet.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"Bereite alles vor was du am Nachmittag des vierten Tages behandeln möchtest."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun for "
|
|
"you as it has been for us!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das ist alles, viel Glück bei der Durchführung des Kurses! Wir hoffen, dass es "
|
|
"dir genauso viel Spaß machen wird wie uns!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please [provide feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
|
|
"discussions/86) afterwards so that we can keep improving the course. We would "
|
|
"love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made better. Your "
|
|
"students are also very welcome to [send us feedback](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Bitte [gib anschließend Rückmeldung](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust/discussions/86), damit wir den Kurs weiter verbessern können. Was uns "
|
|
"besonders interessieren würde ist was gut funktioniert hat aber auch was wir "
|
|
"verbessern könnten. Deine Teilnehmer sind natürlich auch herzlich eingeladen, "
|
|
"[uns Rückmeldung zu geben](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
|
|
"discussions/100)!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust Fundamentals"
|
|
msgstr "Rust-Binärdateien"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The first four days make up [Rust Fundamentals](../welcome-day-1.md). The days "
|
|
"are fast paced and we cover a lot of ground!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Course schedule:"
|
|
msgstr "Kursstruktur"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Day 1 Morning (2 hours and 10 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 2 Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md src/concurrency/welcome.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome-async.md
|
|
msgid "Segment"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md src/types-and-values.md src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md src/references.md
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md src/welcome-day-2.md src/pattern-matching.md
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md src/generics.md
|
|
#: src/std-types.md src/std-traits.md src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md src/smart-pointers.md src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md
|
|
#: src/borrowing.md src/lifetimes.md src/welcome-day-4.md src/iterators.md
|
|
#: src/modules.md src/testing.md src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md src/unsafe-rust.md src/concurrency/welcome.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md src/concurrency/channels.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md src/concurrency/shared-state.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises.md src/concurrency/welcome-async.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async.md src/concurrency/async-control-flow.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls.md src/concurrency/async-exercises.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Duration"
|
|
msgstr "Dokumentationstests"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md src/control-flow-basics.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md src/generics.md src/std-types.md src/std-traits.md
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md src/smart-pointers.md src/lifetimes.md
|
|
#: src/iterators.md src/modules.md src/testing.md src/error-handling.md
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md src/concurrency/shared-state.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow.md src/concurrency/async-pitfalls.md
|
|
msgid "5 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md src/control-flow-basics.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
#: src/references.md src/user-defined-types.md src/methods-and-traits.md
|
|
#: src/modules.md src/concurrency/welcome.md src/concurrency/threads.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state.md
|
|
msgid "15 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "40 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid "45 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Day 1 Afternoon (2 hours and 35 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 2 Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "35 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md src/concurrency/welcome-async.md
|
|
msgid "55 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "50 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Day 2 Morning (2 hours, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 2 Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/hello-world.md
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md src/control-flow-basics.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
#: src/references.md src/welcome-day-2.md src/methods-and-traits.md
|
|
#: src/std-types.md src/welcome-day-3.md src/borrowing.md src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#: src/iterators.md src/modules.md src/testing.md src/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "3 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Day 2 Afternoon (3 hours and 15 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 2 Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
msgid "1 hour"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome.md src/concurrency/welcome-async.md
|
|
msgid "1 hour and 10 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Day 3 Morning (2 hours and 20 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 2 Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Day 3 Afternoon (1 hour and 55 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 2 Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Day 4 Morning (2 hours and 50 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 2 Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Day 4 Afternoon (2 hours and 10 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 2 Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "1 hour and 5 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Deep Dives"
|
|
msgstr "Vertiefungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition to the 4-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more "
|
|
"specialized topics:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Zusätzlich zu den Rust-Grundlagen behandeln wir noch einiges mehr Spezialthemen "
|
|
"nach Tag 3:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust in Android"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen zu Tag 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Rust in Android](../android.md) deep dive is a half-day course on using "
|
|
"Rust for Android platform development. This includes interoperability with C, C+"
|
|
"+, and Java."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der [Android Deep Dive](../android.md) ist ein halbtägiger Kurs zur Verwendung "
|
|
"von Rust für Entwicklung der Android-Plattform. Dazu gehört die "
|
|
"Interoperabilität mit C, C++ und Java."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need an [AOSP checkout](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/download/"
|
|
"downloading). Make a checkout of the [course repository](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust) on the same machine and move the `src/android/` "
|
|
"directory into the root of your AOSP checkout. This will ensure that the "
|
|
"Android build system sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Du wirst eine lokale Arbeitskopie von [AOSP](https://source.android.com/docs/"
|
|
"setup/download/downloading) benötigen. Mache eine Arbeitskopie des [Kurses]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) auf deinem Laptop und "
|
|
"verschiebe das Verzeichnis `src/android/` in das Stammverzeichnis Deiner AOSP "
|
|
"Arbeitskopie. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass das Android-Buildsystem die "
|
|
"`Android.bp`\\-Dateien in `src/android/` sehen kann."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build "
|
|
"all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to see "
|
|
"the commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Stelle sicher, dass `adb sync` auf deinem Emulator oder Rechner funktioniert. "
|
|
"Erstelle bereits vor dem Kurs alle Android-Beispiele mit `src/android/build_all."
|
|
"sh`. Schaue auch in das Skript rein und probiere aus, ob alle Befehle, die es "
|
|
"ausführt auch von Hand ausgeführt funktionieren."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust in Chromium"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen zu Tag 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Rust in Chromium](../chromium.md) deep dive is a half-day course on using "
|
|
"Rust as part of the Chromium browser. It includes using Rust in Chromium's `gn` "
|
|
"build system, bringing in third-party libraries (\"crates\") and C++ "
|
|
"interoperability."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need to be able to build Chromium --- a debug, component build is "
|
|
"[recommended](../chromium/setup.md) for speed but any build will work. Ensure "
|
|
"that you can run the Chromium browser that you've built."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Bare-Metal Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Bare-Metal"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Bare-Metal Rust](../bare-metal.md) deep dive is a full day class on using "
|
|
"Rust for bare-metal (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and "
|
|
"application processors are covered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der [Bare-Metal Deep Dive](../bare-metal.md): ein ganztägiger Kurs über die "
|
|
"Verwendung von Rust für Bare-Metal-Entwicklung (eingebettet). Sowohl "
|
|
"Mikrocontroller als auch Anwendungen Prozessoren sind abgedeckt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the microcontroller part, you will need to buy the [BBC micro:bit](https://"
|
|
"microbit.org/) v2 development board ahead of time. Everybody will need to "
|
|
"install a number of packages as described on the [welcome page](../bare-metal."
|
|
"md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Für den Mikrocontroller-Teil solltest Du das [BBC micro:bit](https://microbit."
|
|
"org/) v2-Entwicklungsboard im Voraus kaufen. Alle müssen eine Reihe von Paketen "
|
|
"installieren, wie auf der [Willkommens Seite](../bare-metal.md) beschrieben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Concurrency in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen bei Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Concurrency in Rust](../concurrency/welcome.md) deep dive is a full day "
|
|
"class on classical as well as `async`/`await` concurrency."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der [Nebensläufgkeitsvertiefung](../concurrency.md) ist ein ganztägiger Kurs "
|
|
"zur klassischen sowie „async“/„await“-Parallelität."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need a fresh crate set up and the dependencies downloaded and ready to "
|
|
"go. You can then copy/paste the examples into `src/main.rs` to experiment with "
|
|
"them:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Du solltest eine neue Kiste (crate) einrichten und die Abhängigkeiten "
|
|
"(dependencies) herunterladen und einsatzbereit machen. Anschließend kannst Du "
|
|
"die Beispiele kopieren und in `src/main.rs` einfügen, um damit zu "
|
|
"experimentieren:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Morning (3 hours and 20 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 2 Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/std-traits.md
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md src/lifetimes.md src/iterators.md src/testing.md
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md src/concurrency/welcome.md src/concurrency/sync-exercises.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome-async.md src/concurrency/async-exercises.md
|
|
msgid "30 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/pattern-matching.md
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md src/std-types.md src/memory-management.md
|
|
#: src/borrowing.md src/error-handling.md src/concurrency/welcome.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises.md src/concurrency/welcome-async.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls.md src/concurrency/async-exercises.md
|
|
msgid "20 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md src/concurrency/welcome.md
|
|
msgid "Send and Sync"
|
|
msgstr "Send und Sync"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Afternoon (3 hours and 20 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 2 Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Format"
|
|
msgstr "Format"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the "
|
|
"questions drive the exploration of Rust!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der Kurs soll sehr interaktiv ablaufen und wir empfehlen, durch Fragen die "
|
|
"Erkundung von Rust voranzutreiben!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
|
|
msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:"
|
|
msgstr "Es gibt mehrere nützliche Tastaturkürzel in mdBook:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "<kbd>Arrow-Left</kbd>: Navigate to the previous page."
|
|
msgstr ": Zur vorherigen Seite navigieren."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "<kbd>Arrow-Right</kbd>: Navigate to the next page."
|
|
msgstr ": Zur nächsten Seite navigieren."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "<kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd>: Execute the code sample that has focus."
|
|
msgstr ": Führe das Codebeispiel aus, das aktuell den Fokus hat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "<kbd>s</kbd>: Activate the search bar."
|
|
msgstr ": Suchleiste aktivieren."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful "
|
|
"volunteers:"
|
|
msgstr "Der Kurs wurde auch in andere Sprachen übersetzt:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Brazilian Portuguese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) by "
|
|
"[@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://github.com/"
|
|
"hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes), and [@henrif75]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/henrif75)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Brasilianisches Portugiesisch](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-"
|
|
"BR/) von [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer) und [@hugojacob](https://"
|
|
"github.com/hugojacob)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Chinese (Simplified)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-CN/) by "
|
|
"[@suetfei](https://github.com/suetfei), [@wnghl](https://github.com/wnghl), "
|
|
"[@anlunx](https://github.com/anlunx), [@kongy](https://github.com/kongy), "
|
|
"[@noahdragon](https://github.com/noahdragon), [@superwhd](https://github.com/"
|
|
"superwhd), @SketchK, and [@nodmp](https://github.com/nodmp)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Koreanisch](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) von [@keispace]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) und "
|
|
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Chinese (Traditional)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-TW/) by "
|
|
"[@hueich](https://github.com/hueich), [@victorhsieh](https://github.com/"
|
|
"victorhsieh), [@mingyc](https://github.com/mingyc), [@kuanhungchen](https://"
|
|
"github.com/kuanhungchen), and [@johnathan79717](https://github.com/"
|
|
"johnathan79717)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Koreanisch](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) von [@keispace]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) und "
|
|
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Farsi](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fa/) by [@DannyRavi]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/DannyRavi), [@javad-jafari](https://github.com/javad-"
|
|
"jafari), [@Alix1383](https://github.com/alix1383), [@moaminsharifi](https://"
|
|
"github.com/moaminsharifi) , [@hamidrezakp](https://github.com/hamidrezakp) and "
|
|
"[@mehrad77](https://github.com/mehrad77)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Koreanisch](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) von [@keispace]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) und "
|
|
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Japanese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) by [@CoinEZ-JPN]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/CoinEZ), [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/momotaro1105), "
|
|
"[@HidenoriKobayashi](https://github.com/HidenoriKobayashi) and [@kantasv]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/kantasv)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Brasilianisches Portugiesisch](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-"
|
|
"BR/) von [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer) und [@hugojacob](https://"
|
|
"github.com/hugojacob)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Korean](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) by [@keispace]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp), "
|
|
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan), and [@namhyung](https://github."
|
|
"com/namhyung)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Koreanisch](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) von [@keispace]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) und "
|
|
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Spanish](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/es/) by [@deavid](https://"
|
|
"github.com/deavid)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Brasilianisches Portugiesisch](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-"
|
|
"BR/) von [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer) und [@hugojacob](https://"
|
|
"github.com/hugojacob)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Ukrainian](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/uk/) by [@git-user-cpp]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/git-user-cpp), [@yaremam](https://github.com/yaremam) and "
|
|
"[@reta](https://github.com/reta)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Koreanisch](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) von [@keispace]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) und "
|
|
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages."
|
|
msgstr "Benutze die Sprachenauswahl oben rechts, um die Sprache zu wechseln."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid "Incomplete Translations"
|
|
msgstr "Angefangene Übersetzungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There is a large number of in-progress translations. We link to the most "
|
|
"recently updated translations:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Arabic](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ar/) by [@younies](https://"
|
|
"github.com/younies)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Brasilianisches Portugiesisch](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-"
|
|
"BR/) von [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer) und [@hugojacob](https://"
|
|
"github.com/hugojacob)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Bengali](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) by [@raselmandol]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/raselmandol)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Brasilianisches Portugiesisch](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-"
|
|
"BR/) von [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer) und [@hugojacob](https://"
|
|
"github.com/hugojacob)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[French](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) by [@KookaS](https://"
|
|
"github.com/KookaS), [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen) and [@AdrienBaudemont]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/AdrienBaudemont)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Koreanisch](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) von [@keispace]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) und "
|
|
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[German](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) by [@Throvn](https://"
|
|
"github.com/Throvn) and [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Italian](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/it/) by [@henrythebuilder]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/henrythebuilder) and [@detro](https://github.com/detro)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Brasilianisches Portugiesisch](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-"
|
|
"BR/) von [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer) und [@hugojacob](https://"
|
|
"github.com/hugojacob)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The full list of translations with their current status is also available "
|
|
"either [as of their last update](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/"
|
|
"translation-report.html) or [synced to the latest version of the course]"
|
|
"(https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/synced-translation-report.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) for how to get "
|
|
"going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn du uns hierbei unterstützen möchtest, lies dir bitte [unsere Anweisungen]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) durch. "
|
|
"Übersetzungen werden mit dem [Issue-Tracker](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/issues/282) koordiniert."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool used in the Rust ecosystem to build and run "
|
|
"Rust applications. Here we want to give a brief overview of what Cargo is and "
|
|
"how it fits into the wider ecosystem and how it fits into this training."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn du anfängst über Rust zu lesen, wirst du sehr bald [Cargo](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/cargo/), ein Standardwerkzeug, welches im Rust-Ökosystem "
|
|
"verwendet wird, um Rust-Anwendungen zu erstellen und auszuführen, "
|
|
"kennenlernen. Hier wollen wir einen kurzen Überblick geben, was Cargo ist und "
|
|
"wie es in das breitere Ökosystem und in dieses Training passt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Installation"
|
|
msgstr "Installation"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "**Please follow the instructions on <https://rustup.rs/>.**"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This will give you the Cargo build tool (`cargo`) and the Rust compiler "
|
|
"(`rustc`). You will also get `rustup`, a command line utility that you can use "
|
|
"to install to different compiler versions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Neben cargo und rustc installiert sich rustup selbst als Befehlszeilenprogramm, "
|
|
"mit welchem du Toolchains installieren/wechseln, oder cross-Kompilierung "
|
|
"einrichten kannst."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After installing Rust, you should configure your editor or IDE to work with "
|
|
"Rust. Most editors do this by talking to [rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer."
|
|
"github.io/), which provides auto-completion and jump-to-definition "
|
|
"functionality for [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/), [Emacs](https://"
|
|
"rust-analyzer.github.io/manual.html#emacs), [Vim/Neovim](https://rust-analyzer."
|
|
"github.io/manual.html#vimneovim), and many others. There is also a different "
|
|
"IDE available called [RustRover](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"On Debian/Ubuntu, you can also install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust "
|
|
"formatter](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) via `apt`. However, this gets "
|
|
"you an outdated Rust version and may lead to unexpected behavior. The command "
|
|
"would be:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Auf Debian/Ubuntu kannst du Cargo und den Rust Quellcode wie folgt installieren"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"On macOS, you can use [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/) to install Rust, but this "
|
|
"may provide an outdated version. Therefore, it is recommended to install Rust "
|
|
"from the official site."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid "The Rust Ecosystem"
|
|
msgstr "Das Rust-Ökosystem"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Rust-Ökosystem besteht aus einer Reihe von Werkzeugen, von denen die "
|
|
"wichtigsten die Folgenden sind:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other "
|
|
"intermediate formats."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`rustc`: der Rust-Compiler, der `.rs`\\-Dateien in Binärdateien und andere "
|
|
"Zwischenformate umwandelt"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to "
|
|
"download dependencies, usually hosted on <https://crates.io>, and it will pass "
|
|
"them to `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a built-in "
|
|
"test runner which is used to execute unit tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`cargo`: der Rust-Abhängigkeitsmanager (Dependency manager) und das Bauwerkzeug "
|
|
"(Build-Tool). Cargo weiß, wie die Abhängigkeiten heruntergeladen werden müssen, "
|
|
"die auf <https://crates.io> gehostet werden, und übergibt sie an `rustc` beim "
|
|
"Erstellen Ihres Projekts. Cargo verfügt außerdem über einen integrierten "
|
|
"Testausführer, der zum Ausführen von Unit-Tests verwendet wird."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to "
|
|
"install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust are released. "
|
|
"In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the standard library. "
|
|
"You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once and `rustup` will let "
|
|
"you switch between them as needed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
#: src/references/exclusive.md src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md src/android/setup.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/async-await.md
|
|
msgid "Key points:"
|
|
msgstr "Schlüsselpunkte:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out every six "
|
|
"weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with old releases --- plus "
|
|
"they enable new functionality."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust hat einen schnellen Veröffentlichungsplan. Alle sechs Wochen wird eine "
|
|
"neue Version veröffentlicht. Neue Versionen bleiben rückwärtskompatibel mit "
|
|
"älteren Versionen und fügen neue Funktionen hinzu."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid "There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"."
|
|
msgstr "Es gibt drei Veröffentlichungskanäle: „stable“, „beta“ und „nightly“."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes "
|
|
"\"stable\" every six weeks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Neue Funktionen werden in „nightly“ getestet. „Beta“ wird alle sechs Wochen "
|
|
"„stabil“."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Dependencies can also be resolved from alternative [registries](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html), git, folders, and more."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust also has [editions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): the current "
|
|
"edition is Rust 2021. Previous editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust hat auch \\[Editionen\\]: Die aktuelle Edition ist Rust 2021. Vorherige "
|
|
"Editionen waren Rust 2015 und Rust 2018."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to the language."
|
|
msgstr "Editionen dürfen rückwärtsinkompatible Änderungen vornehmen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the edition for your "
|
|
"crate via the `Cargo.toml` file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Um zu verhindern, dass Code nicht kaputt geht, sind Editionen optional: Du "
|
|
"wählst ihre Edition für deine Kiste (crate) in der Datei `Cargo.toml`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code written for "
|
|
"different editions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Um eine Aufspaltung des Ökosystems zu vermeiden, können Rust-Compiler Code der "
|
|
"für verschiedene Editionen geschrieben wurde vermischen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through "
|
|
"`cargo` (most users never do)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Erwähne, dass es ziemlich selten vorkommt, dass der Compiler jemals direkt und "
|
|
"nicht über `cargo` verwendet wird (die meisten Benutzer tun dies nie)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and "
|
|
"comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but not "
|
|
"limited to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es könnte erwähnenswert sein, dass Cargo selbst ein äußerst leistungsstarkes "
|
|
"und umfassendes Tool ist. Es verfügt über viele erweiterte Funktionen, "
|
|
"einschließlich, aber nicht beschränkt auf:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid "Project/package structure"
|
|
msgstr "Projekt-/Paketstruktur"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid "[workspaces](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)"
|
|
msgstr "\\[Arbeitsbereiche\\]"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid "Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Verwaltung/Caching von Entwicklungsabhängigkeiten und Laufzeitabhängigkeiten"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[build scripting](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html)"
|
|
msgstr "\\[Build-Skripting\\]"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[global installation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install."
|
|
"html)"
|
|
msgstr "\\[globale Installation\\]"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo clippy]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es ist auch mit Unterbefehls-Plugins erweiterbar (z. B. [cargo clippy](https://"
|
|
"github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid "Read more from the [official Cargo Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)"
|
|
msgstr "Lese mehr aus dem \\[offiziellen Cargo Buch\\]"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid "Code Samples in This Training"
|
|
msgstr "Codebeispiele in diesem Training"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through examples "
|
|
"which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier "
|
|
"and ensures a consistent experience for everyone."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"In diesem Training werden wir die Rust-Sprache hauptsächlich anhand von "
|
|
"Beispielen erkunden die über Ihren Browser ausgeführt werden können. Dies "
|
|
"erleichtert die Einrichtung erheblich und sorgt für ein konsistentes Erlebnis."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do the "
|
|
"exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you how to "
|
|
"work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die Installation von Cargo wird dennoch empfohlen: Es wird Dir die Bearbeitung "
|
|
"der Übungen erleichtern. Am letzten Tag werden wir eine größere Übung machen, "
|
|
"die zeigt, wie Du mit Abhängigkeiten (dependencies) arbeitest und dafür "
|
|
"benötigst Du Cargo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:"
|
|
msgstr "Die Codeblöcke in diesem Kurs sind vollständig interaktiv:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid "\"Edit me!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use <kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd> to execute the code when focus is in the "
|
|
"text box."
|
|
msgstr " verwenden, um den Code auszuführen, wenn der Fokus auf dem Textfeld ist."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples are not "
|
|
"editable for various reasons:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die meisten Codebeispiele können wie oben gezeigt bearbeitet werden. Ein paar "
|
|
"Codebeispiele sind aus verschiedenen Gründen nicht editierbar:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the code and "
|
|
"open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die eingebetteten Testumgebungen (embedded Playgrounds) können keine Unit-Tests "
|
|
"durchführen. Kopiere die Datei und füge den Code in der echten Testumgebung "
|
|
"ein, um Unit-Tests zu demonstrieren."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate away from the "
|
|
"page! This is the reason that the students should solve the exercises using a "
|
|
"local Rust installation or via the Playground."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die eingebetteten Testumgebungen verlieren ihren Zustand, sobald Du von der "
|
|
"Seite weg navigierst! Aus diesem Grund sollten die Schüler die Übungen mit "
|
|
"einer lokalen Rust-Installation oder in der lokalen Testumgebung lösen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid "Running Code Locally with Cargo"
|
|
msgstr "Code lokal mit Cargo ausführen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will need "
|
|
"to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the Rust Book]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). This should give "
|
|
"you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time of writing, the latest stable "
|
|
"Rust release has these version numbers:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn Du mit dem Code auf Deinem eigenen System experimentieren möchten, "
|
|
"solltest Du zuerst Rust installieren. Befolge dazu die \\[Anweisungen in dem "
|
|
"Rust Buch 1\\]. Dies sollte ein funktionierendes `rustc` und `cargo` "
|
|
"hervorbringen. Zum Verfassungszeitpunkt hat die neueste stabile Rust-Version "
|
|
"folgende Versionsnummer:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use any later version too since Rust maintains backwards compatibility."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one of the "
|
|
"examples in this training:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn dies vorhanden ist, befolge die folgenden Schritte, um eine Rust-"
|
|
"Binärdatei aus einem Beispiel zu erstellen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid "Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Klicke bei dem Beispiel, dass Du kopieren möchtest, auf die Schaltfläche „In "
|
|
"die Zwischenablage kopieren“."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Verwende `cargo new exercise`, um ein neues `exercise/`\\-Verzeichnis für "
|
|
"Deinen Code zu erstellen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Navigiere zu `exercise/` und verwende \\`cargo run, um eine Binärdatei zu "
|
|
"erstellen und auszuführen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For example, "
|
|
"using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ersetze den Platzhalter-Code in `src/main.rs` durch eigenen Code. Verwende "
|
|
"beispielsweise das Beispiel auf der vorherigen Seite und lasse `src/main.rs` so "
|
|
"aussehen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid "Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Verwende `cargo run`, um die neue Binärdatei zu erstellen und auszuführen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo build` "
|
|
"to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/debug/` "
|
|
"for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an optimized "
|
|
"release build in `target/release/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Verwende `cargo check`, um Dein Projekt schnell auf Fehler zu überprüfen, und "
|
|
"verwende `cargo build`, um es zu kompilieren, ohne es auszuführen. Du findest "
|
|
"die Ausgabe in `target/debug/` für einen normalen Debug-Build. Verwende `cargo "
|
|
"build --release`, um einen optimierten Release-Build in `target/release/` zu "
|
|
"erstellen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you run "
|
|
"`cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing "
|
|
"dependencies for you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Du kannst Abhängigkeiten (dependencies) zu Deinem Projekt hinzufügen, indem Du "
|
|
"`Cargo.toml` bearbeitest. Wenn Du `cargo`\\-Befehle ausführst, werden fehlende "
|
|
"Abhängigkeiten automatisch heruntergeladen und für Dich kompiliert."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a local "
|
|
"editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a normal "
|
|
"development environment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Versuche, die Kursteilnehmer zu ermutigen, Cargo zu installieren und einen "
|
|
"lokalen Texteditor zu verwenden Es wird Dein Leben einfacher machen, wenn alle "
|
|
"eine lokale Entwicklungsumgebung haben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 1"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen zu Tag 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the first day of Rust Fundamentals. We will cover a lot of ground today:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dies ist der erste Tag von Comprehensive Rust. Heute werden wir viel behandeln:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs, "
|
|
"references, functions, and methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Grundlegende Rust-Syntax: Variablen, Skalar- und zusammengesetzte Typen (scalar-"
|
|
"types, union-types) , Aufzählungen (enums), Strukturen (structs), Referenzen "
|
|
"(references), Funktionen (functions) und Methoden (methods)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Types and type inference."
|
|
msgstr "Typinferenz"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "Control flow constructs: loops, conditionals, and so on."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "User-defined types: structs and enums."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md src/welcome-day-2.md src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md src/concurrency/welcome.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome-async.md
|
|
msgid "Schedule"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 10 "
|
|
"minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "Please remind the students that:"
|
|
msgstr "Bitte erinnere die Kursteilnehmer daran:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie sollten Fragen stellen, sobald ihnen welche einfallen, und nicht bis zum "
|
|
"Ende warten."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much encouraged!"
|
|
msgstr "Der Unterricht soll interaktiv sein und Diskussionen sind erwünscht!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i.e., keep "
|
|
"the discussions related to how Rust does things vs some other language. It can "
|
|
"be hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of allowing discussions "
|
|
"since they engage people much more than one-way communication."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Als Dozent sollten Sie versuchen, die Diskussionen relevant zu halten, d. h. "
|
|
"Behalten Sie den Bezug dazu bei, wie Rust Dinge im Vergleich zu einer anderen "
|
|
"Sprache tut. Es kann schwer sein, die richtige Balance zu finden, aber lassen "
|
|
"Sie lieber Diskussionen zu, um Kursteilnehmer einzubeziehen und lange Monologe "
|
|
"zu vermeiden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the slides."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Bei Fragen wird es wahrscheinlich dazu kommen, dass wir über die Dinge vor den "
|
|
"eigentlichen Folien sprechen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. Remember "
|
|
"that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as you like."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das ist vollkommen in Ordnung! Wiederholung ist ein wichtiger Teil des Lernens. "
|
|
"Die Folien sind nur eine Unterstützung und Sie können sie nach Belieben "
|
|
"überspringen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The idea for the first day is to show the \"basic\" things in Rust that should "
|
|
"have immediate parallels in other languages. The more advanced parts of Rust "
|
|
"come on the subsequent days."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the "
|
|
"schedule. Note that there is an exercise at the end of each segment, followed "
|
|
"by a break. Plan to cover the exercise solution after the break. The times "
|
|
"listed here are a suggestion in order to keep the course on schedule. Feel free "
|
|
"to be flexible and adjust as necessary!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 15 minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md src/types-and-values.md src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md src/references.md src/user-defined-types.md
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md src/methods-and-traits.md src/generics.md
|
|
#: src/std-types.md src/std-traits.md src/memory-management.md
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md src/borrowing.md src/lifetimes.md src/iterators.md
|
|
#: src/modules.md src/testing.md src/error-handling.md src/unsafe-rust.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md src/concurrency/channels.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md src/concurrency/shared-state.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises.md src/concurrency/async.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow.md src/concurrency/async-pitfalls.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises.md
|
|
msgid "Slide"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md src/references.md src/user-defined-types.md
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md src/methods-and-traits.md src/generics.md
|
|
#: src/std-types.md src/std-traits.md src/memory-management.md
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md src/borrowing.md src/lifetimes.md src/modules.md
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md src/concurrency/channels.md src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state.md src/concurrency/async.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow.md src/concurrency/async-pitfalls.md
|
|
msgid "10 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md src/control-flow-basics.md src/user-defined-types.md
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md src/concurrency/channels.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
msgid "2 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015](https://"
|
|
"blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):"
|
|
msgstr "Rust ist eine neue Programmiersprache, die 2015 ihre Version 1.0 hatte:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust ist eine statisch kompilierte Sprache in einer ähnlichen Rolle wie C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "`rustc` uses LLVM as its backend."
|
|
msgstr "`rustc` verwendet LLVM als Backend."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust supports many [platforms and architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust unterstützt viele \\[Plattformen und Architekturen\\] (https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..."
|
|
msgstr "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..."
|
|
msgstr "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "Rust is used for a wide range of devices:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust wird für eine Vielzahl von Geräten verwendet:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "firmware and boot loaders,"
|
|
msgstr "Firmware und Bootloader,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "smart displays,"
|
|
msgstr "intelligente Displays,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "mobile phones,"
|
|
msgstr "Mobiltelefone,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "desktops,"
|
|
msgstr "Desktops,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "servers."
|
|
msgstr "Server."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust passt in den gleichen Bereich wie C++:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "High flexibility."
|
|
msgstr "Hohe Flexibilität."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "High level of control."
|
|
msgstr "Hohes Maß an Kontrolle."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Can be scaled down to very constrained devices such as microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Kann auf sehr eingeschränkte Geräte wie Mobiltelefone herunterskaliert werden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "Has no runtime or garbage collection."
|
|
msgstr "Hat keine Laufzeit oder Speicherbereinigung (garbage collection)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Konzentriert sich auf Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit ohne Leistungseinbußen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Einige Alleinstellungsmerkmale von Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Compile time memory safety_ - whole classes of memory bugs are prevented at "
|
|
"compile time"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No uninitialized variables."
|
|
msgstr "Keine nicht initialisierten (uninitialized) Variablen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No double-frees."
|
|
msgstr "Keine Doppelbefreiungen (double-frees)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No use-after-free."
|
|
msgstr "Keine Nachnutzung (use-after-free)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No `NULL` pointers."
|
|
msgstr "Keine `NULL`\\-Zeiger (null Pointer)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No forgotten locked mutexes."
|
|
msgstr "Keine vergessenen gesperrten Mutexe."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No data races between threads."
|
|
msgstr "Keine Datenrennen (data races) zwischen Ausführungssträngen (threads)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No iterator invalidation."
|
|
msgstr "Keine Invalidierung des Iterators."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_No undefined runtime behavior_ - what a Rust statement does is never left "
|
|
"unspecified"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Array access is bounds checked."
|
|
msgstr "Der Array-Zugriff wird auf Grenzen geprüft."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Integer overflow is defined (panic or wrap-around)."
|
|
msgstr "Ganzzahlüberlauf ist definiert."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Modern language features_ - as expressive and ergonomic as higher-level "
|
|
"languages"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Enums and pattern matching."
|
|
msgstr "Enums und Musterabgleich (pattern matching)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Generics."
|
|
msgstr "Generika."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No overhead FFI."
|
|
msgstr "Kein Overhead-FFI."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Zero-cost abstractions."
|
|
msgstr "Nullkosten-Abstraktionen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Great compiler errors."
|
|
msgstr "Gute Compiler-Fehler."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Built-in dependency manager."
|
|
msgstr "Eingebauter Paketmanager."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Built-in support for testing."
|
|
msgstr "Eingebaute Unterstützung für Tests."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Excellent Language Server Protocol support."
|
|
msgstr "Hervorragende Unterstützung des Language Server Protokolls."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Do not spend much time here. All of these points will be covered in more depth "
|
|
"later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. Depending "
|
|
"on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Frage den Kurs unbedingt, mit welchen Programmiersprachen sie Erfahrung haben. "
|
|
"Abhängig von der Antwort kannst Du verschiedene Funktionen von Rust hervorheben:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_ via "
|
|
"the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't have "
|
|
"the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with "
|
|
"constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Erfahrung mit C oder C++: Rust eliminiert eine ganze Klasse von "
|
|
"_Laufzeitfehlern (runtime Errors)_ über den Ausleihenprüfer (borrow checker). "
|
|
"Du erhältst eine ähnliche Leistung wie in C und C++, aber hast keine Probleme "
|
|
"mit der Speicherunsicherheit. Darüber hinaus erhältst Du eine moderne Sprache "
|
|
"mit Konstrukten wie Mustervergleich (Pattern matching) und integriertes "
|
|
"Abhängigkeitsmanagement (dependency management)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory safety "
|
|
"as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In addition "
|
|
"you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage collector) "
|
|
"as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Erfahrung mit Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: Du erhältst die gleiche "
|
|
"Speichersicherheit wie in diesen Sprachen, dazu ein ähnlich hohes Sprachgefühl. "
|
|
"Zusätzlich erhältst Du eine schnelle und vorhersehbare Leistung wie in C und C+"
|
|
"+ (keine Speicherbereinigung (garbage collector)) sowie Zugriff auf Low-Level-"
|
|
"Hardware (falls benötigt)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) provides an easy way to run "
|
|
"short Rust programs, and is the basis for the examples and exercises in this "
|
|
"course. Try running the \"hello-world\" program it starts with. It comes with a "
|
|
"few handy features:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Under \"Tools\", use the `rustfmt` option to format your code in the "
|
|
"\"standard\" way."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has two main \"profiles\" for generating code: Debug (extra runtime "
|
|
"checks, less optimization) and Release (fewer runtime checks, lots of "
|
|
"optimization). These are accessible under \"Debug\" at the top."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you're interested, use \"ASM\" under \"...\" to see the generated assembly "
|
|
"code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As students head into the break, encourage them to open up the playground and "
|
|
"experiment a little. Encourage them to keep the tab open and try things out "
|
|
"during the rest of the course. This is particularly helpful for advanced "
|
|
"students who want to know more about Rust's optimizations or generated assembly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 40 minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World "
|
|
"program:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Lasst uns in das einfachste Rust-Programm einsteigen, ein klassisches Hallo "
|
|
"Welt Programm:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hello 🌍!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "What you see:"
|
|
msgstr "Du siehst:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "Functions are introduced with `fn`."
|
|
msgstr "Funktionen beginnen mit `fn`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++."
|
|
msgstr "Blöcke werden wie in C und C++ durch geschweifte Klammern getrennt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "The `main` function is the entry point of the program."
|
|
msgstr "Die `main`\\-Funktion ist der Einstiegspunkt des Programms."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust hat hygienische (hygienic) Makros, `println!` ist ein Beispiel dafür."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust-Strings sind UTF-8-codiert und können beliebige Unicode-Zeichen enthalten."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will see "
|
|
"a ton of it over the next four days so we start small with something familiar."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Diese Folie versucht, die Schüler mit Rust-Code vertraut zu machen. Sie werden "
|
|
"viel davon in den nächsten vier Tagen sehen, also fangen wir klein und mit "
|
|
"etwas Vertrautem an."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is "
|
|
"imperative and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless absolutely necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust ist anderen Sprachen in der C/C++/Java-Tradition sehr ähnlich. Es ist "
|
|
"Imperativ (nicht funktional) und es wird nicht versucht, Dinge neu zu erfinden, "
|
|
"es sei denn es ist absolut notwendig."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode."
|
|
msgstr "Rust ist modern und unterstützt Dinge wie Unicode vollständig."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of "
|
|
"arguments (no function [overloading](../control-flow-basics/functions.md))."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust verwendet Makros für Situationen, in denen Du eine variable Anzahl von "
|
|
"Argumenten haben möchtest (keine [Funktionüberladung](basic-syntax/functions-"
|
|
"interlude.md))."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers from "
|
|
"the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only [partially hygienic]"
|
|
"(https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Makros sind „hygienisch“, was bedeutet, dass sie nicht versehentlich "
|
|
"Identifikatoren in ihrem Umfang (scope) in dem sie verwendet werden erfassen "
|
|
"Rust-Makros sind eigentlich nur [teilweise hygienisch](https://veykril.github."
|
|
"io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is multi-paradigm. For example, it has powerful [object-oriented "
|
|
"programming features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop.html), and, "
|
|
"while it is not a functional language, it includes a range of [functional "
|
|
"concepts](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-features.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are made with "
|
|
"`let`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust bietet Typsicherheit (type safety) durch statische Typisierung (static "
|
|
"typing). Bindungen an Variablen (variable bindings) sind standardmäßig "
|
|
"unveränderlich (immutable):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md src/control-flow-basics/loops/for.md
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid "\"x: {x}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// x = 20;\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Uncomment the `x = 20` to demonstrate that variables are immutable by default. "
|
|
"Add the `mut` keyword to allow changes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `i32` here is the type of the variable. This must be known at compile time, "
|
|
"but type inference (covered later) allows the programmer to omit it in many "
|
|
"cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here are some basic built-in types, and the syntax for literal values of each "
|
|
"type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Types"
|
|
msgstr "Typen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Literals"
|
|
msgstr "Literale"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Signed integers"
|
|
msgstr "Ganzzahlen mit Vorzeichen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`"
|
|
msgstr "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`"
|
|
msgstr "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123i64`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsigned integers"
|
|
msgstr "Ganzzahlen ohne Vorzeichen `u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`"
|
|
msgstr "`0`, `123`, `10u16`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`"
|
|
msgstr "Fließkommazahlen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Floating point numbers"
|
|
msgstr "`f32`, `f64`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`f32`, `f64`"
|
|
msgstr "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2f32`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`"
|
|
msgstr "Zeichenketten (Strings)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unicode scalar values"
|
|
msgstr "`char`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`char`"
|
|
msgstr "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`"
|
|
msgstr "Wahrheitswerte (booleans)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Booleans"
|
|
msgstr "`bool`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`bool`"
|
|
msgstr "`true`, `false`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`true`, `false`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "The types have widths as follows:"
|
|
msgstr "Die Typen haben folgende Breiten:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide,"
|
|
msgstr "`iN`, `uN` und `fN` sind _N_ Bits breit,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer,"
|
|
msgstr "`isize` und `usize` sind die Breite eines Zeigers,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`char` is 32 bits wide,"
|
|
msgstr "`char` ist 32 Bit breit,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`bool` is 8 bits wide."
|
|
msgstr "`bool` ist 8 Bit breit."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "There are a few syntaxes which are not shown above:"
|
|
msgstr "Es gibt einige Syntaxen, die oben nicht aufgeführt sind:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All underscores in numbers can be left out, they are for legibility only. So "
|
|
"`1_000` can be written as `1000` (or `10_00`), and `123_i64` can be written as "
|
|
"`123i64`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md
|
|
msgid "\"result: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the first time we've seen a function other than `main`, but the meaning "
|
|
"should be clear: it takes three integers, and returns an integer. Functions "
|
|
"will be covered in more detail later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md
|
|
msgid "Arithmetic is very similar to other languages, with similar precedence."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What about integer overflow? In C and C++ overflow of _signed_ integers is "
|
|
"actually undefined, and might do unknown things at runtime. In Rust, it's "
|
|
"defined."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Change the `i32`'s to `i16` to see an integer overflow, which panics (checked) "
|
|
"in a debug build and wraps in a release build. There are other options, such as "
|
|
"overflowing, saturating, and carrying. These are accessed with method syntax, e."
|
|
"g., `(a * b).saturating_add(b * c).saturating_add(c * a)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In fact, the compiler will detect overflow of constant expressions, which is "
|
|
"why the example requires a separate function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md
|
|
msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust wird sich ansehen, wie die Variable _benutzt_ wird, um den Typ zu "
|
|
"bestimmen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on constraints "
|
|
"given by variable declarations and usages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Diese Folie zeigt, wie der Rust-Compiler Typen basierend auf Einschränkungen "
|
|
"ableitet, die durch Variablendeklarationen und Verwendungen gegeben sind."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not of "
|
|
"some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can hold any data. The machine code "
|
|
"generated by such declaration is identical to the explicit declaration of a "
|
|
"type. The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es ist sehr wichtig zu betonen, dass auf diese Weise deklarierte Variablen "
|
|
"**nicht** von einem dynamischem \"beliebigen Typ\" sind, der beliebige Daten "
|
|
"enthalten kann. Der durch eine solche Deklaration erzeugte Maschinencode ist "
|
|
"identisch mit der expliziten Deklaration eines Typs. Der Compiler erledigt "
|
|
"lediglich die Arbeit für uns und hilft uns prägnanteren Code zu schreiben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When nothing constrains the type of an integer literal, Rust defaults to `i32`. "
|
|
"This sometimes appears as `{integer}` in error messages. Similarly, floating-"
|
|
"point literals default to `f64`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md
|
|
msgid "// ERROR: no implementation for `{float} == {integer}`\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Fibonacci sequence begins with `[0,1]`. For n>1, the n'th Fibonacci number "
|
|
"is calculated recursively as the sum of the n-1'th and n-2'th Fibonacci numbers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Write a function `fib(n)` that calculates the n'th Fibonacci number. When will "
|
|
"this function panic?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// The base case.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Implement this\""
|
|
msgstr "Implementierung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// The recursive case.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md src/types-and-values/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"fib({n}) = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md src/generics.md src/modules.md src/testing.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 45 minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "if Expressions"
|
|
msgstr "if-Ausdrücke"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md src/pattern-matching.md src/concurrency/async.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "4 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "match Expressions"
|
|
msgstr "match-Ausdrücke"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "break and continue"
|
|
msgstr "`break` und `continue`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
msgid "We will now cover the many kinds of flow control found in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most of this will be very familiar to what you have seen in other programming "
|
|
"languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Du kannst es Dir als `void` vorstellen, das Dir aus anderen Programmiersprachen "
|
|
"bekannt sein könnte."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/if.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`if` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "`if`\\-Ausdrücke"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/if.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You use [`if` expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-"
|
|
"expr.html#if-expressions) exactly like `if` statements in other languages:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/if.md
|
|
msgid "\"zero!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/if.md
|
|
msgid "\"biggish\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/if.md
|
|
msgid "\"huge\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/if.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each "
|
|
"block becomes the value of the `if` expression:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Darüber hinaus können Sie es als Ausdruck verwenden. Das macht dasselbe wie "
|
|
"oben:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/if.md
|
|
msgid "\"small\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/if.md
|
|
msgid "\"large\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/if.md
|
|
msgid "\"number size: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/if.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its "
|
|
"branch blocks must have the same type. Show what happens if you add `;` after "
|
|
"`\"small\"` in the second example."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/if.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `if` expression should be used in the same way as the other expressions. For "
|
|
"example, when it is used in a `let` statement, the statement must be terminated "
|
|
"with a `;` as well. Remove the `;` before `println!` to see the compiler error."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid "`match` can be used to check a value against one or more options:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"one\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"ten\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"one hundred\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"something else\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid "Like `if` expressions, `match` can also return a value;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"The value of {flag} is {val}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`match` arms are evaluated from top to bottom, and the first one that matches "
|
|
"has its corresponding body executed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There is no fall-through between cases the way that `switch` works in other "
|
|
"languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The body of a `match` arm can be a single expression or a block. Technically "
|
|
"this is the same thing, since blocks are also expressions, but students may not "
|
|
"fully understand that symmetry at this point."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`match` expressions need to be exhaustive, meaning they either need to cover "
|
|
"all possible values or they need to have a default case such as `_`. "
|
|
"Exhaustiveness is easiest to demonstrate with enums, but enums haven't been "
|
|
"introduced yet. Instead we demonstrate matching on a `bool`, which is the "
|
|
"simplest primitive type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide introduces `match` without talking about pattern matching, giving "
|
|
"students a chance to get familiar with the syntax without front-loading too "
|
|
"much information. We'll be talking about pattern matching in more detail "
|
|
"tomorrow, so try not to go into too much detail here."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md src/references/dangling.md
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md src/user-defined-types/static.md
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
#: src/iterators/motivation.md src/iterators/iterator.md src/iterators/helpers.md
|
|
#: src/iterators/collect.md src/modules/encapsulation.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "More to Explore"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To further motivate the usage of `match`, you can compare the examples to their "
|
|
"equivalents written with `if`. In the second case matching on a `bool` an `if "
|
|
"{} else {}` block is pretty similar. But in the first example that checks "
|
|
"multiple cases, a `match` expression can be more concise than `if {} else if {} "
|
|
"else if {} else`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/match.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`match` also supports match guards, which allow you to add an arbitrary logical "
|
|
"condition that will get evaluated to determine if the match arm should be "
|
|
"taken. However talking about match guards requires explaining about pattern "
|
|
"matching, which we're trying to avoid on this slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
msgid "There are three looping keywords in Rust: `while`, `loop`, and `for`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`while`"
|
|
msgstr "`while`\\-Ausdrücke"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr."
|
|
"html#predicate-loops) works much like in other languages, executing the loop "
|
|
"body as long as the condition is true."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wie bei `if` gibt es eine `while let`\\-Variante, die einen Wert wiederholt "
|
|
"testet gegen ein Muster:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
msgid "\"Final x: {x}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops/for.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) iterates over "
|
|
"ranges of values or the items in a collection:"
|
|
msgstr "`Drop` wird zum Definieren von Destruktoren verwendet."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops/for.md src/iterators/iterator.md
|
|
msgid "\"elem: {elem}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops/for.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Under the hood `for` loops use a concept called \"iterators\" to handle "
|
|
"iterating over different kinds of ranges/collections. Iterators will be "
|
|
"discussed in more detail later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops/for.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that the first `for` loop only iterates to `4`. Show the `1..=5` syntax "
|
|
"for an inclusive range."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops/loop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`loop` statement](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.loop.html) just "
|
|
"loops forever, until a `break`."
|
|
msgstr "`Drop` wird zum Definieren von Destruktoren verwendet."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops/loop.md
|
|
msgid "\"{i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops/loop.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `loop` statement works like a `while true` loop. Use it for things like "
|
|
"servers which will serve connections forever."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to immediately start the next iteration use [`continue`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to exit any kind of loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions). With `loop`, this "
|
|
"can take an optional expression that becomes the value of the `loop` expression."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md src/std-traits/exercise.md
|
|
#: src/std-traits/solution.md src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "\"{}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which can return a non-trivial "
|
|
"value. This is because it's guaranteed to only return at a `break` statement "
|
|
"(unlike `while` and `for` loops, which can also return when the condition "
|
|
"fails)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue/labels.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is used "
|
|
"to break out of nested loops:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn Sie eine Schleife vorzeitig verlassen möchten, verwenden Sie `break`, wenn "
|
|
"Sie sofort beginnen möchten Verwenden Sie für die nächste Iteration "
|
|
"\"Continue\". Sowohl `Continue` als auch `Break` können optional verwendet "
|
|
"werden Nehmen Sie ein Label-Argument, das zum Ausbrechen aus verschachtelten "
|
|
"Schleifen verwendet wird:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue/labels.md
|
|
msgid "\"elements searched: {elements_searched}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue/labels.md
|
|
msgid "Labeled break also works on arbitrary blocks, e.g."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue/labels.md
|
|
msgid "\"This line gets skipped\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid "Blocks"
|
|
msgstr "Blöcke"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A block in Rust contains a sequence of expressions, enclosed by braces `{}`. "
|
|
"Each block has a value and a type, which are those of the last expression of "
|
|
"the block:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ein Block in Rust hat einen Wert und einen Typ: Der Wert ist der letzte "
|
|
"Ausdruck der Block:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid "\"y: {y}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is `()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in "
|
|
"the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie können zeigen, wie sich der Wert des Blocks ändert, indem Sie die letzte "
|
|
"Zeile im Block ändern. Zum Beispiel das Hinzufügen/Entfernen eines Semikolons "
|
|
"oder die Verwendung eines `Return`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md
|
|
msgid "A variable's scope is limited to the enclosing block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from the "
|
|
"same scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie können Variablen verschatten (shadow), sowohl solche aus äußeren "
|
|
"Gültigkeitsbereichen (outer scopes) als auch Variablen aus dem gleichen "
|
|
"Gültigkeitsbereich:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md
|
|
msgid "\"before: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md src/generics/exercise.md
|
|
#: src/generics/solution.md src/std-traits/from-and-into.md
|
|
msgid "\"hello\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md
|
|
msgid "\"inner scope: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md
|
|
msgid "\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md
|
|
msgid "\"after: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show that a variable's scope is limited by adding a `b` in the inner block in "
|
|
"the last example, and then trying to access it outside that block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing both variables' "
|
|
"memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available under the same "
|
|
"name, depending where you use it in the code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Definition: Verschattung (shadowing) unterscheidet sich von Mutation, da nach "
|
|
"der Verschattung die Speicherplätze beider Variablen gleichzeitig existieren. "
|
|
"Beide Speicherplätze sind unter demselben Namen verfügbar, je nachdem, wo Sie "
|
|
"die Variablen im Code verwenden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A shadowing variable can have a different type."
|
|
msgstr "Eine Shadowing-Variable kann einen anderen Typ haben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes/scopes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values "
|
|
"after `.unwrap()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Shadowing sieht zunächst obskur aus, ist aber praktisch, um Werte nach `."
|
|
"unwrap()` festzuhalten."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some programming "
|
|
"languages), then a return type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Auf Deklarationsparameter folgt ein Typ (das Gegenteil einiger "
|
|
"Programmiersprachen) und dann ein Rückgabetyp."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return value. "
|
|
"Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression. The `return` keyword can be "
|
|
"used for early return, but the \"bare value\" form is idiomatic at the end of a "
|
|
"function (refactor `gcd` to use a `return`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der letzte Ausdruck in einem Funktionskörper (oder einem beliebigen Block) wird "
|
|
"zum Rückgabewert. Lasse einfach das `;` am Ende des Ausdrucks weg."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The "
|
|
"compiler will infer this if the return type is omitted."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Einige Funktionen haben keinen Rückgabewert und geben den `Einheitentyp` "
|
|
"(Unittyp) `()` zurück. Der Compiler schließt daraus, wenn der Rückgabetyp `-"
|
|
">()` weggelassen wird."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Overloading is not supported -- each function has a single implementation."
|
|
msgstr "Jede Funktion hat eine einzige Implementierung:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Always takes a fixed number of parameters. Default arguments are not supported. "
|
|
"Macros can be used to support variadic functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Always takes a single set of parameter types. These types can be generic, which "
|
|
"will be covered later."
|
|
msgstr "Akzeptiert immer einen einzelnen Satz von Parametertypen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Macros are expanded into Rust code during compilation, and can take a variable "
|
|
"number of arguments. They are distinguished by a `!` at the end. The Rust "
|
|
"standard library includes an assortment of useful macros."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`println!(format, ..)` prints a line to standard output, applying formatting "
|
|
"described in [`std::fmt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Überladen von Operatoren wird über Traits in `std::ops` implementiert:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`format!(format, ..)` works just like `println!` but returns the result as a "
|
|
"string."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid "`dbg!(expression)` logs the value of the expression and returns it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`todo!()` marks a bit of code as not-yet-implemented. If executed, it will "
|
|
"panic."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`unreachable!()` marks a bit of code as unreachable. If executed, it will panic."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid "\"{n}! = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The takeaway from this section is that these common conveniences exist, and how "
|
|
"to use them. Why they are defined as macros, and what they expand to, is not "
|
|
"especially critical."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course does not cover defining macros, but a later section will describe "
|
|
"use of derive macros."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Collatz Sequence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture) is "
|
|
"defined as follows, for an arbitrary n<sub>1</sub> greater than zero:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "If _n<sub>i</sub>_ is 1, then the sequence terminates at _n<sub>i</sub>_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "If _n<sub>i</sub>_ is even, then _n<sub>i+1</sub> = n<sub>i</sub> / 2_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "If _n<sub>i</sub>_ is odd, then _n<sub>i+1</sub> = 3 * n<sub>i</sub> + 1_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "For example, beginning with _n<sub>1</sub>_ = 3:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "3 is odd, so _n<sub>2</sub>_ = 3 * 3 + 1 = 10;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "10 is even, so _n<sub>3</sub>_ = 10 / 2 = 5;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "5 is odd, so _n<sub>4</sub>_ = 3 * 5 + 1 = 16;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "16 is even, so _n<sub>5</sub>_ = 16 / 2 = 8;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "8 is even, so _n<sub>6</sub>_ = 8 / 2 = 4;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "4 is even, so _n<sub>7</sub>_ = 4 / 2 = 2;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "2 is even, so _n<sub>8</sub>_ = 1; and"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "the sequence terminates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Write a function to calculate the length of the collatz sequence for a given "
|
|
"initial `n`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/control-flow-basics/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Determine the length of the collatz sequence beginning at `n`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/control-flow-basics/solution.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/scoped.md
|
|
msgid "\"Length: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome Back"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 35 "
|
|
"minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 35 minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We have seen how primitive types work in Rust. Now it's time for you to start "
|
|
"building new composite types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/arrays.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A value of the array type `[T; N]` holds `N` (a compile-time constant) elements "
|
|
"of the same type `T`. Note that the length of the array is _part of its type_, "
|
|
"which means that `[u8; 3]` and `[u8; 4]` are considered two different types. "
|
|
"Slices, which have a size determined at runtime, are covered later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Arrays haben Elemente desselben Typs `T` und der Länge `N`, was eine Konstante "
|
|
"zur Kompilierungszeit ist. Beachten Sie, dass die Länge des Arrays _Teil seines "
|
|
"Typs_ ist, was bedeutet, dass `[u8; 3]` und `[u8; 4]` als zwei verschiedene "
|
|
"Typen betrachtet werden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/arrays.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try accessing an out-of-bounds array element. Array accesses are checked at "
|
|
"runtime. Rust can usually optimize these checks away, and they can be avoided "
|
|
"using unsafe Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/arrays.md
|
|
msgid "We can use literals to assign values to arrays."
|
|
msgstr "Wir können Literale verwenden, um Arrays Werte zuzuweisen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/arrays.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `println!` macro asks for the debug implementation with the `?` format "
|
|
"parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug output. Types "
|
|
"such as integers and strings implement the default output, but arrays only "
|
|
"implement the debug output. This means that we must use debug output here."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"In der `main`\\-Funktion fragt die print-Anweisung mit dem Formatparameter `?` "
|
|
"nach der Debug-Implementierung: `{}` gibt die Standardausgabe aus, „{:?}“ gibt "
|
|
"die Debug-Ausgabe aus. Wir hätten auch `{a}` und `{a:?}` verwenden können, ohne "
|
|
"den Wert nach der Formatzeichenfolge anzugeben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/arrays.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be "
|
|
"easier to read."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Hinzufügen von `#`, z. B. `{a:#?}`, ruft ein „hübsches Druckformat“ (pretty "
|
|
"print) auf, das einfacher zu lesen ist."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples.md
|
|
msgid "Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length."
|
|
msgstr "Wie Arrays haben Tupel eine feste Länge."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples.md
|
|
msgid "Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tupel gruppieren Werte unterschiedlicher Typen zu einem zusammengesetzten Typ."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, e."
|
|
"g. `t.0`, `t.1`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Auf Felder eines Tupels kann durch einen Punkt gefolgt von dem Index des Werts "
|
|
"zugegriffen werden, z. B. „t.0“, „t.1“."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The empty tuple `()` is referred to as the \"unit type\" and signifies absence "
|
|
"of a return value, akin to `void` in other languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md
|
|
msgid "The `for` statement supports iterating over arrays (but not tuples)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This functionality uses the `IntoIterator` trait, but we haven't covered that "
|
|
"yet."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `assert_ne!` macro is new here. There are also `assert_eq!` and `assert!` "
|
|
"macros. These are always checked, while debug-only variants like `debug_assert!"
|
|
"` compile to nothing in release builds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When working with tuples and other structured values it's common to want to "
|
|
"extract the inner values into local variables. This can be done manually by "
|
|
"directly accessing the inner values:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"left: {left}, right: {right}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, Rust also supports using pattern matching to destructure a larger "
|
|
"value into its constituent parts:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The patterns used here are \"irrefutable\", meaning that the compiler can "
|
|
"statically verify that the value on the right of `=` has the same structure as "
|
|
"the pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A variable name is an irrefutable pattern that always matches any value, hence "
|
|
"why we can also use `let` to declare a single variable."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust also supports using patterns in conditionals, allowing for equality "
|
|
"comparison and destructuring to happen at the same time. This form of pattern "
|
|
"matching will be discussed in more detail later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Edit the examples above to show the compiler error when the pattern doesn't "
|
|
"match the value being matched on."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Arrays can contain other arrays:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "What is the type of this variable?"
|
|
msgstr "Was ist die Art von „Wort“ in jeder Schleife?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use an array such as the above to write a function `transpose` which will "
|
|
"transpose a matrix (turn rows into columns):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Verwende den obigen Code, um eine Funktion `pretty_print` zu schreiben, die "
|
|
"eine Matrix formatiert druckt und schreibe eine Funktion `transpose`, die eine "
|
|
"Matrix transponiert (Zeilen in Spalten umwandelt):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the "
|
|
"function. This function only operates on 3x3 matrices."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Kopiere den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und implementiere "
|
|
"die Funktionen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/borrowing/exercise.md
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md
|
|
msgid "//\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"matrix: {:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"transposed: {:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references.md src/smart-pointers.md src/borrowing.md src/iterators.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md src/concurrency/async-pitfalls.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 55 minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A reference provides a way to access another value without taking ownership of "
|
|
"the value, and is also called \"borrowing\". Shared references are read-only, "
|
|
"and the referenced data cannot change."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A shared reference to a type `T` has type `&T`. A reference value is made with "
|
|
"the `&` operator. The `*` operator \"dereferences\" a reference, yielding its "
|
|
"value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid "References can never be null in Rust, so null checking is not necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to, and this is a good "
|
|
"model for students not familiar with pointers: code can use the reference to "
|
|
"access the value, but is still \"owned\" by the original variable. The course "
|
|
"will get into more detail on ownership in day 3."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"References are implemented as pointers, and a key advantage is that they can be "
|
|
"much smaller than the thing they point to. Students familiar with C or C++ will "
|
|
"recognize references as pointers. Later parts of the course will cover how Rust "
|
|
"prevents the memory-safety bugs that come from using raw pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust does not automatically create references for you - the `&` is always "
|
|
"required."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking methods "
|
|
"(try `r.is_ascii()`). There is no need for an `->` operator like in C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust wird in einigen Fällen automatisch dereferenzieren, insbesondere beim "
|
|
"Aufrufen von Methoden (probiere `ref_x.count_ones()`)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, `r` is mutable so that it can be reassigned (`r = &b`). Note "
|
|
"that this re-binds `r`, so that it refers to something else. This is different "
|
|
"from C++, where assignment to a reference changes the referenced value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A shared reference does not allow modifying the value it refers to, even if "
|
|
"that value was mutable. Try `*r = 'X'`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long "
|
|
"enough. Dangling references cannot occur in safe Rust. `x_axis` would return a "
|
|
"reference to `point`, but `point` will be deallocated when the function "
|
|
"returns, so this will not compile."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid "We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wir werden mehr über das Ausleihen (borrowing) sprechen, wenn wir zum Eigentum "
|
|
"(ownership) kommen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exclusive.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Exclusive references, also known as mutable references, allow changing the "
|
|
"value they refer to. They have type `&mut T`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exclusive.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Exclusive\" means that only this reference can be used to access the value. "
|
|
"No other references (shared or exclusive) can exist at the same time, and the "
|
|
"referenced value cannot be accessed while the exclusive reference exists. Try "
|
|
"making an `&point.0` or changing `point.0` while `x_coord` is alive."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exclusive.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Be sure to note the difference between `let mut x_coord: &i32` and `let "
|
|
"x_coord: &mut i32`. The first one represents a shared reference which can be "
|
|
"bound to different values, while the second represents an exclusive reference "
|
|
"to a mutable value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Beachte unbedingt den Unterschied zwischen `let mut ref_x: &i32` und `let "
|
|
"ref_x: &mut i32`. Das erste stellt eine veränderliche Referenz (mutable "
|
|
"reference) dar, an die unterschiedliche Werte gebunden werden können, während "
|
|
"das zweite Beispiel einen Verweis auf einen veränderlichen Wert darstellt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/slices.md
|
|
msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ein Anteilstyp (slice) gibt Ihnen einen Einblick in eine größere Sammlung "
|
|
"(collection):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/slices.md
|
|
msgid "Slices borrow data from the sliced type."
|
|
msgstr "Anteilstypen (slices) borgen (borrow) Daten vom Sliced-Typ."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/slices.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending "
|
|
"indexes in brackets."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wir erstellen ein Anteilstyp, indem wir `a` ausleihen (borrow) und den Start- "
|
|
"und Endindex in Klammern angeben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/slices.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the "
|
|
"starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are identical."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn der Anteilstyp bei Index 0 beginnt, erlaubt uns die Range-Syntax von Rust, "
|
|
"den Startindex wegzulassen, was bedeutet, dass `&a[0..a.len()]` und `&a[..a."
|
|
"len()]` identisch sind."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/slices.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are "
|
|
"identical."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Gleiche gilt für den letzten Index, daher sind `&a[2..a.len()]` und "
|
|
"`&a[2..]` identisch."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/slices.md
|
|
msgid "To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Um einfach einen Anteilstyp des gesamten Arrays zu erstellen, können wir daher "
|
|
"„&a\\[..\\]“ verwenden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/slices.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` (`&[i32]`) "
|
|
"no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform computation on "
|
|
"slices of different sizes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`s` ist ein Verweis (reference) auf einen Teil von `i32`. Beachte, dass der Typ "
|
|
"`s` (`&[i32]`) die Array-Länge nicht mehr erwähnt. Dadurch können wir "
|
|
"Berechnungen für Anteilstypen unterschiedlicher Größe durchführen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/slices.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain "
|
|
"'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Anteilstypen (slices) leihen (borrow) sich immer etwas von einem anderen Objekt "
|
|
"aus. In diesem Beispiel muss `a` mindestens so lange (im Gültigkeitsbereich "
|
|
"(scope)) „lebendig“ bleiben wie unser Anteilstyp."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md
|
|
msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Kommen wir jetzt zu den beiden String-Typen in Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md
|
|
msgid "`&str` is a slice of UTF-8 encoded bytes, similar to `&[u8]`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md
|
|
msgid "`String` is an owned buffer of UTF-8 encoded bytes, similar to `Vec<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
msgid "\"World\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md
|
|
msgid "\"s1: {s1}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Hello \""
|
|
msgstr "Hallo Welt!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "\"s2: {s2}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md
|
|
msgid "\"s3: {s3}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 "
|
|
"encoded string data stored in a block of memory. String literals (`\"Hello\"`), "
|
|
"are stored in the program’s binary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&str` führt einen String-Slice ein, der eine unveränderliche Referenz auf "
|
|
"UTF-8-codierte String-Daten ist, die in einem Speicherblock gespeichert sind. "
|
|
"String-Literale (`\"Hallo\"`) werden in der Binärdatei des Programms "
|
|
"gespeichert."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust's `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a `Vec<T>`, "
|
|
"it is owned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der `String`\\-Typ von Rust ist eine Verpackung (wrapper) um einen Byte-Vektor. "
|
|
"Wie bei einem `Vec<T>` ist es im Besitz."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string "
|
|
"literal; `String::new()` creates a new empty string, to which string data can "
|
|
"be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wie bei vielen anderen Typen erstellt `String::from()` einen String aus einem "
|
|
"String-Literal; `String::new()` erstellt einen neuen leeren String, zu dem "
|
|
"String-Daten mit den Methoden `push()` und `push_str()` hinzugefügt werden "
|
|
"können."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from "
|
|
"dynamic values. It accepts the same format specification as `println!()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Makro `format!()` ist eine praktische Möglichkeit, einen aneigenbaren "
|
|
"(owned) String aus dynamischen Werten zu generieren. Es akzeptiert die gleiche "
|
|
"Formatspezifikation wie `println!()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range "
|
|
"selection. If you select a byte range that is not aligned to character "
|
|
"boundaries, the expression will panic. The `chars` iterator iterates over "
|
|
"characters and is preferred over trying to get character boundaries right."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `std::string_view` from C++, but the "
|
|
"one that always points to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough "
|
|
"equivalent of `std::string` from C++ (main difference: it can only contain "
|
|
"UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Für C++-Programmierer: Stell Dir `&str` als `const char*` aus C++ vor, der "
|
|
"immer auf eine gültige Zeichenfolge im Speicher zeigt. Rust `String` ist ein "
|
|
"grobes Äquivalent von `std::string` aus C++ (Hauptunterschied: Es kann nur "
|
|
"UTF-8-codierte Bytes enthalten und wird niemals eine Optimierung für kleine "
|
|
"Zeichenfolgen verwenden). "
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Byte strings literals allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:"
|
|
msgstr "Mit Byte-Strings kannst Du direkt einen „&\\[u8\\]“-Wert erstellen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/strings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: `r\"\\n\" "
|
|
"== \"\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal amount of `#` on "
|
|
"either side of the quotes:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Mit puren Zeichenketten (raw strings) kannst Du einen `&str`\\-Wert mit "
|
|
"deaktivierten Escape-Zeichen erstellen: `r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\\\\\n\"`. Du kannst "
|
|
"doppelte Anführungszeichen einbetten, indem Du auf beiden Seiten der "
|
|
"Anführungszeichen die gleiche Anzahl von `#` verwendest:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/dangling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust enforces a number of rules for references that make them always safe to "
|
|
"use. One rule is that references can never be `null`, making them safe to use "
|
|
"without `null` checks. The other rule we'll look at for now is that references "
|
|
"can't _outlive_ the data they point to."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/dangling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide gets students thinking about references as not simply being "
|
|
"pointers, since Rust has different rules for references than other languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/dangling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We'll look at the rest of Rust's borrowing rules on day 3 when we talk about "
|
|
"Rust's ownership system."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/dangling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust's equivalent of nullability is the `Option` type, which can be used to "
|
|
"make any type \"nullable\" (not just references/pointers). We haven't yet "
|
|
"introduced enums or pattern matching, though, so try not to go into too much "
|
|
"detail about this here."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will create a few utility functions for 3-dimensional geometry, representing "
|
|
"a point as `[f64;3]`. It is up to you to determine the function signatures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Calculate the magnitude of a vector by summing the squares of its "
|
|
"coordinates\n"
|
|
"// and taking the square root. Use the `sqrt()` method to calculate the square\n"
|
|
"// root, like `v.sqrt()`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Normalize a vector by calculating its magnitude and dividing all of its\n"
|
|
"// coordinates by that magnitude.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// Use the following `main` to test your work.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md src/references/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Magnitude of a unit vector: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md src/references/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Magnitude of {v:?}: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md src/references/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Magnitude of {v:?} after normalization: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Calculate the magnitude of the given vector.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Change the magnitude of the vector to 1.0 without changing its direction.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md src/pattern-matching.md src/methods-and-traits.md
|
|
#: src/lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 50 minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:"
|
|
msgstr "Wie C und C++ unterstützt Rust benutzerdefinierte Strukturen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
msgid "\"{} is {} years old\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"Peter\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
msgid "\"Avery\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
msgid "\"Jackie\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Key Points:"
|
|
msgstr "Wichtige Punkte:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
msgid "Structs work like in C or C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
msgid "Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
msgid "Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of structs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Zero-sized structs (e.g. `struct Foo;`) might be used when implementing a trait "
|
|
"on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the value itself."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are not "
|
|
"important."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the "
|
|
"struct using a shorthand."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn Sie bereits Variablen mit den richtigen Namen haben, können Sie die "
|
|
"erstellen struct mit einer Abkürzung:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The syntax `..avery` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the old "
|
|
"struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be the last "
|
|
"element."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn die Feldnamen unwichtig sind, können Sie eine Tupelstruktur verwenden:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
msgid "\"({}, {})\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):"
|
|
msgstr "Dies wird häufig für Einzelfeld-Wrapper (genannt Newtypes) verwendet:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
msgid "\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "// ...\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in a "
|
|
"primitive type, for example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
msgid "The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have to "
|
|
"validate it again at every use: `PhoneNumber(String)` or `OddNumber(u32)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the "
|
|
"single field in the newtype."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or for "
|
|
"instance using booleans as integers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
msgid "Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The example is a subtle reference to the [Mars Climate Orbiter](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter) failure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few different "
|
|
"variants:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Schlüsselwort „enum“ ermöglicht die Erstellung eines Typs, der mehrere hat "
|
|
"verschiedene Varianten:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid "// Simple variant\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid "// Tuple variant\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid "// Struct variant\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid "\"On this turn: {player_move:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aufzählungen ermöglichen es Ihnen, eine Reihe von Werten unter einem Typ zu "
|
|
"sammeln"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Direction` is a type with variants. There are two values of `Direction`: "
|
|
"`Direction::Left` and `Direction::Right`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PlayerMove` is a type with three variants. In addition to the payloads, Rust "
|
|
"will store a discriminant so that it knows at runtime which variant is in a "
|
|
"`PlayerMove` value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "This might be a good time to compare structs and enums:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dies könnte ein guter Zeitpunkt sein, um Structs und Enums zu vergleichen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one with "
|
|
"different types of fields (variant payloads)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"In beiden Fällen können Sie eine einfache Version ohne Felder (unit struct) "
|
|
"oder eine mit unterschiedlichen Feldtypen (variant payloads) haben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate "
|
|
"structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were all "
|
|
"defined in an enum."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie könnten sogar die verschiedenen Varianten einer Aufzählung mit separaten "
|
|
"Structs implementieren, aber dann wären sie nicht vom gleichen Typ, wie wenn "
|
|
"sie alle in einer Aufzählung definiert wären."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid "Rust uses minimal space to store the discriminant."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid "If necessary, it stores an integer of the smallest required size"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the allowed variant values do not cover all bit patterns, it will use "
|
|
"invalid bit patterns to encode the discriminant (the \"niche optimization\"). "
|
|
"For example, `Option<&u8>` stores either a pointer to an integer or `NULL` for "
|
|
"the `None` variant."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2 bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has several optimizations it can employ to make enums take up less space."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Null pointer optimization: For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::<T>()` equals `size_of::"
|
|
"<Option<T>>()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation _may_ look like "
|
|
"in practice. It's important to note that the compiler provides no guarantees "
|
|
"regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/const.md
|
|
msgid "`const`"
|
|
msgstr "`const`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/const.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Constants are evaluated at compile time and their values are inlined wherever "
|
|
"they are used:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/const.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"According to the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-"
|
|
"static.html) these are inlined upon use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Gemäß dem [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static."
|
|
"html) werden diese bei der Verwendung eingefügt (inlined upon use)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/const.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Only functions marked `const` can be called at compile time to generate `const` "
|
|
"values. `const` functions can however be called at runtime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Erwähne, dass sich `const` semantisch ähnlich wie `constexpr` in C++ verhält."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/const.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but it "
|
|
"is helpful and safer than using a static."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es kommt nicht sehr häufig vor, dass man eine zur Laufzeit ausgewertete "
|
|
"Konstante benötigt, aber es ist hilfreich und sicherer als die Verwendung einer "
|
|
"statischen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static.md
|
|
msgid "`static`"
|
|
msgstr "`static`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Static variables will live during the whole execution of the program, and "
|
|
"therefore will not move:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\""
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen zu Tag 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static.md
|
|
msgid "\"{BANNER}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-"
|
|
"static.html), these are not inlined upon use and have an actual associated "
|
|
"memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, and the variable "
|
|
"lives through the entirety of the program execution. When a globally-scoped "
|
|
"value does not have a reason to need object identity, `const` is generally "
|
|
"preferred."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wie im [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static."
|
|
"html) erwähnt, werden diese bei der Verwendung nicht inliniert und haben einen "
|
|
"tatsächlich zugeordneten Speicherort. Dies ist nützlich für unsicheren (unsafe) "
|
|
"und eingebetteten (embedded) Code. Die Variable existiert während der gesamten "
|
|
"Programmausführung."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`static` is similar to mutable global variables in C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`static` hingegen ist einer `const` oder veränderlichen (mutable) globalen "
|
|
"Variable in C++ viel ähnlicher."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`static` provides object identity: an address in memory and state as required "
|
|
"by types with interior mutability such as `Mutex<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Because `static` variables are accessible from any thread, they must be `Sync`. "
|
|
"Interior mutability is possible through a [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atomic or similar."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static.md
|
|
msgid "Thread-local data can be created with the macro `std::thread_local`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A type alias creates a name for another type. The two types can be used "
|
|
"interchangeably."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md
|
|
msgid "// Aliases are more useful with long, complex types:\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A [newtype](tuple-structs.html) is often a better alternative since it creates "
|
|
"a distinct type. Prefer `struct InventoryCount(usize)` to `type InventoryCount "
|
|
"= usize`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md
|
|
msgid "C programmers will recognize this as similar to a `typedef`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will create a data structure to represent an event in an elevator control "
|
|
"system. It is up to you to define the types and functions to construct various "
|
|
"events. Use `#[derive(Debug)]` to allow the types to be formatted with `{:?}`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This exercise only requires creating and populating data structures so that "
|
|
"`main` runs without errors. The next part of the course will cover getting data "
|
|
"out of these structures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// An event in the elevator system that the controller must react to.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: add required variants\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A direction of travel.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// The car has arrived on the given floor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// The car doors have opened.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// The car doors have closed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// A directional button was pressed in an elevator lobby on the given floor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A floor button was pressed in the elevator car.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"A ground floor passenger has pressed the up button: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"The car has arrived on the ground floor: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"The car door opened: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"A passenger has pressed the 3rd floor button: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"The car door closed: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"The car has arrived on the 3rd floor: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A button was pressed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// The car has arrived at the given floor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// The car's doors have opened.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// The car's doors have closed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A floor is represented as an integer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A user-accessible button.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A button in the elevator lobby on the given floor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A floor button within the car.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 2"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen zu Tag 2"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, today will focus on Rust's type "
|
|
"system:"
|
|
msgstr "Nachdem wir nun eine ganze Menge Rust gesehen haben, fahren wir fort mit:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
msgid "Pattern matching: extracting data from structures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
msgid "Methods: associating functions with types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
msgid "Traits: behaviors shared by multiple types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
msgid "Generics: parameterizing types on other types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
msgid "Standard library types and traits: a tour of Rust's rich standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `match` keyword lets you match a value against one or more _patterns_. The "
|
|
"patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++, but they can "
|
|
"also be used to express more complex conditions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Mit dem Schlüsselwort „match“ können Sie einen Wert mit einem oder mehreren "
|
|
"_Mustern_ abgleichen. Der Vergleiche werden von oben nach unten durchgeführt "
|
|
"und das erste Match gewinnt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "'x'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "'q'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"Quitting\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md
|
|
#: src/std-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "'a'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "'s'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "'w'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "'d'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"Moving around\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "'0'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "'9'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"Number input\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"Lowercase: {key}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"Something else\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A variable in the pattern (`key` in this example) will create a binding that "
|
|
"can be used within the match arm. We will learn more about this on the next "
|
|
"slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A match guard causes the arm to match only if the condition is true. If the "
|
|
"condition is false the match will continue checking later cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a "
|
|
"pattern"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie können darauf hinweisen, wie bestimmte Zeichen in einem Muster verwendet "
|
|
"werden"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`|` as an `or`"
|
|
msgstr "`|` als `oder`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`..` can expand as much as it needs to be"
|
|
msgstr "`..` kann beliebig erweitert werden"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`1..=5` represents an inclusive range"
|
|
msgstr "„1..=5“ steht für einen inklusiven Bereich"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`_` is a wild card"
|
|
msgstr "„\\_“ ist ein Platzhalter"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when we "
|
|
"wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone would allow."
|
|
msgstr "Match Guards als separates Syntax-Feature sind wichtig und notwendig."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. An "
|
|
"`if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the match "
|
|
"arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't result "
|
|
"in other arms of the original `match` expression being considered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie sind nicht dasselbe wie ein separater „if“-Ausdruck innerhalb des Match-"
|
|
"Arms. Ein „if“-Ausdruck innerhalb des Verzweigungsblocks (nach „=>“) erfolgt, "
|
|
"nachdem der Match-Arm ausgewählt wurde. Wenn die 'if'-Bedingung innerhalb "
|
|
"dieses Blocks nicht bestanden wird, führt dies nicht zu anderen Armen des "
|
|
"betrachteten ursprünglichen \"Match\"-Ausdrucks."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern "
|
|
"with an `|`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die im Guard definierte Bedingung gilt für jeden Ausdruck in einem Muster mit "
|
|
"einem `|`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "More To Explore"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Another piece of pattern syntax you can show students is the `@` syntax which "
|
|
"binds a part of a pattern to a variable. For example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"outer: {outer:?}, inner: {inner}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example `inner` has the value 123 which it pulled from the `Option` via "
|
|
"destructuring, `outer` captures the entire `Some(inner)` expression, so it "
|
|
"contains the full `Option::Some(123)`. This is rarely used but can be useful in "
|
|
"more complex patterns."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md
|
|
msgid "Structs"
|
|
msgstr "Strukturen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md
|
|
msgid "Like tuples, Struct can also be destructured by matching:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md
|
|
msgid "\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md
|
|
msgid "\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md
|
|
msgid "\"y = {y}, other fields were ignored\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md
|
|
msgid "Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md
|
|
msgid "Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard to "
|
|
"spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that it "
|
|
"subtly doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md
|
|
msgid "Like tuples, enums can also be destructured by matching:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is "
|
|
"how you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple `enum` "
|
|
"type:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Muster können auch verwendet werden, um Variablen an Teile Ihrer Werte zu "
|
|
"binden. Das ist wie Sie inspizieren die Struktur Ihrer Typen. Beginnen wir mit "
|
|
"einem einfachen `enum`\\-Typ:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md
|
|
msgid "\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md
|
|
msgid "\"{n} divided in two is {half}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md
|
|
msgid "\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first "
|
|
"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second arm, "
|
|
"`msg` is bound to the error message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Hier haben wir die Arme verwendet, um den „Result“-Wert zu _destrukturieren_. "
|
|
"In der ersten arm, `half` ist an den Wert innerhalb der `Ok`\\-Variante "
|
|
"gebunden. Im zweiten Arm, `msg` wird an die Fehlermeldung gebunden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with a "
|
|
"`match`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der `if`/`else`\\-Ausdruck gibt eine Aufzählung zurück, die später mit einem "
|
|
"`match` entpackt wird."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the "
|
|
"errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is now "
|
|
"inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie können versuchen, der Enum-Definition eine dritte Variante hinzuzufügen und "
|
|
"die Fehler beim Ausführen des Codes anzuzeigen. Weisen Sie auf die Stellen hin, "
|
|
"an denen Ihr Code jetzt unerschöpflich ist und wie der Compiler versucht, Ihnen "
|
|
"Hinweise zu geben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern "
|
|
"matched."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage "
|
|
"the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are handled."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has a few control flow constructs which differ from other languages. They "
|
|
"are used for pattern matching:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`if let` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "`if let`\\-Ausdrücke"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`let else` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "while let-Ausdrücke"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`while let` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "while let-Ausdrücke"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`if let` expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-"
|
|
"expr.html#if-let-expressions) lets you execute different code depending on "
|
|
"whether a value matches a pattern:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "\"slept for {duration:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the common case of matching a pattern and returning from the function, use "
|
|
"[`let else`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/let_else."
|
|
"html). The \"else\" case must diverge (`return`, `break`, or panic - anything "
|
|
"but falling off the end of the block)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "\"not a hex digit\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "\"got empty string\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "\"got None\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"result: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/solution.md src/testing/solution.md src/android/testing.md
|
|
#: src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "\"foo\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) variant which "
|
|
"repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wie bei `if` gibt es eine `while let`\\-Variante, die einen Wert wiederholt "
|
|
"testet gegen ein Muster:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here [`String::pop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/string/struct.String."
|
|
"html#method.pop) returns `Some(c)` until the string is empty, after which it "
|
|
"will return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through all items."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Hier gibt der von `v.iter()` zurückgegebene Iterator bei jedem eine "
|
|
"`Option<i32>` zurück Aufruf von `next()`. Es gibt `Some(x)` zurück, bis es "
|
|
"fertig ist, danach wird es gibt \"Keine\" zurück. Das `while let` lässt uns "
|
|
"alle Elemente durchlaufen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "if-let"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not have to cover all branches. This can make it "
|
|
"more concise than `match`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "let-else"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`if-let`s can pile up, as shown. The `let-else` construct supports flattening "
|
|
"this nested code. Rewrite the awkward version for students, so they can see the "
|
|
"transformation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "The rewritten version is:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "while-let"
|
|
msgstr "`while let`\\-Ausdrücke"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value "
|
|
"matches the pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Weisen Sie darauf hin, dass die „while let“-Schleife so lange läuft, wie der "
|
|
"Wert mit dem Muster übereinstimmt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if statement "
|
|
"that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `name.pop()`. The `while let` "
|
|
"provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie könnten die „while let“-Schleife als Endlosschleife mit einer if-Anweisung "
|
|
"umschreiben, die abbricht, wenn es keinen Wert zum Auspacken für „iter.next()“ "
|
|
"gibt. Das `while let` liefert syntaktischen Zucker für das obige Szenario."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Let's write a simple recursive evaluator for arithmetic expressions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An example of a small arithmetic expression could be `10 + 20`, which evaluates "
|
|
"to `30`. We can represent the expression as a tree:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A bigger and more complex expression would be `(10 * 9) + ((3 - 4) * 5)`, which "
|
|
"evaluate to `85`. We represent this as a much bigger tree:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "In code, we will represent the tree with two types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// An operation to perform on two subexpressions.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// An expression, in tree form.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// An operation on two subexpressions.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A literal value\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Box` type here is a smart pointer, and will be covered in detail later in "
|
|
"the course. An expression can be \"boxed\" with `Box::new` as seen in the "
|
|
"tests. To evaluate a boxed expression, use the deref operator (`*`) to "
|
|
"\"unbox\" it: `eval(*boxed_expr)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy and paste the code into the Rust playground, and begin implementing "
|
|
"`eval`. The final product should pass the tests. It may be helpful to use `todo!"
|
|
"()` and get the tests to pass one-by-one. You can also skip a test temporarily "
|
|
"with `#[ignore]`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/solution.md src/error-handling/exercise.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"expr: {expr:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with an "
|
|
"`impl` block:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Mit Rust können Sie Ihren neuen Typen Funktionen zuordnen. Das machst du mit "
|
|
"einem `impl`\\-Block:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "// No receiver, a static method\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "// Exclusive borrowed read-write access to self\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "// Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "// Exclusive ownership of self (covered later)\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "\"Monaco Grand Prix\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "// race.add_lap(42);\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `self` arguments specify the \"receiver\" - the object the method acts on. "
|
|
"There are several common receivers for a method:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das obige `&self` gibt an, dass die Methode das Objekt unveränderlich ausleiht. "
|
|
"Dort sind weitere mögliche Empfänger für eine Methode:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable "
|
|
"reference. The object can be used again afterwards."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&self`: leiht sich das Objekt vom Aufrufer unter Verwendung eines Shared und "
|
|
"Immutable Referenz. Das Objekt kann danach wieder verwendet werden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable "
|
|
"reference. The object can be used again afterwards."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&mut self`: leiht sich das Objekt vom Aufrufer unter Verwendung eines Unique "
|
|
"und Mutable Referenz. Das Objekt kann danach wieder verwendet werden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The "
|
|
"method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped "
|
|
"(deallocated) when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly "
|
|
"transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`self`: übernimmt den Besitz des Objekts und verschiebt es vom Aufrufer weg. "
|
|
"Der Die Methode wird Eigentümer des Objekts. Das Objekt wird gelöscht "
|
|
"(deallocated) wenn die Methode zurückkehrt, es sei denn, ihr Besitz ist "
|
|
"explizit übermittelt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`mut self`: wie oben, aber während die Methode das Objekt besitzt, kann sie es "
|
|
"mutiere es auch. Vollständiges Eigentum bedeutet nicht automatisch "
|
|
"Wandelbarkeit."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to "
|
|
"create constructors which are called `new` by convention."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Kein Empfänger: Dies wird zu einer statischen Methode für die Struktur. "
|
|
"Typischerweise gewohnt Erstellen Sie Konstruktoren, die per Konvention \"neu\" "
|
|
"genannt werden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es kann hilfreich sein, Methoden einzuführen, indem man sie mit Funktionen "
|
|
"vergleicht."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the "
|
|
"first parameter represents the instance as `self`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Methoden werden für eine Instanz eines Typs aufgerufen (z. B. eine Struktur "
|
|
"oder Aufzählung), der erste Parameter repräsentiert die Instanz als „self“."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver "
|
|
"syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep all "
|
|
"the implementation code in one predictable place."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Entwickler können sich dafür entscheiden, Methoden zu verwenden, um die "
|
|
"Methodenempfängersyntax zu nutzen und sie besser organisiert zu halten. Durch "
|
|
"die Verwendung von Methoden können wir den gesamten Implementierungscode an "
|
|
"einem vorhersehbaren Ort aufbewahren."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Weisen Sie auf die Verwendung des Schlüsselworts „self“ hin, einem "
|
|
"Methodenempfänger."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self: Self` and perhaps show how the "
|
|
"struct name could also be used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Zeigen Sie, dass es sich um eine Abkürzung für `self:&Self` handelt und zeigen "
|
|
"Sie vielleicht, wie der Strukturname auch verwendet werden könnte."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and can "
|
|
"be used elsewhere in the block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Erklären Sie, dass Self ein Typ-Alias für den Typ ist, in dem sich der „impl“-"
|
|
"Block befindet, und an anderer Stelle im Block verwendet werden kann."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to "
|
|
"refer to individual fields."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Beachten Sie, dass self wie andere Strukturen verwendet wird und die "
|
|
"Punktnotation verwendet werden kann, um auf einzelne Felder zu verweisen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` by "
|
|
"trying to run `finish` twice."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dies könnte ein guter Zeitpunkt sein, um zu demonstrieren, wie sich `&self` von "
|
|
"`self` unterscheidet, indem Sie den Code ändern und versuchen, say_hello "
|
|
"zweimal auszuführen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also [special wrapper types](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) allowed to be receiver "
|
|
"types, such as `Box<Self>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Neben Varianten von „self“ gibt es auch [spezielle Wrapper-Typen](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) dürfen Empfängertypen "
|
|
"sein, wie z. B. `Box<Self>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Mit Rust können Sie über Typen mit Merkmalen abstrahieren. Sie ähneln "
|
|
"Schnittstellen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md
|
|
msgid "/// Return a sentence from this pet.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md
|
|
msgid "/// Print a string to the terminal greeting this pet.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A trait defines a number of methods that types must have in order to implement "
|
|
"the trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the \"Generics\" segment, next, we will see how to build functionality that "
|
|
"is generic over all types implementing a trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits/implementing.md
|
|
msgid "\"Oh you're a cutie! What's your name? {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits/implementing.md src/generics/dyn-trait.md
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
msgid "\"Woof, my name is {}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits/implementing.md src/generics/dyn-trait.md
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
msgid "\"Fido\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits/implementing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To implement `Trait` for `Type`, you use an `impl Trait for Type { .. }` block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits/implementing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike Go interfaces, just having matching methods is not enough: a `Cat` type "
|
|
"with a `talk()` method would not automatically satisfy `Pet` unless it is in an "
|
|
"`impl Pet` block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits/implementing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Traits may provide default implementations of some methods. Default "
|
|
"implementations can rely on all the methods of the trait. In this case, `greet` "
|
|
"is provided, and relies on `talk`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits/supertraits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A trait can require that types implementing it also implement other traits, "
|
|
"called _supertraits_. Here, any type implementing `Pet` must implement `Animal`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits/supertraits.md
|
|
msgid "\"Rex\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits/supertraits.md
|
|
msgid "\"{} has {} legs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits/supertraits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is sometimes called \"trait inheritance\" but students should not expect "
|
|
"this to behave like OO inheritance. It just specifies an additional requirement "
|
|
"on implementations of a trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits/associated-types.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Associated types are placeholder types which are supplied by the trait "
|
|
"implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits/associated-types.md
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid "\"{:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits/associated-types.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Associated types are sometimes also called \"output types\". The key "
|
|
"observation is that the implementer, not the caller, chooses this type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits/associated-types.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Many standard library traits have associated types, including arithmetic "
|
|
"operators and `Iterator`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Supported traits can be automatically implemented for your custom types, as "
|
|
"follows:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
msgid "// Default trait adds `default` constructor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
msgid "// Clone trait adds `clone` method.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
msgid "\"EldurScrollz\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
msgid "// Debug trait adds support for printing with `{:?}`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
msgid "\"{p1:?} vs. {p2:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Derivation is implemented with macros, and many crates provide useful derive "
|
|
"macros to add useful functionality. For example, `serde` can derive "
|
|
"serialization support for a struct using `#[derive(Serialize)]`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Logger Trait"
|
|
msgstr "Übungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let's design a simple logging utility, using a trait `Logger` with a `log` "
|
|
"method. Code which might log its progress can then take an `&impl Logger`. In "
|
|
"testing, this might put messages in the test logfile, while in a production "
|
|
"build it would send messages to a log server."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, the `StdoutLogger` given below logs all messages, regardless of "
|
|
"verbosity. Your task is to write a `VerbosityFilter` type that will ignore "
|
|
"messages above a maximum verbosity."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a common pattern: a struct wrapping a trait implementation and "
|
|
"implementing that same trait, adding behavior in the process. What other kinds "
|
|
"of wrappers might be useful in a logging utility?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Log a message at the given verbosity level.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"verbosity={verbosity}: {message}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: Define and implement `VerbosityFilter`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"FYI\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Uhoh\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Only log messages up to the given verbosity level.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 3 hours and 15 "
|
|
"minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md
|
|
msgid "impl Trait"
|
|
msgstr "impl Merkmal"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "dyn Trait"
|
|
msgstr "Async Merkmale"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Generic min"
|
|
msgstr "Übungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust supports generics, which lets you abstract algorithms or data structures "
|
|
"(such as sorting or a binary tree) over the types used or stored."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust unterstützt Generika, mit denen Sie einen Algorithmus abstrahieren können "
|
|
"(z. B. Sortieren) über die im Algorithmus verwendeten Typen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid "/// Pick `even` or `odd` depending on the value of `n`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"picked a number: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"picked a string: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"dog\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"cat\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust infers a type for T based on the types of the arguments and return value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example we only use the primitive types `i32` and `&str` for `T`, but "
|
|
"we can use any type here, including user-defined types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is similar to C++ templates, but Rust partially compiles the generic "
|
|
"function immediately, so that function must be valid for all types matching the "
|
|
"constraints. For example, try modifying `pick` to return `even + odd` if `n == "
|
|
"0`. Even if only the `pick` instantiation with integers is used, Rust still "
|
|
"considers it invalid. C++ would let you do this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites. This is a "
|
|
"zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you had hand-coded "
|
|
"the data structures without the abstraction."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dies ist eine Null-Kosten-Abstraktion: Sie erhalten genau das gleiche Ergebnis, "
|
|
"als ob Sie es hätten die Datenstrukturen ohne die Abstraktion von Hand codiert."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:"
|
|
msgstr "Mit Generika können Sie über den konkreten Feldtyp abstrahieren:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
msgid "\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
msgid "\"coords: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Q:_ Why `T` is specified twice in `impl<T> Point<T> {}`? Isn't that redundant?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_F:_ Warum wird `T` zweimal in `impl<T> Point<T> {}` angegeben? Ist das nicht "
|
|
"überflüssig?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. They "
|
|
"are independently generic."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dies liegt daran, dass es sich um einen generischen Implementierungsabschnitt "
|
|
"für einen generischen Typ handelt. Sie sind unabhängig generisch."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It means these methods are defined for any `T`."
|
|
msgstr "Dies bedeutet, dass diese Methoden für jedes `T` definiert sind."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It is possible to write `impl Point<u32> { .. }`."
|
|
msgstr "Es ist möglich `impl Point<u32> { .. }` zu schreiben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Point` is still generic and you can use `Point<f64>`, but methods in this "
|
|
"block will only be available for `Point<u32>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"„Point“ ist immer noch generisch und Sie können „Point\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"“ verwenden, aber Methoden in diesem Block sind nur für „Point\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"“ verfügbar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`. Update the "
|
|
"code to allow points that have elements of different types, by using two type "
|
|
"variables, e.g., `T` and `U`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Traits can also be generic, just like types and functions. A trait's parameters "
|
|
"get concrete types when it is used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-traits.md
|
|
msgid "\"Converted from integer: {from}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-traits.md
|
|
msgid "\"Converted from bool: {from}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-traits.md
|
|
msgid "\"{from_int:?}, {from_bool:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `From` trait will be covered later in the course, but its [definition in "
|
|
"the `std` docs](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) is "
|
|
"simple."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Implementations of the trait do not need to cover all possible type parameters. "
|
|
"Here, `Foo::from(\"hello\")` would not compile because there is no `From<&str>` "
|
|
"implementation for `Foo`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Generic traits take types as \"input\", while associated types are a kind of "
|
|
"\"output\" type. A trait can have multiple implementations for different input "
|
|
"types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In fact, Rust requires that at most one implementation of a trait match for any "
|
|
"type T. Unlike some other languages, Rust has no heuristic for choosing the "
|
|
"\"most specific\" match. There is work on adding this support, called "
|
|
"[specialization](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/1210-impl-specialization."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement "
|
|
"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn Sie mit Generika arbeiten, möchten Sie häufig die Typen einschränken. Du "
|
|
"kannst das mit `T:Trait` oder `impl Trait`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait`:"
|
|
msgstr "Sie können es von Hand tun, wenn Sie möchten:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
msgid "// struct NotCloneable;\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
msgid "\"{pair:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
msgid "Try making a `NonCloneable` and passing it to `duplicate`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
msgid "When multiple traits are necessary, use `+` to join them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters."
|
|
msgstr "Es entrümpelt die Funktionssignatur, wenn Sie viele Parameter haben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It has additional features making it more powerful."
|
|
msgstr "Es hat zusätzliche Funktionen, die es leistungsfähiger machen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can be "
|
|
"arbitrary, like `Option<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn jemand fragt, das zusätzliche Feature ist, dass der Typ links von \":\" "
|
|
"beliebig sein kann, wie `Option<T>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that Rust does not (yet) support specialization. For example, given the "
|
|
"original `duplicate`, it is invalid to add a specialized `duplicate(a: u32)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function "
|
|
"arguments and return values:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ähnlich wie Merkmalsgrenzen kann eine \"impl Trait\"-Syntax in Funktion "
|
|
"verwendet werden Argumente und Rückgabewerte:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Syntactic sugar for:\n"
|
|
"// fn add_42_millions<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
msgid "\"{many}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
msgid "\"{many_more}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
msgid "\"debuggable: {debuggable:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name. The meaning "
|
|
"of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die Bedeutung von „impl Trait“ ist in den verschiedenen Positionen etwas "
|
|
"unterschiedlich."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a "
|
|
"trait bound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Für einen Parameter ist `impl Trait` wie ein anonymer generischer Parameter mit "
|
|
"einer Eigenschaftsbindung."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that "
|
|
"implements the trait, without naming the type. This can be useful when you "
|
|
"don't want to expose the concrete type in a public API."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Für einen Rückgabetyp bedeutet dies, dass der Rückgabetyp ein konkreter Typ "
|
|
"ist, der die Eigenschaft implementiert, ohne den Typ zu nennen. Dies kann "
|
|
"nützlich sein, wenn Sie den konkreten Typ in a nicht verfügbar machen möchten "
|
|
"öffentliche API."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` picks the "
|
|
"concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A function "
|
|
"returning a generic type like `collect<B>() -> B` can return any type "
|
|
"satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with `let x: "
|
|
"Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::<Vec<_>>()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What is the type of `debuggable`? Try `let debuggable: () = ..` to see what the "
|
|
"error message shows."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/dyn-trait.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition to using traits for static dispatch via generics, Rust also "
|
|
"supports using them for type-erased, dynamic dispatch via trait objects:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/dyn-trait.md src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
msgid "\"Miau!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/dyn-trait.md
|
|
msgid "// Uses generics and static dispatch.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/dyn-trait.md src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hello, who are you? {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/dyn-trait.md
|
|
msgid "// Uses type-erasure and dynamic dispatch.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/dyn-trait.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Generics, including `impl Trait`, use monomorphization to create a specialized "
|
|
"instance of the function for each different type that the generic is "
|
|
"instantiated with. This means that calling a trait method from within a generic "
|
|
"function still uses static dispatch, as the compiler has full type information "
|
|
"and can resolve which type's trait implementation to use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/dyn-trait.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When using `dyn Trait`, it instead uses dynamic dispatch through a [virtual "
|
|
"method table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_method_table) (vtable). "
|
|
"This means that there's a single version of `fn dynamic` that is used "
|
|
"regardless of what type of `Pet` is passed in."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/dyn-trait.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When using `dyn Trait`, the trait object needs to be behind some kind of "
|
|
"indirection. In this case it's a reference, though smart pointer types like "
|
|
"`Box` can also be used (this will be demonstrated on day 3)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/dyn-trait.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At runtime, a `&dyn Pet` is represented as a \"fat pointer\", i.e. a pair of "
|
|
"two pointers: One pointer points to the concrete object that implements `Pet`, "
|
|
"and the other points to the vtable for the trait implementation for that type. "
|
|
"When calling the `talk` method on `&dyn Pet` the compiler looks up the function "
|
|
"pointer for `talk` in the vtable and then invokes the function, passing the "
|
|
"pointer to the `Dog` or `Cat` into that function. The compiler doesn't need to "
|
|
"know the concrete type of the `Pet` in order to do this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/dyn-trait.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A `dyn Trait` is considered to be \"type-erased\", because we no longer have "
|
|
"compile-time knowledge of what the concrete type is."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this short exercise, you will implement a generic `min` function that "
|
|
"determines the minimum of two values, using the [`Ord`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/stable/std/cmp/trait.Ord.html) trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie können das `Iterator`\\-Merkmal für Ihre eigenen Typen implementieren:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: implement the `min` function used in `main`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md
|
|
msgid "'z'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md
|
|
msgid "'7'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md
|
|
msgid "'1'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"goodbye\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"bat\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"armadillo\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show students the [`Ord`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/cmp/trait.Ord."
|
|
"html) trait and [`Ordering`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/cmp/enum."
|
|
"Ordering.html) enum."
|
|
msgstr "`Lesen` und `Schreiben` für IO verwendet,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md src/memory-management.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md src/std-types/option.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Option"
|
|
msgstr "Funktionen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md src/std-types/result.md src/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "Result"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid "String"
|
|
msgstr "String"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md
|
|
msgid "Vec"
|
|
msgstr "Vec"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md
|
|
msgid "HashMap"
|
|
msgstr "HashMap"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For each of the slides in this section, spend some time reviewing the "
|
|
"documentation pages, highlighting some of the more common methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common types "
|
|
"used by Rust libraries and programs. This way, two libraries can work together "
|
|
"smoothly because they both use the same `String` type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust wird mit einer Standardbibliothek geliefert, die dabei hilft, eine Reihe "
|
|
"gängiger Typen zu erstellen Wird von Rust-Bibliotheken und -Programmen "
|
|
"verwendet. Auf diese Weise können zwei Bibliotheken zusammenarbeiten "
|
|
"reibungslos, da beide den gleichen `String`\\-Typ verwenden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, `alloc` "
|
|
"and `std`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tatsächlich enthält Rust mehrere Schichten der Standardbibliothek: `core`, "
|
|
"`alloc` und `std`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on `libc`, "
|
|
"allocator or even the presence of an operating system."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`core` enthält die grundlegendsten Typen und Funktionen, die nicht von `libc`, "
|
|
"allocator oder abhängen sogar das Vorhandensein eines Betriebssystems."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, "
|
|
"`Box` and `Arc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"„alloc“ umfasst Typen, die einen globalen Heap-Zuordner erfordern, wie etwa "
|
|
"„Vec“, „Box“ und „Arc“."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Eingebettete Rust-Anwendungen verwenden oft nur `core` und manchmal `alloc`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid "Rust comes with extensive documentation. For example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All of the details about [loops](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/reference/"
|
|
"expressions/loop-expr.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Siehe die \\[Rust-Referenz\\] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Primitive types like [`u8`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.u8."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Standard library types like [`Option`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/"
|
|
"option/enum.Option.html) or [`BinaryHeap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/"
|
|
"collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html)."
|
|
msgstr "`Lesen` und `Schreiben` für IO verwendet,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid "Use `rustup doc --std` or <https://std.rs> to view the documentation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid "In fact, you can document your own code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second argument.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are "
|
|
"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the [rustdoc]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is idiomatic "
|
|
"to document all public items in an API using this pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die Inhalte werden als Markdown behandelt. Alle veröffentlichten Rust-"
|
|
"Bibliothekskästen (library crates) werden automatisch unter [`docs.rs`](https://"
|
|
"docs.rs) mit [rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) "
|
|
"dokumentiert. Es ist idiomatisch, alle öffentlichen Elemente in einer API "
|
|
"mithilfe dieses Musters zu dokumentieren."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To document an item from inside the item (such as inside a module), use `//!` "
|
|
"or `/*! .. */`, called \"inner doc comments\":"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"//! This module contains functionality relating to divisibility of integers.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at <https://docs.rs/rand>."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Zeige den Schülern die generierten Dokumente für die Kiste (crate) `rand` unter "
|
|
"[`docs.rs/rand`](https://docs.rs/rand)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We have already seen some use of `Option<T>`. It stores either a value of type "
|
|
"`T` or nothing. For example, [`String::find`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/"
|
|
"std/string/struct.String.html#method.find) returns an `Option<usize>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid "\"Löwe 老虎 Léopard Gepardi\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid "'é'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid "\"find returned {position:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid "'Z'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid "\"Character not found\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Option` is widely used, not just in the standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"„Option“ und „Ergebnis“ werden nicht nur in der Standardbibliothek häufig "
|
|
"verwendet."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`unwrap` will return the value in an `Option`, or panic. `expect` is similar "
|
|
"but takes an error message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can panic on None, but you can't \"accidentally\" forget to check for None."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It's common to `unwrap`/`expect` all over the place when hacking something "
|
|
"together, but production code typically handles `None` in a nicer fashion."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"niche optimization\" means that `Option<T>` often has the same size in "
|
|
"memory as `T`, if there is some representation that is not a valid value of T. "
|
|
"For example, a reference cannot be NULL, so `Option<&T>` automatically uses "
|
|
"NULL to represent the `None` variant, and thus can be stored in the same memory "
|
|
"as `&T`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Result` is similar to `Option`, but indicates the success or failure of an "
|
|
"operation, each with a different enum variant. It is generic: `Result<T, E>` "
|
|
"where `T` is used in the `Ok` variant and `E` appears in the `Err` variant."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid "\"diary.txt\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid "\"Dear diary: {contents} ({bytes} bytes)\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid "\"Could not read file content\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid "\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the "
|
|
"developer to explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the case "
|
|
"where an error should never happen, `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be called, and "
|
|
"this is a signal of the developer intent too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wie bei `Option` befindet sich der erfolgreiche Wert innerhalb von `Result`, "
|
|
"was den Entwickler dazu zwingt explizit extrahieren. Dies fördert die "
|
|
"Fehlerprüfung. Für den Fall, dass niemals ein Fehler passieren sollte, "
|
|
"`unwrap()` oder `expect()` können aufgerufen werden, und dies ist auch ein "
|
|
"Signal für die Absicht des Entwicklers."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it is "
|
|
"worth mentioning. It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions that "
|
|
"help functional-style programming."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die `Result`\\-Dokumentation ist eine empfohlene Lektüre. Nicht während des "
|
|
"Kurses, aber es ist erwähnenswert. Es enthält viele bequeme Methoden und "
|
|
"Funktionen, die bei der funktionalen Programmierung helfen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on Day "
|
|
"4."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"„Ergebnis“ ist der Standardtyp zur Implementierung der Fehlerbehandlung, wie "
|
|
"wir an Tag 3 sehen werden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) is a "
|
|
"growable UTF-8 encoded string:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) ist der "
|
|
"Standard-Heap-zugewiesene erweiterbare UTF-8-String-Puffer:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/scoped.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hello\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid "\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid "'!'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid "\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid "\"🇨🇭\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid "\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` implements [`Deref<Target = str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), which means that you can call all "
|
|
"`str` methods on a `String`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String` implementiert [`Deref<Target = str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), was bedeutet, dass Sie alle "
|
|
"aufrufen können `str`\\-Methoden auf einem `String`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when you "
|
|
"know how much data you want to push to the string."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be different "
|
|
"from its length in characters)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a "
|
|
"`char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" due to "
|
|
"[grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/"
|
|
"unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or "
|
|
"`String`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When a type implements `Deref<Target = T>`, the compiler will let you "
|
|
"transparently call methods from `T`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We haven't discussed the `Deref` trait yet, so at this point this mostly "
|
|
"explains the structure of the sidebar in the documentation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` implements `Deref<Target = str>` which transparently gives it access "
|
|
"to `str`'s methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid "Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1;`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the "
|
|
"operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but "
|
|
"with some extra guarantees."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid "Compare the different ways to index a `String`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, out-"
|
|
"of-bounds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character boundaries "
|
|
"or not."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Many types can be converted to a string with the [`to_string`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/string/trait.ToString.html#tymethod.to_string) method. This trait "
|
|
"is automatically implemented for all types that implement `Display`, so "
|
|
"anything that can be formatted can also be converted to a string."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) is the standard "
|
|
"resizable heap-allocated buffer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) ist der "
|
|
"Standardpuffer mit anpassbarer Heapzuweisung:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid "\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid "\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid "// Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid "// Retain only the even elements.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid "\"{v3:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid "// Remove consecutive duplicates.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Vec` implements [`Deref<Target = [T]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
|
|
"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), which means that you can call slice "
|
|
"methods on a `Vec`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Vec` implementiert [`Deref<Target = [T]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
|
|
"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), was bedeutet, dass Sie Slice aufrufen "
|
|
"können Methoden auf einem `Vec`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data it "
|
|
"contains is stored on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't need to "
|
|
"be known at compile time. It can grow or shrink at runtime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice how `Vec<T>` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` "
|
|
"explicitly. As always with Rust type inference, the `T` was established during "
|
|
"the first `push` call."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it supports "
|
|
"adding initial elements to the vector."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. "
|
|
"Alternatively, using `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will "
|
|
"remove the last element."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Slices are covered on day 3. For now, students only need to know that a value "
|
|
"of type `Vec` gives access to all of the documented slice methods, too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:"
|
|
msgstr "Standard-Hash-Map mit Schutz vor HashDoS-Angriffen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"Pride and Prejudice\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"Les Misérables\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"{book}: {count} pages\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"{book} is unknown.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "// Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"{page_counts:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the "
|
|
"hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will insert the "
|
|
"alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"The Hunger Games\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-From%3C%5B(K,"
|
|
"+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), which allows us to easily "
|
|
"initialize a hash map from a literal array:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-value "
|
|
"tuples."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This type has several \"method-specific\" return types, such as `std::"
|
|
"collections::hash_map::Keys`. These types often appear in searches of the Rust "
|
|
"docs. Show students the docs for this type, and the helpful link back to the "
|
|
"`keys` method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise you will take a very simple data structure and make it "
|
|
"generic. It uses a [`std::collections::HashMap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"stable/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html) to keep track of which values have "
|
|
"been seen and how many times each one has appeared."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The initial version of `Counter` is hard coded to only work for `u32` values. "
|
|
"Make the struct and its methods generic over the type of value being tracked, "
|
|
"that way `Counter` can track any type of value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you finish early, try using the [`entry`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/"
|
|
"std/collections/struct.HashMap.html#method.entry) method to halve the number of "
|
|
"hash lookups required to implement the `count` method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Counter counts the number of times each value of type T has been seen.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Create a new Counter.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Count an occurrence of the given value.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Return the number of times the given value has been seen.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"saw {} values equal to {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"apple\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"orange\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"got {} apples\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md src/concurrency/sync-exercises.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 10 minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid "From and Into"
|
|
msgstr "From und Into"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Read and Write"
|
|
msgstr "`Lesen` und `Schreiben`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid "Default, struct update syntax"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As with the standard-library types, spend time reviewing the documentation for "
|
|
"each trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid "This section is long. Take a break midway through."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These traits support comparisons between values. All traits can be derived for "
|
|
"types containing fields that implement these traits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid "`PartialEq` and `Eq`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PartialEq` is a partial equivalence relation, with required method `eq` and "
|
|
"provided method `ne`. The `==` and `!=` operators will call these methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Eq` is a full equivalence relation (reflexive, symmetric, and transitive) and "
|
|
"implies `PartialEq`. Functions that require full equivalence will use `Eq` as a "
|
|
"trait bound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`PartialOrd` and `Ord`"
|
|
msgstr "`Lesen` und `Schreiben`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PartialOrd` defines a partial ordering, with a `partial_cmp` method. It is "
|
|
"used to implement the `<`, `<=`, `>=`, and `>` operators."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid "`Ord` is a total ordering, with `cmp` returning `Ordering`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PartialEq` can be implemented between different types, but `Eq` cannot, "
|
|
"because it is reflexive:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In practice, it's common to derive these traits, but uncommon to implement them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/ops/index.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Überladen von Operatoren wird über Traits in `std::ops` implementiert:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
msgid "\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Discussion points:"
|
|
msgstr "Diskussionspunkte:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie könnten `Add` für `&Point` implementieren. In welchen Situationen ist das "
|
|
"sinnvoll?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are overloading "
|
|
"the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading the operator for "
|
|
"`&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the call site."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Antwort: `Add:add` verbraucht `self`. Geben Sie \"T\" ein, für das Sie sind Das "
|
|
"Überladen des Operators ist nicht \"Kopieren\", Sie sollten das Überladen in "
|
|
"Betracht ziehen auch der Operator für `&T`. Dies vermeidet unnötiges Klonen auf "
|
|
"der Website aufrufen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter of the "
|
|
"method?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Warum ist `Output` ein assoziierter Typ? Könnte es ein Typparameter gemacht "
|
|
"werden?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Short answer: Function type parameters are controlled by the caller, but "
|
|
"associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementer of a trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Kurze Antwort: Typparameter werden vom Aufrufer gesteuert, aber Zugehörige "
|
|
"Typen (wie `Output`) werden vom Implementierer von a gesteuert Merkmal."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could implement `Add` for two different types, e.g. `impl Add<(i32, i32)> "
|
|
"for Point` would add a tuple to a `Point`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Not` trait (`!` operator) is notable because it does not \"boolify\" like "
|
|
"the same operator in C-family languages; instead, for integer types it negates "
|
|
"each bit of the number, which arithmetically is equivalent to subtracting it "
|
|
"from -1: `!5 == -6`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types implement [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) "
|
|
"and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) to "
|
|
"facilitate type conversions. Unlike `as`, these traits correspond to lossless, "
|
|
"infallible conversions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Typen implementieren „From“ und „Into“, um Typkonvertierungen zu erleichtern:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md
|
|
msgid "\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) is "
|
|
"automatically implemented when [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/"
|
|
"trait.From.html) is implemented:"
|
|
msgstr "„Into“ wird automatisch implementiert, wenn „From“ implementiert wird:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get `Into` "
|
|
"implementation too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aus diesem Grund ist es üblich, nur `From` zu implementieren, da Ihr Typ auch "
|
|
"die `Into`\\-Implementierung erhält."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be "
|
|
"converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`. Your "
|
|
"function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ "
|
|
"implement `Into`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Beim Deklarieren eines Funktionsargument-Eingabetyps wie „alles, was in einen "
|
|
"„String“ konvertiert werden kann“, ist die Regel umgekehrt, Sie sollten „Into“ "
|
|
"verwenden. Ihre Funktion akzeptiert Typen, die `From` implementieren, und "
|
|
"solche, die _nur_ `Into` implementieren."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has no _implicit_ type conversions, but does support explicit casts with "
|
|
"`as`. These generally follow C semantics where those are defined."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid "\"as u16: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid "\"as i16: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid "\"as u8: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The results of `as` are _always_ defined in Rust and consistent across "
|
|
"platforms. This might not match your intuition for changing sign or casting to "
|
|
"a smaller type -- check the docs, and comment for clarity."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Casting with `as` is a relatively sharp tool that is easy to use incorrectly, "
|
|
"and can be a source of subtle bugs as future maintenance work changes the types "
|
|
"that are used or the ranges of values in types. Casts are best used only when "
|
|
"the intent is to indicate unconditional truncation (e.g. selecting the bottom "
|
|
"32 bits of a `u64` with `as u32`, regardless of what was in the high bits)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For infallible casts (e.g. `u32` to `u64`), prefer using `From` or `Into` over "
|
|
"`as` to confirm that the cast is in fact infallible. For fallible casts, "
|
|
"`TryFrom` and `TryInto` are available when you want to handle casts that fit "
|
|
"differently from those that don't."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid "Consider taking a break after this slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`as` is similar to a C++ static cast. Use of `as` in cases where data might be "
|
|
"lost is generally discouraged, or at least deserves an explanatory comment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid "This is common in casting integers to `usize` for use as an index."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Using [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and [`BufRead`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), you can abstract over "
|
|
"`u8` sources:"
|
|
msgstr "Mit `Read` und `BufRead` können Sie über `u8`\\-Quellen abstrahieren:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
msgid "b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
msgid "\"lines in slice: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
msgid "\"lines in file: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similarly, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) lets "
|
|
"you abstract over `u8` sinks:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"In ähnlicher Weise können Sie mit \"Write\" über \"u8\"-Senken abstrahieren:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
msgid "\"\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
msgid "\"Logged: {buffer:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `Default` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "Die `Drop`\\-Eigenschaft"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) trait "
|
|
"produces a default value for a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid "\"John Smith\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid "\"{default_struct:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid "\"Y is set!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid "\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid "\"{:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A derived implementation will produce a value where all fields are set to their "
|
|
"default values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid "This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. `0`, "
|
|
"`\"\"`, etc)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid "The partial struct initialization works nicely with default."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and "
|
|
"provides convenience methods that use it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `..` syntax is called [struct update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/"
|
|
"ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-instances-from-other-instances-with-"
|
|
"struct-update-syntax)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, they "
|
|
"implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html), "
|
|
"[`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and [`FnOnce`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Closures oder Lambda-Ausdrücke haben Typen, die nicht benannt werden können. "
|
|
"Allerdings sie spezielles \\[`Fn`\\] implementieren (https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/ops/trait.Fn.html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut."
|
|
"html) und [`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) "
|
|
"Eigenschaften:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Calling {func_name}({input}): {}\""
|
|
msgstr "Unsichere Funktionen aufrufen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid "\"add_3\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid "\"accumulate\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid "\"multiply_sum\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `Fn` (e.g. `add_3`) neither consumes nor mutates captured values. It can be "
|
|
"called needing only a shared reference to the closure, which means the closure "
|
|
"can be executed repeatedly and even concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ein „Fn“ verbraucht oder mutiert erfasste Werte nicht oder erfasst vielleicht "
|
|
"gar nichts, also kann es das mehrmals gleichzeitig aufgerufen werden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `FnMut` (e.g. `accumulate`) might mutate captured values. The closure object "
|
|
"is accessed via exclusive reference, so it can be called repeatedly but not "
|
|
"concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ein `FnMut` kann erfasste Werte mutieren, sodass Sie es mehrmals, aber nicht "
|
|
"gleichzeitig aufrufen können."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you have an `FnOnce` (e.g. `multiply_sum`), you may only call it once. Doing "
|
|
"so consumes the closure and any values captured by move."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn Sie ein `FnOnce` haben, können Sie es nur einmal aufrufen. Es kann "
|
|
"erfasste Werte verbrauchen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. I."
|
|
"e. you can use an `FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can use "
|
|
"an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce` is called for."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`FnMut` ist ein Untertyp von `FnOnce`. „Fn“ ist ein Untertyp von „FnMut“ und "
|
|
"„FnOnce“. D.h. Sie können eine verwenden „FnMut“, wo immer ein „FnOnce“ "
|
|
"verlangt wird, und Sie können ein „Fn“ überall dort verwenden, wo ein „FnMut“ "
|
|
"oder „FnOnce“ steht ist angesagt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you define a function that takes a closure, you should take `FnOnce` if "
|
|
"you can (i.e. you call it once), or `FnMut` else, and last `Fn`. This allows "
|
|
"the most flexibility for the caller."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In contrast, when you have a closure, the most flexible you can have is `Fn` "
|
|
"(which can be passed to a consumer of any of the 3 closure traits), then "
|
|
"`FnMut`, and lastly `FnOnce`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The compiler also infers `Copy` (e.g. for `add_3`) and `Clone` (e.g. "
|
|
"`multiply_sum`), depending on what the closure captures. Function pointers "
|
|
"(references to `fn` items) implement `Copy` and `Fn`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By default, closures will capture each variable from an outer scope by the "
|
|
"least demanding form of access they can (by shared reference if possible, then "
|
|
"exclusive reference, then by move). The `move` keyword forces capture by value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
msgid "\"{} {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hi\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid "\"Greg\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, you will implement the classic [\"ROT13\" cipher](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13). Copy this code to the playground, and implement the "
|
|
"missing bits. Only rotate ASCII alphabetic characters, to ensure the result is "
|
|
"still valid UTF-8."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// Implement the `Read` trait for `RotDecoder`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md src/std-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Gb trg gb gur bgure fvqr!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md src/std-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"To get to the other side!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What happens if you chain two `RotDecoder` instances together, each rotating by "
|
|
"13 characters?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "'A'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 3"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen zu Tag 3"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
msgid "Today, we will cover:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Memory management, lifetimes, and the borrow checker: how Rust ensures memory "
|
|
"safety."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
msgid "Smart pointers: standard library pointer types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 20 "
|
|
"minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md src/memory-management/clone.md
|
|
msgid "Clone"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Drop"
|
|
msgstr "Drop"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "Programs allocate memory in two ways:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables."
|
|
msgstr "Stack: Kontinuierlicher Speicherbereich für lokale Variablen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "Values have fixed sizes known at compile time."
|
|
msgstr "Werte haben feste Größen, die zur Kompilierzeit bekannt sind."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer."
|
|
msgstr "Extrem schnell: Durch Bewegen eines Stapelzeigers."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "Easy to manage: follows function calls."
|
|
msgstr "Einfach zu verwalten: folgt Funktionsaufrufen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "Great memory locality."
|
|
msgstr "Große Speicherlokalität (memory locality)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls."
|
|
msgstr "Heap: Speicherung von Werten außerhalb von Funktionsaufrufen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime."
|
|
msgstr "Werte haben dynamische Größen, die zur Laufzeit bestimmt werden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed."
|
|
msgstr "Etwas langsamer als der Stapel: Etwas Buchhaltung ist erforderlich."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "No guarantee of memory locality."
|
|
msgstr "Keine Garantie für Speicherlokalität."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized metadata on the stack and dynamically "
|
|
"sized data, the actual string, on the heap:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Erstellen eines \"Strings\" legt Daten mit fester Größe auf den Stapel und "
|
|
"dynamisch in der Größe Daten auf dem Haufen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and length "
|
|
"and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap "
|
|
"allocated using the [System Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/"
|
|
"struct.System.html) and custom allocators can be implemented using the "
|
|
"[Allocator API](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` Rust. However, you should point "
|
|
"out that this is rightfully unsafe!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
msgid "' '"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "\"world\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n"
|
|
" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead to\n"
|
|
" // undefined behavior.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "\"capacity = {capacity}, ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:"
|
|
msgstr "Traditionell fallen Sprachen in zwei grobe Kategorien:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid "Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ..."
|
|
msgstr "Volle Kontrolle über manuelle Speicherverwaltung: C, C++, Pascal, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid "Programmer decides when to allocate or free heap memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid "Programmer must determine whether a pointer still points to valid memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid "Studies show, programmers make mistakes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, "
|
|
"Haskell, ..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Volle Sicherheit durch automatische Speicherverwaltung zur Laufzeit: Java, "
|
|
"Python, Go, Haskell, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A runtime system ensures that memory is not freed until it can no longer be "
|
|
"referenced."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Typically implemented with reference counting or garbage collection."
|
|
msgstr "Hat keine Laufzeit oder Speicherbereinigung (garbage collection)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid "Rust offers a new mix:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust bietet eine neue Mischung:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Full control _and_ safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory "
|
|
"management."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Volle Kontrolle _und_ Sicherheit durch Erzwingung des korrekten Speichers zur "
|
|
"Kompilierzeit."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dies geschieht mit einem expliziten Eigentumskonzept (explicit ownership "
|
|
"concept)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide is intended to help students coming from other languages to put Rust "
|
|
"in context."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C must manage heap manually with `malloc` and `free`. Common errors include "
|
|
"forgetting to call `free`, calling it multiple times for the same pointer, or "
|
|
"dereferencing a pointer after the memory it points to has been freed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C++ has tools like smart pointers (`unique_ptr`, `shared_ptr`) that take "
|
|
"advantage of language guarantees about calling destructors to ensure memory is "
|
|
"freed when a function returns. It is still quite easy to mis-use these tools "
|
|
"and create similar bugs to C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Java, Go, and Python rely on the garbage collector to identify memory that is "
|
|
"no longer reachable and discard it. This guarantees that any pointer can be "
|
|
"dereferenced, eliminating use-after-free and other classes of bugs. But, GC has "
|
|
"a runtime cost and is difficult to tune properly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust's ownership and borrowing model can, in many cases, get the performance of "
|
|
"C, with alloc and free operations precisely where they are required -- zero "
|
|
"cost. It also provides tools similar to C++'s smart pointers. When required, "
|
|
"other options such as reference counting are available, and there are even "
|
|
"crates available to support runtime garbage collection (not covered in this "
|
|
"class)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error to "
|
|
"use a variable outside its scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Alle Variablenbindungen haben einen _Geltungsbereich_, wo sie gültig sind und "
|
|
"es ein Fehler ist Verwenden Sie eine Variable außerhalb ihres "
|
|
"Gültigkeitsbereichs:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We say that the variable _owns_ the value. Every Rust value has precisely one "
|
|
"owner at all times."
|
|
msgstr "Wir sagen, dass die Variable den Wert _besitzt_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed. A "
|
|
"destructor can run here to free up resources."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Am Ende des Gültigkeitsbereichs wird die Variable _gelöscht_ und die Daten "
|
|
"werden freigegeben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students familiar with garbage-collection implementations will know that a "
|
|
"garbage collector starts with a set of \"roots\" to find all reachable memory. "
|
|
"Rust's \"single owner\" principle is a similar idea."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "An assignment will transfer _ownership_ between variables:"
|
|
msgstr "Eine Zuweisung überträgt den Besitz zwischen Variablen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md src/concurrency/async-control-flow/select.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Hello!\""
|
|
msgstr "Hallo Welt!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "// println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership."
|
|
msgstr "Die Zuweisung von `s1` an `s2` überträgt das Eigentum."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it does not own anything."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn `s1` den Gültigkeitsbereich verlässt, passiert nichts: Es hat keinen "
|
|
"Besitz."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn `s2` den Geltungsbereich verlässt, werden die String-Daten freigegeben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Before move to `s2`:"
|
|
msgstr "Vor dem Wechsel zu `s2`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "After move to `s2`:"
|
|
msgstr "Nach Umzug nach `s2`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| H | e | l | l | o | ! | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 6 | : | : +----+----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 6 | : | : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n"
|
|
": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": s2 : |\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : |\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n"
|
|
": | len | 6 | :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 6 | :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ :\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function "
|
|
"parameter. This transfers ownership:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn Sie einer Funktion einen Wert übergeben, wird der Wert der Funktion "
|
|
"zugewiesen Parameter. Dadurch wird das Eigentum übertragen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md src/memory-management/clone.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hello {name}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md src/memory-management/clone.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Alice\""
|
|
msgstr "Anteilstypen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "// say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by value "
|
|
"unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Erwähnen Sie, dass dies das Gegenteil der Standardeinstellungen in C++ ist, die "
|
|
"nach Wert kopieren, es sei denn, Sie verwenden `std::move` (und der Move-"
|
|
"Konstruktor ist definiert!)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is only the ownership that moves. Whether any machine code is generated to "
|
|
"manipulate the data itself is a matter of optimization, and such copies are "
|
|
"aggressively optimized away."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "Simple values (such as integers) can be marked `Copy` (see later slides)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "In the `say_hello` example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. "
|
|
"Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Mit dem ersten Aufruf von `say_hello` gibt `main` den Besitz von `name` auf. "
|
|
"Danach kann `name` nicht mehr innerhalb von `main` verwendet werden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the "
|
|
"`say_hello` function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der für `name` zugewiesene Heap-Speicher wird am Ende der `say_hello`\\-"
|
|
"Funktion freigegeben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and if "
|
|
"`say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`main` kann den Besitz behalten, wenn es `name` als Referenz (`&name`) übergibt "
|
|
"und wenn `say_hello` eine Referenz als Parameter akzeptiert."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name."
|
|
"clone()`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Alternativ kann `main` beim ersten Aufruf (`name.clone()`) einen Klon von "
|
|
"`name` übergeben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move "
|
|
"semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust macht es schwieriger als C++, versehentlich Kopien zu erstellen, indem es "
|
|
"die Bewegungssemantik zum Standard macht und Programmierer dazu zwingt, Klone "
|
|
"explizit zu machen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Defensive Copies in Modern C++"
|
|
msgstr "Doppel-Freigabe-Fehler in modernem C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:"
|
|
msgstr "Modernes C++ löst dies anders:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "\"Cpp\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "// Duplicate the data in s1.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die Heap-Daten von `s1` werden dupliziert und `s2` bekommt seine eigene "
|
|
"unabhängige Kopie."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn `s1` und `s2` den Geltungsbereich verlassen, geben sie jeweils ihren "
|
|
"eigenen Speicher frei."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Before copy-assignment:"
|
|
msgstr "Vor Kopierauftrag:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "After copy-assignment:"
|
|
msgstr "Nach der Kopierzuweisung:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C++ has made a slightly different choice than Rust. Because `=` copies data, "
|
|
"the string data has to be cloned. Otherwise we would get a double-free when "
|
|
"either string goes out of scope."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C++ also has [`std::move`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/move), "
|
|
"which is used to indicate when a value may be moved from. If the example had "
|
|
"been `s2 = std::move(s1)`, no heap allocation would take place. After the move, "
|
|
"`s1` would be in a valid but unspecified state. Unlike Rust, the programmer is "
|
|
"allowed to keep using `s1`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike Rust, `=` in C++ can run arbitrary code as determined by the type which "
|
|
"is being copied or moved."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/clone.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes you _want_ to make a copy of a value. The `Clone` trait accomplishes "
|
|
"this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/clone.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The idea of `Clone` is to make it easy to spot where heap allocations are "
|
|
"occurring. Look for `.clone()` and a few others like `vec!` or `Box::new`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/clone.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It's common to \"clone your way out\" of problems with the borrow checker, and "
|
|
"return later to try to optimize those clones away."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/clone.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`clone` generally performs a deep copy of the value, meaning that if you e.g. "
|
|
"clone an array, all of the elements of the array are cloned as well."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/clone.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The behavior for `clone` is user-defined, so it can perform custom cloning "
|
|
"logic if needed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Während die Bewegungssemantik der Standard ist, werden bestimmte Typen "
|
|
"standardmäßig kopiert:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait."
|
|
msgstr "Diese Typen implementieren das `Copy`\\-Merkmal."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie können Ihre eigenen Typen für die Verwendung von Kopiersemantik aktivieren:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data."
|
|
msgstr "Nach der Zuweisung besitzen sowohl `p1` als auch `p2` ihre eigenen Daten."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wir können auch `p1.clone()` verwenden, um die Daten explizit zu kopieren."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:"
|
|
msgstr "Kopieren und Klonen sind nicht dasselbe:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on "
|
|
"arbitrary objects."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Kopieren bezieht sich auf bitweises Kopieren von Speicherbereichen und "
|
|
"funktioniert nicht mit beliebigen Objekten."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Beim Kopieren ist keine benutzerdefinierte Logik möglich (im Gegensatz zu "
|
|
"Kopierkonstruktoren in C++)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by "
|
|
"implementing the `Clone` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Klonen ist eine allgemeinere Operation und ermöglicht auch benutzerdefiniertes "
|
|
"Verhalten durch Implementieren der Eigenschaft \"Klonen\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Kopieren funktioniert nicht bei Typen, die das `Drop`\\-Merkmal "
|
|
"implementieren."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In the above example, try the following:"
|
|
msgstr "Versuchen Sie im obigen Beispiel Folgendes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` is "
|
|
"not a `Copy` type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Fügen Sie ein `String`\\-Feld zu `struct Point` hinzu. Es wird nicht "
|
|
"kompiliert, da `String` kein `Copy`\\-Typ ist."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the "
|
|
"`println!` for `p1`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Entfernen Sie „Copy“ aus dem „derive“-Attribut. Der Compiler-Fehler steht jetzt "
|
|
"im `println!` für `p1`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead."
|
|
msgstr "Zeigen Sie, dass es funktioniert, wenn Sie stattdessen `p1` klonen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Shared references are `Copy`/`Clone`, mutable references are not. This is "
|
|
"because Rust requires that mutable references be exclusive, so while it's valid "
|
|
"to make a copy of a shared reference, creating a copy of a mutable reference "
|
|
"would violate Rust's borrowing rules."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `Drop` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "Die `Drop`\\-Eigenschaft"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Values which implement [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop."
|
|
"html) can specify code to run when they go out of scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Werte, die \"Drop\" implementieren, können Code angeben, der ausgeführt werden "
|
|
"soll, wenn sie den Gültigkeitsbereich verlassen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid "\"Dropping {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"a\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "\"b\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid "\"c\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid "\"d\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid "\"Exiting block B\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid "\"Exiting block A\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid "\"Exiting main\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid "Note that `std::mem::drop` is not the same as `std::ops::Drop::drop`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid "Values are automatically dropped when they go out of scope."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When a value is dropped, if it implements `std::ops::Drop` then its `Drop::"
|
|
"drop` implementation will be called."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All its fields will then be dropped too, whether or not it implements `Drop`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::mem::drop` is just an empty function that takes any value. The "
|
|
"significance is that it takes ownership of the value, so at the end of its "
|
|
"scope it gets dropped. This makes it a convenient way to explicitly drop values "
|
|
"earlier than they would otherwise go out of scope."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This can be useful for objects that do some work on `drop`: releasing locks, "
|
|
"closing files, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?"
|
|
msgstr "Warum nimmt `Drop::drop` nicht `self`?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of the "
|
|
"block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack overflow!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Kurzantwort: Wenn ja, würde `std::mem::drop` am Ende von aufgerufen werden den "
|
|
"Block, was zu einem weiteren Aufruf von `Drop::drop` und einem Stack führt "
|
|
"Überlauf!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`."
|
|
msgstr "Versuchen Sie, `drop(a)` durch `a.drop()` zu ersetzen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, we will implement a complex data type that owns all of its "
|
|
"data. We will use the \"builder pattern\" to support building a new value piece-"
|
|
"by-piece, using convenience functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Fill in the missing pieces."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A representation of a software package.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Return a representation of this package as a dependency, for use in\n"
|
|
" /// building other packages.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"1\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// A builder for a Package. Use `build()` to create the `Package` itself.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"2\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Set the package version.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Set the package authors.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"3\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Add an additional dependency.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"4\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Set the language. If not set, language defaults to None.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"5\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"base64\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"0.13\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"base64: {base64:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"log\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"0.4\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"log: {log:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"serde\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"djmitche\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"4.0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"serde: {serde:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"0.1\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Box<T>"
|
|
msgstr "`Kasten`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md
|
|
msgid "Rc"
|
|
msgstr "Rc"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) is an owned "
|
|
"pointer to data on the heap:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) ist ein eigener "
|
|
"Zeiger auf Daten auf dem Heap:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid "\"five: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Box<T>` implements `Deref<Target = T>`, which means that you can [call methods "
|
|
"from `T` directly on a `Box<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref."
|
|
"html#more-on-deref-coercion)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Box<T>` implementiert `Deref<Target = T>`, was bedeutet, dass Sie [Methoden "
|
|
"aufrufen können von `T` direkt auf eine `Box<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes cannot be stored inline "
|
|
"without a pointer indirection. `Box` accomplishes that indirection:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rekursive Datentypen oder Datentypen mit dynamischer Größe müssen eine `Box` "
|
|
"verwenden:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid "/// A non-empty list: first element and the rest of the list.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid "/// An empty list.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid "\"{list:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"list : : :\n"
|
|
": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ +------+----"
|
|
"+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | Element | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Element | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // "
|
|
"| // | :\n"
|
|
": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ +------+----"
|
|
"+----+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be not "
|
|
"null."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid "A `Box` can be useful when you:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"have a type whose size can't be known at compile time, but the Rust compiler "
|
|
"wants to know an exact size."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large "
|
|
"amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` so "
|
|
"only the pointer is moved."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `Box` was not used and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the "
|
|
"`List`, the compiler would not be able to compute a fixed size for the struct "
|
|
"in memory (the `List` would be of infinite size)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and just "
|
|
"points at the next element of the `List` in the heap."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. We get the "
|
|
"message \"recursive without indirection\", because for data recursion, we have "
|
|
"to use indirection, a `Box` or reference of some kind, instead of storing the "
|
|
"value directly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Though `Box` looks like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, it cannot be empty/null. This "
|
|
"makes `Box` one of the types that allow the compiler to optimize storage of "
|
|
"some enums (the \"niche optimization\")."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) is a reference-counted "
|
|
"shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer to the same data from multiple "
|
|
"places:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) ist ein "
|
|
"referenzgezählter gemeinsamer Zeiger. Verwenden Sie dies, wenn Sie verweisen "
|
|
"müssen auf dieselben Daten von mehreren Orten:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
msgid "\"a: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
msgid "\"b: {b}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared-state/arc.md) and [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) if you are in a multi-threaded context."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can _downgrade_ a shared pointer into a [`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/rc/struct.Weak.html) pointer to create cycles that will get dropped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there are "
|
|
"references."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
msgid "`Rc` in Rust is like `std::shared_ptr` in C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and increases "
|
|
"the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally be ignored "
|
|
"when looking for performance issues in code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") "
|
|
"and returns a mutable reference."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
msgid "Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc::downgrade` gives you a _weakly reference-counted_ object to create cycles "
|
|
"that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with `RefCell`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We previously saw how trait objects can be used with references, e.g `&dyn "
|
|
"Pet`. However, we can also use trait objects with smart pointers like `Box` to "
|
|
"create an owned trait object: `Box<dyn Pet>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:"
|
|
msgstr "Speicherlayout nach Zuweisung von `xs`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": \"pets: Vec<Box<dyn Pet>>\" : : \"data: Cat\" +----+----"
|
|
"+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +-------+-------+ | F | i | d | "
|
|
"o | :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+-------+--. : | lives | 9 | +----+----+----"
|
|
"+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | len | 2 | : | : +-------+-------+ "
|
|
"^ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 2 | : | : ^ "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : | : | "
|
|
"'-------. :\n"
|
|
": : | : | data:"
|
|
"\"Dog\"| :\n"
|
|
": : | : | +-------+--|-------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -' | : +---|-+-----+ | name | o, 4, 4 "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" `--+-->| o o | o o-|----->| age | 5 "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : +-|---+-|---+ +-------+----------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" `- - -| - - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- - -'\n"
|
|
" | |\n"
|
|
" | | "
|
|
"\"Program text\"\n"
|
|
" .- - -| - - |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- - -.\n"
|
|
" : | | "
|
|
"vtable :\n"
|
|
" : | | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : | `----->| \"<Dog as Pet>::"
|
|
"talk\" | :\n"
|
|
" : | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : | "
|
|
"vtable :\n"
|
|
" : | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : '----------->| \"<Cat as Pet>::"
|
|
"talk\" | :\n"
|
|
" : +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : :\n"
|
|
" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it "
|
|
"impossible to have things like `Vec<dyn Pet>` in the example above."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Merkmale können vorimplementierte (Standard-)Methoden und Methoden "
|
|
"spezifizieren, die Benutzer selbst implementieren müssen. Methoden mit "
|
|
"Standardimplementierungen können sich auf erforderliche Methoden stützen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that "
|
|
"implements `Pet`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Typen, die ein bestimmtes Merkmal implementieren, können unterschiedlich groß "
|
|
"sein. Das macht es unmöglich Dinge wie `Vec<Greet>` im obigen Beispiel zu haben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the example, `pets` is allocated on the stack and the vector data is on the "
|
|
"heap. The two vector elements are _fat pointers_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A fat pointer is a double-width pointer. It has two components: a pointer to "
|
|
"the actual object and a pointer to the [virtual method table](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_method_table) (vtable) for the `Pet` implementation "
|
|
"of that particular object."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"„dyn Greet“ ist eine Möglichkeit, dem Compiler einen Typ mit dynamischer Größe "
|
|
"mitzuteilen, der „Greet“ implementiert."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The data for the `Dog` named Fido is the `name` and `age` fields. The `Cat` has "
|
|
"a `lives` field."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Compare these outputs in the above example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Im Beispiel enthält `pets` Fat Pointer auf Objekte, die `Greet` implementieren. "
|
|
"Der Fat Pointer besteht aus zwei Komponenten, einem Zeiger auf das tatsächliche "
|
|
"Objekt und einem Zeiger auf die virtuelle Methodentabelle für die \"Greet\"-"
|
|
"Implementierung dieses bestimmten Objekts."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A binary tree is a tree-type data structure where every node has two children "
|
|
"(left and right). We will create a tree where each node stores a value. For a "
|
|
"given node N, all nodes in a N's left subtree contain smaller values, and all "
|
|
"nodes in N's right subtree will contain larger values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Implement the following types, so that the given tests pass."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Extra Credit: implement an iterator over a binary tree that returns the values "
|
|
"in order."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A node in the binary tree.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A possibly-empty subtree.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// A container storing a set of values, using a binary tree.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// If the same value is added multiple times, it is only stored once.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// Implement `new`, `insert`, `len`, and `has` for `Subtree`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// not a unique item\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/solution.md src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "\"bar\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 1 hour and 55 "
|
|
"minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As we saw before, instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, "
|
|
"you can let a function _borrow_ the value:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Anstatt den Besitz beim Aufruf einer Funktion zu übertragen, können Sie a "
|
|
"function _borrow_ den Wert:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die `add`\\-Funktion _leiht_ zwei Punkte und gibt einen neuen Punkt zurück."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The caller retains ownership of the inputs."
|
|
msgstr "Der Aufrufer behält das Eigentum an den Eingaben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide is a review of the material on references from day 1, expanding "
|
|
"slightly to include function arguments and return values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Notes on stack returns and inlining:"
|
|
msgstr "Hinweise zur Stapelrückgabe:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can "
|
|
"eliminate the copy operation, by inlining the call to add into main. Change the "
|
|
"above code to print stack addresses and run it on the [Playground](https://play."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=release&edition=2021&gist=0cb13be1c05d7e3446686ad9947c4671) "
|
|
"or look at the assembly in [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). In the "
|
|
"\"DEBUG\" optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay the "
|
|
"same when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust compiler can do automatic inlining, that can be disabled on a function "
|
|
"level with `#[inline(never)]`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Once disabled, the printed address will change on all optimization levels. "
|
|
"Looking at Godbolt or Playground, one can see that in this case, the return of "
|
|
"the value depends on the ABI, e.g. on amd64 the two i32 that is making up the "
|
|
"point will be returned in 2 registers (eax and edx)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust's _borrow checker_ puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values. "
|
|
"We've already seen that a reference cannot _outlive_ the value it borrows:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust schränkt die Art und Weise ein, wie Sie Werte ausleihen können:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There's also a second main rule that the borrow checker enforces: The "
|
|
"_aliasing_ rule. For a given value, at any time:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can have one or more shared references to the value, _or_"
|
|
msgstr "Sie können jederzeit einen oder mehrere `&T`\\-Werte haben, _oder_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can have exactly one exclusive reference to the value."
|
|
msgstr "Sie können genau einen `&mut T`\\-Wert haben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"outlives\" rule was demonstrated previously when we first looked at "
|
|
"references. We review it here to show students that the borrow checking is "
|
|
"following a few different rules to validate borrowing."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that the requirement is that conflicting references not _exist_ at the "
|
|
"same point. It does not matter where the reference is dereferenced."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through "
|
|
"`c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der obige Code lässt sich nicht kompilieren, da `a` gleichzeitig als "
|
|
"veränderlich (durch `c`) und als unveränderlich (durch `b`) ausgeliehen wird."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` to "
|
|
"make the code compile."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Verschieben Sie die `println!`\\-Anweisung für `b` vor den Gültigkeitsbereich, "
|
|
"der `c` einführt, um den Code zu kompilieren."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before the "
|
|
"new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow checker "
|
|
"called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nach dieser Änderung erkennt der Compiler, dass `b` immer nur vor dem neuen "
|
|
"änderbaren Borgen von `a` bis `c` verwendet wird. Dies ist eine Funktion des "
|
|
"Borrow-Checkers, die als \"nicht-lexikalische Lebensdauern\" bezeichnet wird."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The exclusive reference constraint is quite strong. Rust uses it to ensure that "
|
|
"data races do not occur. Rust also _relies_ on this constraint to optimize "
|
|
"code. For example, a value behind a shared reference can be safely cached in a "
|
|
"register for the lifetime of that reference."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The borrow checker is designed to accommodate many common patterns, such as "
|
|
"taking exclusive references to different fields in a struct at the same time. "
|
|
"But, there are some situations where it doesn't quite \"get it\" and this often "
|
|
"results in \"fighting with the borrow checker.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/examples.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As a concrete example of how these borrowing rules prevent memory errors, "
|
|
"consider the case of modifying a collection while there are references to its "
|
|
"elements:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/examples.md
|
|
msgid "\"{elem}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/examples.md
|
|
msgid "Similarly, consider the case of iterator invalidation:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/examples.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In both of these cases, modifying the collection by pushing new elements into "
|
|
"it can potentially invalidate existing references to the collection's elements "
|
|
"if the collection has to reallocate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In some situations, it's necessary to modify data behind a shared (read-only) "
|
|
"reference. For example, a shared data structure might have an internal cache, "
|
|
"and wish to update that cache from read-only methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"interior mutability\" pattern allows exclusive (mutable) access behind a "
|
|
"shared reference. The standard library provides several ways to do this, all "
|
|
"while still ensuring safety, typically by performing a runtime check."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Cell`"
|
|
msgstr "`Zelle<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Cell` wraps a value and allows getting or setting the value using only a "
|
|
"shared reference to the `Cell`. However, it does not allow any references to "
|
|
"the inner value. Since there are no references, borrowing rules cannot be "
|
|
"broken."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid "// Note that `cell` is NOT declared as mutable.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`RefCell`"
|
|
msgstr "`RefCell<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`RefCell` allows accessing and mutating a wrapped value by providing "
|
|
"alternative types `Ref` and `RefMut` that emulate `&T`/`&mut T` without "
|
|
"actually being Rust references."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types perform dynamic checks using a counter in the `RefCell` to prevent "
|
|
"existence of a `RefMut` alongside another `Ref`/`RefMut`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By implementing `Deref` (and `DerefMut` for `RefMut`), these types allow "
|
|
"calling methods on the inner value without allowing references to escape."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// This triggers an error at runtime.\n"
|
|
" // let other = cell.borrow();\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"{}\", *other);\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid "\"{cell:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The main thing to take away from this slide is that Rust provides _safe_ ways "
|
|
"to modify data behind a shared reference. There are a variety of ways to ensure "
|
|
"that safety, and `RefCell` and `Cell` are two of them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`RefCell` enforces Rust's usual borrowing rules (either multiple shared "
|
|
"references or a single exclusive reference) with a runtime check. In this case, "
|
|
"all borrows are very short and never overlap, so the checks always succeed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The extra block in the `RefCell` example is to end the borrow created by the "
|
|
"call to `borrow_mut` before we print the cell. Trying to print a borrowed "
|
|
"`RefCell` just shows the message `\"{borrowed}\"`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Cell` is a simpler means to ensure safety: it has a `set` method that takes "
|
|
"`&self`. This needs no runtime check, but requires moving values, which can "
|
|
"have its own cost."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Both `RefCell` and `Cell` are `!Sync`, which means `&RefCell` and `&Cell` can't "
|
|
"be passed between threads. This prevents two threads trying to access the cell "
|
|
"at once."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, you "
|
|
"need to keep track of users' health statistics."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie arbeiten an der Implementierung eines Gesundheitsüberwachungssystems. Als "
|
|
"Teil davon Sie müssen die Gesundheitsstatistiken der Benutzer verfolgen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You'll start with a stubbed function in an `impl` block as well as a `User` "
|
|
"struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out method on the "
|
|
"`User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie beginnen mit einigen Stub-Funktionen in einem `impl`\\-Block sowie einem "
|
|
"`User` Strukturdefinition. Ihr Ziel ist es, die Stubbed-out-Methoden auf dem zu "
|
|
"implementieren `User` `struct` definiert im `impl` Block."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
|
|
"method:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und füllen "
|
|
"Sie die fehlenden aus Methoden:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Update a user's statistics based on measurements from a visit to the doctor\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md src/borrowing/solution.md
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
msgid "\"Bob\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md src/borrowing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"I'm {} and my age is {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A reference has a _lifetime_, which must not \"outlive\" the value it refers "
|
|
"to. This is verified by the borrow checker."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The lifetime can be implicit - this is what we have seen so far. Lifetimes can "
|
|
"also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`. Lifetimes start with `'` and "
|
|
"`'a` is a typical default name. Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which "
|
|
"is valid for at least the lifetime `a`\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime "
|
|
"yourself. Explicit lifetime annotations create constraints where there is "
|
|
"ambiguity; the compiler verifies that there is a valid solution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Lifetimes become more complicated when considering passing values to and "
|
|
"returning values from functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid "// What is the lifetime of p3?\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid "\"p3: {p3:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, the compiler does not know what lifetime to infer for `p3`. "
|
|
"Looking inside the function body shows that it can only safely assume that "
|
|
"`p3`'s lifetime is the shorter of `p1` and `p2`. But just like types, Rust "
|
|
"requires explicit annotations of lifetimes on function arguments and return "
|
|
"values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid "Add `'a` appropriately to `left_most`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This says, \"given p1 and p2 which both outlive `'a`, the return value lives "
|
|
"for at least `'a`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid "In common cases, lifetimes can be elided, as described on the next slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls"
|
|
msgstr "Lebensdauern in Funktionsaufrufen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Lifetimes for function arguments and return values must be fully specified, but "
|
|
"Rust allows lifetimes to be elided in most cases with [a few simple rules]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html). This is not "
|
|
"inference -- it is just a syntactic shorthand."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid "Each argument which does not have a lifetime annotation is given one."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If there is only one argument lifetime, it is given to all un-annotated return "
|
|
"values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If there are multiple argument lifetimes, but the first one is for `self`, that "
|
|
"lifetime is given to all un-annotated return values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid "In this example, `cab_distance` is trivially elided."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `nearest` function provides another example of a function with multiple "
|
|
"references in its arguments that requires explicit annotation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid "Try adjusting the signature to \"lie\" about the lifetimes returned:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This won't compile, demonstrating that the annotations are checked for validity "
|
|
"by the compiler. Note that this is not the case for raw pointers (unsafe), and "
|
|
"this is a common source of errors with unsafe Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students may ask when to use lifetimes. Rust borrows _always_ have lifetimes. "
|
|
"Most of the time, elision and type inference mean these don't need to be "
|
|
"written out. In more complicated cases, lifetime annotations can help resolve "
|
|
"ambiguity. Often, especially when prototyping, it's easier to just work with "
|
|
"owned data by cloning values where necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures"
|
|
msgstr "Lebensdauern in Datenstrukturen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn ein Datentyp geliehene Daten speichert, muss er mit einer Lebensdauer "
|
|
"versehen werden:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "\"Bye {text}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "// erase(text);\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "\"{fox:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "\"{dog:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data "
|
|
"underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of "
|
|
"`Highlight` that uses that data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Im obigen Beispiel erzwingt die Anmerkung zu `Highlight`, dass die Daten, die "
|
|
"dem enthaltenen `&str` zugrunde liegen, mindestens so lange leben wie jede "
|
|
"Instanz von `Highlight`, die diese Daten verwendet."
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), the "
|
|
"borrow checker throws an error."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn `text` vor dem Ende der Lebensdauer von `fox` (oder `dog`) verbraucht "
|
|
"wird, wirft der Borrow-Checker einen Fehler."
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This can "
|
|
"be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them somewhat "
|
|
"harder to use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Typen mit geliehenen Daten zwingen Benutzer, an den Originaldaten festzuhalten. "
|
|
"Dies kann nützlich sein, um einfache Ansichten zu erstellen, macht sie jedoch "
|
|
"im Allgemeinen etwas schwieriger zu verwenden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "When possible, make data structures own their data directly."
|
|
msgstr "Wenn möglich, machen Sie Datenstrukturen direkt Eigentümer ihrer Daten."
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime "
|
|
"annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe lifetime "
|
|
"relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the lifetime of "
|
|
"the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Einige Strukturen mit mehreren darin enthaltenen Referenzen können mehr als "
|
|
"eine lebenslange Anmerkung haben. Dies kann erforderlich sein, wenn zusätzlich "
|
|
"zur Lebensdauer der Struktur selbst Lebensdauerbeziehungen zwischen den "
|
|
"Referenzen selbst beschrieben werden müssen. Das sind sehr fortgeschrittene "
|
|
"Anwendungsfälle."
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you will build a parser for the [protobuf binary encoding]"
|
|
"(https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/). Don't worry, it's simpler "
|
|
"than it seems! This illustrates a common parsing pattern, passing slices of "
|
|
"data. The underlying data itself is never copied."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Fully parsing a protobuf message requires knowing the types of the fields, "
|
|
"indexed by their field numbers. That is typically provided in a `proto` file. "
|
|
"In this exercise, we'll encode that information into `match` statements in "
|
|
"functions that get called for each field."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "We'll use the following proto:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Messages"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A proto message is encoded as a series of fields, one after the next. Each is "
|
|
"implemented as a \"tag\" followed by the value. The tag contains a field number "
|
|
"(e.g., `2` for the `id` field of a `Person` message) and a wire type defining "
|
|
"how the payload should be determined from the byte stream. These are combined "
|
|
"into a single integer, as decoded in `unpack_tag` below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Varint"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Integers, including the tag, are represented with a variable-length encoding "
|
|
"called VARINT. Luckily, `parse_varint` is defined for you below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Wire Types"
|
|
msgstr "Skalare Typen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Proto defines several wire types, only two of which are used in this exercise."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Varint` wire type contains a single varint, and is used to encode proto "
|
|
"values of type `int32` such as `Person.id`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Len` wire type contains a length expressed as a varint, followed by a "
|
|
"payload of that number of bytes. This is used to encode proto values of type "
|
|
"`string` such as `Person.name`. It is also used to encode proto values "
|
|
"containing sub-messages such as `Person.phones`, where the payload contains an "
|
|
"encoding of the sub-message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The given code also defines callbacks to handle `Person` and `PhoneNumber` "
|
|
"fields, and to parse a message into a series of calls to those callbacks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What remains for you is to implement the `parse_field` function and the "
|
|
"`ProtoMessage` trait for `Person` and `PhoneNumber`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A wire type as seen on the wire.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// The Varint WireType indicates the value is a single VARINT.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// The I64 WireType indicates that the value is precisely 8 bytes in\n"
|
|
" // little-endian order containing a 64-bit signed integer or double type.\n"
|
|
" //I64, -- not needed for this exercise\n"
|
|
" /// The Len WireType indicates that the value is a length represented as a\n"
|
|
" /// VARINT followed by exactly that number of bytes.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// The I32 WireType indicates that the value is precisely 4 bytes in\n"
|
|
" // little-endian order containing a 32-bit signed integer or float type.\n"
|
|
" //I32, -- not needed for this exercise\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A field's value, typed based on the wire type.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "//I64(i64), -- not needed for this exercise\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "//I32(i32), -- not needed for this exercise\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A field, containing the field number and its value.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "//1 => WireType::I64, -- not needed for this exercise\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "//5 => WireType::I32, -- not needed for this exercise\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid wire type: {value}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Expected string to be a `Len` field\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid string\""
|
|
msgstr "String"
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Expected bytes to be a `Len` field\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Expected `u64` to be a `Varint` field\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Parse a VARINT, returning the parsed value and the remaining bytes.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Not enough bytes for varint\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// This is the last byte of the VARINT, so convert it to\n"
|
|
" // a u64 and return it.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// More than 7 bytes is invalid.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Too many bytes for varint\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Convert a tag into a field number and a WireType.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Parse a field, returning the remaining bytes\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Based on the wire type, build a Field, consuming as many bytes as necessary.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"Return the field, and any un-consumed bytes.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Parse a message in the given data, calling `T::add_field` for each field "
|
|
"in\n"
|
|
"/// the message.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// The entire input is consumed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: Implement ProtoMessage for Person and PhoneNumber.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md src/testing/unit-tests.md src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"beautiful name\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Evan\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"+1234-777-9090\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"home\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// Put that all together into a single parse.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"maxwell\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"+1202-555-1212\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"+1800-867-5308\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"mobile\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise there are various cases where protobuf parsing might fail, e."
|
|
"g. if you try to parse an `i32` when there are fewer than 4 bytes left in the "
|
|
"data buffer. In normal Rust code we'd handle this with the `Result` enum, but "
|
|
"for simplicity in this exercise we panic if any errors are encountered. On day "
|
|
"4 we'll cover error handling in Rust in more detail."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"len not a valid `usize`\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected EOF\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// skip everything else\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 4"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen zu Tag 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Today we will cover topics relating to building large-scale software in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Heute werden wir einige fortgeschrittenere Themen von Rust behandeln:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid "Iterators: a deep dive on the `Iterator` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid "Modules and visibility."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Testing."
|
|
msgstr "Testen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid "Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe Rust: the escape hatch when you can't express yourself in safe Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 50 "
|
|
"minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Iterator Trait"
|
|
msgstr "Iteratoren"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Iterator Helper Methods"
|
|
msgstr "`Iterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "collect"
|
|
msgstr "Aufstellen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "IntoIterator"
|
|
msgstr "`IntoIterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/motivation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Motivating Iterators"
|
|
msgstr "Strings und Iteratoren"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/motivation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to iterate over the contents of an array, you'll need to define:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/motivation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some state to keep track of where you are in the iteration process, e.g. an "
|
|
"index."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/motivation.md
|
|
msgid "A condition to determine when iteration is done."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/motivation.md
|
|
msgid "Logic for updating the state of iteration each loop."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/motivation.md
|
|
msgid "Logic for fetching each element using that iteration state."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/motivation.md
|
|
msgid "In a C-style for loop you declare these things directly:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/motivation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In Rust we bundle this state and logic together into an object known as an "
|
|
"\"iterator\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/motivation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide provides context for what Rust iterators do under the hood. We use "
|
|
"the (hopefully) familiar construct of a C-style `for` loop to show how "
|
|
"iteration requires some state and some logic, that way on the next slide we can "
|
|
"show how an iterator bundles these together."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/motivation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust doesn't have a C-style `for` loop, but we can express the same thing with "
|
|
"`while`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/motivation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There's another way to express array iteration using `for` in C and C++: You "
|
|
"can use a pointer to the front and a pointer to the end of the array and then "
|
|
"compare those pointers to determine when the loop should end."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/motivation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students ask, you can point out that this is how Rust's slice and array "
|
|
"iterators work under the hood (though implemented as a Rust iterator)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) trait "
|
|
"defines how an object can be used to produce a sequence of values. For example, "
|
|
"if we wanted to create an iterator that can produce the elements of a slice it "
|
|
"might look something like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `SliceIter` example implements the same logic as the C-style `for` loop "
|
|
"demonstrated on the last slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Point out to the students that iterators are lazy: Creating the iterator just "
|
|
"initializes the struct but does not otherwise do any work. No work happens "
|
|
"until the `next` method is called."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Iterators don't need to be finite! It's entirely valid to have an iterator that "
|
|
"will produce values forever. For example, a half open range like `0..` will "
|
|
"keep going until integer overflow occurs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"real\" version of `SliceIter` is the [`slice::Iter`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/stable/std/slice/struct.Iter.html) type in the standard library, "
|
|
"however the real version uses pointers under the hood instead of an index in "
|
|
"order to eliminate bounds checks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `SliceIter` example is a good example of a struct that contains a reference "
|
|
"and therefore uses lifetime annotations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can also demonstrate adding a generic parameter to `SliceIter` to allow it "
|
|
"to work with any kind of slice (not just `&[i32]`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/helpers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition to the `next` method that defines how an iterator behaves, the "
|
|
"`Iterator` trait provides 70+ helper methods that can be used to build "
|
|
"customized iterators."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/helpers.md
|
|
msgid "// Create a range from 1 to 10\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/helpers.md
|
|
msgid "// Keep only even numbers\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/helpers.md
|
|
msgid "// Square each number\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/helpers.md
|
|
msgid "// Sum up all the squared numbers\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/helpers.md
|
|
msgid "\"The sum of squares of even numbers from 1 to 10 is: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/helpers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming operations "
|
|
"over collections (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is the trait where "
|
|
"you can find all the documentation about them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/helpers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Many of these helper methods take the original iterator and produce a new "
|
|
"iterator with different behavior. These are know as \"iterator adapter "
|
|
"methods\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/helpers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some methods, like `sum` and `count`, consume the iterator and pull all of the "
|
|
"elements out of it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/helpers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These methods are designed to be chained together so that it's easy to build a "
|
|
"custom iterator that does exactly what you need."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/helpers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust's iterators are extremely efficient and highly optimizable. Even complex "
|
|
"iterators made by combining many adapter methods will still result in code as "
|
|
"efficient as equivalent imperative implementations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/collect.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method."
|
|
"collect) method lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Mit „FromIterator“ können Sie eine Sammlung aus einem „Iterator“ erstellen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/collect.md
|
|
msgid "\"prime_squares: {prime_squares:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/collect.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Any iterator can be collected in to a `Vec`, `VecDeque`, or `HashSet`. "
|
|
"Iterators that produce key-value pairs (i.e. a two-element tuple) can also be "
|
|
"collected into `HashMap` and `BTreeMap`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/collect.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show the students the definition for `collect` in the standard library docs. "
|
|
"There are two ways to specify the generic type `B` for this method:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/collect.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With the \"turbofish\": `some_iterator.collect::<COLLECTION_TYPE>()`, as shown. "
|
|
"The `_` shorthand used here lets Rust infer the type of the `Vec` elements."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/collect.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With type inference: `let prime_squares: Vec<_> = some_iterator.collect()`. "
|
|
"Rewrite the example to use this form."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/collect.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students are curious about how this works, you can bring up the "
|
|
"[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) "
|
|
"trait, which defines how each type of collection gets built from an iterator."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie können das `Iterator`\\-Merkmal für Ihre eigenen Typen implementieren:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/collect.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition to the basic implementations of `FromIterator` for `Vec`, "
|
|
"`HashMap`, etc., there are also more specialized implementations which let you "
|
|
"do cool things like convert an `Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` into a "
|
|
"`Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es gibt auch Implementierungen, mit denen Sie coole Dinge tun können, wie z "
|
|
"`Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` in ein `Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/collect.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The reason type annotations are often needed with `collect` is because it's "
|
|
"generic over its return type. This makes it harder for the compiler to infer "
|
|
"the correct type in a lot of cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an "
|
|
"iterator. The related trait [`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/"
|
|
"trait.IntoIterator.html) defines how to create an iterator for a type. It is "
|
|
"used automatically by the `for` loop."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die Eigenschaft „Iterator“ sagt Ihnen, wie Sie _iteraten_, sobald Sie eine "
|
|
"erstellt haben Iterator. Die zugehörige Eigenschaft `IntoIterator` sagt Ihnen, "
|
|
"wie Sie den Iterator erstellen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
msgid "\"point = {x}, {y}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by "
|
|
"collection types such as `Vec<T>` and references to them such as `&Vec<T>` and "
|
|
"`&[T]`. Ranges also implement it. This is why you can iterate over a vector "
|
|
"with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Click through to the docs for `IntoIterator`. Every implementation of "
|
|
"`IntoIterator` must declare two types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die Syntax hier bedeutet, dass jede Implementierung von `IntoIterator` muss "
|
|
"deklarieren Sie zwei Arten:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Item`: the type to iterate over, such as `i8`,"
|
|
msgstr "`Item`: der Typ, über den wir iterieren, wie z. B. `i8`,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`IntoIter`: der `Iterator`\\-Typ, der von der `into_iter`\\-Methode "
|
|
"zurückgegeben wird."
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same "
|
|
"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option<Item>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Beachten Sie, dass „IntoIter“ und „Item“ verknüpft sind: Der Iterator muss "
|
|
"dasselbe haben `Item`\\-Typ, was bedeutet, dass es `Option<Item>` zurückgibt"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
msgid "The example iterates over all combinations of x and y coordinates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try iterating over the grid twice in `main`. Why does this fail? Note that "
|
|
"`IntoIterator::into_iter` takes ownership of `self`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Fix this issue by implementing `IntoIterator` for `&Grid` and storing a "
|
|
"reference to the `Grid` in `GridIter`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The same problem can occur for standard library types: `for e in some_vector` "
|
|
"will take ownership of `some_vector` and iterate over owned elements from that "
|
|
"vector. Use `for e in &some_vector` instead, to iterate over references to "
|
|
"elements of `some_vector`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you will need to find and use some of the provided methods in "
|
|
"the [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) trait "
|
|
"to implement a complex calculation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie können das `Iterator`\\-Merkmal für Ihre eigenen Typen implementieren:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and make the tests "
|
|
"pass. Use an iterator expression and `collect` the result to construct the "
|
|
"return value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und führen "
|
|
"Sie die Tests durch passieren. Versuchen Sie, Ihren Zwischenergebnissen kein "
|
|
"„Vec“ zuzuweisen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/exercise.md src/iterators/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Calculate the differences between elements of `values` offset by `offset`,\n"
|
|
"/// wrapping around from the end of `values` to the beginning.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// Element `n` of the result is `values[(n+offset)%len] - values[n]`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid "use, super, self"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wir haben gesehen, wie `impl`\\-Blöcke Namensraumfunktionen zu einem Typ machen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:"
|
|
msgstr "In ähnlicher Weise lässt uns `mod` Namespace-Typen und -Funktionen zu:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md
|
|
msgid "\"In the foo module\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md
|
|
msgid "\"In the bar module\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that describes "
|
|
"how to build a bundle of 1+ crates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and a "
|
|
"library crate compiles to a library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md
|
|
msgid "Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid "Omitting the module content will tell Rust to look for it in another file:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This tells Rust that the `garden` module content is found at `src/garden.rs`. "
|
|
"Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at `src/garden/vegetables."
|
|
"rs`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `crate` root is in:"
|
|
msgstr "Die „Kiste“-Wurzel befindet sich in:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)"
|
|
msgstr "`src/lib.rs` (für eine Bibliothekskiste)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)"
|
|
msgstr "`src/main.rs` (für eine Binärkiste)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc comments\". "
|
|
"These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a module."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant "
|
|
"germination\n"
|
|
"//! implementation.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid "// Re-export types from this module.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid "/// Sow the given seed packets.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid "/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Before Rust 2018, modules needed to be located at `module/mod.rs` instead of "
|
|
"`module.rs`, and this is still a working alternative for editions after 2018."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The main reason to introduce `filename.rs` as alternative to `filename/mod.rs` "
|
|
"was because many files named `mod.rs` can be hard to distinguish in IDEs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid "Deeper nesting can use folders, even if the main module is a file:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The place rust will look for modules can be changed with a compiler directive:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid "\"some/path.rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module in a "
|
|
"file named `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:"
|
|
msgstr "Module sind eine Datenschutzgrenze:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Module items are private by default (hides implementation details)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Modulelemente sind standardmäßig privat (versteckt Implementierungsdetails)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Parent and sibling items are always visible."
|
|
msgstr "Übergeordnete und gleichgeordnete Elemente sind immer sichtbar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all the "
|
|
"descendants of `foo`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid "\"outer::private\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid "\"outer::public\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid "\"outer::inner::private\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid "\"outer::inner::public\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid "Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope of "
|
|
"public visibility."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-"
|
|
"privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid "Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid "Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of its "
|
|
"descendants)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/encapsulation.md
|
|
msgid "Visibility and Encapsulation"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/encapsulation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like with items in a module, struct fields are also private by default. Private "
|
|
"fields are likewise visible within the rest of the module (including child "
|
|
"modules). This allows us to encapsulate implementation details of struct, "
|
|
"controlling what data and functionality is visible externally."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/encapsulation.md
|
|
msgid "\"Is {} big? {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/encapsulation.md
|
|
msgid "\"foo.val = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/encapsulation.md
|
|
msgid "// let foo = Foo { val: 42, is_big: true };\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/encapsulation.md
|
|
msgid "// println!(\"Is {} big? {}\", foo.val, foo.is_big);\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/encapsulation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide demonstrates how privacy in structs is module-based. Students coming "
|
|
"from object oriented languages may be used to types being the encapsulation "
|
|
"boundary, so this demonstrates how Rust behaves differently while showing how "
|
|
"we can still achieve encapsulation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/encapsulation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note how the `is_big` field is fully controlled by `Foo`, allowing `Foo` to "
|
|
"control how it's initialized and enforce any invariants it needs to (e.g. that "
|
|
"`is_big` is only `true` if `val > 100`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/encapsulation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Point out how helper functions can be defined in the same module (including "
|
|
"child modules) in order to get access to the type's private fields/methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/encapsulation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The first commented out line demonstrates that you cannot initialize a struct "
|
|
"with private fields. The second one demonstrates that you also can't directly "
|
|
"access private fields."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/encapsulation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Enums do not support privacy: Variants and data within those variants is always "
|
|
"public."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/encapsulation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students want more information about privacy (or lack thereof) in enums, you "
|
|
"can bring up `#[doc_hidden]` and `#[non_exhaustive]` and show how they're used "
|
|
"to limit what can be done with an enum."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/encapsulation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Module privacy still applies when there are `impl` blocks in other modules "
|
|
"[(example in the playground)](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3e61f43c88de12bcdf69c1d6df9ab3da)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Testen Sie den obigen Code auf [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`. You will "
|
|
"typically see something like this at the top of each module:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid "Paths"
|
|
msgstr "Pfade"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:"
|
|
msgstr "Pfade werden wie folgt aufgelöst:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "As a relative path:"
|
|
msgstr "Als absoluter Pfad:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`crate::foo` bezieht sich auf `foo` im Stammverzeichnis der aktuellen Kiste,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module."
|
|
msgstr "`bar::foo` bezieht sich auf `foo` in der `bar`\\-Crate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid "As an absolute path:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid "`crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid "`bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is common to \"re-export\" symbols at a shorter path. For example, the top-"
|
|
"level `lib.rs` in a crate might have"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"making `DiskStorage` and `NetworkStorage` available to other crates with a "
|
|
"convenient, short path."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the most part, only items that appear in a module need to be `use`'d. "
|
|
"However, a trait must be in scope to call any methods on that trait, even if a "
|
|
"type implementing that trait is already in scope. For example, to use the "
|
|
"`read_to_string` method on a type implementing the `Read` trait, you need to "
|
|
"`use std::io::Read`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `use` statement can have a wildcard: `use std::io::*`. This is discouraged "
|
|
"because it is not clear which items are imported, and those might change over "
|
|
"time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you will reorganize a small GUI Library implementation. This "
|
|
"library defines a `Widget` trait and a few implementations of that trait, as "
|
|
"well as a `main` function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is typical to put each type or set of closely-related types into its own "
|
|
"module, so each widget type should get its own module."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Cargo Setup"
|
|
msgstr "Einrichtung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust playground only supports one file, so you will need to make a Cargo "
|
|
"project on your local filesystem:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Edit the resulting `src/main.rs` to add `mod` statements, and add additional "
|
|
"files in the `src` directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Source"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Here's the single-module implementation of the GUI library:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"{buffer}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// Add 4 paddings for borders\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// TODO: Change draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use the\n"
|
|
" // ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"| {:^inner_width$} |\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"+={:=<inner_width$}=+\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"| {:inner_width$} |\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// add a bit of padding\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"+{:-<width$}+\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"|{:^width$}|\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"This is a small text GUI demo.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Click me!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Encourage students to divide the code in a way that feels natural for them, and "
|
|
"get accustomed to the required `mod`, `use`, and `pub` declarations. Afterward, "
|
|
"discuss what organizations are most idiomatic."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/widgets.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/widgets/label.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/widgets/button.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/widgets/window.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n"
|
|
" // Add 4 paddings for borders\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n"
|
|
" // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n"
|
|
" // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/main.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework. Tests are marked with "
|
|
"`#[test]`. Unit tests are often put in a nested `tests` module, using "
|
|
"`#[cfg(test)]` to conditionally compile them only when building tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Hello World\""
|
|
msgstr "Hallo Welt!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "This lets you unit test private helpers."
|
|
msgstr "Damit können Sie private Helfer testen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Attribut `#[cfg(test)]` ist nur aktiv, wenn Sie `cargo test` ausführen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
msgid "Run the tests in the playground in order to show their results."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
msgid "Integration Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Integrationstests"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn Sie Ihre Bibliothek als Client testen möchten, verwenden Sie einen "
|
|
"Integrationstest."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:"
|
|
msgstr "Erstellen Sie eine `.rs`\\-Datei unter `tests/`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
msgid "// tests/my_library.rs\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate."
|
|
msgstr "Diese Tests haben nur Zugriff auf die öffentliche API Ihrer Crate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
msgid "Documentation Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Dokumentationstests"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust hat eine eingebaute Unterstützung für Dokumentationstests:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"/// # use playground::shorten_string;\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Codeblöcke in `///`\\-Kommentaren werden automatisch als Rust-Code angesehen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`."
|
|
msgstr "Der Code wird im Rahmen von „Cargo Test“ kompiliert und ausgeführt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Adding `#` in the code will hide it from the docs, but will still compile/run "
|
|
"it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Testen Sie den obigen Code auf [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust compiler produces fantastic error messages, as well as helpful built-"
|
|
"in lints. [Clippy](https://doc.rust-lang.org/clippy/) provides even more lints, "
|
|
"organized into groups that can be enabled per-project."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md
|
|
msgid "\"X probably fits in a u16, right? {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the code sample and examine the error message. There are also lints visible "
|
|
"here, but those will not be shown once the code compiles. Switch to the "
|
|
"Playground site to show those lints."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After resolving the lints, run `clippy` on the playground site to show clippy "
|
|
"warnings. Clippy has extensive documentation of its lints, and adds new lints "
|
|
"(including default-deny lints) all the time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that errors or warnings with `help: ...` can be fixed with `cargo fix` or "
|
|
"via your editor."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used to "
|
|
"validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and does "
|
|
"the following to validate the credit card number:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dazu dient der [Luhn-Algorithmus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
|
|
"Luhn_algorithm). Kreditkartennummern validieren. Der Algorithmus nimmt eine "
|
|
"Zeichenfolge als Eingabe und führt die aus Folgendes, um die Kreditkartennummer "
|
|
"zu validieren:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Ignore all spaces. Reject numbers with fewer than two digits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Moving from **right to left**, double every second digit: for the number "
|
|
"`1234`, we double `3` and `1`. For the number `98765`, we double `6` and `8`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After doubling a digit, sum the digits if the result is greater than 9. So "
|
|
"doubling `7` becomes `14` which becomes `1 + 4 = 5`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The provided code provides a buggy implementation of the luhn algorithm, along "
|
|
"with two basic unit tests that confirm that most of the algorithm is "
|
|
"implemented correctly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and write additional tests "
|
|
"to uncover bugs in the provided implementation, fixing any bugs you find."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und füllen "
|
|
"Sie die fehlenden aus Funktionen und Methoden:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"4263 9826 4026 9299\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"4539 3195 0343 6467\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"7992 7398 713\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"4223 9826 4026 9299\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"4539 3195 0343 6476\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"8273 1232 7352 0569\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// This is the buggy version that appears in the problem.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// This is the solution and passes all of the tests below.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// New: accept whitespace.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// New: reject all other characters.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// New: check that we have at least two digits\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"1234 5678 1234 5670\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"yes\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"no\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"foo 0 0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\" \""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\" \""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\" \""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\" 0 0 \""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Error Trait"
|
|
msgstr "Die `Drop`\\-Eigenschaft"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "thiserror"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "anyhow"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md src/error-handling/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Rewriting with Result"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "Rust handles fatal errors with a \"panic\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust löst eine Panik aus, wenn zur Laufzeit ein schwerwiegender Fehler auftritt:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "\"v[100]: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors."
|
|
msgstr "Paniken sind für nicht behebbare und unerwartete Fehler."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program."
|
|
msgstr "Paniken sind Symptome von Fehlern im Programm."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "Runtime failures like failed bounds checks can panic"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "Assertions (such as `assert!`) panic on failure"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "Purpose-specific panics can use the `panic!` macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A panic will \"unwind\" the stack, dropping values just as if the functions had "
|
|
"returned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Verwenden Sie Anti-Panik-APIs (wie `Vec::get`), wenn ein Absturz nicht "
|
|
"akzeptabel ist."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be caught:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Standardmäßig führt eine Panik dazu, dass der Stack abgewickelt wird. Die "
|
|
"Abwicklung kann gefangen werden:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "\"No problem here!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "\"{result:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "\"oh no!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Catching is unusual; do not attempt to implement exceptions with `catch_unwind`!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single "
|
|
"request crashes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dies kann bei Servern nützlich sein, die auch bei einem einzigen weiterlaufen "
|
|
"sollen Anfrage stürzt ab."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dies funktioniert nicht, wenn in Ihrer `Cargo.toml` `panic = 'abort'` gesetzt "
|
|
"ist."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Our primary mechanism for error handling in Rust is the [`Result`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/stable/std/result/enum.Result.html) enum, which we briefly saw "
|
|
"when discussing standard library types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Result` has two variants: `Ok` which contains the success value, and `Err` "
|
|
"which contains an error value of some kind."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Whether or not a function can produce an error is encoded in the function's "
|
|
"type signature by having the function return a `Result` value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like with `Option`, there is no way to forget to handle an error: You cannot "
|
|
"access either the success value or the error value without first pattern "
|
|
"matching on the `Result` to check which variant you have. Methods like `unwrap` "
|
|
"make it easier to write quick-and-dirty code that doesn't do robust error "
|
|
"handling, but means that you can always see in your source code where proper "
|
|
"error handling is being skipped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It may be helpful to compare error handling in Rust to error handling "
|
|
"conventions that students may be familiar with from other programming languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid "Many languages use exceptions, e.g. C++, Java, Python."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In most languages with exceptions, whether or not a function can throw an "
|
|
"exception is not visible as part of its type signature. This generally means "
|
|
"that you can't tell when calling a function if it may throw an exception or not."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Exceptions generally unwind the call stack, propagating upward until a `try` "
|
|
"block is reached. An error originating deep in the call stack may impact an "
|
|
"unrelated function further up."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid "Error Numbers"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some languages have functions return an error number (or some other error "
|
|
"value) separately from the successful return value of the function. Examples "
|
|
"include C and Go."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Depending on the language it may be possible to forget to check the error "
|
|
"value, in which case you may be accessing an uninitialized or otherwise invalid "
|
|
"success value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Runtime errors like connection-refused or file-not-found are handled with the "
|
|
"`Result` type, but matching this type on every call can be cumbersome. The try-"
|
|
"operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you turn the common"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "into the much simpler"
|
|
msgstr "ins viel einfachere"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handling code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wir können dies verwenden, um unseren Fehlerbehandlungscode zu vereinfachen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
msgid "//fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror.md src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "\"config.dat\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid "\"username or error: {username:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
msgid "Simplify the `read_username` function to use `?`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die Variable „username“ kann entweder „Ok(string)“ oder „Err(error)“ sein."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty "
|
|
"file, file with username."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Verwenden Sie den `fs::write`\\-Aufruf, um die verschiedenen Szenarien zu "
|
|
"testen: keine Datei, leere Datei, Datei mit Benutzername."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `main` can return a `Result<(), E>` as long as it implements `std::"
|
|
"process::Termination`. In practice, this means that `E` implements `Debug`. The "
|
|
"executable will print the `Err` variant and return a nonzero exit status on "
|
|
"error."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously "
|
|
"indicated:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die effektive Erweiterung von „?“ ist etwas komplizierter als zuvor angedeutet:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "works the same as"
|
|
msgstr "funktioniert genauso wie"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to the "
|
|
"type returned by the function. This makes it easy to encapsulate errors into "
|
|
"higher-level errors."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der `From::from`\\-Aufruf hier bedeutet, dass wir versuchen, den Fehlertyp in "
|
|
"den zu konvertieren Typ, der von der Funktion zurückgegeben wird:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid "\"I/O error: {e}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Found no username in {path}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid "//std::fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `?` operator must return a value compatible with the return type of the "
|
|
"function. For `Result`, it means that the error types have to be compatible. A "
|
|
"function that returns `Result<T, ErrorOuter>` can only use `?` on a value of "
|
|
"type `Result<U, ErrorInner>` if `ErrorOuter` and `ErrorInner` are the same type "
|
|
"or if `ErrorOuter` implements `From<ErrorInner>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A common alternative to a `From` implementation is `Result::map_err`, "
|
|
"especially when the conversion only happens in one place."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There is no compatibility requirement for `Option`. A function returning "
|
|
"`Option<T>` can use the `?` operator on `Option<U>` for arbitrary `T` and `U` "
|
|
"types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A function that returns `Result` cannot use `?` on `Option` and vice versa. "
|
|
"However, `Option::ok_or` converts `Option` to `Result` whereas `Result::ok` "
|
|
"turns `Result` into `Option`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
msgid "Dynamic Error Types"
|
|
msgstr "Dynamische Fehlertypen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing our "
|
|
"own enum covering all the different possibilities. The `std::error::Error` "
|
|
"trait makes it easy to create a trait object that can contain any error."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Manchmal möchten wir zulassen, dass jede Art von Fehler zurückgegeben wird, "
|
|
"ohne unsere eigene Enum-Abdeckung zu schreiben all die verschiedenen "
|
|
"Möglichkeiten. `std::error::Error` macht das einfach."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
msgid "\"count.dat\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
msgid "\"1i3\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
msgid "\"Count: {count}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
msgid "\"Error: {err}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `read_count` function can return `std::io::Error` (from file operations) or "
|
|
"`std::num::ParseIntError` (from `String::parse`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Boxing errors saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle "
|
|
"different error cases differently in the program. As such it's generally not a "
|
|
"good idea to use `Box<dyn Error>` in the public API of a library, but it can be "
|
|
"a good option in a program where you just want to display the error message "
|
|
"somewhere."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dies spart Code, gibt aber die Möglichkeit auf, verschiedene Fehlerfälle sauber "
|
|
"unterschiedlich zu behandeln das Programm. Daher ist es im Allgemeinen keine "
|
|
"gute Idee, `Box<dyn Error>` in der öffentlichen API von a zu verwenden "
|
|
"Bibliothek, aber es kann eine gute Option in einem Programm sein, in dem Sie "
|
|
"nur die Fehlermeldung anzeigen möchten irgendwo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make sure to implement the `std::error::Error` trait when defining a custom "
|
|
"error type so it can be boxed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) crate provides macros to help "
|
|
"avoid boilerplate when defining error types. It provides derive macros that "
|
|
"assist in implementing `From<T>`, `Display`, and the `Error` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror.md
|
|
msgid "\"I/O error: {0}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror.md src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "\"Found no username in {0}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror.md src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "//fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror.md src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "\"Username: {username}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror.md src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "\"Error: {err:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Error` derive macro is provided by `thiserror`, and has lots of useful "
|
|
"attributes to help define error types in a compact way."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror.md
|
|
msgid "The message from `#[error]` is used to derive the `Display` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that the (`thiserror::`)`Error` derive macro, while it has the effect of "
|
|
"implementing the (`std::error::`)`Error` trait, is not the same this; traits "
|
|
"and macros do not share a namespace."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`anyhow`](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate provides a rich error type with "
|
|
"support for carrying additional contextual information, which can be used to "
|
|
"provide a semantic trace of what the program was doing leading up to the error."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This can be combined with the convenience macros from [`thiserror`](https://"
|
|
"docs.rs/thiserror/) to avoid writing out trait impls explicitly for custom "
|
|
"error types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to open {path}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to read\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box<dyn Error>`. As such it's "
|
|
"again generally not a good choice for the public API of a library, but is "
|
|
"widely used in applications."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Error` ist im Wesentlichen ein Wrapper um `Box<dyn Error>`. Als "
|
|
"solches ist es wieder im Allgemeinen nicht eine gute Wahl für die öffentliche "
|
|
"API einer Bibliothek, wird aber häufig in Anwendungen verwendet."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`anyhow::Result<V>` is a type alias for `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`."
|
|
msgstr "`anyhow::Result<V>` ist ein Typ-Alias für `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Functionality provided by `anyhow::Error` may be familiar to Go developers, as "
|
|
"it provides similar behavior to the Go `error` type and `Result<T, anyhow::"
|
|
"Error>` is much like a Go `(T, error)` (with the convention that only one "
|
|
"element of the pair is meaningful)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die von `anyhow::Result<T>` bereitgestellte Funktionalität ist Go-Entwicklern "
|
|
"möglicherweise vertraut, da sie bereitgestellt wird ähnliche Nutzungsmuster und "
|
|
"Ergonomie wie `(T, error)` von Go."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Context` is a trait implemented for the standard `Result` and `Option` "
|
|
"types. `use anyhow::Context` is necessary to enable `.context()` and `."
|
|
"with_context()` on those types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/anyhow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Error` has support for downcasting, much like `std::any::Any`; the "
|
|
"specific error type stored inside can be extracted for examination if desired "
|
|
"with [`Error::downcast`](https://docs.rs/anyhow/latest/anyhow/struct.Error."
|
|
"html#method.downcast)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise we're revisiting the expression evaluator exercise that we did "
|
|
"in day 2. Our initial solution ignores a possible error case: Dividing by zero! "
|
|
"Rewrite `eval` to instead use idiomatic error handling to handle this error "
|
|
"case and return an error when it occurs. We provide a simple "
|
|
"`DivideByZeroError` type to use as the error type for `eval`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// The original implementation of the expression evaluator. Update this to\n"
|
|
"// return a `Result` and produce an error when dividing by 0.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"Cannot divide by zero!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The starting code here isn't exactly the same as the previous exercise's "
|
|
"solution: We've added in an explicit panic to show students where the error "
|
|
"case is. Point this out if students get confused."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 5 minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The Rust language has two parts:"
|
|
msgstr "Die Rust-Sprache besteht aus zwei Teilen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "**Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible."
|
|
msgstr "**Safe Rust:** Speichersicher, kein undefiniertes Verhalten möglich."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"**Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are violated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"**Unsicherer Rost:** kann undefiniertes Verhalten auslösen, wenn Vorbedingungen "
|
|
"verletzt werden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We saw mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to know what Unsafe "
|
|
"Rust is."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wir werden in diesem Kurs hauptsächlich sicheres Rust sehen, aber es ist "
|
|
"wichtig zu wissen was unsicherer Rost ist."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be "
|
|
"carefully documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Unsicherer Code ist normalerweise klein und isoliert, und seine Korrektheit "
|
|
"sollte sorgfältig geprüft werden dokumentiert. Es ist normalerweise in eine "
|
|
"sichere Abstraktionsschicht eingeschlossen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:"
|
|
msgstr "Unsafe Rust bietet Ihnen Zugriff auf fünf neue Funktionen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Dereference raw pointers."
|
|
msgstr "Rohzeiger dereferenzieren."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Access or modify mutable static variables."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Greifen Sie auf veränderliche statische Variablen zu oder ändern Sie diese."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Access `union` fields."
|
|
msgstr "Greifen Sie auf `Union`\\-Felder zu."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions."
|
|
msgstr "„Unsichere“ Funktionen aufrufen, einschließlich „externer“ Funktionen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Implement `unsafe` traits."
|
|
msgstr "Implementieren Sie \"unsichere\" Eigenschaften."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please see "
|
|
"[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-"
|
|
"rust.html) and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Als nächstes werden wir uns kurz mit unsicheren Fähigkeiten befassen. "
|
|
"Ausführliche Informationen finden Sie unter [Kapitel 19.1 im Rust-Buch](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html) und das \\[Rustonomicon\\] "
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers have "
|
|
"turned off some compiler safety features and have to write correct code by "
|
|
"themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety rules."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Unsicherer Rost bedeutet nicht, dass der Code falsch ist. Es bedeutet, dass "
|
|
"Entwickler haben die Compiler-Sicherheitsfunktionen ausgeschaltet haben und "
|
|
"korrekten Code schreiben müssen sich. Das bedeutet, dass der Compiler die "
|
|
"Speichersicherheitsregeln von Rust nicht mehr erzwingt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Erstellen von Zeigern ist sicher, aber das Dereferenzieren erfordert "
|
|
"\"unsicher\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid "\"careful!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are guaranteed to\n"
|
|
" // be non-null and properly aligned, the objects underlying the references\n"
|
|
" // from which they were obtained are live throughout the whole unsafe\n"
|
|
" // block, and they are not accessed either through the references or\n"
|
|
" // concurrently through any other pointers.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid "\"r1 is: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid "\"uhoh\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid "\"r2 is: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// NOT SAFE. DO NOT DO THIS.\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" let r3: &String = unsafe { &*r1 };\n"
|
|
" drop(s);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r3 is: {}\", *r3);\n"
|
|
" */"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write a "
|
|
"comment for each `unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it satisfies the "
|
|
"safety requirements of the unsafe operations it is doing."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es ist eine gute Praxis (und vom Android Rust Styleguide vorgeschrieben), für "
|
|
"jeden einen Kommentar zu schreiben \"unsicherer\" Block, der erklärt, wie der "
|
|
"darin enthaltene Code die Sicherheitsanforderungen des unsicheren Codes erfüllt "
|
|
"Operationen, die es tut."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be "
|
|
"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Im Fall von Zeigerdereferenzen bedeutet dies, dass die Zeiger sein müssen "
|
|
"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), also:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The pointer must be non-null."
|
|
msgstr "Der Zeiger darf nicht null sein."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single allocated "
|
|
"object)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der Zeiger muss _dereferenzierbar_ sein (innerhalb der Grenzen eines einzelnen "
|
|
"zugewiesenen Objekts)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The object must not have been deallocated."
|
|
msgstr "Das Objekt darf nicht freigegeben worden sein."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location."
|
|
msgstr "Es darf nicht gleichzeitig auf denselben Standort zugegriffen werden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object must "
|
|
"be live and no reference may be used to access the memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn der Zeiger durch Casting einer Referenz erhalten wurde, muss das zugrunde "
|
|
"liegende Objekt live sein und nein Referenz kann verwendet werden, um auf den "
|
|
"Speicher zuzugreifen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned."
|
|
msgstr "In den meisten Fällen muss auch der Zeiger richtig ausgerichtet werden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"NOT SAFE\" section gives an example of a common kind of UB bug: `*r1` has "
|
|
"the `'static` lifetime, so `r3` has type `&'static String`, and thus outlives "
|
|
"`s`. Creating a reference from a pointer requires _great care_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:"
|
|
msgstr "Es ist sicher, eine unveränderliche statische Variable zu lesen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Hello, world!\""
|
|
msgstr "Hallo Welt!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
msgid "\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable "
|
|
"static variables:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Da es jedoch zu Datenrennen kommen kann, ist es unsicher, änderbar zu lesen und "
|
|
"zu schreiben statische Variablen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: There are no other threads which could be accessing `COUNTER`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
msgid "\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The program here is safe because it is single-threaded. However, the Rust "
|
|
"compiler is conservative and will assume the worst. Try removing the `unsafe` "
|
|
"and see how the compiler explains that it is undefined behavior to mutate a "
|
|
"static from multiple threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases where "
|
|
"it might make sense in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a heap "
|
|
"allocator or working with some C APIs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die Verwendung eines änderbaren statischen Werts ist im Allgemeinen eine "
|
|
"schlechte Idee, aber es gibt einige Fälle, in denen es sinnvoll sein könnte in "
|
|
"`no_std`\\-Code auf niedriger Ebene, wie z. B. die Implementierung eines Heap-"
|
|
"Allokators oder die Arbeit mit einigen C-APIs."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Unions sind wie Aufzählungen, aber Sie müssen das aktive Feld selbst verfolgen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md
|
|
msgid "\"int: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md
|
|
msgid "\"bool: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "// Undefined behavior!\n"
|
|
msgstr "Kein undefiniertes Verhalten (undefined behavior) zur Laufzeit:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They are "
|
|
"occasionally needed for interacting with C library APIs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Unions werden in Rust sehr selten benötigt, da Sie normalerweise eine "
|
|
"Aufzählung verwenden können. Sie werden gelegentlich benötigt für die "
|
|
"Interaktion mit C-Bibliotheks-APIs."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably want "
|
|
"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn.transmute."
|
|
"html) or a safe wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/"
|
|
"zerocopy) crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn Sie Bytes nur als einen anderen Typ neu interpretieren möchten, möchten "
|
|
"Sie dies wahrscheinlich tun [`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"stable/std/mem/fn.transmute.html) oder einen Safe Wrapper wie die Kiste "
|
|
"[`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Unsichere Funktionen aufrufen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions you "
|
|
"must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Eine Funktion oder Methode kann als „unsicher“ gekennzeichnet werden, wenn sie "
|
|
"zusätzliche Voraussetzungen für Sie hat muss eingehalten werden, um "
|
|
"undefiniertes Verhalten zu vermeiden:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"C\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"🗻∈🌏\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: The indices are in the correct order, within the bounds of the\n"
|
|
" // string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"emoji: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"char count: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: `abs` doesn't deal with pointers and doesn't have any safety\n"
|
|
" // requirements.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Unsichere Funktionen schreiben"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular "
|
|
"conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie können Ihre eigenen Funktionen als \"unsicher\" markieren, wenn sie "
|
|
"bestimmte Bedingungen erfordern, um undefined zu vermeiden Verhalten."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "// SAFETY: ...\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"a = {}, b = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`get_unchecked`, like most `_unchecked` functions, is unsafe, because it can "
|
|
"create UB if the range is incorrect. `abs` is unsafe for a different reason: it "
|
|
"is an external function (FFI). Calling external functions is usually only a "
|
|
"problem when those functions do things with pointers which might violate Rust's "
|
|
"memory model, but in general any C function might have undefined behaviour "
|
|
"under any arbitrary circumstances."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dies ist normalerweise nur ein Problem für externe Funktionen, die "
|
|
"möglicherweise Dinge mit Zeigern tun verletzen das Speichermodell von Rust, "
|
|
"aber im Allgemeinen kann jede C-Funktion undefiniertes Verhalten unter jeder "
|
|
"haben willkürliche Umstände."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI; [other ABIs are available too](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We wouldn't actually use pointers for a `swap` function - it can be done safely "
|
|
"with references."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wir würden dafür eigentlich keine Zeiger verwenden, da dies mit Referenzen "
|
|
"sicher möglich ist."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an `unsafe` "
|
|
"block. We can prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Try adding "
|
|
"it and see what happens. This will likely change in a future Rust edition."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Beachten Sie, dass unsicherer Code innerhalb einer unsicheren Funktion ohne "
|
|
"einen „unsicheren“ Block zulässig ist. Wir können verbieten Sie dies mit "
|
|
"`#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Versuchen Sie es hinzuzufügen und sehen Sie, "
|
|
"was passiert."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Unsichere Merkmale implementieren"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation "
|
|
"must guarantee particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wie bei Funktionen können Sie ein Merkmal als \"unsicher\" markieren, wenn die "
|
|
"Implementierung dies gewährleisten muss besondere Bedingungen, um undefiniertes "
|
|
"Verhalten zu vermeiden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks [something "
|
|
"like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.IntoBytes.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Zum Beispiel hat die „Nullkopie“-Kiste eine unsichere Eigenschaft, die aussieht "
|
|
"[etwas in der Art](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// ...\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
msgid "// SAFETY: `u32` has a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining "
|
|
"the requirements for the trait to be safely implemented."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es sollte einen Abschnitt „# Sicherheit“ im Rustdoc für das Merkmal geben, in "
|
|
"dem die Anforderungen für erklärt werden die sicher zu implementierende "
|
|
"Eigenschaft."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The actual safety section for `IntoBytes` is rather longer and more complicated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der eigentliche Sicherheitsabschnitt für `AsBytes` ist etwas länger und "
|
|
"komplizierter."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die eingebauten Eigenschaften „Senden“ und „Synchronisieren“ sind unsicher."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper"
|
|
msgstr "Sicherer FFI-Wrapper"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function "
|
|
"interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc` "
|
|
"functions you would use from C to read the names of files in a directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust bietet großartige Unterstützung für den Aufruf von Funktionen über eine "
|
|
"_foreign-Funktion Schnittstelle_ (FFI). Wir werden dies verwenden, um einen "
|
|
"sicheren Wrapper für die `libc` zu erstellen Funktionen, die Sie von C "
|
|
"verwenden würden, um die Dateinamen eines Verzeichnisses zu lesen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:"
|
|
msgstr "Sie werden die Handbuchseiten konsultieren wollen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)"
|
|
msgstr "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)"
|
|
msgstr "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
|
|
msgstr "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"ffi/) module. There you find a number of string types which you need for the "
|
|
"exercise:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Encoding"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Use"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) and [`String`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "UTF-8"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Text processing in Rust"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) and [`CString`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "NUL-terminated"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Communicating with C functions"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) and [`OsString`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "OS-specific"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Communicating with the OS"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "You will convert between all these types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&str` to `CString`: you need to allocate space for a trailing `\\0` character,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "`CString` to `*const i8`: you need a pointer to call C functions,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`*const i8` to `&CStr`: you need something which can find the trailing `\\0` "
|
|
"character,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&CStr` to `&[u8]`: a slice of bytes is the universal interface for \"some "
|
|
"unknown data\","
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&[u8]` to `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` is a step towards `OsString`, use [`OsStrExt`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) to create it,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&OsStr` to `OsString`: you need to clone the data in `&OsStr` to be able to "
|
|
"return it and call `readdir` again."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) also has a very "
|
|
"useful chapter about FFI."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
|
|
"functions and methods:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und füllen "
|
|
"Sie die fehlenden aus Funktionen und Methoden:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"macos\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t and\n"
|
|
" // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n"
|
|
" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"x86_64\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section on\n"
|
|
" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" "
|
|
"refers\n"
|
|
" // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and PowerPC.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"readdir$INODE64\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\".\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"files: {:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid path: {err}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Could not open {path:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// We have reached the end of the directory.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n"
|
|
" // terminated.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Could not close {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"no-such-directory\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Non UTF-8 character in path\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"..\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"foo.txt\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"The Foo Diaries\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"bar.png\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"<PNG>\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"crab.rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"//! Crab\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Rust in Android"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen zu Tag 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is supported for system software on Android. This means that you can write "
|
|
"new services, libraries, drivers or even firmware in Rust (or improve existing "
|
|
"code as needed)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust wird für die native Plattformentwicklung auf Android unterstützt. Das "
|
|
"bedeutet, dass Sie können neue Betriebssystemdienste in Rust schreiben und "
|
|
"erweitern bestehende Dienste."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The speaker may mention any of the following given the increased use of Rust in "
|
|
"Android:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Service example: [DNS over HTTP](https://security.googleblog.com/2022/07/dns-"
|
|
"over-http3-in-android.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Libraries: [Rutabaga Virtual Graphics Interface](https://crosvm.dev/book/"
|
|
"appendix/rutabaga_gfx.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Kernel Drivers: [Binder](https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/20231101-rust-"
|
|
"binder-v1-0-08ba9197f637@google.com/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Firmware: [pKVM firmware](https://security.googleblog.com/2023/10/bare-metal-"
|
|
"rust-in-android.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will be using a Cuttlefish Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make "
|
|
"sure you have access to one or create a new one with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wir werden ein Android Virtual Device verwenden, um unseren Code zu testen. "
|
|
"Stell sicher dass du hast Greifen Sie auf eines zu oder erstellen Sie ein neues "
|
|
"mit:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please see the [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/"
|
|
"setup/start) for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Bitte lesen Sie die \\[Android Developer Codelab\\] (https://source.android.com/"
|
|
"docs/setup/start) für Details."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The code on the following pages can be found in the [`src/android/` directory]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/tree/main/src/android) of the "
|
|
"course material. Please `git clone` the repository to follow along."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Cuttlefish is a reference Android device designed to work on generic Linux "
|
|
"desktops. MacOS support is also planned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Cuttlefish system image maintains high fidelity to real devices, and is the "
|
|
"ideal emulator to run many Rust use cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Android-Build-System (Soong) unterstützt Rust über eine Reihe von Modulen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Module Type"
|
|
msgstr "Modultyp"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Description"
|
|
msgstr "Beschreibung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_binary`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_binary`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust binary."
|
|
msgstr "Erzeugt eine Rust-Binärdatei."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_library`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_library`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and `dylib` variants."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Erzeugt eine Rust-Bibliothek und bietet sowohl `rlib`\\- als auch `dylib`\\-"
|
|
"Varianten."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_ffi`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_ffi`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and provides both static and "
|
|
"shared variants."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Erzeugt eine Rust-C-Bibliothek, die von `cc`\\-Modulen verwendet werden kann, "
|
|
"und bietet sowohl statische als auch gemeinsam genutzte Varianten."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_proc_macro`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_proc_macro`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are analogous to compiler plugins."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Erzeugt eine `proc-macro` Rust-Bibliothek. Diese sind analog zu Compiler-"
|
|
"Plugins."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_test`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_test`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard Rust test harness."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Erzeugt eine Rust-Test-Binärdatei, die die standardmäßige Rust-Testumgebung "
|
|
"verwendet."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_fuzz`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_fuzz`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging `libfuzzer`."
|
|
msgstr "Erzeugt eine Rust-Fuzz-Binärdatei, die `libfuzzer` nutzt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_protobuf`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_protobuf`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Generates source and produces a Rust library that provides an interface for a "
|
|
"particular protobuf."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Generiert Quellcode und erstellt eine Rust-Bibliothek, die eine Schnittstelle "
|
|
"für einen bestimmten Protobuf bereitstellt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_bindgen`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_bindgen`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Generates source and produces a Rust library containing Rust bindings to C "
|
|
"libraries."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Generiert Quellcode und erstellt eine Rust-Bibliothek, die Rust-Bindungen an C-"
|
|
"Bibliotheken enthält."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next."
|
|
msgstr "Als nächstes schauen wir uns `rust_binary` und `rust_library` an."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Additional items speaker may mention:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Cargo is not optimized for multi-language repos, and also downloads packages "
|
|
"from the internet."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For compliance and performance, Android must have crates in-tree. It must also "
|
|
"interop with C/C++/Java code. Soong fills that gap."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Soong has many similarities to [Bazel](https://bazel.build/), which is the open-"
|
|
"source variant of Blaze (used in google3)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Fun fact: Data from Star Trek is a Soong-type Android."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust Binaries"
|
|
msgstr "Rust-Binärdateien"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, create "
|
|
"the following files:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Beginnen wir mit einer einfachen Anwendung. Erstellen Sie im Stammverzeichnis "
|
|
"eines AOSP-Checkouts folgende Dateien:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md
|
|
msgid "\"hello_rust\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"src/main.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "//! Rust demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hello from Rust!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:"
|
|
msgstr "Sie können die Binärdatei jetzt erstellen, pushen und ausführen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust\" /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "Go through the build steps and demonstrate them running in your emulator."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice the extensive documentation comments? The Android build rules enforce "
|
|
"that all modules have documentation. Try removing it and see what error you get."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Stress that the Rust build rules look like the other Soong rules. This is on "
|
|
"purpose to make it as easy to use Rust as C++ or Java."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust Libraries"
|
|
msgstr "Rust-Bibliotheken"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie verwenden `rust_library`, um eine neue Rust-Bibliothek für Android zu "
|
|
"erstellen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:"
|
|
msgstr "Hier deklarieren wir eine Abhängigkeit von zwei Bibliotheken:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`libgreeting`, which we define below,"
|
|
msgstr "`libgreeting`, das wir unten definieren,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in [`external/rust/crates/`]"
|
|
"(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/"
|
|
"crates/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`libtextwrap`, das ist eine Kiste, in der bereits verkauft wird [`extern/rust/"
|
|
"crates/`](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:"
|
|
"external/rust/crates/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "\"hello_rust_with_dep\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "\"libgreetings\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "\"libtextwrap\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "// Need this to avoid dynamic link error.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "\"greetings\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"src/lib.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "//! Greeting library.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "/// Greet `name`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:"
|
|
msgstr "Sie erstellen, pushen und führen die Binärdatei wie zuvor aus:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep\" /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A Rust crate named `greetings` must be built by a rule called `libgreetings`. "
|
|
"Note how the Rust code uses the crate name, as is normal in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Again, the build rules enforce that we add documentation comments to all public "
|
|
"items."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)](https://developer.android."
|
|
"com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die [Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)](https://developer.android."
|
|
"com/guide/components/aidl) wird in Rust unterstützt:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust code can call existing AIDL servers,"
|
|
msgstr "Rust-Code kann bestehende AIDL-Server aufrufen,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can create new AIDL servers in Rust."
|
|
msgstr "Sie können neue AIDL-Server in Rust erstellen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md
|
|
msgid "AIDL is what enables Android apps to interact with each other."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Since Rust is supported as a first-class citizen in this ecosystem, Rust "
|
|
"services can be called by any other process on the phone."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/birthday-service.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To illustrate how to use Rust with Binder, we're going to walk through the "
|
|
"process of creating a Binder interface. We're then going to both implement the "
|
|
"described service and write client code that talks to that service."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "AIDL Interfaces"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL-Schnittstellen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:"
|
|
msgstr "Sie deklarieren die API Ihres Dienstes über eine AIDL-Schnittstelle:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md
|
|
msgid "/** Birthday service interface. */"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md
|
|
msgid "/** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md
|
|
msgid "\"com.example.birthdayservice\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md
|
|
msgid "// Rust is not enabled by default\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/interface.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that the directory structure under the `aidl/` directory needs to match "
|
|
"the package name used in the AIDL file, i.e. the package is `com.example."
|
|
"birthdayservice` and the file is at `aidl/com/example/IBirthdayService.aidl`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "Generated Service API"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "Binder generates a trait for each interface definition."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_out/soong/.intermediates/.../birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Your service will need to implement this trait, and your client will use this "
|
|
"trait to talk to the service."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Point out how the generated function signature, specifically the argument and "
|
|
"return types, correspond the interface definition."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service-bindings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` for an argument results in a different Rust type than `String` as a "
|
|
"return type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Service Implementation"
|
|
msgstr "Dienstimplementierung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:"
|
|
msgstr "Wir können jetzt den AIDL-Dienst implementieren:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md
|
|
msgid "//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n"
|
|
msgstr "Dienstimplementierung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
msgid "\"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthdayservice\""
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"birthdayservice\""
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
msgid "\"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
msgid "\"libbinder_rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Point out the path to the generated `IBirthdayService` trait, and explain why "
|
|
"each of the segments is necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/service.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"TODO: What does the `binder::Interface` trait do? Are there methods to "
|
|
"override? Where source?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "AIDL Server"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL-Server"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Schließlich können wir einen Server erstellen, der den Dienst verfügbar macht:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
msgid "//! Birthday service.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
msgid "/// Entry point for birthday service.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to register service\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"birthday_server\""
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"src/server.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
msgid "// To avoid dynamic link error.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The process for taking a user-defined service implementation (in this case the "
|
|
"`BirthdayService` type, which implements the `IBirthdayService`) and starting "
|
|
"it as a Binder service has multiple steps, and may appear more complicated than "
|
|
"students are used to if they've used Binder from C++ or another language. "
|
|
"Explain to students why each step is necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
msgid "Create an instance of your service type (`BirthdayService`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Wrap the service object in corresponding `Bn*` type (`BnBirthdayService` in "
|
|
"this case). This type is generated by Binder and provides the common Binder "
|
|
"functionality that would be provided by the `BnBinder` base class in C++. We "
|
|
"don't have inheritance in Rust, so instead we use composition, putting our "
|
|
"`BirthdayService` within the generated `BnBinderService`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Call `add_service`, giving it a service identifier and your service object (the "
|
|
"`BnBirthdayService` object in the example)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/server.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Call `join_thread_pool` to add the current thread to Binder's thread pool and "
|
|
"start listening for connections."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/deploy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:"
|
|
msgstr "Wir können den Dienst jetzt erstellen, pushen und starten:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/deploy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m birthday_server\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server\" /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"adb root\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/deploy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:"
|
|
msgstr "Überprüfen Sie in einem anderen Terminal, ob der Dienst ausgeführt wird:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/deploy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:"
|
|
msgstr "Sie können den Service auch mit `Service Call` aufrufen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "AIDL Client"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL-Client"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Schließlich können wir einen Rust-Client für unseren neuen Dienst erstellen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
msgid "/// Call the birthday service.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md src/android/aidl/types/objects.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to connect to BirthdayService\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
msgid "// Call the service.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
msgid "\"{msg}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"birthday_client\""
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"src/client.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`."
|
|
msgstr "Beachten Sie, dass der Client nicht von `libbirthdayservice` abhängt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:"
|
|
msgstr "Erstellen, pushen und führen Sie den Client auf Ihrem Gerät aus:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m birthday_client\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client\" /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>` is the trait object representing the service "
|
|
"that the client has connected to."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Strong` is a custom smart pointer type for Binder. It handles both an in-"
|
|
"process ref count for the service trait object, and the global Binder ref count "
|
|
"that tracks how many processes have a reference to the object."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that the trait object that the client uses to talk to the service uses the "
|
|
"exact same trait that the server implements. For a given Binder interface, "
|
|
"there is a single Rust trait generated that both client and server use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/client.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the same service identifier used when registering the service. This should "
|
|
"ideally be defined in a common crate that both the client and server can depend "
|
|
"on."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients specify a "
|
|
"list of lines for the birthday card:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Lassen Sie uns die API um mehr Funktionalität erweitern: Wir möchten, dass "
|
|
"Kunden a angeben Liste der Zeilen für die Geburtstagskarte:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md
|
|
msgid "This results in an updated trait definition for `IBirthdayService`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note how the `String[]` in the AIDL definition is translated as a `&[String]` "
|
|
"in Rust, i.e. that idiomatic Rust types are used in the generated bindings "
|
|
"wherever possible:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md
|
|
msgid "`in` array arguments are translated to slices."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md
|
|
msgid "`out` and `inout` args are translated to `&mut Vec<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-definition.md
|
|
msgid "Return values are translated to returning a `Vec<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md
|
|
msgid "Updating Client and Service"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md
|
|
msgid "Update the client and server code to account for the new API."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md
|
|
msgid "'\\n'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md
|
|
msgid "\"Habby birfday to yuuuuu\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md
|
|
msgid "\"And also: many more\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/example-service/changing-implementation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"TODO: Move code snippets into project files where they'll actually be built?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types.md
|
|
msgid "Working With AIDL Types"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types.md
|
|
msgid "AIDL types translate into the appropriate idiomatic Rust type:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types.md
|
|
msgid "Primitive types map (mostly) to idiomatic Rust types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types.md
|
|
msgid "Collection types like slices, `Vec`s and string types are supported."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"References to AIDL objects and file handles can be sent between clients and "
|
|
"services."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types.md
|
|
msgid "File handles and parcelables are fully supported."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "Primitive types map (mostly) idiomatically:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "AIDL Type"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust Type"
|
|
msgstr "Rost zum Beispiel"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "Note"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`boolean`"
|
|
msgstr "`true`, `false`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "`byte`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "`i8`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "Note that bytes are signed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "`u16`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "Note the usage of `u16`, NOT `u32`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "`int`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "`i32`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "`long`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "`i64`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "`float`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "`f32`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "`double`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/primitives.md
|
|
msgid "`f64`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The array types (`T[]`, `byte[]`, and `List<T>`) get translated to the "
|
|
"appropriate Rust array type depending on how they are used in the function "
|
|
"signature:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Position"
|
|
msgstr "Beschreibung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md
|
|
msgid "`in` argument"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`&[T]`"
|
|
msgstr "Anteilstypen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md
|
|
msgid "`out`/`inout` argument"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`&mut Vec<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`Vec`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md
|
|
msgid "Return"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Vec<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`Vec`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In Android 13 or higher, fixed-size arrays are supported, i.e. `T[N]` becomes "
|
|
"`[T; N]`. Fixed-size arrays can have multiple dimensions (e.g. `int[3][4]`). In "
|
|
"the Java backend, fixed-size arrays are represented as array types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/arrays.md
|
|
msgid "Arrays in parcelable fields always get translated to `Vec<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"AIDL objects can be sent either as a concrete AIDL type or as the type-erased "
|
|
"`IBinder` interface:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayInfoProvider.aidl_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md
|
|
msgid "/** The same thing, but using a binder object. */"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md
|
|
msgid "/** The same thing, but using `IBinder`. */"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md
|
|
msgid "/// Rust struct implementing the `IBirthdayInfoProvider` interface.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md
|
|
msgid "// Create a binder object for the `IBirthdayInfoProvider` interface.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md
|
|
msgid "// Send the binder object to the service.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Perform the same operation but passing the provider as an `SpIBinder`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/objects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note the usage of `BnBirthdayInfoProvider`. This serves the same purpose as "
|
|
"`BnBirthdayService` that we saw previously."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md
|
|
msgid "Binder for Rust supports sending parcelables directly:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/BirthdayInfo.aidl_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/parcelables.md
|
|
msgid "/** The same thing, but with a parcelable. */"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Files can be sent between Binder clients/servers using the "
|
|
"`ParcelFileDescriptor` type:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
msgid "/** The same thing, but loads info from a file. */"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
msgid "// Open a file and put the birthday info in it.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
msgid "\"/data/local/tmp/birthday.info\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
msgid "\"{name}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
msgid "\"{years}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
msgid "// Create a `ParcelFileDescriptor` from the file and send it.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Convert the file descriptor to a `File`. `ParcelFileDescriptor` wraps\n"
|
|
" // an `OwnedFd`, which can be cloned and then used to create a `File`\n"
|
|
" // object.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid file handle\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`ParcelFileDescriptor` wraps an `OwnedFd`, and so can be created from a `File` "
|
|
"(or any other type that wraps an `OwnedFd`), and can be used to create a new "
|
|
"`File` handle on the other side."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/types/file-descriptor.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Other types of file descriptors can be wrapped and sent, e.g. TCP, UDP, and "
|
|
"UNIX sockets."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Testing in Android"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen zu Tag 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Building on [Testing](../testing.md), we will now look at how unit tests work "
|
|
"in AOSP. Use the `rust_test` module for your unit tests:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_testing/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
msgid "\"libleftpad\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
msgid "\"leftpad\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
msgid "\"libleftpad_test\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
msgid "\"leftpad_test\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"general-tests\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_testing/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
msgid "//! Left-padding library.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
msgid "/// Left-pad `s` to `width`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
msgid "\"{s:>width$}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
msgid "\" foo\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
msgid "\"foobar\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can now run the test with"
|
|
msgstr "Sie können die Bindungen jetzt automatisch generieren:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The output looks like this:"
|
|
msgstr "Der Gesamtansatz sieht wie folgt aus:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"INFO: Elapsed time: 2.666s, Critical Path: 2.40s\n"
|
|
"INFO: 3 processes: 2 internal, 1 linux-sandbox.\n"
|
|
"INFO: Build completed successfully, 3 total actions\n"
|
|
"//comprehensive-rust-android/testing:libleftpad_test_host PASSED in "
|
|
"2.3s\n"
|
|
" PASSED libleftpad_test.tests::long_string (0.0s)\n"
|
|
" PASSED libleftpad_test.tests::short_string (0.0s)\n"
|
|
"Test cases: finished with 2 passing and 0 failing out of 2 test cases\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice how you only mention the root of the library crate. Tests are found "
|
|
"recursively in nested modules."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [GoogleTest](https://docs.rs/googletest/) crate allows for flexible test "
|
|
"assertions using _matchers_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "\"baz\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "\"xyz\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If we change the last element to `\"!\"`, the test fails with a structured "
|
|
"error message pin-pointing the error:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"GoogleTest is not part of the Rust Playground, so you need to run this example "
|
|
"in a local environment. Use `cargo add googletest` to quickly add it to an "
|
|
"existing Cargo project."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `use googletest::prelude::*;` line imports a number of [commonly used "
|
|
"macros and types](https://docs.rs/googletest/latest/googletest/prelude/index."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This just scratches the surface, there are many builtin matchers. Consider "
|
|
"going through the first chapter of [\"Advanced testing for Rust applications\"]"
|
|
"(https://rust-exercises.com/advanced-testing/), a self-guided Rust course: it "
|
|
"provides a guided introduction to the library, with exercises to help you get "
|
|
"comfortable with `googletest` macros, its matchers and its overall philosophy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A particularly nice feature is that mismatches in multi-line strings are shown "
|
|
"as a diff:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Memory safety found,\\n\\\n"
|
|
" Rust's strong typing guides the way,\\n\\\n"
|
|
" Secure code you'll write.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Memory safety found,\\n\\\n"
|
|
" Rust's silly humor guides the way,\\n\\\n"
|
|
" Secure code you'll write.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "shows a color-coded diff (colors not shown here):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The crate is a Rust port of [GoogleTest for C++](https://google.github.io/"
|
|
"googletest/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For mocking, [Mockall](https://docs.rs/mockall/) is a widely used library. You "
|
|
"need to refactor your code to use traits, which you can then quickly mock:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mockall is the recommended mocking library in Android (AOSP). There are other "
|
|
"[mocking libraries available on crates.io](https://crates.io/keywords/mock), in "
|
|
"particular in the area of mocking HTTP services. The other mocking libraries "
|
|
"work in a similar fashion as Mockall, meaning that they make it easy to get a "
|
|
"mock implementation of a given trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that mocking is somewhat _controversial_: mocks allow you to completely "
|
|
"isolate a test from its dependencies. The immediate result is faster and more "
|
|
"stable test execution. On the other hand, the mocks can be configured wrongly "
|
|
"and return output different from what the real dependencies would do."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If at all possible, it is recommended that you use the real dependencies. As an "
|
|
"example, many databases allow you to configure an in-memory backend. This means "
|
|
"that you get the correct behavior in your tests, plus they are fast and will "
|
|
"automatically clean up after themselves."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similarly, many web frameworks allow you to start an in-process server which "
|
|
"binds to a random port on `localhost`. Always prefer this over mocking away the "
|
|
"framework since it helps you test your code in the real environment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mockall is not part of the Rust Playground, so you need to run this example in "
|
|
"a local environment. Use `cargo add mockall` to quickly add Mockall to an "
|
|
"existing Cargo project."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mockall has a lot more functionality. In particular, you can set up "
|
|
"expectations which depend on the arguments passed. Here we use this to mock a "
|
|
"cat which becomes hungry 3 hours after the last time it was fed:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use `.times(n)` to limit the number of times a mock method can be "
|
|
"called to `n` --- the mock will automatically panic when dropped if this isn't "
|
|
"satisfied."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) or "
|
|
"`stdout` (on-host):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie sollten die `log`\\-Crate verwenden, um sich automatisch bei `logcat` (auf "
|
|
"dem Gerät) anzumelden oder `stdout` (auf dem Host):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"hello_rust_logs\""
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "\"liblog_rust\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "\"liblogger\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "//! Rust logging demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "/// Logs a greeting.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "\"rust\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "\"Starting program.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "\"Things are going fine.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "\"Something went wrong!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:"
|
|
msgstr "Erstellen, übertragen und führen Sie die Binärdatei auf Ihrem Gerät aus:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs\" /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:"
|
|
msgstr "Die Protokolle werden in `adb logcat` angezeigt:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The logger implementation in `liblogger` is only needed in the final binary, if "
|
|
"you're logging from a library you only need the `log` facade crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This "
|
|
"means that you can:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust bietet eine hervorragende Unterstützung für die Interoperabilität mit "
|
|
"anderen Sprachen. Das heisst dass du kannst:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Call Rust functions from other languages."
|
|
msgstr "Rufen Sie Rust-Funktionen aus anderen Sprachen auf."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Call functions written in other languages from Rust."
|
|
msgstr "Rufen Sie in anderen Sprachen geschriebene Funktionen von Rust auf."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a "
|
|
"_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn Sie Funktionen in einer Fremdsprache aufrufen, sagen wir, dass Sie a "
|
|
"verwenden _Fremdfunktionsschnittstelle_, auch bekannt als FFI."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a key ability of Rust: compiled code becomes indistinguishable from "
|
|
"compiled C or C++ code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Technically, we say that Rust can be compiled to the same [ABI](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface) (application binary interface) "
|
|
"as C code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Interoperability with C"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilität mit C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention. "
|
|
"Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust bietet volle Unterstützung für das Linken von Objektdateien mit einer C-"
|
|
"Aufrufkonvention. Ebenso können Sie Rust-Funktionen exportieren und von C aus "
|
|
"aufrufen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:"
|
|
msgstr "Sie können es von Hand tun, wenn Sie möchten:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
msgid "\"{x}, {abs_x}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper exercise](../../unsafe-rust/"
|
|
"exercise.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wir haben dies bereits im [Safe FFI Wrapper Übung](../../Übungen/Tag-3/safe-ffi-"
|
|
"wrapper.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for "
|
|
"production."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dies setzt vollständige Kenntnisse der Zielplattform voraus. Nicht "
|
|
"empfehlenswert für Produktion."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We will look at better options next."
|
|
msgstr "Wir werden uns als nächstes bessere Optionen ansehen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`\"C\"` part](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks."
|
|
"html#abi) of the `extern` block tells Rust that `abs` can be called using the C "
|
|
"[ABI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface) (application "
|
|
"binary interface)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `safe fn abs` part tells that Rust that `abs` is a safe function. By "
|
|
"default, extern functions are considered unsafe, but since `abs(x)` is valid "
|
|
"for any `x`, we can declare it safe."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Using Bindgen"
|
|
msgstr "Verwenden von Bindgen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) tool "
|
|
"can auto-generate bindings from a C header file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Tool [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html). "
|
|
"kann Bindungen aus einer C-Header-Datei automatisch generieren."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "First create a small C library:"
|
|
msgstr "Erstellen Sie zunächst eine kleine C-Bibliothek:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "<stdio.h>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"+--------------\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:"
|
|
msgstr "Fügen Sie dies zu Ihrer `Android.bp`\\-Datei hinzu:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday.c\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this "
|
|
"example):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Erstellen Sie eine Wrapper-Header-Datei für die Bibliothek (in this Beispiel):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:"
|
|
msgstr "Sie können die Bindungen jetzt automatisch generieren:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday_bindgen\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"birthday_bindgen\""
|
|
msgstr "`rust_bindgen`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday_wrapper.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"bindings\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:"
|
|
msgstr "Schließlich können wir die Bindungen in unserem Rust-Programm verwenden:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"print_birthday_card\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"main.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "//! Bindgen demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: The pointer we pass is valid because it came from a Rust\n"
|
|
" // reference, and the `name` it contains refers to `name` above which also\n"
|
|
" // remains valid. `print_card` doesn't store either pointer to use later\n"
|
|
" // after it returns.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card\" /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Schließlich können wir automatisch generierte Tests ausführen, um "
|
|
"sicherzustellen, dass die Bindungen funktionieren:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday_bindgen_test\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\":libbirthday_bindgen\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"none\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "// Generated file, skip linting\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Android build rules will automatically call `bindgen` for you behind the "
|
|
"scenes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice that the Rust code in `main` is still hard to write. It is good practice "
|
|
"to encapsulate the output of `bindgen` in a Rust library which exposes a safe "
|
|
"interface to caller."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Calling Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Rust anrufen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:"
|
|
msgstr "Der Export von Rust-Funktionen und -Typen nach C ist einfach:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "//! Rust FFI demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Analyze the numbers.\n"
|
|
"// SAFETY: There is no other global function of this name.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"x ({x}) is smallest!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"libanalyze_ffi\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"analyze_ffi\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"analyze.rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:"
|
|
msgstr "Wir können dies jetzt aus einer C-Binärdatei aufrufen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"analyze.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"analyze_numbers\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"main.c\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers\" /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`#[unsafe(no_mangle)]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported "
|
|
"symbol will just be the name of the function. You can also use "
|
|
"`#[unsafe(export_name = \"some_name\")]` to specify whatever name you want."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`#[no_mangle]` deaktiviert Rusts übliches Namensverstümmeln, so dass das "
|
|
"exportierte Symbol nur der Name von ist die Funktion. Sie können auch "
|
|
"`#[export_name = \"some_name\"]` verwenden, um einen beliebigen Namen anzugeben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [CXX crate](https://cxx.rs/) makes it possible to do safe interoperability "
|
|
"between Rust and C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die [CXX-Kiste](https://cxx.rs/) ermöglicht eine sichere Interoperabilität "
|
|
"zwischen Rust und C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The overall approach looks like this:"
|
|
msgstr "Der Gesamtansatz sieht wie folgt aus:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"CXX relies on a description of the function signatures that will be exposed "
|
|
"from each language to the other. You provide this description using extern "
|
|
"blocks in a Rust module annotated with the `#[cxx::bridge]` attribute macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid "\"org::blobstore\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid "// Shared structs with fields visible to both languages.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "// Rust types and signatures exposed to C++.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Rust\""
|
|
msgstr "Rustdoc"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "// C++ types and signatures exposed to Rust.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "\"C++\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "\"include/blobstore.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid "The bridge is generally declared in an `ffi` module within your crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"From the declarations made in the bridge module, CXX will generate matching "
|
|
"Rust and C++ type/function definitions in order to expose those items to both "
|
|
"languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To view the generated Rust code, use [cargo-expand](https://github.com/dtolnay/"
|
|
"cargo-expand) to view the expanded proc macro. For most of the examples you "
|
|
"would use `cargo expand ::ffi` to expand just the `ffi` module (though this "
|
|
"doesn't apply for Android projects)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid "To view the generated C++ code, look in `target/cxxbridge`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "Rust Bridge Declarations"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "// Opaque type\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "// Method on `MyType`\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "// Free function\n"
|
|
msgstr "Funktionen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Items declared in the `extern \"Rust\"` reference items that are in scope in "
|
|
"the parent module."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The CXX code generator uses your `extern \"Rust\"` section(s) to produce a C++ "
|
|
"header file containing the corresponding C++ declarations. The generated header "
|
|
"has the same path as the Rust source file containing the bridge, except with a ."
|
|
"rs.h file extension."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Results in (roughly) the following C++:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "C++ Bridge Declarations"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "Results in (roughly) the following Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "\"org$blobstore$cxxbridge1$new_blobstore_client\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "\"org$blobstore$cxxbridge1$BlobstoreClient$put\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The programmer does not need to promise that the signatures they have typed in "
|
|
"are accurate. CXX performs static assertions that the signatures exactly "
|
|
"correspond with what is declared in C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`unsafe extern` blocks allow you to declare C++ functions that are safe to call "
|
|
"from Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md
|
|
msgid "// A=1, J=11, Q=12, K=13\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md
|
|
msgid "Only C-like (unit) enums are supported."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A limited number of traits are supported for `#[derive()]` on shared types. "
|
|
"Corresponding functionality is also generated for the C++ code, e.g. if you "
|
|
"derive `Hash` also generates an implementation of `std::hash` for the "
|
|
"corresponding C++ type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Generated Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Unsicheres Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md
|
|
msgid "Generated C++:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"On the Rust side, the code generated for shared enums is actually a struct "
|
|
"wrapping a numeric value. This is because it is not UB in C++ for an enum class "
|
|
"to hold a value different from all of the listed variants, and our Rust "
|
|
"representation needs to have the same behavior."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md
|
|
msgid "\"fallible1 requires depth > 0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md
|
|
msgid "\"Success!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust functions that return `Result` are translated to exceptions on the C++ "
|
|
"side."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The exception thrown will always be of type `rust::Error`, which primarily "
|
|
"exposes a way to get the error message string. The error message will come from "
|
|
"the error type's `Display` impl."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A panic unwinding from Rust to C++ will always cause the process to immediately "
|
|
"terminate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md
|
|
msgid "\"example/include/example.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md
|
|
msgid "\"Error: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C++ functions declared to return a `Result` will catch any thrown exception on "
|
|
"the C++ side and return it as an `Err` value to the calling Rust function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If an exception is thrown from an extern \"C++\" function that is not declared "
|
|
"by the CXX bridge to return `Result`, the program calls C++'s `std::terminate`. "
|
|
"The behavior is equivalent to the same exception being thrown through a "
|
|
"`noexcept` C++ function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "C++ Type"
|
|
msgstr "C++-Beispiel"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust::String`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_bindgen`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`&str`"
|
|
msgstr "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust::Str`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_test`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`CxxString`"
|
|
msgstr "String"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid "`std::string`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid "`&[T]`/`&mut [T]`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust::Slice`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_ffi`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid "`rust::Box<T>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid "`UniquePtr<T>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid "`std::unique_ptr<T>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust::Vec<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`CxxVector<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`Zelle<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`std::vector<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types can be used in the fields of shared structs and the arguments and "
|
|
"returns of extern functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that Rust's `String` does not map directly to `std::string`. There are a "
|
|
"few reasons for this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid "`std::string` does not uphold the UTF-8 invariant that `String` requires."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The two types have different layouts in memory and so can't be passed directly "
|
|
"between languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::string` requires move constructors that don't match Rust's move "
|
|
"semantics, so a `std::string` can't be passed by value to Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Building in Android"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen zu Tag 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a `cc_library_static` to build the C++ library, including the CXX "
|
|
"generated header and source file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"libcxx_test_cpp\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "\"cxx_test.cpp\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "\"cxx-bridge-header\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "\"libcxx_test_bridge_header\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "\"libcxx_test_bridge_code\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Point out that `libcxx_test_bridge_header` and `libcxx_test_bridge_code` are "
|
|
"the dependencies for the CXX-generated C++ bindings. We'll show how these are "
|
|
"setup on the next slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that you also need to depend on the `cxx-bridge-header` library in order "
|
|
"to pull in common CXX definitions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Full docs for using CXX in Android can be found in [the Android docs](https://"
|
|
"source.android.com/docs/setup/build/rust/building-rust-modules/android-rust-"
|
|
"patterns#rust-cpp-interop-using-cxx). You may want to share that link with the "
|
|
"class so that students know where they can find these instructions again in the "
|
|
"future."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create two genrules: One to generate the CXX header, and one to generate the "
|
|
"CXX source file. These are then used as inputs to the `cc_library_static`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Generate a C++ header containing the C++ bindings\n"
|
|
"// to the Rust exported functions in lib.rs.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "\"cxxbridge\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "\"$(location cxxbridge) $(in) --header > $(out)\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"lib.rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "\"lib.rs.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "// Generate the C++ code that Rust calls into.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "\"$(location cxxbridge) $(in) > $(out)\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "\"lib.rs.cc\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cxxbridge` tool is a standalone tool that generates the C++ side of the "
|
|
"bridge module. It is included in Android and available as a Soong tool."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By convention, if your Rust source file is `lib.rs` your header file will be "
|
|
"named `lib.rs.h` and your source file will be named `lib.rs.cc`. This naming "
|
|
"convention isn't enforced, though."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a `rust_binary` that depends on `libcxx` and your `cc_library_static`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"cxx_test\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"libcxx\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Interoperability with Java"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilität mit Java"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface (JNI)](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni` crate](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"jni/) allows you to create a compatible library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Java kann gemeinsame Objekte über [Java Native Interface (JNI)](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). Die [`jni` crate](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"jni/) ermöglicht es Ihnen, eine kompatible Bibliothek zu erstellen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:"
|
|
msgstr "Zuerst erstellen wir eine Rust-Funktion zum Exportieren nach Java:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n"
|
|
"// SAFETY: There is no other global function of this name.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "\"system\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hello, {input}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "\"libhello_jni\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "\"hello_jni\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "\"libjni\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We then call this function from Java:"
|
|
msgstr "Schließlich können wir diese Funktion von Java aus aufrufen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "\"helloworld_jni\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"HelloWorld.java\""
|
|
msgstr "Hallo Welt!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"HelloWorld\""
|
|
msgstr "Hallo Welt!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Schließlich können Sie die Binärdatei erstellen, synchronisieren und ausführen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `unsafe(no_mangle)` attribute instructs Rust to emit the "
|
|
"`Java_HelloWorld_hello` symbol exactly as written. This is important so that "
|
|
"Java can recognize the symbol as a `hello` method on the `HelloWorld` class."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By default, Rust will mangle (rename) symbols so that a binary can link in two "
|
|
"versions of the same Rust crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Rust in Chromium"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen zu Tag 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is supported for third-party libraries in Chromium, with first-party glue "
|
|
"code to connect between Rust and existing Chromium C++ code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Today, we'll call into Rust to do something silly with strings. If you've got a "
|
|
"corner of the code where you're displaying a UTF8 string to the user, feel free "
|
|
"to follow this recipe in your part of the codebase instead of the exact part we "
|
|
"talk about."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make sure you can build and run Chromium. Any platform and set of build flags "
|
|
"is OK, so long as your code is relatively recent (commit position 1223636 "
|
|
"onwards, corresponding to November 2023):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(A component, debug build is recommended for quickest iteration time. This is "
|
|
"the default!)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [How to build Chromium](https://www.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/get-the-"
|
|
"code/) if you aren't already at that point. Be warned: setting up to build "
|
|
"Chromium takes time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md
|
|
msgid "It's also recommended that you have Visual Studio code installed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md
|
|
msgid "About the exercises"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This part of the course has a series of exercises which build on each other. "
|
|
"We'll be doing them spread throughout the course instead of just at the end. If "
|
|
"you don't have time to complete a certain part, don't worry: you can catch up "
|
|
"in the next slot."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust community typically uses `cargo` and libraries from [crates.io]"
|
|
"(https://crates.io/). Chromium is built using `gn` and `ninja` and a curated "
|
|
"set of dependencies."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "When writing code in Rust, your choices are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `gn` and `ninja` with the help of the templates from `//build/rust/*.gni` "
|
|
"(e.g. `rust_static_library` that we'll meet later). This uses Chromium's "
|
|
"audited toolchain and crates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cargo`, but [restrict yourself to Chromium's audited toolchain and crates]"
|
|
"(https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/docs/rust."
|
|
"md#Using-cargo)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cargo`, trusting a [toolchain](https://rustup.rs/) and/or [crates "
|
|
"downloaded from the internet](https://crates.io/)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"From here on we'll be focusing on `gn` and `ninja`, because this is how Rust "
|
|
"code can be built into the Chromium browser. At the same time, Cargo is an "
|
|
"important part of the Rust ecosystem and you should keep it in your toolbox."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Mini exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Übungen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Split into small groups and:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Brainstorm scenarios where `cargo` may offer an advantage and assess the risk "
|
|
"profile of these scenarios."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Discuss which tools, libraries, and groups of people need to be trusted when "
|
|
"using `gn` and `ninja`, offline `cargo`, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ask students to avoid peeking at the speaker notes before completing the "
|
|
"exercise. Assuming folks taking the course are physically together, ask them to "
|
|
"discuss in small groups of 3-4 people."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notes/hints related to the first part of the exercise (\"scenarios where Cargo "
|
|
"may offer an advantage\"):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It's fantastic that when writing a tool, or prototyping a part of Chromium, one "
|
|
"has access to the rich ecosystem of crates.io libraries. There is a crate for "
|
|
"almost anything and they are usually quite pleasant to use. (`clap` for command-"
|
|
"line parsing, `serde` for serializing/deserializing to/from various formats, "
|
|
"`itertools` for working with iterators, etc.)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo` makes it easy to try a library (just add a single line to `Cargo.toml` "
|
|
"and start writing code)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It may be worth comparing how CPAN helped make `perl` a popular choice. Or "
|
|
"comparing with `python` + `pip`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Development experience is made really nice not only by core Rust tools (e.g. "
|
|
"using `rustup` to switch to a different `rustc` version when testing a crate "
|
|
"that needs to work on nightly, current stable, and older stable) but also by an "
|
|
"ecosystem of third-party tools (e.g. Mozilla provides `cargo vet` for "
|
|
"streamlining and sharing security audits; `criterion` crate gives a streamlined "
|
|
"way to run benchmarks)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo` makes it easy to add a tool via `cargo install --locked cargo-vet`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "It may be worth comparing with Chrome Extensions or VScode extensions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Broad, generic examples of projects where `cargo` may be the right choice:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Perhaps surprisingly, Rust is becoming increasingly popular in the industry for "
|
|
"writing command line tools. The breadth and ergonomics of libraries is "
|
|
"comparable to Python, while being more robust (thanks to the rich typesystem) "
|
|
"and running faster (as a compiled, rather than interpreted language)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Participating in the Rust ecosystem requires using standard Rust tools like "
|
|
"Cargo. Libraries that want to get external contributions, and want to be used "
|
|
"outside of Chromium (e.g. in Bazel or Android/Soong build environments) should "
|
|
"probably use Cargo."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Examples of Chromium-related projects that are `cargo`\\-based:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`serde_json_lenient` (experimented with in other parts of Google which resulted "
|
|
"in PRs with performance improvements)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Fontations libraries like `font-types`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`gnrt` tool (we will meet it later in the course) which depends on `clap` for "
|
|
"command-line parsing and on `toml` for configuration files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Disclaimer: a unique reason for using `cargo` was unavailability of `gn` when "
|
|
"building and bootstrapping Rust standard library when building Rust toolchain."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`run_gnrt.py` uses Chromium's copy of `cargo` and `rustc`. `gnrt` depends on "
|
|
"third-party libraries downloaded from the internet, but `run_gnrt.py` asks "
|
|
"`cargo` that only `--locked` content is allowed via `Cargo.lock`.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students may identify the following items as being implicitly or explicitly "
|
|
"trusted:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rustc` (the Rust compiler) which in turn depends on the LLVM libraries, the "
|
|
"Clang compiler, the `rustc` sources (fetched from GitHub, reviewed by Rust "
|
|
"compiler team), binary Rust compiler downloaded for bootstrapping"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rustup` (it may be worth pointing out that `rustup` is developed under the "
|
|
"umbrella of the https://github.com/rust-lang/ organization - same as `rustc`)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "`cargo`, `rustfmt`, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Various internal infrastructure (bots that build `rustc`, system for "
|
|
"distributing the prebuilt toolchain to Chromium engineers, etc.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Cargo tools like `cargo audit`, `cargo vet`, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust libraries vendored into `//third_party/rust` (audited by security@chromium."
|
|
"org)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Other Rust libraries (some niche, some quite popular and commonly used)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid "Chromium Rust policy"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Chromium's Rust policy can be found [here](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/"
|
|
"chromium/src/+/main:docs/rust.md;l=22). Rust can be used for both first-party "
|
|
"and third-party code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid "Using Rust for pure first-party code looks like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
"\"C++\" Rust\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": Existing Chromium : : Chromium Rust :\n"
|
|
": \"C++\" : : code :\n"
|
|
": +---------------+ : : +----------------+ :\n"
|
|
": | | : : | | :\n"
|
|
": | o-----+-+-----------+-+-> | :\n"
|
|
": | | : Language : | | :\n"
|
|
": +---------------+ : boundary : +----------------+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - -' `- - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The third-party case is also common. It's likely that you'll also need a small "
|
|
"amount of first-party glue code, because very few Rust libraries directly "
|
|
"expose a C/C++ API."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
"\"C++\" Rust\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": Existing Chromium : : Chromium Rust Existing "
|
|
"Rust :\n"
|
|
": \"C++\" : : \"wrapper\" "
|
|
"crate :\n"
|
|
": +---------------+ : : +----------------+ +-------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | | : : | | | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": | o-----+-+-----------+-+-> o-+----------+--> "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": | | : Language : | | Crate | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +---------------+ : boundary : +----------------+ API +-------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - -' `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The scenario of using a third-party crate is the more complex one, so today's "
|
|
"course will focus on:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid "Bringing in third-party Rust libraries (\"crates\")"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Writing glue code to be able to use those crates from Chromium C++. (The same "
|
|
"techniques are used when working with first-party Rust code)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build rules"
|
|
msgstr "Regeln beim Bauen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust code is usually built using `cargo`. Chromium builds with `gn` and `ninja` "
|
|
"for efficiency --- its static rules allow maximum parallelism. Rust is no "
|
|
"exception."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Adding Rust code to Chromium"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In some existing Chromium `BUILD.gn` file, declare a `rust_static_library`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can also add `deps` on other Rust targets. Later we'll use this to depend "
|
|
"upon third party code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You must specify _both_ the crate root, _and_ a full list of sources. The "
|
|
"`crate_root` is the file given to the Rust compiler representing the root file "
|
|
"of the compilation unit --- typically `lib.rs`. `sources` is a complete list of "
|
|
"all source files which `ninja` needs in order to determine when rebuilds are "
|
|
"necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(There's no such thing as a Rust `source_set`, because in Rust, an entire crate "
|
|
"is a compilation unit. A `static_library` is the smallest unit.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students might be wondering why we need a gn template, rather than using [gn's "
|
|
"built-in support for Rust static libraries](https://gn.googlesource.com/gn/+/"
|
|
"main/docs/reference.md#func_static_library). The answer is that this template "
|
|
"provides support for CXX interop, Rust features, and unit tests, some of which "
|
|
"we'll use later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md
|
|
msgid "Including `unsafe` Rust Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe Rust code is forbidden in `rust_static_library` by default --- it won't "
|
|
"compile. If you need unsafe Rust code, add `allow_unsafe = true` to the gn "
|
|
"target. (Later in the course we'll see circumstances where this is necessary.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [\n"
|
|
" \"lib.rs\",\n"
|
|
" \"hippopotamus.rs\"\n"
|
|
" ]\n"
|
|
" allow_unsafe = true\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md
|
|
msgid "Simply add the above target to the `deps` of some Chromium C++ target."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"# or source_set, static_library etc.\n"
|
|
"component(\"preexisting_cpp\") {\n"
|
|
" deps = [ \":my_rust_lib\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types are elided in Rust code, which makes a good IDE even more useful than for "
|
|
"C++. Visual Studio code works well for Rust in Chromium. To use it,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ensure your VSCode has the `rust-analyzer` extension, not earlier forms of Rust "
|
|
"support"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`gn gen out/Debug --export-rust-project` (or equivalent for your output "
|
|
"directory)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid "`ln -s out/Debug/rust-project.json rust-project.json`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A demo of some of the code annotation and exploration features of rust-analyzer "
|
|
"might be beneficial if the audience are naturally skeptical of IDEs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The following steps may help with the demo (but feel free to instead use a "
|
|
"piece of Chromium-related Rust that you are most familiar with):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid "Open `components/qr_code_generator/qr_code_generator_ffi_glue.rs`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Place the cursor over the `QrCode::new` call (around line 26) in "
|
|
"\\`qr_code_generator_ffi_glue.rs"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demo **show documentation** (typical bindings: vscode = ctrl k i; vim/CoC = K)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demo **go to definition** (typical bindings: vscode = F12; vim/CoC = g d). "
|
|
"(This will take you to `//third_party/rust/.../qr_code-.../src/lib.rs`.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demo **outline** and navigate to the `QrCode::with_bits` method (around line "
|
|
"164; the outline is in the file explorer pane in vscode; typical vim/CoC "
|
|
"bindings = space o)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demo **type annotations** (there are quite a few nice examples in the `QrCode::"
|
|
"with_bits` method)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It may be worth pointing out that `gn gen ... --export-rust-project` will need "
|
|
"to be rerun after editing `BUILD.gn` files (which we will do a few times "
|
|
"throughout the exercises in this session)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build rules exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Regeln beim Bauen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In your Chromium build, add a new Rust target to `//ui/base/BUILD.gn` "
|
|
"containing:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "// SAFETY: There is no other global function of this name.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"**Important**: note that `no_mangle` here is considered a type of unsafety by "
|
|
"the Rust compiler, so you'll need to allow unsafe code in your `gn` target."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add this new Rust target as a dependency of `//ui/base:base`. Declare this "
|
|
"function at the top of `ui/base/resource/resource_bundle.cc` (later, we'll see "
|
|
"how this can be automated by bindings generation tools):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Call this function from somewhere in `ui/base/resource/resource_bundle.cc` - we "
|
|
"suggest the top of `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString`. Build and run "
|
|
"Chromium, and ensure that \"Hello from Rust!\" is printed lots of times."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you use VSCode, now set up Rust to work well in VSCode. It will be useful in "
|
|
"subsequent exercises. If you've succeeded, you will be able to use right-click "
|
|
"\"Go to definition\" on `println!`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Where to find help"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The options available to the [`rust_static_library` gn template](https://source."
|
|
"chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/rust_static_library.gni;"
|
|
"l=16)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Information about [`#[unsafe(no_mangle)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/"
|
|
"reference/abi.html#the-no_mangle-attribute)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Information about [`extern \"C\"`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.extern."
|
|
"html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Information about gn's [`--export-rust-project`](https://gn.googlesource.com/gn/"
|
|
"+/main/docs/reference.md#compilation-database) switch"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[How to install rust-analyzer in VSCode](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/"
|
|
"languages/rust)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This example is unusual because it boils down to the lowest-common-denominator "
|
|
"interop language, C. Both C++ and Rust can natively declare and call C ABI "
|
|
"functions. Later in the course, we'll connect C++ directly to Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`allow_unsafe = true` is required here because `#[unsafe(no_mangle)]` might "
|
|
"allow Rust to generate two functions with the same name, and Rust can no longer "
|
|
"guarantee that the right one is called."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you need a pure Rust executable, you can also do that using the "
|
|
"`rust_executable` gn template."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust community typically authors unit tests in a module placed in the same "
|
|
"source file as the code being tested. This was covered [earlier](../testing.md) "
|
|
"in the course and looks like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In Chromium we place unit tests in a separate source file and we continue to "
|
|
"follow this practice for Rust --- this makes tests consistently discoverable "
|
|
"and helps to avoid rebuilding `.rs` files a second time (in the `test` "
|
|
"configuration)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid "This results in the following options for testing Rust code in Chromium:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Native Rust tests (i.e. `#[test]`). Discouraged outside of `//third_party/rust`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`gtest` tests authored in C++ and exercising Rust via FFI calls. Sufficient "
|
|
"when Rust code is just a thin FFI layer and the existing unit tests provide "
|
|
"sufficient coverage for the feature."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`gtest` tests authored in Rust and using the crate under test through its "
|
|
"public API (using `pub mod for_testing { ... }` if needed). This is the subject "
|
|
"of the next few slides."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that native Rust tests of third-party crates should eventually be "
|
|
"exercised by Chromium bots. (Such testing is needed rarely --- only after "
|
|
"adding or updating third-party crates.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some examples may help illustrate when C++ `gtest` vs Rust `gtest` should be "
|
|
"used:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"QR has very little functionality in the first-party Rust layer (it's just a "
|
|
"thin FFI glue) and therefore uses the existing C++ unit tests for testing both "
|
|
"the C++ and the Rust implementation (parameterizing the tests so they enable or "
|
|
"disable Rust using a `ScopedFeatureList`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Hypothetical/WIP PNG integration may need to implement memory-safe "
|
|
"implementation of pixel transformations that are provided by `libpng` but "
|
|
"missing in the `png` crate - e.g. RGBA => BGRA, or gamma correction. Such "
|
|
"functionality may benefit from separate tests authored in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`rust_gtest_interop`](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/"
|
|
"main/testing/rust_gtest_interop/README.md) library provides a way to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use a Rust function as a `gtest` testcase (using the `#[gtest(...)]` attribute)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `expect_eq!` and similar macros (similar to `assert_eq!` but not panicking "
|
|
"and not terminating the test when the assertion fails)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Example:"
|
|
msgstr "Beispiel"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The simplest way to build Rust `gtest` tests is to add them to an existing test "
|
|
"binary that already contains tests authored in C++. For example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"test(\"ui_base_unittests\") {\n"
|
|
" ...\n"
|
|
" sources += [ \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
" deps += [ \":my_rust_lib\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Authoring Rust tests in a separate `static_library` also works, but requires "
|
|
"manually declaring the dependency on the support libraries:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib_unittests\") {\n"
|
|
" testonly = true\n"
|
|
" is_gtest_unittests = true\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [ \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
" deps = [\n"
|
|
" \":my_rust_lib\",\n"
|
|
" \"//testing/rust_gtest_interop\",\n"
|
|
" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"test(\"ui_base_unittests\") {\n"
|
|
" ...\n"
|
|
" deps += [ \":my_rust_lib_unittests\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After adding `:my_rust_lib` to GN `deps`, we still need to learn how to import "
|
|
"and use `my_rust_lib` from `my_rust_lib_unittest.rs`. We haven't provided an "
|
|
"explicit `crate_name` for `my_rust_lib` so its crate name is computed based on "
|
|
"the full target path and name. Fortunately we can avoid working with such an "
|
|
"unwieldy name by using the `chromium::import!` macro from the automatically-"
|
|
"imported `chromium` crate:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md
|
|
msgid "\"//ui/base:my_rust_lib\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md
|
|
msgid "Under the covers the macro expands to something similar to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"More information can be found in [the doc comment](https://source.chromium.org/"
|
|
"chromium/chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/chromium_prelude/chromium_prelude.rs?"
|
|
"q=f:chromium_prelude.rs%20pub.use.*%5Cbimport%5Cb;%20-f:"
|
|
"third_party&ss=chromium%2Fchromium%2Fsrc) of the `chromium::import` macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rust_static_library` supports specifying an explicit name via `crate_name` "
|
|
"property, but doing this is discouraged. And it is discouraged because the "
|
|
"crate name has to be globally unique. crates.io guarantees uniqueness of its "
|
|
"crate names so `cargo_crate` GN targets (generated by the `gnrt` tool covered "
|
|
"in a later section) use short crate names."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Testing exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Rost auf Übung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid "Time for another exercise!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid "In your Chromium build:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add a testable function next to `hello_from_rust`. Some suggestions: adding two "
|
|
"integers received as arguments, computing the nth Fibonacci number, summing "
|
|
"integers in a slice, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid "Add a separate `..._unittest.rs` file with a test for the new function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid "Add the new tests to `BUILD.gn`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid "Build the tests, run them, and verify that the new test works."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust community offers multiple options for C++/Rust interop, with new tools "
|
|
"being developed all the time. At the moment, Chromium uses a tool called CXX."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You describe your whole language boundary in an interface definition language "
|
|
"(which looks a lot like Rust) and then CXX tools generate declarations for "
|
|
"functions and types in both Rust and C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See the [CXX tutorial](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) for a full example of "
|
|
"using this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ein vollständiges Beispiel für die Verwendung finden Sie im \\[CXX-Tutorial\\] "
|
|
"[2](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Talk through the diagram. Explain that behind the scenes, this is doing just "
|
|
"the same as you previously did. Point out that automating the process has the "
|
|
"following benefits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The tool guarantees that the C++ and Rust sides match (e.g. you get compile "
|
|
"errors if the `#[cxx::bridge]` doesn't match the actual C++ or Rust "
|
|
"definitions, but with out-of-sync manual bindings you'd get Undefined Behavior)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The tool automates generation of FFI thunks (small, C-ABI-compatible, free "
|
|
"functions) for non-C features (e.g. enabling FFI calls into Rust or C++ "
|
|
"methods; manual bindings would require authoring such top-level, free functions "
|
|
"manually)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "The tool and the library can handle a set of core types - for example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&[T]` can be passed across the FFI boundary, even though it doesn't guarantee "
|
|
"any particular ABI or memory layout. With manual bindings `std::span<T>` / "
|
|
"`&[T]` have to be manually destructured and rebuilt out of a pointer and length "
|
|
"- this is error-prone given that each language represents empty slices slightly "
|
|
"differently)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Smart pointers like `std::unique_ptr<T>`, `std::shared_ptr<T>`, and/or `Box` "
|
|
"are natively supported. With manual bindings, one would have to pass C-ABI-"
|
|
"compatible raw pointers, which would increase lifetime and memory-safety risks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rust::String` and `CxxString` types understand and maintain differences in "
|
|
"string representation across the languages (e.g. `rust::String::lossy` can "
|
|
"build a Rust string from non-UTF8 input and `rust::String::c_str` can NUL-"
|
|
"terminate a string)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"CXX requires that the whole C++/Rust boundary is declared in `cxx::bridge` "
|
|
"modules inside `.rs` source code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "\"example/include/blobstore.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "// Definitions of Rust types and functions go here\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "Point out:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Although this looks like a regular Rust `mod`, the `#[cxx::bridge]` procedural "
|
|
"macro does complex things to it. The generated code is quite a bit more "
|
|
"sophisticated - though this does still result in a `mod` called `ffi` in your "
|
|
"code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "Native support for C++'s `std::unique_ptr` in Rust"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Native support for Rust slices in C++"
|
|
msgstr "Eingebaute Unterstützung für Tests."
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "Calls from C++ to Rust, and Rust types (in the top part)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "Calls from Rust to C++, and C++ types (in the bottom part)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"**Common misconception**: It _looks_ like a C++ header is being parsed by Rust, "
|
|
"but this is misleading. This header is never interpreted by Rust, but simply "
|
|
"`#include`d in the generated C++ code for the benefit of C++ compilers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By far the most useful page when using CXX is the [type reference](https://cxx."
|
|
"rs/bindings.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid "CXX fundamentally suits cases where:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Your Rust-C++ interface is sufficiently simple that you can declare all of it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You're using only the types natively supported by CXX already, for example "
|
|
"`std::unique_ptr`, `std::string`, `&[u8]` etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It has many limitations --- for example lack of support for Rust's `Option` "
|
|
"type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These limitations constrain us to using Rust in Chromium only for well isolated "
|
|
"\"leaf nodes\" rather than for arbitrary Rust-C++ interop. When considering a "
|
|
"use-case for Rust in Chromium, a good starting point is to draft the CXX "
|
|
"bindings for the language boundary to see if it appears simple enough."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should also discuss some of the other sticky points with CXX, for example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Its error handling is based around C++ exceptions (given on the next slide)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid "Function pointers are awkward to use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"CXX's [support for `Result<T,E>`](https://cxx.rs/binding/result.html) relies on "
|
|
"C++ exceptions, so we can't use that in Chromium. Alternatives:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "The `T` part of `Result<T, E>` can be:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Returned via out parameters (e.g. via `&mut T`). This requires that `T` can be "
|
|
"passed across the FFI boundary - for example `T` has to be:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "A primitive type (like `u32` or `usize`)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A type natively supported by `cxx` (like `UniquePtr<T>`) that has a suitable "
|
|
"default value to use in a failure case (_unlike_ `Box<T>`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Retained on the Rust side, and exposed via reference. This may be needed when "
|
|
"`T` is a Rust type, which cannot be passed across the FFI boundary, and cannot "
|
|
"be stored in `UniquePtr<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "The `E` part of `Result<T, E>` can be:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Returned as a boolean (e.g. `true` representing success, and `false` "
|
|
"representing failure)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Preserving error details is in theory possible, but so far hasn't been needed "
|
|
"in practice."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "CXX Error Handling: QR Example"
|
|
msgstr "Fehlerbehandlung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The QR code generator is [an example](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/"
|
|
"chromium/src/+/main:components/qr_code_generator/qr_code_generator_ffi_glue.rs;"
|
|
"l=13-18;drc=7bf1b75b910ca430501b9c6a74c1d18a0223ecca) where a boolean is used "
|
|
"to communicate success vs failure, and where the successful result can be "
|
|
"passed across the FFI boundary:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md
|
|
msgid "\"qr_code_generator\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students may be curious about the semantics of the `out_qr_size` output. This "
|
|
"is not the size of the vector, but the size of the QR code (and admittedly it "
|
|
"is a bit redundant - this is the square root of the size of the vector)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It may be worth pointing out the importance of initializing `out_qr_size` "
|
|
"before calling into the Rust function. Creation of a Rust reference that points "
|
|
"to uninitialized memory results in Undefined Behavior (unlike in C++, when only "
|
|
"the act of dereferencing such memory results in UB)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students ask about `Pin`, then explain why CXX needs it for mutable "
|
|
"references to C++ data: the answer is that C++ data can’t be moved around like "
|
|
"Rust data, because it may contain self-referential pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "CXX Error Handling: PNG Example"
|
|
msgstr "Fehlerbehandlung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A prototype of a PNG decoder illustrates what can be done when the successful "
|
|
"result cannot be passed across the FFI boundary:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
msgid "\"gfx::rust_bindings\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// This returns an FFI-friendly equivalent of `Result<PngReader<'a>,\n"
|
|
" /// ()>`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
msgid "/// C++ bindings for the `crate::png::ResultOfPngReader` type.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
msgid "/// C++ bindings for the `crate::png::PngReader` type.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PngReader` and `ResultOfPngReader` are Rust types --- objects of these types "
|
|
"cannot cross the FFI boundary without indirection of a `Box<T>`. We can't have "
|
|
"an `out_parameter: &mut PngReader`, because CXX doesn't allow C++ to store Rust "
|
|
"objects by value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This example illustrates that even though CXX doesn't support arbitrary "
|
|
"generics nor templates, we can still pass them across the FFI boundary by "
|
|
"manually specializing / monomorphizing them into a non-generic type. In the "
|
|
"example `ResultOfPngReader` is a non-generic type that forwards into "
|
|
"appropriate methods of `Result<T, E>` (e.g. into `is_err`, `unwrap`, and/or "
|
|
"`as_mut`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid "Using cxx in Chromium"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In Chromium, we define an independent `#[cxx::bridge] mod` for each leaf-node "
|
|
"where we want to use Rust. You'd typically have one for each "
|
|
"`rust_static_library`. Just add"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"cxx_bindings = [ \"my_rust_file.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
" # list of files containing #[cxx::bridge], not all source files\n"
|
|
"allow_unsafe = true\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"to your existing `rust_static_library` target alongside `crate_root` and "
|
|
"`sources`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid "C++ headers will be generated at a sensible location, so you can just"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid "\"ui/base/my_rust_file.rs.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will find some utility functions in `//base` to convert to/from Chromium C+"
|
|
"+ types to CXX Rust types --- for example [`SpanToRustSlice`](https://source."
|
|
"chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:base/containers/span_rust.h;l=21)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid "Students may ask --- why do we still need `allow_unsafe = true`?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The broad answer is that no C/C++ code is \"safe\" by the normal Rust "
|
|
"standards. Calling back and forth to C/C++ from Rust may do arbitrary things to "
|
|
"memory, and compromise the safety of Rust's own data layouts. Presence of _too "
|
|
"many_ `unsafe` keywords in C/C++ interop can harm the signal-to-noise ratio of "
|
|
"such a keyword, and is [controversial](https://steveklabnik.com/writing/the-cxx-"
|
|
"debate), but strictly, bringing any foreign code into a Rust binary can cause "
|
|
"unexpected behavior from Rust's perspective."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The narrow answer lies in the diagram at the top of [this page](../"
|
|
"interoperability-with-cpp.md) --- behind the scenes, CXX generates Rust "
|
|
"`unsafe` and `extern \"C\"` functions just like we did manually in the previous "
|
|
"section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Interoperability with C++"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilität mit C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Part one"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the Rust file you previously created, add a `#[cxx::bridge]` which specifies "
|
|
"a single function, to be called from C++, called `hello_from_rust`, taking no "
|
|
"parameters and returning no value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Modify your previous `hello_from_rust` function to remove `extern \"C\"` and "
|
|
"`#[unsafe(no_mangle)]`. This is now just a standard Rust function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Modify your `gn` target to build these bindings."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In your C++ code, remove the forward-declaration of `hello_from_rust`. Instead, "
|
|
"include the generated header file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Build and run!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Part two"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It's a good idea to play with CXX a little. It helps you think about how "
|
|
"flexible Rust in Chromium actually is."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Some things to try:"
|
|
msgstr "Einige Notizen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Call back into C++ from Rust. You will need:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An additional header file which you can `include!` from your `cxx::bridge`. "
|
|
"You'll need to declare your C++ function in that new header file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `unsafe` block to call such a function, or alternatively specify the "
|
|
"`unsafe` keyword in your `#[cxx::bridge]` [as described here](https://cxx.rs/"
|
|
"extern-c++.html#functions-and-member-functions)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You may also need to `#include \"third_party/rust/cxx/v1/crate/include/cxx.h\"`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Pass a C++ string from C++ into Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Pass a reference to a C++ object into Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Intentionally get the Rust function signatures mismatched from the `#[cxx::"
|
|
"bridge]`, and get used to the errors you see."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Intentionally get the C++ function signatures mismatched from the `#[cxx::"
|
|
"bridge]`, and get used to the errors you see."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Pass a `std::unique_ptr` of some type from C++ into Rust, so that Rust can own "
|
|
"some C++ object."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a Rust object and pass it into C++, so that C++ owns it. (Hint: you need "
|
|
"a `Box`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Declare some methods on a C++ type. Call them from Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Declare some methods on a Rust type. Call them from C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Part three"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Now you understand the strengths and limitations of CXX interop, think of a "
|
|
"couple of use-cases for Rust in Chromium where the interface would be "
|
|
"sufficiently simple. Sketch how you might define that interface."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "The [`cxx` binding reference](https://cxx.rs/bindings.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`rust_static_library` gn template](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/"
|
|
"chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/rust_static_library.gni;l=16)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Some of the questions you may encounter:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"I'm seeing a problem initializing a variable of type X with type Y, where X and "
|
|
"Y are both function types. This is because your C++ function doesn't quite "
|
|
"match the declaration in your `cxx::bridge`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"I seem to be able to freely convert C++ references into Rust references. "
|
|
"Doesn't that risk UB? For CXX's _opaque_ types, no, because they are zero-"
|
|
"sized. For CXX trivial types yes, it's _possible_ to cause UB, although CXX's "
|
|
"design makes it quite difficult to craft such an example."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust libraries are called \"crates\" and are found at [crates.io](https://"
|
|
"crates.io). It's _very easy_ for Rust crates to depend upon one another. So "
|
|
"they do!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Property"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "C++ library"
|
|
msgstr "Bibliothek"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust crate"
|
|
msgstr "Rust Ökosystem"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build system"
|
|
msgstr "Rust Ökosystem"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Lots"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Consistent: `Cargo.toml`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Typical library size"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Large-ish"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Small"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Transitive dependencies"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Few"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "For a Chromium engineer, this has pros and cons:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All crates use a common build system so we can automate their inclusion into "
|
|
"Chromium..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"... but, crates typically have transitive dependencies, so you will likely have "
|
|
"to bring in multiple libraries."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "We'll discuss:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "How to put a crate in the Chromium source code tree"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "How to make `gn` build rules for it"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "How to audit its source code for sufficient safety."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md
|
|
msgid "Configuring the `Cargo.toml` file to add crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Chromium has a single set of centrally-managed direct crate dependencies. These "
|
|
"are managed through a single [`Cargo.toml`](https://source.chromium.org/"
|
|
"chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/Cargo.toml):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"bitflags = \"1\"\n"
|
|
"cfg-if = \"1\"\n"
|
|
"cxx = \"1\"\n"
|
|
"# lots more...\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As with any other `Cargo.toml`, you can specify [more details about the "
|
|
"dependencies](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/specifying-dependencies."
|
|
"html) --- most commonly, you'll want to specify the `features` that you wish to "
|
|
"enable in the crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When adding a crate to Chromium, you'll often need to provide some extra "
|
|
"information in an additional file, `gnrt_config.toml`, which we'll meet next."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Alongside `Cargo.toml` is [`gnrt_config.toml`](https://source.chromium.org/"
|
|
"chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/gnrt_config."
|
|
"toml). This contains Chromium-specific extensions to crate handling."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you add a new crate, you should specify at least the `group`. This is one of:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md
|
|
msgid "For instance,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Depending on the crate source code layout, you may also need to use this file "
|
|
"to specify where its `LICENSE` file(s) can be found."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Later, we'll see some other things you will need to configure in this file to "
|
|
"resolve problems."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A tool called `gnrt` knows how to download crates and how to generate `BUILD."
|
|
"gn` rules."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid "To start, download the crate you want like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Although the `gnrt` tool is part of the Chromium source code, by running this "
|
|
"command you will be downloading and running its dependencies from `crates.io`. "
|
|
"See [the earlier section](../cargo.md) discussing this security decision."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid "This `vendor` command may download:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Your crate"
|
|
msgstr "Nützliche Kisten (Crates)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Direct and transitive dependencies"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"New versions of other crates, as required by `cargo` to resolve the complete "
|
|
"set of crates required by Chromium."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Chromium maintains patches for some crates, kept in `//third_party/rust/"
|
|
"chromium_crates_io/patches`. These will be reapplied automatically, but if "
|
|
"patching fails you may need to take manual action."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Once you've downloaded the crate, generate the `BUILD.gn` files like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Now run `git status`. You should find:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At least one new crate source code in `third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/"
|
|
"vendor`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At least one new `BUILD.gn` in `third_party/rust/<crate name>/v<major semver "
|
|
"version>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "An appropriate `README.chromium`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"major semver version\" is a [Rust \"semver\" version number](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/semver.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Siehe die \\[Rust-Referenz\\] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Take a close look, especially at the things generated in `third_party/rust`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Talk a little about semver --- and specifically the way that in Chromium it's "
|
|
"to allow multiple incompatible versions of a crate, which is discouraged but "
|
|
"sometimes necessary in the Cargo ecosystem."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If your build fails, it may be because of a `build.rs`: programs which do "
|
|
"arbitrary things at build time. This is fundamentally at odds with the design "
|
|
"of `gn` and `ninja` which aim for static, deterministic, build rules to "
|
|
"maximize parallelism and repeatability of builds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some `build.rs` actions are automatically supported; others require action:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "build script effect"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Supported by our gn templates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Work required by you"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Checking rustc version to configure features on and off"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Yes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "None"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Checking platform or CPU to configure features on and off"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Generating code"
|
|
msgstr "Generische Datentypen und Methoden"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Yes - specify in `gnrt_config.toml`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Building C/C++"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "No"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Patch around it"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Arbitrary other actions"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Fortunately, most crates don't contain a build script, and fortunately, most "
|
|
"build scripts only do the top two actions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `ninja` complains about missing files, check the `build.rs` to see if it "
|
|
"writes source code files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If so, modify [`gnrt_config.toml`](../configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md) to add "
|
|
"`build-script-outputs` to the crate. If this is a transitive dependency, that "
|
|
"is, one on which Chromium code should not directly depend, also add `allow-"
|
|
"first-party-usage=false`. There are several examples already in that file:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[crate.unicode-linebreak]\n"
|
|
"allow-first-party-usage = false\n"
|
|
"build-script-outputs = [\"tables.rs\"]\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Now rerun [`gnrt.py -- gen`](../generating-gn-build-rules.md) to regenerate "
|
|
"`BUILD.gn` files to inform ninja that this particular output file is input to "
|
|
"subsequent build steps."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some crates use the [`cc`](https://crates.io/crates/cc) crate to build and link "
|
|
"C/C++ libraries. Other crates parse C/C++ using [`bindgen`](https://crates.io/"
|
|
"crates/bindgen) within their build scripts. These actions can't be supported in "
|
|
"a Chromium context --- our gn, ninja and LLVM build system is very specific in "
|
|
"expressing relationships between build actions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md
|
|
msgid "So, your options are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md
|
|
msgid "Avoid these crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md
|
|
msgid "Apply a patch to the crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Patches should be kept in `third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/patches/<crate>` "
|
|
"- see for example the [patches against the `cxx` crate](https://source.chromium."
|
|
"org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/patches/"
|
|
"cxx/) - and will be applied automatically by `gnrt` each time it upgrades the "
|
|
"crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Once you've added a third-party crate and generated build rules, depending on a "
|
|
"crate is simple. Find your `rust_static_library` target, and add a `dep` on the "
|
|
"`:lib` target within your crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md
|
|
msgid "Specifically,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" +------------+ +----------------------+\n"
|
|
"\"//third_party/rust\" | crate name | \"/v\" | major semver version | \":lib\"\n"
|
|
" +------------+ +----------------------+\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
" deps = [ \"//third_party/rust/example_rust_crate/v1:lib\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid "Auditing Third Party Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Adding new libraries is subject to Chromium's standard [policies](https://"
|
|
"chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/docs/rust."
|
|
"md#Third_party-review), but of course also subject to security review. As you "
|
|
"may be bringing in not just a single crate but also transitive dependencies, "
|
|
"there may be a lot of code to review. On the other hand, safe Rust code can "
|
|
"have limited negative side effects. How should you review it?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Over time Chromium aims to move to a process based around [cargo vet](https://"
|
|
"mozilla.github.io/cargo-vet/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid "Meanwhile, for each new crate addition, we are checking for the following:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Understand why each crate is used. What's the relationship between crates? If "
|
|
"the build system for each crate contains a `build.rs` or procedural macros, "
|
|
"work out what they're for. Are they compatible with the way Chromium is "
|
|
"normally built?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid "Check each crate seems to be reasonably well maintained"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cd third-party/rust/chromium_crates_io; cargo audit` to check for known "
|
|
"vulnerabilities (first you'll need to `cargo install cargo-audit`, which "
|
|
"ironically involves downloading lots of dependencies from the internet[2](../"
|
|
"cargo.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ensure any `unsafe` code is good enough for the [Rule of Two](https://chromium."
|
|
"googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/security/rule-of-2.md#unsafe-code-in-"
|
|
"safe-languages)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid "Check for any use of `fs` or `net` APIs"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Read all the code at a sufficient level to look for anything out of place that "
|
|
"might have been maliciously inserted. (You can't realistically aim for 100% "
|
|
"perfection here: there's often just too much code.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These are just guidelines --- work with reviewers from `security@chromium.org` "
|
|
"to work out the right way to become confident of the crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid "Checking Crates into Chromium Source Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid "`git status` should reveal:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid "Crate code in `//third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Metadata (`BUILD.gn` and `README.chromium`) in `//third_party/rust/<crate>/"
|
|
"<version>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid "Please also add an `OWNERS` file in the latter location."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should land all this, along with your `Cargo.toml` and `gnrt_config.toml` "
|
|
"changes, into the Chromium repo."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"**Important**: you need to use `git add -f` because otherwise `.gitignore` "
|
|
"files may result in some files being skipped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As you do so, you might find presubmit checks fail because of non-inclusive "
|
|
"language. This is because Rust crate data tends to include names of git "
|
|
"branches, and many projects still use non-inclusive terminology there. So you "
|
|
"may need to run:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/keeping-up-to-date.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As the OWNER of any third party Chromium dependency, you are [expected to keep "
|
|
"it up to date with any security fixes](https://chromium.googlesource.com/"
|
|
"chromium/src/+/main/docs/adding_to_third_party.md#add-owners). It is hoped that "
|
|
"we will soon automate this for Rust crates, but for now, it's still your "
|
|
"responsibility just as it is for any other third party dependency."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add [uwuify](https://crates.io/crates/uwuify) to Chromium, turning off the "
|
|
"crate's [default features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/features."
|
|
"html#the-default-feature). Assume that the crate will be used in shipping "
|
|
"Chromium, but won't be used to handle untrustworthy input."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(In the next exercise we'll use uwuify from Chromium, but feel free to skip "
|
|
"ahead and do that now if you like. Or, you could create a new "
|
|
"[`rust_executable` target](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/"
|
|
"main:build/rust/rust_executable.gni) which uses `uwuify`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "Students will need to download lots of transitive dependencies."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "The total crates needed are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`instant`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`lock_api`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`parking_lot`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`parking_lot_core`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`redox_syscall`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`scopeguard`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`smallvec`, and"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`uwuify`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students are downloading even more than that, they probably forgot to turn "
|
|
"off the default features."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Thanks to [Daniel Liu](https://github.com/Daniel-Liu-c0deb0t) for this crate!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid "Bringing It Together --- Exercise"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you're going to add a whole new Chromium feature, bringing "
|
|
"together everything you already learned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid "The Brief from Product Management"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A community of pixies has been discovered living in a remote rainforest. It's "
|
|
"important that we get Chromium for Pixies delivered to them as soon as possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The requirement is to translate all Chromium's UI strings into Pixie language."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There's not time to wait for proper translations, but fortunately pixie "
|
|
"language is very close to English, and it turns out there's a Rust crate which "
|
|
"does the translation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In fact, you already [imported that crate in the previous exercise](https://"
|
|
"crates.io/crates/uwuify)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(Obviously, real translations of Chrome require incredible care and diligence. "
|
|
"Don't ship this!)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid "Steps"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Modify `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString` so that it uwuifies all "
|
|
"strings before display. In this special build of Chromium, it should always do "
|
|
"this irrespective of the setting of `mangle_localized_strings_`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you've done everything right across all these exercises, congratulations, "
|
|
"you should have created Chrome for pixies!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"UTF16 vs UTF8. Students should be aware that Rust strings are always UTF8, and "
|
|
"will probably decide that it's better to do the conversion on the C++ side "
|
|
"using `base::UTF16ToUTF8` and back again."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students decide to do the conversion on the Rust side, they'll need to "
|
|
"consider [`String::from_utf16`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct."
|
|
"String.html#method.from_utf16), consider error handling, and consider which "
|
|
"[CXX supported types can transfer a lot of u16s](https://cxx.rs/binding/slice."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students may design the C++/Rust boundary in several different ways, e.g. "
|
|
"taking and returning strings by value, or taking a mutable reference to a "
|
|
"string. If a mutable reference is used, CXX will likely tell the student that "
|
|
"they need to use [`Pin`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/pin/). You may need to "
|
|
"explain what `Pin` does, and then explain why CXX needs it for mutable "
|
|
"references to C++ data: the answer is that C++ data can't be moved around like "
|
|
"Rust data, because it may contain self-referential pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The C++ target containing `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString` will "
|
|
"need to depend on a `rust_static_library` target. The student probably already "
|
|
"did this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `rust_static_library` target will need to depend on `//third_party/rust/"
|
|
"uwuify/v0_2:lib`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/solutions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Solutions to the Chromium exercises can be found in [this series of CLs]"
|
|
"(https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/5096560)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Bare Metal Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen bei Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people who "
|
|
"are familiar with the basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the Comprehensive "
|
|
"Rust course), and ideally also have some experience with bare-metal programming "
|
|
"in some other language such as C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS "
|
|
"underneath us. This will be divided into several parts:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
msgid "What is `no_std` Rust?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
msgid "Writing firmware for microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
msgid "Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
msgid "Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit]"
|
|
"(https://microbit.org/) v2 as an example. It's a [development board](https://"
|
|
"tech.microbit.org/hardware/) based on the Nordic nRF52833 microcontroller with "
|
|
"some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected accelerometer and compass, and an on-"
|
|
"board SWD debugger."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
msgid "To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
msgid "And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should see \"NXP ARM mbed\" in the output of `lsusb` if the device is "
|
|
"available. If you are using a Linux environment on a Chromebook, you will need "
|
|
"to share the USB device with Linux, via `chrome://os-settings/crostini/"
|
|
"sharedUsbDevices`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md
|
|
msgid "On MacOS:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`core`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`std`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "Slices, `&str`, `CStr`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`NonZeroU8`..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`Option`, `Result`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Iterator`"
|
|
msgstr "`Iterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`Error`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`panic!`, `assert_eq!`..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`Future` and `async`/`await`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`Duration`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`String`, `CString`, `format!`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`File` and the rest of `fs`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`Path`, `OsString`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`net`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`SystemTime`, `Instant`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`HashMap` depends on RNG."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
msgid "`std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md
|
|
msgid "A minimal `no_std` program"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md
|
|
msgid "This will compile to an empty binary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md
|
|
msgid "`std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md
|
|
msgid "It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` to "
|
|
"avoid an error about `eh_personality`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to define "
|
|
"your own entry point. This will typically involve a linker script and some "
|
|
"assembly code to set things up ready for Rust code to run."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To use `alloc` you must implement a [global (heap) allocator](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
msgid "// SAFETY: `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called once.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
msgid "// Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
msgid "// Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"A string\""
|
|
msgstr "String"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`buddy_system_allocator` is a crate implementing a basic buddy system "
|
|
"allocator. Other crates are available, or you can write your own or hook into "
|
|
"your existing allocator."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i.e. in "
|
|
"this case it can allocate regions of up to 2\\*\\*32 bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have "
|
|
"exactly one global allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in "
|
|
"the top-level binary crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the `panic_halt` "
|
|
"crate is linked in so we get its panic handler."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
msgid "This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for "
|
|
"Cortex M microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of "
|
|
"abstraction."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -> !"
|
|
"`, because returning to the reset handler doesn't make sense."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md
|
|
msgid "Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try "
|
|
"turning on an LED on our micro:bit:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
msgid "/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
msgid "// GPIO peripheral offsets\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
msgid "// PIN_CNF fields\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
msgid "// Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: The pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, and no\n"
|
|
" // aliases exist.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
msgid "// Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin 28 to "
|
|
"the first row."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md
|
|
msgid "Run the example with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
msgid "Peripheral Access Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust "
|
|
"wrappers for memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/"
|
|
"pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html) files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by silicon "
|
|
"vendors which describe the memory map of the device."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, "
|
|
"descriptions, addresses and so on."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects which "
|
|
"patch the mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated crates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
msgid "`cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run `cargo objdump --bin pac "
|
|
"-- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting binary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
msgid "HAL crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-"
|
|
"implementation-crates) for many microcontrollers provide wrappers around "
|
|
"various peripherals. These generally implement traits from [`embedded-hal`]"
|
|
"(https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
msgid "// Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various STM32, "
|
|
"GD32, nRF, NXP, MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Board support crates"
|
|
msgstr "Tastaturkürzel"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific board "
|
|
"for convenience."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, and a "
|
|
"bit of initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of the "
|
|
"microcontroller itself."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md
|
|
msgid "`microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
msgid "The type state pattern"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
msgid "// let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
msgid "// pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can exist. "
|
|
"Once a pin is moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you can’t "
|
|
"keep use the old instance afterwards."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, the "
|
|
"configuration state of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into the type "
|
|
"system, and ensures that you don't try to use a pin in a certain way without "
|
|
"properly configuring it first. Illegal state transitions are caught at compile "
|
|
"time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, but not "
|
|
"vice-versa."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
msgid "Many HAL crates follow this pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a "
|
|
"number of traits covering common microcontroller peripherals:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
msgid "GPIO"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
msgid "PWM"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
msgid "Delay timers"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
msgid "I2C and SPI buses and devices"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similar traits for byte streams (e.g. UARTs), CAN buses and RNGs and broken out "
|
|
"into [`embedded-io`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-io), [`embedded-can`]"
|
|
"(https://crates.io/crates/embedded-can) and [`rand_core`](https://crates.io/"
|
|
"crates/rand_core) respectively."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Other crates then implement [drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-"
|
|
"embedded-rust#driver-crates) in terms of these traits, e.g. an accelerometer "
|
|
"driver might need an I2C or SPI device instance."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The traits cover using the peripherals but not initialising or configuring "
|
|
"them, as initialisation and configuration is usually highly platform-specific."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other platforms "
|
|
"such as Linux on Raspberry Pi."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`embedded-hal-async`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal-async) provides "
|
|
"async versions of the traits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`embedded-hal-nb`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal-nb) provides another "
|
|
"approach to non-blocking I/O, based on the [`nb`](https://crates.io/crates/nb) "
|
|
"crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, like "
|
|
"OpenOCD but better integrated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
msgid "SWD (Serial Wire Debug) and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
msgid "GDB stub and Microsoft DAP (Debug Adapter Protocol) server"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
msgid "Cargo integration"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log RTT (Real "
|
|
"Time Transfers) output and connect GDB. It's configured by an `Embed.toml` file "
|
|
"in your project directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is an "
|
|
"Arm standard protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the "
|
|
"CoreSight Debug Access Port of various Arm Cortex processors. It's what the on-"
|
|
"board debugger on the BBC micro:bit uses."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-Link is "
|
|
"a range from SEGGER."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin Serial "
|
|
"Wire Debug."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you want "
|
|
"to."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-"
|
|
"adapter-protocol/) lets VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any "
|
|
"supported microcontroller."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
msgid "cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the debug "
|
|
"host and the target through a number of ringbuffers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md
|
|
msgid "_Embed.toml_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md
|
|
msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:"
|
|
msgstr "Überprüfen Sie in einem anderen Terminal, ob der Dienst ausgeführt wird:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md
|
|
msgid "On gLinux or Debian:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md
|
|
msgid "In GDB, try running:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "Other projects"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "\"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer queue."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "[Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "`async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection Unit "
|
|
"support."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, "
|
|
"unprivileged drivers, IPC."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "[Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g. [esp-idf](https://esp-rs.github."
|
|
"io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "It doesn't include any HALs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for scheduling "
|
|
"rather than a proper kernel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "Cortex-M only."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing "
|
|
"applications."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
|
|
"serial port."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-"
|
|
"morning.md) provided."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nachdem Sie sich die Übung angesehen haben, können Sie sich die bereitgestellte "
|
|
"\\[Lösung\\] ansehen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
|
|
"serial port. If you have time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or "
|
|
"use the buttons somehow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid "Hints:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/latest/"
|
|
"lsm303agr/) and [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/) "
|
|
"crates, as well as the [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit.org/"
|
|
"hardware/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C bus."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid "TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::i2c::I2c` "
|
|
"trait. The [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/"
|
|
"hal/struct.Twim.html) struct implements this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/"
|
|
"struct.Board.html) struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can also look at the [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi.com/"
|
|
"pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but it shouldn't be necessary for this "
|
|
"exercise."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and "
|
|
"look in the `compass` directory for the following files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "_Cargo.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid "_Embed.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "_.cargo/config.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid "Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Tag 3 Morgengymnastik"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](for-loops.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "// Configure serial port.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "// Use the system timer as a delay provider.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "// Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"Setting up IMU...\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "// Set up display and timer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"Ready.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "// Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink all LEDs\n"
|
|
" // on.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md
|
|
msgid "Application processors"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. "
|
|
"Now let's try writing something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work "
|
|
"with QEMU's aarch64 ['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/"
|
|
"virt.html) board."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of "
|
|
"privilege (exception levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application "
|
|
"processors do."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for each "
|
|
"architecture. The 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real "
|
|
"hardware, but is designed purely for virtual machines."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
msgid "Before we can start running Rust code, we need to do some initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global entry\n"
|
|
"entry:\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to\n"
|
|
" * enable MMU and caches.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" adrp x30, idmap\n"
|
|
" msr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
|
|
" msr mair_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
|
|
" /* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
|
|
" mrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
|
|
" bfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" msr tcr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then\n"
|
|
" * invalidate any potentially stale local TLB entries before they\n"
|
|
" * start being used.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
" tlbi vmalle1\n"
|
|
" ic iallu\n"
|
|
" dsb nsh\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed\n"
|
|
" * until this has completed.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" msr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
|
|
" mrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
|
|
" orr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
|
|
" msr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
|
|
" adr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
|
|
" adr_l x30, bss_end\n"
|
|
"0: cmp x29, x30\n"
|
|
" b.hs 1f\n"
|
|
" stp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
|
|
" b 0b\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1: /* Prepare the stack. */\n"
|
|
" adr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
|
|
" mov sp, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Set up exception vector. */\n"
|
|
" adr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
" msr vbar_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Call into Rust code. */\n"
|
|
" bl main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
|
|
"2: wfi\n"
|
|
" b 2b\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This code is in `src/bare-metal/aps/examples/entry.S`. It's not necessary to "
|
|
"understand this in detail -- the takeaway is that typically some low-level "
|
|
"setup is needed to meet Rust's expectations of the system."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the same as it would be for C: initialising the processor state, "
|
|
"zeroing the BSS, and setting up the stack pointer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The BSS (block starting symbol, for historical reasons) is the part of the "
|
|
"object file which containing statically allocated variables which are "
|
|
"initialised to zero. They are omitted from the image, to avoid wasting space on "
|
|
"zeroes. The compiler assumes that the loader will take care of zeroing them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The BSS may already be zeroed, depending on how memory is initialised and the "
|
|
"image is loaded, but we zero it to be sure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We need to enable the MMU and cache before reading or writing any memory. If we "
|
|
"don't:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unaligned accesses will fault. We build the Rust code for the `aarch64-unknown-"
|
|
"none` target which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler generating "
|
|
"unaligned accesses, so it should be fine in this case, but this is not "
|
|
"necessarily the case in general."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The "
|
|
"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, "
|
|
"while the host has cacheable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host "
|
|
"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache "
|
|
"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost when the cache is "
|
|
"cleaned or the VM enables the cache. (Cache is keyed by physical address, not "
|
|
"VA or IPA.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For simplicity, we just use a hardcoded pagetable (see `idmap.S`) which "
|
|
"identity maps the first 1 GiB of address space for devices, the next 1 GiB for "
|
|
"DRAM, and another 1 GiB higher up for more devices. This matches the memory "
|
|
"layout that QEMU uses."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We also set up the exception vector (`vbar_el1`), which we'll see more about "
|
|
"later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All examples this afternoon assume we will be running at exception level 1 "
|
|
"(EL1). If you need to run at a different exception level you'll need to modify "
|
|
"`entry.S` accordingly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "Inline assembly"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with Rust "
|
|
"code. For example, to make an HVC (hypervisor call) to tell the firmware to "
|
|
"power off the system:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do anything\n"
|
|
" // with memory.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"hvc #0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w1\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w2\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w3\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w4\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w5\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w6\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w7\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(If you actually want to do this, use the [`smccc`](https://crates.io/crates/"
|
|
"smccc) crate which has wrappers for all these functions.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of functions "
|
|
"to manage system and CPU power states, among other things. It is implemented by "
|
|
"EL3 firmware and hypervisors on many systems."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the "
|
|
"inline assembly code, and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use "
|
|
"`inout` rather than `in` because the call could potentially clobber the "
|
|
"contents of the registers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This `main` function needs to be `#[unsafe(no_mangle)]` and `extern \"C\"` "
|
|
"because it is called from our entry point in `entry.S`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are conventionally "
|
|
"used by the bootloader to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. "
|
|
"According to the standard aarch64 calling convention (which is what `extern "
|
|
"\"C\"` specifies to use), registers `x0`–`x7` are used for the first 8 "
|
|
"arguments passed to a function, so `entry.S` doesn't need to do anything "
|
|
"special except make sure it doesn't change these registers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
msgid "Volatile memory access for MMIO"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use [`pointer::read_volatile`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive."
|
|
"pointer.html#method.read_volatile) and [`pointer::write_volatile`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive.pointer.html#method.write_volatile)."
|
|
msgstr "`From` und `Into` werden verwendet, um Werte zu konvertieren,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
msgid "Never hold a reference."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `&raw` to get fields of structs without creating an intermediate reference."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
msgid "// SAFETY: Some device is mapped at this address.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so prevent the "
|
|
"compiler or hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the compiler "
|
|
"may assume that the value read is the same as the value just written, and not "
|
|
"bother actually reading memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, but "
|
|
"this is unsound. Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to "
|
|
"dereference it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
msgid "Use `&raw` to get struct field pointers from a pointer to the struct."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For compatibility with old versions of Rust you can use the [`addr_of!`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/ptr/macro.addr_of.html) macro instead."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md
|
|
msgid "Let's write a UART driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/documentation/"
|
|
"ddi0183/g) UART, so let's write a driver for that."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md
|
|
msgid "/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid "/// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid "// Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: We know that the base address points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid "// Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid "// Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is "
|
|
"because as long as the caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety "
|
|
"requirements are met (i.e. that there is only ever one instance of the driver "
|
|
"for a given UART, and nothing else aliasing its address space), then it is "
|
|
"always safe to call `write_byte` later because we can assume the necessary "
|
|
"preconditions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but `write_byte` "
|
|
"unsafe), but that would be much less convenient to use as every place that "
|
|
"calls `write_byte` would need to reason about the safety"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving the "
|
|
"burden of proof for soundness from a large number of places to a smaller number "
|
|
"of places."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "More traits"
|
|
msgstr "Züge"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more traits "
|
|
"too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: `Uart` just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
|
|
"// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with our "
|
|
"`Uart` type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Send` is an auto-trait, but not implemented automatically because it is not "
|
|
"implemented for pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Using it"
|
|
msgstr "Verwenden von Bindgen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/using.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device, and\n"
|
|
" // nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
msgid "\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/using.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` "
|
|
"function is called from our entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker "
|
|
"notes there for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/using.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "A better UART driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers), and adding "
|
|
"offsets to construct pointers to access them is error-prone and hard to read. "
|
|
"Plus, some of them are bit fields which would be nice to access in a structured "
|
|
"way."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "Offset"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "Register name"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "Width"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "0x00"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "DR"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "12"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "0x04"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "RSR"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "4"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "0x18"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "FR"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "9"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "0x20"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "ILPR"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "8"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "0x24"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "IBRD"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "16"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "0x28"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "FBRD"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "6"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "0x2c"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "LCR_H"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "0x30"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "CR"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "0x34"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "IFLS"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "0x38"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "IMSC"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "11"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "0x3c"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "RIS"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "0x40"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "MIS"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "0x44"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "ICR"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "0x48"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "DMACR"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "3"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for working "
|
|
"with bitflags."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
msgid "/// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
msgid "/// Clear to send.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
msgid "/// Data set ready.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
msgid "/// Data carrier detect.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
msgid "/// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
msgid "/// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
msgid "/// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
msgid "/// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
msgid "/// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
msgid "/// Ring indicator.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along with "
|
|
"a bunch of method implementations to get and set flags."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md
|
|
msgid "Multiple registers"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-"
|
|
"representation) tells the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, "
|
|
"following the same rules as C. This is necessary for our struct to have a "
|
|
"predictable layout, as default Rust representation allows the compiler to "
|
|
"(among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid "/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: We know that self.registers points to the control registers\n"
|
|
" // of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been\n"
|
|
" /// received.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: We know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note the use of `&raw const` / `&raw mut` to get pointers to individual fields "
|
|
"without creating an intermediate reference, which would be unsound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, "
|
|
"and echo incoming bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
msgid "b'\\r'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "b'\\n'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
msgid "b'q'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
msgid "\"\\n\\nBye!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`](https://"
|
|
"crates.io/crates/log) crate. We can do this by implementing the `Log` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md
|
|
msgid "\"[{}] {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md
|
|
msgid "/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The first unwrap in `log` will succeed because we initialise `LOGGER` before "
|
|
"calling `set_logger`. The second will succeed because `Uart::write_str` always "
|
|
"returns `Ok`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"{info}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
msgid "Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"AArch64 defines an exception vector table with 16 entries, for 4 types of "
|
|
"exceptions (synchronous, IRQ, FIQ, SError) from 4 states (current EL with SP0, "
|
|
"current EL with SPx, lower EL using AArch64, lower EL using AArch32). We "
|
|
"implement this in assembly to save volatile registers to the stack before "
|
|
"calling into Rust code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md
|
|
msgid "EL is exception level; all our examples this afternoon run in EL1."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For simplicity we aren't distinguishing between SP0 and SPx for the current EL "
|
|
"exceptions, or between AArch32 and AArch64 for the lower EL exceptions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this example we just log the exception and power down, as we don't expect "
|
|
"any of them to actually happen."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can think of exception handlers and our main execution context more or less "
|
|
"like different threads. [`Send` and `Sync`](../../concurrency/send-sync.md) "
|
|
"will control what we can share between them, just like with threads. For "
|
|
"example, if we want to share some value between exception handlers and the rest "
|
|
"of the program, and it's `Send` but not `Sync`, then we'll need to wrap it in "
|
|
"something like a `Mutex` and put it in a static."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "\"coreboot without the C\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-"
|
|
"raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, "
|
|
"exception handling, page tables."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some dodginess around cache maintenance and initialisation in Rust, not "
|
|
"necessarily a good example to copy for production code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid "Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The RaspberryPi OS tutorial runs Rust code before the MMU and caches are "
|
|
"enabled. This will read and write memory (e.g. the stack). However, this has "
|
|
"the problems mentioned at the beginning of this session regarding unaligned "
|
|
"access and cache coherency."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Useful crates"
|
|
msgstr "Nützliche Kisten (Crates)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We'll look at a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal "
|
|
"programming."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) crate (from Fuchsia) provides "
|
|
"traits and macros for safely converting between byte sequences and other types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), "
|
|
"but can be useful for working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by DMA, "
|
|
"or sent over some external interface."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is valid, "
|
|
"and so can safely be converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because "
|
|
"`RequestType` doesn't use all possible u32 values as discriminants, so not all "
|
|
"byte patterns are valid."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md
|
|
msgid "`zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy-"
|
|
"example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate dependency.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) crate lets you "
|
|
"create page tables according to the AArch64 Virtual Memory System Architecture."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
msgid "// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
msgid "// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
msgid "// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels should be "
|
|
"straightforward to add."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware](https://cs.android.com/"
|
|
"android/platform/superproject/+/master:packages/modules/Virtualization/pvmfw/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real hardware or "
|
|
"under QEMU."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator) is "
|
|
"a crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator. It can be used both to "
|
|
"implement [`GlobalAlloc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/alloc/trait."
|
|
"GlobalAlloc.html) (using [`LockedHeap`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/buddy_system_allocator/struct.LockedHeap.html)) so "
|
|
"you can use the standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before](../alloc.md)), or "
|
|
"for allocating other address space (using [`FrameAllocator`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/buddy_system_allocator/struct.FrameAllocator."
|
|
"html)) . For example, we might want to allocate MMIO space for PCI BARs:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md
|
|
msgid "PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/allocator-"
|
|
"example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate dependency.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without "
|
|
"heap allocation. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec) provides this: a "
|
|
"vector backed by an array or slice, which could be statically allocated or on "
|
|
"the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used and panics if you "
|
|
"try to use more than are allocated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine inline."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` "
|
|
"are not available in `core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or "
|
|
"interior mutability, such as for sharing state between different CPUs?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) crate provides spinlock-based "
|
|
"equivalents of many of these primitives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md
|
|
msgid "Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of `RwLock`, "
|
|
"`Barrier` and `Once` from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell) crate also has some "
|
|
"useful types for late initialisation with a slightly different approach to "
|
|
"`spin::once::Once`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md
|
|
msgid "The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a `rust_ffi_static` "
|
|
"Soong rule to build your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` with a linker script to "
|
|
"produce the binary itself, and then a `raw_binary` to convert the ELF to a raw "
|
|
"binary ready to be run."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md
|
|
msgid "vmbase"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase](https://android."
|
|
"googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Virtualization/+/refs/heads/main/"
|
|
"libs/libvmbase/) library provides a linker script and useful defaults for the "
|
|
"build rules, along with an entry point, UART console logging and more."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` "
|
|
"entry point."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a "
|
|
"PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown the VM if your main function returns."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-"
|
|
"afternoon.md) provided."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nachdem Sie sich die Übung angesehen haben, können Sie sich die bereitgestellte "
|
|
"\\[Lösung\\] ansehen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "RTC driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0224/c) real-time clock at 0x9010000. For this exercise, you "
|
|
"should write a driver for it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use the "
|
|
"[`chrono`](https://crates.io/crates/chrono) crate for date/time formatting."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the match register and raw interrupt status to busy-wait until a given "
|
|
"time, e.g. 3 seconds in the future. (Call [`core::hint::spin_loop`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/core/hint/fn.spin_loop.html) inside the loop.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Extension if you have time:_ Enable and handle the interrupt generated by the "
|
|
"RTC match. You can use the driver provided in the [`arm-gic`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"arm-gic/) crate to configure the Arm Generic Interrupt Controller."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "Use the RTC interrupt, which is wired to the GIC as `IntId::spi(2)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Once the interrupt is enabled, you can put the core to sleep via `arm_gic::"
|
|
"wfi()`, which will cause the core to sleep until it receives an interrupt."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and "
|
|
"look in the `rtc` directory for the following files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_src/exceptions.rs_ (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of "
|
|
"the exercise):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "_src/logger.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "_src/pl011.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "_build.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "_entry.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "_exceptions.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "_idmap.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "_image.ld_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "_Makefile_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Hadwarenahes Rust: Nachmittags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](luhn.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the base\n"
|
|
" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n"
|
|
" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 device, and\n"
|
|
" // nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"RTC: {time}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "// Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"Waiting for {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"Finished waiting\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "// Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "_pl031.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Data register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Match register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Load register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Control register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Raw Interrupt Status\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Masked Interrupt Status\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Interrupt Clear Register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of a\n"
|
|
" /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Reads the current RTC value.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: We know that self.registers points to the control registers\n"
|
|
" // of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an interrupt\n"
|
|
" /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or not\n"
|
|
" /// the interrupt is enabled.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// This should be true if and only if `matched` returns true and the\n"
|
|
" /// interrupt is masked.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false the\n"
|
|
" /// interrupt is disabled.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: `Rtc` just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
|
|
"// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Concurrency in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Willkommen bei Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and "
|
|
"channels."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust bietet volle Unterstützung für Parallelität unter Verwendung von "
|
|
"Betriebssystem-Threads mit Mutexes und Kanäle."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs "
|
|
"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since "
|
|
"you can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Rust-Typsystem spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung vieler "
|
|
"Nebenläufigkeitsfehler Kompilierzeitfehler. Dies wird seit Ihnen oft als "
|
|
"_furchtlose Parallelität_ bezeichnet kann sich auf den Compiler verlassen, um "
|
|
"die Korrektheit zur Laufzeit sicherzustellen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome.md src/concurrency/welcome-async.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 3 hours and 20 "
|
|
"minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust lets us access OS concurrency toolkit: threads, sync. primitives, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The type system gives us safety for concurrency without any special features."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The same tools that help with \"concurrent\" access in a single thread (e.g., a "
|
|
"called function that might mutate an argument or save references to it to read "
|
|
"later) save us from multi-threading issues."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md src/concurrency/shared-state.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 30 minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust-Threads funktionieren ähnlich wie Threads in anderen Sprachen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "\"Count in thread: {i}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "\"Main thread: {i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Spawning new threads does not automatically delay program termination at the "
|
|
"end of `main`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Thread panics are independent of each other."
|
|
msgstr "Thread-Panics sind voneinander unabhängig."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with [`Any::downcast_ref`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/trait.Any.html#method.downcast_ref)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Paniken können eine Nutzlast tragen, die mit `downcast_ref` entpackt werden "
|
|
"kann."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Run the example."
|
|
msgstr "Rost zum Beispiel"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"5ms timing is loose enough that main and spawned threads stay mostly in "
|
|
"lockstep."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "Notice that the program ends before the spawned thread reaches 10!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is because `main` ends the program and spawned threads do not make it "
|
|
"persist."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "Compare to `pthreads`/C++ `std::thread`/`boost::thread` if desired."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "How do we wait around for the spawned thread to complete?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`thread::spawn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.spawn.html) returns a "
|
|
"`JoinHandle`. Look at the docs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) ist ein eigener "
|
|
"Zeiger auf Daten auf dem Heap:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`JoinHandle` has a [`.join()`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/struct."
|
|
"JoinHandle.html#method.join) method that blocks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for the "
|
|
"thread to finish and have the program count all the way to 10."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "Now what if we want to return a value?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "Look at docs again:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`thread::spawn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.spawn.html)'s closure "
|
|
"returns `T`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie können dafür jedoch einen [Scoped Thread](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"thread/fn.scope.html) verwenden:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`JoinHandle` [`.join()`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/struct.JoinHandle."
|
|
"html#method.join) returns `thread::Result<T>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the "
|
|
"returned value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "Ok, what about the other case?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "Trigger a panic in the thread. Note that this doesn't panic `main`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Access the panic payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Überladen von Operatoren wird über Traits in `std::ops` implementiert:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "Now we can return values from threads! What about taking inputs?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "Capture something by reference in the thread closure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "An error message indicates we must move it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "Move it in, see we can compute and then return a derived value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "If we want to borrow?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Main kills child threads when it returns, but another function would just "
|
|
"return and leave them running."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "That would be stack use-after-return, which violates memory safety!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/plain.md
|
|
msgid "How do we avoid this? See next slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/scoped.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:"
|
|
msgstr "Normale Threads können nicht von ihrer Umgebung ausleihen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/scoped.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, you can use a [scoped thread](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn."
|
|
"scope.html) for this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie können dafür jedoch einen [Scoped Thread](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"thread/fn.scope.html) verwenden:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/scoped.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all "
|
|
"the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der Grund dafür ist, dass nach Abschluss der `thread::scope`\\-Funktion "
|
|
"garantiert alle Threads verbunden sind, sodass sie geliehene Daten zurückgeben "
|
|
"können."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads/scoped.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one thread, "
|
|
"or immutably by any number of threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es gelten die normalen Rust-Ausleihregeln: Sie können entweder veränderlich von "
|
|
"einem Thread ausleihen oder unveränderlich von einer beliebigen Anzahl von "
|
|
"Threads."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md src/concurrency/async-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 20 minutes. It contains:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/senders-receivers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust channels have two parts: a [`Sender<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"sync/mpsc/struct.Sender.html) and a [`Receiver<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/sync/mpsc/struct.Receiver.html). The two parts are connected via the "
|
|
"channel, but you only see the end-points."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust-Kanäle bestehen aus zwei Teilen: einem `Sender<T>` und einem "
|
|
"`Receiver<T>`. Die zwei Teile über den Kanal verbunden sind, aber Sie sehen nur "
|
|
"die Endpunkte."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/senders-receivers.md
|
|
msgid "\"Received: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/senders-receivers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`mpsc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/mpsc/index.html) stands for Multi-"
|
|
"Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` implement `Clone` (so you "
|
|
"can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does not."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"„mpsc“ steht für Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` und `SyncSender` "
|
|
"implementieren `Clone` (also Sie können mehrere Producer erstellen), aber "
|
|
"'Receiver' nicht."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/senders-receivers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`send()`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/mpsc/struct.Sender.html#method."
|
|
"send) and [`recv()`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/mpsc/struct.Receiver."
|
|
"html#method.recv) return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the "
|
|
"counterpart `Sender` or `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`send()` und `recv()` geben `Result` zurück. Wenn sie `Err` zurückgeben, "
|
|
"bedeutet dies das Gegenstück `Sender` bzw „Receiver“ wird fallen gelassen und "
|
|
"der Kanal wird geschlossen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with [`mpsc::channel()`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/mpsc/fn.channel.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Einen unbegrenzten und asynchronen Kanal erhält man mit `mpsc::channel()`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
msgid "\"Message {i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: done\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
msgid "\"Main: got {msg}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An unbounded channel will allocate as much space as is necessary to store "
|
|
"pending messages. The `send()` method will not block the calling thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A call to `send()` will abort with an error (that is why it returns `Result`) "
|
|
"if the channel is closed. A channel is closed when the receiver is dropped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With bounded (synchronous) channels, [`send()`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"sync/mpsc/struct.SyncSender.html#method.send) can block the current thread:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Gebundene und synchrone Kanäle sorgen dafür, dass der aktuelle Thread durch "
|
|
"„Senden“ blockiert wird:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Calling `send()` will block the current thread until there is space in the "
|
|
"channel for the new message. The thread can be blocked indefinitely if there is "
|
|
"nobody who reads from the channel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like unbounded channels, a call to `send()` will abort with an error if the "
|
|
"channel is closed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A bounded channel with a size of zero is called a \"rendezvous channel\". Every "
|
|
"send will block the current thread until another thread calls [`recv()`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/mpsc/struct.Receiver.html#method.recv)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
msgid "Send"
|
|
msgstr "Send"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
msgid "Sync"
|
|
msgstr "Sync"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/marker-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"How does Rust know to forbid shared access across threads? The answer is in two "
|
|
"traits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Woher weiß Rust, dass es den gemeinsamen Zugriff über Threads verbieten soll? "
|
|
"Die Antwort liegt in zwei Merkmalen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/marker-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): a type `T` is "
|
|
"`Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread boundary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): ein Typ `T` ist "
|
|
"`Send`, wenn es sicher ist, ein `T` über einen Thread zu bewegen Grenze."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/marker-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): a type `T` is "
|
|
"`Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread boundary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): ein Typ `T` ist "
|
|
"`Sync`, wenn es sicher ist, ein `&T` über einen Thread zu verschieben Grenze."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/marker-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits](../../unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md). The "
|
|
"compiler will automatically derive them for your types as long as they only "
|
|
"contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when you "
|
|
"know it is valid."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"„Senden“ und „Synchronisieren“ sind [unsichere Eigenschaften](../unsafe/unsafe-"
|
|
"traits.md). Der Compiler leitet sie automatisch für Ihre Typen ab solange sie "
|
|
"nur die Typen `Send` und `Sync` enthalten. Sie können sie auch manuell "
|
|
"implementieren, wenn Sie wissen, dass es gültig ist."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/marker-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-"
|
|
"safety properties."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Man kann sich diese Eigenschaften als Markierungen dafür vorstellen, dass der "
|
|
"Typ bestimmte Thread-Sicherheitseigenschaften hat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/marker-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie können in den generischen Einschränkungen als normale Merkmale verwendet "
|
|
"werden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A type `T` is [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) if "
|
|
"it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ein Typ `T` ist [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html), "
|
|
"wenn es sicher ist, einen `T`\\-Wert in einen anderen Thread zu verschieben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will run "
|
|
"in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one thread "
|
|
"and deallocate it in another."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Verschieben der Eigentümerschaft auf einen anderen Thread hat zur Folge, "
|
|
"dass _destructors_ ausgeführt wird in diesem Thread. Die Frage ist also, wann "
|
|
"Sie einen Wert in einem Thread zuweisen können und es in einem anderen "
|
|
"freigeben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As an example, a connection to the SQLite library must only be accessed from a "
|
|
"single thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A type `T` is [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) if "
|
|
"it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple threads at the same time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ein Typ `T` ist [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html), "
|
|
"wenn es sicher ist, von mehreren auf einen `T`\\-Wert zuzugreifen Threads "
|
|
"gleichzeitig."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "More precisely, the definition is:"
|
|
msgstr "Genauer gesagt lautet die Definition:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`"
|
|
msgstr "`T` ist `Sync` genau dann, wenn `&T` `Send` ist"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is "
|
|
"thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it "
|
|
"across threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Diese Anweisung ist im Wesentlichen eine Kurzform dafür, dass ein Typ, der für "
|
|
"die gemeinsame Verwendung Thread-sicher ist, auch Thread-sicher ist, Verweise "
|
|
"auf ihn über Threads hinweg zu übergeben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across "
|
|
"multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization "
|
|
"issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type is "
|
|
"also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references can be "
|
|
"accessed from any thread safely."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Denn wenn ein Typ Sync ist, bedeutet dies, dass er von mehreren Threads "
|
|
"gemeinsam genutzt werden kann, ohne das Risiko von Datenrennen oder anderen "
|
|
"Synchronisierungsproblemen, sodass es sicher ist, ihn in einen anderen Thread "
|
|
"zu verschieben. Ein Verweis auf den Typ kann auch sicher in einen anderen "
|
|
"Thread verschoben werden, da auf die Daten, auf die er verweist, von jedem "
|
|
"Thread aus sicher zugegriffen werden kann."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Send + Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Senden + Synchronisieren`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:"
|
|
msgstr "Die meisten Typen, auf die Sie stoßen, sind „Send + Sync“:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
msgid "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
msgid "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
msgid "`String`, `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `Box<T>`, ..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
msgid "`Arc<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
msgid "`Mutex<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`mpsc::Sender<T>`: As of 1.72.0."
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::Sender<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
msgid "`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are "
|
|
"`Send + Sync`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die generischen Typen sind typischerweise `Send + Sync`, wenn es die "
|
|
"Typparameter sind „Senden + Synchronisieren“."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Send + !Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Senden + !Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe. "
|
|
"Typically because of interior mutability:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Diese Typen können in andere Threads verschoben werden, sind aber nicht Thread-"
|
|
"sicher. Typischerweise wegen innerer Mutabilität:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Cell<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`Zelle<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`RefCell<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`RefCell<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`!Send + Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`!Senden + Synchronisieren`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types are safe to access (via shared references) from multiple threads, "
|
|
"but they cannot be moved to another thread:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Diese Typen sind Thread-sicher, können aber nicht in einen anderen Thread "
|
|
"verschoben werden:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`MutexGuard<T: Sync>`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on "
|
|
"the thread which created them. However, an already-locked mutex can have its "
|
|
"guarded variable read by any thread with which the guard is shared."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`MutexGuard<T>`: Verwendet Primitive auf Betriebssystemebene, die auf dem "
|
|
"freigegeben werden müssen Thread, der sie erstellt hat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`!Send + !Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`!Senden + !Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Diese Typen sind nicht Thread-sicher und können nicht in andere Threads "
|
|
"verschoben werden:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc<T>`: each `Rc<T>` has a reference to an `RcBox<T>`, which contains a non-"
|
|
"atomic reference count."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Rc<T>`: Jedes `Rc<T>` hat eine Referenz auf eine `RcBox<T>`, die eine enthält "
|
|
"nicht-atomarer Referenzzähler."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special concurrency "
|
|
"considerations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust geht davon aus, dass Rohzeiger möglicherweise etwas "
|
|
"Besonderes haben Parallelitätsüberlegungen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state.md
|
|
msgid "Arc"
|
|
msgstr "Arc"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state.md
|
|
msgid "Mutex"
|
|
msgstr "Mutex"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/arc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) allows shared "
|
|
"read-only access via `Arc::clone`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) ermöglicht den "
|
|
"gemeinsamen Nur-Lese-Zugriff über seine `clone`\\-Methode:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/arc.md
|
|
msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/arc.md src/concurrency/shared-state/example.md
|
|
msgid "\"v: {v:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/arc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` "
|
|
"that uses atomic operations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Arc` steht für \"Atomic Reference Counted\", eine Thread-sichere Version von "
|
|
"`Rc`, die atomar verwendet Operationen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/arc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Arc<T>` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` and "
|
|
"`Sync` if and only if `T` implements them both."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Arc<T>` implementiert `Clone` unabhängig davon, ob `T` dies tut oder nicht. Es "
|
|
"implementiert `Send` und `Sync` iff `T` setzt sie beide um."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/arc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but after "
|
|
"that the use of the `T` is free."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Arc::clone()` hat die Kosten für atomare Operationen, die ausgeführt werden, "
|
|
"aber danach die Verwendung der „T“ ist frei."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/arc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect "
|
|
"them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Hüten Sie sich vor Referenzzyklen, `Arc` verwendet keinen Garbage Collector, um "
|
|
"sie zu erkennen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/arc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`std::sync::Weak` can help."
|
|
msgstr "`std::sync::Weak` kann helfen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) ensures "
|
|
"mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T` behind a read-only "
|
|
"interface (another form of [interior mutability](../../borrowing/interior-"
|
|
"mutability.md)):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) sorgt für "
|
|
"gegenseitigen Ausschluss _und_ erlaubt veränderlichen Zugriff auf `T` hinter "
|
|
"einer Nur-Lese-Schnittstelle:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/mutex.md
|
|
msgid "\"v: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice how we have a [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E) blanket "
|
|
"implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Beachten Sie, wie wir eine [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E) Blanket haben "
|
|
"Implementierung."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element --- the protected "
|
|
"data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Mutex` in Rust sieht aus wie eine Sammlung mit nur einem Element - den "
|
|
"geschützten Daten."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the "
|
|
"protected data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es ist nicht möglich, das Abrufen des Mutex zu vergessen, bevor auf die "
|
|
"geschützten Daten zugegriffen wird."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex<T>` by taking the lock. The "
|
|
"`MutexGuard` ensures that the `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie können ein `&mut T` von einem `&Mutex<T>` erhalten, indem Sie die Sperre "
|
|
"nehmen. Der `MutexGuard` sorgt dafür, dass die `&mut T` überlebt die gehaltene "
|
|
"Sperre nicht."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Mutex<T>` implements both `Send` and `Sync` if and only if `T` implements "
|
|
"`Send`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Mutex<T>` implementiert sowohl `Send` als auch `Sync`, wenn `T` `Send` "
|
|
"implementiert."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A read-write lock counterpart: `RwLock`."
|
|
msgstr "Ein Gegenstück zur Lese-Schreib-Sperre - `RwLock`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Why does `lock()` return a `Result`?"
|
|
msgstr "Warum gibt `lock()` ein `Result` zurück?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes \"poisoned\" "
|
|
"to signal that the data it protected might be in an inconsistent state. Calling "
|
|
"`lock()` on a poisoned mutex fails with a [`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html). You can call `into_inner()` on the error "
|
|
"to recover the data regardless."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn der Thread, der den `Mutex` enthielt, in Panik geriet, wird der `Mutex` "
|
|
"\"vergiftet\", um dies zu signalisieren Die geschützten Daten befinden sich "
|
|
"möglicherweise in einem inkonsistenten Zustand. Aufruf von `lock()` auf einem "
|
|
"vergifteten Mutex schlägt mit einem [`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html) fehl. Sie können `into_inner()` für den "
|
|
"Fehler aufrufen, um die Daten wiederherzustellen trotzdem."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/example.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:"
|
|
msgstr "Sehen wir uns `Arc` und `Mutex` in Aktion an:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/example.md
|
|
msgid "// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/example.md
|
|
msgid "Possible solution:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/example.md
|
|
msgid "Notable parts:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/example.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are orthogonal."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`v` ist sowohl in `Arc` als auch in `Mutex` eingeschlossen, weil ihre Anliegen "
|
|
"orthogonal sind."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/example.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state "
|
|
"between threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Umhüllen eines `Mutex` in einen `Arc` ist ein gängiges Muster, um einen "
|
|
"veränderlichen Zustand zwischen Threads zu teilen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/example.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another "
|
|
"thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"„v: Arc\\<\\_\\>“ muss als „v2“ geklont werden, bevor es in einen anderen "
|
|
"Thread verschoben werden kann. Der Lambda-Signatur wurde der Hinweis „move“ "
|
|
"hinzugefügt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared-state/example.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as "
|
|
"possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Blöcke werden eingeführt, um den Anwendungsbereich von `LockGuard` so weit wie "
|
|
"möglich einzuschränken.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"Wir müssen noch den `Mutex` erwerben, um unseren `Vec` zu drucken."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Dining-Philosophen-Problem ist ein klassisches Nebenläufigkeitsproblem:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has their "
|
|
"own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish served is "
|
|
"a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each philosopher can "
|
|
"only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can only eat their "
|
|
"spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two forks will only "
|
|
"be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, not eating. After "
|
|
"an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put down both forks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Fünf Philosophen speisen gemeinsam am selben Tisch. Jeder Philosoph hat seine "
|
|
"eigener Platz am Tisch. Zwischen jedem Teller befindet sich eine Gabel. Das "
|
|
"servierte Gericht ist eine Art Spaghetti, die mit zwei Gabeln gegessen werden "
|
|
"muss. Jeder Philosoph kann nur abwechselnd denken und essen. Außerdem kann ein "
|
|
"Philosoph nur ihre essen Spaghetti, wenn sie sowohl eine linke als auch eine "
|
|
"rechte Gabel haben. Also zwei Gabeln werden nur verfügbar sein, wenn ihre "
|
|
"beiden nächsten Nachbarn nachdenken, nicht essen. Nach ein einzelner Philosoph "
|
|
"mit dem Essen fertig ist, legen sie beide Gabeln weg."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) for "
|
|
"this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill out the "
|
|
"blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dazu benötigen Sie eine lokale [Cargo-Installation](../../cargo/running-locally."
|
|
"md). diese Übung. Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code in die Datei `src/main.rs`, "
|
|
"füllen Sie die Lücken aus, und teste, dass `cargo run` keinen Deadlock "
|
|
"verursacht:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // thoughts: ...\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
msgid "// Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"{} is eating...\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Socrates\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hypatia\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Plato\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Aristotle\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Pythagoras\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "// Create forks\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "// Create philosophers\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
msgid "// Make each of them think and eat 100 times\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "// Output their thoughts\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Encourage students to focus first on implementing a solution that \"mostly\" "
|
|
"works."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The deadlock in the simplest solution is a general concurrency problem and "
|
|
"highlights that Rust does not automatically prevent this sort of bug."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It should "
|
|
"start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It should "
|
|
"recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this until all "
|
|
"pages have been validated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Lassen Sie uns unser neues Wissen nutzen, um einen Multithread-Link-Checker zu "
|
|
"erstellen. Es sollte Starten Sie auf einer Webseite und prüfen Sie, ob die "
|
|
"Links auf der Seite gültig sind. Es sollte Überprüfen Sie rekursiv andere "
|
|
"Seiten auf derselben Domain und tun Sie dies so lange, bis alle Seiten wurden "
|
|
"validiert."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"reqwest/). You will also need a way to find links, we can use [`scraper`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/scraper/). Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors, we "
|
|
"will use [`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Create a new Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dazu benötigen Sie einen HTTP-Client wie [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/reqwest/). "
|
|
"Erstelle eine neue Frachtprojekt und `reqwest` es als Abhängigkeit mit:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the "
|
|
"`Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Wenn `cargo add` mit `error: no such subcommand` fehlschlägt, dann bearbeiten "
|
|
"Sie bitte die `Cargo.toml`\\-Datei von Hand. Fügen Sie die unten aufgeführten "
|
|
"Abhängigkeiten hinzu."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die `cargo add`\\-Aufrufe aktualisieren die `Cargo.toml`\\-Datei so, dass sie "
|
|
"wie folgt aussieht:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"link-checker\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-tls\"] }\n"
|
|
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
|
|
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as `https://www."
|
|
"google.org/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sie können nun die Startseite herunterladen. Versuchen Sie es mit einer kleinen "
|
|
"Website wie z `https://www.google.org/`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:"
|
|
msgstr "Ihre `src/main.rs`\\-Datei sollte in etwa so aussehen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"request error: {0}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"bad http response: {0}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Checking {:#}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"href\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: {err}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"https://www.google.org\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
msgid "\"Links: {links:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
msgid "\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with"
|
|
msgstr "Führen Sie den Code in `src/main.rs` mit aus"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a "
|
|
"channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Verwenden Sie Threads, um die Links parallel zu prüfen: Senden Sie die zu "
|
|
"prüfenden URLs an a Channel und lass ein paar Threads parallel die URLs prüfen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the `www.google.org` "
|
|
"domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you don't end up being "
|
|
"blocked by the site."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Erweitern Sie dies, um Links von allen Seiten rekursiv zu extrahieren `www."
|
|
"google.org`\\-Domain. Setzen Sie eine Obergrenze von 100 Seiten oder so, dass "
|
|
"Sie am Ende nicht von der Seite blockiert werden."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/link-checker.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a complex exercise and intended to give students an opportunity to work "
|
|
"on a larger project than others. A success condition for this exercise is to "
|
|
"get stuck on some \"real\" issue and work through it with the support of other "
|
|
"students or the instructor."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"{} is trying to eat\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
|
|
" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
|
|
" // either of them.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"{thought}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Link Checker"
|
|
msgstr "Link Überprüfung mit mehreren Ausführungssträngen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "/// Determine whether links within the given page should be extracted.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Mark the given page as visited, returning false if it had already\n"
|
|
" /// been visited.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "// The sender got dropped. No more commands coming in.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Got crawling error: {:#}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/sync-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Bad URLs: {:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome-async.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Async\" is a concurrency model where multiple tasks are executed concurrently "
|
|
"by executing each task until it would block, then switching to another task "
|
|
"that is ready to make progress. The model allows running a larger number of "
|
|
"tasks on a limited number of threads. This is because the per-task overhead is "
|
|
"typically very low and operating systems provide primitives for efficiently "
|
|
"identifying I/O that is able to proceed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome-async.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust's asynchronous operation is based on \"futures\", which represent work "
|
|
"that may be completed in the future. Futures are \"polled\" until they signal "
|
|
"that they are complete."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome-async.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Futures are polled by an async runtime, and several different runtimes are "
|
|
"available."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome-async.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Python has a similar model in its `asyncio`. However, its `Future` type is "
|
|
"callback-based, and not polled. Async Python programs require a \"loop\", "
|
|
"similar to a runtime in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/welcome-async.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"JavaScript's `Promise` is similar, but again callback-based. The language "
|
|
"runtime implements the event loop, so many of the details of Promise resolution "
|
|
"are hidden."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "async/await"
|
|
msgstr "Async Merkmale"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/async-await.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At a high level, async Rust code looks very much like \"normal\" sequential "
|
|
"code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/async-await.md
|
|
msgid "\"Count is: {i}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/async-await.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that this is a simplified example to show the syntax. There is no long "
|
|
"running operation or any real concurrency in it!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/async-await.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"async\" keyword is syntactic sugar. The compiler replaces the return type "
|
|
"with a future."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/async-await.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You cannot make `main` async, without additional instructions to the compiler "
|
|
"on how to use the returned future."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/async-await.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You need an executor to run async code. `block_on` blocks the current thread "
|
|
"until the provided future has run to completion."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/async-await.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`.await` asynchronously waits for the completion of another operation. Unlike "
|
|
"`block_on`, `.await` doesn't block the current thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/async-await.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`.await` can only be used inside an `async` function (or block; these are "
|
|
"introduced later)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/futures.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html) is a trait, "
|
|
"implemented by objects that represent an operation that may not be complete "
|
|
"yet. A future can be polled, and `poll` returns a [`Poll`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/futures.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An async function returns an `impl Future`. It's also possible (but uncommon) "
|
|
"to implement `Future` for your own types. For example, the `JoinHandle` "
|
|
"returned from `tokio::spawn` implements `Future` to allow joining to it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/futures.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `.await` keyword, applied to a Future, causes the current async function to "
|
|
"pause until that Future is ready, and then evaluates to its output."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/futures.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Future` and `Poll` types are implemented exactly as shown; click the links "
|
|
"to show the implementations in the docs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/futures.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will not get to `Pin` and `Context`, as we will focus on writing async code, "
|
|
"rather than building new async primitives. Briefly:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/futures.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Context` allows a Future to schedule itself to be polled again when an event "
|
|
"occurs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/futures.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Pin` ensures that the Future isn't moved in memory, so that pointers into that "
|
|
"future remain valid. This is required to allow references to remain valid after "
|
|
"an `.await`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A _runtime_ provides support for performing operations asynchronously (a "
|
|
"_reactor_) and is responsible for executing futures (an _executor_). Rust does "
|
|
"not have a \"built-in\" runtime, but several options are available:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/): performant, with a well-developed ecosystem of "
|
|
"functionality like [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) for HTTP or [Tonic](https://"
|
|
"github.com/hyperium/tonic) for gRPC."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[async-std](https://async.rs/): aims to be a \"std for async\", and includes a "
|
|
"basic runtime in `async::task`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes.md
|
|
msgid "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/): simple and lightweight"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Several larger applications have their own runtimes. For example, [Fuchsia]"
|
|
"(https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/fuchsia-"
|
|
"async/src/lib.rs) already has one."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that of the listed runtimes, only Tokio is supported in the Rust "
|
|
"playground. The playground also does not permit any I/O, so most interesting "
|
|
"async things can't run in the playground."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Futures are \"inert\" in that they do not do anything (not even start an I/O "
|
|
"operation) unless there is an executor polling them. This differs from JS "
|
|
"Promises, for example, which will run to completion even if they are never used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "Tokio provides:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "A multi-threaded runtime for executing asynchronous code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "An asynchronous version of the standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "A large ecosystem of libraries."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "\"Count in task: {i}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "\"Main task: {i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "With the `tokio::main` macro we can now make `main` async."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "The `spawn` function creates a new, concurrent \"task\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "Note: `spawn` takes a `Future`, you don't call `.await` on `count_to`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "**Further exploration:**"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Why does `count_to` not (usually) get to 10? This is an example of async "
|
|
"cancellation. `tokio::spawn` returns a handle which can be awaited to wait "
|
|
"until it finishes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "Try `count_to(10).await` instead of spawning."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "Try awaiting the task returned from `tokio::spawn`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid "Rust has a task system, which is a form of lightweight threading."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A task has a single top-level future which the executor polls to make progress. "
|
|
"That future may have one or more nested futures that its `poll` method polls, "
|
|
"corresponding loosely to a call stack. Concurrency within a task is possible by "
|
|
"polling multiple child futures, such as racing a timer and an I/O operation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid "\"127.0.0.1:0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid "\"listening on port {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid "\"connection from {addr:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid "b\"Who are you?\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid "\"socket error\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid "\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/tasks.md src/concurrency/async-control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid "Copy this example into your prepared `src/main.rs` and run it from there."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try connecting to it with a TCP connection tool like [nc](https://www.unix.com/"
|
|
"man-page/linux/1/nc/) or [telnet](https://www.unix.com/man-page/linux/1/"
|
|
"telnet/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ask students to visualize what the state of the example server would be with a "
|
|
"few connected clients. What tasks exist? What are their Futures?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the first time we've seen an `async` block. This is similar to a "
|
|
"closure, but does not take any arguments. Its return value is a Future, similar "
|
|
"to an `async fn`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Refactor the async block into a function, and improve the error handling using "
|
|
"`?`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/channels.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Several crates have support for asynchronous channels. For instance `tokio`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/channels.md
|
|
msgid "\"Received {count} pings so far.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/channels.md
|
|
msgid "\"ping_handler complete\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/channels.md
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to send ping.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/channels.md
|
|
msgid "\"Sent {} pings so far.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/channels.md
|
|
msgid "\"Something went wrong in ping handler task.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/channels.md
|
|
msgid "Change the channel size to `3` and see how it affects the execution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/channels.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Overall, the interface is similar to the `sync` channels as seen in the "
|
|
"[morning class](../channels.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/channels.md
|
|
msgid "Try removing the `std::mem::drop` call. What happens? Why?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/channels.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) crate has channels that "
|
|
"implement both `sync` and `async` `send` and `recv`. This can be convenient for "
|
|
"complex applications with both IO and heavy CPU processing tasks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/channels.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What makes working with `async` channels preferable is the ability to combine "
|
|
"them with other `future`s to combine them and create complex control flow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A join operation waits until all of a set of futures are ready, and returns a "
|
|
"collection of their results. This is similar to `Promise.all` in JavaScript or "
|
|
"`asyncio.gather` in Python."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid "\"https://google.com\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid "\"https://httpbin.org/ip\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid "\"https://play.rust-lang.org/\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid "\"BAD_URL\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid "\"{page_sizes_dict:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For multiple futures of disjoint types, you can use `std::future::join!` but "
|
|
"you must know how many futures you will have at compile time. This is currently "
|
|
"in the `futures` crate, soon to be stabilised in `std::future`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The risk of `join` is that one of the futures may never resolve, this would "
|
|
"cause your program to stall."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can also combine `join_all` with `join!` for instance to join all requests "
|
|
"to an http service as well as a database query. Try adding a `tokio::time::"
|
|
"sleep` to the future, using `futures::join!`. This is not a timeout (that "
|
|
"requires `select!`, explained in the next chapter), but demonstrates `join!`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A select operation waits until any of a set of futures is ready, and responds "
|
|
"to that future's result. In JavaScript, this is similar to `Promise.race`. In "
|
|
"Python, it compares to `asyncio.wait(task_set, return_when=asyncio."
|
|
"FIRST_COMPLETED)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similar to a match statement, the body of `select!` has a number of arms, each "
|
|
"of the form `pattern = future => statement`. When a `future` is ready, its "
|
|
"return value is destructured by the `pattern`. The `statement` is then run with "
|
|
"the resulting variables. The `statement` result becomes the result of the "
|
|
"`select!` macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid "\"got: {msg}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid "\"timeout\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to send greeting\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid "\"Listener failed\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `listener` async block here is a common form: wait for some async event, or "
|
|
"for a timeout. Change the `sleep` to sleep longer to see it fail. Why does the "
|
|
"`send` also fail in this situation?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`select!` is also often used in a loop in \"actor\" architectures, where a task "
|
|
"reacts to events in a loop. That has some pitfalls, which will be discussed in "
|
|
"the next segment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Async / await provides convenient and efficient abstraction for concurrent "
|
|
"asynchronous programming. However, the async/await model in Rust also comes "
|
|
"with its share of pitfalls and footguns. We illustrate some of them in this "
|
|
"chapter."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls.md
|
|
msgid "Pin"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
msgid "Blocking the executor"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most async runtimes only allow IO tasks to run concurrently. This means that "
|
|
"CPU blocking tasks will block the executor and prevent other tasks from being "
|
|
"executed. An easy workaround is to use async equivalent methods where possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
msgid "\"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
msgid "\"current_thread\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the code and see that the sleeps happen consecutively rather than "
|
|
"concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `\"current_thread\"` flavor puts all tasks on a single thread. This makes "
|
|
"the effect more obvious, but the bug is still present in the multi-threaded "
|
|
"flavor."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Switch the `std::thread::sleep` to `tokio::time::sleep` and await its result."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Another fix would be to `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` which spawns an actual "
|
|
"thread and transforms its handle into a future without blocking the executor."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should not think of tasks as OS threads. They do not map 1 to 1 and most "
|
|
"executors will allow many tasks to run on a single OS thread. This is "
|
|
"particularly problematic when interacting with other libraries via FFI, where "
|
|
"that library might depend on thread-local storage or map to specific OS threads "
|
|
"(e.g., CUDA). Prefer `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` in such situations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use sync mutexes with care. Holding a mutex over an `.await` may cause another "
|
|
"task to block, and that task may be running on the same thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Async blocks and functions return types implementing the `Future` trait. The "
|
|
"type returned is the result of a compiler transformation which turns local "
|
|
"variables into data stored inside the future."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some of those variables can hold pointers to other local variables. Because of "
|
|
"that, the future should never be moved to a different memory location, as it "
|
|
"would invalidate those pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To prevent moving the future type in memory, it can only be polled through a "
|
|
"pinned pointer. `Pin` is a wrapper around a reference that disallows all "
|
|
"operations that would move the instance it points to into a different memory "
|
|
"location."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond\n"
|
|
"// with a message on the `respond_on` channel.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "// Pretend to work.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "\"failed to send response\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "\"failed to send on work queue\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "\"failed waiting for response\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You may recognize this as an example of the actor pattern. Actors typically "
|
|
"call `select!` in a loop."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This serves as a summation of a few of the previous lessons, so take your time "
|
|
"with it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Naively add a `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }` to "
|
|
"the `select!`. This will never execute. Why?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "Instead, add a `timeout_fut` containing that future outside of the `loop`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This still doesn't work. Follow the compiler errors, adding `&mut` to the "
|
|
"`timeout_fut` in the `select!` to work around the move, then using `Box::pin`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This compiles, but once the timeout expires it is `Poll::Ready` on every "
|
|
"iteration (a fused future would help with this). Update to reset `timeout_fut` "
|
|
"every time it expires:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Box allocates on the heap. In some cases, `std::pin::pin!` (only recently "
|
|
"stabilized, with older code often using `tokio::pin!`) is also an option, but "
|
|
"that is difficult to use for a future that is reassigned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Another alternative is to not use `pin` at all but spawn another task that will "
|
|
"send to a `oneshot` channel every 100ms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Data that contains pointers to itself is called self-referential. Normally, the "
|
|
"Rust borrow checker would prevent self-referential data from being moved, as "
|
|
"the references cannot outlive the data they point to. However, the code "
|
|
"transformation for async blocks and functions is not verified by the borrow "
|
|
"checker."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Pin` is a wrapper around a reference. An object cannot be moved from its place "
|
|
"using a pinned pointer. However, it can still be moved through an unpinned "
|
|
"pointer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `poll` method of the `Future` trait uses `Pin<&mut Self>` instead of `&mut "
|
|
"Self` to refer to the instance. That's why it can only be called on a pinned "
|
|
"pointer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Async methods in traits are were stabilized in the 1.75 release. This required "
|
|
"support for using return-position `impl Trait` in traits, as the desugaring for "
|
|
"`async fn` includes `-> impl Future<Output = ...>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, even with the native support, there are some pitfalls around `async "
|
|
"fn`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Return-position `impl Trait` captures all in-scope lifetimes (so some patterns "
|
|
"of borrowing cannot be expressed)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Async traits cannot be used with [trait objects](../../smart-pointers/trait-"
|
|
"objects.md) (`dyn Trait` support)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/) crate provides a workaround for "
|
|
"`dyn` support through a macro, with some caveats:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid "\"Running all sleepers...\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid "\"Slept for {} ms\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`async_trait` is easy to use, but note that it's using heap allocations to "
|
|
"achieve this. This heap allocation has performance overhead."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The challenges in language support for `async trait` are too deep to describe "
|
|
"in-depth in this class. See [this blog post](https://smallcultfollowing.com/"
|
|
"babysteps/blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-hard/) by Niko Matsakis if you "
|
|
"are interested in digging deeper. See also these keywords:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[RPIT](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/types/impl-trait.html#abstract-"
|
|
"return-types): short for [return-position `impl Trait`](../../generics/impl-"
|
|
"trait.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[RPITIT](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2023/12/21/async-fn-rpit-in-traits.html): "
|
|
"short for return-position `impl Trait` in trait (RPIT in trait)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try creating a new sleeper struct that will sleep for a random amount of time "
|
|
"and adding it to the `Vec`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Dropping a future implies it can never be polled again. This is called "
|
|
"_cancellation_ and it can occur at any `await` point. Care is needed to ensure "
|
|
"the system works correctly even when futures are cancelled. For example, it "
|
|
"shouldn't deadlock or lose data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "\"not UTF-8\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "\"hi\\nthere\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "\"tick!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The compiler doesn't help with cancellation-safety. You need to read API "
|
|
"documentation and consider what state your `async fn` holds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike `panic` and `?`, cancellation is part of normal control flow (vs error-"
|
|
"handling)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "The example loses parts of the string."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Whenever the `tick()` branch finishes first, `next()` and its `buf` are dropped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`LinesReader` can be made cancellation-safe by making `buf` part of the struct:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "// prefix buf and bytes with self.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Interval::tick`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/time/struct.Interval."
|
|
"html#method.tick) is cancellation-safe because it keeps track of whether a tick "
|
|
"has been 'delivered'."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`AsyncReadExt::read`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait.AsyncReadExt."
|
|
"html#method.read) is cancellation-safe because it either returns or doesn't "
|
|
"read data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`AsyncBufReadExt::read_line`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
|
|
"AsyncBufReadExt.html#method.read_line) is similar to the example and _isn't_ "
|
|
"cancellation-safe. See its documentation for details and alternatives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Dining Philosophers --- Async"
|
|
msgstr "Speisende Philosophen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [dining philosophers](../sync-exercises/dining-philosophers.md) for a "
|
|
"description of the problem."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As before, you will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-"
|
|
"locally.md) for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main."
|
|
"rs`, fill out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dazu benötigen Sie eine lokale [Cargo-Installation](../../cargo/running-locally."
|
|
"md). diese Übung. Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code in die Datei `src/main.rs`, "
|
|
"füllen Sie die Lücken aus, und teste, dass `cargo run` keinen Deadlock "
|
|
"verursacht:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
msgid "// Keep trying until we have both forks\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "// Make them think and eat\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Since this time you are using Async Rust, you'll need a `tokio` dependency. You "
|
|
"can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"dining-philosophers-async-dine\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"tokio = { version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", "
|
|
"\"rt-multi-thread\"] }\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Also note that this time you have to use the `Mutex` and the `mpsc` module from "
|
|
"the `tokio` crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
msgid "Can you make your implementation single-threaded?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, we want to use our new knowledge to implement a broadcast "
|
|
"chat application. We have a chat server that the clients connect to and publish "
|
|
"their messages. The client reads user messages from the standard input, and "
|
|
"sends them to the server. The chat server broadcasts each message that it "
|
|
"receives to all the clients."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this, we use [a broadcast channel](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/"
|
|
"broadcast/fn.channel.html) on the server, and [`tokio_websockets`](https://docs."
|
|
"rs/tokio-websockets/) for the communication between the client and the server."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid "Create a new Cargo project and add the following dependencies:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid "_Cargo.toml_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"chat-async\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"futures-util = { version = \"0.3.31\", features = [\"sink\"] }\n"
|
|
"http = \"1.2.0\"\n"
|
|
"tokio = { version = \"1.42.0\", features = [\"full\"] }\n"
|
|
"tokio-websockets = { version = \"0.10.1\", features = [\"client\", "
|
|
"\"fastrand\", \"server\", \"sha1_smol\"] }\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid "The required APIs"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You are going to need the following functions from `tokio` and "
|
|
"[`tokio_websockets`](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/). Spend a few minutes to "
|
|
"familiarize yourself with the API."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[StreamExt::next()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/stream/"
|
|
"trait.StreamExt.html#method.next) implemented by `WebSocketStream`: for "
|
|
"asynchronously reading messages from a Websocket Stream."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[SinkExt::send()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/sink/trait."
|
|
"SinkExt.html#method.send) implemented by `WebSocketStream`: for asynchronously "
|
|
"sending messages on a Websocket Stream."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Lines::next_line()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/struct.Lines."
|
|
"html#method.next_line): for asynchronously reading user messages from the "
|
|
"standard input."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Sender::subscribe()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/broadcast/struct."
|
|
"Sender.html#method.subscribe): for subscribing to a broadcast channel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Two binaries"
|
|
msgstr "Rust-Binärdateien"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Normally in a Cargo project, you can have only one binary, and one `src/main."
|
|
"rs` file. In this project, we need two binaries. One for the client, and one "
|
|
"for the server. You could potentially make them two separate Cargo projects, "
|
|
"but we are going to put them in a single Cargo project with two binaries. For "
|
|
"this to work, the client and the server code should go under `src/bin` (see the "
|
|
"[documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/cargo-targets."
|
|
"html#binaries))."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the following server and client code into `src/bin/server.rs` and `src/bin/"
|
|
"client.rs`, respectively. Your task is to complete these files as described "
|
|
"below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_src/bin/server.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"127.0.0.1:2000\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"listening on port 2000\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"New connection from {addr:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "// Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_src/bin/client.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Running the binaries"
|
|
msgstr "Ablauf des Kurses"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid "Run the server with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid "and the client with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid "Implement the `handle_connection` function in `src/bin/server.rs`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Hint: Use `tokio::select!` for concurrently performing two tasks in a "
|
|
"continuous loop. One task receives messages from the client and broadcasts "
|
|
"them. The other sends messages received by the server to the client."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid "Complete the main function in `src/bin/client.rs`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Hint: As before, use `tokio::select!` in a continuous loop for concurrently "
|
|
"performing two tasks: (1) reading user messages from standard input and sending "
|
|
"them to the server, and (2) receiving messages from the server, and displaying "
|
|
"them for the user."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Optional: Once you are done, change the code to broadcast messages to all "
|
|
"clients, but the sender of the message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Keep trying until we have both forks\n"
|
|
" // Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "// The locks are dropped here\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "// tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Here is a thought: {thought}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) receiving\n"
|
|
" // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n"
|
|
" // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"From client {addr:?} {text:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "// Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/async-exercises/solutions.md
|
|
msgid "\"From server: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and that "
|
|
"it was useful."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_Vielen Dank, dass Sie Comprehensive Rust 🦀 genommen haben!_ Wir hoffen, dass "
|
|
"es Ihnen gefallen hat und dass es war nützlich."
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not perfect, "
|
|
"so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, please get in "
|
|
"[contact with us on GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
|
|
"discussions). We would love to hear from you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es hat uns viel Spaß gemacht, den Kurs zusammenzustellen. Der Kurs ist nicht "
|
|
"perfekt, Wenn Sie also Fehler entdeckt haben oder Verbesserungsvorschläge "
|
|
"haben, melden Sie sich bitte [Kontakt mit uns auf GitHub](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Wir würden lieben von dir zu hören."
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Thank you for reading the speaker notes! We hope they have been useful. If you "
|
|
"find pages without notes, please send us a PR and link it to [issue #1083]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/1083). We are also very "
|
|
"grateful for fixes and improvements to the existing notes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The following is a glossary which aims to give a short definition of many Rust "
|
|
"terms. For translations, this also serves to connect the term back to the "
|
|
"English original."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#. Please add the English term in italic after your translated term. Also, please keep the hard line breaks to ensure a nice formatting.
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"allocate: \n"
|
|
"Dynamic memory allocation on [the heap](memory-management/review.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"argument: \n"
|
|
"Information that is passed into a function or method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"associated type: \n"
|
|
"A type associated with a specific trait. Useful for defining the relationship "
|
|
"between types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Bare-metal Rust: \n"
|
|
"Low-level Rust development, often deployed to a system without an operating "
|
|
"system. See [Bare-metal Rust](bare-metal.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"block: \n"
|
|
"See [Blocks](control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md) and _scope_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"borrow: \n"
|
|
"See [Borrowing](borrowing/shared.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"borrow checker: \n"
|
|
"The part of the Rust compiler which checks that all borrows are valid."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"brace: \n"
|
|
"`{` and `}`. Also called _curly brace_, they delimit _blocks_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"build: \n"
|
|
"The process of converting source code into executable code or a usable program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"call: \n"
|
|
"To invoke or execute a function or method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"channel: \n"
|
|
"Used to safely pass messages [between threads](concurrency/channels.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Comprehensive Rust 🦀: \n"
|
|
"The courses here are jointly called Comprehensive Rust 🦀."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"concurrency: \n"
|
|
"The execution of multiple tasks or processes at the same time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Concurrency in Rust: \n"
|
|
"See [Concurrency in Rust](concurrency/welcome.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"constant: \n"
|
|
"A value that does not change during the execution of a program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"control flow: \n"
|
|
"The order in which the individual statements or instructions are executed in a "
|
|
"program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"crash: \n"
|
|
"An unexpected and unhandled failure or termination of a program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"enumeration: \n"
|
|
"A data type that holds one of several named constants, possibly with an "
|
|
"associated tuple or struct."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"error: \n"
|
|
"An unexpected condition or result that deviates from the expected behavior."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"error handling: \n"
|
|
"The process of managing and responding to errors that occur during program "
|
|
"execution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"exercise: \n"
|
|
"A task or problem designed to practice and test programming skills."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"function: \n"
|
|
"A reusable block of code that performs a specific task."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"garbage collector: \n"
|
|
"A mechanism that automatically frees up memory occupied by objects that are no "
|
|
"longer in use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"generics: \n"
|
|
"A feature that allows writing code with placeholders for types, enabling code "
|
|
"reuse with different data types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"immutable: \n"
|
|
"Unable to be changed after creation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"integration test: \n"
|
|
"A type of test that verifies the interactions between different parts or "
|
|
"components of a system."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"keyword: \n"
|
|
"A reserved word in a programming language that has a specific meaning and "
|
|
"cannot be used as an identifier."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"library: \n"
|
|
"A collection of precompiled routines or code that can be used by programs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"macro: \n"
|
|
"Rust macros can be recognized by a `!` in the name. Macros are used when normal "
|
|
"functions are not enough. A typical example is `format!`, which takes a "
|
|
"variable number of arguments, which isn't supported by Rust functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`main` function: \n"
|
|
"Rust programs start executing with the `main` function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"match: \n"
|
|
"A control flow construct in Rust that allows for pattern matching on the value "
|
|
"of an expression."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"memory leak: \n"
|
|
"A situation where a program fails to release memory that is no longer needed, "
|
|
"leading to a gradual increase in memory usage."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"method: \n"
|
|
"A function associated with an object or a type in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"module: \n"
|
|
"A namespace that contains definitions, such as functions, types, or traits, to "
|
|
"organize code in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"move: \n"
|
|
"The transfer of ownership of a value from one variable to another in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"mutable: \n"
|
|
"A property in Rust that allows variables to be modified after they have been "
|
|
"declared."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"ownership: \n"
|
|
"The concept in Rust that defines which part of the code is responsible for "
|
|
"managing the memory associated with a value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"panic: \n"
|
|
"An unrecoverable error condition in Rust that results in the termination of the "
|
|
"program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"parameter: \n"
|
|
"A value that is passed into a function or method when it is called."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"pattern: \n"
|
|
"A combination of values, literals, or structures that can be matched against an "
|
|
"expression in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"payload: \n"
|
|
"The data or information carried by a message, event, or data structure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"program: \n"
|
|
"A set of instructions that a computer can execute to perform a specific task or "
|
|
"solve a particular problem."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"programming language: \n"
|
|
"A formal system used to communicate instructions to a computer, such as Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"receiver: \n"
|
|
"The first parameter in a Rust method that represents the instance on which the "
|
|
"method is called."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"reference counting: \n"
|
|
"A memory management technique in which the number of references to an object is "
|
|
"tracked, and the object is deallocated when the count reaches zero."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"return: \n"
|
|
"A keyword in Rust used to indicate the value to be returned from a function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust: \n"
|
|
"A systems programming language that focuses on safety, performance, and "
|
|
"concurrency."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust Fundamentals: \n"
|
|
"Days 1 to 4 of this course."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust in Android: \n"
|
|
"See [Rust in Android](android.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust in Chromium: \n"
|
|
"See [Rust in Chromium](chromium.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"safe: \n"
|
|
"Refers to code that adheres to Rust's ownership and borrowing rules, preventing "
|
|
"memory-related errors."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"scope: \n"
|
|
"The region of a program where a variable is valid and can be used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"standard library: \n"
|
|
"A collection of modules providing essential functionality in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"static: \n"
|
|
"A keyword in Rust used to define static variables or items with a `'static` "
|
|
"lifetime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"string: \n"
|
|
"A data type storing textual data. See [Strings](references/strings.html) for "
|
|
"more."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"struct: \n"
|
|
"A composite data type in Rust that groups together variables of different types "
|
|
"under a single name."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"test: \n"
|
|
"A Rust module containing functions that test the correctness of other functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"thread: \n"
|
|
"A separate sequence of execution in a program, allowing concurrent execution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"thread safety: \n"
|
|
"The property of a program that ensures correct behavior in a multithreaded "
|
|
"environment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"trait: \n"
|
|
"A collection of methods defined for an unknown type, providing a way to achieve "
|
|
"polymorphism in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"trait bound: \n"
|
|
"An abstraction where you can require types to implement some traits of your "
|
|
"interest."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"tuple: \n"
|
|
"A composite data type that contains variables of different types. Tuple fields "
|
|
"have no names, and are accessed by their ordinal numbers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"type: \n"
|
|
"A classification that specifies which operations can be performed on values of "
|
|
"a particular kind in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"type inference: \n"
|
|
"The ability of the Rust compiler to deduce the type of a variable or expression."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"undefined behavior: \n"
|
|
"Actions or conditions in Rust that have no specified result, often leading to "
|
|
"unpredictable program behavior."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"union: \n"
|
|
"A data type that can hold values of different types but only one at a time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"unit test: \n"
|
|
"Rust comes with built-in support for running small unit tests and larger "
|
|
"integration tests. See [Unit Tests](testing/unit-tests.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"unit type: \n"
|
|
"Type that holds no data, written as a tuple with no members."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"unsafe: \n"
|
|
"The subset of Rust which allows you to trigger _undefined behavior_. See "
|
|
"[Unsafe Rust](unsafe-rust/unsafe.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"variable: \n"
|
|
"A memory location storing data. Variables are valid in a _scope_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Other Rust Resources"
|
|
msgstr "Andere Rostressourcen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources "
|
|
"online."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Die Rust-Community hat eine Fülle hochwertiger und kostenloser Ressourcen "
|
|
"geschaffen online."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Official Documentation"
|
|
msgstr "Offizielle Dokumentation"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Rust-Projekt beherbergt viele Ressourcen. Diese decken Rust im Allgemeinen "
|
|
"ab:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the canonical "
|
|
"free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes a few projects "
|
|
"for people to build."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Die Programmiersprache Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): die Kanonisches "
|
|
"kostenloses Buch über Rust. Deckt die Sprache im Detail ab und enthält a wenige "
|
|
"Projekte für Menschen zu bauen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the Rust "
|
|
"syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. Sometimes "
|
|
"includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code in the "
|
|
"examples."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): deckt den Rust "
|
|
"ab Syntax über eine Reihe von Beispielen, die verschiedene Konstrukte "
|
|
"demonstrieren. Manchmal enthält kleine Übungen, in denen Sie aufgefordert "
|
|
"werden, den Code in der zu erweitern Beispiele."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full documentation of "
|
|
"the standard library for Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): vollständige "
|
|
"Dokumentation von die Standardbibliothek für Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete book "
|
|
"which describes the Rust grammar and memory model."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): ein unvollständiges "
|
|
"Buch das die Rust-Grammatik und das Speichermodell beschreibt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Weitere spezialisierte Guides, die auf der offiziellen Rust-Website gehostet "
|
|
"werden:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe Rust, "
|
|
"including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages (FFI)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): deckt unsicheres Rust "
|
|
"ab, einschließlich der Arbeit mit rohen Zeigern und der Anbindung an andere "
|
|
"Sprachen (FFI)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): "
|
|
"covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after the "
|
|
"Rust Book was written."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Asynchrone Programmierung in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): "
|
|
"deckt das neue asynchrone Programmiermodell ab, das nach dem eingeführt wurde "
|
|
"Rust Book wurde geschrieben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): an "
|
|
"introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating system."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"\\[Das eingebettete Rust-Buch\\] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-"
|
|
"book/): an Einführung in die Verwendung von Rust auf eingebetteten Geräten ohne "
|
|
"Betriebssystem."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unofficial Learning Material"
|
|
msgstr "Inoffizielles Lernmaterial"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Eine kleine Auswahl an weiteren Guides und Tutorials für Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust "
|
|
"from the perspective of low-level C programmers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): deckt Rust ab "
|
|
"aus der Perspektive von Low-Level-C-Programmierern."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust for Embedded C Programmers](https://opentitan.org/book/doc/"
|
|
"rust_for_c_devs.html): covers Rust from the perspective of developers who write "
|
|
"firmware in C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"\\[Rost für eingebettetes C Programmierer\\] (https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/"
|
|
"rust_for_c/): deckt Rust ab die Perspektive von Entwicklern, die Firmware in C "
|
|
"schreiben."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): covers "
|
|
"the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other languages such as "
|
|
"C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rost für Profis](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): deckt die "
|
|
"Syntax von Rust durch Side-by-Side-Vergleiche mit anderen Sprachen ab wie C, C+"
|
|
"+, Java, JavaScript und Python."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to help "
|
|
"you learn Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): Über 100 hilfreiche "
|
|
"Übungen Sie lernen Rost."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Ferrous Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-material/"
|
|
"index.html): a series of small presentations covering both basic and advanced "
|
|
"part of the Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, and async/await "
|
|
"are also covered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Eisenlehre Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-material/index."
|
|
"html): a Reihe von kleinen Präsentationen, die sowohl den grundlegenden als "
|
|
"auch den fortgeschrittenen Teil des Rostige Sprache. Andere Themen wie "
|
|
"WebAssembly und async/await sind ebenfalls enthalten bedeckt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Advanced testing for Rust applications](https://rust-exercises.com/advanced-"
|
|
"testing/): a self-paced workshop that goes beyond Rust's built-in testing "
|
|
"framework. It covers `googletest`, snapshot testing, mocking as well as how to "
|
|
"write your own custom test harness."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Beginner's Series to Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-"
|
|
"series-to-rust/) and [Take your first steps with Rust](https://docs.microsoft."
|
|
"com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): two Rust guides aimed at new "
|
|
"developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and the second is a set of 11 "
|
|
"modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Anfängerserie bis Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-"
|
|
"series-to-rust/) und [Machen Sie Ihre ersten Schritte mit Rust](https://docs."
|
|
"microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): zwei Rust-Leitfäden für "
|
|
"neue Entwickler. Die erste ist eine Reihe von 35 Videos und die Das zweite ist "
|
|
"ein Satz von 11 Modulen, der die Rust-Syntax und grundlegende Konstrukte "
|
|
"abdeckt."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial.github."
|
|
"io/too-many-lists/): in-depth exploration of Rust's memory management rules, "
|
|
"through implementing a few different types of list structures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) for "
|
|
"even more Rust books."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Weitere Informationen finden Sie im \\[Little Book of Rust Books\\] (https://"
|
|
"lborb.github.io/book/). noch mehr Rust-Bücher."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust "
|
|
"documentation. See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a full "
|
|
"list of useful resources."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Material hier baut auf den vielen großartigen Quellen der Rust-"
|
|
"Dokumentation auf. Auf der Seite \\[andere Ressourcen\\] (other-resources.md) "
|
|
"finden Sie eine vollständige Liste nützlicher Ressourcen Ressourcen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache "
|
|
"2.0 license, please see [`LICENSE`](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust/blob/main/LICENSE) for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Das Material von Comprehensive Rust ist unter den Bedingungen von Apache 2.0 "
|
|
"lizenziert Lizenz finden Sie unter [`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) für Einzelheiten."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust by Example"
|
|
msgstr "Rost zum Beispiel"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by Example]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the `third_party/rust-"
|
|
"by-example/` directory for details, including the license terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Einige Beispiele und Übungen wurden aus [Rust by Beispiel](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/rust-by-example/). Bitte sehen Sie sich ... an `third_party/rust-by-"
|
|
"example/`\\-Verzeichnis für Details, einschließlich der Lizenz Bedingungen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust on Exercism"
|
|
msgstr "Rost auf Übung"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on Exercism](https://"
|
|
"exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the `third_party/rust-on-exercism/` "
|
|
"directory for details, including the license terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Einige Übungen wurden von \\[Rust on Übung\\] (https://exercism.org/tracks/"
|
|
"rust). Bitte sehen Sie sich ... an `third_party/rust-on-exercism/`\\-"
|
|
"Verzeichnis für Details, einschließlich der Lizenz Bedingungen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "CXX"
|
|
msgstr "\\##CXX"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section uses "
|
|
"an image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` "
|
|
"directory for details, including the license terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Der Abschnitt [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) "
|
|
"verwendet eine Bild von [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Bitte sehen Sie sich das "
|
|
"Verzeichnis `third_party/cxx/` an für Details, einschließlich der "
|
|
"Lizenzbedingungen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Static and Const"
|
|
#~ msgstr "static & const"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Slices and Lifetimes"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Lebensdauern"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "String References"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Hängende Referenzen"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`FromIterator`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "FromIterator"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Test Modules"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Testmodule"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`thiserror` and `anyhow`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Von` und `Nach`"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Control Flow"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Kontrollfluss"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[Pattern Matching](../pattern-matching.md) (50 minutes)"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Siehe [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) für weitere Details zu "
|
|
#~ "Mustern in Rost."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Arrow-Left"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Pfeil-links"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Arrow-Right"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Pfeil-rechts"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Ctrl + Enter"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Strg + Eingabe"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "s"
|
|
#~ msgstr "s"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You can use "
|
|
#~ msgstr "Du kannst "
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`String` - a modifiable, owned string."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`String` ein veränderlicher String-Puffer (mutable string buffer)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ein Großteil der Rust-Syntax wird Ihnen aus C oder C++ bekannt sein:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Blöcke und Bereiche (scopes) werden durch geschweifte Klammern getrennt."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/* ... "
|
|
#~ "*/`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Zeilenkommentare beginnen mit `//`, Blockkommentare werden mit `/* ... */` "
|
|
#~ "begrenzt"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Schlüsselwörter (keywords) wie `if` und `while` funktionieren gleich."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Variablenzuweisung erfolgt mit `=`, Vergleich erfolgt mit `==`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "In diesem Fall brechen wir die äußere Schleife nach 3 Iterationen der "
|
|
#~ "inneren Schleife."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`[T; N]`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`[T; N]`"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Array assignment and access:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Array-Zuordnung und Zugriff:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Tuple assignment and access:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tupel-Zuweisung und Zugriff:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Arrays:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Arrays:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Tuples:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tupel:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, "
|
|
#~ "and the only valid value of that type --- that is to say both the type and "
|
|
#~ "its value are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a "
|
|
#~ "function or expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Das leere Tupel „()“ wird auch als „Einheitstyp“ (unit type) bezeichnet. Es "
|
|
#~ "ist sowohl ein Typ als auch der einzige gültige Wert dieses Typs – das "
|
|
#~ "heißt, sowohl der Typ als auch sein Wert werden als `()` ausgedrückt. Es "
|
|
#~ "wird beispielsweise verwendet, um anzuzeigen, dass eine Funktion oder ein "
|
|
#~ "Ausdruck keinen Rückgabewert hat, wie wir auf einer zukünftigen Folie sehen "
|
|
#~ "werden."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Die Muster können einfache Werte sein, ähnlich wie `switch` in C und C++:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Match can be used as an expression. Just like `if`, each match arm must have "
|
|
#~ "the same type. The type is the last expression of the block, if any. In the "
|
|
#~ "example above, the type is `()`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wie bei „if let“ muss jeder Match-Arm denselben Typ haben. Der Typ ist der "
|
|
#~ "letzte Ausdruck des Blocks, falls vorhanden. Im obigen Beispiel ist der Typ "
|
|
#~ "`()`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You can destructure tuples and arrays by matching on their elements:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Sie können Arrays, Tupel und Slices destrukturieren, indem Sie ihre Elemente "
|
|
#~ "abgleichen:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Beide Funktionen müssen dabei nur mit 3 × 3-Matrizen arbeiten."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the "
|
|
#~ "functions:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Kopiere den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und "
|
|
#~ "implementiere die Funktionen:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rust verbietet hängende Referenzen statisch:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Lives for the entire duration of the program"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Die `main`\\-Funktion ist der Einstiegspunkt des Programms."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Evaluated at compile time"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Werte haben feste Größen, die zur Kompilierzeit bekannt sind."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[Pattern Matching](./pattern-matching.md) (50 minutes)"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Siehe [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) für weitere Details zu "
|
|
#~ "Mustern in Rost."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Niche Optimization"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Nischenoptimierung"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This "
|
|
#~ "allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Eine „Box“ kann nicht leer sein, daher ist der Zeiger immer gültig und nicht "
|
|
#~ "„null“. Das ermöglicht dem Compiler, das Speicherlayout zu optimieren:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]` right before printing `s`?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Frage: Was passiert, wenn Du `a[3]` änderst?"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but "
|
|
#~ "the answer is that for memory safety reasons you cannot do it through `a` at "
|
|
#~ "this point in the execution, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` "
|
|
#~ "safely. It works before you created the slice, and again after the "
|
|
#~ "`println`, when the slice is no longer used."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Die Frage nach einer Werteänderung durch `a[3]` kann eine interessante "
|
|
#~ "Diskussion auslösen, aber die Antwort lautet: aus Gründen der "
|
|
#~ "Speichersicherheit kannst Du dies nicht über `a` tun, nachdem Du ein Slice "
|
|
#~ "erstellt hast. Allerdings kannst Du die Werte sowohl von `a` als auch von "
|
|
#~ "`s` sicher lesen. Weitere Einzelheiten werden im Abschnitt „Ausleihenprüfer“ "
|
|
#~ "(borrow checker) erläutert."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Rust terminology:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rust-Terminologie:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`&str` an immutable reference to a string slice."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`&str` eine unveränderliche (immutable) Referenz auf einen String-Slice."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`String` a mutable string buffer."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`String` ein veränderlicher String-Puffer (mutable string buffer)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "FromIterator"
|
|
#~ msgstr "FromIterator"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rust und Cargo verfügen über ein einfaches Unit-Test-Framework:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Unit tests are supported throughout your code."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Integrationstests werden über das Verzeichnis „tests/“ unterstützt."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rust hat eine eingebaute Unterstützung für Dokumentationstests:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Luhn Algorithm"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Luhn-Algorithmus"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The [`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) and [`anyhow`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
#~ "anyhow/) crates are widely used to simplify error handling."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Die Kiste [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) ist eine beliebte Methode "
|
|
#~ "zum Erstellen einer error enum wie auf der vorherigen Seite:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if necessary."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Der darin enthaltene tatsächliche Fehlertyp kann bei Bedarf zur Untersuchung "
|
|
#~ "extrahiert werden."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "// Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Kein undefiniertes Verhalten (undefined behavior) zur Laufzeit:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to "
|
|
#~ "find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code "
|
|
#~ "to Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something "
|
|
#~ "that parses some raw bytes would be ideal."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wir werden heute versuchen, Rust aus einem Ihrer eigenen Projekte anzurufen. "
|
|
#~ "Versuchen Sie es also Finden Sie eine kleine Ecke Ihrer Codebasis, in die "
|
|
#~ "wir einige Codezeilen verschieben können Rost. Je weniger Abhängigkeiten und "
|
|
#~ "\"exotische\" Typen, desto besser. Etwas das parst einige rohe Bytes wäre "
|
|
#~ "ideal."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the "
|
|
#~ "vendor partition."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Fügen Sie „vendor_available: true“ hinzu, wenn Ihre AIDL-Datei von einer "
|
|
#~ "Binärdatei des Anbieters verwendet wird Partition."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This is a group exercise: We will look at one of the projects you work with "
|
|
#~ "and try to integrate some Rust into it. Some suggestions:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Für die letzte Übung schauen wir uns eines der Projekte an, mit denen Sie "
|
|
#~ "arbeiten. Lassen Sie uns gruppiert euch und macht das gemeinsam. Einige "
|
|
#~ "Vorschläge:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Verschieben Sie eine Funktion aus Ihrem Projekt nach Rust und rufen Sie sie "
|
|
#~ "auf."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone "
|
|
#~ "in the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Hier wird keine Lösung bereitgestellt, da dies offen ist: Es hängt von "
|
|
#~ "jemandem ab Die Klasse hat einen Code, den Sie spontan an Rust übergeben "
|
|
#~ "können."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "\"exceptions.S\""
|
|
#~ msgstr "Funktionen"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Threads sind alle Daemon-Threads, der Haupt-Thread wartet nicht auf sie."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is "
|
|
#~ "primarily done via two types:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust verwendet das Typsystem, um die Synchronisierung gemeinsam genutzter "
|
|
#~ "Daten zu erzwingen. Das ist hauptsächlich über zwei Arten:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), atomic "
|
|
#~ "reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and takes care to "
|
|
#~ "deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped,"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), Atomic "
|
|
#~ "Reference Counted `T`: handhabt die gemeinsame Nutzung zwischen Threads und "
|
|
#~ "sorgt dafür, dass `T` freigegeben wird, wenn die letzte Referenz gelöscht "
|
|
#~ "wird,"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): ensures "
|
|
#~ "mutually exclusive access to the `T` value."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): sorgt "
|
|
#~ "für den sich gegenseitig ausschließenden Zugriff auf den `T`\\-Wert."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Lassen Sie uns unsere neuen Nebenläufigkeitsfähigkeiten mit üben"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Multithreaded Link Checker: ein größeres Projekt, für das Sie Cargo "
|
|
#~ "verwenden werden Abhängigkeiten herunterladen und dann parallel Links prüfen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`](https://docs."
|
|
#~ "rs/scraper/) for that:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Sie benötigen auch eine Möglichkeit, Links zu finden. Dafür können wir "
|
|
#~ "[`scraper`](https://docs.rs/scraper/) verwenden:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`]"
|
|
#~ "(https://docs.rs/thiserror/) for that:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Schließlich brauchen wir eine Möglichkeit, mit Fehlern umzugehen. Wir "
|
|
#~ "verwenden [`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) für Das:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Concurrency Morning Exercise"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 3 Morgengymnastik"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](dining-philosophers.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](link-checker.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](luhn.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Async Rust"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Warum Rost?"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Futures Control Flow"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Kontrollfluss"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Concurrency Afternoon Exercise"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 1 Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](dining-philosophers.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](luhn.md))"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Small Example"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ein kleines Beispiel"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Why Rust?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Warum Rust?"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Compile Time Guarantees"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Kompilierzeitgarantien"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Runtime Guarantees"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Laufzeitgarantien"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Modern Features"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Moderne Merkmale"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Basic Syntax"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Grundlegende Syntax"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "String vs str"
|
|
#~ msgstr "String vs. str"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Overloading"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Überladen"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Arrays and for Loops"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Arrays und for-Schleifen"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "for expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "for-Ausdrücke"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "while expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "while-Ausdrücke"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "break & continue"
|
|
#~ msgstr "break & continue"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "loop expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "loop-Ausdrücke"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Variant Payloads"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Varianteninhalte"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Enum Sizes"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Größen von Aufzählungstypen"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "if let expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "if let-Ausdrücke"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "while let expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "while let-Ausdrücke"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Destructuring Arrays"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Arrays destrukturieren"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Match Guards"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Abgleichsbedingungen"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Pattern Matching (TBD)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Musterabgleich"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Stack vs Heap"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Stapelspeicher vs. Haldenspeicher"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Stack Memory"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Stapelspeicher"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Manual Memory Management"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Manuelle Speicherverwaltung"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Gültigkeitsbereichbasierte Speicherverwaltung"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Garbage Collection"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Automatische Speicherbereinigung"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Rust Memory Management"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rust Speicherverwaltung"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Moved Strings in Rust"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Verschieben von String in Rust"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Doppel-Freigabe-Fehler in modernem C++"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Moves in Function Calls"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Verschieben in Funktionsaufrufen"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Copying and Cloning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Kopieren und Klonen"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Geteiltes und einmaliges Ausleihen"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Feld Abkürzungs Syntax"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Storing Books"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`&str`"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Option and Result"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Option und Result"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Box"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Box"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Recursive Data Types"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rekursive Datentypen"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Iterators and Ownership"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Iteratoren und Eigentümerschaft"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Generic Methods"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Generische Methoden"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Default Methods"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Standardmethoden"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Important Traits"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Wichtige Merkmale"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Default"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Default Merkmal"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Operatoren: Add, Mul, ..."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "A Simple GUI Library"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Eine einfache GUI-Bibliothek"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Points and Polygons"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Punkte und Polygone"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Abfangen der Auflösung des Stapelspeichers"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Structured Error Handling"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Strukturierte Fehlerbehandlung"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Propagating Errors with ?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Weitergabe von Fehlern mit ?"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Converting Error Types"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Fehlertypen konvertieren"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Deriving Error Enums"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ableiten von Fehleraufzählungen"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Adding Context to Errors"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Kontext zu Fehlern hinzufügen"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1 Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 1 Morgens"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1 Afternoon"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 1 Nachmittags"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2 Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 2 Morgens"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2 Afternoon"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 2 Nachmittags"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3 Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 3 Morgens"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3 Afternoon"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 3 Nachmittags"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Hardwarenahes Rust: Morgens"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Concurrency Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Nebenläufigkeit Morgens"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Concurrency Afternoon"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Nebenläufigkeit Nachmittags"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Day 2: Memory management, ownership, compound data types, and the standard "
|
|
#~ "library."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Tag 2: Zusammengesetzte Datentypen, Musterabgleich, die Standardbibliothek."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3: Generics, traits, error handling, testing, and unsafe Rust."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Tag 3: Merkmale und Generika, Fehlerbehandlung, Testen, unsicheres Rust."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to "
|
|
#~ "speak about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a "
|
|
#~ "major feature and we should show students this right away."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Die Idee für den ersten Tag ist, Rust _gerade genug_ zu zeigen, um über den "
|
|
#~ "berühmten Ausleihenprüfer (borrow checker) sprechen zu können. Die Art und "
|
|
#~ "Weise, wie Rust mit Speicher umgeht, ist ein wichtiges Merkmal und das "
|
|
#~ "solltest Du den Kursteilnehmern direkt zeigen."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the "
|
|
#~ "schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the slides):"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wenn Du in einem Klassenzimmer unterrichtest, ist dies ein guter Ort, um "
|
|
#~ "über den Zeitplan zu gehen. Wir empfehlen, den Tag in zwei Teile aufzuteilen "
|
|
#~ "(nach den Folien):"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Morning: 9:00 to 12:00,"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Morgens: 9:00 bis 12:00 Uhr,"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Nachmittag: 13:00 bis 16:00 Uhr."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include "
|
|
#~ "breaks, we recommend a break every hour!"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dies kannst Du natürlich bei Bedarf anpassen. Bitte achte darauf, Pausen "
|
|
#~ "einzuplanen. Wir empfehlen jede Stunde eine Pause!"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Hier ein kleines Beispielprogramm in Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop "
|
|
#~ "will always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with "
|
|
#~ "different inputs."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Der Code implementiert die Collatz-Vermutung: Es wird angenommen, dass die "
|
|
#~ "Schleife immer enden wird, allerdings ist das noch nicht bewiesen. Ändere "
|
|
#~ "den Code und spiele mit verschiedenen Eingaben."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to "
|
|
#~ "trigger type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer "
|
|
#~ "overflow."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Erkläre, dass alle Variablen statisch typisiert sind. Versuche, `i32` zu "
|
|
#~ "entfernen um Typinferenz (type inference) auszulösen. Versuche es "
|
|
#~ "stattdessen mit `i8` und löse dadurch einen Ganzzahlüberlauf zur Laufzeit "
|
|
#~ "aus."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ändere `let mut x` in `let x`, und bespreche den Compilerfehler."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match the "
|
|
#~ "format string."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Zeige, wie `print!` einen Kompilierungsfehler ausgibt, wenn die Argumente "
|
|
#~ "nicht mit dem Format-String übereinstimmen."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an "
|
|
#~ "expression which is more complex than just a single variable."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Zeige, wie Du `{}` als Platzhalter verwenden musst, wenn Du einen Ausdruck "
|
|
#~ "(Expression) drucken möchtest, der komplexer als nur eine einzelne Variable "
|
|
#~ "ist."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::"
|
|
#~ "fmt` which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important "
|
|
#~ "that the students become familiar with searching in the standard library."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Zeige den Kursteilnehmern die Standardbibliothek (standard library) und "
|
|
#~ "zeige ihnen, wie sie nach `std::fmt` suchen welches die Regeln der "
|
|
#~ "Formatierungs-Minisprache enthält. Es ist wichtig, dass die Kursteilnehmer "
|
|
#~ "mit der Suche in der Standardbibliothek vertraut gemacht werden."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Compile time memory safety."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Kompilierzeit-Speichersicherheit."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Lack of undefined runtime behavior."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Mangel in undefiniertem Laufzeitverhalten."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Modern language features."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Moderne Sprachfunktionen."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Static memory management at compile time:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Statische Speicherverwaltung zur Kompilierzeit:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes)."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Keine Speicherlecks (_meistens_, siehe Anmerkungen)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples are:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Es ist möglich, Speicherlecks in (sicherem) Rust zu erzeugen. Einige "
|
|
#~ "Beispiele sind:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can use [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box."
|
|
#~ "html#method.leak) to leak a pointer. A use of this could be to get runtime-"
|
|
#~ "initialized and runtime-sized static variables"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Du kannst [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box."
|
|
#~ "html#method.leak) verwenden, um einen Zeiger zu verlieren. Eine Nutzung "
|
|
#~ "dieser könnte sein, um zur Laufzeit initialisierte statische Variablen in "
|
|
#~ "Laufzeitgröße zu erhalten"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can use [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget."
|
|
#~ "html) to make the compiler \"forget\" about a value (meaning the destructor "
|
|
#~ "is never run)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Du kannst [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget."
|
|
#~ "html) verwenden, um den Compiler einen Wert \"vergessen\" zu lassen (was "
|
|
#~ "bedeutet, dass der Destruktor niemals ausgeführt wird)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
#~ "org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) with `Rc` or `Arc`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Du kannst auch versehentlich einen \\[Referenzzyklus\\] mit `Rc` oder `Arc` "
|
|
#~ "erstellen"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory leak "
|
|
#~ "and Rust does not protect from those."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "In der Tat werden einige in Betracht ziehen, eine Sammlung (Collection) "
|
|
#~ "unendlich zu befüllen Rust schützt nicht vor sowelchen Speicherlecks "
|
|
#~ "(memory leaks)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood as "
|
|
#~ "\"Pretty much no _accidental_ memory leaks\"."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "\"Keine Speicherlecks\" sollten somit verstanden werden als \"so gut wie "
|
|
#~ "keine _versehentlichen_ Speicherlecks\"."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Integer overflow is defined via the [`overflow-checks`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-checks) compile-time "
|
|
#~ "flag. If enabled, the program will panic (a controlled crash of the "
|
|
#~ "program), otherwise you get wrap-around semantics. By default, you get "
|
|
#~ "panics in debug mode (`cargo build`) and wrap-around in release mode (`cargo "
|
|
#~ "build --release`)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ganzzahlüberlauf (integer overflow) wird über ein Flag zur Kompilierzeit "
|
|
#~ "definiert. Die Optionen sind entweder ein kontrollierter Abbruch des "
|
|
#~ "Programms (panic) oder eine Wrap-Around Semantik. Standardmäßig erhältst Du "
|
|
#~ "einen Abbruch (panic) im Debug-Modus (`cargo build`) und ein Wrap-Around im "
|
|
#~ "Release-Modus (`cargo build --release`)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also not be "
|
|
#~ "disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However, `unsafe` allows you to "
|
|
#~ "call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked` which does not do bounds "
|
|
#~ "checking."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Die Grenzüberprüfung (bounds checking) kann nicht mit einem Compiler-Flag "
|
|
#~ "deaktiviert werden. Es kann auch nicht direkt mit dem Schlüsselwort „unsafe“ "
|
|
#~ "deaktiviert werden. Jedoch kannst Du Funktionen wie `slice::get_unchecked` "
|
|
#~ "mit `unsafe` aufrufen was keine Grenzenprüfung durchführt."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last decades."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rust wurde mit vielen Erfahrungen aus den letzten 40 Jahren gebaut."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Language Features"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sprachmerkmale"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Tooling"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Werkzeuge (Tools)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to 'pay' "
|
|
#~ "for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example, "
|
|
#~ "writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level "
|
|
#~ "instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Kostenfreie Abstraktionen, ähnlich wie bei C++, bedeuten, dass Du für "
|
|
#~ "Programmierkonstrukte auf höherer Ebene nicht mit Speicher oder CPU "
|
|
#~ "„bezahlen“ musst. Beispielsweise sollte das Schreiben einer Schleife mit "
|
|
#~ "`for` ungefähr zu denselben Low-Level-Anweisungen führen wie die Verwendung "
|
|
#~ "des Konstrukts `.iter().fold()`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', also "
|
|
#~ "known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like "
|
|
#~ "`Option<T>` and `Result<T, E>`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Es kann erwähnenswert sein, dass Rust-Enums „algebraische Datentypen“ sind, "
|
|
#~ "auch bekannt als „Summentypen“, die es dem Typsystem ermöglichen, Dinge wie "
|
|
#~ "`Option<T>` und `Result<T, E>` auszudrücken."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to "
|
|
#~ "ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more "
|
|
#~ "talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with _actionable_ "
|
|
#~ "feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Erinnere die Teilnehmer daran, die Fehler zu lesen – viele Entwickler haben "
|
|
#~ "sich daran gewöhnt, lange Compiler-Ausgaben zu ignorieren. Der Rust-Compiler "
|
|
#~ "ist deutlich gesprächiger als andere Compiler. Es liefert Ihnen oft "
|
|
#~ "_umsetzbares_ Feedback, das Sie in Ihren Code einfach übernehmen können."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, Python, "
|
|
#~ "and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard "
|
|
#~ "and essential:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Die Rust-Standardbibliothek ist im Vergleich zu Sprachen wie Java, Python "
|
|
#~ "und Go klein. Rust bringt einige Dinge nicht mit, die Sie als normal "
|
|
#~ "betrachten könnten:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "a random number generator, but see [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)."
|
|
#~ msgstr "ein Zufallszahlengenerator, siehe aber [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Unterstützung für SSL oder TLS, siehe jedoch [rusttls](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
#~ "rustls/)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "support for JSON, but see [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Unterstützung für JSON, siehe jedoch [serde_json](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
#~ "serde_json/)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library "
|
|
#~ "cannot go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the "
|
|
#~ "Rust community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps "
|
|
#~ "there isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Der Grund dafür ist, dass die Funktionalität in der Standardbibliothek nicht "
|
|
#~ "herausgenommen werden dürfen und daher sehr stabil sein muss. Für die obigen "
|
|
#~ "Beispiele arbeitet die Rust-Gemeinschaft immer noch daran, die beste Lösung "
|
|
#~ "zu finden – und vielleicht gibt es für einige dieser Dinge keine einzige "
|
|
#~ "„beste Lösung“."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this "
|
|
#~ "makes it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence "
|
|
#~ "of this is that the standard library can be smaller."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust verfügt über einen integrierten Paketmanager in Form von Cargo, der das "
|
|
#~ "Herunterladen und Kompilieren von Crates von Drittanbietern vereinfacht. "
|
|
#~ "Dies hat zur Folge, dass die Standardbibliothek kleiner sein kann."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like <https://"
|
|
#~ "lib.rs/> help with this by letting you compare health metrics for crates to "
|
|
#~ "find a good and trusted one."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Das Auffinden guter Kisten von Drittanbietern kann ein Problem sein. "
|
|
#~ "Websites wie <https://lib.rs/> hilft Dir dabei, indem es Dir ermöglicht, "
|
|
#~ "Gesundheitsmetriken für Kisten zu vergleichen, um eine gute und "
|
|
#~ "vertrauenswürdige zu finden."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) is a well supported LSP "
|
|
#~ "implementation used in major IDEs and text editors."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) ist eine gut unterstützte "
|
|
#~ "LSP-Implementierung, die in wichtigen IDEs und Texteditoren verwendet wird."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Unicode-Skalarwerte"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(r#\"<a href=\"link.html\">link</a>\"#);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"<a href=\\\"link.html\\\">link</a>\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(r#\"<a href=\"link.html\">link</a>\"#);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"<a href=\\\"link.html\\\">link</a>\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Wie C++ hat Rust Referenzen:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ "
|
|
#~ "pointers."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wir müssen `ref_x` beim Zuweisen dereferenzieren, ähnlich wie bei C und C++-"
|
|
#~ "Zeigern."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values over "
|
|
#~ "their lifetime."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Referenzen, die als `mut` deklariert sind, können über ihre Lebensdauer an "
|
|
#~ "unterschiedliche Werte gebunden werden."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Eine Referenz \"leiht\" (borrows) sich den Wert, auf den sie sich bezieht, ."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long "
|
|
#~ "enough."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust verfolgt die Lebensdauer aller Referenzen, um sicherzustellen, dass sie "
|
|
#~ "lange genug leben"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`String` vs `str`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`String` vs `str`"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range "
|
|
#~ "selection."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Du kannst `&str`\\-Slices von `String` über `&` und optional eine "
|
|
#~ "Bereichsauswahl (range selection) ausleihen."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
|
|
#~ "Fizz_buzz) interview question:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Eine Rust-Version der berühmten [FizzBuzz](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
|
|
#~ "Fizz_buzz) Interviewfrage:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward declarations "
|
|
#~ "nor headers are necessary. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wir beziehen uns in `main` auf eine unten beschriebene Funktion. Es sind "
|
|
#~ "weder Forward-Deklarationen noch Header erforderlich."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The range expression in the `for` loop in `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contains "
|
|
#~ "`=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Der Bereichsausdruck (range expression) in der `for`\\-Schleife in "
|
|
#~ "`print_fizzbuzz_to()` enthält `=n`, was dazu führt, dass die Obergrenze "
|
|
#~ "einschlossen wird."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Alle Sprachelemente in Rust können mit der speziellen `///`\\-Syntax "
|
|
#~ "dokumentiert werden."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but in "
|
|
#~ "real code they should be present."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dieser Kurs enthält keine Rustdocs auf Folien, um Platz zu sparen, aber im "
|
|
#~ "echten Code sollten Rustdoc-Kommentare vorhanden sein."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need not "
|
|
#~ "be addressed here."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Inner doc Kommentare werden später besprochen (auf der Seite zu Modulen) und "
|
|
#~ "müssen hier nicht behandelt werden."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Methods are functions associated with a type. The `self` argument of a "
|
|
#~ "method is an instance of the type it is associated with:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Methoden sind Funktionen, die einem bestimmten Typ zugeordnet sind. Das "
|
|
#~ "`self`\\-Argument einer Methode ist die Instanz des Typs, dem sie zugeordnet "
|
|
#~ "ist:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's "
|
|
#~ "class."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wir werden uns in der heutigen Übung und im morgigen Unterricht tiefer mit "
|
|
#~ "Methoden befassen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Add a static method called `Rectangle::new` and call this from `main`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Füge einen `Rectangle::new`\\-Konstruktor hinzu und rufe diesen von `main` "
|
|
#~ "aus auf:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Add a `Rectangle::square(width: u32)` constructor to illustrate that such "
|
|
#~ "static methods can take arbitrary parameters."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Füge einen `Rectangle::new_square(width: u32)`\\-Konstruktor hinzu, um zu "
|
|
#~ "veranschaulichen, dass Konstruktoren beliebige Parameter annehmen können."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Function Overloading"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Funktionsüberladung"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Overloading is not supported:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Überladen wird nicht unterstützt:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Always takes a fixed number of parameters."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Akzeptiert immer eine feste Anzahl von Parametern."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Default values are not supported:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Standardwerte werden nicht unterstützt:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "All call sites have the same number of arguments."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Alle Aufrufstellen (call sites) haben die gleiche Anzahl von Argumenten."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Macros are sometimes used as an alternative."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Makros werden manchmal als Alternative verwendet."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Funktionsparameter können jedoch generisch sein:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "When using generics, the standard library's `Into<T>` can provide a kind of "
|
|
#~ "limited polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a later "
|
|
#~ "section."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Bei Verwendung von Generika (generics) kann `Into<T>` der Standardbibliothek "
|
|
#~ "eine Art eingeschränkten Polymorphismus für Argumenttypen bereitstellen. "
|
|
#~ "Weitere Einzelheiten erfährst Du in einem späteren Abschnitt."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1: Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 1: Übungen am Morgen"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "In diesen Übungen werden wir zwei Teile von Rust erkunden:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Implicit conversions between types."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Implizite Konvertierungen zwischen Typen."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Arrays and `for` loops."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Arrays und `for`\\-Schleifen."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ein paar Dinge, die Du beim Lösen der Aufgaben beachten solltest:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get auto-"
|
|
#~ "completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo](../../cargo.md) "
|
|
#~ "for details on installing Rust."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Verwende nach Möglichkeit eine lokale Rust-Installation. Auf diese Weise "
|
|
#~ "kannst Du Autovervollständigung in Deinem Editor erhalten. Weitere "
|
|
#~ "Informationen findest Du auf der Seite: \\[Cargo verwenden\\]."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Alternatively, use the Rust Playground."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Alternativ kannst du den Rust Spielplatz verwenden."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets lose "
|
|
#~ "their state if you navigate away from the page."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Die Code-Snippets sind absichtlich nicht editierbar: die Inline-Code-"
|
|
#~ "Snippets verlieren Deine Änderungen, sobald Du die Seite verlässt."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types "
|
|
#~ "([unlike C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/"
|
|
#~ "implicit_conversion)). You can see this in a program like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust wendet nicht automatisch _implizite Konvertierungen_ zwischen Typen an "
|
|
#~ "(\\[anders als C++[3](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/"
|
|
#~ "implicit_conversion)). Das kannst Du an einem Programm wie diesem sehen:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The Rust integer types all implement the [`From<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
#~ "org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
#~ "std/convert/trait.Into.html) traits to let us convert between them. The "
|
|
#~ "`From<T>` trait has a single `from()` method and similarly, the `Into<T>` "
|
|
#~ "trait has a single `into()` method. Implementing these traits is how a type "
|
|
#~ "expresses that it can be converted into another type."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Alle Rust-Integer-Typen implementieren die [`From<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
#~ "org/std/convert/trait.From.html)\\- und [`Into<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
#~ "org/std/convert/trait.Into.html)\\-Merkmale (traits), um zwischen ihnen "
|
|
#~ "umzuwandeln. Das `From<T>`\\-Merkmal (trait) hat eine einzige `from()` \\-"
|
|
#~ "Methode und ähnlicherweise hat das `Into<T>`\\-Merkmal auch nur eine einzige "
|
|
#~ "`into()`\\-Methode. Durch die Implementierung dieser Merkmale (traits) "
|
|
#~ "drückt ein Typ aus, zu welchen anderen Typen dieser umgewandelt werden kann."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The standard library has an implementation of `From<i8> for i16`, which "
|
|
#~ "means that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by "
|
|
#~ "calling `i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From<i8> for "
|
|
#~ "i16` implementation automatically create an implementation of `Into<i16> for "
|
|
#~ "i8`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Die Standardbibliothek enthält eine Implementierung von `From<i8> for i16`, "
|
|
#~ "was bedeutet dass wir eine Variable `x` vom Typ `i8` in ein `i16` durch "
|
|
#~ "`i16::from(x)` umwandeln können. Alternativ geht dies mit `x.into()`, denn "
|
|
#~ "die `From<i8> for i16`\\-Implementierung erstellt automatisch eine "
|
|
#~ "`Into<i16> for i8`\\-Implementierung."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, so "
|
|
#~ "it is sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` "
|
|
#~ "implementation automatically."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dasselbe gilt für `From`\\-Implementierungen für Deine eigenen Typen. Es "
|
|
#~ "reicht also aus, nur `From` zu implementieren, um automatisch eine "
|
|
#~ "entsprechende `Into`\\-Implementierung zu erhalten."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Execute the above program and look at the compiler error."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Führe das obige Programm aus und schau Dir den Compiler-Fehler an."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Aktualisiere den obigen Code, um `into()` für die Konvertierung zu verwenden."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`, "
|
|
#~ "`i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try "
|
|
#~ "converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the "
|
|
#~ "[standard library documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait."
|
|
#~ "From.html) to see if `From<T>` is implemented for the pairs you check."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ändere die Typen von `x` und `y` in andere Typen (z. B. `f32`, `bool`, "
|
|
#~ "`i128`), um zu sehen, welche Typen Du in welche anderen Typen konvertieren "
|
|
#~ "kannst. Versuche, kleine Typen in große Typen umzuwandeln und umgekehrt. "
|
|
#~ "Schau in der [Standardbibliotheksdokumentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
#~ "std/convert/trait.From.html) nach, ob `From<T>` für die von Dir überprüften "
|
|
#~ "Paare implementiert sind."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Arrays and `for` Loops"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Arrays und `for`\\-Schleifen"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Wir haben gesehen, dass ein Array wie folgt deklariert werden kann:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with `{:?}"
|
|
#~ "`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Du kannst ein solches Array drucken (print), indem Du mit `{:?}` nach der "
|
|
#~ "Debug-Darstellung fragst:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for` "
|
|
#~ "keyword:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Mit Rust kannst Du über Dinge wie Arrays und Ranges iterieren, indem Du "
|
|
#~ "`for` verwendest:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Bonus Question"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Bonus-Frage"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for your "
|
|
#~ "argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-dimensional "
|
|
#~ "slice-of-slices. Why or why not?"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Könntest Du den `&[i32]`\\-Anteilstyp anstelle von fest codierten 3 × 3-"
|
|
#~ "Matrizen als Argument- und Rückgabetypen verwenden? Oder etwas wie "
|
|
#~ "`&[&[i32]]` für einen zweidimensionalen Anteilstyp? Warum oder warum nicht?"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production quality "
|
|
#~ "implementation."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Teste die [`ndarray`\\-Kiste](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) für eine "
|
|
#~ "produktionsfertige Implementierung."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the "
|
|
#~ "[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Die Lösung und die Antwort zum Bonusteil findest Du im Abschnitt [Lösung]"
|
|
#~ "(solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to conditionally "
|
|
#~ "evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value which then "
|
|
#~ "becomes the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow expressions "
|
|
#~ "work similarly in Rust."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wie wir gesehen haben, ist `if` ein Ausdruck in Rust. Es ist bedingt gewohnt "
|
|
#~ "einen von zwei Blöcken auswerten, aber die Blöcke können einen Wert haben, "
|
|
#~ "der dann wird der Wert des `if`\\-Ausdrucks. Andere "
|
|
#~ "Ablaufsteuerungsausdrücke funktionieren ähnlich in Rost."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is the "
|
|
#~ "return value:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Die gleiche Regel gilt für Funktionen: Der Wert des Funktionskörpers ist der "
|
|
#~ "Rückgabewert:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in "
|
|
#~ "Rust. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Der Zweck dieser Folie ist es zu zeigen, dass Blöcke in Rust einen Typ und "
|
|
#~ "einen Wert haben."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) is closely "
|
|
#~ "related to the [`while let` loop](while-let-expressions.md). It will "
|
|
#~ "automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate over it:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Der „for“-Ausdruck ist eng verwandt mit dem „while let“-Ausdruck. Es wird "
|
|
#~ "Rufen Sie automatisch `into_iter()` für den Ausdruck auf und iterieren Sie "
|
|
#~ "dann darüber:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sie können hier wie gewohnt `break` und `continue` verwenden."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Index-Iteration ist in Rust keine spezielle Syntax für genau diesen Fall."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. "
|
|
#~ msgstr "„(0..10)“ ist ein Bereich, der ein „Iterator“-Merkmal implementiert."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every other "
|
|
#~ "element. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "„step_by“ ist eine Methode, die einen weiteren „Iterator“ zurückgibt, der "
|
|
#~ "jedes andere Element überspringt."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`loop` expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`loop`\\-Ausdrücke"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Here you must either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Schließlich gibt es noch ein „loop“-Schlüsselwort, das eine Endlosschleife "
|
|
#~ "erzeugt. Hier müssen Sie entweder `break` oder `return`, um die Schleife zu "
|
|
#~ "stoppen:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the "
|
|
#~ "types less and less as the course progresses."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Aufgrund von Typ-Inferenz (type inference) ist `i32` optional. Wir werden "
|
|
#~ "die Typen nach und nach immer öfter weglassen, je weiter der Kurs "
|
|
#~ "fortschreitet."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic "
|
|
#~ "container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, "
|
|
#~ "using `_` as a placeholder:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Der folgende Code weist den Compiler an, in einen bestimmten generischen "
|
|
#~ "Container zu kopieren, ohne dass jemals der enthaltene Typ explizit "
|
|
#~ "angegeben wird. Der Unterstrich `_` wird dabei als Platzhalter verwendet:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
|
|
#~ "html#method.collect) relies on [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
#~ "std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), which [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
#~ "org/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-"
|
|
#~ "HashSet%3CT,+S%3E) implements."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
|
|
#~ "html#method.collect) bezieht sich auf den `FromIterator`, den [`HashSet`]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) implementiert."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Static and Constant Variables"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Statische und konstante Variablen"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse memory "
|
|
#~ "locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if the type "
|
|
#~ "does not change."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Der folgende Code demonstriert, warum der Compiler Speicherorte nicht "
|
|
#~ "einfach wiederverwenden kann, wenn er eine unveränderliche Variable in einem "
|
|
#~ "Bereich verschattet, selbst wenn sich der Typ nicht ändert."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and "
|
|
#~ "`Tails`. You might note the namespace when using variants."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Diese Seite bietet einen Aufzählungstyp `CoinFlip` mit zwei Varianten "
|
|
#~ "`Heads` und `Tail`. Beachten Sie bei der Verwendung von Varianten "
|
|
#~ "möglicherweise den Namensraum."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "In beiden werden zugehörige Funktionen innerhalb eines `impl`\\-Blocks "
|
|
#~ "definiert."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then use "
|
|
#~ "the `match` statement to extract the data from each variant:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Sie können reichhaltigere Aufzählungen definieren, bei denen die Varianten "
|
|
#~ "Daten enthalten. Sie können dann die verwenden `match`\\-Anweisung, um die "
|
|
#~ "Daten aus jeder Variante zu extrahieren:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into "
|
|
#~ "account:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust-Aufzählungen sind dicht gepackt, wobei Einschränkungen aufgrund der "
|
|
#~ "Ausrichtung berücksichtigt werden:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The [`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/match-"
|
|
#~ "expr.html) is used to match a value against one or more patterns. In that "
|
|
#~ "sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Das Schlüsselwort „match“ wird verwendet, um einen Wert mit einem oder "
|
|
#~ "mehreren Mustern abzugleichen. In In diesem Sinne funktioniert es wie eine "
|
|
#~ "Reihe von `if let`\\-Ausdrücken:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Das `_`\\-Muster ist ein Platzhaltermuster, das jedem Wert entspricht."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a "
|
|
#~ "wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Es kann nützlich sein, zu zeigen, wie die Bindung funktioniert, indem Sie "
|
|
#~ "zum Beispiel ein Platzhalterzeichen durch eine Variable ersetzen oder die "
|
|
#~ "Anführungszeichen um `q` entfernen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You can demonstrate matching on a reference."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sie können die Übereinstimmung anhand einer Referenz nachweisen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable patterns, "
|
|
#~ "as the term can show up in error messages."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dies könnte ein guter Zeitpunkt sein, um das Konzept der unwiderlegbaren "
|
|
#~ "Muster anzusprechen, da der Begriff in Fehlermeldungen auftauchen kann."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sie können `structs` auch destrukturieren:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary "
|
|
#~ "Boolean expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Beim Abgleich können Sie einem Muster einen _Wächter_ hinzufügen. Dies ist "
|
|
#~ "ein beliebiger boolescher Wert Ausdruck, der ausgeführt wird, wenn das "
|
|
#~ "Muster übereinstimmt:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Sie können die im Muster definierten Variablen in Ihrem if-Ausdruck "
|
|
#~ "verwenden."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 1: Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "We will look at two things:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Wir werden uns zwei Dinge ansehen:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The Luhn algorithm,"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Luhn-Algorithmus"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "An exercise on pattern matching."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Enums und Musterabgleich (pattern matching)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based "
|
|
#~ "memory management, and garbage collection."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Speicherverwaltung: Stack vs. Heap, manuelle Speicherverwaltung, "
|
|
#~ "bereichsbasierte Speicherverwaltung und Speicherbereinigung (garbage "
|
|
#~ "collection)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Eigentum (ownership): Bewegungssemantik (move semantics), Kopieren und "
|
|
#~ "Klonen (copy and cloning), Ausleihen (borrowing) und Lebensdauer (lifetimes)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Structs and methods."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Strings und Iteratoren"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Lasst uns zunächst die Funktionsweise der Speicherverwaltung auffrischen."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The Stack vs The Heap"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Stapel vs. Haufen"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Stack and Heap Example"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Stapelspeicher vs. Haldenspeicher"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Heap-Speicher können Sie selbst zuweisen und freigeben."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security "
|
|
#~ "vulnerabilities, and memory leaks."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wenn dies nicht sorgfältig durchgeführt wird, kann dies zu Abstürzen, "
|
|
#~ "Fehlern, Sicherheitslücken und Speicherlecks führen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "C Example"
|
|
#~ msgstr "\\##C Beispiel"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Sie müssen `free` auf jedem Zeiger aufrufen, den Sie mit `malloc` zuweisen:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and `free`: "
|
|
#~ "the pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory. Worse, freeing the "
|
|
#~ "pointer twice, or accessing a freed pointer can lead to exploitable security "
|
|
#~ "vulnerabilities."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Speicherverlust, wenn die Funktion früh zwischen `malloc` und `free` "
|
|
#~ "zurückkehrt: the Zeiger geht verloren und wir können den Speicher nicht "
|
|
#~ "freigeben."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Mit Konstruktoren und Destruktoren können Sie sich in die Lebensdauer eines "
|
|
#~ "Objekts einklinken."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object is "
|
|
#~ "destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an exception "
|
|
#~ "is raised."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Indem Sie einen Zeiger in ein Objekt einschließen, können Sie Speicher "
|
|
#~ "freigeben, wenn das Objekt vorhanden ist zerstört. Der Compiler garantiert, "
|
|
#~ "dass dies geschieht, auch wenn es sich um eine Ausnahme handelt erzogen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and "
|
|
#~ "gives you smart pointers."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dies wird oft als _Ressourcenerwerb ist Initialisierung_ (RAII) bezeichnet "
|
|
#~ "und gibt ihr klugen zeiger."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to memory "
|
|
#~ "allocated on the heap."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Das `std::unique_ptr`\\-Objekt wird auf dem Stack allokiert und zeigt auf "
|
|
#~ "auf dem Heap zugewiesener Speicher."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Am Ende von `say_hello` wird der Destruktor `std::unique_ptr` ausgeführt."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Der Destruktor gibt das `Person`\\-Objekt frei, auf das er zeigt."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Spezielle Move-Konstruktoren werden verwendet, wenn der Besitz an eine "
|
|
#~ "Funktion übergeben wird:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic "
|
|
#~ "memory management:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Eine Alternative zur manuellen und bereichsbasierten Speicherverwaltung ist "
|
|
#~ "der automatische Speicher Management:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Der Programmierer weist Speicher nie explizit zu oder gibt ihn nicht mehr "
|
|
#~ "frei."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the "
|
|
#~ "programmer."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ein Garbage Collector findet ungenutzten Speicher und gibt ihn für den "
|
|
#~ "Programmierer frei."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Java Example"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Java-Beispiel"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Das `person`\\-Objekt wird nicht freigegeben, nachdem `sayHello` "
|
|
#~ "zurückgegeben wird:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Memory Management in Rust"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Speicherverwaltung in Rust"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Die Speicherverwaltung in Rust ist eine Mischung:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sicher und korrekt wie Java, aber ohne Garbage Collector."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Bereichsbasiert wie C++, aber der Compiler erzwingt die vollständige "
|
|
#~ "Einhaltung."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even "
|
|
#~ "have no cost at runtime like C."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ein Rust-Benutzer kann die richtige Abstraktion für die Situation auswählen, "
|
|
#~ "einige haben sogar keine Kosten zur Laufzeit wie C."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Rust achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Dies wird erreicht, indem _Eigentum_ explizit modelliert wird."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually "
|
|
#~ "handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
#~ "boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec."
|
|
#~ "html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html), or [Arc]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). These encapsulate "
|
|
#~ "ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the potential "
|
|
#~ "errors in C."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wenn Sie an dieser Stelle fragen, wie das geht, können Sie erwähnen, dass "
|
|
#~ "dies in Rust normalerweise von RAII-Wrapper-Typen wie [Box](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
|
|
#~ "struct.Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) oder "
|
|
#~ "[Arc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) gehandhabt wird. "
|
|
#~ "Diese kapseln den Besitz und die Speicherzuweisung auf verschiedene Weise "
|
|
#~ "und verhindern die potenziellen Fehler in C."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "A destructor can run here to free up resources."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Hier kann ein Destruktor laufen, um Ressourcen freizugeben."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Es gibt immer _genau_ eine Variablenbindung, die einen Wert besitzt."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Die Heap-Daten von „s1“ werden für „s2“ wiederverwendet."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wenn `s1` den Gültigkeitsbereich verlässt, passiert nichts (es wurde "
|
|
#~ "verschoben)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a way "
|
|
#~ "to generate code in Rust at compile time. In this case the default "
|
|
#~ "implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wenn Schüler nach „derive“ fragen, reicht es zu sagen, dass dies eine "
|
|
#~ "Möglichkeit ist, Code in Rust zu generieren zur Kompilierzeit. In diesem "
|
|
#~ "Fall werden die Standardimplementierungen der Merkmale „Kopieren“ und "
|
|
#~ "„Klonen“ generiert."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n"
|
|
#~ " p\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Eine andere Möglichkeit, es zu erklären:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ein geliehener Wert hat eine _Lebensdauer_:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the "
|
|
#~ "lifetime `a`\"."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Lesen Sie `&'einen Punkt` als \"einen geliehenen `Punkt`, der mindestens für "
|
|
#~ "den gilt Lebenszeit `a`\"."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed "
|
|
#~ "value:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Zusätzlich zum Ausleihen ihrer Argumente kann eine Funktion einen geliehenen "
|
|
#~ "Wert zurückgeben:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler."
|
|
#~ msgstr "„a“ ist ein generischer Parameter, er wird vom Compiler abgeleitet."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Lebensdauern beginnen mit `'` und `'a` ist ein typischer Standardname."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Der Teil _at least_ ist wichtig, wenn sich Parameter in unterschiedlichen "
|
|
#~ "Geltungsbereichen befinden."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a new scope (`{ ... }`), "
|
|
#~ "resulting in the following code:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Setzen Sie den Arbeitsbereich zurück und ändern Sie die Funktionssignatur zu "
|
|
#~ "`fn left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. Dies wird "
|
|
#~ "nicht kompiliert, da die Beziehung zwischen den Lebensdauern „a“ und „b“ "
|
|
#~ "unklar ist."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p3: &Point;\n"
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
|
|
#~ " p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Eine andere Möglichkeit, es zu erklären:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Zwei Referenzen auf zwei Werte werden von einer Funktion ausgeliehen und die "
|
|
#~ "Funktion kehrt zurück eine andere Referenz."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn left_most<'a, "
|
|
#~ "'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will not compile "
|
|
#~ "because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` is unclear."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Es muss von einem dieser beiden Eingänge stammen (oder von einer globalen "
|
|
#~ "Variablen)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Another way to explain it:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Welches ist es? Der Compiler muss es wissen, damit die zurückgegebene "
|
|
#~ "Referenz auf der Aufrufseite nicht verwendet wird länger als eine Variable, "
|
|
#~ "von der die Referenz stammt."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "We describe the distinction between method receivers next."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Als nächstes beschreiben wir die Unterscheidung zwischen Methodenempfängern."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". "
|
|
#~ "These constraints always come together in Rust due to borrow checker rules, "
|
|
#~ "and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to reference a struct from "
|
|
#~ "multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method on it."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Erwägen Sie, die Betonung auf „gemeinsam und unveränderlich“ und "
|
|
#~ "„einzigartig und veränderlich“ zu legen. Diese Einschränkungen kommen immer "
|
|
#~ "zusammen in Rust aufgrund der Borrow-Checker-Regeln, und `self` ist keine "
|
|
#~ "Ausnahme. Es wird nicht möglich sein Verweisen Sie auf eine Struktur von "
|
|
#~ "mehreren Stellen und rufen Sie eine Mutationsmethode (`&mut self`) darauf "
|
|
#~ "auf."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "All four methods here use a different method receiver."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Alle vier Methoden hier verwenden einen anderen Methodenempfänger."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the "
|
|
#~ "variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Sie können darauf hinweisen, wie sich das ändert, was die Funktion mit den "
|
|
#~ "Variablenwerten machen kann und ob/wie sie wieder in `main` verwendet werden "
|
|
#~ "kann."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` twice."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Sie können den Fehler zeigen, der auftritt, wenn Sie versuchen, zweimal "
|
|
#~ "„finish“ aufzurufen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static "
|
|
#~ "functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables automatic "
|
|
#~ "referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust automatically adds "
|
|
#~ "in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches the method signature."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Beachten Sie, dass, obwohl die Methodenempfänger unterschiedlich sind, die "
|
|
#~ "nicht statischen Funktionen im Hauptteil auf die gleiche Weise aufgerufen "
|
|
#~ "werden. Rust ermöglicht die automatische Referenzierung und Dereferenzierung "
|
|
#~ "beim Methodenaufruf. Rust fügt automatisch die `&`, `*`, `muts` hinzu, "
|
|
#~ "sodass dieses Objekt mit der Methodensignatur übereinstimmt."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated "
|
|
#~ "over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Sie könnten darauf hinweisen, dass `print_laps` einen Vektor verwendet, der "
|
|
#~ "iteriert wird. Am Nachmittag beschreiben wir Vektoren genauer."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2: Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 2: Morgengymnastik"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Wir werden Implementierungsmethoden in zwei Kontexten betrachten:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec<T>` type tomorrow. For "
|
|
#~ "now, you just need to know part of its API:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wir werden morgen viel mehr über Strukturen und den Typ `Vec<T>` lernen. Zur "
|
|
#~ "Zeit, Sie müssen nur einen Teil seiner API kennen:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Use this to model a library's book collection. Copy the code below to "
|
|
#~ "<https://play.rust-lang.org/> and update the types to make it compile:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Verwenden Sie dies, um eine Bibliotheksanwendung zu erstellen. Kopieren Sie "
|
|
#~ "den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und aktualisieren Sie "
|
|
#~ "die Typen, damit es kompiliert wird:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[Lösung](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The common vocabulary types include:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Zu den gängigen Wortschatztypen gehören:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`Option` and `Result`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Option` und `Ergebnis`"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The types represent optional data:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Die Typen stellen optionale Daten dar:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Option<&T>` hat im Vergleich zu `&T` keinen Speicherplatz-Overhead."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`binary_search` returns `Result<usize, usize>`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`binary_search` gibt `Result<usize, usesize>` zurück."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Falls gefunden, enthält `Result::Ok` den Index, wo das Element gefunden "
|
|
#~ "wurde."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should be "
|
|
#~ "inserted."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Andernfalls enthält `Result::Err` den Index, wo ein solches Element "
|
|
#~ "eingefügt werden soll."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Box with Recursive Data Structures"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Box mit rekursiven Datenstrukturen"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) and [`RefCell`]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) implement what Rust "
|
|
#~ "calls _interior mutability:_ mutation of values in an immutable context."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Mit `Read` und `BufRead` können Sie über `u8`\\-Quellen abstrahieren:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 2: Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Die Übungen für diesen Nachmittag konzentrieren sich auf Strings und "
|
|
#~ "Iteratoren."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the "
|
|
#~ "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and "
|
|
#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) "
|
|
#~ "traits."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Das Eigentumsmodell von Rust betrifft viele APIs. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist "
|
|
#~ "die [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) und "
|
|
#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) "
|
|
#~ "Züge."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. The "
|
|
#~ "`Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get `None` "
|
|
#~ "back:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Merkmale sind wie Schnittstellen: Sie beschreiben das Verhalten (Methoden) "
|
|
#~ "für einen Typ. Der Das `Iterator`\\-Merkmal sagt einfach, dass Sie `next` "
|
|
#~ "aufrufen können, bis Sie `None` zurückbekommen:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You use this trait like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sie verwenden diese Eigenschaft wie folgt:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Welchen Typ gibt der Iterator zurück? Testen Sie Ihre Antwort hier:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Why is this type used?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Warum wird dieser Typ verwendet?"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Welchen Typ gibt der Iterator wie zuvor zurück?"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` "
|
|
#~ "loops. They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the "
|
|
#~ "resulting iterator:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Jetzt, da wir sowohl „Iterator“ als auch „IntoIterator“ kennen, können wir "
|
|
#~ "„for“-Schleifen bauen. Sie rufen `into_iter()` für einen Ausdruck auf und "
|
|
#~ "iterieren über das Ergebnis Iterator:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for [`impl "
|
|
#~ "IntoIterator for &Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec."
|
|
#~ "html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26'a+Vec%3CT,+A%3E) and [`impl IntoIterator for "
|
|
#~ "Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-"
|
|
#~ "for-Vec%3CT,+A%3E) to check your answers."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Experimentieren Sie mit dem obigen Code und konsultieren Sie dann die "
|
|
#~ "Dokumentation für [`impl IntoIterator für &Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
#~ "org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-"
|
|
#~ "%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) und [`impl IntoIterator for Vec<T>`](https://"
|
|
#~ "doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-"
|
|
#~ "Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) um Ihre Antworten zu überprüfen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web server. "
|
|
#~ "The server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which are matched "
|
|
#~ "against _request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a wildcard character "
|
|
#~ "which matches a full segment. See the unit tests below."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "In dieser Übung implementieren Sie eine Routing-Komponente eines Webservers. "
|
|
#~ "Der Der Server ist mit einer Reihe von _Pfadpräfixen_ konfiguriert, die "
|
|
#~ "abgeglichen werden _Anfragepfade_. Die Pfadpräfixe können ein "
|
|
#~ "Platzhalterzeichen enthalten, das entspricht einem vollständigen Segment. "
|
|
#~ "Siehe die Unit-Tests unten."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sie können einen generischen Typ in Ihrem `impl`\\-Block deklarieren:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Basierend auf den Aufrufseiten wird generischer Code in nicht generischen "
|
|
#~ "Code umgewandelt:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "behaves as if you wrote"
|
|
#~ msgstr "verhält sich so, als hättest du geschrieben"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits as follows:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sie können den Compiler eine Reihe von Merkmalen ableiten lassen:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Traits können Verhalten im Sinne anderer Trait-Methoden implementieren:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`impl Trait` kann nicht mit der `::<>` Turbofish-Syntax verwendet werden.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "`impl Trait` ermöglicht es Ihnen, mit Typen zu arbeiten, die Sie nicht "
|
|
#~ "benennen können."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to "
|
|
#~ "explain that nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` "
|
|
#~ "type. If we used a single `T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint "
|
|
#~ "that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type. It would not work for "
|
|
#~ "this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely not what "
|
|
#~ "`format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` syntax, we'd "
|
|
#~ "need two independent generic parameters."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dieses Beispiel ist großartig, weil es `impl Display` zweimal verwendet. Es "
|
|
#~ "hilft, das zu erklären nichts hier erzwingt, dass es _derselbe_ `impl "
|
|
#~ "Display`\\-Typ ist. Wenn wir eine Single benutzten `T: Display`, es würde "
|
|
#~ "die Einschränkung erzwingen, dass der Eingabe-`T`\\- und der Rückgabe-`T-Typ "
|
|
#~ "derselbe Typ sind. Es würde für diese spezielle Funktion nicht "
|
|
#~ "funktionieren, da der Typ, den wir als Eingabe erwarten, wahrscheinlich "
|
|
#~ "nicht der Fall ist welches `format!`zurückgibt. Wenn wir dasselbe über die`: "
|
|
#~ "Display\\`\\-Syntax machen wollten, bräuchten wir zwei unabhängige "
|
|
#~ "generische Parameter."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard "
|
|
#~ "library:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wir werden uns nun einige der häufigsten Merkmale der Rust-"
|
|
#~ "Standardbibliothek ansehen:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and "
|
|
#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) "
|
|
#~ "used in `for` loops,"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Iterator` und `IntoIterator` werden in `for`\\-Schleifen verwendet,"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`](https://"
|
|
#~ "doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... used for operator "
|
|
#~ "overloading, and"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Add`, `Mul`, ... wird zum Überladen von Operatoren verwendet, und"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`Iterator` implements `fn collect<B>(self) -> B where B: FromIterator<Self::"
|
|
#~ "Item>, Self: Sized`"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`Iterator`\\-Implementierungen \\`fn collect\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "(selbst) -> B Wo B: FromIterator<Self::Item>, Selbst: Sized'"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`Add`, `Mul`, ..."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Hinzufügen`, `Mul`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3: Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 3: Morgengymnastik"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "We will design a classical GUI library using traits and trait objects."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wir werden Traits und Trait-Objekte einer klassischen GUI-Bibliothek "
|
|
#~ "entwerfen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits and "
|
|
#~ "trait objects."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Lassen Sie uns eine klassische GUI-Bibliothek mit unserem neuen Wissen über "
|
|
#~ "Traits und entwerfen Eigenschaftsobjekte."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Wir werden eine Reihe von Widgets in unserer Bibliothek haben:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets."
|
|
#~ msgstr "„Fenster“: hat einen „Titel“ und enthält andere Widgets."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the "
|
|
#~ "button is pressed."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`Button`: hat ein `Label` und eine Callback-Funktion, die aufgerufen wird, "
|
|
#~ "wenn die Taste gedrückt wird."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`Label`: has a `label`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Label`: hat ein `Label`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Die Widgets implementieren ein „Widget“-Merkmal, siehe unten."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, fill in the missing "
|
|
#~ "`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und "
|
|
#~ "füllen Sie die fehlenden aus `draw_into`\\-Methoden, sodass Sie das "
|
|
#~ "`Widget`\\-Merkmal implementieren:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Die Ausgabe des obigen Programms kann so einfach sein:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the [fill/alignment](https://"
|
|
#~ "doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment) formatting operators. In "
|
|
#~ "particular, notice how you can pad with different characters (here a `'/'`) "
|
|
#~ "and how you can control alignment:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wenn Sie ausgerichteten Text zeichnen möchten, können Sie die verwenden "
|
|
#~ "[fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment) "
|
|
#~ "Formatierungsoperatoren. Beachten Sie insbesondere, wie Sie mit "
|
|
#~ "verschiedenen auffüllen können Zeichen (hier ein `'/'`) und wie Sie die "
|
|
#~ "Ausrichtung steuern können:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Mit solchen Ausrichtungstricks können Sie beispielsweise eine Ausgabe wie "
|
|
#~ "diese erzeugen:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Polygon Struct"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Polygonstruktur"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the code "
|
|
#~ "below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing methods to "
|
|
#~ "make the tests pass:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wir werden eine \"Polygon\"-Struktur erstellen, die einige Punkte enthält. "
|
|
#~ "Kopieren Sie den Code unten zu <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und füllen Sie "
|
|
#~ "die fehlenden Methoden aus, um die Tests bestehen:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the key "
|
|
#~ "part of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to modify "
|
|
#~ "the tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Da die Methodensignaturen in den Problembeschreibungen fehlen, ist der "
|
|
#~ "Schlüsselteil der Übung ist es, diese richtig anzugeben."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Weitere interessante Teile der Übung:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes "
|
|
#~ "don't borrow their arguments."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Leiten Sie ein `Copy`\\-Merkmal für einige Strukturen ab, da die Methoden in "
|
|
#~ "Tests ihre Argumente manchmal nicht ausleihen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be addable "
|
|
#~ "via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Entdecken Sie, dass die Eigenschaft „Hinzufügen“ implementiert werden muss, "
|
|
#~ "damit zwei Objekte über „+“ hinzugefügt werden können."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Die Fehlerbehandlung in Rust erfolgt über einen expliziten Kontrollfluss:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Functions that can have errors list this in their return type,"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Funktionen, die Fehler haben können, führen dies in ihrem Rückgabetyp auf,"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "There are no exceptions."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Es gibt keine Ausnahmen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Catching the Stack Unwinding"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Auffangen des Stapels beim Abwickeln"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when errors "
|
|
#~ "are expected as part of normal operation:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wir haben bereits die Aufzählung `Result` gesehen. Dies wird häufig "
|
|
#~ "verwendet, wenn Fehler vorhanden sind erwartet im Rahmen des Normalbetriebs:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Propagating Errors with `?`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Propagieren von Fehlern mit `?`"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you "
|
|
#~ "turn the common"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Der Try-Operator `?` wird verwendet, um Fehler an den Aufrufer "
|
|
#~ "zurückzugeben. Es lässt dich drehen das gemeine"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too where "
|
|
#~ "possible, to make life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In "
|
|
#~ "this case we can't easily do so, because `io::Error` doesn't implement them."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Es ist eine gute Praxis für alle Fehlertypen, `std::error::Error` zu "
|
|
#~ "implementieren, was `Debug` und erfordert \"Anzeigen\". Es ist im "
|
|
#~ "Allgemeinen hilfreich für sie, `Clone` und `Eq` zu implementieren, wo es "
|
|
#~ "möglich ist, zu machen das Leben einfacher für Tests und Benutzer Ihrer "
|
|
#~ "Bibliothek. In diesem Fall können wir das nicht so einfach tun, weil `io::"
|
|
#~ "Error` implementiert sie nicht."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, and "
|
|
#~ "optionally `Display` (if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) and "
|
|
#~ "`From` (if the `#[from]` attribute is added). It also works for structs."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Das Ableitungsmakro von `thiserror` implementiert automatisch `std::error::"
|
|
#~ "Error` und optional `Display` (wenn die `#[error(...)]`\\-Attribute "
|
|
#~ "bereitgestellt werden) und `From` (wenn das `#[from]`\\-Attribut hinzugefügt "
|
|
#~ "wird). Es funktioniert auch für Strukturen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Es wirkt sich nicht auf Ihre öffentliche API aus, was es gut für "
|
|
#~ "Bibliotheken macht."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add "
|
|
#~ "contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer custom "
|
|
#~ "error types:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Die weit verbreitete Kiste [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) kann Ihnen beim "
|
|
#~ "Hinzufügen helfen Kontextinformationen zu Ihren Fehlern und ermöglicht es "
|
|
#~ "Ihnen, weniger zu haben benutzerdefinierte Fehlertypen:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Unit-Tests mit `#[test]` markieren:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Verwenden Sie \"Cargo Test\", um die Komponententests zu finden und "
|
|
#~ "auszuführen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the [Playground]"
|
|
#~ "(https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Unit-Tests werden oft in ein verschachteltes Modul eingefügt (Tests auf der "
|
|
#~ "[Spielplatz](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Calling External Code"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Externer Code aufrufen"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. Calling "
|
|
#~ "them is thus unsafe:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Funktionen aus anderen Sprachen könnten die Garantien von Rust verletzen. "
|
|
#~ "Berufung sie ist somit unsicher:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::mem::size_of_val;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::slice;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// ...\n"
|
|
#~ "/// # Safety\n"
|
|
#~ "/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, "
|
|
#~ "size_of_val(self))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
#~ "unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "/// ... /// # Sicherheit /// Der Typ muss eine definierte Darstellung haben "
|
|
#~ "und darf nicht aufgefüllt werden. pub unsichere Eigenschaft AsBytes { fn "
|
|
#~ "as_bytes(&self) -> &\\[u8\\] { unsicher { Slice::from_raw_parts(self als "
|
|
#~ "\\*const Self als \\*const u8, size_of_val(self)) } } }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 3: Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Lassen Sie uns einen sicheren Wrapper zum Lesen von Verzeichnisinhalten "
|
|
#~ "erstellen!"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution](solutions-"
|
|
#~ "afternoon.md) provided."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Nachdem Sie sich die Übung angesehen haben, können Sie sich die "
|
|
#~ "bereitgestellte \\[Lösung\\] ansehen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Auf den folgenden Seiten finden Sie Lösungen zu den Aufgaben."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on GitHub](https://github."
|
|
#~ "com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us know if you have a "
|
|
#~ "different or better solution than what is presented here."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Habe keine falsche Scheu, fragen zu den Lösungen [auf GitHub](https://github."
|
|
#~ "com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions) zu stellen. Lass uns wissen wenn "
|
|
#~ "Du eine andere oder bessere Lösung als die hier vorgestellte hast."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1 Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 1 Morgengymnastik"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](for-loops.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a slice-"
|
|
#~ "of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus make our "
|
|
#~ "function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks down: the "
|
|
#~ "return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the data you return."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Es funktioniert ehrlich gesagt nicht so gut. Es scheint, als könnten wir ein "
|
|
#~ "Slice-of-Slices (`&[&[i32]]`) als Eingabetyp für die Transponierung "
|
|
#~ "verwenden und unsere Funktion so dazu bringen, jede Matrixgröße zu "
|
|
#~ "handhaben. Dies bricht jedoch schnell zusammen: Der Rückgabetyp kann nicht "
|
|
#~ "`&[&[i32]]` sein, da er die von Ihnen zurückgegebenen Daten besitzen muss."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can attempt to use something like `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, but this doesn't work "
|
|
#~ "out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec<Vec<i32>>` to "
|
|
#~ "`&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Du kannst versuchen, so etwas wie `Vec<Vec<i32>>` zu verwenden, aber das "
|
|
#~ "funktioniert auch nicht sehr gut: Es ist schwierig, `Vec<Vec<i32>>` in "
|
|
#~ "`&[&[i32]] umzuwandeln. ` also kannst Du jetzt auch `pretty_print` nicht "
|
|
#~ "einfach verwenden."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are of "
|
|
#~ "the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Außerdem würde der Typ selbst nicht erzwingen, dass die untergeordneten "
|
|
#~ "Slices dieselbe Länge haben, sodass eine solche Variable eine ungültige "
|
|
#~ "Matrix enthalten könnte."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 1 Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](luhn.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Pattern matching"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Musterabgleich"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2 Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 2 Morgengymnastik"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Designing a Library"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Entwerfen einer Bibliothek"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](book-library.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](strings-iterators.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3 Morning Exercise"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 3 Morgengymnastik"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](simple-gui.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](points-polygons.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tag 3 Nachmittagsübungen"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Comparison"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Vergleich"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "GitHub contributors"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Github Beiträger"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "GitHub stars"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Github Sterne"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Der Kurs geht in schnellem Tempo voran und deckt viele Themen ab:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Tag 1: Rust Grundlagen, Eigentümerschaft (ownership) und der Ausleihenprüfer "
|
|
#~ "(borrow checker)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Concurrency"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Nebenläufigkeit"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Rustup (Recommended)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rustup (empfohlen)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can follow the instructions to install cargo and rust compiler, among "
|
|
#~ "other standard ecosystem tools with the [rustup](https://rust-analyzer."
|
|
#~ "github.io/) tool, which is maintained by the Rust Foundation."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Du kannst den Anweisungen zur Installation von Cargo und des Rust-Compilers "
|
|
#~ "sowie anderer Standard-Ökosystem-Tools mit dem Tool [rustup](https://rust-"
|
|
#~ "analyzer.github.io/) folgen, das von der Rust Foundation verwaltet wird."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Package Managers"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Paketmanager"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Debian"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Debian"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This will allow \\[rust-analyzer\\]\\[1\\] to jump to the definitions. We "
|
|
#~ "suggest using [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) to edit the code "
|
|
#~ "(but any LSP compatible editor works)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dadurch kann \\[rust-analyzer\\]\\[1\\] zu den Definitionen springen. Wir "
|
|
#~ "empfehlen die Verwendung von [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/), um "
|
|
#~ "Code zu bearbeiten (aber jeder LSP-kompatible Editor funktioniert auch)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/"
|
|
#~ "clion/) family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own "
|
|
#~ "tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin](https://www."
|
|
#~ "jetbrains.com/rust/). Please take note that as of January 2023 debugging "
|
|
#~ "only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Einige Leute verwenden auch gerne die [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/"
|
|
#~ "clion/)\\-Familie von IDEs, die eigene Code-Analysen durchführen, aber auch "
|
|
#~ "eigene Einschränkungen haben. Wenn du diese IDEs bevorzugst, kannst du das "
|
|
#~ "\\[Rust-Plugin\\] [5](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/) installieren. Bitte "
|
|
#~ "beachte, dass das Debuggen seit Januar 2023 nur auf der CLion-Version "
|
|
#~ "funktioniert, welche Teil der JetBrains IDEA-Suite ist."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cargo new exercise\n"
|
|
#~ " Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cargo new exercise\n"
|
|
#~ " Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cd exercise\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cargo run\n"
|
|
#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
|
|
#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
#~ "Hello, world!\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cd exercise\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cargo run\n"
|
|
#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
|
|
#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
#~ "Hello, world!\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cargo run\n"
|
|
#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
|
|
#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
#~ "Edit me!\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cargo run\n"
|
|
#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
|
|
#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
#~ "Edit me!\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n"
|
|
#~ " Rectangle { width, height }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n"
|
|
#~ " Rectangle { width, height }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the \\[solutions\\] provided."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Nachdem Du Dir die Übungen angesehen hast, kannst Du Dir die "
|
|
#~ "bereitgestellten \\[Lösungen\\] ansehen."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Note that since `println!` is a macro, `x` is not moved, even using the "
|
|
#~ "function like syntax of `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Beachte, dass, da `println!` ein Makro ist, `x` nicht verschoben (moved) "
|
|
#~ "wird, selbst wenn die funktionsähnliche Syntax von `println!(\"x: {}\", x)` "
|
|
#~ "verwendet wird."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Global state is managed with static and constant variables."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Der globale Status (global state) wird mit statischen und konstanten "
|
|
#~ "Variablen verwaltet."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You can declare compile-time constants:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Du kannst Kompilierzeitkonstanten deklarieren:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You can also declare static variables:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sie können auch statische Variablen deklarieren:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will look at mutating static data in the [chapter on Unsafe Rust](../"
|
|
#~ "unsafe.md)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wir werden uns im [Kapitel über unsicheres Rust](../unsafe.md) mit "
|
|
#~ "mutierenden statischen Daten befassen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you choose, "
|
|
#~ "can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically reference "
|
|
#~ "counted."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Je nachdem, welche Abstraktion (oder Kombination von Abstraktionen) Sie "
|
|
#~ "wählen, kann es sich um einen einzelnen eindeutigen Zeiger, eine "
|
|
#~ "Referenzzählung oder eine atomare Referenzzählung handeln."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Hier ist ein grober Vergleich der Speicherverwaltungstechniken."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Vorteile verschiedener Speicherverwaltungstechniken"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Manual like C:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Handbuch wie C:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "No runtime overhead."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Kein Laufzeitaufwand."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Automatic like Java:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Automatisch wie Java:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Fully automatic."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Komplett automatisch."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Safe and correct."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sicher und korrekt."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Scope-based like C++:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Bereichsbasiert wie C++:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Partially automatic."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Teilautomatisch."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Vom Compiler erzwungener Geltungsbereich wie Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Enforced by compiler."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Vom Compiler erzwungen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Nachteile verschiedener Techniken zur Speicherverwaltung"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Use-after-free."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Use-after-free."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Double-frees."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Double-frees."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Memory leaks."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Speicherlecks."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Garbage collection pauses."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Garbage Collection pausiert."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Destructor delays."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Destruktorverzögerungen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Complex, opt-in by programmer."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Komplex, Opt-in durch Programmierer."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Potential for use-after-free."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Potenzial für die Nutzung nach dem Kostenlos."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Compiler-erzwungen und bereichsbasiert wie Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Some upfront complexity."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Etwas Komplexität im Voraus."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Can reject valid programs."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Kann gültige Programme ablehnen."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The data was _moved_ from `s1` and `s1` is no longer accessible."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Die Daten wurden von `s1` _verschoben_ und `s1` ist nicht mehr zugänglich."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "A small book library,"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Iteratoren und Besitz (schwer)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Simple struct which tracks health statistics."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Mehrere Strukturen und Aufzählungen für eine Zeichnungsbibliothek."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If you need to mutate the data inside an `Rc`, you will need to wrap the "
|
|
#~ "data in a type such as [`Cell` or `RefCell`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc."
|
|
#~ "md)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Wenn Sie die Daten innerhalb eines „Rc“ mutieren müssen, müssen Sie die "
|
|
#~ "Daten einschließen ein Typ wie [`Cell` oder `RefCell`](../concurrency/"
|
|
#~ "shared_state/arc.md). Siehe [`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/"
|
|
#~ "struct.Mutex.html), wenn Sie sich in einem Multithreading befinden Kontext."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The module content can be omitted:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Der Modulinhalt kann weggelassen werden:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The `garden` module content is found at:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Die Inhalte des Moduls „Garten“ finden Sie unter:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`src/garden.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`src/garden.rs` (moderner Rust 2018-Stil)"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`src/garden/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`src/garden/mod.rs` (älterer Rust 2015-Stil)"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "In ähnlicher Weise kann ein `garden::vegetables`\\-Modul gefunden werden "
|
|
#~ "unter:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`src/garden/vegetables.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`src/garden/vegetables.rs` (moderner Rust 2018-Stil)"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (älterer Rust 2015 Stil)"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the "
|
|
#~ "function:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und "
|
|
#~ "implementieren Sie die Funktion:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`move` closures only implement `FnOnce`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`move`\\-Closures implementieren nur `FnOnce`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "**Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label` "
|
|
#~ "comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to re-"
|
|
#~ "use parts of the solutions as the exercises."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "**Hinweis:** Bitte ignoriere `// ANCHOR: label` und `// ANCHOR_END: label` "
|
|
#~ "Kommentare, die Du in den Lösungen siehst. Sie sind da, um es zu ermöglichen "
|
|
#~ "Teile der Lösungen als Aufgaben wiederverwenden."
|