mirror of
https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust.git
synced 2024-12-15 14:27:50 +02:00
22021 lines
749 KiB
Plaintext
22021 lines
749 KiB
Plaintext
msgid ""
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msgstr ""
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"Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n"
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"POT-Creation-Date: \n"
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"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-02-07 01:09+0000\n"
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"Last-Translator: root <andrikopoulos@google.com>\n"
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"Language-Team: Greek <team@lists.gnome.gr>\n"
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"Language: el\n"
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"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:3
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msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
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msgstr "Καλώς ήρθατε στην Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:4
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msgid "Running the Course"
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msgstr "Διεξαγωγή του μαθήματος"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:5
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msgid "Course Structure"
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msgstr "Δομή Μαθήματος"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:6
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msgid "Ημέρα 4η"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:7
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msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts"
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msgstr "Συντομεύσεις πληκτρολογίου"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:8
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msgid "Translations"
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msgstr "Μεταφράσεις"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:9
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msgid "Using Cargo"
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msgstr "Χρήση Cargo"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:10
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msgid "Rust Ecosystem"
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msgstr "Rust Οικοσύστημα"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:11
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msgid "Code Samples"
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msgstr "Δείγματα κώδικα"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:12
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msgid "Running Cargo Locally"
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msgstr "Εκτέλεση Cargo τοπικά"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:15
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msgid "Day 1: Morning"
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msgstr "1η μέρα: Πρωί"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:19 src/SUMMARY.md:76 src/SUMMARY.md:129 src/SUMMARY.md:185
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:239
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msgid "Welcome"
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msgstr "Καλως Ήρθατε"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:20
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msgid "What is Rust?"
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msgstr "Τι είναι η Rust;"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:21
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msgid "Hello World!"
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msgstr "Γειά σου Κόσμε!"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:22
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msgid "Small Example"
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msgstr "Μικρό Παράδειγμα"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:23
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msgid "Why Rust?"
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msgstr "Γιατί Rust;"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:24
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msgid "Compile Time Guarantees"
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msgstr "Εγγυήσεις Χρόνου Μεταγλώττισης"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:25
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msgid "Runtime Guarantees"
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msgstr "Εγγυήσεις χρόνου εκτέλεσης"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:26
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msgid "Modern Features"
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msgstr "Σύγχρονα Χαρακτηριστικά"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:27
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msgid "Basic Syntax"
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msgstr "Βασική Σύνταξη"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:28
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msgid "Scalar Types"
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msgstr "Βαθμωτοί Τύποι"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:29
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msgid "Compound Types"
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msgstr "Σύνθετοι τύποι"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:30
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msgid "References"
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msgstr "Αναφορές"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:31
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msgid "Dangling References"
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msgstr "Κρεμασμένες αναφορές"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:32
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msgid "Slices"
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msgstr "Φέτες"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:33
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msgid "String vs str"
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msgstr "String vs str"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:34
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msgid "Functions"
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msgstr "Συναρτήσεις"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:35
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msgid "Rustdoc"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:36 src/SUMMARY.md:83
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msgid "Methods"
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msgstr "Μέθοδοι"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:37
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msgid "Overloading"
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msgstr "Υπερφόρτωση"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:38 src/SUMMARY.md:67 src/SUMMARY.md:91 src/SUMMARY.md:120
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:149 src/SUMMARY.md:177 src/SUMMARY.md:200 src/SUMMARY.md:227
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:253 src/SUMMARY.md:279
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msgid "Exercises"
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msgstr "Ασκήσεις"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:39
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msgid "Implicit Conversions"
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msgstr "Έμμεσες μετατροπές"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:40
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msgid "Arrays and for Loops"
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msgstr "Πίνακες και βρόχοι for"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:42
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msgid "Day 1: Afternoon"
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msgstr "1η μέρα: Απόγευμα"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:44
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msgid "Variables"
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msgstr "Μεταβλητές"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:45
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msgid "Type Inference"
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msgstr "Συμπερασμός Τύπων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:46
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msgid "static & const"
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msgstr "static & const"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:47
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msgid "Scopes and Shadowing"
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msgstr "Εμβέλια και σκίαση"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:48
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msgid "Memory Management"
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msgstr "Διαχείριση μνήμης"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:49
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msgid "Stack vs Heap"
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msgstr "Στοίβα και Σωρός"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:50
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msgid "Stack Memory"
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msgstr "Μνήμη στοίβας"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:51
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msgid "Manual Memory Management"
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msgstr "Χειροκίνητη διαχείριση μνήμης"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:52
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msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management"
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msgstr "Διαχείριση μνήμης βάσει εμβέλιας"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:53
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msgid "Garbage Collection"
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msgstr "Συλλογή σκουπιδιών"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:54
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msgid "Rust Memory Management"
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msgstr "Διαχείριση μνήμης στη Rust"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:55
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msgid "Comparison"
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msgstr "Σύγκριση"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:56
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msgid "Ownership"
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msgstr "Ιδιοκτησία"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:57
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msgid "Move Semantics"
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msgstr "Σημασιολογία μετακίνησης"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:58
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msgid "Moved Strings in Rust"
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msgstr "Μετακινημένες συμβολοσειρές στη Rust"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:59
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msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++"
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msgstr "Διπλές απελευθερώσεις μνήμης στη σύγχρονη C++"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:60
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msgid "Moves in Function Calls"
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msgstr "Μετακινήσεις σε κλήσεις συναρτήσεων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:61
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msgid "Copying and Cloning"
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msgstr "Αντιγραφή και κλωνοποίηση"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:62
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msgid "Borrowing"
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msgstr "Δανεισμός"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:63
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msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows"
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msgstr "Κοινόχρηστα και μοναδικά δάνεια"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:64
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msgid "Lifetimes"
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msgstr "Διάρκειες"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:65
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msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls"
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msgstr "Διάρκειες σε κλήσεις συναρτήσεων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:66
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msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures"
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msgstr "Διάρκειες ζωής σε δομές δεδομένων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:68
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msgid "Designing a Library"
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msgstr "Σχεδιασμός Βιβλιοθηκών"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:69
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msgid "Iterators and Ownership"
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msgstr "Iterators και ιδιοκτησία"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:72
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msgid "Day 2: Morning"
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msgstr "2η μέρα: Πρωί"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:77
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msgid "Structs"
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msgstr "Δομές"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:78
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msgid "Tuple Structs"
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msgstr "Δομές Τούπλας"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:79
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msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax"
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msgstr "Συντομευμένο συντακτικό πεδίων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:80
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msgid "Enums"
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msgstr "Απαριθμήσεις"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:81
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msgid "Variant Payloads"
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msgstr "Περιεχόμενο Παραλλαγών"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:82
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msgid "Enum Sizes"
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msgstr "Μέγεθος Απαριθμήσεων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:84
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msgid "Method Receiver"
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msgstr "Δέκτης Μεθόδων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:85 src/SUMMARY.md:160 src/SUMMARY.md:195
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msgid "Example"
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msgstr "Παράδειγμα"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:86
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msgid "Pattern Matching"
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msgstr "Αντιστοίχιση προτύπων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:87
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msgid "Destructuring Enums"
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msgstr "Αποδόμηση Απαριθμήσεων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:88
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msgid "Destructuring Structs"
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msgstr "Αποδόμηση Δομών"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:89
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msgid "Destructuring Arrays"
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msgstr "Αποδόμηση Πινάκων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:90
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msgid "Match Guards"
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msgstr "Φύλακες Αντιστοιχίσεων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:92
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msgid "Health Statistics"
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msgstr "Στατιστικά Υγείας"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:93
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msgid "Points and Polygons"
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msgstr "Σημεία και Πολύγωνα"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:95
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msgid "Day 2: Afternoon"
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msgstr "2η μέρα: Απόγευμα"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:97
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msgid "Control Flow"
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msgstr "Ροή ελέγχου"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:98
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msgid "Blocks"
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msgstr "Μπλοκ"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:99
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msgid "if expressions"
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msgstr "Eκφράσεις if"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:100
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msgid "if let expressions"
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msgstr "Εκφράσεις if let"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:101
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msgid "while expressions"
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msgstr "Εκφράσεις while"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:102
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msgid "while let expressions"
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msgstr "Εκφράσεις while let"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:103
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msgid "for expressions"
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msgstr "Εκφράσεις for"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:104
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msgid "loop expressions"
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msgstr "Εκφράσεις loop"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:105
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msgid "match expressions"
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msgstr "Εκφράσεις match"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:106
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msgid "break & continue"
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msgstr "break & continue"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:107
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msgid "Standard Library"
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msgstr "Στάνταρ Βιβλιοθήκη"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:108
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msgid "Option and Result"
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msgstr "Option και Result"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:109
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msgid "String"
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msgstr "Συμβολοσειρές"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:110
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msgid "Vec"
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msgstr "Vec"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:111
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msgid "HashMap"
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msgstr "HashMap"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:112
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msgid "Box"
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msgstr "Box"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:113
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msgid "Recursive Data Types"
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msgstr "Αναδρομικοί τύποι δεδομένων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:114
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msgid "Niche Optimization"
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msgstr "Εξειδικευμένη Βελτιστοποίηση"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:115
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msgid "Rc"
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msgstr "Rc"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:116
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msgid "Modules"
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msgstr "Δομικές Μονάδες"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:117
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msgid "Visibility"
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msgstr "Ορατότητα"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:118
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msgid "Paths"
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msgstr "Μονοπάτια"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:119
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msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy"
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msgstr "Ιεραρχία συστήματος αρχείων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:121
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msgid "Luhn Algorithm"
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msgstr "Αλγόριθμος Luhn"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:122
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msgid "Strings and Iterators"
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msgstr "Συμβολοσειρές και Επαναλήπτες"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:125
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msgid "Day 3: Morning"
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msgstr "3η μέρα: Πρωί"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:130
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msgid "Traits"
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msgstr "Χαρακτηριστικά"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:131
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msgid "Deriving Traits"
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msgstr "Εξάγωντας χαρακτηριστικά"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:132
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msgid "Default Methods"
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msgstr "Προ-υλοποιημένες μέθοδοι"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:133
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msgid "Important Traits"
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msgstr "Σημαντικά Χαρακτηριστικά"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:134
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msgid "Iterator"
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msgstr "Iterator"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:135
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msgid "FromIterator"
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msgstr "FromIterator"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:136
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msgid "From and Into"
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msgstr "From και Into"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:137
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msgid "Read and Write"
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msgstr "Read και Write"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:138
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msgid "Add, Mul, ..."
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msgstr "Add, Mul, ..."
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:139
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msgid "Drop"
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msgstr "Drop"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:140
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msgid "Default"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:141
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msgid "Generics"
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msgstr "Γενικευσεις"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:142
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msgid "Generic Data Types"
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msgstr "Γενικοί τύποι δεδομένων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:143
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msgid "Generic Methods"
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msgstr "Γενικές Μέθοδοι"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:144
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msgid "Trait Bounds"
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msgstr "Περιορισμοί χαρακτηριστικών"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:145
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msgid "impl Trait"
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msgstr "impl Trait"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:146
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msgid "Closures"
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msgstr "Κλεισίματα"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:147
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msgid "Monomorphization"
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msgstr "Μονομορφοποίηση"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:148
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msgid "Trait Objects"
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msgstr "Αντικείμενα Χαρακτηριστικών"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:150
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msgid "A Simple GUI Library"
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msgstr "Μια απλή βιβλιοθήκη GUI"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:152
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msgid "Day 3: Afternoon"
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msgstr "3η μέρα: Απόγευμα"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:154
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msgid "Error Handling"
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msgstr "Χειρισμός σφαλμάτων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:155
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msgid "Panics"
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msgstr "Πανικοί"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:156
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msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding"
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msgstr "Πιάνοντας ξετυλίγματα στοίβας"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:157
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msgid "Structured Error Handling"
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msgstr "Δομημένη διαχείριση σφαλμάτων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:158
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msgid "Propagating Errors with ?"
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msgstr "Διάδοση σφαλμάτων με ?"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:159
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msgid "Converting Error Types"
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msgstr "Μετατροπή τύπων σφαλμάτων"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:161
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msgid "Deriving Error Enums"
|
|
msgstr "Εξαγωγή απαριθμήσεων σφαλμάτων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:162
|
|
msgid "Dynamic Error Types"
|
|
msgstr "Δυναμικοί τύποι σφαλμάτων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:163
|
|
msgid "Adding Context to Errors"
|
|
msgstr "Προσθήκη περιεχομένου στα σφάλματα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:164
|
|
msgid "Testing"
|
|
msgstr "Τεστ"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:165
|
|
msgid "Unit Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Τεστ μονάδων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:166
|
|
msgid "Test Modules"
|
|
msgstr "Δομικές μονάδες τεστ"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:167
|
|
msgid "Documentation Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Τεστ τεκμηρίωσης"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:168
|
|
msgid "Integration Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Τεστ ενσωμάτωσης"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:169
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Μη ασφαλής Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:170
|
|
msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers"
|
|
msgstr "Αποαναφορά δεικτών"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:171
|
|
msgid "Mutable Static Variables"
|
|
msgstr "Μεταβλητές στατικές μεταβλητές"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:172
|
|
msgid "Unions"
|
|
msgstr "Σωματεία"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:173
|
|
msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Κλήση μη ασφαλών συναρτήσεων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:174
|
|
msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Υλοποίηση μη ασφαλών συναρτήσεων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:175
|
|
msgid "Extern Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Εξωτερικές Συναρτήσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:176
|
|
msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Υλοποίηση μη ασφαλών χαρακτηριστικών"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:178
|
|
msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper"
|
|
msgstr "Ασφαλές περιτύλιγμα FFI"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:181
|
|
msgid "Day 4: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "4η μέρα: Πρωί"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:186
|
|
msgid "Concurrency"
|
|
msgstr "Συγχρονισμός"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:187
|
|
msgid "Threads"
|
|
msgstr "Νήματα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:188
|
|
msgid "Scoped Threads"
|
|
msgstr "Νήματα με εμβέλεια"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:189
|
|
msgid "Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Κανάλια"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:190
|
|
msgid "Unbounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Κανάλια χωρίς Όρια"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:191
|
|
msgid "Bounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Κανάλια με Όρια"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:192
|
|
msgid "Shared State"
|
|
msgstr "Κοινόχρηστα Δεδομένα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:193
|
|
msgid "Arc"
|
|
msgstr "Arc"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:194
|
|
msgid "Mutex"
|
|
msgstr "Mutex"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:196
|
|
msgid "Send and Sync"
|
|
msgstr "Send και Sync"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:196
|
|
msgid "Send"
|
|
msgstr "Send"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:196
|
|
msgid "Sync"
|
|
msgstr "Sync"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:199
|
|
msgid "Examples"
|
|
msgstr "Παραδείγματα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:201
|
|
msgid "Dining Philosophers"
|
|
msgstr "Δείπνο με φιλόσοφους"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:202
|
|
msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker"
|
|
msgstr "Έλεγχος συνδέσμων πολλαπλών νημάτων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:204
|
|
msgid "Day 4: Afternoon (Android)"
|
|
msgstr "4η μέρα: Απόγευμα (Android)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:204 src/SUMMARY.md:277
|
|
msgid "Android"
|
|
msgstr "Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:209
|
|
msgid "Setup"
|
|
msgstr "Προετοιμασία"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:210
|
|
msgid "Build Rules"
|
|
msgstr "Κανόνες Κατασκευής"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:211
|
|
msgid "Binary"
|
|
msgstr "Εκτελέσιμα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:212
|
|
msgid "Library"
|
|
msgstr "Βιβλιοθήκες"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:213
|
|
msgid "AIDL"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:214
|
|
msgid "Interface"
|
|
msgstr "Διεπαφές"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:215
|
|
msgid "Implementation"
|
|
msgstr "Υλοποίηση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:216
|
|
msgid "Server"
|
|
msgstr "Εξυπηρετητής"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:217
|
|
msgid "Deploy"
|
|
msgstr "Deploy"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:218
|
|
msgid "Client"
|
|
msgstr "Πελάτης"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:219
|
|
msgid "Changing API"
|
|
msgstr "Αλλαγή API"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:220 src/SUMMARY.md:268
|
|
msgid "Logging"
|
|
msgstr "Καταγραφή"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:221
|
|
msgid "Interoperability"
|
|
msgstr "Διαλειτουργικότητα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:222
|
|
msgid "With C"
|
|
msgstr "Με C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:223
|
|
msgid "Calling C with Bindgen"
|
|
msgstr "Καλώντας C με Bindgen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:224
|
|
msgid "Calling Rust from C"
|
|
msgstr "Καλώντας Rust από C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:225
|
|
msgid "With C++"
|
|
msgstr "Με C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:226
|
|
msgid "With Java"
|
|
msgstr "Με Java"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:229
|
|
msgid "Final Words"
|
|
msgstr "Κλείσιμο"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:231
|
|
msgid "Thanks!"
|
|
msgstr "Ευχαριστήρια"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:232
|
|
msgid "Other Resources"
|
|
msgstr "Επιπλέον Υλικό"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:233
|
|
msgid "Credits"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:237
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Rust χωρίς λειτουργικό σύστημα: Πρωί;"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:240
|
|
msgid "no_std"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:241
|
|
msgid "A Minimal Example"
|
|
msgstr "# Μικρό Παράδειγμα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:242
|
|
msgid "alloc"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:243
|
|
msgid "Microcontrollers"
|
|
msgstr "Μικροεπεξεργαστές"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:244
|
|
msgid "Raw MMIO"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:245
|
|
msgid "PACs"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:246
|
|
msgid "HAL Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:247
|
|
msgid "Board Support Crates"
|
|
msgstr "Crates υποστήριξης πλακετών"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:248
|
|
msgid "The Type State Pattern"
|
|
msgstr "Το μοτίβο Τύπου Κατάστασης"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:249
|
|
msgid "embedded-hal"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:250
|
|
msgid "probe-rs, cargo-embed"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:251
|
|
msgid "Debugging"
|
|
msgstr "Αποσφαλμάτωση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:252 src/SUMMARY.md:270
|
|
msgid "Other Projects"
|
|
msgstr "Επιπλέον Projects"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:254
|
|
msgid "Compass"
|
|
msgstr "Πυξίδα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:256
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Rust χωρίς λειτουργικό σύστημα: Απόγευμα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:258
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Application Processors"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:259
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Inline Assembly"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:260
|
|
msgid "MMIO"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:261
|
|
msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Ας γράψουμε έναν οδηγό UART"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:262
|
|
msgid "More Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Επιπλέον Χαρακτηριστικά"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:263
|
|
msgid "A Better UART Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Ένας καλύτερος οδηγός UART"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:264
|
|
msgid "Bitflags"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:265
|
|
msgid "Multiple Registers"
|
|
msgstr "Πολλαπλοί καταχωρητές"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:266
|
|
msgid "Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Οδηγός"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:267 src/SUMMARY.md:269
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Using It"
|
|
msgstr "Χρήση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:271
|
|
msgid "Useful Crates"
|
|
msgstr "Χρήσιμα Crates"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:272
|
|
msgid "zerocopy"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:273
|
|
msgid "aarch64-paging"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:274
|
|
msgid "buddy_system_allocator"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:275
|
|
msgid "tinyvec"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:276
|
|
msgid "spin"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:278
|
|
msgid "vmbase"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:280
|
|
msgid "RTC Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Οδηγός RTC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:284
|
|
msgid "Solutions"
|
|
msgstr "Λύσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:289
|
|
msgid "Day 1 Morning"
|
|
msgstr "1η ημέρα Πρωί"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:290
|
|
msgid "Day 1 Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "1η μέρα Απόγευμα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:291
|
|
msgid "Day 2 Morning"
|
|
msgstr "2η ημέρα Πρωί"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:292
|
|
msgid "Day 2 Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "2η μέρα Απόγευμα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:293
|
|
msgid "Day 3 Morning"
|
|
msgstr "3η ημέρα Πρωί"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:294
|
|
msgid "Day 3 Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "3η μέρα Απόγευμα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:295
|
|
msgid "Day 4 Morning"
|
|
msgstr "4η ημέρα Πρωί"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:296
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Rust χωρίς λειτουργικό σύστημα: Πρωί"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:297
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Rust χωρίς λειτουργικό σύστημα Απόγευμα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
msgstr "# Καλώς ήρθατε στην Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:3
|
|
msgid "Build workflow"
|
|
msgstr "Ροή εργασίας κατασκευής"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml)\n"
|
|
"[![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:4
|
|
msgid "GitHub contributors"
|
|
msgstr "Συνεργάτες GitHub"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:4
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors)\n"
|
|
"[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
|
|
"stargazers)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:5
|
|
msgid "GitHub stars"
|
|
msgstr "Αστέρια GitHub"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
|
|
"stargazers)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a four day Rust course developed by the Android team. The course "
|
|
"covers\n"
|
|
"the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced topics like "
|
|
"generics\n"
|
|
"and error handling. It also includes Android-specific content on the last "
|
|
"day."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτό είναι ένα τετραήμερο μάθημα Rust που αναπτύχθηκε από την ομάδα Android. "
|
|
"Το μάθημα καλύπτει\n"
|
|
"το πλήρες φάσμα της Rust, από τη βασική σύνταξη έως τα προηγμένα θέματα όπως "
|
|
"οι γενικευμένοι τύποι\n"
|
|
"και διαχείριση σφαλμάτων. Περιλαμβάνει επίσης περιεχόμενο ειδικά για Android "
|
|
"την τελευταία ημέρα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know "
|
|
"anything\n"
|
|
"about Rust and hope to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ο στόχος του μαθήματος είναι να σας διδάξει τη γλώσσα Rust. Υποθέτουμε ότι "
|
|
"δεν ξέρετε τίποτα\n"
|
|
"σχετικά με τη Rust και ελπίζουμε να:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language.\n"
|
|
"* Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust.\n"
|
|
"* Show you common Rust idioms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Σας δώσουμε μια ολοκληρωμένη κατανόηση της σύνταξης και της γλώσσας Rust.\n"
|
|
"* Σας καταστήσουμε ικανούς να τροποποιείτε υπάρχοντα προγράμματα και να "
|
|
"γράφετε νέα προγράμματα με τη Rust.\n"
|
|
"* Σας δείξουμε τους συνήθεις ιδιωματισμούς της Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:18
|
|
msgid "On Day 4, we will cover Android-specific things such as:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Την 4η Ημέρα, θα καλύψουμε πράγματα που αφορούν συγκεκριμένα το Android, "
|
|
"όπως:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Building Android components in Rust.\n"
|
|
"* AIDL servers and clients.\n"
|
|
"* Interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Δημιουργία Android components με Rust.\n"
|
|
"* Εξυπηρετητές και πελάτες AIDL.\n"
|
|
"* Διαλειτουργικότητα με C, C++ και Java."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is important to note that this course does not cover Android "
|
|
"**application** \n"
|
|
"development in Rust, and that the Android-specific parts are specifically "
|
|
"about\n"
|
|
"writing code for Android itself, the operating system. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Είναι σημαντικό να σημειωθεί ότι αυτό το μάθημα δεν καλύπτει την "
|
|
"ανάπτυξη**εφαρμογών** Android\n"
|
|
"σε Rust. Το κομμάτι του μαθήματος που αφορά τοAndroid\n"
|
|
"έχει να κάνει με ανάπτυξη κώδικα για το ίδιο το Android, ως λειτουργικό "
|
|
"σύστημα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:28
|
|
msgid "## Non-Goals"
|
|
msgstr "## Μη-Στόχοι"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few "
|
|
"days.\n"
|
|
"Some non-goals of this course are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η Rust είναι μια μεγάλη γλώσσα και δεν θα μπορούμε να την καλύψουμε όλη σε "
|
|
"λίγες μέρες.\n"
|
|
"Μερικοί μη-στόχοι αυτού του μαθήματος είναι:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Learn how to use async Rust --- we'll only mention async Rust when\n"
|
|
" covering traditional concurrency primitives. Please see [Asynchronous\n"
|
|
" Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) instead for\n"
|
|
" details on this topic.\n"
|
|
"* Learn how to develop macros, please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust\n"
|
|
" Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by\n"
|
|
" Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Χρήση async Rust --- θα αναφέρουμε στην async Rust μόνο όταν\n"
|
|
" καλύψουμε τα παραδοσιακά δομικά στοιχεία συγχρονισμού. Δείτε και "
|
|
"[Ασύγχρονος\n"
|
|
" Προγραμματισμός σε Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) για\n"
|
|
" λεπτομέρειες για αυτό το θέμα.\n"
|
|
"* Ανάπτυξη μακροεντολών, ανατρέξτε στο [Κεφάλαιο 19.5 στο Rust\n"
|
|
" Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) και [Rust by\n"
|
|
" Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) αντ' αυτού."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:41
|
|
msgid "## Assumptions"
|
|
msgstr "## Υποθέσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a "
|
|
"statically\n"
|
|
"typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and C++ to "
|
|
"better\n"
|
|
"explain or contrast the Rust approach."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το μάθημα προϋποθέτει ότι γνωρίζετε ήδη πώς να προγραμματίζετε. Η Rust είναι "
|
|
"γλώσσα με στατικό\n"
|
|
"σύτημα τύπων και μερικές φορές θα κάνουμε συγκρίσεις με C και C++ για "
|
|
"καλύτερη\n"
|
|
"κατανόηση της προσέγγισης της Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you know how to program in a dynamically typed language such as Python "
|
|
"or\n"
|
|
"JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν γνωρίζετε πώς να προγραμματίζετε σε μια γλώσσα με δυναμικό σύστημα τύπων "
|
|
"όπως Python ή\n"
|
|
"JavaScript, τότε θα μπορέσετε να ακολουθήσετε άνεση."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:50 src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:19
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:22 src/cargo/running-locally.md:68
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:14 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:19
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:20 src/hello-world/small-example.md:21 src/why-rust.md:9
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:14 src/why-rust/runtime.md:8
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:19 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:28
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:18 src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:25
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:33 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:22
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:25 src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:9
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:90 src/basic-syntax/variables.md:15
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:24
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:46
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:23 src/memory-management/stack.md:26
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:12 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:20
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:18 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:33
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:25 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:23
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:27
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:23
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:9 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:102
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:35 src/structs/field-shorthand.md:25
|
|
#: src/enums.md:31 src/enums/variant-payloads.md:33 src/enums/sizes.md:27
|
|
#: src/methods.md:28 src/methods/receiver.md:23 src/methods/example.md:44
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:23 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:33
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:21
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:19
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:20 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:9
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:115 src/control-flow/blocks.md:40
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:29
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:19
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:25
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:22
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:23
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:25 src/std.md:23
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:16 src/std/string.md:28 src/std/vec.md:35
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:36 src/std/box.md:32 src/std/box-recursive.md:31
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:29 src/modules.md:26 src/modules/visibility.md:37
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:38 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:5
|
|
#: src/traits.md:41 src/traits/iterator.md:30 src/traits/from-iterator.md:15
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:27 src/traits/operators.md:24 src/traits/drop.md:32
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:38 src/generics/methods.md:23
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:33 src/generics/impl-trait.md:21
|
|
#: src/generics/closures.md:23 src/generics/trait-objects.md:88
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:5 src/error-handling/result.md:25
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:48
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:48
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:37
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:34
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:33 src/unsafe.md:26
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:24 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:30
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:19 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:31
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:19 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:28
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:5 src/welcome-day-4.md:6
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:28 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:35
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:25 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:27
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:29
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:21 src/concurrency/send-sync.md:18
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:12 src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:10
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:81
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/android.md:10 src/bare-metal/minimal.md:15
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:36 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:23
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:62
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:47
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:37
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:26
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:30
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:17
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:14
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:25
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:16
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:5 src/bare-metal/aps.md:7
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:41 src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:7
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:22 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:24
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:35
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:39
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:62
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:47 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:48
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:43
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:43
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:26
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:24
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:21
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:21 src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:19
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "<details>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional\n"
|
|
"information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor "
|
|
"should\n"
|
|
"cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτό είναι ένα παράδειγμα _σημειώσεων ομιλητή_. Θα τις χρησιμοποιήσουμε για "
|
|
"να προσθέτουμε επιπλέον\n"
|
|
"πληροφορίες στις διαφάνειες. Αυτές θα μπορούσαν να είναι βασικά σημεία που "
|
|
"θα πρέπει να καλύψει ο εκπαιδευτής \n"
|
|
"καθώς και απαντήσεις σε συχνές ερωτήσεις που προκύπτουν στην τάξη."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:56 src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:67
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:35 src/cargo/running-locally.md:74
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:42 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:29
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:40 src/hello-world/small-example.md:44 src/why-rust.md:24
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:35 src/why-rust/runtime.md:22
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:66 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:62
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:28 src/basic-syntax/slices.md:36
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:44 src/basic-syntax/functions.md:54
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:33 src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:28
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:95 src/basic-syntax/variables.md:20
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:48
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:52
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:39 src/memory-management/stack.md:49
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:18 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:26
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:26 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:51
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:51 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:29
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:60
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:30
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:15 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:106
|
|
#: src/structs.md:41 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:43
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:72 src/enums.md:41
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:45 src/enums/sizes.md:155 src/methods.md:41
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:29 src/methods/example.md:53
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:35 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:39
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:25
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:46
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:28 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:15
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:125 src/control-flow/blocks.md:46
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:33
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:26
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:30
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:29
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:27
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:32 src/std.md:31
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:25 src/std/string.md:40 src/std/vec.md:49
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:66 src/std/box.md:39 src/std/box-recursive.md:41
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:69 src/modules.md:32 src/modules/visibility.md:48
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:67 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:11
|
|
#: src/traits.md:47 src/traits/iterator.md:42 src/traits/from-iterator.md:26
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:33 src/traits/operators.md:38 src/traits/drop.md:42
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:47 src/generics/methods.md:31
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:50 src/generics/impl-trait.md:44
|
|
#: src/generics/closures.md:38 src/generics/trait-objects.md:102
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:11 src/error-handling/result.md:33
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:55
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:60
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:45
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:41
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:42 src/unsafe.md:32
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:42 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:35
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:28 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:38
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:28 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:37
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:11 src/welcome-day-4.md:11
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:45 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:40
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:32 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:38
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:45
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:56 src/concurrency/send-sync.md:23
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:18 src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:16
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:86
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/android.md:15 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:65
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:26 src/bare-metal/alloc.md:47
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:29
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:72
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:65
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:49
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:40
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:43
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:23
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:29
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:38
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:26
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:11 src/bare-metal/aps.md:15
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:51 src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:17
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:27 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:28
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:40
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:46
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:67
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:51 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:52
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:48
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:51
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:32
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:28
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:25
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:29 src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:25
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:11
|
|
msgid "</details>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Running the Course"
|
|
msgstr "# Διεξαγωγή του μαθήματος"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:3 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:3
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:3
|
|
msgid "> This page is for the course instructor."
|
|
msgstr "> Αυτή η σελίδα είναι για τον εκπαιδευτή του μαθήματος."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the "
|
|
"course\n"
|
|
"internally at Google."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ακολουθούν ορισμένες βασικές πληροφορίες σχετικά με τον τρόπο λειτουργίας "
|
|
"του μαθήματος\n"
|
|
"εσωτερικά στην Google."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:8
|
|
msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:"
|
|
msgstr "Για να διεξάξετε το μάθημα, πρέπει:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"1. Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker "
|
|
"notes\n"
|
|
" to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more "
|
|
"speaker\n"
|
|
" notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker notes "
|
|
"in a\n"
|
|
" popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker Notes\"). "
|
|
"This way\n"
|
|
" you have a clean screen to present to the class.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1. Select your topic for the afternoon of the fourth day. This may be based "
|
|
"on\n"
|
|
" the audience you expect, or on your own expertise.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1. Decide on the dates. Since the course is large, we recommend that you\n"
|
|
" schedule the four days over two weeks. Course participants have said "
|
|
"that\n"
|
|
" they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" all the information we give them.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1. Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a\n"
|
|
" class size of 15-20 people. That's small enough that people are "
|
|
"comfortable\n"
|
|
" asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will "
|
|
"have\n"
|
|
" time to answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself "
|
|
"and for the\n"
|
|
" students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your "
|
|
"laptops.\n"
|
|
" In particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an instructor, "
|
|
"so a lectern won't\n"
|
|
" be very helpful for you.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1. On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set "
|
|
"things\n"
|
|
" up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on "
|
|
"your\n"
|
|
" laptop (see the [installation instructions][3]). This ensures optimal "
|
|
"performance with no lag as you change pages.\n"
|
|
" Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as you or the course\n"
|
|
" participants spot them.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1. Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. Make "
|
|
"sure to\n"
|
|
" ask people if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. "
|
|
"When\n"
|
|
" you see that several people have the same problem, call it out to the "
|
|
"class\n"
|
|
" and offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant\n"
|
|
" information in the standard library.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1. Prepare anything you need to have available for the afternoon of day 4."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" 1. Εξοικειωθείτε με το υλικό του μαθήματος. Έχουμε συμπεριλάβει σημειώσεις "
|
|
"ομιλητών για να τονίσουμε τα βασικά σημεία (παρακαλούμε βοηθήστε μας "
|
|
"συνεισφέροντας περισσότερες σημειώσεις ομιλητή!). Κατά την παρουσίαση, θα "
|
|
"πρέπει να βεβαιωθείτε ότι ανοίγετε τις σημειώσεις του ομιλητή σε ένα "
|
|
"αναδυόμενο παράθυρο (κάντε κλικ στο σύνδεσμο με ένα μικρό βέλος δίπλα "
|
|
"στο \"Speaker Notes\"). Με αυτόν τον τρόπο έχετε μια καθαρή οθόνη για να "
|
|
"παρουσιάσετε στην τάξη.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" 1. Επιλέξτε το θέμα σας για το απόγευμα της τέταρτης ημέρας. Αυτό "
|
|
"μπορεί να βασίζεται στο κοινό που περιμένετε ή στη δική σας εμπειρία.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" 1. Αποφασίστε για τις ημερομηνίες. Επειδή το μάθημα είναι μεγάλο, σας "
|
|
"συνιστούμε να προγραμματίσετε τις τέσσερις ημέρες σε δύο εβδομάδες. Οι "
|
|
"προηγούμενοι συμμετέχοντες στο μάθημα θεωρούν χρήσιμο να υπάρχει ένα κενό στο "
|
|
"μάθημα, καθώς τους βοηθά να επεξεργάζονται όλες τις πληροφορίες που τους "
|
|
"δίνουμε.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" 1. Βρείτε ένα δωμάτιο αρκετά μεγάλο για όλους τους "
|
|
"συμμετέχοντες. Προτείνουμε μέγεθος τάξης 15-20 ατόμων. Είναι αρκετά μικρό "
|
|
"ώστε οι άνθρωποι να αισθάνονται άνετα να κάνουν ερωτήσεις - είναι επίσης "
|
|
"αρκετά μικρό ώστε ένας εκπαιδευτής να έχει χρόνο να απαντήσει. "
|
|
"Βεβαιωθείτε ότι το δωμάτιο έχει θρανία για εσάς και τους μαθητές: "
|
|
"όλοι θα πρέπει να μπορείτε να καθίσετε και να εργάζεστε με τους φορητούς "
|
|
"υπολογιστές σας. Συγκεκριμένα, θα γράψετε πολύ κώδικα ζωντανά ως "
|
|
"εκπαιδευτής, επομένως ένα αναλόγιο δεν θα σας βοηθήσει πολύ.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" 1. Την ημέρα του μαθήματος, εμφανιστείτε στην αίθουσα νωρίς για "
|
|
"να ρυθμίσετε τα πράγματα. Συνιστούμε την απευθείας παρουσίαση "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιώντας την υπηρεσία mdbook που εκτελείται στον φορητό υπολογιστή "
|
|
"σας (δείτε τις οδηγίες εγκατάστασης). Αυτό εξασφαλίζει βέλτιστη απόδοση "
|
|
"χωρίς καθυστέρηση καθώς αλλάζετε σελίδες. Η χρήση του φορητού υπολογιστή "
|
|
"σας θα σας επιτρέψει επίσης να διορθώσετε τυπογραφικά λάθη καθώς τα "
|
|
"εντοπίζετε εσείς ή οι συμμετέχοντες στο μάθημα.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" 1. Αφήστε τους μαθητές να λύσουν τις ασκήσεις μόνοι τους ή σε μικρές "
|
|
"ομάδες. Βεβαιωθείτε ότι τους ρωτάτε εάν έχουν κολλήσει ή εάν "
|
|
"υπάρχει κάτι με το οποίο μπορείτε να βοηθήσετε. Όταν δείτε ότι πολλά άτομα "
|
|
"έχουν το ίδιο πρόβλημα, αναφέρετέ το στην τάξη και προσφέρετε μια λύση, π.χ., "
|
|
"δείχνοντας στους μαθητές πού να βρουν τις σχετικές πληροφορίες στην τυπική "
|
|
"βιβλιοθήκη.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" 1. Ετοιμάστε οτιδήποτε χρειάζεστε για το απόγευμα της 4ης ημέρας."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun "
|
|
"for\n"
|
|
"you as it has been for us!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτό ήταν! Καλή επιτυχία στη διεξαγωγή του μαθήματος! Ελπίζουμε ότι θα είναι "
|
|
"τόσο διασκεδαστικό για εσάς όπως ήταν και για εμάς!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please [provide feedback][1] afterwards so that we can keep improving the\n"
|
|
"course. We would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made\n"
|
|
"better. Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback][2]!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Παρακαλούμε [παρέχετε σχόλια][1] μετά το μάθημα, ώστε να συνεχίσουμε να "
|
|
"βελτιώνουμε το υλικό. Θα θέλαμε να ακούσουμε τι πήγε καλά για εσάς και τι "
|
|
"μπορεί να γίνει\n"
|
|
"καλύτερα. Οι μαθητές σας είναι επίσης πολύ ευπρόσδεκτοι να [μας στείλουν "
|
|
"σχόλια][2]!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Course Structure"
|
|
msgstr "# Δομή μαθήματος"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:5
|
|
msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:"
|
|
msgstr "Το μάθημα έχει γρήγορο ρυθμό και καλύπτει:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker.\n"
|
|
"* Day 2: Compound data types, pattern matching, the standard library.\n"
|
|
"* Day 3: Traits and generics, error handling, testing, unsafe Rust.\n"
|
|
"* Day 4: Concurrency in Rust and seeing Rust in action."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Ημέρα 1: Βασική Rust, ιδιοκτησία και ο έλεγχος δανείων.\n"
|
|
"* Ημέρα 2: Σύνθετοι τύποι δεδομένων, ταίριασμα προτύπων, τυπική βιβλιοθήκη.\n"
|
|
"* Ημέρα 3: Χαρακτηριστικά και γενικοί τύποι, χειρισμός σφαλμάτων, τεστ, μη "
|
|
"ασφαλής Rust.\n"
|
|
"* Ημέρα 4: Συγχρονισμός στη Rust. Rust στην πράξη."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:12
|
|
msgid "## Format"
|
|
msgstr "## Μορφή"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the\n"
|
|
"questions drive the exploration of Rust!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το μάθημα σχεδιάστηκε να είναι διαδραστικό και συνιστούμε να αφήσετε τις "
|
|
"ερωτήσεις να οδηγήσουν την κουβέντα γύρω από τη Rust!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Day 4"
|
|
msgstr "Ημέρα 4η"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The afternoon of the fourth day should cover a topic of your choice. "
|
|
"Include\n"
|
|
"the topic in the announcement of the course, so that participants know what "
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
"expect."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το απόγευμα της τέταρτης ημέρας μπορεί να καλύψει ένα θέμα της"
|
|
"αρεσκείας σας.\n"
|
|
"Σημειώστε το θέμα που επιλέξατε στην ανακοίνωση του μαθήματος ώστε οι"
|
|
"συμμετέχοντες να ξέρουν τι να περιμένουν."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This phase of the course is a chance for participants to see Rust in action "
|
|
"on a\n"
|
|
"codebase they might be familiar with. You can choose from the topics "
|
|
"already\n"
|
|
"defined here, or plan your own."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτή η φάση του μαθήματος είναι μια ευκαιρία για τους συμμετέχοντες "
|
|
"να δουν τη Rust στην πράξη, σε ένα πρότζεκτ με το οποίο μπορεί να είναι ήδη "
|
|
"εξοικειωμένοι. Μπορείτε να διαλέξετε θέματα που έχουμε ήδη προετοιμάσει, "
|
|
"ή κάτι δικό σας."
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:13
|
|
msgid "Some topics need additional preparation:"
|
|
msgstr "Κάποια θέματα απαιτούν επιπλέον προετοιμασία."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:15
|
|
msgid "## Android"
|
|
msgstr "## Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you chose Android for Day 4 afternoon, you will need an [AOSP checkout]"
|
|
"[1].\n"
|
|
"Make a checkout of the [course repository][2] on the same machine and move "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
"`src/android/` directory into the root of your AOSP checkout. This will "
|
|
"ensure\n"
|
|
"that the Android build system sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν δεν επιλέξετε τo κομμάτι του Android την 4η Ημέρα, θα χρειαστείτε "
|
|
"ένα [AOSP\n"
|
|
" checkout][1]. Δημιουργήστε ένα checkout από το [αποθετήριο του μαθήματος]"
|
|
"[2] στον ίδιο\n"
|
|
" υπολογιστή και μετακινήστε τον κατάλογο `src/android/` στη ρίζα του AOSP "
|
|
"checkout σας.\n"
|
|
" Αυτό θα διασφαλίσει ότι το build system του Android βλέπει τα\n"
|
|
" Αρχεία `Android.bp` κάτω από τον φάκελο `src/android/`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/day-4.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-"
|
|
"build\n"
|
|
"all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to "
|
|
"see\n"
|
|
"the commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" Βεβαιωθείτε ότι το \"adb sync\" λειτουργεί με τον εξομοιωτή ή την συσκευή "
|
|
"σας και χτίστε όλα τα παραδείγματα του Android χρησιμοποιώντας το `src/"
|
|
"android/build_all.sh`. Διαβάστε το script για να δείτε\n"
|
|
" τις εντολές που εκτελεί και βεβαιωθείτε ότι λειτουργούν όταν τις "
|
|
"εκτελείτε με το χέρι."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Keyboard Shortcuts"
|
|
msgstr "# Συντομεύσεις πληκτρολογίου"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:3
|
|
msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:"
|
|
msgstr "Υπάρχουν πολλές χρήσιμες συντομεύσεις πληκτρολογίου στο mdBook:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* <kbd>Arrow-Left</kbd>: Navigate to the previous page.\n"
|
|
"* <kbd>Arrow-Right</kbd>: Navigate to the next page.\n"
|
|
"* <kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd>: Execute the code sample that has focus.\n"
|
|
"* <kbd>s</kbd>: Activate the search bar."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* <kbd>Βέλος-Αριστερά</kbd>: Μεταβείτε στην προηγούμενη σελίδα.\n"
|
|
"* <kbd>Βέλος-Δεξιά</kbd>: Μεταβείτε στην επόμενη σελίδα.\n"
|
|
"* <kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd>: Εκτελέστε το δείγμα κώδικα υπό εστίαση.\n"
|
|
"* <kbd>s</kbd>: Ενεργοποιήστε τη γραμμή αναζήτησης."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Translations"
|
|
msgstr "# Μεταφράσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful\n"
|
|
"volunteers:"
|
|
msgstr "Το μάθημα έχουμε μεταφραστεί σε άλλες γλώσσες από ένα σύνολο "
|
|
"εκπληκτικών εθελοντών:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [Brazilian Portuguese][pt-BR] by [@rastringer] and [@hugojacob].\n"
|
|
"* [Korean][ko] by [@keispace], [@jiyongp] and [@jooyunghan]."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:9
|
|
msgid "Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Χρησιμοποιήστε την επιλογή γλώσσας στην πάνω-δεξιά γωνία για να "
|
|
"αλλάξετε γλώσσα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions] for how "
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
"get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker]."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν θέλετε να βοηθήσετε στη μεταγλώττιση δείτε τις οδηγίες μας για το πώς"
|
|
"να ξεκινήσετε. Οι μεταφράσεις οργανώνονται στον [issue tracker]."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Using Cargo"
|
|
msgstr "# Χρήση φορτίου"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool\n"
|
|
"used in the Rust ecosystem to build and run Rust applications. Here we want "
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
"give a brief overview of what Cargo is and how it fits into the wider "
|
|
"ecosystem\n"
|
|
"and how it fits into this training."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Όταν αρχίσετε να διαβάζετε για το Rust, σύντομα θα συναντήσετε το [Cargo]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/), το τυπικό εργαλείο\n"
|
|
"χρησιμοποιείται στο οικοσύστημα Rust για τη δημιουργία και εκτέλεση "
|
|
"εφαρμογών Rust. Εδώ θέλουμε\n"
|
|
"δώστε μια σύντομη επισκόπηση του τι είναι το Cargo και πώς ταιριάζει στο "
|
|
"ευρύτερο οικοσύστημα\n"
|
|
"και πώς ταιριάζει σε αυτή την εκπαίδευση."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Installation"
|
|
msgstr "## Εγκατάσταση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "### Rustup (Recommended)"
|
|
msgstr "### Rustup (Συνιστάται)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can follow the instructions to install cargo and rust compiler, among "
|
|
"other standard ecosystem tools with the [rustup][3] tool, which is "
|
|
"maintained by the Rust Foundation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορείτε να ακολουθήσετε τις οδηγίες για την εγκατάσταση του μεταγλωττιστή "
|
|
"φορτίου και σκουριάς, μεταξύ άλλων τυπικών εργαλείων οικοσυστήματος με το "
|
|
"εργαλείο [rustup][3], το οποίο διατηρείται από το Rust Foundation."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Along with cargo and rustc, Rustup will install itself as a command line "
|
|
"utility that you can use to install/switch toolchains, setup cross "
|
|
"compilation, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μαζί με το cargo και το rustc, το Rustup θα εγκατασταθεί ως βοηθητικό "
|
|
"πρόγραμμα γραμμής εντολών που μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε για να "
|
|
"εγκαταστήσετε/εναλλάξετε αλυσίδες εργαλείων, να ρυθμίσετε τη διασταυρούμενη "
|
|
"μεταγλώττιση κ.λπ."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "### Package Managers"
|
|
msgstr "### Διαχειριστές πακέτων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "#### Debian"
|
|
msgstr "#### Debian"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"On Debian/Ubuntu, you can install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust "
|
|
"formatter][6] with"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Στο Debian/Ubuntu, μπορείτε να εγκαταστήσετε το Cargo και την πηγή Rust με"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:26
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This will allow [rust-analyzer][1] to jump to the definitions. We suggest "
|
|
"using\n"
|
|
"[VS Code][2] to edit the code (but any LSP compatible editor works)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτό θα επιτρέψει στον [rust-analyzer][1] να μεταβεί στους ορισμούς. "
|
|
"Προτείνουμε τη χρήση\n"
|
|
"[VS Code][2] για να επεξεργαστείτε τον κώδικα (αλλά κάθε πρόγραμμα "
|
|
"επεξεργασίας συμβατό με LSP λειτουργεί)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains][4] family of IDEs, which do "
|
|
"their own analysis but have their own tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can "
|
|
"install the [Rust Plugin][5]. Please take note that as of January 2023 "
|
|
"debugging only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Σε μερικούς ανθρώπους αρέσει επίσης να χρησιμοποιούν την οικογένεια IDE "
|
|
"[JetBrains][4], που κάνουν τη δική τους ανάλυση αλλά έχουν τις δικές τους "
|
|
"ανταλλαγές. Εάν τα προτιμάτε, μπορείτε να εγκαταστήσετε το [Rust Plugin][5]. "
|
|
"Λάβετε υπόψη ότι από τον Ιανουάριο του 2023 ο εντοπισμός σφαλμάτων "
|
|
"λειτουργεί μόνο στην έκδοση CLion της σουίτας JetBrains IDEA."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# The Rust Ecosystem"
|
|
msgstr "# Το οικοσύστημα της σκουριάς"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το οικοσύστημα Rust αποτελείται από μια σειρά από εργαλεία, από τα οποία τα "
|
|
"κυριότερα είναι:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and "
|
|
"other\n"
|
|
" intermediate formats.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* `cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to\n"
|
|
" download dependencies hosted on <https://crates.io> and it will pass them "
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
" `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a built-in test\n"
|
|
" runner which is used to execute unit tests.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* `rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to\n"
|
|
" install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust is "
|
|
"released.\n"
|
|
" In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the standard\n"
|
|
" library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once and "
|
|
"`rustup`\n"
|
|
" will let you switch between them as needed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* «rustup»: το πρόγραμμα εγκατάστασης και ενημέρωσης της αλυσίδας εργαλείων "
|
|
"Rust. Αυτό το εργαλείο χρησιμοποιείται για να\n"
|
|
" εγκαταστήστε και ενημερώστε τα «rustc» και «cargo» όταν κυκλοφορήσουν νέες "
|
|
"εκδόσεις του Rust.\n"
|
|
" Επιπλέον, το \"rustup\" μπορεί επίσης να κατεβάσει τεκμηρίωση για το "
|
|
"πρότυπο\n"
|
|
" βιβλιοθήκη. Μπορείτε να εγκαταστήσετε πολλές εκδόσεις του Rust ταυτόχρονα "
|
|
"και το \"rustup\".\n"
|
|
" θα σας επιτρέψει να κάνετε εναλλαγή μεταξύ τους ανάλογα με τις ανάγκες."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 src/why-rust/runtime.md:10
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:21 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:30
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:35
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:50
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:50
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:30
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Key points:"
|
|
msgstr "Βασικά σημεία:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out\n"
|
|
" every six weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with\n"
|
|
" old releases --- plus they enable new functionality.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\".\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes\n"
|
|
" \"stable\" every six weeks.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Rust also has [editions]: the current edition is Rust 2021. Previous\n"
|
|
" editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to\n"
|
|
" the language.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the\n"
|
|
" edition for your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code\n"
|
|
" written for different editions.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not "
|
|
"through `cargo` (most users never do).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful "
|
|
"and comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including "
|
|
"but not limited to: \n"
|
|
" * Project/package structure\n"
|
|
" * [workspaces]\n"
|
|
" * Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching\n"
|
|
" * [build scripting]\n"
|
|
" * [global installation]\n"
|
|
" * It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as "
|
|
"[cargo clippy]).\n"
|
|
" * Read more from the [official Cargo Book]"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Code Samples in This Training"
|
|
msgstr "# Δείγματα κώδικα σε αυτήν την εκπαίδευση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through "
|
|
"examples\n"
|
|
"which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier "
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
"ensures a consistent experience for everyone."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Για αυτήν την εκπαίδευση, θα εξερευνήσουμε κυρίως τη γλώσσα Rust μέσω "
|
|
"παραδειγμάτων\n"
|
|
"που μπορεί να εκτελεστεί μέσω του προγράμματος περιήγησής σας. Αυτό κάνει τη "
|
|
"ρύθμιση πολύ πιο εύκολη και\n"
|
|
"εξασφαλίζει μια συνεπή εμπειρία για όλους."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
"exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you how "
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
"work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η εγκατάσταση Cargo εξακολουθεί να ενθαρρύνεται: θα σας διευκολύνει να το "
|
|
"κάνετε\n"
|
|
"γυμνάσια. Την τελευταία μέρα, θα κάνουμε μια μεγαλύτερη άσκηση που σας "
|
|
"δείχνει πώς να το κάνετε\n"
|
|
"εργαστείτε με εξαρτήσεις και για αυτό χρειάζεστε Cargo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:"
|
|
msgstr "Τα μπλοκ κώδικα σε αυτό το μάθημα είναι πλήρως διαδραστικά:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use <kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd> to execute the code when focus is in "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
"text box."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε το <kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd> για να εκτελέσετε τον "
|
|
"κώδικα όταν η εστίαση βρίσκεται στο\n"
|
|
"πλαίσιο κειμένου."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples\n"
|
|
"are not editable for various reasons:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τα περισσότερα δείγματα κώδικα είναι επεξεργάσιμα όπως φαίνεται παραπάνω. "
|
|
"Μερικά δείγματα κώδικα\n"
|
|
"δεν είναι επεξεργάσιμα για διάφορους λόγους:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the\n"
|
|
" code and open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate\n"
|
|
" away from the page! This is the reason that the students should\n"
|
|
" solve the exercises using a local Rust installation or via the\n"
|
|
" Playground."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Οι ενσωματωμένες παιδικές χαρές χάνουν την κατάστασή τους τη στιγμή που "
|
|
"πλοηγείστε\n"
|
|
" μακριά από τη σελίδα! Αυτός είναι ο λόγος που πρέπει οι μαθητές\n"
|
|
" λύστε τις ασκήσεις χρησιμοποιώντας τοπική εγκατάσταση Rust ή μέσω του\n"
|
|
" Παιδική χαρά."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Running Code Locally with Cargo"
|
|
msgstr "# Κωδικός λειτουργίας τοπικά με φορτίο"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will "
|
|
"need\n"
|
|
"to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the Rust\n"
|
|
"Book][1]. This should give you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time "
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
"writing, the latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν θέλετε να πειραματιστείτε με τον κώδικα στο δικό σας σύστημα, τότε θα "
|
|
"χρειαστείτε\n"
|
|
"για να εγκαταστήσετε πρώτα το Rust. Κάντε αυτό ακολουθώντας τις [οδηγίες στο "
|
|
"Rust\n"
|
|
"Βιβλίο][1]. Αυτό θα σας δώσει ένα λειτουργικό «rustc» και «cargo». Την εποχή "
|
|
"του\n"
|
|
"γράφοντας, η τελευταία σταθερή έκδοση Rust έχει αυτούς τους αριθμούς έκδοσης:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"% rustc --version\n"
|
|
"rustc 1.61.0 (fe5b13d68 2022-05-18)\n"
|
|
"% cargo --version\n"
|
|
"cargo 1.61.0 (a028ae4 2022-04-29)\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:15
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With this is in place, then follow these steps to build a Rust binary from "
|
|
"one\n"
|
|
"of the examples in this training:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εφόσον υπάρχει αυτό, ακολουθήστε αυτά τα βήματα για να δημιουργήσετε ένα "
|
|
"δυαδικό αρχείο Rust από ένα\n"
|
|
"από τα παραδείγματα αυτής της εκπαίδευσης:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"1. Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"2. Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your "
|
|
"code:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```shell\n"
|
|
" $ cargo new exercise\n"
|
|
" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"3. Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your "
|
|
"binary:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```shell\n"
|
|
" $ cd exercise\n"
|
|
" $ cargo run\n"
|
|
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
|
|
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
" Hello, world!\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"4. Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For\n"
|
|
" example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look "
|
|
"like\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"5. Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```shell\n"
|
|
" $ cargo run\n"
|
|
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
|
|
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
" Edit me!\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"6. Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo "
|
|
"build`\n"
|
|
" to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/"
|
|
"debug/`\n"
|
|
" for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an "
|
|
"optimized\n"
|
|
" release build in `target/release/`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"7. You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When "
|
|
"you\n"
|
|
" run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing\n"
|
|
" dependencies for you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:70
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a\n"
|
|
"local editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a\n"
|
|
"normal development environment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Προσπαθήστε να ενθαρρύνετε τους συμμετέχοντες στην τάξη να εγκαταστήσουν το "
|
|
"Cargo και χρησιμοποιήστε το α\n"
|
|
"τοπικός συντάκτης. Θα τους κάνει τη ζωή πιο εύκολη αφού θα έχουν α\n"
|
|
"κανονικό περιβάλλον ανάπτυξης."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Welcome to Day 1"
|
|
msgstr "# Καλώς ήρθατε στην Ημέρα 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the first day of Comprehensive Rust. We will cover a lot of ground\n"
|
|
"today:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτή είναι η πρώτη μέρα του Comprehensive Rust. Θα καλύψουμε πολύ έδαφος\n"
|
|
"σήμερα:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs,\n"
|
|
" references, functions, and methods.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based "
|
|
"memory\n"
|
|
" management, and garbage collection.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Please remind the students that:"
|
|
msgstr "Υπενθυμίστε στους μαθητές ότι:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end.\n"
|
|
"* The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much "
|
|
"encouraged!\n"
|
|
" * As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i."
|
|
"e.,\n"
|
|
" keep the related to how Rust does things vs some other language. It can "
|
|
"be\n"
|
|
" hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of allowing "
|
|
"discussions\n"
|
|
" since they engage people much more than one-way communication.\n"
|
|
"* The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the "
|
|
"slides.\n"
|
|
" * This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. "
|
|
"Remember\n"
|
|
" that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as you\n"
|
|
" like."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Θα πρέπει να κάνουν ερωτήσεις όταν τις πάρουν, μην τις αποθηκεύσετε μέχρι "
|
|
"το τέλος.\n"
|
|
"* Η τάξη προορίζεται να είναι διαδραστική και οι συζητήσεις ενθαρρύνονται "
|
|
"πολύ!\n"
|
|
" * Ως εκπαιδευτής, θα πρέπει να προσπαθήσετε να διατηρήσετε τις συζητήσεις "
|
|
"σχετικές, π.χ.\n"
|
|
" κρατήστε τη σχετική με το πώς κάνει τα πράγματα ο Rust σε σχέση με "
|
|
"κάποια άλλη γλώσσα. Μπορεί να είναι\n"
|
|
" δύσκολο να βρεις τη σωστή ισορροπία, αλλά σφάλλησε να επιτρέψεις "
|
|
"συζητήσεις\n"
|
|
" αφού εμπλέκουν τους ανθρώπους πολύ περισσότερο από τη μονόδρομη "
|
|
"επικοινωνία.\n"
|
|
"* Οι ερωτήσεις πιθανότατα θα σημαίνουν ότι είμαστε για τα πράγματα πριν από "
|
|
"τις διαφάνειες.\n"
|
|
" * Αυτό είναι απολύτως εντάξει! Η επανάληψη είναι ένα σημαντικό μέρος της "
|
|
"κλίσης. Θυμάμαι\n"
|
|
" ότι οι διαφάνειες είναι απλώς μια υποστήριξη και είστε ελεύθεροι να τις "
|
|
"παραλείψετε όπως εσείς\n"
|
|
" αρέσει."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to "
|
|
"speak\n"
|
|
"about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a major "
|
|
"feature\n"
|
|
"and we should show students this right away."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η ιδέα για την πρώτη μέρα είναι να δείξουμε _αρκετά_ Rust για να μπορέσει να "
|
|
"μιλήσει\n"
|
|
"για το περίφημο δάνειο πούλι. Ο τρόπος με τον οποίο η Rust χειρίζεται τη "
|
|
"μνήμη είναι ένα σημαντικό χαρακτηριστικό\n"
|
|
"και αυτό θα πρέπει να το δείξουμε αμέσως στους μαθητές."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the\n"
|
|
"schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the slides):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν το διδάσκετε σε μια τάξη, αυτό είναι ένα καλό μέρος για να το δείτε\n"
|
|
"πρόγραμμα. Προτείνουμε να χωρίσετε την ημέρα σε δύο μέρη (ακολουθώντας τις "
|
|
"διαφάνειες):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:36
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Morning: 9:00 to 12:00,\n"
|
|
"* Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Πρωί: 9:00 έως 12:00,\n"
|
|
"* Απόγευμα: 13:00 έως 16:00."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:39
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include "
|
|
"breaks,\n"
|
|
"we recommend a break every hour!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορείτε φυσικά να το προσαρμόσετε όπως απαιτείται. Φροντίστε να "
|
|
"συμπεριλάβετε διαλείμματα,\n"
|
|
"προτείνουμε ένα διάλειμμα κάθε ώρα!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# What is Rust?"
|
|
msgstr "# Τι είναι το Rust;"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015][1]:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η Rust είναι μια νέα γλώσσα προγραμματισμού που κυκλοφόρησε το 1.0 το 2015:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++\n"
|
|
" * `rustc` uses LLVM as its backend.\n"
|
|
"* Rust supports many [platforms and\n"
|
|
" architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support."
|
|
"html):\n"
|
|
" * x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ...\n"
|
|
" * Linux, Mac, Windows, ...\n"
|
|
"* Rust is used for a wide range of devices:\n"
|
|
" * firmware and boot loaders,\n"
|
|
" * smart displays,\n"
|
|
" * mobile phones,\n"
|
|
" * desktops,\n"
|
|
" * servers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Η Rust είναι μια στατικά μεταγλωττισμένη γλώσσα με παρόμοιο ρόλο με τη C+"
|
|
"+\n"
|
|
" * Το \"rustc\" χρησιμοποιεί το LLVM ως backend του.\n"
|
|
"* Το Rust υποστηρίζει πολλές [πλατφόρμες και\n"
|
|
" αρχιτεκτονικές](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support."
|
|
"html):\n"
|
|
" * x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ...\n"
|
|
" * Linux, Mac, Windows, ...\n"
|
|
"* Το Rust χρησιμοποιείται για ένα ευρύ φάσμα συσκευών:\n"
|
|
" * υλικολογισμικό και φορτωτές εκκίνησης,\n"
|
|
" * έξυπνες οθόνες,\n"
|
|
" * κινητά τηλέφωνα,\n"
|
|
" * επιτραπέζιοι υπολογιστές,\n"
|
|
" * διακομιστές."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:21
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:"
|
|
msgstr "Η σκουριά ταιριάζει στην ίδια περιοχή με το C++:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:23
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* High flexibility.\n"
|
|
"* High level of control.\n"
|
|
"* Can be scaled down to very constrained devices like mobile phones.\n"
|
|
"* Has no runtime or garbage collection.\n"
|
|
"* Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Υψηλή ευελιξία.\n"
|
|
"* Υψηλό επίπεδο ελέγχου.\n"
|
|
"* Μπορεί να μειωθεί σε πολύ περιορισμένες συσκευές όπως κινητά τηλέφωνα.\n"
|
|
"* Δεν έχει χρόνο εκτέλεσης ή συλλογή σκουπιδιών.\n"
|
|
"* Εστιάζει στην αξιοπιστία και την ασφάλεια χωρίς να θυσιάζει την απόδοση."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Hello World!"
|
|
msgstr "# Γειά σου Κόσμε!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World\n"
|
|
"program:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ας μεταβούμε στο απλούστερο δυνατό πρόγραμμα Rust, ένα κλασικό Hello World\n"
|
|
"πρόγραμμα:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "What you see:"
|
|
msgstr "Τι βλέπεις:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Functions are introduced with `fn`.\n"
|
|
"* Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++.\n"
|
|
"* The `main` function is the entry point of the program.\n"
|
|
"* Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this.\n"
|
|
"* Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Οι συναρτήσεις εισάγονται με το «fn».\n"
|
|
"* Τα μπλοκ οριοθετούνται με σγουρά τιράντες όπως στο C και το C++.\n"
|
|
"* Η λειτουργία «κύρια» είναι το σημείο εισόδου του προγράμματος.\n"
|
|
"* Το Rust έχει υγιεινές μακροεντολές, το «println!» είναι ένα παράδειγμα "
|
|
"αυτού.\n"
|
|
"* Οι συμβολοσειρές Rust έχουν κωδικοποίηση UTF-8 και μπορούν να περιέχουν "
|
|
"οποιονδήποτε χαρακτήρα Unicode."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will "
|
|
"see\n"
|
|
"a ton of it over the next four days so we start small with something "
|
|
"familiar."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτή η διαφάνεια προσπαθεί να κάνει τους μαθητές άνετα με τον κώδικα Rust. "
|
|
"Θα δουν\n"
|
|
"ένας τόνος από αυτό τις επόμενες τέσσερις ημέρες, οπότε ξεκινάμε μικρά με "
|
|
"κάτι οικείο."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is\n"
|
|
" imperative (not functional) and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless\n"
|
|
" absolutely necessary.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number "
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
" arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude."
|
|
"md)).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers "
|
|
"from\n"
|
|
" the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only\n"
|
|
" [partially hygenic](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/"
|
|
"hygiene.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Small Example"
|
|
msgstr "# Μικρό Παράδειγμα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Ακολουθεί ένα μικρό παράδειγμα προγράμματος στο Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() { // Program entry point\n"
|
|
" let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n"
|
|
" print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n"
|
|
" while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n"
|
|
" if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n"
|
|
" x = x / 2;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:23
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop "
|
|
"will\n"
|
|
"always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with "
|
|
"different\n"
|
|
"inputs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ο κώδικας υλοποιεί την εικασία Collatz: πιστεύεται ότι ο βρόχος θα\n"
|
|
"πάντα τελειώνει, αλλά αυτό δεν έχει ακόμη αποδειχθεί. Επεξεργαστείτε τον "
|
|
"κώδικα και παίξτε με διαφορετικά\n"
|
|
"εισροές."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to "
|
|
"trigger\n"
|
|
" type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer "
|
|
"overflow.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" format string.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an\n"
|
|
" expression which is more complex than just a single variable.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::"
|
|
"fmt`\n"
|
|
" which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important that "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" students become familiar with searching in the standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Why Rust?"
|
|
msgstr "# Γιατί Rust;"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Μερικά μοναδικά σημεία πώλησης του Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Compile time memory safety.\n"
|
|
"* Lack of undefined runtime behavior.\n"
|
|
"* Modern language features."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Συγκεντρώστε την ασφάλεια της μνήμης χρόνου.\n"
|
|
"* Έλλειψη απροσδιόριστης συμπεριφοράς χρόνου εκτέλεσης.\n"
|
|
"* Χαρακτηριστικά σύγχρονης γλώσσας."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. "
|
|
"Depending\n"
|
|
"on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Φροντίστε να ρωτήσετε την τάξη με ποιες γλώσσες έχουν εμπειρία. Σε "
|
|
"συνάρτηση\n"
|
|
"στην απάντηση μπορείτε να επισημάνετε διαφορετικά χαρακτηριστικά του Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime "
|
|
"errors_\n"
|
|
" via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you "
|
|
"don't\n"
|
|
" have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language "
|
|
"with\n"
|
|
" constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory "
|
|
"safety\n"
|
|
" as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In "
|
|
"addition\n"
|
|
" you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage "
|
|
"collector)\n"
|
|
" as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Εμπειρία με Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: Έχετε την ίδια ασφάλεια "
|
|
"μνήμης\n"
|
|
" όπως σε αυτές τις γλώσσες, συν ένα παρόμοιο γλωσσικό συναίσθημα υψηλού "
|
|
"επιπέδου. Επιπλέον\n"
|
|
" έχετε γρήγορη και προβλέψιμη απόδοση όπως C και C++ (χωρίς "
|
|
"σκουπιδοσυλλέκτη)\n"
|
|
" καθώς και πρόσβαση σε υλικό χαμηλού επιπέδου (σε περίπτωση που το "
|
|
"χρειάζεστε)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Compile Time Guarantees"
|
|
msgstr "# Συγκεντρώστε Εγγυήσεις χρόνου"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Static memory management at compile time:"
|
|
msgstr "Διαχείριση στατικής μνήμης κατά το χρόνο μεταγλώττισης:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* No uninitialized variables.\n"
|
|
"* No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes).\n"
|
|
"* No double-frees.\n"
|
|
"* No use-after-free.\n"
|
|
"* No `NULL` pointers.\n"
|
|
"* No forgotten locked mutexes.\n"
|
|
"* No data races between threads.\n"
|
|
"* No iterator invalidation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Δεν υπάρχουν μη αρχικοποιημένες μεταβλητές.\n"
|
|
"* Δεν υπάρχουν διαρροές μνήμης (_κυρίως_, βλέπε σημειώσεις).\n"
|
|
"* Χωρίς διπλό δωρεάν.\n"
|
|
"* Καμία χρήση-μετά-δωρεάν.\n"
|
|
"* Δεν υπάρχουν δείκτες «NULL».\n"
|
|
"* Όχι ξεχασμένα κλειδωμένα mutexes.\n"
|
|
"* Δεν υπάρχουν αγώνες δεδομένων μεταξύ των νημάτων.\n"
|
|
"* Χωρίς ακύρωση επαναληπτικού."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples\n"
|
|
"are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Είναι δυνατό να προκληθούν διαρροές μνήμης στο (ασφαλές) Rust. Μερικά "
|
|
"παραδείγματα\n"
|
|
"είναι:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* You can for use [`Box::leak`] to leak a pointer. A use of this could\n"
|
|
" be to get runtime-initialized and runtime-sized static variables\n"
|
|
"* You can use [`std::mem::forget`] to make the compiler \"forget\" about\n"
|
|
" a value (meaning the destructor is never run).\n"
|
|
"* You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle] with `Rc` or\n"
|
|
" `Arc`.\n"
|
|
"* In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory\n"
|
|
" leak and Rust does not protect from those."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε το [`Box::leak`] για να διαρρεύσετε έναν "
|
|
"δείκτη. Μια χρήση αυτού θα μπορούσε\n"
|
|
" να λάβετε στατικές μεταβλητές με αρχικοποίηση χρόνου εκτέλεσης και "
|
|
"στατικές μεταβλητές μεγέθους χρόνου εκτέλεσης\n"
|
|
"* Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε το [`std::mem::forget`] για να κάνετε τον "
|
|
"μεταγλωττιστή να \"ξεχάσει\"\n"
|
|
" μια τιμή (που σημαίνει ότι ο καταστροφέας δεν εκτελείται ποτέ).\n"
|
|
"* Μπορείτε επίσης να δημιουργήσετε κατά λάθος έναν [κύκλο αναφοράς] με "
|
|
"\"Rc\" ή\n"
|
|
" «Τόξο».\n"
|
|
"* Στην πραγματικότητα, ορισμένοι θα εξετάσουν το ενδεχόμενο να συμπληρώσουν "
|
|
"άπειρα μια συλλογή ως ανάμνηση\n"
|
|
" διαρροή και η Rust δεν προστατεύει από αυτά."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:28
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood\n"
|
|
"as \"Pretty much no *accidental* memory leaks\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Για τους σκοπούς αυτού του μαθήματος, θα πρέπει να γίνει κατανοητό το \"No "
|
|
"memory leaks\".\n"
|
|
"ως \"Σχεδόν καμία *τυχαία* διαρροή μνήμης\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Runtime Guarantees"
|
|
msgstr "# Εγγυήσεις χρόνου εκτέλεσης"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "No undefined behavior at runtime:"
|
|
msgstr "Χωρίς απροσδιόριστη συμπεριφορά κατά το χρόνο εκτέλεσης:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Array access is bounds checked.\n"
|
|
"* Integer overflow is defined."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Η πρόσβαση σε πίνακα έχει επιλεγεί τα όρια.\n"
|
|
"* Ορίζεται υπερχείλιση ακέραιου αριθμού."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Integer overflow is defined via a compile-time flag. The options are\n"
|
|
" either a panic (a controlled crash of the program) or wrap-around\n"
|
|
" semantics. By default, you get panics in debug mode (`cargo build`)\n"
|
|
" and wrap-around in release mode (`cargo build --release`).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also\n"
|
|
" not be disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However,\n"
|
|
" `unsafe` allows you to call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked`\n"
|
|
" which does not do bounds checking."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Η υπερχείλιση ακέραιου αριθμού ορίζεται μέσω μιας επισήμανσης χρόνου "
|
|
"μεταγλώττισης. Οι επιλογές είναι\n"
|
|
" είτε ένας πανικός (ένα ελεγχόμενο crash του προγράμματος) είτε να "
|
|
"αναδιπλωθεί\n"
|
|
" σημασιολογία. Από προεπιλογή, λαμβάνετε πανικό στη λειτουργία εντοπισμού "
|
|
"σφαλμάτων (\"κατασκευή φορτίου\")\n"
|
|
" και περιτύλιξη σε λειτουργία απελευθέρωσης («κατασκευή φορτίου --"
|
|
"απελευθέρωση»)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Modern Features"
|
|
msgstr "# Σύγχρονα χαρακτηριστικά"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last 40 years."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust κατασκευάζεται με όλη την εμπειρία που αποκτήθηκε τα τελευταία 40 "
|
|
"χρόνια."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Language Features"
|
|
msgstr "## Χαρακτηριστικά γλώσσας"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Enums and pattern matching.\n"
|
|
"* Generics.\n"
|
|
"* No overhead FFI.\n"
|
|
"* Zero-cost abstractions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Αριθμοί και αντιστοίχιση μοτίβων.\n"
|
|
"* Γενόσημα.\n"
|
|
"* Όχι γενικά FFI.\n"
|
|
"* Αφαιρέσεις μηδενικού κόστους."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Tooling"
|
|
msgstr "## Εργαλεία"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Great compiler errors.\n"
|
|
"* Built-in dependency manager.\n"
|
|
"* Built-in support for testing.\n"
|
|
"* Excellent Language Server Protocol support."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Μεγάλα λάθη μεταγλωττιστή.\n"
|
|
"* Ενσωματωμένος διαχειριστής εξαρτήσεων.\n"
|
|
"* Ενσωματωμένη υποστήριξη για δοκιμές.\n"
|
|
"* Εξαιρετική υποστήριξη πρωτοκόλλου διακομιστή γλώσσας."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to "
|
|
"'pay'\n"
|
|
" for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example,\n"
|
|
" writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level\n"
|
|
" instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', "
|
|
"also\n"
|
|
" known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like\n"
|
|
" `Option<T>` and `Result<T, E>`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to\n"
|
|
" ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more\n"
|
|
" talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with "
|
|
"_actionable_\n"
|
|
" feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, "
|
|
"Python,\n"
|
|
" and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard "
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
" essential:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * a random number generator, but see [rand].\n"
|
|
" * support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls].\n"
|
|
" * support for JSON, but see [serde_json].\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library "
|
|
"cannot\n"
|
|
" go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the Rust\n"
|
|
" community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps "
|
|
"there\n"
|
|
" isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this "
|
|
"makes\n"
|
|
" it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence of "
|
|
"this\n"
|
|
" is that the standard library can be smaller.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like\n"
|
|
" <https://lib.rs/> help with this by letting you compare health metrics "
|
|
"for\n"
|
|
" crates to find a good and trusted one.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* [rust-analyzer] is a well supported LSP implementation used in major\n"
|
|
" IDEs and text editors."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Basic Syntax"
|
|
msgstr "# Βασική Σύνταξη"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:"
|
|
msgstr "Μεγάλο μέρος της σύνταξης Rust θα σας είναι οικείο από τη C ή τη C++:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Blocks and scopes are delimited by curly braces.\n"
|
|
"* Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/"
|
|
"* ...\n"
|
|
" */`.\n"
|
|
"* Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same.\n"
|
|
"* Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Τα μπλοκ και τα πεδία οριοθετούνται με σγουρά τιράντες.\n"
|
|
"* Τα σχόλια γραμμής ξεκινούν με `//`, τα σχόλια αποκλεισμού οριοθετούνται "
|
|
"από `/* ...\n"
|
|
" */`.\n"
|
|
"* Λέξεις-κλειδιά όπως «αν» και «ενώ» λειτουργούν το ίδιο.\n"
|
|
"* Η ανάθεση μεταβλητής γίνεται με `=`, η σύγκριση γίνεται με `==`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Scalar Types"
|
|
msgstr "# Scalar Types"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"| | Types | "
|
|
"Literals |\n"
|
|
"|------------------------|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|\n"
|
|
"| Signed integers | `i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize` | "
|
|
"`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123i64` |\n"
|
|
"| Unsigned integers | `u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize` | `0`, "
|
|
"`123`, `10u16` |\n"
|
|
"| Floating point numbers | `f32`, `f64` | "
|
|
"`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2f32` |\n"
|
|
"| Strings | `&str` | "
|
|
"`\"foo\"`, `r#\"\\\\\"#` |\n"
|
|
"| Unicode scalar values | `char` | "
|
|
"`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'` |\n"
|
|
"| Byte strings | `&[u8]` | "
|
|
"`b\"abc\"`, `br#\" \" \"#` |\n"
|
|
"| Booleans | `bool` | "
|
|
"`true`, `false` |"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"| | Τύποι | Κυριολεκτικά |\n"
|
|
"|------------------------------------------------- "
|
|
"-------------------------------------------------- --|\n"
|
|
"| Υπογεγραμμένοι ακέραιοι αριθμοί | `i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, "
|
|
"`isize` | `-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123i64` |\n"
|
|
"| Ανυπόγραφοι ακέραιοι αριθμοί | «u8», «u16», «u32», «u64», «u128», «χρήση» "
|
|
"| `0`, `123`, `10u16` |\n"
|
|
"| Αριθμοί κινητής υποδιαστολής | `f32`, `f64` | `3,14`, `-10,0e20`, `2f32` "
|
|
"|\n"
|
|
"| Χορδές | `&str` | `\"foo\"`, `r#\"\\\\\"#` |\n"
|
|
"| Βαθμωτές τιμές Unicode | `χαρ` | `'a', `'α'`, `'∞'` |\n"
|
|
"| Συμβολοσειρές byte | `&[u8]` | `b\"abc\"`, `br#\" \" \"#\" |\n"
|
|
"| Booleans | «μπουλ» | \"αληθές\", \"ψευδές\" |"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The types have widths as follows:"
|
|
msgstr "Οι τύποι έχουν πλάτη ως εξής:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:15
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide,\n"
|
|
"* `isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer,\n"
|
|
"* `char` is 32 bit wide,\n"
|
|
"* `bool` is 8 bit wide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Τα \"iN\", \"uN\" και \"fN\" έχουν πλάτος _N_ bit,\n"
|
|
"* Το \"isize\" και το \"usize\" είναι το πλάτος ενός δείκτη,\n"
|
|
"* Το \"char\" έχει πλάτος 32 bit,\n"
|
|
"* Το «bool» έχει πλάτος 8 bit."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Compound Types"
|
|
msgstr "# Σύνθετοι τύποι"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"| | Types | Literals "
|
|
"|\n"
|
|
"|--------|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|\n"
|
|
"| Arrays | `[T; N]` | `[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]` "
|
|
"|\n"
|
|
"| Tuples | `()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ... | `()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ... "
|
|
"|"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Array assignment and access:"
|
|
msgstr "Εκχώρηση πίνακα και πρόσβαση:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n"
|
|
" a[5] = 0;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Tuple assignment and access:"
|
|
msgstr "Διπλή ανάθεση και πρόσβαση:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"1st index: {}\", t.0);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"2nd index: {}\", t.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:32
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Arrays:"
|
|
msgstr "Πίνακες:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Arrays have elements of the same type, `T`, and length, `N`, which is a "
|
|
"compile-time constant.\n"
|
|
" Note that the length of the array is *part of its type*, which means that "
|
|
"`[u8; 3]` and\n"
|
|
" `[u8; 4]` are considered two different types.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* We can use literals to assign values to arrays.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug "
|
|
"implementation with the `?` format\n"
|
|
" parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug output. "
|
|
"We\n"
|
|
" could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without specifying the value after "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" format string.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can "
|
|
"be easier to read."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:47
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Tuples:"
|
|
msgstr "Πλειάδες:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:49
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the "
|
|
"value, e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a "
|
|
"type, and\n"
|
|
" the only valid value of that type - that is to say both the type and its "
|
|
"value\n"
|
|
" are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a "
|
|
"function or\n"
|
|
" expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide. \n"
|
|
" * You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other \n"
|
|
" programming languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Η άδεια πλειάδα `()` είναι επίσης γνωστή ως \"τύπος μονάδας\". Είναι και "
|
|
"τύπος, και\n"
|
|
" η μόνη έγκυρη τιμή αυτού του τύπου - δηλαδή και ο τύπος και η τιμή του\n"
|
|
" εκφράζονται ως «()». Χρησιμοποιείται για να υποδείξει, για παράδειγμα, ότι "
|
|
"μια συνάρτηση ή\n"
|
|
" Η έκφραση δεν έχει τιμή επιστροφής, όπως θα δούμε σε μια μελλοντική "
|
|
"διαφάνεια.\n"
|
|
" * Μπορείτε να το σκεφτείτε ως «κενό» που μπορεί να σας είναι οικείο από "
|
|
"άλλους\n"
|
|
" γλώσσες προγραμματισμού."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# References"
|
|
msgstr "# Βιβλιογραφικές αναφορές"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:"
|
|
msgstr "Όπως η C++, το Rust έχει αναφορές:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n"
|
|
" *ref_x = 20;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Some notes:"
|
|
msgstr "Μερικές σημειώσεις:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ "
|
|
"pointers.\n"
|
|
"* Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking\n"
|
|
" methods (try `ref_x.count_ones()`).\n"
|
|
"* References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values "
|
|
"over their lifetime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Πρέπει να μην αναφέρουμε το «ref_x» κατά την ανάθεση σε αυτό, παρόμοια με "
|
|
"τους δείκτες C και C++.\n"
|
|
"* Το Rust θα επαναφέρει αυτόματα σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις, ιδιαίτερα κατά "
|
|
"την επίκληση\n"
|
|
" μεθόδους (δοκιμάστε το `ref_x.count_ones()`).\n"
|
|
"* Οι αναφορές που δηλώνονται ως «mut» μπορούν να δεσμευτούν σε διαφορετικές "
|
|
"τιμές κατά τη διάρκεια της ζωής τους."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:21
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"<details>\n"
|
|
"Key points:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
|
|
"Βασικά σημεία:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:24
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Be sure to note the difference between `let mut ref_x: &i32` and `let "
|
|
"ref_x:\n"
|
|
" &mut i32`. The first one represents a mutable reference which can be bound "
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
" different values, while the second represents a reference to a mutable "
|
|
"value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Φροντίστε να σημειώσετε τη διαφορά μεταξύ του \"let mut ref_x: &i32\" και "
|
|
"του \"let ref_x:\n"
|
|
" &mut i32`. Η πρώτη αντιπροσωπεύει μια μεταβλητή αναφορά στην οποία μπορεί "
|
|
"να συνδεθεί\n"
|
|
" διαφορετικές τιμές, ενώ η δεύτερη αντιπροσωπεύει μια αναφορά σε μια "
|
|
"μεταβλητή τιμή."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Dangling References"
|
|
msgstr "# Κρεμασμένες αναφορές"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:"
|
|
msgstr "Η σκουριά θα απαγορεύσει στατικά τις κρέμονται αναφορές:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let ref_x: &i32;\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let x: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" ref_x = &x;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to.\n"
|
|
"* Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long\n"
|
|
" enough.\n"
|
|
"* We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Μια αναφορά λέγεται ότι \"δανείζεται\" την τιμή στην οποία αναφέρεται.\n"
|
|
"* Το Rust παρακολουθεί τη διάρκεια ζωής όλων των αναφορών για να διασφαλίσει "
|
|
"ότι ζουν πολύ\n"
|
|
" αρκετά.\n"
|
|
"* Θα μιλήσουμε περισσότερο για δανεισμό όταν φτάσουμε στην ιδιοκτησία."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Slices"
|
|
msgstr "# Φέτες"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:"
|
|
msgstr "Μια φέτα σάς δίνει μια προβολή σε μια μεγαλύτερη συλλογή:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:15
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Slices borrow data from the sliced type.\n"
|
|
"* Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]`?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Οι φέτες δανείζονται δεδομένα από τον τύπο σε φέτες.\n"
|
|
"* Ερώτηση: Τι θα συμβεί αν τροποποιήσετε το «a[3]»;"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending "
|
|
"indexes in brackets.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the "
|
|
"starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are "
|
|
"identical.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are "
|
|
"identical.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use "
|
|
"`&a[..]`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* `s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` "
|
|
"(`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform "
|
|
"computation on slices of different sizes.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to "
|
|
"remain 'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice. \n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, "
|
|
"but the answer is that for memory safety reasons\n"
|
|
" you cannot do it through `a` after you created a slice, but you can read "
|
|
"the data from both `a` and `s` safely. \n"
|
|
" More details will be explained in the borrow checker section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Το `s` είναι μια αναφορά σε ένα κομμάτι του `i32`. Παρατηρήστε ότι ο τύπος "
|
|
"`s` (`&[i32]`) δεν αναφέρει πλέον το μήκος του πίνακα. Αυτό μας επιτρέπει να "
|
|
"κάνουμε υπολογισμούς σε φέτες διαφορετικών μεγεθών.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Οι φέτες δανείζονται πάντα από άλλο αντικείμενο. Σε αυτό το παράδειγμα, το "
|
|
"«a» πρέπει να παραμείνει «ζωντανό» (στο πεδίο εφαρμογής) για τουλάχιστον όσο "
|
|
"το κομμάτι μας.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Η ερώτηση σχετικά με την τροποποίηση του «a[3]» μπορεί να προκαλέσει μια "
|
|
"ενδιαφέρουσα συζήτηση, αλλά η απάντηση είναι ότι για λόγους ασφαλείας της "
|
|
"μνήμης\n"
|
|
" δεν μπορείτε να το κάνετε μέσω του \"a\" αφού δημιουργήσετε ένα slice, "
|
|
"αλλά μπορείτε να διαβάσετε τα δεδομένα από το \"a\" και το \"s\" με "
|
|
"ασφάλεια.\n"
|
|
" Περισσότερες λεπτομέρειες θα επεξηγηθούν στην ενότητα ελέγχου δανεισμού."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `String` vs `str`"
|
|
msgstr "# `String` vs `str`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Μπορούμε τώρα να κατανοήσουμε τους δύο τύπους χορδών στο Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: &str = \"World\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" s2.push_str(s1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust terminology:"
|
|
msgstr "Ορολογία σκουριάς:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `&str` an immutable reference to a string slice.\n"
|
|
"* `String` a mutable string buffer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* «&str» μια αμετάβλητη αναφορά σε ένα κομμάτι συμβολοσειράς.\n"
|
|
"* \"String\" ένα μεταβλητό buffer συμβολοσειρών."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 "
|
|
"encoded string data \n"
|
|
" stored in a block of memory. String literals (`”Hello”`), are stored in "
|
|
"the program’s binary.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a "
|
|
"`Vec<T>`, it is owned.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string "
|
|
"literal; `String::new()` \n"
|
|
" creates a new empty string, to which string data can be added using the "
|
|
"`push()` and `push_str()` methods.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from "
|
|
"dynamic values. It \n"
|
|
" accepts the same format specification as `println!()`.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range "
|
|
"selection.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `const char*` from C++, but the "
|
|
"one that always points \n"
|
|
" to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough equivalent of `std::"
|
|
"string` from C++ \n"
|
|
" (main difference: it can only contain UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never "
|
|
"use a small-string optimization).\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Η μακροεντολή «format!()» είναι ένας βολικός τρόπος για να δημιουργήσετε "
|
|
"μια ιδιόκτητη συμβολοσειρά από δυναμικές τιμές. Το\n"
|
|
" δέχεται την ίδια προδιαγραφή μορφής με το \"println!()\".\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Μπορείτε να δανειστείτε κομμάτια «&str» από το «String» μέσω του «&» και "
|
|
"προαιρετικά επιλογής εύρους.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Για προγραμματιστές C++: σκεφτείτε το «&str» ως «const char*» από τη C++, "
|
|
"αλλά αυτό που δείχνει πάντα\n"
|
|
" σε μια έγκυρη συμβολοσειρά στη μνήμη. Το Rust «String» είναι ένα κατά "
|
|
"προσέγγιση ισοδύναμο του «std::string» από τη C++\n"
|
|
" (κύρια διαφορά: μπορεί να περιέχει μόνο byte με κωδικοποίηση UTF-8 και δεν "
|
|
"θα χρησιμοποιήσει ποτέ βελτιστοποίηση μικρής συμβολοσειράς).\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Functions"
|
|
msgstr "# Λειτουργίες"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
|
|
"Fizz_buzz) interview question:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μια έκδοση Rust της περίφημης ερώτησης συνέντευξης [FizzBuzz](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" fizzbuzz_to(20); // Defined below, no forward declaration needed\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" if rhs == 0 {\n"
|
|
" return false; // Corner case, early return\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return "
|
|
"value\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // No return value means returning the unit "
|
|
"type `()`\n"
|
|
" match (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) {\n"
|
|
" (true, true) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"),\n"
|
|
" (true, false) => println!(\"fizz\"),\n"
|
|
" (false, true) => println!(\"buzz\"),\n"
|
|
" (false, false) => println!(\"{n}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) { // `-> ()` is normally omitted\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..=n {\n"
|
|
" fizzbuzz(i);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // Χωρίς επιστροφή τιμής σημαίνει επιστροφή του "
|
|
"τύπου μονάδας `()`\n"
|
|
" αντιστοίχιση (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) {\n"
|
|
" (αληθινό, αληθινό) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"),\n"
|
|
" (αληθές, λάθος) => println!(\"fizz\"),\n"
|
|
" (ψευδές, αληθές) => println!(\"buzz\"),\n"
|
|
" (ψεύτικο, ψευδές) => println!(\"{n}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward "
|
|
"declarations nor headers are necessary. \n"
|
|
"* Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some "
|
|
"programming languages), then a return type.\n"
|
|
"* The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return "
|
|
"value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression.\n"
|
|
"* Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The "
|
|
"compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted.\n"
|
|
"* The range expression in the `for` loop in `fizzbuzz_to()` contains `=n`, "
|
|
"which causes it to include the upper bound.\n"
|
|
"* The `match` expression in `fizzbuzz()` is doing a lot of work. It is "
|
|
"expanded below to show what is happening.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" (Type annotations added for clarity, but they can be elided.)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" let by_3: bool = is_divisible_by(n, 3);\n"
|
|
" let by_5: bool = is_divisible_by(n, 5);\n"
|
|
" let by_35: (bool, bool) = (by_3, by_5);\n"
|
|
" match by_35 {\n"
|
|
" // ...\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Rustdoc"
|
|
msgstr "# Γιατί Rust;"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second "
|
|
"argument.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n"
|
|
"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" if rhs == 0 {\n"
|
|
" return false; // Corner case, early return\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return "
|
|
"value\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are\n"
|
|
"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the\n"
|
|
"[rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It "
|
|
"is\n"
|
|
"idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at\n"
|
|
" [`docs.rs/rand`](https://docs.rs/rand).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but "
|
|
"in\n"
|
|
" real code they should be present.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need "
|
|
"not\n"
|
|
" be addressed here."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:1 src/methods.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Methods"
|
|
msgstr "# Μέθοδοι"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has methods, they are simply functions that are associated with a "
|
|
"particular type. The\n"
|
|
"first argument of a method is an instance of the type it is associated with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust έχει μεθόδους, είναι απλώς λειτουργίες που σχετίζονται με έναν "
|
|
"συγκεκριμένο τύπο. ο\n"
|
|
"Το πρώτο όρισμα μιας μεθόδου είναι ένα παράδειγμα του τύπου με το οποίο "
|
|
"σχετίζεται:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Rectangle {\n"
|
|
" width: u32,\n"
|
|
" height: u32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Rectangle {\n"
|
|
" fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" self.width * self.height\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n"
|
|
" self.width += delta;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
|
|
" rect.inc_width(5);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"new area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:30
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's "
|
|
"class."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Θα εξετάσουμε πολύ περισσότερο τις μεθόδους στη σημερινή άσκηση και στην "
|
|
"αυριανή τάξη."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Function Overloading"
|
|
msgstr "# Λειτουργία Υπερφόρτωση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Overloading is not supported:"
|
|
msgstr "Η υπερφόρτωση δεν υποστηρίζεται:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Each function has a single implementation:\n"
|
|
" * Always takes a fixed number of parameters.\n"
|
|
" * Always takes a single set of parameter types.\n"
|
|
"* Default values are not supported:\n"
|
|
" * All call sites have the same number of arguments.\n"
|
|
" * Macros are sometimes used as an alternative."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Κάθε συνάρτηση έχει μια ενιαία υλοποίηση:\n"
|
|
" * Λαμβάνει πάντα έναν σταθερό αριθμό παραμέτρων.\n"
|
|
" * Λαμβάνει πάντα ένα ενιαίο σύνολο τύπων παραμέτρων.\n"
|
|
"* Οι προεπιλεγμένες τιμές δεν υποστηρίζονται:\n"
|
|
" * Όλοι οι ιστότοποι κλήσεων έχουν τον ίδιο αριθμό ορισμάτων.\n"
|
|
" * Οι μακροεντολές χρησιμοποιούνται μερικές φορές ως εναλλακτική λύση."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:"
|
|
msgstr "Ωστόσο, οι παράμετροι συνάρτησης μπορεί να είναι γενικές:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn pick_one<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n"
|
|
" if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* When using generics, the standard library's `Into<T>` can provide a kind "
|
|
"of limited\n"
|
|
" polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a later "
|
|
"section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Όταν χρησιμοποιείτε γενικά, το 'Into<T>' της τυπικής βιβλιοθήκης μπορεί να "
|
|
"παρέχει ένα είδος περιορισμένου\n"
|
|
" πολυμορφισμός σε τύπους επιχειρημάτων. Θα δούμε περισσότερες λεπτομέρειες "
|
|
"σε επόμενη ενότητα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:30
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "</defails>"
|
|
msgstr "</defails>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Day 1: Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Ημέρα 1: Πρωινές ασκήσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Σε αυτές τις ασκήσεις, θα εξερευνήσουμε δύο μέρη του Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Implicit conversions between types.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Arrays and `for` loops."
|
|
msgstr "* Σιωπηρές μετατροπές μεταξύ τύπων."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μερικά πράγματα που πρέπει να λάβετε υπόψη κατά την επίλυση των ασκήσεων:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get\n"
|
|
" auto-completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo] for "
|
|
"details\n"
|
|
" on installing Rust.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Alternatively, use the Rust Playground."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Χρησιμοποιήστε μια τοπική εγκατάσταση Rust, εάν είναι δυνατόν. Με αυτόν "
|
|
"τον τρόπο μπορείτε να αποκτήσετε\n"
|
|
" αυτόματη συμπλήρωση στον επεξεργαστή σας. Δείτε τη σελίδα σχετικά με το "
|
|
"[Using Cargo] για λεπτομέρειες\n"
|
|
" κατά την εγκατάσταση του Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets "
|
|
"lose\n"
|
|
"their state if you navigate away from the page."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τα αποσπάσματα κώδικα δεν είναι επεξεργάσιμα επίτηδες: τα ενσωματωμένα "
|
|
"αποσπάσματα κώδικα χάνονται\n"
|
|
"την κατάστασή τους εάν απομακρυνθείτε από τη σελίδα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:22 src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:11
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:7
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:7 src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:12
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:7
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions] provided."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αφού δείτε τις ασκήσεις, μπορείτε να δείτε τις [λύσεις] που παρέχονται."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Implicit Conversions"
|
|
msgstr "# Άμεσες μετατροπές"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types "
|
|
"([unlike\n"
|
|
"C++][3]). You can see this in a program like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust δεν θα εφαρμόσει αυτόματα _implicit conversions_ μεταξύ των τύπων "
|
|
"([σε αντίθεση με\n"
|
|
"C++][3]). Μπορείτε να το δείτε σε ένα πρόγραμμα όπως αυτό:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n"
|
|
" x * y\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x: i8 = 15;\n"
|
|
" let y: i16 = 1000;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiply(x, y));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust integer types all implement the [`From<T>`][1] and [`Into<T>`][2]\n"
|
|
"traits to let us convert between them. The `From<T>` trait has a single "
|
|
"`from()`\n"
|
|
"method and similarly, the `Into<T>` trait has a single `into()` method.\n"
|
|
"Implementing these traits is how a type expresses that it can be converted "
|
|
"into\n"
|
|
"another type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Όλοι οι τύποι ακέραιου αριθμού Rust εφαρμόζουν τα [`From<T>`][1] και "
|
|
"[`Into<T>`][2]\n"
|
|
"χαρακτηριστικά για να μας αφήσουν να μετατρέψουμε μεταξύ τους. Το "
|
|
"χαρακτηριστικό \"From<T>\" έχει ένα μόνο \"from()\".\n"
|
|
"μέθοδο και παρομοίως, το χαρακτηριστικό «Into<T>» έχει μία μόνο μέθοδο "
|
|
"«into()».\n"
|
|
"Η εφαρμογή αυτών των χαρακτηριστικών είναι ο τρόπος με τον οποίο ένας τύπος "
|
|
"εκφράζει ότι μπορεί να μετατραπεί σε\n"
|
|
"άλλου τύπου."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The standard library has an implementation of `From<i8> for i16`, which "
|
|
"means\n"
|
|
"that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by calling \n"
|
|
"`i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From<i8> for i16`\n"
|
|
"implementation automatically create an implementation of `Into<i16> for i8`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η τυπική βιβλιοθήκη έχει μια υλοποίηση του «From<i8> για i16», που σημαίνει\n"
|
|
"ότι μπορούμε να μετατρέψουμε μια μεταβλητή «x» τύπου «i8» σε «i16» καλώντας\n"
|
|
"`i16::from(x)`. Ή, απλούστερα, με `x.into()`, επειδή `From<i8> για i16`\n"
|
|
"υλοποίηση δημιουργεί αυτόματα μια υλοποίηση του «Into<i16> για i8»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:30
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, so "
|
|
"it is\n"
|
|
"sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` "
|
|
"implementation automatically."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το ίδιο ισχύει και για τις δικές σας υλοποιήσεις «Από» για τους δικούς σας "
|
|
"τύπους, έτσι είναι\n"
|
|
"αρκεί για να εφαρμοστεί μόνο το \"From\" για να ληφθεί αυτόματα μια "
|
|
"αντίστοιχη υλοποίηση \"Into\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"1. Execute the above program and look at the compiler error.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"2. Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"3. Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`,\n"
|
|
" `i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try\n"
|
|
" converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the\n"
|
|
" [standard library documentation][1] to see if `From<T>` is implemented "
|
|
"for\n"
|
|
" the pairs you check."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"3. Αλλάξτε τους τύπους \"x\" και \"y\" σε άλλα πράγματα (όπως \"f32\", "
|
|
"\"bool\",\n"
|
|
" `i128`) για να δείτε ποιους τύπους μπορείτε να μετατρέψετε σε ποιους "
|
|
"άλλους τύπους. Δοκιμάστε\n"
|
|
" μετατροπή μικρών τύπων σε μεγάλους τύπους και το αντίστροφο. Ελεγξε το\n"
|
|
" [τυπική τεκμηρίωση βιβλιοθήκης][1] για να δείτε εάν το \"From<T>\" έχει "
|
|
"εφαρμοστεί για\n"
|
|
" τα ζευγάρια που ελέγχετε."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Arrays and `for` Loops"
|
|
msgstr "# Πίνακες και βρόχοι «για»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:"
|
|
msgstr "Είδαμε ότι ένας πίνακας μπορεί να δηλωθεί ως εξής:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with `{:?}"
|
|
"`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορείτε να εκτυπώσετε έναν τέτοιο πίνακα ζητώντας την αναπαράστασή του για "
|
|
"τον εντοπισμό σφαλμάτων με \"{:?}\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for`\n"
|
|
"keyword:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust σάς επιτρέπει να επαναλαμβάνετε πράγματα όπως πίνακες και εύρη "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιώντας το \"για\".\n"
|
|
"λέξη-κλειδί:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" print!(\"Iterating over array:\");\n"
|
|
" for n in array {\n"
|
|
" print!(\" {n}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
" print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:38
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the above to write a function `pretty_print` which pretty-print a matrix "
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
"a function `transpose` which will transpose a matrix (turn rows into "
|
|
"columns):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Χρησιμοποιήστε τα παραπάνω για να γράψετε μια συνάρτηση «pretty_print» που "
|
|
"εκτυπώνει όμορφα έναν πίνακα και\n"
|
|
"μια συνάρτηση \"transpose\" που θα μεταφέρει έναν πίνακα (μετατρέπει τις "
|
|
"γραμμές σε στήλες):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n"
|
|
"\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n"
|
|
" ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:47
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Σκληρός κώδικας και των δύο συναρτήσεων για λειτουργία σε πίνακες 3 × 3."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:49
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the\n"
|
|
"functions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/> και "
|
|
"εφαρμόστε το\n"
|
|
"λειτουργίες:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let matrix = [\n"
|
|
" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
|
|
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:80
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Bonus Question"
|
|
msgstr "## Ερώτηση μπόνους"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:82
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for your\n"
|
|
"argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-dimensional\n"
|
|
"slice-of-slices. Why or why not?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα μπορούσατε να χρησιμοποιήσετε φέτες \"&[i32]\" αντί για σκληρούς "
|
|
"κωδικοποιημένους πίνακες 3 × 3 για\n"
|
|
"όρισμα και τύποι επιστροφής; Κάτι σαν \"&[&[i32]]\" για ένα δισδιάστατο\n"
|
|
"φέτα φέτες. Γιατί ή γιατί όχι?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:87
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production "
|
|
"quality\n"
|
|
"implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Δείτε το [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) για ποιότητα παραγωγής\n"
|
|
"εκτέλεση."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:92
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the \n"
|
|
"[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η λύση και η απάντηση στην ενότητα μπόνους είναι διαθέσιμες στο\n"
|
|
"Ενότητα [Λύση](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Variables"
|
|
msgstr "# Μεταβλητές"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are immutable "
|
|
"by\n"
|
|
"default:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust παρέχει ασφάλεια τύπου μέσω στατικής πληκτρολόγησης. Οι δεσμεύσεις "
|
|
"μεταβλητών είναι αμετάβλητες κατά\n"
|
|
"Προκαθορισμένο:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" // x = 20;\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:17
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the "
|
|
"types less and less as the course progresses.\n"
|
|
"* Note that since `println!` is a macro, `x` is not moved, even using the "
|
|
"function like syntax of `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Λόγω συμπερασμάτων τύπου, το «i32» είναι προαιρετικό. Σταδιακά θα "
|
|
"δείχνουμε τους τύπους όλο και λιγότερο όσο προχωρά ο τύπος.\n"
|
|
"* Σημειώστε ότι επειδή το \"println!\" είναι μακροεντολή, το \"x\" δεν "
|
|
"μετακινείται, ακόμη και χρησιμοποιώντας τη συνάρτηση όπως η σύνταξη του "
|
|
"\"println!(\"x: {}\", x)\""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Type Inference"
|
|
msgstr "# Τύπος Συμπερασματικά"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust θα εξετάσει πώς χρησιμοποιείται η μεταβλητή για να προσδιορίσει τον "
|
|
"τύπο:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = 10;\n"
|
|
" let y = 20;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" takes_u32(x);\n"
|
|
" takes_i8(y);\n"
|
|
" // takes_u32(y);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on "
|
|
"constraints given by variable declarations and usages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:28
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not "
|
|
"of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can\n"
|
|
"hold any data. The machine code generated by such declaration is identical "
|
|
"to the explicit declaration of a type.\n"
|
|
"The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτή η διαφάνεια δείχνει πώς ο μεταγλωττιστής Rust συμπεραίνει τύπους με "
|
|
"βάση περιορισμούς που δίνονται από δηλώσεις και χρήσεις μεταβλητών.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"Είναι πολύ σημαντικό να τονίσουμε ότι οι μεταβλητές που δηλώνονται όπως αυτή "
|
|
"δεν είναι κάποιου είδους δυναμικού \"οποιουδήποτε τύπου\" που μπορεί\n"
|
|
"κρατήστε τυχόν δεδομένα. Ο κωδικός μηχανής που δημιουργείται από μια τέτοια "
|
|
"δήλωση είναι πανομοιότυπος με τη ρητή δήλωση ενός τύπου.\n"
|
|
"Ο μεταγλωττιστής κάνει τη δουλειά για εμάς και μας βοηθά να γράψουμε έναν "
|
|
"πιο συνοπτικό κώδικα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:32
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic "
|
|
"container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, "
|
|
"using `_` as a placeholder:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ο ακόλουθος κώδικας λέει στον μεταγλωττιστή να αντιγράψει σε ένα "
|
|
"συγκεκριμένο γενικό κοντέινερ χωρίς ποτέ ο κώδικας να προσδιορίζει ρητά τον "
|
|
"τύπο που περιέχεται, χρησιμοποιώντας το «_» ως σύμβολο κράτησης θέσης:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" v.push((10, false));\n"
|
|
" v.push((20, true));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let vv = v.iter().collect::<std::collections::HashSet<_>>();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:46
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
|
|
"html#method.collect) relies on `FromIterator`, which [`HashSet`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) implements."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το [`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
|
|
"html#method.collect) βασίζεται στο `FromIterator`, το οποίο [`HashSet`]"
|
|
"(https:/ /doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) υλοποιεί."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Static and Constant Variables"
|
|
msgstr "# Στατικές και σταθερές μεταβλητές"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Global state is managed with static and constant variables."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η διαχείριση της παγκόσμιας κατάστασης γίνεται με στατικές και σταθερές "
|
|
"μεταβλητές."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## `const`"
|
|
msgstr "## «const»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can declare compile-time constants:"
|
|
msgstr "Μπορείτε να δηλώσετε σταθερές χρόνου μεταγλώττισης:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = 3;\n"
|
|
"const ZERO: Option<u8> = Some(42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> [u8; DIGEST_SIZE] {\n"
|
|
" let mut digest = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE];\n"
|
|
" for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
" digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE] = digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE]."
|
|
"wrapping_add(b);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" digest\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "According the the [Rust RFC Book][1] these are inlined upon use."
|
|
msgstr "Σύμφωνα με το [Rust RFC Book][1], αυτά ενσωματώνονται κατά τη χρήση."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## `static`"
|
|
msgstr "## «στατικό»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can also declare static variables:"
|
|
msgstr "Μπορείτε επίσης να δηλώσετε στατικές μεταβλητές:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:41
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book][1], these are not inlined upon use and have "
|
|
"an actual associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and "
|
|
"embedded code, and the variable lives through the entirety of the program "
|
|
"execution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Όπως σημειώνεται στο [Rust RFC Book][1], αυτά δεν είναι ενσωματωμένα κατά τη "
|
|
"χρήση και έχουν μια πραγματική συσχετισμένη θέση μνήμης. Αυτό είναι χρήσιμο "
|
|
"για μη ασφαλή και ενσωματωμένο κώδικα και η μεταβλητή ζει σε όλη την "
|
|
"εκτέλεση του προγράμματος."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:44
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will look at mutating static data in the [chapter on Unsafe Rust](../"
|
|
"unsafe.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα εξετάσουμε τη μετάλλαξη στατικών δεδομένων στο [κεφάλαιο για την Μη "
|
|
"ασφαλή σκουριά] (../unsafe.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:48
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`.\n"
|
|
"* `static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable "
|
|
"global variable in C++.\n"
|
|
"* It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, "
|
|
"but it is helpful and safer than using a static."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Αναφέρετε ότι το «const» συμπεριφέρεται σημασιολογικά παρόμοια με το "
|
|
"«constexpr» της C++.\n"
|
|
"* Το «static», από την άλλη πλευρά, μοιάζει πολύ περισσότερο με μια «const» "
|
|
"ή μεταβλητή καθολική μεταβλητή στη C++.\n"
|
|
"* Δεν είναι πολύ συνηθισμένο να χρειάζεται κάποιος μια σταθερά αξιολόγησης "
|
|
"χρόνου εκτέλεσης, αλλά είναι χρήσιμο και ασφαλέστερο από τη χρήση στατικού."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Scopes and Shadowing"
|
|
msgstr "# Πεδίο εφαρμογής και σκίαση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
"same scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορείτε να σκιάζετε μεταβλητές, τόσο αυτές από εξωτερικά πεδία όσο και "
|
|
"μεταβλητές από το\n"
|
|
"ίδιο εύρος:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"before: {a}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let a = \"hello\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let a = true;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"after: {a}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Definition: Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing "
|
|
"both variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available "
|
|
"under the same name, depending where you use it in the code. \n"
|
|
"* A shadowing variable can have a different type. \n"
|
|
"* Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to "
|
|
"values after `.unwrap()`.\n"
|
|
"* The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse memory "
|
|
"locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if the type "
|
|
"does not change."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Ορισμός: Η σκίαση είναι διαφορετική από τη μετάλλαξη, γιατί μετά τη σκίαση "
|
|
"υπάρχουν και οι δύο θέσεις μνήμης της μεταβλητής ταυτόχρονα. Και τα δύο "
|
|
"είναι διαθέσιμα με το ίδιο όνομα, ανάλογα με το πού το χρησιμοποιείτε στον "
|
|
"κωδικό.\n"
|
|
"* Μια μεταβλητή σκίασης μπορεί να έχει διαφορετικό τύπο.\n"
|
|
"* Η σκίαση φαίνεται ασαφής στην αρχή, αλλά είναι βολική για να κρατάτε τις "
|
|
"τιμές μετά το «.unwrap()».\n"
|
|
"* Ο ακόλουθος κώδικας δείχνει γιατί ο μεταγλωττιστής δεν μπορεί απλώς να "
|
|
"επαναχρησιμοποιήσει θέσεις μνήμης όταν σκιάζει μια αμετάβλητη μεταβλητή σε "
|
|
"ένα εύρος, ακόμα κι αν ο τύπος δεν αλλάξει."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = 1;\n"
|
|
" let b = &a;\n"
|
|
" let a = a + 1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "# Διαχείριση μνήμης"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:"
|
|
msgstr "Παραδοσιακά, οι γλώσσες χωρίζονται σε δύο μεγάλες κατηγορίες:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ...\n"
|
|
"* Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, "
|
|
"Haskell, ..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Πλήρης έλεγχος μέσω χειροκίνητης διαχείρισης μνήμης: C, C++, Pascal, ...\n"
|
|
"* Πλήρης ασφάλεια μέσω αυτόματης διαχείρισης μνήμης κατά την εκτέλεση: Java, "
|
|
"Python, Go, Haskell, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust offers a new mix:"
|
|
msgstr "Η Rust προσφέρει ένα νέο μείγμα:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> Full control *and* safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory\n"
|
|
"> management."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> Πλήρης έλεγχος *και* ασφάλεια μέσω επιβολής χρόνου μεταγλώττισης της "
|
|
"σωστής μνήμης\n"
|
|
"> διαχείριση."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept."
|
|
msgstr "Το κάνει αυτό με μια ρητή έννοια ιδιοκτησίας."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:15
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works."
|
|
msgstr "Αρχικά, ας ανανεώσουμε τον τρόπο λειτουργίας της διαχείρισης μνήμης."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# The Stack vs The Heap"
|
|
msgstr "# The Stack vs The Heap"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables.\n"
|
|
" * Values have fixed sizes known at compile time.\n"
|
|
" * Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer.\n"
|
|
" * Easy to manage: follows function calls.\n"
|
|
" * Great memory locality.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls.\n"
|
|
" * Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime.\n"
|
|
" * Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed.\n"
|
|
" * No guarantee of memory locality."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Στοίβα: Συνεχής περιοχή μνήμης για τοπικές μεταβλητές.\n"
|
|
" * Οι τιμές έχουν σταθερά μεγέθη γνωστά κατά το χρόνο μεταγλώττισης.\n"
|
|
" * Εξαιρετικά γρήγορο: απλώς μετακινήστε έναν δείκτη στοίβας.\n"
|
|
" * Εύκολο στη διαχείριση: ακολουθεί κλήσεις λειτουργιών.\n"
|
|
" * Μεγάλη τοποθεσία μνήμης."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Stack Memory"
|
|
msgstr "# Στοίβα Μνήμη"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized data on the stack and dynamically "
|
|
"sized\n"
|
|
"data on the heap:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η δημιουργία ενός \"String\" τοποθετεί δεδομένα σταθερού μεγέθους στη στοίβα "
|
|
"και δυναμικά μεγέθη\n"
|
|
"δεδομένα για το σωρό:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and "
|
|
"length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is "
|
|
"heap allocated using the [System Allocator] and custom allocators can be "
|
|
"implemented using the [Allocator API]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should "
|
|
"point out that this is rightfully unsafe!\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
" s1.push(' ');\n"
|
|
" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n"
|
|
" // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n"
|
|
" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could "
|
|
"lead to\n"
|
|
" // undefined behavior.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" let (capacity, ptr, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::"
|
|
"transmute(s1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = "
|
|
"{capacity}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Manual Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "# Χειροκίνητη διαχείριση μνήμης"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself."
|
|
msgstr "Εκχωρείτε και εκχωρείτε τη μνήμη σωρού μόνοι σας."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security "
|
|
"vulnerabilities, and memory leaks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν δεν γίνει με προσοχή, αυτό μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε σφάλματα, σφάλματα, "
|
|
"ευπάθειες ασφαλείας και διαρροές μνήμης."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## C Example"
|
|
msgstr "## Γ Παράδειγμα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Πρέπει να καλείτε \"δωρεάν\" σε κάθε δείκτη που εκχωρείτε με το \"malloc\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"void foo(size_t n) {\n"
|
|
" int* int_array = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" // ... lots of code\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" free(int_array);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:21
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and `free`: "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
"pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η μνήμη διαρρέει εάν η συνάρτηση επιστρέψει νωρίς μεταξύ \"malloc\" και "
|
|
"\"free\": το\n"
|
|
"Ο δείκτης χάνεται και δεν μπορούμε να εκχωρήσουμε τη μνήμη."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Scope-Based Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "# Διαχείριση μνήμης βάσει εύρους"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Οι κατασκευαστές και οι καταστροφείς σάς επιτρέπουν να κολλήσετε στη "
|
|
"διάρκεια ζωής ενός αντικειμένου."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object is\n"
|
|
"destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an exception "
|
|
"is\n"
|
|
"raised."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τυλίγοντας έναν δείκτη σε ένα αντικείμενο, μπορείτε να ελευθερώσετε μνήμη "
|
|
"όταν το αντικείμενο βρίσκεται\n"
|
|
"καταστράφηκε από. Ο μεταγλωττιστής εγγυάται ότι αυτό συμβαίνει, ακόμα κι αν "
|
|
"υπάρχει εξαίρεση\n"
|
|
"ανυψώθηκε."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and "
|
|
"gives\n"
|
|
"you smart pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτό συχνά ονομάζεται _απόκτηση πόρων είναι αρχικοποίηση_ (RAII) και δίνει\n"
|
|
"έξυπνοι δείκτες."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## C++ Example"
|
|
msgstr "## Παράδειγμα C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c++\n"
|
|
"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr<Person> person) {\n"
|
|
" std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to\n"
|
|
" memory allocated on the heap.\n"
|
|
"* At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run.\n"
|
|
"* The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Το αντικείμενο `std::unique_ptr` εκχωρείται στη στοίβα και δείχνει σε\n"
|
|
" μνήμη που εκχωρείται στο σωρό.\n"
|
|
"* Στο τέλος του «say_hello», θα εκτελεστεί ο καταστροφέας «std::"
|
|
"unique_ptr».\n"
|
|
"* Ο καταστροφέας ελευθερώνει το αντικείμενο «Person» στο οποίο δείχνει."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Οι ειδικοί κατασκευαστές μετακίνησης χρησιμοποιούνται όταν μεταβιβάζεται η "
|
|
"ιδιοκτησία σε μια συνάρτηση:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c++\n"
|
|
"std::unique_ptr<Person> person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n"
|
|
"say_hello(std::move(person));\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Automatic Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "# Αυτόματη διαχείριση μνήμης"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic "
|
|
"memory\n"
|
|
"management:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μια εναλλακτική λύση στη χειροκίνητη διαχείριση μνήμης και τη διαχείριση "
|
|
"μνήμης βάσει εύρους είναι η αυτόματη μνήμη\n"
|
|
"διαχείριση:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly.\n"
|
|
"* A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the "
|
|
"programmer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Ο προγραμματιστής ποτέ δεν εκχωρεί ή εκχωρεί μνήμη ρητά.\n"
|
|
"* Ένας συλλέκτης σκουπιδιών βρίσκει αχρησιμοποίητη μνήμη και την εκχωρεί "
|
|
"στον προγραμματιστή."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Java Example"
|
|
msgstr "## Παράδειγμα Java"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το αντικείμενο \"person\" δεν εκχωρείται μετά την επιστροφή του \"sayHello\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"void sayHello(Person person) {\n"
|
|
" System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Memory Management in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "# Διαχείριση μνήμης σε Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:"
|
|
msgstr "Η διαχείριση μνήμης στο Rust είναι ένας συνδυασμός:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector.\n"
|
|
"* Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you "
|
|
"choose, can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically "
|
|
"reference counted.\n"
|
|
"* Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence.\n"
|
|
"* A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even "
|
|
"have no cost at runtime like C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Ασφαλές και σωστό όπως η Java, αλλά χωρίς σκουπιδοσυλλέκτη.\n"
|
|
"* Ανάλογα με το ποια αφαίρεση (ή συνδυασμό αφαιρέσεων) επιλέγετε, μπορεί να "
|
|
"είναι ένας μοναδικός δείκτης, να μετράται η αναφορά ή να μετράται ατομικά η "
|
|
"αναφορά.\n"
|
|
"* Βασίζεται στο πεδίο εφαρμογής όπως η C++, αλλά ο μεταγλωττιστής επιβάλλει "
|
|
"την πλήρη συμμόρφωση.\n"
|
|
"* Ένας χρήστης του Rust μπορεί να επιλέξει τη σωστή αφαίρεση για την "
|
|
"κατάσταση, μερικοί μάλιστα δεν έχουν κόστος κατά τη διάρκεια εκτέλεσης όπως "
|
|
"το C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly."
|
|
msgstr "Αυτό το επιτυγχάνει διαμορφώνοντας ρητά την _ownership_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually "
|
|
"handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box], [Vec], [Rc], or [Arc]. These "
|
|
"encapsulate ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent "
|
|
"the potential errors in C.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop] trait is the Rust "
|
|
"equivalent."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Εάν ρωτήσετε πώς σε αυτό το σημείο, μπορείτε να αναφέρετε ότι στο Rust "
|
|
"αυτό συνήθως αντιμετωπίζεται από τύπους περιτυλίγματος RAII όπως [Box], "
|
|
"[Vec], [Rc] ή [Arc]. Αυτά ενσωματώνουν την ιδιοκτησία και την εκχώρηση "
|
|
"μνήμης με διάφορα μέσα και αποτρέπουν τα πιθανά σφάλματα στο C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Comparison"
|
|
msgstr "# Σύγκριση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques."
|
|
msgstr "Ακολουθεί μια πρόχειρη σύγκριση των τεχνικών διαχείρισης μνήμης."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques"
|
|
msgstr "## Πλεονεκτήματα Διαφορετικών Τεχνικών Διαχείρισης Μνήμης"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Manual like C:\n"
|
|
" * No runtime overhead.\n"
|
|
"* Automatic like Java:\n"
|
|
" * Fully automatic.\n"
|
|
" * Safe and correct.\n"
|
|
"* Scope-based like C++:\n"
|
|
" * Partially automatic.\n"
|
|
" * No runtime overhead.\n"
|
|
"* Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:\n"
|
|
" * Enforced by compiler.\n"
|
|
" * No runtime overhead.\n"
|
|
" * Safe and correct."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Εγχειρίδιο όπως C:\n"
|
|
" * Χωρίς επιβάρυνση χρόνου εκτέλεσης.\n"
|
|
"* Αυτόματο όπως Java:\n"
|
|
" * Εντελώς αυτόματο.\n"
|
|
" * Ασφαλές και σωστό.\n"
|
|
"* Βασισμένο σε πεδίο εφαρμογής όπως η C++:\n"
|
|
" * Μερικώς αυτόματο.\n"
|
|
" * Χωρίς επιβάρυνση χρόνου εκτέλεσης.\n"
|
|
"* Βασισμένο σε εύρος με επιβολή μεταγλωττιστή όπως το Rust:\n"
|
|
" * Επιβάλλεται από τον μεταγλωττιστή.\n"
|
|
" * Χωρίς επιβάρυνση χρόνου εκτέλεσης.\n"
|
|
" * Ασφαλές και σωστό."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques"
|
|
msgstr "## Μειονεκτήματα των διαφορετικών τεχνικών διαχείρισης μνήμης"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Manual like C:\n"
|
|
" * Use-after-free.\n"
|
|
" * Double-frees.\n"
|
|
" * Memory leaks.\n"
|
|
"* Automatic like Java:\n"
|
|
" * Garbage collection pauses.\n"
|
|
" * Destructor delays.\n"
|
|
"* Scope-based like C++:\n"
|
|
" * Complex, opt-in by programmer.\n"
|
|
" * Potential for use-after-free.\n"
|
|
"* Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:\n"
|
|
" * Some upfront complexity.\n"
|
|
" * Can reject valid programs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Εγχειρίδιο όπως C:\n"
|
|
" * Χρήση-μετά-δωρεάν.\n"
|
|
" * Διπλό δωρεάν.\n"
|
|
" * Διαρροές μνήμης.\n"
|
|
"* Αυτόματο όπως Java:\n"
|
|
" * Παύσεις αποκομιδής σκουπιδιών.\n"
|
|
" * Καθυστερήσεις καταστροφέων.\n"
|
|
"* Βασισμένο σε πεδίο εφαρμογής όπως η C++:\n"
|
|
" * Σύνθετο, συμμετοχή από προγραμματιστή.\n"
|
|
" * Δυνατότητα χρήσης-μετά-δωρεάν.\n"
|
|
"* Επιβάλλεται από μεταγλωττιστή και βασίζεται σε εύρος όπως το Rust:\n"
|
|
" * Κάποια εκ των προτέρων πολυπλοκότητα.\n"
|
|
" * Μπορεί να απορρίψει έγκυρα προγράμματα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Ownership"
|
|
msgstr "# Ιδιοκτησία"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error "
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
"use a variable outside its scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Όλες οι δεσμεύσεις μεταβλητών έχουν _scope_ όπου είναι έγκυρες και είναι "
|
|
"σφάλμα\n"
|
|
"χρησιμοποιήστε μια μεταβλητή εκτός του πεδίου εφαρμογής της:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed.\n"
|
|
"* A destructor can run here to free up resources.\n"
|
|
"* We say that the variable _owns_ the value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Στο τέλος του εύρους, η μεταβλητή _αποτέθηκε_ και τα δεδομένα "
|
|
"ελευθερώνονται.\n"
|
|
"* Ένας καταστροφέας μπορεί να τρέξει εδώ για να ελευθερώσει πόρους.\n"
|
|
"* Λέμε ότι η μεταβλητή _κατέχει_ την τιμή."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Move Semantics"
|
|
msgstr "# Move Semantics"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "An assignment will transfer ownership between variables:"
|
|
msgstr "Μια ανάθεση θα μεταβιβάσει την ιδιοκτησία μεταξύ μεταβλητών:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n"
|
|
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership.\n"
|
|
"* The data was _moved_ from `s1` and `s1` is no longer accessible.\n"
|
|
"* When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it has no ownership.\n"
|
|
"* When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed.\n"
|
|
"* There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Η εκχώρηση του `s1` στο `s2` μεταβιβάζει την ιδιοκτησία.\n"
|
|
"* Τα δεδομένα _μετακινήθηκαν_ από το `s1` και το `s1` δεν είναι πλέον "
|
|
"προσβάσιμο.\n"
|
|
"* Όταν το `s1` βγαίνει εκτός πεδίου εφαρμογής, δεν συμβαίνει τίποτα: δεν "
|
|
"έχει ιδιοκτησία.\n"
|
|
"* Όταν το `s2` βγαίνει εκτός εύρους, τα δεδομένα συμβολοσειράς "
|
|
"ελευθερώνονται.\n"
|
|
"* Υπάρχει πάντα _exactly_ μία δέσμευση μεταβλητής που κατέχει μια τιμή."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by "
|
|
"value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Αναφέρετε ότι αυτό είναι το αντίθετο από τις προεπιλογές της C++, η οποία "
|
|
"αντιγράφει με βάση την τιμή, εκτός και αν χρησιμοποιήσετε το `std::move` "
|
|
"(και ορίζεται ο κατασκευαστής κίνησης!)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Moved Strings in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "# Μετακινήθηκαν χορδές σε σκουριά"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n"
|
|
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`.\n"
|
|
"* When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Τα δεδομένα σωρού από το `s1` επαναχρησιμοποιούνται για το `s2`.\n"
|
|
"* Όταν το `s1` βγαίνει εκτός πεδίου εφαρμογής, δεν συμβαίνει τίποτα (έχει "
|
|
"μετακινηθεί από)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Before move to `s2`:"
|
|
msgstr "Πριν μεταβείτε στο `s2`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:30
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "After move to `s2`:"
|
|
msgstr "Μετά τη μετάβαση στο `s2`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n"
|
|
": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": s2 : |\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : |\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ :\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Double Frees in Modern C++"
|
|
msgstr "# Double Frees στη σύγχρονη C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:"
|
|
msgstr "Η σύγχρονη C++ το λύνει διαφορετικά:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c++\n"
|
|
"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n"
|
|
"std::string s2 = s1; // Duplicate the data in s1.\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent "
|
|
"copy.\n"
|
|
"* When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Τα δεδομένα σωρού από το `s1` είναι διπλά και το `s2` αποκτά το δικό του "
|
|
"ανεξάρτητο αντίγραφο.\n"
|
|
"* Όταν τα «s1» και «s2» βγαίνουν εκτός πεδίου εφαρμογής, το καθένα "
|
|
"απελευθερώνει τη δική του μνήμη."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Before copy-assignment:"
|
|
msgstr "Πριν την αντιγραφή-ανάθεση:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:30
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "After copy-assignment:"
|
|
msgstr "Μετά την αντιγραφή-ανάθεση:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s2 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Moves in Function Calls"
|
|
msgstr "# Κινήσεις σε κλήσεις συναρτήσεων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function\n"
|
|
"parameter. This transfers ownership:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Όταν μεταβιβάζετε μια τιμή σε μια συνάρτηση, η τιμή εκχωρείται στη "
|
|
"συνάρτηση\n"
|
|
"παράμετρος. Αυτό μεταβιβάζει την ιδιοκτησία:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn say_hello(name: String) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n"
|
|
" say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
" // say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. "
|
|
"Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`.\n"
|
|
"* The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the "
|
|
"`say_hello` function.\n"
|
|
"* `main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) "
|
|
"and if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter.\n"
|
|
"* Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name."
|
|
"clone()`).\n"
|
|
"* Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making "
|
|
"move semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones "
|
|
"explicit."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Με την πρώτη κλήση στο \"say_hello\", ο \"main\" παραιτείται από την "
|
|
"ιδιοκτησία του \"name\". Στη συνέχεια, το \"όνομα\" δεν μπορεί να "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιηθεί πλέον στο \"κύριο\".\n"
|
|
"* Η μνήμη σωρού που έχει εκχωρηθεί για το \"όνομα\" θα ελευθερωθεί στο τέλος "
|
|
"της συνάρτησης \"say_hello\".\n"
|
|
"* Το \"main\" μπορεί να διατηρήσει την ιδιοκτησία εάν μεταβιβάσει το "
|
|
"\"name\" ως αναφορά (\"&name\") και εάν το \"say_hello\" αποδεχτεί μια "
|
|
"αναφορά ως παράμετρο.\n"
|
|
"* Εναλλακτικά, το \"main\" μπορεί να περάσει έναν κλώνο του \"name\" στην "
|
|
"πρώτη κλήση (\"name.clone()\").\n"
|
|
"* Το Rust καθιστά δυσκολότερο από την C++ την ακούσια δημιουργία αντιγράφων "
|
|
"καθιστώντας τη σημασιολογία κίνησης ως προεπιλογή και αναγκάζοντας τους "
|
|
"προγραμματιστές να κάνουν τους κλώνους ξεκάθαρους."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Copying and Cloning"
|
|
msgstr "# Αντιγραφή και κλωνοποίηση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ενώ η σημασιολογία μετακίνησης είναι η προεπιλογή, ορισμένοι τύποι "
|
|
"αντιγράφονται από προεπιλογή:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = 42;\n"
|
|
" let y = x;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait."
|
|
msgstr "Αυτοί οι τύποι εφαρμόζουν το χαρακτηριστικό «Αντιγραφή»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορείτε να επιλέξετε τους δικούς σας τύπους για χρήση σημασιολογίας "
|
|
"αντιγραφής:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:30
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data.\n"
|
|
"* We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Μετά την ανάθεση, τόσο το «p1» και το «p2» έχουν τα δικά τους δεδομένα.\n"
|
|
"* Μπορούμε επίσης να χρησιμοποιήσουμε το «p1.clone()» για να αντιγράψουμε "
|
|
"ρητά τα δεδομένα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:35
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:"
|
|
msgstr "Η αντιγραφή και η κλωνοποίηση δεν είναι το ίδιο πράγμα:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on "
|
|
"arbitrary objects.\n"
|
|
"* Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C+"
|
|
"+).\n"
|
|
"* Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by "
|
|
"implementing the `Clone` trait.\n"
|
|
"* Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Η αντιγραφή αναφέρεται σε αντίγραφα bitwise περιοχών μνήμης και δεν "
|
|
"λειτουργεί σε αυθαίρετα αντικείμενα.\n"
|
|
"* Η αντιγραφή δεν επιτρέπει προσαρμοσμένη λογική (σε αντίθεση με τους "
|
|
"κατασκευαστές αντιγραφής στη C++).\n"
|
|
"* Η κλωνοποίηση είναι μια πιο γενική λειτουργία και επιτρέπει επίσης "
|
|
"προσαρμοσμένη συμπεριφορά με την εφαρμογή του χαρακτηριστικού "
|
|
"«Κλωνοποίηση».\n"
|
|
"* Η αντιγραφή δεν λειτουργεί σε τύπους που εφαρμόζουν το χαρακτηριστικό "
|
|
"«Drop»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:42 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In the above example, try the following:"
|
|
msgstr "Στο παραπάνω παράδειγμα, δοκιμάστε τα εξής:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:44
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because "
|
|
"`String` is not a `Copy` type.\n"
|
|
"* Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in "
|
|
"the `println!` for `p1`.\n"
|
|
"* Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Προσθέστε ένα πεδίο «String» στο «struct Point». Δεν θα μεταγλωττιστεί "
|
|
"επειδή το \"String\" δεν είναι τύπος \"Αντιγραφή\".\n"
|
|
"* Καταργήστε το \"Copy\" από το χαρακτηριστικό \"derive\". Το σφάλμα "
|
|
"μεταγλωττιστή βρίσκεται τώρα στο «println!» για το «p1».\n"
|
|
"* Δείξτε ότι λειτουργεί εάν αντ' αυτού κλωνοποιήσετε το \"p1\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:48
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a way "
|
|
"to generate code in Rust\n"
|
|
"at compile time. In this case the default implementations of `Copy` and "
|
|
"`Clone` traits are generated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν οι μαθητές ρωτήσουν για το «derive», αρκεί να πούμε ότι αυτός είναι ένας "
|
|
"τρόπος δημιουργίας κώδικα στο Rust\n"
|
|
"την ώρα της μεταγλώττισης. Σε αυτήν την περίπτωση δημιουργούνται οι "
|
|
"προεπιλεγμένες υλοποιήσεις των χαρακτηριστικών «Αντιγραφή» και "
|
|
"«Κλωνοποίηση».\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Borrowing"
|
|
msgstr "#Δανεισμός"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, you can let a\n"
|
|
"function _borrow_ the value:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αντί να μεταβιβάζετε την ιδιοκτησία κατά την κλήση μιας συνάρτησης, μπορείτε "
|
|
"να αφήσετε α\n"
|
|
"συνάρτηση _borrow_ την τιμή:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
|
|
" Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point.\n"
|
|
"* The caller retains ownership of the inputs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Η συνάρτηση «προσθήκη» _δανείζεται_ δύο σημεία και επιστρέφει ένα νέο "
|
|
"σημείο.\n"
|
|
"* Ο καλών διατηρεί την κυριότητα των εισόδων."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:27
|
|
msgid "Notes on stack returns:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can "
|
|
"eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses "
|
|
"and run it on the [Playground]. In the \"DEBUG\" optimization level, the "
|
|
"addresses should change, while they stay the same when changing to the "
|
|
"\"RELEASE\" setting:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
" struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n"
|
|
" p\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"* The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO).\n"
|
|
"* In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification "
|
|
"because constructors can have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at "
|
|
"all. If RVO did not happen, Rust will always performs a simple and efficient "
|
|
"`memcpy` copy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Shared and Unique Borrows"
|
|
msgstr "# Κοινόχρηστα και μοναδικά δάνεια"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust θέτει περιορισμούς στους τρόπους με τους οποίους μπορείτε να "
|
|
"δανειστείτε τιμές:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* You can have one or more `&T` values at any given time, _or_\n"
|
|
"* You can have exactly one `&mut T` value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Μπορείτε να έχετε μία ή περισσότερες τιμές \"&T\" ανά πάσα στιγμή, _ή_\n"
|
|
"* Μπορείτε να έχετε ακριβώς μία τιμή «&mut T»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" let b: &i32 = &a;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n"
|
|
" *c = 20;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable "
|
|
"(through `c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time.\n"
|
|
"* Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` "
|
|
"to make the code compile.\n"
|
|
"* After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before "
|
|
"the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow "
|
|
"checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Ο παραπάνω κώδικας δεν μεταγλωττίζεται επειδή το «a» δανείζεται ταυτόχρονα "
|
|
"ως mutable (μέσω «c») και ως αμετάβλητο (μέσω «b»).\n"
|
|
"* Μετακινήστε τη δήλωση «println!» για το «b» πριν από το εύρος που εισάγει "
|
|
"το «c» για να κάνετε μεταγλώττιση του κώδικα.\n"
|
|
"* Μετά από αυτήν την αλλαγή, ο μεταγλωττιστής συνειδητοποιεί ότι το \"b\" "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιείται μόνο πριν από το νέο μεταβλητό δάνειο του \"a\" έως το "
|
|
"\"c\". Αυτό είναι ένα χαρακτηριστικό του ελεγκτή δανεισμού που ονομάζεται "
|
|
"\"μη λεξιλογικές ζωές\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Lifetimes"
|
|
msgstr "# Διάρκεια ζωής"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:"
|
|
msgstr "Μια δανεισμένη αξία έχει _διάρκεια ζωής_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The lifetime can be elided: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`.\n"
|
|
"* Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`.\n"
|
|
"* Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the\n"
|
|
" lifetime `a`\".\n"
|
|
"* Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a "
|
|
"lifetime\n"
|
|
" yourself.\n"
|
|
" * Lifetime annotations create constraints; the compiler verifies that "
|
|
"there is\n"
|
|
" a valid solution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Lifetimes in Function Calls"
|
|
msgstr "# Διάρκεια ζωής σε κλήσεις συναρτήσεων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed "
|
|
"value:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εκτός από τον δανεισμό των ορισμάτων της, μια συνάρτηση μπορεί να επιστρέψει "
|
|
"μια δανεισμένη τιμή:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:21
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler.\n"
|
|
"* Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name.\n"
|
|
"* Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the\n"
|
|
" lifetime `a`\".\n"
|
|
" * The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Το `'a` είναι μια γενική παράμετρος, συνάγεται από τον μεταγλωττιστή.\n"
|
|
"* Οι διάρκειες ζωής ξεκινούν με \"\"\" και το \"a\" είναι ένα τυπικό "
|
|
"προεπιλεγμένο όνομα.\n"
|
|
"* Διαβάστε το '&'a Point' ως \"ένα δανεικό \"Point\" που ισχύει τουλάχιστον "
|
|
"για το\n"
|
|
" διάρκεια ζωής «α»».\n"
|
|
" * Το τμήμα _τουλάχιστον_ είναι σημαντικό όταν οι παράμετροι βρίσκονται σε "
|
|
"διαφορετικά πεδία."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a a new scope (`{ ... }`), "
|
|
"resulting in the following code:\n"
|
|
" ```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
" struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p3: &Point;\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
|
|
" p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
" Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn left_most<'a, "
|
|
"'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will not compile "
|
|
"because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` is unclear.\n"
|
|
"* Another way to explain it:\n"
|
|
" * Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function "
|
|
"returns\n"
|
|
" another reference.\n"
|
|
" * It must have come from one of those two inputs (or from a global "
|
|
"variable).\n"
|
|
" * Which one is it? The compiler needs to to know, so at the call site the "
|
|
"returned reference is not used\n"
|
|
" for longer than a variable from where the reference came from."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Επαναφέρετε τον χώρο εργασίας και αλλάξτε την υπογραφή της συνάρτησης σε "
|
|
"`fn left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. Αυτό δεν "
|
|
"θα μεταγλωττιστεί επειδή η σχέση μεταξύ των χρόνων ζωής \"a\" και \"b\" "
|
|
"είναι ασαφής.\n"
|
|
"* Ένας άλλος τρόπος να το εξηγήσετε:\n"
|
|
" * Δύο αναφορές σε δύο τιμές δανείζονται από μια συνάρτηση και η συνάρτηση "
|
|
"επιστρέφει\n"
|
|
" άλλη αναφορά.\n"
|
|
" * Πρέπει να προέρχεται από μία από αυτές τις δύο εισόδους (ή από μια "
|
|
"καθολική μεταβλητή).\n"
|
|
" * Ποιο είναι απ 'όλα? Ο μεταγλωττιστής πρέπει να γνωρίζει, επομένως στον "
|
|
"ιστότοπο κλήσης δεν χρησιμοποιείται η επιστρεφόμενη αναφορά\n"
|
|
" για περισσότερο από μια μεταβλητή από την οποία προήλθε η αναφορά."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Lifetimes in Data Structures"
|
|
msgstr "# Διάρκεια ζωής σε δομές δεδομένων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν ένας τύπος δεδομένων αποθηκεύει δανεισμένα δεδομένα, πρέπει να "
|
|
"σχολιάζεται με μια διάρκεια ζωής:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn erase(text: String) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
|
|
"\");\n"
|
|
" let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n"
|
|
" let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n"
|
|
" // erase(text);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data "
|
|
"underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of "
|
|
"`Highlight` that uses that data.\n"
|
|
"* If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), "
|
|
"the borrow checker throws an error.\n"
|
|
"* Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This "
|
|
"can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them "
|
|
"somewhat harder to use.\n"
|
|
"* When possible, make data structures own their data directly.\n"
|
|
"* Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one "
|
|
"lifetime annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe "
|
|
"lifetime relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the "
|
|
"lifetime of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Στο παραπάνω παράδειγμα, ο σχολιασμός στο \"Highlight\" επιβάλλει ότι τα "
|
|
"δεδομένα που βρίσκονται κάτω από το περιεχόμενο \"&str\" ζουν τουλάχιστον "
|
|
"για όσο χρονικό διάστημα οποιοδήποτε στιγμιότυπο του \"Highlight\" που "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιεί αυτά τα δεδομένα.\n"
|
|
"* Εάν το «κείμενο» καταναλωθεί πριν από το τέλος της διάρκειας ζωής του "
|
|
"«αλεπού» (ή του «σκύλου»), ο ελεγκτής δανείου κάνει ένα σφάλμα.\n"
|
|
"* Οι τύποι με δανεικά δεδομένα αναγκάζουν τους χρήστες να παραμείνουν στα "
|
|
"αρχικά δεδομένα. Αυτό μπορεί να είναι χρήσιμο για τη δημιουργία ελαφριών "
|
|
"προβολών, αλλά γενικά τις καθιστά κάπως πιο δύσκολες στη χρήση.\n"
|
|
"* Όταν είναι δυνατόν, κάντε τις δομές δεδομένων να κατέχουν απευθείας τα "
|
|
"δεδομένα τους.\n"
|
|
"* Ορισμένες δομές με πολλαπλές αναφορές στο εσωτερικό μπορεί να έχουν "
|
|
"περισσότερους από έναν σχολιασμούς διάρκειας ζωής. Αυτό μπορεί να είναι "
|
|
"απαραίτητο εάν υπάρχει ανάγκη να περιγραφούν σχέσεις διάρκειας ζωής μεταξύ "
|
|
"των ίδιων των αναφορών, επιπλέον της διάρκειας ζωής της ίδιας της δομής. "
|
|
"Είναι πολύ προηγμένες περιπτώσεις χρήσης.\n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Day 1: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Ημέρα 1: Απογευματινές Ασκήσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We will look at two things:"
|
|
msgstr "Θα δούμε δύο πράγματα:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* A small book library,\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Iterators and ownership (hard)."
|
|
msgstr "* Iterators και ιδιοκτησία (σκληρό)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Designing a Library"
|
|
msgstr "# Σχεδιάζοντας μια Βιβλιοθήκη"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec<T>` type tomorrow. For "
|
|
"now,\n"
|
|
"you just need to know part of its API:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα μάθουμε πολλά περισσότερα για τις δομές και τον τύπο `Vec<T>` αύριο. Προς "
|
|
"το παρόν,\n"
|
|
"απλά πρέπει να γνωρίζετε μέρος του API του:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n"
|
|
" vec.push(30);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[vec.len() / 2]);\n"
|
|
" for item in vec.iter() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:17
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use this to create a library application. Copy the code below to\n"
|
|
"<https://play.rust-lang.org/> and update the types to make it compile:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Χρησιμοποιήστε αυτό για να δημιουργήσετε μια εφαρμογή βιβλιοθήκης. "
|
|
"Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κωδικό στο\n"
|
|
"<https://play.rust-lang.org/> και ενημερώστε τους τύπους για να γίνει "
|
|
"μεταγλώττιση:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Library {\n"
|
|
" books: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Book {\n"
|
|
" title: String,\n"
|
|
" year: u16,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Book {\n"
|
|
" // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
|
|
" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
|
|
" Book {\n"
|
|
" title: String::from(title),\n"
|
|
" year,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n"
|
|
"impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n"
|
|
" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
" write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Library {\n"
|
|
" fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
" // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn print_books(self) {\n"
|
|
" // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
" // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
|
|
"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
|
|
"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
|
|
"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"Our library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let favorite_book = Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Our favorite book {favorite_book} should go in the "
|
|
"library\");\n"
|
|
" //library.add_book(favorite_book);\n"
|
|
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
"1865));\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //library.print_books();\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
" // Some(book) => println!(\"My oldest book is {book}\"),\n"
|
|
" // None => println!(\"My library is empty!\"),\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"Our library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
|
|
" for book in library.books {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{book}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:104
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"[Λύση](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Iterators and Ownership"
|
|
msgstr "# Επαναληπτικοί και ιδιοκτησία"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the\n"
|
|
"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and\n"
|
|
"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator."
|
|
"html)\n"
|
|
"traits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το μοντέλο ιδιοκτησίας του Rust επηρεάζει πολλά API. Ένα παράδειγμα αυτού "
|
|
"είναι το\n"
|
|
"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) και\n"
|
|
"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator."
|
|
"html)\n"
|
|
"χαρακτηριστικά."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## `Iterator`"
|
|
msgstr "## «Iterator»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. "
|
|
"The\n"
|
|
"`Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get `None` "
|
|
"back:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τα γνωρίσματα είναι σαν διεπαφές: περιγράφουν τη συμπεριφορά (μέθοδοι) για "
|
|
"έναν τύπο. ο\n"
|
|
"Το χαρακτηριστικό «Iterator» λέει απλώς ότι μπορείτε να καλέσετε «επόμενο» "
|
|
"μέχρι να λάβετε πίσω το «Κανένα»:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"pub trait Iterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item;\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item>;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You use this trait like this:"
|
|
msgstr "Χρησιμοποιείτε αυτό το χαρακτηριστικό ως εξής:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"No more items: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:34
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ποιος είναι ο τύπος που επιστρέφει ο επαναλήπτης; Δοκιμάστε την απάντησή σας "
|
|
"εδώ:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:46
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Why is this type used?"
|
|
msgstr "Γιατί χρησιμοποιείται αυτός ο τύπος;"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:48
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## `IntoIterator`"
|
|
msgstr "## «IntoIterator»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:50
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an\n"
|
|
"iterator. The related trait `IntoIterator` tells you how to create the "
|
|
"iterator:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το χαρακτηριστικό \"Iterator\" σάς λέει πώς να _επανάληψη_ αφού "
|
|
"δημιουργήσετε ένα\n"
|
|
"επαναλήπτης. Το σχετικό χαρακτηριστικό «IntoIterator» σάς λέει πώς να "
|
|
"δημιουργήσετε τον επαναλήπτη:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:53
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"pub trait IntoIterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item;\n"
|
|
" type IntoIter: Iterator<Item = Self::Item>;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:62
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The syntax here means that every implementation of `IntoIterator` must\n"
|
|
"declare two types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η σύνταξη εδώ σημαίνει ότι κάθε υλοποίηση του «IntoIterator» πρέπει\n"
|
|
"Δηλώστε δύο τύπους:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:65
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Item`: the type we iterate over, such as `i8`,\n"
|
|
"* `IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* \"Στοιχείο\": ο τύπος που επαναλαμβάνουμε, όπως \"i8\",\n"
|
|
"* «IntoIter»: ο τύπος «Iterator» που επιστρέφεται με τη μέθοδο «into_iter»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:68
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same\n"
|
|
"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option<Item>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Σημειώστε ότι το \"IntoIter\" και το \"Item\" είναι συνδεδεμένα: ο "
|
|
"επαναλήπτης πρέπει να έχει το ίδιο\n"
|
|
"Τύπος «Στοιχείο», που σημαίνει ότι επιστρέφει «Επιλογή<Στοιχείο>»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:71
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?"
|
|
msgstr "Όπως και πριν, ποιος είναι ο τύπος που επιστρέφει ο επαναλήπτης;"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:73
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::"
|
|
"from(\"bar\")];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:83
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## `for` Loops"
|
|
msgstr "## Βρόχοι «για»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:85
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` "
|
|
"loops.\n"
|
|
"They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the resulting\n"
|
|
"iterator:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τώρα που γνωρίζουμε και τα δύο \"Iterator\" και \"IntoIterator\", μπορούμε "
|
|
"να δημιουργήσουμε βρόχους \"for\".\n"
|
|
"Καλούν «into_iter()» σε μια έκφραση και επαναλαμβάνεται πάνω από το "
|
|
"αποτέλεσμα\n"
|
|
"επαναλήπτης:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:89
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::"
|
|
"from(\"bar\")];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for word in &v {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for word in v {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:103
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "What is the type of `word` in each loop?"
|
|
msgstr "Ποιος είναι ο τύπος της λέξης σε κάθε βρόχο;"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:105
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for "
|
|
"[`impl\n"
|
|
"IntoIterator for\n"
|
|
"&Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-"
|
|
"IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
|
|
"and [`impl IntoIterator for\n"
|
|
"Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-"
|
|
"for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
|
|
"to check your answers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Πειραματιστείτε με τον παραπάνω κώδικα και, στη συνέχεια, συμβουλευτείτε την "
|
|
"τεκμηρίωση για [`impl\n"
|
|
"IntoIterator για\n"
|
|
"&Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-"
|
|
"IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
|
|
"και [`impl IntoIterator for\n"
|
|
"Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-"
|
|
"for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
|
|
"για να ελέγξετε τις απαντήσεις σας."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Welcome to Day 2"
|
|
msgstr "# Καλώς ήρθατε στην Ημέρα 2"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, we will continue with:"
|
|
msgstr "Τώρα που είδαμε αρκετή ποσότητα Rust, θα συνεχίσουμε με:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Structs, enums, methods.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, "
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
" `continue`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, "
|
|
"`Rc`\n"
|
|
" and `Arc`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Structs"
|
|
msgstr "# Κατασκευές"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:"
|
|
msgstr "Όπως η C και η C++, η Rust υποστηρίζει προσαρμοσμένες δομές:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut peter = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
|
|
" age: 27,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" peter.age = 28;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" let jackie = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n"
|
|
" ..peter\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"<details>\n"
|
|
"Key Points: "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
|
|
"Βασικά σημεία:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Structs work like in C or C++.\n"
|
|
" * Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type.\n"
|
|
" * Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs.\n"
|
|
"* Methods are defined in an `impl` block, which we will see in following "
|
|
"slides.\n"
|
|
"* This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of "
|
|
"structs. \n"
|
|
" * Zero-sized structs `e.g., struct Foo;` might be used when implementing a "
|
|
"trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the "
|
|
"value itself. \n"
|
|
" * The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names "
|
|
"are not important.\n"
|
|
"* The syntax `..peter` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the "
|
|
"old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be "
|
|
"the last element."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Tuple Structs"
|
|
msgstr "# Πουπλές Κατασκευές"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν τα ονόματα των πεδίων δεν είναι σημαντικά, μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε "
|
|
"μια δομή πλειάδας:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(17, 23);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτό χρησιμοποιείται συχνά για περιτυλίγματα ενός πεδίου (που ονομάζονται "
|
|
"νέοι τύποι):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"struct PoundOfForce(f64);\n"
|
|
"struct Newtons(f64);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundOfForce {\n"
|
|
" todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n"
|
|
" // ...\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let force = compute_thruster_force();\n"
|
|
" set_thruster_force(force);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value "
|
|
"in a primitive type, for example:\n"
|
|
" * The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above.\n"
|
|
" * The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer "
|
|
"have to validate it again at every use: 'PhoneNumber(String)` or "
|
|
"`OddNumber(u32)`.\n"
|
|
"* Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the "
|
|
"single field in the newtype.\n"
|
|
" * Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic "
|
|
"unwrapping or for instance using booleans as integers.\n"
|
|
" * Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics). "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Οι νέοι τύποι είναι ένας πολύ καλός τρόπος για να κωδικοποιήσετε πρόσθετες "
|
|
"πληροφορίες σχετικά με την τιμή σε έναν πρωτόγονο τύπο, για παράδειγμα:\n"
|
|
" * Ο αριθμός μετριέται σε ορισμένες μονάδες: «Newtons» στο παραπάνω "
|
|
"παράδειγμα.\n"
|
|
" * Η τιμή πέρασε κάποια επικύρωση όταν δημιουργήθηκε, επομένως δεν "
|
|
"χρειάζεται πλέον να την επικυρώνετε ξανά σε κάθε χρήση: "
|
|
"«PhoneNumber(String)» ή «OddNumber(u32)».\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Field Shorthand Syntax"
|
|
msgstr "# Σύντομη σύνταξη πεδίου"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the\n"
|
|
"struct using a shorthand:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν έχετε ήδη μεταβλητές με τα σωστά ονόματα, τότε μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε "
|
|
"τις\n"
|
|
"δόμηση χρησιμοποιώντας συντομογραφία:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Person {\n"
|
|
" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n"
|
|
" Person { name, age }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is "
|
|
"interchangeable with the struct type name\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
" struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" impl Person {\n"
|
|
" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self { name, age }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ``` \n"
|
|
"* Implement the `Default` trait for the struct. Define some fields and use "
|
|
"the default values for the other fields.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
" struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" impl Default for Person {\n"
|
|
" fn default() -> Person {\n"
|
|
" Person {\n"
|
|
" name: \"Bot\".to_string(),\n"
|
|
" age: 0,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" fn create_default() {\n"
|
|
" let tmp = Person {\n"
|
|
" ..Default::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" let tmp = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n"
|
|
" ..Default::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Methods are defined in the `impl` block.\n"
|
|
"* Use struct update syntax to define a new structure using `peter`. Note "
|
|
"that the variable `peter` will no longer be accessible afterwards.\n"
|
|
"* Use `{:#?}` when printing structs to request the `Debug` representation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Enums"
|
|
msgstr "# Αριθμοί"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few\n"
|
|
"different variants:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η λέξη-κλειδί «enum» επιτρέπει τη δημιουργία ενός τύπου που έχει λίγους\n"
|
|
"διαφορετικές παραλλαγές:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
" Heads,\n"
|
|
" Tails,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
" let random_number = generate_random_number();\n"
|
|
" if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" return CoinFlip::Heads;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" return CoinFlip::Tails;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:33 src/enums/sizes.md:29 src/methods.md:30
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:46 src/pattern-matching.md:25
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:22 src/control-flow/blocks.md:42
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Key Points:"
|
|
msgstr "Βασικά σημεία:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:35
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type\n"
|
|
"* This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and "
|
|
"`Tail`. You might note the namespace when using variants.\n"
|
|
"* This might be a good time to compare Structs and Enums:\n"
|
|
" * In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or "
|
|
"one with different types of fields (variant payloads). \n"
|
|
" * In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block.\n"
|
|
" * You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate "
|
|
"structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were "
|
|
"all defined in an enum. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Οι απαριθμήσεις σάς επιτρέπουν να συλλέγετε ένα σύνολο τιμών κάτω από έναν "
|
|
"τύπο\n"
|
|
"* Αυτή η σελίδα προσφέρει έναν τύπο \"CoinFlip\" με δύο παραλλαγές \"Heads\" "
|
|
"και \"Tail\". Μπορείτε να σημειώσετε τον χώρο ονομάτων όταν χρησιμοποιείτε "
|
|
"παραλλαγές.\n"
|
|
"* Αυτή μπορεί να είναι μια καλή στιγμή για να συγκρίνετε Structs και Enums:\n"
|
|
" * Και στα δύο, μπορείτε να έχετε μια απλή έκδοση χωρίς πεδία (μονάδα "
|
|
"δομής) ή μια με διαφορετικούς τύπους πεδίων (ωφέλιμα φορτία παραλλαγής).\n"
|
|
" * Και στις δύο, οι συσχετισμένες συναρτήσεις ορίζονται μέσα σε ένα μπλοκ "
|
|
"«impl».\n"
|
|
" * Θα μπορούσατε ακόμη και να εφαρμόσετε τις διαφορετικές παραλλαγές ενός "
|
|
"enum με ξεχωριστές δομές, αλλά τότε δεν θα ήταν του ίδιου τύπου όπως θα ήταν "
|
|
"αν είχαν οριστεί όλες σε ένα enum.\n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Variant Payloads"
|
|
msgstr "# Παραλλαγή ωφέλιμων φορτίων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then use "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
"`match` statement to extract the data from each variant:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορείτε να ορίσετε πλουσιότερους αριθμούς όπου οι παραλλαγές μεταφέρουν "
|
|
"δεδομένα. Στη συνέχεια, μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε το\n"
|
|
"Δήλωση «ταιριάσματος» για εξαγωγή των δεδομένων από κάθε παραλλαγή:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"enum WebEvent {\n"
|
|
" PageLoad, // Variant without payload\n"
|
|
" KeyPress(char), // Tuple struct variant\n"
|
|
" Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
|
|
" match event {\n"
|
|
" WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n"
|
|
" WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n"
|
|
" WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n"
|
|
" let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n"
|
|
" let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" inspect(load);\n"
|
|
" inspect(press);\n"
|
|
" inspect(click);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:35
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern "
|
|
"matched. The pattern binds references to the fields in the \"match arm\" "
|
|
"after the `=>`.\n"
|
|
" * The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There "
|
|
"is no fall-through like in C or C++.\n"
|
|
" * The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in "
|
|
"the match arm which was executed.\n"
|
|
" * Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then "
|
|
"run the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. \n"
|
|
"* Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the "
|
|
"advantage the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are "
|
|
"handled. \n"
|
|
"* `match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`.\n"
|
|
"* It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::"
|
|
"discriminant()`\n"
|
|
" * This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs "
|
|
"where comparing field values doesn't affect equality.\n"
|
|
"* `WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::"
|
|
"Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined version "
|
|
"cannot implement traits, for example. \n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Στο παραπάνω παράδειγμα, η πρόσβαση στο \"char\" στο \"KeyPress\" ή στο "
|
|
"\"x\" και \"y\" στο \"Click\" λειτουργεί μόνο μέσα σε μια δήλωση "
|
|
"\"ταιριάζουν\".\n"
|
|
"* Το \"match\" επιθεωρεί ένα κρυφό πεδίο διάκρισης στο \"enum\".\n"
|
|
"* Το \"WebEvent::Click { ... }\" δεν είναι ακριβώς το ίδιο με το \"WebEvent::"
|
|
"Click(Click)\" με ένα ανώτερο επίπεδο \"struct Click { ... }\". Η "
|
|
"ενσωματωμένη έκδοση δεν μπορεί να εφαρμόσει χαρακτηριστικά, για παράδειγμα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Enum Sizes"
|
|
msgstr "# Αριθμητικά μεγέθη"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into "
|
|
"account:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Οι σκουριές συσκευάζονται σφιχτά, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τους περιορισμούς λόγω "
|
|
"ευθυγράμμισης:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"macro_rules! dbg_size {\n"
|
|
" ($t:ty) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n"
|
|
" stringify!($t), size_of::<$t>(), align_of::<$t>());\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"enum Foo {\n"
|
|
" A,\n"
|
|
" B,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" dbg_size!(Foo);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Δείτε το [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum "
|
|
"variant.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with "
|
|
"C):\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" #[repr(u32)]\n"
|
|
" enum Bar {\n"
|
|
" A, // 0\n"
|
|
" B = 10000,\n"
|
|
" C, // 10001\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits "
|
|
"2\n"
|
|
" bytes.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * Try out other types such as\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" * `dbg_size!(bool)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes,\n"
|
|
" * `dbg_size!(Option<bool>)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes (niche "
|
|
"optimization, see below),\n"
|
|
" * `dbg_size!(&i32)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (on a 64-bit "
|
|
"machine),\n"
|
|
" * `dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (null pointer "
|
|
"optimization, see below).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * Niche optimization: Rust will merge use unused bit patterns for the enum\n"
|
|
" discriminant.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * Null pointer optimization: For [some\n"
|
|
" types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/#representation), Rust "
|
|
"guarantees\n"
|
|
" that `size_of::<T>()` equals `size_of::<Option<T>>()`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation *may* "
|
|
"look like in practice.\n"
|
|
" It's important to note that the compiler provides no guarantees "
|
|
"regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" use std::mem::transmute;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n"
|
|
" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, "
|
|
"$bit_type>($e));\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
|
|
" // representation of types.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<bool>\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(None::<bool>, u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<Option<bool>>\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(None::<bool>), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(None::<Option<bool>>, u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain "
|
|
"more than 256 `Option`s together.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" #![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" use std::mem::transmute;\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n"
|
|
" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, "
|
|
"$bit_type>($e));\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" "
|
|
"signs.\n"
|
|
" // Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n"
|
|
" macro_rules! many_options {\n"
|
|
" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n"
|
|
" ($value:expr, @) => {\n"
|
|
" Some(Some($value))\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n"
|
|
" many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
|
|
" // representation of types.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), "
|
|
"Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's."
|
|
"\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's."
|
|
"\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's."
|
|
"\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::<bool>, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with "
|
|
"an\n"
|
|
"`impl` block:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust σάς επιτρέπει να συσχετίζετε λειτουργίες με τους νέους τύπους σας. "
|
|
"Το κάνετε αυτό με ένα\n"
|
|
"μπλοκ \"impl\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Person {\n"
|
|
" fn say_hello(&self) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let peter = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
|
|
" age: 27,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" peter.say_hello();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions.\n"
|
|
" * Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), "
|
|
"the first parameter represents the instance as `self`.\n"
|
|
" * Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method "
|
|
"receiver syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we "
|
|
"can keep all the implementation code in one predictable place.\n"
|
|
"* Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver. \n"
|
|
" * Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self:&Self` and perhaps show "
|
|
"how the struct name could also be used. \n"
|
|
" * Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in "
|
|
"and can be used elsewhere in the block.\n"
|
|
" * Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used "
|
|
"to refer to individual fields.\n"
|
|
" * This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from "
|
|
"`self` by modifying the code and trying to run say_hello twice. \n"
|
|
"* We describe the distinction between method receivers next.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Βασικά σημεία:\n"
|
|
"* Μπορεί να είναι χρήσιμη η εισαγωγή μεθόδων συγκρίνοντάς τες με "
|
|
"συναρτήσεις.\n"
|
|
" * Οι μέθοδοι καλούνται σε μια παρουσία ενός τύπου (όπως μια δομή ή ένα "
|
|
"enum), η πρώτη παράμετρος αντιπροσωπεύει την παρουσία ως \"self\".\n"
|
|
" * Οι προγραμματιστές μπορούν να επιλέξουν να χρησιμοποιήσουν μεθόδους για "
|
|
"να επωφεληθούν από τη σύνταξη του δέκτη μεθόδων και να τους βοηθήσουν να "
|
|
"διατηρηθούν πιο οργανωμένοι. Χρησιμοποιώντας μεθόδους μπορούμε να "
|
|
"διατηρήσουμε όλο τον κώδικα υλοποίησης σε ένα προβλέψιμο μέρος.\n"
|
|
"* Επισημάνετε τη χρήση της λέξης-κλειδιού «self», ενός δέκτη μεθόδου.\n"
|
|
" * Δείξτε ότι είναι ένας συντομευμένος όρος για το \"self:&Self\" και ίσως "
|
|
"δείξετε πώς θα μπορούσε επίσης να χρησιμοποιηθεί το όνομα της δομής.\n"
|
|
" * Εξηγήστε ότι το Self είναι ένα ψευδώνυμο τύπου για τον τύπο στον οποίο "
|
|
"βρίσκεται το μπλοκ «impl» και μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί αλλού στο μπλοκ.\n"
|
|
" * Σημειώστε πώς χρησιμοποιείται ο εαυτός όπως και άλλες δομές και ο "
|
|
"συμβολισμός κουκκίδων μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για αναφορά σε μεμονωμένα "
|
|
"πεδία.\n"
|
|
" * Αυτή μπορεί να είναι μια καλή στιγμή για να δείξετε πώς το \"&self\" "
|
|
"διαφέρει από το \"self\" τροποποιώντας τον κώδικα και προσπαθώντας να "
|
|
"εκτελέσετε το say_hello δύο φορές.\n"
|
|
"* Στη συνέχεια περιγράφουμε τη διάκριση μεταξύ των δεκτών μεθόδων.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Method Receiver"
|
|
msgstr "# Μέθοδος Δέκτης"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `&self` above indicates that the method borrows the object immutably. "
|
|
"There\n"
|
|
"are other possible receivers for a method:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το \"&self\" παραπάνω υποδεικνύει ότι η μέθοδος δανείζεται το αντικείμενο "
|
|
"αμετάβλητα. Εκεί\n"
|
|
"είναι άλλοι πιθανοί δέκτες για μια μέθοδο:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable\n"
|
|
" reference. The object can be used again afterwards.\n"
|
|
"* `&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and "
|
|
"mutable\n"
|
|
" reference. The object can be used again afterwards.\n"
|
|
"* `self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. "
|
|
"The\n"
|
|
" method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped "
|
|
"(deallocated)\n"
|
|
" when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly\n"
|
|
" transmitted.\n"
|
|
"* `mut self`: same as above, but while the method owns the object, it can\n"
|
|
" mutate it too. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability.\n"
|
|
"* No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used "
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
" create constructors which are called `new` by convention."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* «&self»: δανείζεται το αντικείμενο από τον καλούντα χρησιμοποιώντας ένα "
|
|
"κοινόχρηστο και αμετάβλητο\n"
|
|
" αναφορά. Το αντικείμενο μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί ξανά μετά.\n"
|
|
"* \"&mut self\": δανείζεται το αντικείμενο από τον καλούντα χρησιμοποιώντας "
|
|
"ένα μοναδικό και ευμετάβλητο\n"
|
|
" αναφορά. Το αντικείμενο μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί ξανά μετά.\n"
|
|
"* «self»: αναλαμβάνει την κυριότητα του αντικειμένου και το απομακρύνει από "
|
|
"τον καλούντα. ο\n"
|
|
" μέθοδος γίνεται ο ιδιοκτήτης του αντικειμένου. Το αντικείμενο θα "
|
|
"απορριφθεί (κατανεμηθεί)\n"
|
|
" όταν η μέθοδος επιστρέφει, εκτός εάν η ιδιοκτησία της είναι ρητά\n"
|
|
" μεταδόθηκε.\n"
|
|
"* `mut self`: όπως παραπάνω, αλλά ενώ η μέθοδος κατέχει το αντικείμενο, "
|
|
"μπορεί\n"
|
|
" μεταλλάξτε το και εσείς. Η πλήρης ιδιοκτησία δεν σημαίνει αυτόματα "
|
|
"μεταβλητότητα.\n"
|
|
"* Χωρίς δέκτη: αυτό γίνεται μια στατική μέθοδος στη δομή. Συνήθως "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιείται σε\n"
|
|
" δημιουργήστε κατασκευαστές που ονομάζονται «νέοι» κατά σύμβαση."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also\n"
|
|
"[special wrapper types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-"
|
|
"and-traits.html)\n"
|
|
"allowed to be receiver types, such as `Box<Self>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Πέρα από παραλλαγές στον «εαυτό», υπάρχουν επίσης\n"
|
|
"[ειδικοί τύποι περιτυλίγματος](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-"
|
|
"types-and-traits.html)\n"
|
|
"επιτρέπεται να είναι τύποι δεκτών, όπως \"Box<Self>\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". "
|
|
"These constraints always come\n"
|
|
"together in Rust due to borrow checker rules, and `self` is no exception. It "
|
|
"isn't possible to\n"
|
|
"reference a struct from multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) "
|
|
"method on it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"Εξετάστε το ενδεχόμενο να δώσετε έμφαση στο \"κοινόχρηστο και αμετάβλητο\" "
|
|
"και στο \"μοναδικό και μεταβλητό\". Αυτοί οι περιορισμοί έρχονται πάντα\n"
|
|
"μαζί στο Rust λόγω των κανόνων του ελεγκτή δανείου, και το \"self\" δεν "
|
|
"αποτελεί εξαίρεση. Δεν θα είναι δυνατόν\n"
|
|
"Αναφέρετε μια δομή από πολλές τοποθεσίες και καλέστε μια μέθοδο μεταλλάξεως "
|
|
"(`&mut self`) σε αυτήν.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:1 src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Example"
|
|
msgstr "# Παράδειγμα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Race {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" laps: Vec<i32>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Race {\n"
|
|
" fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n"
|
|
" Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write "
|
|
"access to self\n"
|
|
" self.laps.push(lap);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n"
|
|
" for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n"
|
|
" let total = self.laps.iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, "
|
|
"total);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n"
|
|
" race.add_lap(70);\n"
|
|
" race.add_lap(68);\n"
|
|
" race.print_laps();\n"
|
|
" race.add_lap(71);\n"
|
|
" race.print_laps();\n"
|
|
" race.finish();\n"
|
|
" // race.add_lap(42);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:47
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* All four methods here use a different method receiver.\n"
|
|
" * You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the "
|
|
"variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`.\n"
|
|
" * You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` "
|
|
"twice.\n"
|
|
"* Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static "
|
|
"functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables automatic "
|
|
"referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust automatically adds "
|
|
"in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches the method signature.\n"
|
|
"* You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated "
|
|
"over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"Βασικά σημεία:\n"
|
|
"* Και οι τέσσερις μέθοδοι εδώ χρησιμοποιούν διαφορετικό δέκτη μεθόδου.\n"
|
|
" * Μπορείτε να επισημάνετε πώς αλλάζει αυτό που μπορεί να κάνει η συνάρτηση "
|
|
"με τις τιμές των μεταβλητών και εάν/πώς μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί ξανά στο "
|
|
"\"main\".\n"
|
|
" * Μπορείτε να επιδείξετε το σφάλμα που εμφανίζεται όταν προσπαθείτε να "
|
|
"καλέσετε το \"finish\" δύο φορές.\n"
|
|
"* Σημειώστε ότι παρόλο που οι δέκτες της μεθόδου είναι διαφορετικοί, οι μη "
|
|
"στατικές συναρτήσεις ονομάζονται με τον ίδιο τρόπο στο κύριο σώμα. Το Rust "
|
|
"επιτρέπει την αυτόματη αναφορά και αποαναφορά κατά την κλήση μεθόδων. Το "
|
|
"Rust προσθέτει αυτόματα τα \"&\", \"*\", \"muts\", έτσι ώστε αυτό το "
|
|
"αντικείμενο να ταιριάζει με την υπογραφή της μεθόδου.\n"
|
|
"* Μπορείτε να επισημάνετε ότι το \"print_laps\" χρησιμοποιεί ένα διάνυσμα "
|
|
"που επαναλαμβάνεται. Περιγράφουμε διανύσματα με περισσότερες λεπτομέρειες το "
|
|
"απόγευμα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Pattern Matching"
|
|
msgstr "# Αντιστοίχιση προτύπων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `match` keyword let you match a value against one or more _patterns_. "
|
|
"The\n"
|
|
"comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η λέξη-κλειδί \"αντιστοιχία\" σάς επιτρέπει να αντιστοιχίσετε μια τιμή με "
|
|
"ένα ή περισσότερα _patterns_. ο\n"
|
|
"Οι συγκρίσεις γίνονται από πάνω προς τα κάτω και ο πρώτος αγώνας κερδίζει."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τα μοτίβα μπορεί να είναι απλές τιμές, παρόμοια με το «switch» σε C και C++:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let input = 'x';\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" match input {\n"
|
|
" 'q' => println!(\"Quitting\"),\n"
|
|
" 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n"
|
|
" '0'..='9' => println!(\"Number input\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"Something else\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:21
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το μοτίβο `_` είναι ένα μοτίβο μπαλαντέρ που ταιριάζει με οποιαδήποτε τιμή."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:26
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a "
|
|
"pattern\n"
|
|
" * `|` as an `or`\n"
|
|
" * `..` can expand as much as it needs to be\n"
|
|
" * `1..=5` represents an inclusive range\n"
|
|
" * `_` is a wild card\n"
|
|
"* It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a "
|
|
"wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`.\n"
|
|
"* You can demonstrate matching on a reference.\n"
|
|
"* This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable patterns, "
|
|
"as the term can show up in error messages.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"Βασικά σημεία:\n"
|
|
"* Θα μπορούσατε να επισημάνετε πώς χρησιμοποιούνται ορισμένοι συγκεκριμένοι "
|
|
"χαρακτήρες όταν βρίσκονται σε ένα δίπλωμα ευρεσιτεχνίας\n"
|
|
" * «|» ως «ή».\n"
|
|
" * Το «..» μπορεί να επεκταθεί όσο χρειάζεται\n"
|
|
" * Το \"1..=5\" αντιπροσωπεύει ένα εύρος που περιλαμβάνει\n"
|
|
" * Το `_` είναι μπαλαντέρ\n"
|
|
"* Μπορεί να είναι χρήσιμο να δείξετε πώς λειτουργεί το δεσμευτικό, για "
|
|
"παράδειγμα αντικαθιστώντας έναν χαρακτήρα μπαλαντέρ με μια μεταβλητή ή "
|
|
"αφαιρώντας τα εισαγωγικά γύρω από το `q`.\n"
|
|
"* Μπορείτε να επιδείξετε την αντιστοίχιση σε μια αναφορά.\n"
|
|
"* Αυτή μπορεί να είναι μια καλή στιγμή για να αναδείξετε την έννοια των "
|
|
"αδιαμφισβήτητων προτύπων, καθώς ο όρος μπορεί να εμφανίζεται σε μηνύματα "
|
|
"λάθους.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Destructuring Enums"
|
|
msgstr "# Καταστροφή Αριθμών"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is "
|
|
"how\n"
|
|
"you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple `enum` "
|
|
"type:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τα μοτίβα μπορούν επίσης να χρησιμοποιηθούν για τη σύνδεση μεταβλητών σε "
|
|
"μέρη των τιμών σας. Ετσι\n"
|
|
"επιθεωρείτε τη δομή των τύπων σας. Ας ξεκινήσουμε με έναν απλό τύπο «enum»:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"enum Result {\n"
|
|
" Ok(i32),\n"
|
|
" Err(String),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n"
|
|
" if n % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" Result::Ok(n / 2)\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let n = 100;\n"
|
|
" match divide_in_two(n) {\n"
|
|
" Result::Ok(half) => println!(\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"),\n"
|
|
" Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the "
|
|
"first\n"
|
|
"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second "
|
|
"arm,\n"
|
|
"`msg` is bound to the error message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εδώ χρησιμοποιήσαμε τους βραχίονες για να _καταστρέψουμε_ την τιμή "
|
|
"\"Αποτέλεσμα\". Κατά την πρώτη\n"
|
|
"βραχίονα, το \"μισό\" είναι δεσμευμένο στην τιμή μέσα στην παραλλαγή \"Ok\". "
|
|
"Στο δεύτερο χέρι,\n"
|
|
"Το \"msg\" συνδέεται με το μήνυμα σφάλματος."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:36
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked "
|
|
"with a `match`.\n"
|
|
"* You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying "
|
|
"the errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is "
|
|
"now inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Βασικά σημεία:\n"
|
|
"* Η έκφραση `if`/`else` επιστρέφει έναν αριθμό που αργότερα αποσυσκευάζεται "
|
|
"με ένα \"match\".\n"
|
|
"* Μπορείτε να δοκιμάσετε να προσθέσετε μια τρίτη παραλλαγή στον ορισμό enum "
|
|
"και να εμφανίσετε τα σφάλματα κατά την εκτέλεση του κώδικα. Επισημάνετε τα "
|
|
"σημεία όπου ο κώδικας σας είναι πλέον ανεξάντλητος και πώς ο μεταγλωττιστής "
|
|
"προσπαθεί να σας δώσει συμβουλές."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Destructuring Structs"
|
|
msgstr "# Κατασκευές καταστροφής"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:"
|
|
msgstr "Μπορείτε επίσης να καταστρέψετε «structs»:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Foo {\n"
|
|
" x: (u32, u32),\n"
|
|
" y: u32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n"
|
|
" match foo {\n"
|
|
" Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n"
|
|
" Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n"
|
|
" Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, other fields were "
|
|
"ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns.\n"
|
|
"* Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Destructuring Arrays"
|
|
msgstr "# Αποδιάρθρωση συστοιχιών"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can destructure arrays, tuples, and slices by matching on their elements:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορείτε να καταστρέψετε πίνακες, πλειάδες και φέτες ταιριάζοντας στα "
|
|
"στοιχεία τους:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let triple = [0, -2, 3];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Tell me about {triple:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match triple {\n"
|
|
" [0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
|
|
" [1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of "
|
|
"fixed length.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n"
|
|
" inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
" fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match slice {\n"
|
|
" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
|
|
" &[1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were "
|
|
"ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Create a new pattern using `_` to represent an element. \n"
|
|
"* Add more values to the array.\n"
|
|
"* Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of "
|
|
"elements.\n"
|
|
"* Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Match Guards"
|
|
msgstr "# Match Guards"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary "
|
|
"Boolean\n"
|
|
"expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Κατά την αντιστοίχιση, μπορείτε να προσθέσετε ένα _guard_ σε ένα μοτίβο. "
|
|
"Αυτό είναι ένα αυθαίρετο Boolean\n"
|
|
"έκφραση που θα εκτελεστεί εάν το μοτίβο ταιριάζει:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let pair = (2, -2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Tell me about {pair:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match pair {\n"
|
|
" (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"These are twins\"),\n"
|
|
" (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n"
|
|
" (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"The first one is odd\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"No correlation...\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:23
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when "
|
|
"we wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone would "
|
|
"allow.\n"
|
|
"* They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. "
|
|
"An `if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the "
|
|
"match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't "
|
|
"result in other arms\n"
|
|
"of the original `match` expression being considered. \n"
|
|
"* You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression.\n"
|
|
"* The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a "
|
|
"pattern with an `|`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Βασικά σημεία:\n"
|
|
"* Οι προστατευτικοί αγώνες ως ξεχωριστό συντακτικό χαρακτηριστικό είναι "
|
|
"σημαντικοί και απαραίτητοι.\n"
|
|
"* Δεν είναι ίδια με την ξεχωριστή έκφραση «αν» μέσα στο βραχίονα του αγώνα. "
|
|
"Μια έκφραση `if` μέσα στο μπλοκ διακλάδωσης (μετά από `=>`) εμφανίζεται μετά "
|
|
"την επιλογή του βραχίονα αντιστοίχισης. Η αποτυχία της συνθήκης \"αν\" μέσα "
|
|
"σε αυτό το μπλοκ δεν θα οδηγήσει σε άλλους βραχίονες\n"
|
|
"της αρχικής έκφρασης «ταιριάσματος» που εξετάζεται.\n"
|
|
"* Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε τις μεταβλητές που ορίζονται στο μοτίβο στην "
|
|
"έκφραση if σας.\n"
|
|
"* Η συνθήκη που ορίζεται στο προστατευτικό ισχύει για κάθε έκφραση σε μοτίβο "
|
|
"με ένα `|`.\n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Day 2: Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Ημέρα 2: Πρωινές ασκήσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:"
|
|
msgstr "Θα εξετάσουμε την εφαρμογή μεθόδων σε δύο πλαίσια:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Simple struct which tracks health statistics.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library."
|
|
msgstr "* Πολλαπλές δομές και αριθμοί για μια βιβλιοθήκη σχεδίων."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Health Statistics"
|
|
msgstr "# Στατιστικά Υγείας"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, "
|
|
"you\n"
|
|
"need to keep track of users' health statistics."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εργάζεστε για την εφαρμογή ενός συστήματος παρακολούθησης της υγείας. Ως "
|
|
"μέρος αυτού, εσείς\n"
|
|
"πρέπει να παρακολουθεί τα στατιστικά στοιχεία υγείας των χρηστών."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You'll start with some stubbed functions in an `impl` block as well as a "
|
|
"`User`\n"
|
|
"struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out methods on the\n"
|
|
"`User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα ξεκινήσετε με ορισμένες αποκομμένες συναρτήσεις σε ένα μπλοκ \"impl\" "
|
|
"καθώς και σε ένα \"User\".\n"
|
|
"ορισμός κατασκευής. Ο στόχος σας είναι να εφαρμόσετε τις αποκομμένες "
|
|
"μεθόδους στο\n"
|
|
"Η δομή \"User\" ορίζεται στο μπλοκ \"impl\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the "
|
|
"missing\n"
|
|
"methods:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/> και "
|
|
"συμπληρώστε τον κωδικό που λείπει\n"
|
|
"μέθοδοι:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct User {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u32,\n"
|
|
" weight: f32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl User {\n"
|
|
" pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, weight: f32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn weight(&self) -> f32 {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn set_weight(&mut self, new_weight: f32) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_weight() {\n"
|
|
" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(bob.weight(), 155.2);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_set_age() {\n"
|
|
" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n"
|
|
" bob.set_age(33);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Polygon Struct"
|
|
msgstr "# Πολυγωνική κατασκευή"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the code "
|
|
"below\n"
|
|
"to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing methods to make "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
"tests pass:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα δημιουργήσουμε μια δομή «Πολύγωνο» που περιέχει μερικά σημεία. Αντιγράψτε "
|
|
"τον παρακάτω κωδικό\n"
|
|
"στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/> και συμπληρώστε τις μεθόδους που λείπουν "
|
|
"για να το κάνετε\n"
|
|
"οι δοκιμές περνούν:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
" // add fields\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Point {\n"
|
|
" // add methods\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
" // add fields\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
" // add methods\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
" // add fields\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Circle {\n"
|
|
" // add methods\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
" Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
" Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
"mod tests {\n"
|
|
" use super::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_dist() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_add() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
" let shapes = vec![\n"
|
|
" Shape::from(poly),\n"
|
|
" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" let perimeters = shapes\n"
|
|
" .iter()\n"
|
|
" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
|
|
" .map(round_two_digits)\n"
|
|
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:117
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the key "
|
|
"part\n"
|
|
"of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to modify the "
|
|
"tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Δεδομένου ότι οι υπογραφές της μεθόδου λείπουν από τις δηλώσεις προβλημάτων, "
|
|
"το βασικό μέρος\n"
|
|
"της άσκησης είναι να τα προσδιορίσετε σωστά."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:120
|
|
msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:122
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes "
|
|
"don't borrow their arguments.\n"
|
|
"* Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be "
|
|
"addable via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Άλλα ενδιαφέροντα μέρη της άσκησης:\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Εξάγετε ένα χαρακτηριστικό «Αντιγραφή» για ορισμένες δομές, καθώς στις "
|
|
"δοκιμές οι μέθοδοι μερικές φορές δεν δανείζονται τα επιχειρήματά τους.\n"
|
|
"* Ανακαλύψτε ότι το χαρακτηριστικό «Προσθήκη» πρέπει να εφαρμοστεί για δύο "
|
|
"αντικείμενα που μπορούν να προστεθούν μέσω του «+»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Control Flow"
|
|
msgstr "# Έλεγχος ροής"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to conditionally\n"
|
|
"evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value which then "
|
|
"becomes\n"
|
|
"the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow expressions work "
|
|
"similarly\n"
|
|
"in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Όπως είδαμε, το «αν» είναι μια έκφραση στο Rust. Χρησιμοποιείται υπό όρους\n"
|
|
"αξιολογήστε ένα από τα δύο μπλοκ, αλλά τα μπλοκ μπορεί να έχουν μια τιμή που "
|
|
"στη συνέχεια γίνεται\n"
|
|
"την τιμή της έκφρασης «αν». Άλλες εκφράσεις ροής ελέγχου λειτουργούν "
|
|
"παρόμοια\n"
|
|
"στο Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Blocks"
|
|
msgstr "# Μπλοκ"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A block in Rust has a value and a type: the value is the last expression of "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
"block:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ένα μπλοκ στο Rust έχει μια τιμή και έναν τύπο: η τιμή είναι η τελευταία "
|
|
"έκφραση του\n"
|
|
"ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΙΚΟ ΤΕΤΡΑΓΩΝΟ:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = {\n"
|
|
" let y = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
" let z = {\n"
|
|
" let w = {\n"
|
|
" 3 + 4\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n"
|
|
" y * w\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n"
|
|
" z - y\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is the\n"
|
|
"return value:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ο ίδιος κανόνας χρησιμοποιείται για τις συναρτήσεις: η τιμή του σώματος "
|
|
"συνάρτησης είναι το\n"
|
|
"επιστρεφόμενη τιμή:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" x + x\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"doubled: {}\", double(7));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However if the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and "
|
|
"type is `()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:43
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in "
|
|
"Rust. \n"
|
|
"* You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line "
|
|
"in the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a "
|
|
"`return`.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Βασικά σημεία:\n"
|
|
"* Ο σκοπός αυτής της διαφάνειας είναι να δείξει ότι τα μπλοκ έχουν τύπο και "
|
|
"τιμή στο Rust.\n"
|
|
"* Μπορείτε να δείξετε πώς αλλάζει η τιμή του μπλοκ αλλάζοντας την τελευταία "
|
|
"γραμμή στο μπλοκ. Για παράδειγμα, προσθέτοντας/αφαιρώντας ένα ερωτηματικό ή "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιώντας ένα «return».\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `if` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "# εκφράσεις \"αν\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You use `if` very similarly to how you would in other languages:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Χρησιμοποιείτε το \"if\" πολύ παρόμοια με αυτό που θα κάνατε σε άλλες "
|
|
"γλώσσες:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x = x / 2;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition, you can use it as an expression. This does the same as above:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Επιπλέον, μπορείτε να το χρησιμοποιήσετε ως έκφραση. Αυτό κάνει το ίδιο όπως "
|
|
"παραπάνω:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x / 2\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" 3 * x + 1\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its "
|
|
"branch blocks must have the same type. Consider showing what happens if you "
|
|
"add `;` after `x / 2` in the second example."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `if let` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "# εκφράσεις \"αν ας\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "If you want to match a value against a pattern, you can use `if let`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν θέλετε να ταιριάξετε μια τιμή με ένα μοτίβο, μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε "
|
|
"το «αν επιτρέπεται»:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let arg = std::env::args().next();\n"
|
|
" if let Some(value) = arg {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Program name: {value}\");\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Missing name?\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:16
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:21
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) for more details on patterns "
|
|
"in\n"
|
|
"Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Δείτε το [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) για περισσότερες "
|
|
"λεπτομέρειες σχετικά με τα μοτίβα στο\n"
|
|
"Σκουριά."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:21
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `if let` can be more concise than `match`, e.g., when only one case is "
|
|
"interesting. In contrast, `match` requires all branches to be covered.\n"
|
|
" * For the similar use case consider demonstrating a newly stabilized "
|
|
"[`let else`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/93628) feature.\n"
|
|
"* A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`.\n"
|
|
"* Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern "
|
|
"matching."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Το «αν ας» μπορεί να είναι πιο συνοπτικό από το «ταίριασμα», π.χ., όταν "
|
|
"μόνο μία περίπτωση είναι ενδιαφέρουσα. Αντίθετα, το \"match\" απαιτεί να "
|
|
"καλύπτονται όλοι οι κλάδοι.\n"
|
|
" * Για παρόμοια περίπτωση χρήσης, εξετάστε το ενδεχόμενο να επιδείξετε "
|
|
"μια νέα σταθεροποιημένη λειτουργία [`let else`](https://github.com/rust-lang/"
|
|
"rust/pull/93628).\n"
|
|
"* Μια κοινή χρήση είναι ο χειρισμός των τιμών \"Μερικών\" όταν εργάζεστε με "
|
|
"το \"Option\".\n"
|
|
"* Σε αντίθεση με το \"match\", το \"if let\" δεν υποστηρίζει προστατευτικές "
|
|
"ρήτρες για την αντιστοίχιση μοτίβων."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `while` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "# εκφράσεις «ενώ»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `while` keyword works very similar to other languages:"
|
|
msgstr "Η λέξη-κλειδί \"while\" λειτουργεί πολύ παρόμοια με άλλες γλώσσες:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" while x != 1 {\n"
|
|
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x / 2\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" 3 * x + 1\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `while let` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "# εκφράσεις «ενώ ας»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like with `if`, there is a `while let` variant which repeatedly tests a "
|
|
"value\n"
|
|
"against a pattern:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Όπως και με το \"if\", υπάρχει μια παραλλαγή \"while let\" που ελέγχει "
|
|
"επανειλημμένα μια τιμή\n"
|
|
"σε σχέση με ένα μοτίβο:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:17
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here the iterator returned by `v.iter()` will return a `Option<i32>` on "
|
|
"every\n"
|
|
"call to `next()`. It returns `Some(x)` until it is done, after which it "
|
|
"will\n"
|
|
"return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through all items."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εδώ ο επαναλήπτης που επιστρέφεται από το `v.iter()` θα επιστρέψει ένα "
|
|
"`Option<i32>` σε κάθε\n"
|
|
"κλήση στο `επόμενο()`. Επιστρέφει \"Some(x)\" μέχρι να ολοκληρωθεί, μετά από "
|
|
"αυτό θα γίνει\n"
|
|
"επιστροφή «Κανένα». Το \"while let\" μας επιτρέπει να συνεχίσουμε να "
|
|
"επαναλαμβάνουμε όλα τα στοιχεία."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value "
|
|
"matches the pattern.\n"
|
|
"* You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if "
|
|
"statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `iter.next()`. "
|
|
"The `while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Επισημάνετε ότι ο βρόχος \"while let\" θα συνεχίσει να λειτουργεί όσο η "
|
|
"τιμή ταιριάζει με το μοτίβο.\n"
|
|
"* Θα μπορούσατε να ξαναγράψετε τον βρόχο «while let» ως άπειρο βρόχο με μια "
|
|
"πρόταση if που διακόπτεται όταν δεν υπάρχει τιμή για ξετύλιγμα για το «iter."
|
|
"next()». Το \"while let\" παρέχει συντακτική ζάχαρη για το παραπάνω "
|
|
"σενάριο.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `for` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "# εκφράσεις «για»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `for` expression is closely related to the `while let` expression. It "
|
|
"will\n"
|
|
"automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate over it:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η έκφραση \"for\" σχετίζεται στενά με την έκφραση \"while let\". Θα\n"
|
|
"καλεί αυτόματα το «into_iter()» στην έκφραση και, στη συνέχεια, "
|
|
"επαναλαμβάνει πάνω από αυτήν:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for x in v {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"i: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε το «διάλειμμα» και το «συνέχεια» εδώ ως συνήθως."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:24
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case.\n"
|
|
"* `(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. \n"
|
|
"* `step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every "
|
|
"other element. \n"
|
|
"* Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change "
|
|
"vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Η επανάληψη ευρετηρίου δεν είναι ειδική σύνταξη στο Rust για αυτήν την "
|
|
"περίπτωση.\n"
|
|
"* Το \"(0..10)\" είναι μια περιοχή που υλοποιεί ένα χαρακτηριστικό "
|
|
"\"Iterator\".\n"
|
|
"* Το \"step_by\" είναι μια μέθοδος που επιστρέφει έναν άλλο \"Iterator\" που "
|
|
"παραλείπει κάθε άλλο στοιχείο.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `loop` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "# εκφράσεις «βρόχου»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Finally, there is a `loop` keyword which creates an endless loop. Here you "
|
|
"must\n"
|
|
"either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τέλος, υπάρχει μια λέξη-κλειδί «βρόχος» που δημιουργεί έναν ατελείωτο βρόχο. "
|
|
"Εδώ πρέπει\n"
|
|
"είτε \"break\" είτε \"return\" για να σταματήσει ο βρόχος:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x / 2\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" 3 * x + 1\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" if x == 1 {\n"
|
|
" break;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:25
|
|
msgid "* Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `match` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "# «ταιριάζουν» εκφράσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `match` keyword is used to match a value against one or more patterns. "
|
|
"In\n"
|
|
"that sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η λέξη-κλειδί \"αντιστοιχία\" χρησιμοποιείται για την αντιστοίχιση μιας "
|
|
"τιμής με ένα ή περισσότερα μοτίβα. Σε\n"
|
|
"Με αυτή την έννοια, λειτουργεί σαν μια σειρά από εκφράσεις «αν ας»:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n"
|
|
" Some(\"cat\") => println!(\"Will do cat things\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Will ls some files\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Let's move some files\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, dangerous!\"),\n"
|
|
" None => println!(\"Hmm, no program name?\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"Unknown program name!\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like `if let`, each match arm must have the same type. The type is the last\n"
|
|
"expression of the block, if any. In the example above, the type is `()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Όπως το \"αν ας\", κάθε βραχίονας αγώνα πρέπει να έχει τον ίδιο τύπο. Ο "
|
|
"τύπος είναι ο τελευταίος\n"
|
|
"έκφραση του μπλοκ, εάν υπάρχει. Στο παραπάνω παράδειγμα, ο τύπος είναι `()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Save the match expression to a variable and print it out.\n"
|
|
"* Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error.\n"
|
|
" * `std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option<String>`, but we cannot "
|
|
"match against `String`.\n"
|
|
" * `as_deref()` transforms an `Option<T>` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our "
|
|
"case, this turns `Option<String>` into `Option<&str>`.\n"
|
|
" * We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside "
|
|
"`Option`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `break` and `continue`"
|
|
msgstr "# «διάλειμμα» και «συνέχεια»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to exit a loop early, use `break`, if you want to immediately "
|
|
"start\n"
|
|
"the next iteration use `continue`. Both `continue` and `break` can "
|
|
"optionally\n"
|
|
"take a label argument which is used to break out of nested loops:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν θέλετε να βγείτε νωρίς από έναν βρόχο, χρησιμοποιήστε το «διάλειμμα», "
|
|
"εάν θέλετε να ξεκινήσετε αμέσως\n"
|
|
"την επόμενη επανάληψη χρησιμοποιήστε «continue». Τόσο το \"continue\" και το "
|
|
"\"break\" μπορούν προαιρετικά\n"
|
|
"πάρτε ένα όρισμα ετικέτας που χρησιμοποιείται για να ξεφύγει από ένθετους "
|
|
"βρόχους:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
" 'outer: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" let mut i = 0;\n"
|
|
" while i < x {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" i += 1;\n"
|
|
" if i == 3 {\n"
|
|
" break 'outer;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Σε αυτή την περίπτωση σπάμε τον εξωτερικό βρόχο μετά από 3 επαναλήψεις του "
|
|
"εσωτερικού βρόχου."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Standard Library"
|
|
msgstr "# Τυπική βιβλιοθήκη"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common "
|
|
"types\n"
|
|
"used by Rust library and programs. This way, two libraries can work "
|
|
"together\n"
|
|
"smoothly because they both use the same `String` type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust συνοδεύεται από μια τυπική βιβλιοθήκη που βοηθά στη δημιουργία ενός "
|
|
"συνόλου κοινών τύπων\n"
|
|
"χρησιμοποιείται από τη βιβλιοθήκη και τα προγράμματα της Rust. Με αυτόν τον "
|
|
"τρόπο, δύο βιβλιοθήκες μπορούν να συνεργαστούν\n"
|
|
"ομαλά γιατί και οι δύο χρησιμοποιούν τον ίδιο τύπο «String»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The common vocabulary types include:"
|
|
msgstr "Οι συνήθεις τύποι λεξιλογίου περιλαμβάνουν:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional "
|
|
"values\n"
|
|
" and [error handling](error-handling.md).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* [`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing\n"
|
|
" algorithm.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* [`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated "
|
|
"data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, "
|
|
"`alloc` and `std`. \n"
|
|
" * `core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on "
|
|
"`libc`, allocator or\n"
|
|
" even the presence of an operating system. \n"
|
|
" * `alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as "
|
|
"`Vec`, `Box` and `Arc`.\n"
|
|
" * Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" * Στην πραγματικότητα, το Rust περιέχει πολλά επίπεδα της τυπικής "
|
|
"βιβλιοθήκης: «core», «alloc» και «std».\n"
|
|
" * Ο «πυρήνας» περιλαμβάνει τους πιο βασικούς τύπους και λειτουργίες που "
|
|
"δεν εξαρτώνται από το «libc», τον εκχωρητή ή\n"
|
|
" ακόμη και η παρουσία ενός λειτουργικού συστήματος.\n"
|
|
" * Το \"alloc\" περιλαμβάνει τύπους που απαιτούν καθολικό εκχωρητή σωρού, "
|
|
"όπως \"Vec\", \"Box\" και \"Arc\".\n"
|
|
" * Οι εφαρμογές Embedded Rust χρησιμοποιούν συχνά μόνο «core» και μερικές "
|
|
"φορές «alloc»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `Option` and `Result`"
|
|
msgstr "# «Επιλογή» και «Αποτέλεσμα»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The types represent optional data:"
|
|
msgstr "Οι τύποι αντιπροσωπεύουν προαιρετικά δεδομένα:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let idx: Result<usize, usize> = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Option` and `Result` are widely used not just in the standard library.\n"
|
|
"* `Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`.\n"
|
|
"* `Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see "
|
|
"on Day 3.\n"
|
|
"* `binary_search` returns `Result<usize, usize>`.\n"
|
|
" * If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found.\n"
|
|
" * Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should "
|
|
"be inserted."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Η επιλογή «Επιλογή» και «Αποτέλεσμα» χρησιμοποιούνται ευρέως όχι μόνο στην "
|
|
"τυπική βιβλιοθήκη.\n"
|
|
"* Το \"Option<&T>\" έχει μηδενικό χώρο σε σύγκριση με το \"&T\".\n"
|
|
"* Το \"Αποτέλεσμα\" είναι ο τυπικός τύπος για την υλοποίηση του χειρισμού "
|
|
"σφαλμάτων, όπως θα δούμε την Ημέρα 3.\n"
|
|
"* Η \"δυαδική_αναζήτηση\" επιστρέφει \"Αποτέλεσμα<χρήση, χρήση>\".\n"
|
|
" * Εάν βρεθεί, το «Αποτέλεσμα::Οκ» διατηρεί το ευρετήριο όπου βρίσκεται το "
|
|
"στοιχείο.\n"
|
|
" * Διαφορετικά, το \"Αποτέλεσμα::Σφάλμα\" περιέχει το ευρετήριο όπου θα "
|
|
"πρέπει να εισαχθεί ένα τέτοιο στοιχείο."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# String"
|
|
msgstr "# Χορδή"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`String`][1] is the standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το [`String`][1] είναι το τυπικό buffer συμβολοσειρών UTF-8 που εκχωρείται "
|
|
"σε σωρό:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut s1 = String::new();\n"
|
|
" s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
" s2.push_str(&s1);\n"
|
|
" s2.push('!');\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n"
|
|
" s3.chars().count());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` implements [`Deref<Target = str>`][2], which means that you can "
|
|
"call all\n"
|
|
"`str` methods on a `String`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το `String` υλοποιεί [`Deref<Target = str>`][2], που σημαίνει ότι μπορείτε "
|
|
"να καλέσετε όλα\n"
|
|
"Μέθοδοι `str` σε μια συμβολοσειρά."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when "
|
|
"you know how much data you want to push to the string.\n"
|
|
"* `String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be "
|
|
"different from its length in characters).\n"
|
|
"* `String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that "
|
|
"a `char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" "
|
|
"due to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/"
|
|
"unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html).\n"
|
|
"* When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or "
|
|
"`String`. \n"
|
|
"* When a type implements `Deref<Target = T>`, the compiler will let you "
|
|
"transparently call methods from `T`.\n"
|
|
" * `String` implements `Deref<Target = str>` which transparently gives it "
|
|
"access to `str`'s methods.\n"
|
|
" * Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1`;.\n"
|
|
"* `String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the "
|
|
"operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but "
|
|
"with some extra guarantees.\n"
|
|
"* Compare the different ways to index a `String` by using `s3[i]` and `s3."
|
|
"chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, out-of-bounds, and \"on\" "
|
|
"the flag Unicode character."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `Vec`"
|
|
msgstr "# «Vec»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[`Vec`][1] is the standard resizable heap-allocated buffer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το [`Vec`][1] είναι το τυπικό buffer με δυνατότητα αλλαγής μεγέθους που "
|
|
"εκχωρείται σε σωρό:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" v1.push(42);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
" v2.extend(v1.iter());\n"
|
|
" v2.push(9999);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n"
|
|
" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Retain only the even elements.\n"
|
|
" v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n"
|
|
" v3.dedup();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Vec` implements [`Deref<Target = [T]>`][2], which means that you can call "
|
|
"slice\n"
|
|
"methods on a `Vec`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το `Vec` υλοποιεί το [`Deref<Target = [T]>`][2], που σημαίνει ότι μπορείτε "
|
|
"να καλέσετε το slice\n"
|
|
"μεθόδους σε ένα «Vec»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data "
|
|
"it contains is stored\n"
|
|
" on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't need to be known at "
|
|
"compile time. It can grow\n"
|
|
" or shrink at runtime.\n"
|
|
"* Notice how `Vec<T>` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify "
|
|
"`T` explicitly. As always\n"
|
|
" with Rust type inference, the `T` was established during the first `push` "
|
|
"call.\n"
|
|
"* `vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it "
|
|
"supports adding initial\n"
|
|
" elements to the vector.\n"
|
|
"* To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. "
|
|
"Alternatively, using\n"
|
|
" `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will remove the last "
|
|
"element.\n"
|
|
"* Show iterating over a vector and mutating the value:\n"
|
|
" `for e in &mut v { *e += 50; }`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `HashMap`"
|
|
msgstr "# `HashMap`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:"
|
|
msgstr "Τυπικός χάρτης κατακερματισμού με προστασία από επιθέσεις HashDoS:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n"
|
|
" page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), "
|
|
"207);\n"
|
|
" page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n"
|
|
" page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n"
|
|
" page_counts.len());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in "
|
|
"Wonderland\"] {\n"
|
|
" match page_counts.get(book) {\n"
|
|
" Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n"
|
|
" None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n"
|
|
" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in "
|
|
"Wonderland\"] {\n"
|
|
" let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string())."
|
|
"or_insert(0);\n"
|
|
" *page_count += 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into "
|
|
"scope.\n"
|
|
"* Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in "
|
|
"the hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will "
|
|
"insert the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" let pc1 = page_counts\n"
|
|
" .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or(&336);\n"
|
|
" let pc2 = page_counts\n"
|
|
" .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n"
|
|
" .or_insert(374);\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"* Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro.\n"
|
|
" * Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`][1], "
|
|
"which allows us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n"
|
|
" (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n"
|
|
" (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n"
|
|
" ]);\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-"
|
|
"value tuples.\n"
|
|
"* We are showing `HashMap<String, i32>`, and avoid using `&str` as key to "
|
|
"make examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be "
|
|
"done,\n"
|
|
" but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker.\n"
|
|
" * Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still "
|
|
"compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `Box`"
|
|
msgstr "# «Κουτί»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[`Box`][1] is an owned pointer to data on the heap:"
|
|
msgstr "Το [`Πλαίσιο`][1] είναι ένας ιδιόκτητος δείκτης σε δεδομένα στο σωρό:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let five = Box::new(5);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"five: {}\", *five);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": five : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
|
|
": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n"
|
|
": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:26
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Box<T>` implements `Deref<Target = T>`, which means that you can [call "
|
|
"methods\n"
|
|
"from `T` directly on a `Box<T>`][2]."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το \"Box<T>\" υλοποιεί το \"Deref<Target = T>\", που σημαίνει ότι μπορείτε "
|
|
"[μεθόδους κλήσης\n"
|
|
"από το \"T\" απευθείας σε ένα \"Box<T>\"][2]."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be "
|
|
"not null. \n"
|
|
"* In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` "
|
|
"statement thanks to `Deref`. \n"
|
|
"* A `Box` can be useful when you:\n"
|
|
" * have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the "
|
|
"Rust compiler wants to know an exact size.\n"
|
|
" * want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying "
|
|
"large amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a "
|
|
"`Box` so only the pointer is moved."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Box with Recursive Data Structures"
|
|
msgstr "# Πλαίσιο με αναδρομικές δομές δεδομένων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Οι αναδρομικοί τύποι δεδομένων ή οι τύποι δεδομένων με δυναμικά μεγέθη "
|
|
"πρέπει να χρησιμοποιούν ένα «Πλαίσιο»:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:5 src/std/box-niche.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum List<T> {\n"
|
|
" Cons(T, Box<List<T>>),\n"
|
|
" Nil,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let list: List<i32> = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::"
|
|
"new(List::Nil))));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{list:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"list : : :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* If the `Box` was not used here and we attempted to embed a `List` directly "
|
|
"into the `List`,\n"
|
|
"the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory, it "
|
|
"would look infinite.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* `Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and "
|
|
"just points at the next\n"
|
|
"element of the `List` in the heap.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. "
|
|
"\"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or "
|
|
"reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly. \n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-niche.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Niche Optimization"
|
|
msgstr "# Niche Optimization"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-niche.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. "
|
|
"This\n"
|
|
"allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ένα «Πλαίσιο» δεν μπορεί να είναι κενό, επομένως ο δείκτης είναι πάντα "
|
|
"έγκυρος και μη «μηδενικός». Αυτό\n"
|
|
"επιτρέπει στον μεταγλωττιστή να βελτιστοποιήσει τη διάταξη της μνήμης:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-niche.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"list : : :\n"
|
|
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `Rc`"
|
|
msgstr "# «Rc»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Rc`][1] is a reference-counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to "
|
|
"refer\n"
|
|
"to the same data from multiple places:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το [`Rc`][1] είναι ένας κοινόχρηστος δείκτης με μέτρηση αναφοράς. "
|
|
"Χρησιμοποιήστε το όταν πρέπει να ανατρέξετε\n"
|
|
"στα ίδια δεδομένα από πολλά μέρη:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::rc::Rc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n"
|
|
" let mut b = a.clone();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* If you need to mutate the data inside an `Rc`, you will need to wrap the "
|
|
"data in\n"
|
|
" a type such as [`Cell` or `RefCell`][2].\n"
|
|
"* See [`Arc`][3] if you are in a multi-threaded context.\n"
|
|
"* You can *downgrade* a shared pointer into a [`Weak`][4] pointer to create "
|
|
"cycles\n"
|
|
" that will get dropped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν πρέπει να μεταλλάξετε τα δεδομένα μέσα σε ένα \"Rc\", θα πρέπει να "
|
|
"τυλίξετε τα δεδομένα μέσα\n"
|
|
"έναν τύπο όπως [`Cell` ή `RefCell`][2]. Ανατρέξτε στο [`Arc`][3] εάν "
|
|
"βρίσκεστε σε ένα multi-threaded\n"
|
|
"συμφραζόμενα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Rc`'s Count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as "
|
|
"there are references.\n"
|
|
"* Like C++'s `std::shared_ptr`.\n"
|
|
"* `clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and "
|
|
"increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally "
|
|
"be ignored when looking for performance issues in code.\n"
|
|
"* `make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-"
|
|
"write\") and returns a mutable reference.\n"
|
|
"* Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count.\n"
|
|
"* Compare the different datatypes mentioned. `Box` enables (im)mutable "
|
|
"borrows that are enforced at compile time. `RefCell` enables (im)mutable "
|
|
"borrows that are enforced at run time and will panic if it fails at "
|
|
"runtime.\n"
|
|
"* You can `downgrade()` a `Rc` into a *weakly reference-counted* object to\n"
|
|
" create cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with\n"
|
|
" `RefCell`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Όπως το `std::shared_ptr` της C++.\n"
|
|
"* Το \"clone\" είναι φθηνό: δημιουργεί έναν δείκτη στην ίδια κατανομή και "
|
|
"αυξάνει το πλήθος αναφοράς.\n"
|
|
"* Το `make_mut` στην πραγματικότητα κλωνοποιεί την εσωτερική τιμή εάν είναι "
|
|
"απαραίτητο (\"clone-on-write\") και επιστρέφει μια μεταβλητή αναφορά."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n"
|
|
"use std::cell::RefCell;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Node {\n"
|
|
" value: i64,\n"
|
|
" parent: Option<Weak<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
|
|
" children: Vec<Rc<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut root = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n"
|
|
" value: 42,\n"
|
|
" parent: None,\n"
|
|
" children: vec![],\n"
|
|
" }));\n"
|
|
" let child = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n"
|
|
" value: 43,\n"
|
|
" children: vec![],\n"
|
|
" parent: Some(Rc::downgrade(&root))\n"
|
|
" }));\n"
|
|
" root.borrow_mut().children.push(child);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Modules"
|
|
msgstr "# Ενότητες"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Είδαμε πώς τα μπλοκ «impl» μας επιτρέπουν να λειτουργεί ο χώρος ονομάτων σε "
|
|
"έναν τύπο."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:"
|
|
msgstr "Ομοίως, το «mod» μας επιτρέπει τύπους και συναρτήσεις ονομάτων:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"mod foo {\n"
|
|
" pub fn do_something() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"In the foo module\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod bar {\n"
|
|
" pub fn do_something() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"In the bar module\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" foo::do_something();\n"
|
|
" bar::do_something();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that "
|
|
"describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates.\n"
|
|
"* Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable "
|
|
"and a library crate compiles to a library.\n"
|
|
"* Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Visibility"
|
|
msgstr "# Ορατότητα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:"
|
|
msgstr "Οι ενότητες αποτελούν όριο απορρήτου:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Module items are private by default (hides implementation details).\n"
|
|
"* Parent and sibling items are always visible.\n"
|
|
"* In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" descendants of `foo`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Τα στοιχεία της μονάδας είναι ιδιωτικά από προεπιλογή (αποκρύπτει τις "
|
|
"λεπτομέρειες υλοποίησης).\n"
|
|
"* Τα στοιχεία γονέα και αδελφών είναι πάντα ορατά."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"mod outer {\n"
|
|
" fn private() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::private\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::public\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mod inner {\n"
|
|
" fn private() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n"
|
|
" super::private();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" outer::public();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:39
|
|
msgid "* Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope "
|
|
"of public visibility."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-"
|
|
"and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself).\n"
|
|
"* Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern.\n"
|
|
"* Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path.\n"
|
|
"* In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of "
|
|
"its descendants)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Paths"
|
|
msgstr "# Μονοπάτια"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:"
|
|
msgstr "Οι διαδρομές επιλύονται ως εξής:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"1. As a relative path:\n"
|
|
" * `foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,\n"
|
|
" * `super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"2. As an absolute path:\n"
|
|
" * `crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate,\n"
|
|
" * `bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"2. Ως απόλυτη διαδρομή:\n"
|
|
" * Το \"crate::foo\" αναφέρεται στο \"foo\" στη ρίζα του τρέχοντος "
|
|
"κιβωτίου,\n"
|
|
" * Το «bar::foo» αναφέρεται στο «foo» στο κιβώτιο «bar»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Filesystem Hierarchy"
|
|
msgstr "# Ιεραρχία συστήματος αρχείων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The module content can be omitted:"
|
|
msgstr "Το περιεχόμενο της ενότητας μπορεί να παραλειφθεί:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"mod garden;\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `garden` module content is found at:"
|
|
msgstr "Το περιεχόμενο της ενότητας «garden» βρίσκεται στη διεύθυνση:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `src/garden.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)\n"
|
|
"* `src/garden/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `src/garden.rs` (μοντέρνο στυλ Rust 2018)\n"
|
|
"* `src/garden/mod.rs` (παλαιότερο στυλ Rust 2015)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ομοίως, μια ενότητα «garden:: λαχανικά» μπορεί να βρεθεί στη διεύθυνση:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `src/garden/vegetables.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)\n"
|
|
"* `src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `src/garden/vegetables.rs` (μοντέρνο στυλ Rust 2018)\n"
|
|
"* `src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (παλαιότερο στυλ Rust 2015)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `crate` root is in:"
|
|
msgstr "Η ρίζα «κλουβί» βρίσκεται σε:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:21
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)\n"
|
|
"* `src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `src/lib.rs` (για κλουβί βιβλιοθήκης)\n"
|
|
"* `src/main.rs` (για δυαδικό κιβώτιο)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc "
|
|
"comments\".\n"
|
|
"These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a module."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant "
|
|
"germination\n"
|
|
"//! implementation.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Sow the given seed packets.\n"
|
|
"fn sow(seeds: Vec<SeedPacket>) { todo!() }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n"
|
|
"fn harvest(garden: &mut Garden) { todo!() }\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The change from `module/mod.rs` to `module.rs` doesn't preclude the use of "
|
|
"submodules in Rust 2018.\n"
|
|
" (It was mandatory in Rust 2015.)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" The following is valid:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```ignore\n"
|
|
" src/\n"
|
|
" ├── main.rs\n"
|
|
" ├── top_module.rs\n"
|
|
" └── top_module/\n"
|
|
" └── sub_module.rs\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The main reason for the change is to prevent many files named `mod.rs`, "
|
|
"which can be hard\n"
|
|
" to distinguish in IDEs.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Rust will look for modules in `modulename/mod.rs` and `modulename.rs`, but "
|
|
"this can be changed\n"
|
|
" with a compiler directive:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" #[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n"
|
|
" mod some_module { }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module "
|
|
"in a file named\n"
|
|
" `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Day 2: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Ημέρα 2: Απογευματινές Ασκήσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Οι ασκήσεις για σήμερα το απόγευμα θα επικεντρωθούν σε έγχορδα και "
|
|
"επαναλήπτες."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Luhn Algorithm"
|
|
msgstr "# Αλγόριθμος Luhn"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used "
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
"validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and does "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
"following to validate the credit card number:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ο [αλγόριθμος Luhn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιείται για\n"
|
|
"επικύρωση αριθμών πιστωτικών καρτών. Ο αλγόριθμος παίρνει μια συμβολοσειρά "
|
|
"ως είσοδο και κάνει το\n"
|
|
"παρακάτω για να επικυρώσετε τον αριθμό της πιστωτικής κάρτας:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Moving from right to left, double every second digit: for the number "
|
|
"`1234`,\n"
|
|
" we double `3` and `1`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` "
|
|
"which\n"
|
|
" becomes `5`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the\n"
|
|
"function:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/> και "
|
|
"εφαρμόστε το\n"
|
|
"λειτουργία:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Strings and Iterators"
|
|
msgstr "# Χορδές και επαναλήπτες"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web server. "
|
|
"The\n"
|
|
"server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which are matched "
|
|
"against\n"
|
|
"_request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a wildcard character which\n"
|
|
"matches a full segment. See the unit tests below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Σε αυτήν την άσκηση, υλοποιείτε ένα στοιχείο δρομολόγησης ενός διακομιστή "
|
|
"web. ο\n"
|
|
"Ο διακομιστής έχει ρυθμιστεί με έναν αριθμό προθεμάτων _διαδρομών_ με τα "
|
|
"οποία αντιστοιχίζονται\n"
|
|
"_αίτημα μονοπατιών_. Τα προθέματα διαδρομής μπορούν να περιέχουν έναν "
|
|
"χαρακτήρα μπαλαντέρ που\n"
|
|
"αντιστοιχεί σε ένα πλήρες τμήμα. Δείτε τις δοκιμές μονάδας παρακάτω."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and make the tests\n"
|
|
"pass. Try avoiding allocating a `Vec` for your intermediate results:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/> και κάντε "
|
|
"τις δοκιμές\n"
|
|
"πέρασμα. Προσπαθήστε να αποφύγετε να εκχωρήσετε ένα «Vec» για τα ενδιάμεσα "
|
|
"αποτελέσματά σας:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/"
|
|
"abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/"
|
|
"books\"));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/"
|
|
"publishers\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/"
|
|
"publishers\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Welcome to Day 3"
|
|
msgstr "# Καλώς ήρθατε στην Ημέρα 3"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Today, we will cover some more advanced topics of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Σήμερα, θα καλύψουμε μερικά πιο προχωρημένα θέματα του Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library\n"
|
|
" traits.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and "
|
|
"trait\n"
|
|
" objects.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern\n"
|
|
" functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Traits"
|
|
msgstr "# Χαρακτηριστικά"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust σάς επιτρέπει να αφηρείτε τους τύπους με χαρακτηριστικά. Είναι "
|
|
"παρόμοια με τις διεπαφές:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"trait Pet {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Dog {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Cat;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Pet for Dog {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
|
|
" self.name.clone()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Pet for Cat {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
|
|
" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it "
|
|
"anyway.\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn greet(pet: &impl Pet) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Who's a cutie? {} is!\", pet.name());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let fido = Dog { name: \"Fido\".into() };\n"
|
|
" greet(&fido);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let captain_floof = Cat;\n"
|
|
" greet(&captain_floof);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Later sections will get into more detail on generic functions like "
|
|
"`greet`.\n"
|
|
" For now, students only need to know that `greet` will operate on a "
|
|
"reference\n"
|
|
" to anything that implements `Pet`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Deriving Traits"
|
|
msgstr "# Απόκτηση γνωρισμάτων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορείτε να αφήσετε τον μεταγλωττιστή να αντλήσει έναν αριθμό "
|
|
"χαρακτηριστικών:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n"
|
|
"struct Player {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" strength: u8,\n"
|
|
" hit_points: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Player::default();\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1.clone();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Is {:?}\\nequal to {:?}?\\nThe answer is {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n"
|
|
" if p1 == p2 { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" });\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Default Methods"
|
|
msgstr "# Προεπιλεγμένες μέθοδοι"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τα χαρακτηριστικά μπορούν να εφαρμόσουν τη συμπεριφορά σε σχέση με άλλες "
|
|
"μεθόδους χαρακτηριστικών:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"trait Equals {\n"
|
|
" fn equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
|
|
" fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" !self.equal(other)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Centimeter(i16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Equals for Centimeter {\n"
|
|
" fn equal(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" self.0 == other.0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = Centimeter(10);\n"
|
|
" let b = Centimeter(20);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equal(&b));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equal(&b));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Important Traits"
|
|
msgstr "# Σημαντικά Χαρακτηριστικά"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard "
|
|
"library:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα δούμε τώρα μερικά από τα πιο κοινά χαρακτηριστικά της βασικής βιβλιοθήκης "
|
|
"Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [`Iterator`][1] and [`IntoIterator`][2] used in `for` loops,\n"
|
|
"* [`From`][3] and [`Into`][4] used to convert values,\n"
|
|
"* [`Read`][5] and [`Write`][6] used for IO,\n"
|
|
"* [`Add`][7], [`Mul`][8], ... used for operator overloading, and\n"
|
|
"* [`Drop`][9] used for defining destructors.\n"
|
|
"* [`Default`][10] used to construct a default instance of a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* «Iterator» και «IntoIterator» που χρησιμοποιούνται σε βρόχους «for»,\n"
|
|
"* Τα \"From\" και \"Into\" χρησιμοποιούνται για τη μετατροπή τιμών,\n"
|
|
"* «Read» και «Write» που χρησιμοποιούνται για IO,\n"
|
|
"* «Προσθήκη», «Mul», ... χρησιμοποιείται για υπερφόρτωση χειριστή και\n"
|
|
"* «Drop» που χρησιμοποιείται για τον ορισμό των καταστροφέων."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Iterators"
|
|
msgstr "# Επαναληπτικοί"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can implement the [`Iterator`][1] trait on your own types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορείτε να εφαρμόσετε το χαρακτηριστικό «Iterator» στους δικούς σας τύπους:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Fibonacci {\n"
|
|
" curr: u32,\n"
|
|
" next: u32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Iterator for Fibonacci {\n"
|
|
" type Item = u32;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {\n"
|
|
" let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n"
|
|
" self.curr = self.next;\n"
|
|
" self.next = new_next;\n"
|
|
" Some(self.curr)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n"
|
|
" for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"fib({i}): {n}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming "
|
|
"operations over collections \n"
|
|
" (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is the trait where you can "
|
|
"find all the documentation\n"
|
|
" about them. In Rust these functions should produce the code as efficient "
|
|
"as equivalent imperative\n"
|
|
" implementations.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* `IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented "
|
|
"by collection types such as\n"
|
|
" `Vec<T>` and references to them such as `&Vec<T>` and `&[T]`. Ranges also "
|
|
"implement it. This is why\n"
|
|
" you can iterate over a vector with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but\n"
|
|
" `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# FromIterator"
|
|
msgstr "# FromIterator"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`FromIterator`][1] lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`][2]."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το \"FromIterator\" σάς επιτρέπει να δημιουργήσετε μια συλλογή από ένα "
|
|
"\"Iterator\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let primes = vec![2, 3, 5, 7];\n"
|
|
" let prime_squares = primes\n"
|
|
" .into_iter()\n"
|
|
" .map(|prime| prime * prime)\n"
|
|
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:17
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Iterator` implements\n"
|
|
"`fn collect<B>(self) -> B\n"
|
|
"where\n"
|
|
" B: FromIterator<Self::Item>,\n"
|
|
" Self: Sized`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το «Iterator» υλοποιεί\n"
|
|
"`fn collect<B>(self) -> B\n"
|
|
"που\n"
|
|
" Β: FromIterator<Self::Item>,\n"
|
|
" Self: Μέγεθος`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:23
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There are also implementations which let you do cool things like convert an\n"
|
|
"`Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` into a `Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Υπάρχουν επίσης υλοποιήσεις που σας επιτρέπουν να κάνετε καταπληκτικά "
|
|
"πράγματα όπως η μετατροπή ενός\n"
|
|
"\"Iterator<Item = Αποτέλεσμα<V, E>>\" σε ένα \"Result<Vec<V>, E>\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `From` and `Into`"
|
|
msgstr "# «Από» και «Μέσα»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types implement [`From`][1] and [`Into`][2] to facilitate type conversions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Οι τύποι εφαρμόζουν τα «Από» και «Μέσα» για να διευκολύνουν τις μετατροπές "
|
|
"τύπων:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from(\"hello\");\n"
|
|
" let addr = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n"
|
|
" let one = i16::from(true);\n"
|
|
" let bigger = i32::from(123i16);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:15
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Into`][2] is automatically implemented when [`From`][1] is implemented:"
|
|
msgstr "Το \"Into\" υλοποιείται αυτόματα όταν υλοποιείται το \"From\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s: String = \"hello\".into();\n"
|
|
" let addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n"
|
|
" let one: i16 = true.into();\n"
|
|
" let bigger: i32 = 123i16.into();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get "
|
|
"`Into` implementation too.\n"
|
|
"* When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be "
|
|
"converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`.\n"
|
|
" Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that "
|
|
"_only_ implement `Into`.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Αυτός είναι ο λόγος για τον οποίο είναι σύνηθες να εφαρμόζετε μόνο το "
|
|
"\"From\", καθώς ο τύπος σας θα λάβει επίσης την εφαρμογή \"Into\".\n"
|
|
"* Όταν δηλώνετε έναν τύπο εισόδου ορίσματος συνάρτησης όπως \"οτιδήποτε "
|
|
"μπορεί να μετατραπεί σε \"Συμβολοσειρά\", ο κανόνας είναι αντίθετος, θα "
|
|
"πρέπει να χρησιμοποιήσετε το \"Into\".\n"
|
|
" Η συνάρτησή σας θα δέχεται τύπους που υλοποιούν το \"From\" και εκείνους "
|
|
"που _only_ υλοποιούν το \"Into\".\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `Read` and `Write`"
|
|
msgstr "# «Διαβάστε» και «Γράψτε»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Using [`Read`][1] and [`BufRead`][2], you can abstract over `u8` sources:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Χρησιμοποιώντας το \"Read\" και το \"BufRead\", μπορείτε να αφαιρέσετε τις "
|
|
"πηγές \"u8\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn count_lines<R: Read>(reader: R) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n"
|
|
" buf_reader.lines().count()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:23
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Similarly, [`Write`][3] lets you abstract over `u8` sinks:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Παρομοίως, το «Write» σάς επιτρέπει να κάνετε αφηρήσεις πάνω από τα νεροχύτα "
|
|
"«u8»:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{Result, Write};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn log<W: Write>(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n"
|
|
" writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n"
|
|
" log(&mut buffer, \"World\")?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Logged: {:?}\", buffer);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `Add`, `Mul`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "# \"Προσθήκη\", \"Mul\", ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`][1]:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η υπερφόρτωση χειριστή υλοποιείται μέσω χαρακτηριστικών στο `std::ops`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
|
|
" type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:26 src/traits/drop.md:34
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Discussion points:"
|
|
msgstr "Σημεία συζήτησης:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:28
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that "
|
|
"useful? \n"
|
|
" * Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are\n"
|
|
" overloading the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider "
|
|
"overloading\n"
|
|
" the operator for `&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" call site.\n"
|
|
"* Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter?\n"
|
|
" * Short answer: Type parameters are controlled by the caller, but\n"
|
|
" associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementor "
|
|
"of a\n"
|
|
" trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Θα μπορούσατε να εφαρμόσετε το \"Add\" για το \"&Point\". Σε ποιες "
|
|
"περιπτώσεις είναι χρήσιμο;\n"
|
|
" * Απάντηση: Το «Προσθήκη: Προσθήκη» καταναλώνει τον «εαυτό». Αν "
|
|
"πληκτρολογήστε `T` για το οποίο είστε\n"
|
|
" Η υπερφόρτωση του χειριστή δεν είναι «Αντιγραφή», θα πρέπει να "
|
|
"εξετάσετε την υπερφόρτωση\n"
|
|
" ο χειριστής για το «&T» επίσης. Αυτό αποφεύγει την περιττή "
|
|
"κλωνοποίηση στο\n"
|
|
" τοποθεσία κλήσης.\n"
|
|
"* Γιατί το \"Έξοδος\" είναι συσχετισμένος τύπος; Θα μπορούσε να γίνει "
|
|
"παράμετρος τύπου;\n"
|
|
" * Σύντομη απάντηση: Οι παράμετροι τύπου ελέγχονται από τον καλούντα, "
|
|
"αλλά\n"
|
|
" οι συσχετισμένοι τύποι (όπως \"Έξοδος\") ελέγχονται από τον "
|
|
"υλοποιητή του a\n"
|
|
" χαρακτηριστικό."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# The `Drop` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "# Το χαρακτηριστικό «Drop»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Values which implement [`Drop`][1] can specify code to run when they go out "
|
|
"of scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Οι τιμές που εφαρμόζουν το \"Drop\" μπορούν να καθορίσουν τον κώδικα που θα "
|
|
"εκτελείται όταν εξέρχονται από το πεδίο εφαρμογής:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Droppable {\n"
|
|
" name: &'static str,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Drop for Droppable {\n"
|
|
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let b = Droppable { name: \"b\" };\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let c = Droppable { name: \"c\" };\n"
|
|
" let d = Droppable { name: \"d\" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Exiting block B\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Exiting block A\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" drop(a);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Exiting main\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:36
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?\n"
|
|
" * Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end "
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
" the block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack\n"
|
|
" overflow!\n"
|
|
"* Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Γιατί το «Drop::drop» δεν σημαίνει «self»;\n"
|
|
" * Σύντομη απάντηση: Εάν συνέβαινε, το `std::mem::drop` θα καλούνταν στο "
|
|
"τέλος του\n"
|
|
" το μπλοκ, με αποτέλεσμα μια άλλη κλήση στο «Drop::drop» και μια "
|
|
"στοίβα\n"
|
|
" ξεχείλισμα!\n"
|
|
"* Δοκιμάστε να αντικαταστήσετε το «drop(a)» με το «a.drop()»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# The `Default` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "# Το χαρακτηριστικό «Drop»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:3
|
|
msgid "[`Default`][1] trait provides a default implementation of a trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
"struct Derived {\n"
|
|
" x: u32,\n"
|
|
" y: String,\n"
|
|
" z: Implemented,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Implemented(String);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Default for Implemented {\n"
|
|
" fn default() -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let default_struct: Derived = Default::default();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n"
|
|
" y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n"
|
|
" ..Default::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let nothing: Option<Derived> = None;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via "
|
|
"`#[derive(Default)]`.\n"
|
|
" * Derived implementation will produce an instance where all fields are set "
|
|
"to their default values.\n"
|
|
" * This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too.\n"
|
|
" * Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e."
|
|
"g. `0`, `\"\"`, etc).\n"
|
|
" * The partial struct copy works nicely with default.\n"
|
|
" * Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and "
|
|
"provides convenience methods that use it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Generics"
|
|
msgstr "# Γενόσημα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust support generics, which lets you abstract an algorithm (such as "
|
|
"sorting)\n"
|
|
"over the types used in the algorithm."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Γενικά υποστήριξη σκουριάς, που σας επιτρέπει να αφαιρέσετε έναν αλγόριθμο "
|
|
"(όπως ταξινόμηση)\n"
|
|
"πάνω από τους τύπους που χρησιμοποιούνται στον αλγόριθμο."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/data-types.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Generic Data Types"
|
|
msgstr "# Γενικοί τύποι δεδομένων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/data-types.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε γενικά για να αφαιρέσετε τον συγκεκριμένο τύπο "
|
|
"πεδίου:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/data-types.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point<T> {\n"
|
|
" x: T,\n"
|
|
" y: T,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n"
|
|
" let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Generic Methods"
|
|
msgstr "# Γενικές Μέθοδοι"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:"
|
|
msgstr "Μπορείτε να δηλώσετε έναν γενικό τύπο στο μπλοκ `impl`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point<T>(T, T);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl<T> Point<T> {\n"
|
|
" fn x(&self) -> &T {\n"
|
|
" &self.0 // + 10\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(5, 10);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* *Q:* Why `T` is specified twice in `impl<T> Point<T> {}`? Isn't that "
|
|
"redundant?\n"
|
|
" * This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic "
|
|
"type. They are independently generic.\n"
|
|
" * It means these methods are defined for any `T`.\n"
|
|
" * It is possible to write `impl Point<u32> { .. }`. \n"
|
|
" * `Point` is still generic and you can use `Point<f64>`, but methods "
|
|
"in this block will only be available for `Point<u32>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* *Ε:* Γιατί το `T` καθορίζεται δύο φορές στο `impl<T> Point<T> {}`; Δεν "
|
|
"είναι περιττό;\n"
|
|
" * Αυτό συμβαίνει επειδή είναι μια γενική ενότητα υλοποίησης για γενικό "
|
|
"τύπο. Είναι ανεξάρτητα γενικά.\n"
|
|
" * Σημαίνει ότι αυτές οι μέθοδοι ορίζονται για οποιοδήποτε «T».\n"
|
|
" * Είναι δυνατό να γράψετε `impl Point<u32> { .. }`.\n"
|
|
" * Το \"Point\" εξακολουθεί να είναι γενικό και μπορείτε να "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιήσετε το \"Point<f64>\", αλλά οι μέθοδοι σε αυτό το μπλοκ θα είναι "
|
|
"διαθέσιμες μόνο για το \"Point<u32>\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Trait Bounds"
|
|
msgstr "# Όρια χαρακτηριστικών"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to "
|
|
"implement\n"
|
|
"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Όταν εργάζεστε με γενόσημα, συχνά θέλετε να περιορίσετε τους τύπους. "
|
|
"Μπορείτε να το κάνετε αυτό\n"
|
|
"με \"T: Trait\" ή \"immpl Trait\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:6
|
|
msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn duplicate<T: Clone>(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n"
|
|
" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Syntactic sugar for:\n"
|
|
"// fn add_42_millions<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
"fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into<i32>) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" x.into() + 42_000_000\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// struct NotClonable;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
" let pair = duplicate(foo);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{pair:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{many}\");\n"
|
|
" let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{many_more}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:35
|
|
msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"fn duplicate<T>(a: T) -> (T, T)\n"
|
|
"where\n"
|
|
" T: Clone,\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:46
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters.\n"
|
|
"* It has additional features making it more powerful.\n"
|
|
" * If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":"
|
|
"\" can be arbitrary, like `Option<T>`.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Καταργεί την υπογραφή της συνάρτησης εάν έχετε πολλές παραμέτρους.\n"
|
|
"* Διαθέτει πρόσθετα χαρακτηριστικά που το κάνουν πιο ισχυρό.\n"
|
|
" * Εάν κάποιος ρωτήσει, το επιπλέον χαρακτηριστικό είναι ότι ο τύπος στα "
|
|
"αριστερά του \":\" μπορεί να είναι αυθαίρετος, όπως \"Επιλογή<T>\".\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `impl Trait`"
|
|
msgstr "# `impl Trait`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function\n"
|
|
"arguments and return values:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Παρόμοια με τα όρια χαρακτηριστικών, μια σύνταξη «impl Trait» μπορεί να "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιηθεί στη συνάρτηση\n"
|
|
"ορίσματα και τιμές επιστροφής:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::fmt::Display;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
|
|
" format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "* `impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Το \"impl Trait\" δεν μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί με τη σύνταξη \"::<>\" "
|
|
"turbo fish.\n"
|
|
"* Το \"impl Trait\" σάς επιτρέπει να εργάζεστε με τύπους που δεν μπορείτε να "
|
|
"ονομάσετε."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:23
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η έννοια του «impl Trait» είναι λίγο διαφορετική στις διαφορετικές θέσεις."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with "
|
|
"a trait bound.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type "
|
|
"that implements the trait,\n"
|
|
" without naming the type. This can be useful when you don't want to expose "
|
|
"the concrete type in a\n"
|
|
" public API.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` "
|
|
"picks\n"
|
|
" the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A "
|
|
"function\n"
|
|
" returning a generic type like `collect<B>() -> B` can return any type\n"
|
|
" satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with `let "
|
|
"x:\n"
|
|
" Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::<Vec<_>>()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Για μια παράμετρο, το \"impl Trait\" είναι σαν μια ανώνυμη γενική "
|
|
"παράμετρος με δεσμευμένο χαρακτηριστικό.\n"
|
|
"* Για έναν τύπο επιστροφής, σημαίνει ότι ο τύπος επιστροφής είναι κάποιος "
|
|
"συγκεκριμένος τύπος που υλοποιεί το χαρακτηριστικό,\n"
|
|
" χωρίς να ονομάσουμε τον τύπο. Αυτό μπορεί να είναι χρήσιμο όταν δεν θέλετε "
|
|
"να εκθέσετε τον τύπο σκυροδέματος στο α\n"
|
|
" δημόσιο API."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to "
|
|
"explain that\n"
|
|
"nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` type. If we used "
|
|
"a single \n"
|
|
"`T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint that input `T` and return `T` "
|
|
"type are the same type.\n"
|
|
"It would not work for this particular function, as the type we expect as "
|
|
"input is likely not\n"
|
|
"what `format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` syntax, "
|
|
"we'd need two\n"
|
|
"independent generic parameters."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτό το παράδειγμα είναι υπέροχο, επειδή χρησιμοποιεί το \"immpl Display\" "
|
|
"δύο φορές. Βοηθά να το εξηγήσω\n"
|
|
"τίποτα εδώ δεν επιβάλλει ότι είναι _ο ίδιος_ τύπος \"impl Display\". Αν "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιούσαμε ένα μονό\n"
|
|
"«T: Εμφάνιση», θα επιβάλει τον περιορισμό ότι η είσοδος «T» και η επιστροφή "
|
|
"του τύπου «T» είναι του ίδιου τύπου.\n"
|
|
"Δεν θα λειτουργούσε για τη συγκεκριμένη λειτουργία, καθώς ο τύπος που "
|
|
"περιμένουμε ως είσοδο είναι πιθανό να μην είναι\n"
|
|
"τι «μορφή!» επιστρέφει. Αν θέλαμε να κάνουμε το ίδιο μέσω της σύνταξης `: "
|
|
"Display`, θα χρειαζόμασταν δύο\n"
|
|
"ανεξάρτητες γενικές παραμέτρους.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/closures.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Closures"
|
|
msgstr "# Κλείσιμο"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/closures.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, "
|
|
"they\n"
|
|
"implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html),\n"
|
|
"[`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and\n"
|
|
"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τα κλεισίματα ή οι εκφράσεις λάμδα έχουν τύπους που δεν μπορούν να "
|
|
"ονομαστούν. Ωστόσο, αυτοί\n"
|
|
"εφαρμογή ειδικού [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html),\n"
|
|
"[`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html) και\n"
|
|
"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) "
|
|
"χαρακτηριστικά:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/closures.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Calling function on {input}\");\n"
|
|
" func(input)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n"
|
|
" let mul_5 = |x| x * 5;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"mul_5: {}\", apply_with_log(mul_5, 20));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/closures.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you have an `FnOnce`, you may only call it once. It might consume "
|
|
"captured values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν έχετε ένα \"FnOnce\", μπορείτε να το καλέσετε μόνο μία φορά. Μπορεί να "
|
|
"καταναλώσει καταγεγραμμένες τιμές."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/closures.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `FnMut` might mutate captured values, so you can call it multiple times "
|
|
"but not concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ένα \"FnMut\" μπορεί να μεταλλάξει τις καταγεγραμμένες τιμές, ώστε να "
|
|
"μπορείτε να το καλέσετε πολλές φορές αλλά όχι ταυτόχρονα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/closures.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `Fn` neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or perhaps captures "
|
|
"nothing at all, so it can\n"
|
|
"be called multiple times concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ένα \"Fn\" ούτε καταναλώνει ούτε μεταλλάσσει τις καταγεγραμμένες τιμές ή "
|
|
"ίσως δεν καταγράφει τίποτα απολύτως, επομένως μπορεί\n"
|
|
"καλείται πολλές φορές ταυτόχρονα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/closures.md:32
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. "
|
|
"I.e. you can use an\n"
|
|
"`FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can use an `Fn` wherever "
|
|
"an `FnMut` or `FnOnce`\n"
|
|
"is called for."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το \"FnMut\" είναι ένας υποτύπος του \"FnOnce\". Το \"Fn\" είναι ένας "
|
|
"υποτύπος των \"FnMut\" και \"FnOnce\". Δηλ. μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε ένα\n"
|
|
"«FnMut» όπου ζητείται ένα «FnOnce» και μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε ένα «Fn» "
|
|
"όπου ένα «FnMut» ή «FnOnce»\n"
|
|
"καλείται."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/closures.md:36
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`move` closures only implement `FnOnce`."
|
|
msgstr "Τα κλεισίματα «μετακίνησης» εφαρμόζουν μόνο το «FnOnce»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Monomorphization"
|
|
msgstr "# Μονομορφοποίηση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ο γενικός κώδικας μετατρέπεται σε μη γενικό κώδικα βάσει των τοποθεσιών "
|
|
"κλήσεων:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let integer = Some(5);\n"
|
|
" let float = Some(5.0);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "behaves as if you wrote"
|
|
msgstr "συμπεριφέρεται σαν να έγραψες"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"enum Option_i32 {\n"
|
|
" Some(i32),\n"
|
|
" None,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"enum Option_f64 {\n"
|
|
" Some(f64),\n"
|
|
" None,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let integer = Option_i32::Some(5);\n"
|
|
" let float = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you "
|
|
"had\n"
|
|
"hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτή είναι μια αφαίρεση μηδενικού κόστους: παίρνετε ακριβώς το ίδιο "
|
|
"αποτέλεσμα όπως αν είχατε\n"
|
|
"κωδικοποίησαν τις δομές δεδομένων χωρίς την αφαίρεση."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Trait Objects"
|
|
msgstr "# Αντικείμενα χαρακτηριστικών"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We've seen how a function can take arguments which implement a trait:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Είδαμε πώς μια συνάρτηση μπορεί να λάβει ορίσματα που υλοποιούν ένα "
|
|
"χαρακτηριστικό:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::fmt::Display;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn print<T: Display>(x: T) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Your value: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" print(123);\n"
|
|
" print(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, how can we store a collection of mixed types which implement "
|
|
"`Display`?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ωστόσο, πώς μπορούμε να αποθηκεύσουμε μια συλλογή μικτών τύπων που υλοποιούν "
|
|
"το \"Display\";"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let displayables = vec![123, \"Hello\"];\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:26
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "For this, we need _trait objects_:"
|
|
msgstr "Για αυτό, χρειαζόμαστε _trait αντικείμενα_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::fmt::Display;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let displayables: Vec<Box<dyn Display>> = vec![Box::new(123), Box::"
|
|
"new(\"Hello\")];\n"
|
|
" for x in displayables {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:39
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Memory layout after allocating `displayables`:"
|
|
msgstr "Διάταξη μνήμης μετά την εκχώρηση «xs»:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"displayables : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | +----+----+----+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| H | e | l | l | o "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": : : | | | +----+----+----+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | | "
|
|
"+-------------------------+ :\n"
|
|
" : | | '---->| \"<str as Display>::"
|
|
"fmt\" | :\n"
|
|
" : | | "
|
|
"+-------------------------+ :\n"
|
|
" : | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | +----+----+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : | '-->| 7b | 00 | 00 | 00 "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | +----+----+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | +-------------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : '---->| \"<i32 as Display>::fmt\" "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : +-------------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : :\n"
|
|
" : :\n"
|
|
" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:69
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similarly, you need a trait object if you want to return different types\n"
|
|
"implementing a trait:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ομοίως, χρειάζεστε ένα αντικείμενο χαρακτηριστικών εάν θέλετε να επιστρέψετε "
|
|
"διαφορετικές τιμές\n"
|
|
"υλοποίηση ενός χαρακτηριστικού:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:72
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn numbers(n: i32) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item=i32>> {\n"
|
|
" if n > 0 {\n"
|
|
" Box::new(0..n)\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" Box::new((n..0).rev())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", numbers(-5).collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", numbers(5).collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-objects.md:90
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes "
|
|
"it impossible to have things like `Vec<Display>` in the example above.\n"
|
|
"* `dyn Display` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type "
|
|
"that implements `Display`.\n"
|
|
"* In the example, `displayables` holds *fat pointers* to objects that "
|
|
"implement `Display`. The fat pointer consists of two components, a pointer "
|
|
"to the actual object and a pointer to the virtual method table for the "
|
|
"`Display` implementation of that particular object.\n"
|
|
"* Compare these outputs in the above example:\n"
|
|
" ```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"\t\t use std::fmt::Display;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<u32>());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&u32>());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Display>());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Display>>());\n"
|
|
" ```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Τα χαρακτηριστικά μπορεί να προσδιορίζουν προ-εφαρμοσμένες "
|
|
"(προεπιλεγμένες) μεθόδους και μεθόδους που απαιτείται από τους χρήστες να "
|
|
"εφαρμόσουν οι ίδιοι. Οι μέθοδοι με προεπιλεγμένες υλοποιήσεις μπορούν να "
|
|
"βασίζονται στις απαιτούμενες μεθόδους.\n"
|
|
"* Οι τύποι που εφαρμόζουν ένα δεδομένο χαρακτηριστικό μπορεί να είναι "
|
|
"διαφορετικών μεγεθών. Αυτό καθιστά αδύνατο να υπάρχουν πράγματα όπως το "
|
|
"\"Vec<Greet>\" στο παραπάνω παράδειγμα.\n"
|
|
"* Το \"dyn Greet\" είναι ένας τρόπος να πείτε στον μεταγλωττιστή έναν τύπο "
|
|
"δυναμικού μεγέθους που υλοποιεί το \"Greet\".\n"
|
|
"* Στο παράδειγμα, τα «κατοικίδια» κρατούν δείκτες λίπους σε αντικείμενα που "
|
|
"υλοποιούν το «Χαιρετισμός». Ο δείκτης λίπους αποτελείται από δύο στοιχεία, "
|
|
"έναν δείκτη προς το πραγματικό αντικείμενο και έναν δείκτη στον πίνακα "
|
|
"εικονικής μεθόδου για την υλοποίηση «Greet» του συγκεκριμένου αντικειμένου."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Day 3: Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Ημέρα 3: Πρωινές ασκήσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We will design a classical GUI library traits and trait objects."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα σχεδιάσουμε μια κλασική βιβλιοθήκη GUI χαρακτηριστικά και αντικείμενα "
|
|
"χαρακτηριστικών."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# A Simple GUI Library"
|
|
msgstr "# Μια απλή βιβλιοθήκη GUI"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits and\n"
|
|
"trait objects."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ας σχεδιάσουμε μια κλασική βιβλιοθήκη GUI χρησιμοποιώντας τις νέες μας "
|
|
"γνώσεις για τα χαρακτηριστικά και\n"
|
|
"γνωρίσματα αντικειμένων."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:"
|
|
msgstr "Θα έχουμε έναν αριθμό γραφικών στοιχείων στη βιβλιοθήκη μας:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets.\n"
|
|
"* `Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the\n"
|
|
" button is pressed.\n"
|
|
"* `Label`: has a `label`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* «Παράθυρο»: έχει «τίτλο» και περιέχει άλλα γραφικά στοιχεία.\n"
|
|
"* «Κουμπί»: έχει μια «ετικέτα» και μια λειτουργία επανάκλησης που καλείται "
|
|
"όταν το\n"
|
|
" πατιέται το κουμπί.\n"
|
|
"* \"Ετικέτα\": έχει \"ετικέτα\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τα γραφικά στοιχεία θα εφαρμόσουν ένα χαρακτηριστικό «Γραφικό στοιχείο», "
|
|
"δείτε παρακάτω."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:15
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, fill in the missing\n"
|
|
"`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, "
|
|
"συμπληρώστε τον κωδικό που λείπει\n"
|
|
"Μέθοδοι \"draw_into\", ώστε να εφαρμόσετε το χαρακτηριστικό \"Widget\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
" /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
|
|
" fn draw(&self) {\n"
|
|
" let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
|
|
" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
" label: String,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Label {\n"
|
|
" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
" Label {\n"
|
|
" label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Button {\n"
|
|
" label: Label,\n"
|
|
" callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Button {\n"
|
|
" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
|
|
" Button {\n"
|
|
" label: Label::new(label),\n"
|
|
" callback,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Window {\n"
|
|
" title: String,\n"
|
|
" widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Window {\n"
|
|
" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
|
|
" Window {\n"
|
|
" title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
" widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
|
|
" self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo."
|
|
"\")));\n"
|
|
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
|
|
" \"Click me!\",\n"
|
|
" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
|
|
" )));\n"
|
|
" window.draw();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:123
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η έξοδος του παραπάνω προγράμματος μπορεί να είναι κάτι απλό όπως αυτό:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:125
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"========\n"
|
|
"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\n"
|
|
"========\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"This is a small text GUI demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"| Click me! |\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:135
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the\n"
|
|
"[fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index."
|
|
"html#fillalignment)\n"
|
|
"formatting operators. In particular, notice how you can pad with different\n"
|
|
"characters (here a `'/'`) and how you can control alignment:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν θέλετε να σχεδιάσετε στοιχισμένο κείμενο, μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε "
|
|
"το\n"
|
|
"[fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index."
|
|
"html#fillalignment)\n"
|
|
"τελεστές μορφοποίησης. Ειδικότερα, παρατηρήστε πώς μπορείτε να γεμίσετε "
|
|
"διαφορετικά\n"
|
|
"χαρακτήρες (εδώ ένα `'/'`) και πώς μπορείτε να ελέγξετε τη στοίχιση:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:140
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let width = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"left aligned: |{:/<width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"centered: |{:/^width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"right aligned: |{:/>width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:149
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Χρησιμοποιώντας τέτοια κόλπα ευθυγράμμισης, μπορείτε για παράδειγμα να "
|
|
"παράγετε έξοδο όπως αυτό:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:151
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"+--------------------------------+\n"
|
|
"| Rust GUI Demo 1.23 |\n"
|
|
"+================================+\n"
|
|
"| This is a small text GUI demo. |\n"
|
|
"| +-----------+ |\n"
|
|
"| | Click me! | |\n"
|
|
"| +-----------+ |\n"
|
|
"+--------------------------------+\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "# Χειρισμός σφαλμάτων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ο χειρισμός σφαλμάτων στο Rust γίνεται χρησιμοποιώντας ρητή ροή ελέγχου:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Functions that can have errors list this in their return type,\n"
|
|
"* There are no exceptions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Οι συναρτήσεις που μπορεί να έχουν σφάλματα το αναφέρουν στον τύπο "
|
|
"επιστροφής τους,\n"
|
|
"* Δεν υπάρχουν εξαιρέσεις."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Panics"
|
|
msgstr "# Πανικός"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust θα προκαλέσει πανικό εάν συμβεί ένα μοιραίο σφάλμα κατά τη διάρκεια "
|
|
"της εκτέλεσης:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,should_panic\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors.\n"
|
|
" * Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program.\n"
|
|
"* Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Οι πανικοί αφορούν μη αναστρέψιμα και απροσδόκητα σφάλματα.\n"
|
|
" * Οι πανικοί είναι συμπτώματα σφαλμάτων στο πρόγραμμα.\n"
|
|
"* Χρησιμοποιήστε API που δεν προκαλούν πανικό (όπως \"Vec::get\") εάν το "
|
|
"σφάλμα δεν είναι αποδεκτό."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Catching the Stack Unwinding"
|
|
msgstr "# Αλίευση της στοίβας Ξετύλιγμα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be "
|
|
"caught:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Από προεπιλογή, ένας πανικός θα προκαλέσει το ξετύλιγμα της στοίβας. Το "
|
|
"ξετύλιγμα μπορεί να πιαστεί:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"use std::panic;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"hello!\");\n"
|
|
"});\n"
|
|
"assert!(result.is_ok());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
|
|
" panic!(\"oh no!\");\n"
|
|
"});\n"
|
|
"assert!(result.is_err());\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single\n"
|
|
" request crashes.\n"
|
|
"* This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Αυτό μπορεί να είναι χρήσιμο σε διακομιστές που θα πρέπει να συνεχίσουν να "
|
|
"εκτελούνται ακόμα και αν είναι μόνοι\n"
|
|
" κολλάει το αίτημα.\n"
|
|
"* Αυτό δεν λειτουργεί εάν το \"panic = \"abort\" έχει οριστεί στο \"Cargo."
|
|
"toml\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Structured Error Handling with `Result`"
|
|
msgstr "# Χειρισμός δομημένου σφάλματος με «Αποτέλεσμα»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when errors "
|
|
"are\n"
|
|
"expected as part of normal operation:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Έχουμε ήδη δει τον αριθμό «Αποτέλεσμα». Αυτό χρησιμοποιείται ευρέως όταν "
|
|
"υπάρχουν σφάλματα\n"
|
|
"αναμένεται ως μέρος της κανονικής λειτουργίας:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"use std::fs::File;\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let file = File::open(\"diary.txt\");\n"
|
|
" match file {\n"
|
|
" Ok(mut file) => {\n"
|
|
" let mut contents = String::new();\n"
|
|
" file.read_to_string(&mut contents);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Dear diary: {contents}\");\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing "
|
|
"the developer to\n"
|
|
" explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the case where "
|
|
"an error should never happen,\n"
|
|
" `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be called, and this is a signal of the "
|
|
"developer intent too. \n"
|
|
" * `Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but "
|
|
"it is worth mentioning. \n"
|
|
" It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions that help "
|
|
"functional-style programming. \n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" * Όπως και με την \"Επιλογή\", η επιτυχημένη τιμή βρίσκεται μέσα στο "
|
|
"\"Αποτέλεσμα\", αναγκάζοντας τον προγραμματιστή να το κάνει\n"
|
|
" το εξάγετε ρητά. Αυτό ενθαρρύνει τον έλεγχο σφαλμάτων. Στην περίπτωση "
|
|
"που δεν πρέπει να συμβεί ποτέ λάθος,\n"
|
|
" Το \"unwrap()\" ή το \"expect()\" μπορεί να κληθεί, και αυτό είναι "
|
|
"επίσης ένα σήμα της πρόθεσης του προγραμματιστή.\n"
|
|
" * Η τεκμηρίωση «Αποτελέσματος» συνιστάται για ανάγνωση. Όχι κατά τη "
|
|
"διάρκεια του μαθήματος, αλλά αξίζει να αναφερθεί.\n"
|
|
" Περιέχει πολλές πρακτικές μεθόδους και λειτουργίες που βοηθούν τον "
|
|
"προγραμματισμό λειτουργικού στυλ.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Propagating Errors with `?`"
|
|
msgstr "# Σφάλματα διάδοσης με το \"?\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you "
|
|
"turn\n"
|
|
"the common"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ο τελεστής δοκιμής `?` χρησιμοποιείται για την επιστροφή σφαλμάτων στον "
|
|
"καλούντα. Σας αφήνει να στρίψετε\n"
|
|
"το κοινό"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"match some_expression {\n"
|
|
" Ok(value) => value,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "into the much simpler"
|
|
msgstr "στο πολύ πιο απλό"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"some_expression?\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handing code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορούμε να το χρησιμοποιήσουμε για να απλοποιήσουμε τον κωδικό παράδοσης "
|
|
"σφαλμάτων:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::fs;\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{self, Read};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, io::Error> {\n"
|
|
" let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n"
|
|
" Ok(file) => file,\n"
|
|
" Err(e) => return Err(e),\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::new();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n"
|
|
" Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n"
|
|
" Err(e) => Err(e),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:52
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:52
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`.\n"
|
|
"* Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, "
|
|
"empty file, file with username."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Η μεταβλητή \"username\" μπορεί να είναι είτε \"Ok(string)\" είτε "
|
|
"\"Err(error)\".\n"
|
|
"* Χρησιμοποιήστε την κλήση `fs::write` για να δοκιμάσετε τα διαφορετικά "
|
|
"σενάρια: κανένα αρχείο, κενό αρχείο, αρχείο με όνομα χρήστη."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:1
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Converting Error Types"
|
|
msgstr "# Μετατροπή τύπων σφαλμάτων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously "
|
|
"indicated:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η αποτελεσματική επέκταση του «?» είναι λίγο πιο περίπλοκη από ό,τι "
|
|
"αναφέρθηκε προηγουμένως:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"expression?\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "works the same as"
|
|
msgstr "λειτουργεί το ίδιο με"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"match expression {\n"
|
|
" Ok(value) => value,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
"type returned by the function:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η κλήση \"From::from\" εδώ σημαίνει ότι προσπαθούμε να μετατρέψουμε τον τύπο "
|
|
"σφάλματος στο\n"
|
|
"τύπος που επιστρέφεται από τη συνάρτηση:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
"use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n"
|
|
"use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{self, Read};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" IoError(io::Error),\n"
|
|
" EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
" match self {\n"
|
|
" Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {}\", e),\n"
|
|
" Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username "
|
|
"in {}\", filename),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl From<io::Error> for ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
" File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:55
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is good practice for all error types to implement `std::error::Error`, "
|
|
"which requires `Debug` and\n"
|
|
"`Display`. It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too "
|
|
"where possible, to make\n"
|
|
"life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In this case we can't "
|
|
"easily do so, because\n"
|
|
"`io::Error` doesn't implement them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Είναι καλή πρακτική για όλους τους τύπους σφαλμάτων να εφαρμόζουν το \"std::"
|
|
"error::Error\", το οποίο απαιτεί \"Debug\" και\n"
|
|
"'Εμφάνιση'. Είναι γενικά χρήσιμο γι 'αυτούς να εφαρμόσουν το \"Clone\" και "
|
|
"το \"Eq\" όπου είναι δυνατόν\n"
|
|
"ευκολότερη ζωή για τα τεστ και τους καταναλωτές της βιβλιοθήκης σας. Σε αυτή "
|
|
"την περίπτωση δεν μπορούμε εύκολα να το κάνουμε, γιατί\n"
|
|
"Το `io::Error` δεν τα υλοποιεί."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Deriving Error Enums"
|
|
msgstr "# Παραγωγή Αριθμών σφαλμάτων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) crate is a popular way to create "
|
|
"an\n"
|
|
"error enum like we did on the previous page:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το κιβώτιο [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) είναι ένας δημοφιλής "
|
|
"τρόπος δημιουργίας\n"
|
|
"enum σφαλμάτων όπως κάναμε στην προηγούμενη σελίδα:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n"
|
|
"enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
" IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n"
|
|
" #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
|
|
" EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:39
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, and "
|
|
"optionally `Display`\n"
|
|
"(if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) and `From` (if the "
|
|
"`#[from]` attribute is added).\n"
|
|
"It also works for structs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η μακροεντολή εξαγωγής \"thiserror\" εφαρμόζει αυτόματα το \"std::error::"
|
|
"Error\" και προαιρετικά το \"Display\"\n"
|
|
"(εάν παρέχονται τα χαρακτηριστικά \"#[σφάλμα(...)]\") και \"Από\" (αν "
|
|
"προστεθεί το χαρακτηριστικό \"#[από]\".\n"
|
|
"Λειτουργεί επίσης για δομές."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:43
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Δεν επηρεάζει το δημόσιο API σας, κάτι που το κάνει καλό για βιβλιοθήκες."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Dynamic Error Types"
|
|
msgstr "# Δυναμικοί τύποι σφαλμάτων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing "
|
|
"our own enum covering\n"
|
|
"all the different possibilities. `std::error::Error` makes this easy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μερικές φορές θέλουμε να επιτρέψουμε την επιστροφή οποιουδήποτε τύπου "
|
|
"σφάλματος χωρίς να γράψουμε το δικό μας κάλυμμα enum\n"
|
|
"όλες τις διαφορετικές δυνατότητες. Το `std::error::Error` το καθιστά εύκολο."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
"use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
"#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
|
|
"struct EmptyUsernameError(String);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
" File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:36
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle different "
|
|
"error cases differently in\n"
|
|
"the program. As such it's generally not a good idea to use `Box<dyn Error>` "
|
|
"in the public API of a\n"
|
|
"library, but it can be a good option in a program where you just want to "
|
|
"display the error message\n"
|
|
"somewhere."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτό εξοικονομεί κώδικα, αλλά παραιτείται από τη δυνατότητα καθαρής "
|
|
"διαχείρισης διαφορετικών περιπτώσεων σφαλμάτων με διαφορετικό τρόπο\n"
|
|
"το πρόγραμμα. Ως εκ τούτου, γενικά δεν είναι καλή ιδέα να χρησιμοποιήσετε το "
|
|
"\"Box<dyn Error>\" στο δημόσιο API ενός\n"
|
|
"βιβλιοθήκη, αλλά μπορεί να είναι μια καλή επιλογή σε ένα πρόγραμμα όπου "
|
|
"θέλετε απλώς να εμφανίσετε το μήνυμα σφάλματος\n"
|
|
"κάπου."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Adding Context to Errors"
|
|
msgstr "# Προσθήκη περιβάλλοντος στα σφάλματα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add\n"
|
|
"contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer\n"
|
|
"custom error types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενο κιβώτιο [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) μπορεί "
|
|
"να σας βοηθήσει να προσθέσετε\n"
|
|
"πληροφορίες για τα λάθη σας και σας επιτρέπει να έχετε λιγότερα\n"
|
|
"προσαρμοσμένοι τύποι σφαλμάτων:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
" fs::File::open(path)\n"
|
|
" .with_context(|| format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n"
|
|
" .read_to_string(&mut username)\n"
|
|
" .context(\"Failed to read\")?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" bail!(\"Found no username in {path}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:35
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `anyhow::Result<V>` is a type alias for `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`.\n"
|
|
"* `anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box<dyn Error>`. As such "
|
|
"it's again generally not\n"
|
|
" a good choice for the public API of a library, but is widely used in "
|
|
"applications.\n"
|
|
"* Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if "
|
|
"necessary.\n"
|
|
"* Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result<T>` may be familiar to Go "
|
|
"developers, as it provides\n"
|
|
" similar usage patterns and ergonomics to `(T, error)` from Go."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Το `ούτως ή άλλως::Αποτέλεσμα<V>` είναι ένα ψευδώνυμο τύπου για το "
|
|
"\"Αποτέλεσμα<V, ούτως ή άλλως::Σφάλμα>\".\n"
|
|
"* Το \"anyhow::Error\" είναι ουσιαστικά ένα περιτύλιγμα γύρω από το "
|
|
"\"Box<dyn Error>\". Ως τέτοιο και πάλι γενικά δεν είναι\n"
|
|
" μια καλή επιλογή για το δημόσιο API μιας βιβλιοθήκης, αλλά χρησιμοποιείται "
|
|
"ευρέως σε εφαρμογές.\n"
|
|
"* Ο πραγματικός τύπος σφάλματος στο εσωτερικό του μπορεί να εξαχθεί για "
|
|
"εξέταση εάν είναι απαραίτητο.\n"
|
|
"* Η λειτουργικότητα που παρέχεται από το \"anyhow::Result<T>\" μπορεί να "
|
|
"είναι οικεία στους προγραμματιστές της Go, καθώς παρέχει\n"
|
|
" παρόμοια μοτίβα χρήσης και εργονομία με το «(T, error)» από το Go."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Testing"
|
|
msgstr "# Δοκιμές"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:"
|
|
msgstr "Το Rust and Cargo συνοδεύεται από ένα απλό πλαίσιο δοκιμής μονάδας:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Unit tests are supported throughout your code.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory."
|
|
msgstr "* Οι δοκιμές ενσωμάτωσης υποστηρίζονται μέσω του καταλόγου «tests/»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Unit Tests"
|
|
msgstr "# Δοκιμές μονάδων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:"
|
|
msgstr "Επισημάνετε τις δοκιμές μονάδας με «#[test]»:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n"
|
|
" match text.find(' ') {\n"
|
|
" Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n"
|
|
" None => &text,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_empty() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_single_word() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_multiple_words() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Χρησιμοποιήστε τη «δοκιμή φορτίου» για να βρείτε και να εκτελέσετε τις "
|
|
"δοκιμές μονάδας."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Test Modules"
|
|
msgstr "# Δοκιμαστικές Ενότητες"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the\n"
|
|
"[Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Οι δοκιμές μονάδας τοποθετούνται συχνά σε μια ένθετη ενότητα (εκτελέστε "
|
|
"δοκιμές στο\n"
|
|
"[Παιδική χαρά](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
" format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
"mod tests {\n"
|
|
" use super::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_helper() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:26
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* This lets you unit test private helpers.\n"
|
|
"* The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Αυτό σας επιτρέπει να δοκιμάσετε ιδιωτικούς βοηθούς μονάδας.\n"
|
|
"* Το χαρακτηριστικό «#[cfg(test)]» είναι ενεργό μόνο όταν εκτελείτε «δοκιμή "
|
|
"φορτίου»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Documentation Tests"
|
|
msgstr "# Δοκιμές τεκμηρίωσης"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:"
|
|
msgstr "Το Rust έχει ενσωματωμένη υποστήριξη για δοκιμές τεκμηρίωσης:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"/// use playground::shorten_string;\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"pub fn shorten_string(s: &str, length: usize) -> &str {\n"
|
|
" &s[..std::cmp::min(length, s.len())]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code.\n"
|
|
"* The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`.\n"
|
|
"* Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Τα μπλοκ κώδικα στα σχόλια `///` εμφανίζονται αυτόματα ως κώδικας Rust.\n"
|
|
"* Ο κώδικας θα μεταγλωττιστεί και θα εκτελεστεί ως μέρος της «δοκιμής "
|
|
"φορτίου».\n"
|
|
"* Δοκιμάστε τον παραπάνω κώδικα στο [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Integration Tests"
|
|
msgstr "# Δοκιμές ολοκλήρωσης"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν θέλετε να δοκιμάσετε τη βιβλιοθήκη σας ως πελάτη, χρησιμοποιήστε μια "
|
|
"δοκιμή ενοποίησης."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:"
|
|
msgstr "Δημιουργήστε ένα αρχείο «.rs» κάτω από το «tests/»:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"use my_library::init;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_init() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(init().is_ok());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate."
|
|
msgstr "Αυτές οι δοκιμές έχουν πρόσβαση μόνο στο δημόσιο API του κλουβιού σας."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Unsafe Rust"
|
|
msgstr "# Μη ασφαλής Σκουριά"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The Rust language has two parts:"
|
|
msgstr "Η γλώσσα Rust έχει δύο μέρη:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* **Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible.\n"
|
|
"* **Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are "
|
|
"violated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* **Safe Rust:** ασφαλής μνήμη, δεν είναι δυνατή η απροσδιόριστη "
|
|
"συμπεριφορά.\n"
|
|
"* **Μη ασφαλής σκουριά:** μπορεί να προκαλέσει απροσδιόριστη συμπεριφορά εάν "
|
|
"παραβιάζονται προϋποθέσεις."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will be seeing mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to "
|
|
"know\n"
|
|
"what Unsafe Rust is."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα δούμε κυρίως ασφαλή Rust σε αυτό το μάθημα, αλλά είναι σημαντικό να το "
|
|
"γνωρίζουμε\n"
|
|
"τι είναι το Unsafe Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be "
|
|
"carefully\n"
|
|
"documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ο μη ασφαλής κώδικας είναι συνήθως μικρός και απομονωμένος και η ορθότητά "
|
|
"του θα πρέπει να γίνεται προσεκτικά\n"
|
|
"τεκμηριωμένη. Συνήθως είναι τυλιγμένο σε ένα ασφαλές στρώμα αφαίρεσης."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:"
|
|
msgstr "Το Unsafe Rust σάς δίνει πρόσβαση σε πέντε νέες δυνατότητες:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Dereference raw pointers.\n"
|
|
"* Access or modify mutable static variables.\n"
|
|
"* Access `union` fields.\n"
|
|
"* Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions.\n"
|
|
"* Implement `unsafe` traits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Αναφορά ακατέργαστων δεικτών.\n"
|
|
"* Πρόσβαση ή τροποποίηση μεταβλητών στατικών μεταβλητών.\n"
|
|
"* Πρόσβαση στα πεδία «ένωση».\n"
|
|
"* Καλέστε «μη ασφαλείς» συναρτήσεις, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των «εξωτερικών» "
|
|
"συναρτήσεων.\n"
|
|
"* Εφαρμόστε «μη ασφαλή» χαρακτηριστικά."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please "
|
|
"see\n"
|
|
"[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-"
|
|
"unsafe-rust.html)\n"
|
|
"and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα καλύψουμε εν συντομία τις μη ασφαλείς δυνατότητες στη συνέχεια. Για "
|
|
"πλήρεις λεπτομέρειες, δείτε\n"
|
|
"[Κεφάλαιο 19.1 στο βιβλίο της σκουριάς](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/"
|
|
"ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html)\n"
|
|
"και το [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:28
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers "
|
|
"have\n"
|
|
"turned off the compiler safety features and have to write correct code by\n"
|
|
"themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety "
|
|
"rules."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Unsafe Rust δεν σημαίνει ότι ο κωδικός είναι εσφαλμένος. Σημαίνει ότι οι "
|
|
"προγραμματιστές έχουν\n"
|
|
"απενεργοποίησε τις δυνατότητες ασφαλείας του μεταγλωττιστή και πρέπει να "
|
|
"γράψει τον σωστό κώδικα από\n"
|
|
"τους εαυτούς τους. Σημαίνει ότι ο μεταγλωττιστής δεν επιβάλλει πλέον τους "
|
|
"κανόνες ασφαλείας της μνήμης του Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Dereferencing Raw Pointers"
|
|
msgstr "# Αποαναφορά ακατέργαστων δεικτών"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η δημιουργία δεικτών είναι ασφαλής, αλλά η αποσύνδεσή τους απαιτεί \"μη "
|
|
"ασφαλή\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut num = 5;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n"
|
|
" let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are "
|
|
"guaranteed to be non-null and\n"
|
|
" // properly aligned, the objects underlying the references from which "
|
|
"they were obtained are\n"
|
|
" // live throughout the whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed "
|
|
"either through the\n"
|
|
" // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r1 is: {}\", *r1);\n"
|
|
" *r1 = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r2 is: {}\", *r2);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:26
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write "
|
|
"a comment for each\n"
|
|
"`unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it satisfies the safety "
|
|
"requirements of the unsafe\n"
|
|
"operations it is doing."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Είναι καλή πρακτική (και απαιτείται από τον οδηγό στυλ Android Rust) να "
|
|
"γράψετε ένα σχόλιο για το καθένα\n"
|
|
"Μπλοκ \"μη ασφαλής\" που εξηγεί πώς ο κωδικός μέσα σε αυτό ικανοποιεί τις "
|
|
"απαιτήσεις ασφαλείας του μη ασφαλούς\n"
|
|
"λειτουργίες που κάνει."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:30
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be\n"
|
|
"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Στην περίπτωση των αποαναφορών δείκτη, αυτό σημαίνει ότι οι δείκτες πρέπει "
|
|
"να είναι\n"
|
|
"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), π.χ.:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * The pointer must be non-null.\n"
|
|
" * The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single "
|
|
"allocated object).\n"
|
|
" * The object must not have been deallocated.\n"
|
|
" * There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location.\n"
|
|
" * If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object "
|
|
"must be live and no\n"
|
|
" reference may be used to access the memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" * Ο δείκτης δεν πρέπει να είναι μηδενικός.\n"
|
|
" * Ο δείκτης πρέπει να είναι _dereferenceable_ (εντός των ορίων ενός "
|
|
"μεμονωμένου αντικειμένου).\n"
|
|
" * Το αντικείμενο δεν πρέπει να έχει εκχωρηθεί.\n"
|
|
" * Δεν πρέπει να υπάρχουν ταυτόχρονες προσβάσεις στην ίδια τοποθεσία.\n"
|
|
" * Εάν ο δείκτης λήφθηκε με τη μετάδοση μιας αναφοράς, το υποκείμενο "
|
|
"αντικείμενο πρέπει να είναι ζωντανό και όχι\n"
|
|
" μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί αναφορά για πρόσβαση στη μνήμη."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:40
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Στις περισσότερες περιπτώσεις ο δείκτης πρέπει επίσης να είναι σωστά "
|
|
"ευθυγραμμισμένος."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Mutable Static Variables"
|
|
msgstr "# Μεταβλητές στατικές μεταβλητές"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:"
|
|
msgstr "Είναι ασφαλές να διαβάσετε μια αμετάβλητη στατική μεταβλητή:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable\n"
|
|
"static variables:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ωστόσο, δεδομένου ότι μπορεί να προκύψουν αγώνες δεδομένων, δεν είναι "
|
|
"ασφαλές να διαβάζετε και να γράφετε μεταβλητά\n"
|
|
"στατικές μεταβλητές:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n"
|
|
" unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potential data race!\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" add_to_counter(42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potential data race!\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:32
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases "
|
|
"where it might make sense\n"
|
|
"in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a heap allocator or working "
|
|
"with some C APIs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η χρήση ενός μεταβλητού στατικού είναι γενικά κακή ιδέα, αλλά υπάρχουν "
|
|
"ορισμένες περιπτώσεις όπου μπορεί να έχει νόημα\n"
|
|
"σε κώδικα «no_std» χαμηλού επιπέδου, όπως η εφαρμογή ενός κατανεμητή σωρού ή "
|
|
"η εργασία με ορισμένα C API."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Unions"
|
|
msgstr "# Σωματεία"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τα συνδικάτα είναι σαν τα enums, αλλά πρέπει να παρακολουθείτε μόνοι σας το "
|
|
"ενεργό πεδίο:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
"union MyUnion {\n"
|
|
" i: u8,\n"
|
|
" b: bool,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n"
|
|
" println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Undefined behavior!\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:21
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They "
|
|
"are occasionally needed\n"
|
|
"for interacting with C library APIs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Οι ενώσεις χρειάζονται πολύ σπάνια στο Rust καθώς συνήθως μπορείτε να "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιήσετε ένα enum. Περιστασιακά χρειάζονται\n"
|
|
"για αλληλεπίδραση με API βιβλιοθήκης C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:24
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably "
|
|
"want\n"
|
|
"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn."
|
|
"transmute.html) or a safe\n"
|
|
"wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy) crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Εάν θέλετε απλώς να ερμηνεύσετε ξανά τα byte ως διαφορετικού τύπου, μάλλον "
|
|
"θέλετε\n"
|
|
"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn."
|
|
"transmute.html) ή χρηματοκιβώτιο\n"
|
|
"περιτύλιγμα όπως το κιβώτιο [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Calling Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "# Κλήση μη ασφαλών λειτουργιών"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions "
|
|
"you\n"
|
|
"must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μια συνάρτηση ή μια μέθοδος μπορεί να επισημανθεί ως «μη ασφαλής» εάν έχει "
|
|
"επιπλέον προϋποθέσεις\n"
|
|
"πρέπει να τηρεί για την αποφυγή απροσδιόριστης συμπεριφοράς:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds "
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
" // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis."
|
|
"get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis."
|
|
"get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Writing Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "# Γράψιμο μη ασφαλών λειτουργιών"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular "
|
|
"conditions to avoid undefined\n"
|
|
"behaviour."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορείτε να επισημάνετε τις δικές σας λειτουργίες ως \"μη ασφαλείς\" εάν "
|
|
"απαιτούν συγκεκριμένες συνθήκες για να αποφευχθούν απροσδιόριστες\n"
|
|
"η ΣΥΜΠΕΡΙΦΟΡΑ."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n"
|
|
"unsafe fn swap(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n"
|
|
" let temp = *a;\n"
|
|
" *a = *b;\n"
|
|
" *b = temp;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a = 42;\n"
|
|
" let mut b = 66;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because ...\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We wouldn't actually use pointers for this because it can be done safely "
|
|
"with references."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Στην πραγματικότητα δεν θα χρησιμοποιούσαμε δείκτες για αυτό, επειδή μπορεί "
|
|
"να γίνει με ασφάλεια με αναφορές."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:35
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an "
|
|
"`unsafe` block. We can\n"
|
|
"prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Try adding it and see "
|
|
"what happens."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Σημειώστε ότι ο μη ασφαλής κωδικός επιτρέπεται σε μια μη ασφαλή συνάρτηση "
|
|
"χωρίς μπλοκ \"μη ασφαλής\". Μπορούμε\n"
|
|
"απαγορεύστε αυτό με \"#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]\". Δοκιμάστε να το "
|
|
"προσθέσετε και δείτε τι θα συμβεί."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Calling External Code"
|
|
msgstr "# Κλήση εξωτερικού κωδικού"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. "
|
|
"Calling\n"
|
|
"them is thus unsafe:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Λειτουργίες από άλλες γλώσσες ενδέχεται να παραβιάζουν τις εγγυήσεις του "
|
|
"Rust. Κλήση\n"
|
|
"είναι επομένως ανασφαλείς:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\", abs(-3));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:21
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is usually only a problem for extern functions which do things with "
|
|
"pointers which might\n"
|
|
"violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C function might have "
|
|
"undefined behaviour under any\n"
|
|
"arbitrary circumstances."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτό είναι συνήθως ένα πρόβλημα μόνο για εξωτερικές συναρτήσεις που κάνουν "
|
|
"πράγματα με δείκτες που μπορεί\n"
|
|
"παραβιάζουν το μοντέλο μνήμης του Rust, αλλά γενικά οποιαδήποτε συνάρτηση C "
|
|
"μπορεί να έχει απροσδιόριστη συμπεριφορά κάτω από οποιαδήποτε\n"
|
|
"αυθαίρετες περιστάσεις."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI;\n"
|
|
"[other ABIs are available too](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/"
|
|
"external-blocks.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Implementing Unsafe Traits"
|
|
msgstr "# Εφαρμογή μη ασφαλών χαρακτηριστικών"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation "
|
|
"must guarantee\n"
|
|
"particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Όπως και με τις συναρτήσεις, μπορείτε να επισημάνετε ένα χαρακτηριστικό ως "
|
|
"\"μη ασφαλές\", εάν η υλοποίηση πρέπει να είναι εγγυημένη\n"
|
|
"συγκεκριμένες συνθήκες για την αποφυγή απροσδιόριστης συμπεριφοράς."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks\n"
|
|
"[something like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes."
|
|
"html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Για παράδειγμα, το κιβώτιο «zerocopy» έχει ένα μη ασφαλές χαρακτηριστικό που "
|
|
"φαίνεται\n"
|
|
"[κάτι σαν αυτό](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::size_of_val;\n"
|
|
"use std::slice;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// ...\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
"pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n"
|
|
" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, "
|
|
"size_of_val(self))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"///...\n"
|
|
"/// # Ασφάλεια\n"
|
|
"/// Ο τύπος πρέπει να έχει καθορισμένη αναπαράσταση και χωρίς γέμιση.\n"
|
|
"μη ασφαλές χαρακτηριστικό παμπ AsBytes {\n"
|
|
" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n"
|
|
" μη ασφαλές {\n"
|
|
" slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, "
|
|
"size_of_val(self))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:30
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining "
|
|
"the requirements for\n"
|
|
"the trait to be safely implemented."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα πρέπει να υπάρχει μια ενότητα «# Ασφάλεια» στο Rustdoc για το "
|
|
"χαρακτηριστικό που εξηγεί τις απαιτήσεις για\n"
|
|
"το χαρακτηριστικό που πρέπει να εφαρμοστεί με ασφάλεια."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more "
|
|
"complicated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η πραγματική ενότητα ασφάλειας για τα \"AsBytes\" είναι μάλλον μεγαλύτερη "
|
|
"και πιο περίπλοκη."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:35
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τα ενσωματωμένα χαρακτηριστικά «Αποστολή» και «Συγχρονισμός» δεν είναι "
|
|
"ασφαλή."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Day 3: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Ημέρα 3: Απογευματινές Ασκήσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ας δημιουργήσουμε ένα ασφαλές περιτύλιγμα για την ανάγνωση περιεχομένου "
|
|
"καταλόγου!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution] provided."
|
|
msgstr "Αφού δείτε την άσκηση, μπορείτε να δείτε τη [λύση] που παρέχεται."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Safe FFI Wrapper"
|
|
msgstr "# Ασφαλές περιτύλιγμα FFI"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function\n"
|
|
"interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc`\n"
|
|
"functions you would use from C to read the filenames of a directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust έχει μεγάλη υποστήριξη για την κλήση συναρτήσεων μέσω μιας "
|
|
"συνάρτησης _foreign\n"
|
|
"διεπαφή_ (FFI). Θα το χρησιμοποιήσουμε για να δημιουργήσουμε ένα ασφαλές "
|
|
"περιτύλιγμα για το `libc`\n"
|
|
"συναρτήσεις που θα χρησιμοποιούσατε από το C για να διαβάσετε τα ονόματα "
|
|
"αρχείων ενός καταλόγου."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:"
|
|
msgstr "Θα θελήσετε να συμβουλευτείτε τις σελίδες του εγχειριδίου:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)\n"
|
|
"* [`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)\n"
|
|
"* [`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* [`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)\n"
|
|
"* [`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)\n"
|
|
"* [`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`] module, particular for "
|
|
"[`CStr`]\n"
|
|
"and [`CString`] types which are used to hold NUL-terminated strings coming "
|
|
"from\n"
|
|
"C. The [Nomicon] also has a very useful chapter about FFI."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα θέλετε επίσης να περιηγηθείτε στη λειτουργική μονάδα [`std::ffi`], ειδικά "
|
|
"για το [`CStr`]\n"
|
|
"και τύπους [`CString`] που χρησιμοποιούνται για τη διατήρηση συμβολοσειρών "
|
|
"με τερματισμό NUL που προέρχονται από\n"
|
|
"Γ. Το [Nomicon] έχει επίσης ένα πολύ χρήσιμο κεφάλαιο για το FFI."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the "
|
|
"missing\n"
|
|
"functions and methods:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/> και "
|
|
"συμπληρώστε τον κωδικό που λείπει\n"
|
|
"λειτουργίες και μέθοδοι:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod ffi {\n"
|
|
" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct DIR {\n"
|
|
" _data: [u8; 0],\n"
|
|
" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::"
|
|
"PhantomPinned)>,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Layout as per readdir(3) and definitions in /usr/include/x86_64-linux-"
|
|
"gnu.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
" pub d_ino: c_long,\n"
|
|
" pub d_off: c_ulong,\n"
|
|
" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
|
|
" pub d_type: c_char,\n"
|
|
" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
|
|
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
|
|
"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" path: CString,\n"
|
|
" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
" // Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
|
|
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Welcome to Day 4"
|
|
msgstr "# Καλώς ήρθατε στην Ημέρα 4"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This morning, we will focus on Concurrency: threads, channels, shared state, "
|
|
"`Send` and `Sync`.\n"
|
|
"In the afternoon, we will have a chance to see Rust in action."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a good time to give an outline of what you will cover in the "
|
|
"afternoon\n"
|
|
"section, as announced in the course offering."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Fearless Concurrency"
|
|
msgstr "# Ατρόμητος Συγχρονισμός"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and\n"
|
|
"channels."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust έχει πλήρη υποστήριξη για ταυτόχρονη χρήση νημάτων λειτουργικού "
|
|
"συστήματος με mutexes και\n"
|
|
"καναλιών."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency "
|
|
"bugs\n"
|
|
"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since "
|
|
"you\n"
|
|
"can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το σύστημα τύπου Rust παίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στη δημιουργία πολλών σφαλμάτων "
|
|
"συγχρονισμού\n"
|
|
"μεταγλώττιση χρονικών σφαλμάτων. Αυτό αναφέρεται συχνά ως _ατρόμητος "
|
|
"συγχρονισμός_ αφού εσείς\n"
|
|
"μπορεί να βασιστεί στον μεταγλωττιστή για να διασφαλίσει την ορθότητα κατά "
|
|
"το χρόνο εκτέλεσης."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Threads"
|
|
msgstr "# Νήματα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:"
|
|
msgstr "Τα νήματα σκουριάς λειτουργούν παρόμοια με τα νήματα σε άλλες γλώσσες:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:24
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them.\n"
|
|
"* Thread panics are independent of each other.\n"
|
|
" * Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Τα νήματα είναι όλα νήματα δαίμονα, το κύριο νήμα δεν τα περιμένει.\n"
|
|
"* Οι πανικοί των νημάτων είναι ανεξάρτητοι ο ένας από τον άλλο.\n"
|
|
" * Οι πανικοί μπορούν να μεταφέρουν ένα ωφέλιμο φορτίο, το οποίο μπορεί να "
|
|
"αποσυμπιεστεί με το «downcast_ref»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread "
|
|
"is\n"
|
|
" not waiting.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait "
|
|
"for\n"
|
|
" the thread to finish.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the "
|
|
"panic\n"
|
|
" payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`]."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Scoped Threads"
|
|
msgstr "# Νήματα με εμβέλεια"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:"
|
|
msgstr "Τα κανονικά νήματα δεν μπορούν να δανειστούν από το περιβάλλον τους:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:17
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "However, you can use a [scoped thread][1] for this:"
|
|
msgstr "Ωστόσο, μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε ένα [νήμα εμβέλειας][1] για αυτό:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::scope(|scope| {\n"
|
|
" scope.spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, "
|
|
"all the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed "
|
|
"data.\n"
|
|
"* Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one "
|
|
"thread, or immutably by any number of threads.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Ο λόγος για αυτό είναι ότι όταν ολοκληρωθεί η συνάρτηση `thread::scope`, "
|
|
"όλα τα νήματα είναι εγγυημένα ότι θα ενωθούν, ώστε να μπορούν να επιστρέψουν "
|
|
"τα δεδομένα που έχουν δανειστεί.\n"
|
|
"* Ισχύουν οι κανονικοί κανόνες δανεισμού Rust: μπορείτε είτε να δανειστείτε "
|
|
"μεταλλάξιμα με ένα νήμα ή αμετάβλητα με οποιονδήποτε αριθμό νημάτων.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Channels"
|
|
msgstr "# Κανάλια"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender<T>` and a `Receiver<T>`. The two "
|
|
"parts\n"
|
|
"are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τα κανάλια Rust έχουν δύο μέρη: ένα \"Αποστολέας<T>\" και ένα \"Δέκτης<T>\". "
|
|
"Τα δύο μέρη\n"
|
|
"συνδέονται μέσω του καναλιού, αλλά βλέπετε μόνο τα τελικά σημεία."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" tx.send(10).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" tx.send(20).unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let tx2 = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
" tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and "
|
|
"`SyncSender` implement `Clone` (so\n"
|
|
" you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does not.\n"
|
|
"* `send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the "
|
|
"counterpart `Sender` or\n"
|
|
" `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Το «mpsc» σημαίνει Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. Το \"Sender\" και το "
|
|
"\"SyncSender\" υλοποιούν το \"Clone\" (έτσι\n"
|
|
" μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε πολλούς παραγωγούς) αλλά ο «Δέκτης» όχι.\n"
|
|
"* Το \"send()\" και το \"recv()\" επιστρέφουν \"Αποτέλεσμα\". Εάν "
|
|
"επιστρέψουν \"Err\", σημαίνει το αντίστοιχο \"Αποστολέας\" ή\n"
|
|
" Ο \"δέκτης\" πέφτει και το κανάλι είναι κλειστό."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Unbounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "# Κανάλια χωρίς περιορισμούς"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:"
|
|
msgstr "Λαμβάνετε ένα απεριόριστο και ασύγχρονο κανάλι με `mpsc::channel()`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main: got {}\", msg);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Bounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "# Οριοθετημένα κανάλια"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Bounded and synchronous channels make `send` block the current thread:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τα περιορισμένα και τα σύγχρονα κανάλια κάνουν το \"send\" να μπλοκάρει το "
|
|
"τρέχον νήμα:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Shared State"
|
|
msgstr "# Κοινό κράτος"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This "
|
|
"is\n"
|
|
"primarily done via two types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust χρησιμοποιεί το σύστημα τύπων για να επιβάλει το συγχρονισμό των "
|
|
"κοινόχρηστων δεδομένων. Αυτό είναι\n"
|
|
"γίνεται κυρίως μέσω δύο τύπων:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [`Arc<T>`][1], atomic reference counted `T`: handles sharing between "
|
|
"threads and\n"
|
|
" takes care to deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped,\n"
|
|
"* [`Mutex<T>`][2]: ensures mutually exclusive access to the `T` value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* [`Arc<T>`][1], η ατομική αναφορά μετράται ως \"T\": χειρίζεται την κοινή "
|
|
"χρήση μεταξύ νημάτων και\n"
|
|
" φροντίζει να κατανείμει το \"T\" όταν απορριφθεί η τελευταία αναφορά,\n"
|
|
"* [`Mutex<T>`][2]: εξασφαλίζει αμοιβαία αποκλειστική πρόσβαση στην τιμή "
|
|
"\"T\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `Arc`"
|
|
msgstr "# «Τόξο»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[`Arc<T>`][1] allows shared read-only access via its `clone` method:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το [`Arc<T>`][1] επιτρέπει την κοινόχρηστη πρόσβαση μόνο για ανάγνωση μέσω "
|
|
"της μεθόδου \"clone\" του:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" for _ in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
" let v = v.clone();\n"
|
|
" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
" }));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of "
|
|
"`Rc` that uses atomic\n"
|
|
" operations.\n"
|
|
"* `Arc<T>` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` "
|
|
"and `Sync` iff `T`\n"
|
|
" implements them both.\n"
|
|
"* `Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but "
|
|
"after that the use of the\n"
|
|
" `T` is free.\n"
|
|
"* Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to "
|
|
"detect them.\n"
|
|
" * `std::sync::Weak` can help."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Το \"Arc\" σημαίνει \"Atomic Reference Counted\", μια ασφαλής έκδοση "
|
|
"νημάτων του \"Rc\" που χρησιμοποιεί ατομική\n"
|
|
" επιχειρήσεις.\n"
|
|
"* Το \"Arc<T>\" υλοποιεί το \"Clone\" είτε το κάνει το \"T\" είτε όχι. "
|
|
"Εφαρμόζει «Αποστολή» και «Συγχρονισμός» αν «T».\n"
|
|
" τα εφαρμόζει και τα δύο.\n"
|
|
"* Το \"Arc::clone()\" έχει το κόστος των ατομικών λειτουργιών που "
|
|
"εκτελούνται, αλλά μετά από αυτό η χρήση του\n"
|
|
" Το \"T\" είναι δωρεάν.\n"
|
|
"* Προσοχή στους κύκλους αναφοράς, το «Arc» δεν χρησιμοποιεί συλλέκτη "
|
|
"σκουπιδιών για να τους εντοπίσει.\n"
|
|
" * Το `std::sync::Weak` μπορεί να βοηθήσει."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `Mutex`"
|
|
msgstr "# «Mutex»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`][1] ensures mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T`\n"
|
|
"behind a read-only interface:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`][1] διασφαλίζει την αμοιβαία εξαίρεση _και_ επιτρέπει τη "
|
|
"μεταβλητή πρόσβαση στο \"T\"\n"
|
|
"πίσω από μια διεπαφή μόνο για ανάγνωση:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::Mutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" guard.push(40);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice how we have a [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`][2] blanket\n"
|
|
"implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Παρατηρήστε πώς έχουμε μια κουβέρτα [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`][2]\n"
|
|
"εκτέλεση."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element - the "
|
|
"protected data.\n"
|
|
" * It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the "
|
|
"protected data.\n"
|
|
"* You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex<T>` by taking the lock. The "
|
|
"`MutexGuard` ensures that the\n"
|
|
" `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held.\n"
|
|
"* `Mutex<T>` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff `T` implements `Send`.\n"
|
|
"* A read-write lock counterpart - `RwLock`.\n"
|
|
"* Why does `lock()` return a `Result`? \n"
|
|
" * If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes "
|
|
"\"poisoned\" to signal that\n"
|
|
" the data it protected might be in an inconsistent state. Calling "
|
|
"`lock()` on a poisoned mutex\n"
|
|
" fails with a [`PoisonError`]. You can call `into_inner()` on the error "
|
|
"to recover the data\n"
|
|
" regardless."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Το \"Mutex\" στο Rust μοιάζει με μια συλλογή με ένα μόνο στοιχείο - τα "
|
|
"προστατευμένα δεδομένα.\n"
|
|
" * Δεν είναι δυνατό να ξεχάσετε να αποκτήσετε το mutex πριν αποκτήσετε "
|
|
"πρόσβαση στα προστατευμένα δεδομένα.\n"
|
|
"* Μπορείτε να πάρετε ένα «&mut T» από ένα «&Mutex<T>» παίρνοντας την "
|
|
"κλειδαριά. Το «MutexGuard» διασφαλίζει ότι το\n"
|
|
" Το \"&mut T\" δεν ξεπερνά την κλειδαριά που κρατιέται.\n"
|
|
"* Το \"Mutex<T>\" υλοποιεί και το \"Send\" και το \"Sync\" εάν το \"T\" "
|
|
"υλοποιεί το \"Send\".\n"
|
|
"* Ένα αντίστοιχο κλείδωμα ανάγνωσης-εγγραφής - «RwLock».\n"
|
|
"* Γιατί το «lock()» επιστρέφει ένα «Αποτέλεσμα»;\n"
|
|
" * Εάν το νήμα που συγκρατούσε το \"Mutex\" πανικοβλήθηκε, το \"Mutex\" "
|
|
"γίνεται \"δηλητηριασμένο\" για να σηματοδοτήσει ότι\n"
|
|
" τα δεδομένα που προστατεύει ενδέχεται να είναι σε ασυνεπή κατάσταση. "
|
|
"Κλήση «lock()» σε ένα δηλητηριασμένο mutex\n"
|
|
" αποτυγχάνει με ένα [`PoisonError`]. Μπορείτε να καλέσετε το "
|
|
"«into_inner()» στο σφάλμα για να ανακτήσετε τα δεδομένα\n"
|
|
" Ανεξάρτητα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:"
|
|
msgstr "Ας δούμε τα \"Arc\" και \"Mutex\" σε δράση:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" v.push(10);\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" v.push(1000);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handle.join().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23
|
|
msgid "Possible solution:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let v2 = v.clone();\n"
|
|
" let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" v2.push(10);\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" v.push(1000);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handle.join().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:49
|
|
msgid "Notable parts:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:51
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are "
|
|
"orthogonal.\n"
|
|
" * Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable "
|
|
"state between threads.\n"
|
|
"* `v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another "
|
|
"thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature.\n"
|
|
"* Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as "
|
|
"possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Το \"v\" είναι τυλιγμένο και σε \"Arc\" και \"Mutex\", επειδή οι ανησυχίες "
|
|
"τους είναι ορθογώνιες.\n"
|
|
" * Το τύλιγμα ενός \"Mutex\" σε ένα \"Arc\" είναι ένα συνηθισμένο μοτίβο "
|
|
"για κοινή χρήση μεταβλητής κατάστασης μεταξύ των νημάτων.\n"
|
|
"* Το `v: Το Arc<_>` πρέπει να κλωνοποιηθεί ως `v2` για να μπορέσει να "
|
|
"μετακινηθεί σε άλλο νήμα. Η σημείωση \"move\" προστέθηκε στην υπογραφή "
|
|
"λάμδα.\n"
|
|
"* Τα μπλοκ εισάγονται για να περιορίσουν όσο το δυνατόν περισσότερο το πεδίο "
|
|
"εφαρμογής του \"LockGuard\".\n"
|
|
"* Πρέπει ακόμα να αποκτήσουμε το «Mutex» για να εκτυπώσουμε το «Vec» μας."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `Send` and `Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "# «Αποστολή» και «Συγχρονισμός»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"How does Rust know to forbid shared access across thread? The answer is in "
|
|
"two traits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Πώς γνωρίζει η Rust ότι απαγορεύει την κοινόχρηστη πρόσβαση σε όλα τα "
|
|
"νήματα; Η απάντηση είναι σε δύο χαρακτηριστικά:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [`Send`][1]: a type `T` is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a "
|
|
"thread\n"
|
|
" boundary.\n"
|
|
"* [`Sync`][2]: a type `T` is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a "
|
|
"thread\n"
|
|
" boundary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* [\"Αποστολή\"][1]: ένας τύπος \"T\" είναι \"Αποστολή\" εάν είναι ασφαλές "
|
|
"να μετακινήσετε ένα \"T\" σε ένα νήμα\n"
|
|
" Όριο.\n"
|
|
"* [\"Συγχρονισμός\"][2]: ένας τύπος \"T\" είναι \"Συγχρονισμός\" εάν είναι "
|
|
"ασφαλές να μετακινήσετε ένα \"&T\" σε ένα νήμα\n"
|
|
" Όριο."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits][3]. The compiler will automatically "
|
|
"derive them for your types\n"
|
|
"as long as they only contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement "
|
|
"them manually when you\n"
|
|
"know it is valid."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η \"Αποστολή\" και η \"Συγχρονισμός\" είναι [μη ασφαλή χαρακτηριστικά][3]. Ο "
|
|
"μεταγλωττιστής θα τα παράγει αυτόματα για τους τύπους σας\n"
|
|
"εφόσον περιέχουν μόνο τύπους «Αποστολή» και «Συγχρονισμός». Μπορείτε επίσης "
|
|
"να τα εφαρμόσετε χειροκίνητα όταν το κάνετε\n"
|
|
"να ξέρεις ότι ισχύει."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-"
|
|
"safety properties.\n"
|
|
"* They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Κάποιος μπορεί να σκεφτεί αυτά τα χαρακτηριστικά ως δείκτες ότι ο τύπος "
|
|
"έχει ορισμένες ιδιότητες ασφαλείας νήματος.\n"
|
|
"* Μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν στους γενικούς περιορισμούς ως φυσιολογικά "
|
|
"χαρακτηριστικά.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `Send`"
|
|
msgstr "# «Αποστολή»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> A type `T` is [`Send`][1] if it is safe to move a `T` value to another "
|
|
"thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> Ένας τύπος `T` είναι [`Αποστολή`][1] εάν είναι ασφαλές να μετακινήσετε μια "
|
|
"τιμή `T` σε άλλο νήμα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will "
|
|
"run\n"
|
|
"in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one "
|
|
"thread\n"
|
|
"and deallocate it in another."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το αποτέλεσμα της μετακίνησης ιδιοκτησίας σε άλλο νήμα είναι ότι οι "
|
|
"_destructors_ θα εκτελεστούν\n"
|
|
"σε αυτό το νήμα. Το ερώτημα λοιπόν είναι πότε μπορείτε να εκχωρήσετε μια "
|
|
"τιμή σε ένα νήμα\n"
|
|
"και να το διαθέσει σε άλλο."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "# `Συγχρονισμός`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> A type `T` is [`Sync`][1] if it is safe to access a `T` value from "
|
|
"multiple\n"
|
|
"> threads at the same time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> Ένας τύπος `T` είναι [`Συγχρονισμός`][1] εάν είναι ασφαλής η πρόσβαση σε "
|
|
"μια τιμή `T` από πολλαπλές\n"
|
|
"> νήματα ταυτόχρονα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "More precisely, the definition is:"
|
|
msgstr "Πιο συγκεκριμένα, ο ορισμός είναι:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "> `T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> Το \"T\" είναι \"Συγχρονισμός\" εάν και μόνο εάν το \"&T\" είναι "
|
|
"\"Αποστολή\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is "
|
|
"thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it "
|
|
"across threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτή η δήλωση είναι ουσιαστικά ένας συνοπτικός τρόπος για να πούμε ότι εάν "
|
|
"ένας τύπος είναι ασφαλής ως προς το νήμα για κοινόχρηστη χρήση, είναι επίσης "
|
|
"ασφαλές για το νήμα να μεταβιβάζονται οι αναφορές του στα νήματα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across "
|
|
"multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization "
|
|
"issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type "
|
|
"is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references can "
|
|
"be accessed from any thread safely."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτό συμβαίνει επειδή εάν ένας τύπος είναι Sync σημαίνει ότι μπορεί να "
|
|
"κοινοποιηθεί σε πολλά νήματα χωρίς τον κίνδυνο φυλών δεδομένων ή άλλων "
|
|
"προβλημάτων συγχρονισμού, επομένως είναι ασφαλές να τον μετακινήσετε σε άλλο "
|
|
"νήμα. Μια αναφορά στον τύπο είναι επίσης ασφαλής να μετακινηθεί σε άλλο "
|
|
"νήμα, επειδή τα δεδομένα που παραπέμπει είναι προσβάσιμα από οποιοδήποτε "
|
|
"νήμα με ασφάλεια."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Examples"
|
|
msgstr "# Παραδείγματα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## `Send + Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "## «Αποστολή + Συγχρονισμός»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:"
|
|
msgstr "Οι περισσότεροι τύποι που συναντάτε είναι «Αποστολή + Συγχρονισμός»:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ...\n"
|
|
"* `(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ...\n"
|
|
"* `String`, `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `Box<T>`, ...\n"
|
|
"* `Arc<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count.\n"
|
|
"* `Mutex<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking.\n"
|
|
"* `AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are\n"
|
|
"`Send + Sync`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Οι γενικοί τύποι είναι συνήθως «Αποστολή + Συγχρονισμός» όταν οι παράμετροι "
|
|
"τύπου είναι\n"
|
|
"«Αποστολή + Συγχρονισμός»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## `Send + !Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "## `Αποστολή + !Συγχρονισμός`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe.\n"
|
|
"Typically because of interior mutability:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτοί οι τύποι μπορούν να μετακινηθούν σε άλλα νήματα, αλλά δεν είναι "
|
|
"ασφαλείς για νήματα.\n"
|
|
"Τυπικά λόγω της εσωτερικής μεταβλητότητας:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `mpsc::Sender<T>`\n"
|
|
"* `mpsc::Receiver<T>`\n"
|
|
"* `Cell<T>`\n"
|
|
"* `RefCell<T>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `mpsc::Αποστολέας<T>`\n"
|
|
"* `mpsc::Δέκτης<T>`\n"
|
|
"* `Κελλί<T>`\n"
|
|
"* `RefCell<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## `!Send + Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "## `!Αποστολή + Συγχρονισμός`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτοί οι τύποι είναι ασφαλείς για νήμα, αλλά δεν μπορούν να μετακινηθούν σε "
|
|
"άλλο νήμα:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `MutexGuard<T>`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" thread which created them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `MutexGuard<T>`: Χρησιμοποιεί πρωτόγονα επιπέδου λειτουργικού συστήματος "
|
|
"που πρέπει να κατανεμηθούν στο\n"
|
|
" νήμα που τα δημιούργησε."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## `!Send + !Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "## `!Αποστολή + !Συγχρονισμός`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Αυτοί οι τύποι δεν είναι ασφαλείς για νήμα και δεν μπορούν να μετακινηθούν "
|
|
"σε άλλα νήματα:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Rc<T>`: each `Rc<T>` has a reference to an `RcBox<T>`, which contains a\n"
|
|
" non-atomic reference count.\n"
|
|
"* `*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special\n"
|
|
" concurrency considerations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `Rc<T>`: κάθε «Rc<T>» έχει μια αναφορά σε ένα «RcBox<T>», το οποίο "
|
|
"περιέχει ένα\n"
|
|
" μη ατομική μέτρηση αναφοράς.\n"
|
|
"* `*const T`, `*mut T`: Το Rust υποθέτει ότι οι ακατέργαστοι δείκτες μπορεί "
|
|
"να έχουν ειδικούς\n"
|
|
" ζητήματα ταυτόχρονης ύπαρξης."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:1 src/exercises/day-4/android.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Ασκήσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with"
|
|
msgstr "Ας εξασκήσουμε τις νέες μας δεξιότητες συγχρονισμού με"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/morning.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to\n"
|
|
" download dependencies and then check links in parallel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Έλεγχος συνδέσμων πολλαπλών νημάτων: ένα μεγαλύτερο έργο στο οποίο θα "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιήσετε το Cargo\n"
|
|
" κατεβάστε τις εξαρτήσεις και, στη συνέχεια, ελέγξτε τους συνδέσμους "
|
|
"παράλληλα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Dining Philosophers"
|
|
msgstr "# Δείπνο Φιλόσοφοι"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το πρόβλημα των φιλοσόφων τραπεζαρίας είναι ένα κλασικό πρόβλημα ταυτόχρονα:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has "
|
|
"their\n"
|
|
"> own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish "
|
|
"served is\n"
|
|
"> a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each philosopher "
|
|
"can\n"
|
|
"> only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can only eat "
|
|
"their\n"
|
|
"> spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two forks will "
|
|
"only\n"
|
|
"> be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, not eating. "
|
|
"After\n"
|
|
"> an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put down both forks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> Πέντε φιλόσοφοι δειπνούν μαζί στο ίδιο τραπέζι. Κάθε φιλόσοφος έχει το "
|
|
"δικό του\n"
|
|
"> δική σου θέση στο τραπέζι. Ανάμεσα σε κάθε πιάτο υπάρχει ένα πιρούνι. Το "
|
|
"πιάτο που σερβίρεται είναι\n"
|
|
"> ένα είδος σπαγγέτι που τρώγεται με δύο πιρούνια. Κάθε φιλόσοφος μπορεί\n"
|
|
"> μόνο εναλλάξ σκεφτείτε και τρώτε. Επιπλέον, ένας φιλόσοφος μπορεί να φάει "
|
|
"μόνο τους\n"
|
|
"> μακαρόνια όταν έχουν και αριστερό και δεξί πιρούνι. Έτσι θα μόνο δύο "
|
|
"πιρούνια\n"
|
|
"> να είναι διαθέσιμοι όταν οι δύο κοντινότεροι γείτονές τους σκέφτονται και "
|
|
"δεν τρώνε. Μετά\n"
|
|
"> ένας μεμονωμένος φιλόσοφος τελειώνει το φαγητό, θα βάλει κάτω και τα δύο "
|
|
"πιρούνια."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) "
|
|
"for\n"
|
|
"this exercise. Copy the code below to `src/main.rs` file, fill out the "
|
|
"blanks,\n"
|
|
"and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα χρειαστείτε μια τοπική [Εγκατάσταση φορτίου](../../cargo/running-locally."
|
|
"md) για\n"
|
|
"αυτή η άσκηση. Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο αρχείο `src/main.rs, "
|
|
"συμπληρώστε τα κενά,\n"
|
|
"και ελέγξτε ότι το «cargo run» δεν είναι αδιέξοδο:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/dining-philosophers.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Fork;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" // left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // thoughts: ...\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
" self.thoughts\n"
|
|
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
" // Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // Create forks\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Create philosophers\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Make them think and eat\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Output their thoughts\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Multi-threaded Link Checker"
|
|
msgstr "# Έλεγχος συνδέσμων πολλαπλών νημάτων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It "
|
|
"should\n"
|
|
"start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It should\n"
|
|
"recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this until "
|
|
"all\n"
|
|
"pages have been validated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ας χρησιμοποιήσουμε τις νέες γνώσεις μας για να δημιουργήσουμε έναν έλεγχο "
|
|
"συνδέσμων πολλαπλών νημάτων. Θα έπρεπε\n"
|
|
"ξεκινήστε από μια ιστοσελίδα και ελέγξτε ότι οι σύνδεσμοι στη σελίδα είναι "
|
|
"έγκυροι. Θα έπρεπε\n"
|
|
"ελέγξτε αναδρομικά άλλες σελίδες στον ίδιο τομέα και συνεχίστε να το κάνετε "
|
|
"αυτό μέχρι να τελειώσει\n"
|
|
"οι σελίδες έχουν επικυρωθεί."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`][1]. Create a new\n"
|
|
"Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Για αυτό, θα χρειαστείτε ένα πρόγραμμα-πελάτη HTTP όπως το [`reqwest`][1]. "
|
|
"Δημιούργησε ένα νέο\n"
|
|
"Έργο φορτίου και το «ζήτησε» ως εξάρτηση με:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo new link-checker\n"
|
|
"$ cd link-checker\n"
|
|
"$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:17
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
"> `Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> Εάν η «προσθήκη φορτίου» αποτύχει με «σφάλμα: δεν υπάρχει τέτοια "
|
|
"υποεντολή», τότε επεξεργαστείτε το\n"
|
|
"> Αρχείο «Cargo.toml» με το χέρι. Προσθέστε τις εξαρτήσεις που αναφέρονται "
|
|
"παρακάτω."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`][2] for that:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα χρειαστείτε επίσης έναν τρόπο να βρείτε συνδέσμους. Μπορούμε να "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιήσουμε το [`scraper`][2] για αυτό:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo add scraper\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:26
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`][3] "
|
|
"for\n"
|
|
"that:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τέλος, θα χρειαστούμε κάποιο τρόπο χειρισμού των σφαλμάτων. Χρησιμοποιούμε "
|
|
"[`αυτό το σφάλμα`][3] για\n"
|
|
"ότι:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo add thiserror\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Οι κλήσεις \"cargo add\" θα ενημερώσουν το αρχείο \"Cargo.toml\" ώστε να "
|
|
"έχει την εξής μορφή:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-"
|
|
"tls\"] }\n"
|
|
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
|
|
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:42
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as\n"
|
|
"`https://www.google.org/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τώρα μπορείτε να κάνετε λήψη της αρχικής σελίδας. Δοκιμάστε με ένα μικρό "
|
|
"site όπως π.χ\n"
|
|
"`https://www.google.org/`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:45
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:"
|
|
msgstr "Το αρχείο `src/main.rs` θα πρέπει να μοιάζει κάπως έτσι:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use reqwest::blocking::{get, Response};\n"
|
|
"use reqwest::Url;\n"
|
|
"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
|
|
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum Error {\n"
|
|
" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn extract_links(response: Response) -> Result<Vec<Url>, Error> {\n"
|
|
" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
|
|
" let document = response.text()?;\n"
|
|
" let html = Html::parse_document(&document);\n"
|
|
" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut valid_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" for element in html.select(&selector) {\n"
|
|
" if let Some(href) = element.value().attr(\"href\") {\n"
|
|
" match base_url.join(href) {\n"
|
|
" Ok(url) => valid_urls.push(url),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"On {base_url}: could not parse {href:?}: "
|
|
"{err} (ignored)\",);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Ok(valid_urls)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let response = get(start_url).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" match extract_links(response) {\n"
|
|
" Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:90
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with"
|
|
msgstr "Εκτελέστε τον κώδικα στο `src/main.rs` με"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:92
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo run\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:96
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Tasks"
|
|
msgstr "## Καθήκοντα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/link-checker.md:98
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel.\n"
|
|
"* Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the\n"
|
|
" `www.google.org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that "
|
|
"you\n"
|
|
" don't end up being blocked by the site."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Χρησιμοποιήστε νήματα για να ελέγξετε τους συνδέσμους παράλληλα: στείλτε "
|
|
"τις διευθύνσεις URL που θα ελεγχθούν στο a\n"
|
|
" κανάλι και αφήστε μερικά νήματα να ελέγξουν τις διευθύνσεις URL "
|
|
"παράλληλα.\n"
|
|
"* Επεκτείνετε αυτό για να εξαγάγετε αναδρομικά συνδέσμους από όλες τις "
|
|
"σελίδες του\n"
|
|
" τομέας `www.google.org`. Βάλτε ένα ανώτατο όριο 100 σελίδων περίπου έτσι "
|
|
"ώστε να\n"
|
|
" μην καταλήξετε να αποκλειστείτε από τον ιστότοπο."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:1 src/bare-metal/android.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Android"
|
|
msgstr "# Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is supported for native platform development on Android. This means "
|
|
"that\n"
|
|
"you can write new operating system services in Rust, as well as extending\n"
|
|
"existing services."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust υποστηρίζεται για ανάπτυξη εγγενούς πλατφόρμας στο Android. Αυτό "
|
|
"σημαίνει ότι\n"
|
|
"μπορείτε να γράψετε νέες υπηρεσίες λειτουργικού συστήματος στο Rust, καθώς "
|
|
"και να επεκτείνετε\n"
|
|
"υπάρχουσες υπηρεσίες."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try "
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
"> find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of "
|
|
"code to\n"
|
|
"> Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something "
|
|
"that\n"
|
|
"> parses some raw bytes would be ideal."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> Θα προσπαθήσουμε να καλέσουμε τον Rust από ένα από τα δικά σας έργα "
|
|
"σήμερα. Προσπάθησε λοιπόν\n"
|
|
"> βρείτε μια μικρή γωνία της βάσης του κώδικα όπου μπορούμε να μετακινήσουμε "
|
|
"ορισμένες γραμμές κώδικα\n"
|
|
"> Σκουριά. Όσο λιγότερες εξαρτήσεις και «εξωτικοί» τύποι τόσο το καλύτερο. "
|
|
"Κάτι που\n"
|
|
"> η ανάλυση ορισμένων ακατέργαστων byte θα ήταν ιδανική."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Setup"
|
|
msgstr "# Ρύθμιση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will be using an Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make sure you "
|
|
"have\n"
|
|
"access to one or create a new one with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα χρησιμοποιήσουμε μια εικονική συσκευή Android για να δοκιμάσουμε τον "
|
|
"κώδικά μας. Βεβαιωθείτε ότι έχετε\n"
|
|
"πρόσβαση σε ένα ή δημιουργήστε ένα νέο με:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ source build/envsetup.sh\n"
|
|
"$ lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n"
|
|
"$ acloud create\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please see the [Android Developer\n"
|
|
"Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/start) for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ανατρέξτε στο [Android Developer\n"
|
|
"Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/start) για λεπτομέρειες."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Build Rules"
|
|
msgstr "# Δημιουργία κανόνων"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το σύστημα κατασκευής Android (Soong) υποστηρίζει το Rust μέσω μιας σειράς "
|
|
"λειτουργικών μονάδων:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"| Module Type | "
|
|
"Description "
|
|
"|\n"
|
|
"|-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n"
|
|
"| `rust_binary` | Produces a Rust "
|
|
"binary. "
|
|
"|\n"
|
|
"| `rust_library` | Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and "
|
|
"`dylib` variants. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_ffi` | Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and "
|
|
"provides both static and shared variants. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_proc_macro` | Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are "
|
|
"analogous to compiler plugins. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_test` | Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard "
|
|
"Rust test harness. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_fuzz` | Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging "
|
|
"`libfuzzer`. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_protobuf` | Generates source and produces a Rust library that "
|
|
"provides an interface for a particular protobuf. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_bindgen` | Generates source and produces a Rust library "
|
|
"containing Rust bindings to C libraries. |"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"| Τύπος ενότητας | Περιγραφή |\n"
|
|
"|------------------------------------------------- "
|
|
"-------------------------------------------------- ---------------------|\n"
|
|
"| `rust_binary` | Παράγει ένα Rust δυαδικό. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_library` | Παράγει μια βιβλιοθήκη Rust και παρέχει παραλλαγές «rlib» "
|
|
"και «dylib». |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_ffi` | Παράγει μια βιβλιοθήκη Rust C που μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί "
|
|
"από μονάδες «cc» και παρέχει τόσο στατικές όσο και κοινόχρηστες παραλλαγές. "
|
|
"|\n"
|
|
"| `rust_proc_macro` | Παράγει μια «proc-macro» βιβλιοθήκη Rust. Αυτά είναι "
|
|
"ανάλογα με τα πρόσθετα μεταγλωττιστή. |\n"
|
|
"| «δοκιμή_σκουριάς» | Παράγει ένα δυαδικό σύστημα δοκιμής Rust που "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιεί την τυπική ζώνη δοκιμής Rust. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_fuzz` | Παράγει ένα Rust fuzz δυαδικό μόχλευσης «libfuzzer». |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_protobuf` | Δημιουργεί πηγή και παράγει μια βιβλιοθήκη Rust που "
|
|
"παρέχει μια διεπαφή για ένα συγκεκριμένο protobuf. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_bindgen` | Δημιουργεί πηγή και παράγει μια βιβλιοθήκη Rust που "
|
|
"περιέχει δεσμεύσεις Rust σε βιβλιοθήκες C. |"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next."
|
|
msgstr "Στη συνέχεια θα δούμε τα «rust_binary» και «rust_library»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Rust Binaries"
|
|
msgstr "# Rust Binaries"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, "
|
|
"create\n"
|
|
"the following files:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ας ξεκινήσουμε με μια απλή εφαρμογή. Στη ρίζα ενός ταμείου AOSP, "
|
|
"δημιουργήστε\n"
|
|
"τα ακόλουθα αρχεία:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:6 src/android/build-rules/library.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:16 src/android/build-rules/library.md:34
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"//! Rust demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τώρα μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε, να προωθήσετε και να εκτελέσετε το δυαδικό:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m hello_rust\n"
|
|
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n"
|
|
"Hello from Rust!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Rust Libraries"
|
|
msgstr "# Βιβλιοθήκες Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Χρησιμοποιείτε το \"rust_library\" για να δημιουργήσετε μια νέα βιβλιοθήκη "
|
|
"Rust για Android."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:"
|
|
msgstr "Εδώ δηλώνουμε μια εξάρτηση από δύο βιβλιοθήκες:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `libgreeting`, which we define below,\n"
|
|
"* `libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in\n"
|
|
" [`external/rust/crates/`][crates]."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* 'libgreeting', που ορίζουμε παρακάτω,\n"
|
|
"* «libtextwrap», το οποίο είναι ένα κιβώτιο που έχει ήδη πωληθεί\n"
|
|
" [`εξωτερικά/σκουριά/κιβώτια/`][κιβώτια]."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
" \"libtextwrap\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rust_library {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Rust demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use greetings::greeting;\n"
|
|
"use textwrap::fill;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:48
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Greeting library.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Greet `name`.\n"
|
|
"pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
" format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:59
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:"
|
|
msgstr "Δημιουργείτε, πιέζετε και τρέχετε το δυαδικό αρχείο όπως πριν:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:61
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"Hello Bob, it is very\n"
|
|
"nice to meet you!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# AIDL"
|
|
msgstr "# AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Android Interface Definition Language\n"
|
|
"(AIDL)](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in "
|
|
"Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η [Android Interface Definition Language\n"
|
|
"(AIDL)](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/aidl) υποστηρίζεται "
|
|
"στο Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Rust code can call existing AIDL servers,\n"
|
|
"* You can create new AIDL servers in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Ο κώδικας σκουριάς μπορεί να καλέσει υπάρχοντες διακομιστές AIDL,\n"
|
|
"* Μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε νέους διακομιστές AIDL στο Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# AIDL Interfaces"
|
|
msgstr "# Διεπαφές AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:"
|
|
msgstr "Δηλώνετε το API της υπηρεσίας σας χρησιμοποιώντας μια διεπαφή AIDL:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"*birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl*:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"*birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl*:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/** Birthday service interface. */\n"
|
|
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
|
|
" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
|
|
" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:17
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "*birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp*:"
|
|
msgstr "*birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp*:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"aidl_interface {\n"
|
|
" name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n"
|
|
" unstable: true,\n"
|
|
" backend: {\n"
|
|
" rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n"
|
|
" enabled: true,\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:32
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the "
|
|
"vendor\n"
|
|
"partition."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Προσθέστε το \"vendor_available: true\" εάν το αρχείο AIDL σας "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιείται από ένα δυαδικό αρχείο στον προμηθευτή\n"
|
|
"χώρισμα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Service Implementation"
|
|
msgstr "# Υλοποίηση υπηρεσίας"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:"
|
|
msgstr "Μπορούμε τώρα να εφαρμόσουμε την υπηρεσία AIDL:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "*birthday_service/src/lib.rs*:"
|
|
msgstr "*birthday_service/src/lib.rs*:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n"
|
|
"pub struct BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n"
|
|
" fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::"
|
|
"Result<String> {\n"
|
|
" Ok(format!(\n"
|
|
" \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!"
|
|
"\"\n"
|
|
" ))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:26 src/android/aidl/server.md:28
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "*birthday_service/Android.bp*:"
|
|
msgstr "*birthday_service/Android.bp*:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_library {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# AIDL Server"
|
|
msgstr "# Διακομιστής AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τέλος, μπορούμε να δημιουργήσουμε έναν διακομιστή που εκθέτει την υπηρεσία:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "*birthday_service/src/server.rs*:"
|
|
msgstr "*birthday_service/src/server.rs*:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Birthday service.\n"
|
|
"use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
"IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Entry point for birthday service.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
" let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n"
|
|
" birthday_service,\n"
|
|
" binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder."
|
|
"as_binder())\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to register service\");\n"
|
|
" binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Deploy"
|
|
msgstr "# Ανάπτυξη"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορούμε τώρα να δημιουργήσουμε, να προωθήσουμε και να ξεκινήσουμε την "
|
|
"υπηρεσία:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m birthday_server\n"
|
|
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:"
|
|
msgstr "Σε άλλο τερματικό, ελέγξτε ότι η υπηρεσία εκτελείται:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell service check birthdayservice\n"
|
|
"Service birthdayservice: found\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:"
|
|
msgstr "Μπορείτε επίσης να καλέσετε την υπηρεσία με «κλήση υπηρεσίας»:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ $ adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n"
|
|
"Result: Parcel(\n"
|
|
" 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# AIDL Client"
|
|
msgstr "# Πελάτης AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τέλος, μπορούμε να δημιουργήσουμε έναν πελάτη Rust για τη νέα μας υπηρεσία."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "*birthday_service/src/client.rs*:"
|
|
msgstr "*birthday_service/src/client.rs*:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Birthday service.\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n"
|
|
"pub fn connect() -> Result<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, binder::"
|
|
"StatusCode> {\n"
|
|
" binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Call the birthday service.\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n"
|
|
" let name = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
" .nth(1)\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n"
|
|
" let years = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
" .nth(2)\n"
|
|
" .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::<i32>().ok())\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or(42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n"
|
|
" let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to "
|
|
"BirthdayService\");\n"
|
|
" let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{msg}\");\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:52
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`."
|
|
msgstr "Σημειώστε ότι ο πελάτης δεν εξαρτάται από το \"libbirthdayservice\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:54
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:"
|
|
msgstr "Δημιουργήστε, προωθήστε και εκτελέστε τον πελάτη στη συσκευή σας:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m birthday_client\n"
|
|
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n"
|
|
"Happy Birthday Charlie, congratulations with the 60 years!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Changing API"
|
|
msgstr "# Αλλαγή API"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients "
|
|
"specify a\n"
|
|
"list of lines for the birthday card:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ας επεκτείνουμε το API με περισσότερη λειτουργικότητα: θέλουμε να "
|
|
"επιτρέψουμε στους πελάτες να καθορίσουν α\n"
|
|
"λίστα γραμμών για την κάρτα γενεθλίων:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/** Birthday service interface. */\n"
|
|
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
|
|
" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
|
|
" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:1 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Logging"
|
|
msgstr "# Καταγραφή"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) "
|
|
"or\n"
|
|
"`stdout` (on-host):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Θα πρέπει να χρησιμοποιήσετε το κιβώτιο «log» για αυτόματη σύνδεση στο "
|
|
"«logcat» (σε συσκευή) ή\n"
|
|
"`stdout` (στον οικοδεσπότη):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"liblog_rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"liblogger\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
" host_supported: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Rust logging demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use log::{debug, error, info};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Logs a greeting.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" logger::init(\n"
|
|
" logger::Config::default()\n"
|
|
" .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n"
|
|
" .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" debug!(\"Starting program.\");\n"
|
|
" info!(\"Things are going fine.\");\n"
|
|
" error!(\"Something went wrong!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:42 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:98
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:73
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:"
|
|
msgstr "Δημιουργήστε, σπρώξτε και εκτελέστε το δυαδικό στη συσκευή σας:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:50
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:"
|
|
msgstr "Τα αρχεία καταγραφής εμφανίζονται στο `adb logcat`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ adb logcat -s rust\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Starting program.\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: Things are going "
|
|
"fine.\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Something went "
|
|
"wrong!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Interoperability"
|
|
msgstr "# Διαλειτουργικότητα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This "
|
|
"means\n"
|
|
"that you can:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust έχει εξαιρετική υποστήριξη για διαλειτουργικότητα με άλλες γλώσσες. "
|
|
"Αυτό σημαίνει\n"
|
|
"ότι μπορείτε να:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Call Rust functions from other languages.\n"
|
|
"* Call functions written in other languages from Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Καλέστε τις λειτουργίες Rust από άλλες γλώσσες.\n"
|
|
"* Κλήση συναρτήσεων γραμμένων σε άλλες γλώσσες από το Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a\n"
|
|
"_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Όταν καλείτε συναρτήσεις σε μια ξένη γλώσσα, λέμε ότι χρησιμοποιείτε a\n"
|
|
"_ξένη διεπαφή λειτουργίας_, επίσης γνωστή ως FFI."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Interoperability with C"
|
|
msgstr "# Διαλειτουργικότητα με C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention.\n"
|
|
"Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το Rust έχει πλήρη υποστήριξη για τη σύνδεση αρχείων αντικειμένων με μια "
|
|
"σύμβαση κλήσης C.\n"
|
|
"Ομοίως, μπορείτε να εξάγετε συναρτήσεις Rust και να τις καλέσετε από το C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:"
|
|
msgstr "Μπορείτε να το κάνετε με το χέρι αν θέλετε:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = -42;\n"
|
|
" let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper\n"
|
|
"exercise](../../exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το είδαμε ήδη στο [Safe FFI Wrapper\n"
|
|
"άσκηση](../../exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:23
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for\n"
|
|
"> production."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> Αυτό προϋποθέτει πλήρη γνώση της πλατφόρμας-στόχου. Δεν συνιστάται για\n"
|
|
"> παραγωγή."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:26
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We will look at better options next."
|
|
msgstr "Θα εξετάσουμε καλύτερες επιλογές στη συνέχεια."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Using Bindgen"
|
|
msgstr "# Χρήση Bindgen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) "
|
|
"tool\n"
|
|
"can auto-generate bindings from a C header file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το εργαλείο [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction."
|
|
"html)\n"
|
|
"μπορεί να δημιουργήσει αυτόματα δεσμεύσεις από ένα αρχείο κεφαλίδας C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "First create a small C library:"
|
|
msgstr "Πρώτα δημιουργήστε μια μικρή βιβλιοθήκη C:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"typedef struct card {\n"
|
|
" const char* name;\n"
|
|
" int years;\n"
|
|
"} card;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"void print_card(const card* card);\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"#include <stdio.h>\n"
|
|
"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"void print_card(const card* card) {\n"
|
|
" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
|
|
" printf(\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\", card->name);\n"
|
|
" printf(\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\", card->years);\n"
|
|
" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:"
|
|
msgstr "Προσθέστε αυτό στο αρχείο σας «Android.bp»:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:108
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"cc_library {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthday\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:44
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this\n"
|
|
"example):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Δημιουργήστε ένα αρχείο κεφαλίδας περιτυλίγματος για τη βιβλιοθήκη (δεν "
|
|
"απαιτείται αυστηρά σε αυτό\n"
|
|
"παράδειγμα):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:47
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:53
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:"
|
|
msgstr "Τώρα μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε αυτόματα τις συνδέσεις:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_bindgen {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n"
|
|
" wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n"
|
|
" source_stem: \"bindings\",\n"
|
|
" static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:67
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:"
|
|
msgstr "Τέλος, μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε τις συνδέσεις στο πρόγραμμα Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:71
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:79
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:81
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"//! Bindgen demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let card = card {\n"
|
|
" name: name.as_ptr(),\n"
|
|
" years: 42,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" print_card(&card as *const card);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:100
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:106
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τέλος, μπορούμε να εκτελέσουμε δοκιμές που δημιουργούνται αυτόματα για να "
|
|
"διασφαλίσουμε ότι οι δεσμεύσεις λειτουργούν:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:110
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_test {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
|
|
" test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n"
|
|
" auto_gen_config: true,\n"
|
|
" clippy_lints: \"none\", // Generated file, skip linting\n"
|
|
" lints: \"none\",\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:122
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Calling Rust"
|
|
msgstr "# Calling Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:"
|
|
msgstr "Η εξαγωγή λειτουργιών και τύπων Rust στο C είναι εύκολη:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"//! Rust FFI demo.\n"
|
|
"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use std::os::raw::c_int;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Analyze the numbers.\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n"
|
|
" if x < y {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x ({x}) is smallest!\");\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:24
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n"
|
|
"#define ANALYSE_H\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
"void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#endif\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_ffi {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" include_dirs: [\".\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:48
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:"
|
|
msgstr "Μπορούμε τώρα να το ονομάσουμε αυτό από ένα δυαδικό C:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:50
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"#include \"analyze.h\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"int main() {\n"
|
|
" analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n"
|
|
" analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n"
|
|
" return 0;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:62
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"cc_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n"
|
|
" static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:75
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:83
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol "
|
|
"will just be the name of\n"
|
|
"the function. You can also use `#[export_name = \"some_name\"]` to specify "
|
|
"whatever name you want."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το \"#[no_mangle]\" απενεργοποιεί τη συνήθη παραποίηση ονόματος του Rust, "
|
|
"επομένως το σύμβολο που θα εξαχθεί θα είναι απλώς το όνομα του\n"
|
|
"η λειτουργία. Μπορείτε επίσης να χρησιμοποιήσετε το `#[export_name = "
|
|
"\"some_name\"]` για να καθορίσετε όποιο όνομα θέλετε."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# With C++"
|
|
msgstr "# Με C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [CXX crate][1] makes it possible to do safe interoperability between "
|
|
"Rust\n"
|
|
"and C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το [CXX crate][1] καθιστά δυνατή την ασφαλή διαλειτουργικότητα μεταξύ του "
|
|
"Rust\n"
|
|
"και C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The overall approach looks like this:"
|
|
msgstr "Η συνολική προσέγγιση μοιάζει με αυτό:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "<img src=\"cpp/overview.svg\">"
|
|
msgstr "<img src=\"cpp/overview.svg\">"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "See the [CXX tutorial][2] for an full example of using this."
|
|
msgstr "Δείτε το [CXX tutorial][2] για ένα πλήρες παράδειγμα χρήσης αυτού."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Interoperability with Java"
|
|
msgstr "# Διαλειτουργικότητα με Java"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface\n"
|
|
"(JNI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni`\n"
|
|
"crate](https://docs.rs/jni/) allows you to create a compatible library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η Java μπορεί να φορτώσει κοινόχρηστα αντικείμενα μέσω του [Java Native "
|
|
"Interface\n"
|
|
"(JNI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). Το [`jni`\n"
|
|
"crate](https://docs.rs/jni/) σας επιτρέπει να δημιουργήσετε μια συμβατή "
|
|
"βιβλιοθήκη."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:"
|
|
msgstr "Αρχικά, δημιουργούμε μια συνάρτηση Rust για εξαγωγή σε Java:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n"
|
|
"use jni::sys::jstring;\n"
|
|
"use jni::JNIEnv;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n"
|
|
" env: JNIEnv,\n"
|
|
" _class: JClass,\n"
|
|
" name: JString,\n"
|
|
") -> jstring {\n"
|
|
" let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n"
|
|
" let greeting = format!(\"Hello, {input}!\");\n"
|
|
" let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" output.into_inner()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:32
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:62
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_ffi_shared {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libhello_jni\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:43
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can call this function from Java:"
|
|
msgstr "Τέλος, μπορούμε να καλέσουμε αυτή τη συνάρτηση από την Java:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:45
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"class HelloWorld {\n"
|
|
" private static native String hello(String name);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" static {\n"
|
|
" System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" public static void main(String[] args) {\n"
|
|
" String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n"
|
|
" System.out.println(output);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"java_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n"
|
|
" main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n"
|
|
" required: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:73
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Τέλος, μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε, να συγχρονίσετε και να εκτελέσετε το "
|
|
"δυαδικό:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:75
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m helloworld_jni\n"
|
|
"$ adb sync # requires adb root && adb remount\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/android.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the last exercise, we will look at one of the projects you work with. "
|
|
"Let us\n"
|
|
"group up and do this together. Some suggestions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Για την τελευταία άσκηση, θα δούμε ένα από τα έργα με τα οποία εργάζεστε. "
|
|
"Αφήστε μας\n"
|
|
"ομαδοποιήστε και κάντε αυτό μαζί. Μερικές προτάσεις:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/android.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Move a function from your project to Rust and call it."
|
|
msgstr "* Μετακινήστε μια συνάρτηση από το έργο σας στο Rust και καλέστε την."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/android.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone "
|
|
"in\n"
|
|
"the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Δεν παρέχεται λύση εδώ, δεδομένου ότι αυτό είναι ανοιχτό: βασίζεται σε "
|
|
"κάποιον μέσα\n"
|
|
"η τάξη έχει ένα κομμάτι κώδικα που μπορείτε να μεταφέρετε στο Rust on the "
|
|
"fly."
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Thanks!"
|
|
msgstr "# Ευχαριστώ!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and "
|
|
"that it\n"
|
|
"was useful."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_Σας ευχαριστούμε που πήρατε το Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ Ελπίζουμε να σας "
|
|
"άρεσε και να\n"
|
|
"ήταν χρήσιμο."
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not "
|
|
"perfect,\n"
|
|
"so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, please get "
|
|
"in\n"
|
|
"[contact with us on\n"
|
|
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). We would "
|
|
"love\n"
|
|
"to hear from you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Διασκεδάσαμε πολύ όταν συνδυάσαμε το μάθημα. Το μάθημα δεν είναι τέλειο,\n"
|
|
"οπότε αν εντοπίσατε λάθη ή έχετε ιδέες για βελτιώσεις, παρακαλούμε μπείτε\n"
|
|
"[επικοινωνήστε μαζί μας στο\n"
|
|
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Θα "
|
|
"αγαπούσαμε\n"
|
|
"να ακούσω από σένα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Other Rust Resources"
|
|
msgstr "# Άλλοι πόροι σκουριάς"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources\n"
|
|
"online."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η κοινότητα του Rust έχει δημιουργήσει έναν πλούτο υψηλής ποιότητας και "
|
|
"δωρεάν πόρων\n"
|
|
"Σε σύνδεση."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Official Documentation"
|
|
msgstr "## Επίσημη Τεκμηρίωση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:"
|
|
msgstr "Το έργο Rust φιλοξενεί πολλούς πόρους. Αυτά καλύπτουν το Rust γενικά:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the\n"
|
|
" canonical free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" few projects for people to build.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the "
|
|
"Rust\n"
|
|
" syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. "
|
|
"Sometimes\n"
|
|
" includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code in the\n"
|
|
" examples.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full "
|
|
"documentation of\n"
|
|
" the standard library for Rust.\n"
|
|
"* [The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete "
|
|
"book\n"
|
|
" which describes the Rust grammar and memory model."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* [The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): το\n"
|
|
" κανονικό δωρεάν βιβλίο για το Rust. Καλύπτει αναλυτικά τη γλώσσα και "
|
|
"περιλαμβάνει α\n"
|
|
" λίγα έργα για να κατασκευάσουν οι άνθρωποι.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): καλύπτει τη "
|
|
"σκουριά\n"
|
|
" σύνταξη μέσω μιας σειράς παραδειγμάτων που παρουσιάζουν διαφορετικές "
|
|
"κατασκευές. Ωρες ωρες\n"
|
|
" περιλαμβάνει μικρές ασκήσεις όπου σας ζητείται να αναπτύξετε τον κώδικα "
|
|
"στο\n"
|
|
" παραδείγματα.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): πλήρης τεκμηρίωση "
|
|
"του\n"
|
|
" η τυπική βιβλιοθήκη για το Rust.\n"
|
|
"* [The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): ένα ημιτελές "
|
|
"βιβλίο\n"
|
|
" που περιγράφει το μοντέλο της γραμματικής και της μνήμης Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Περισσότεροι εξειδικευμένοι οδηγοί που φιλοξενούνται στον επίσημο ιστότοπο "
|
|
"της Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:24
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe "
|
|
"Rust,\n"
|
|
" including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages\n"
|
|
" (FFI).\n"
|
|
"* [Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-"
|
|
"book/):\n"
|
|
" covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" Rust Book was written.\n"
|
|
"* [The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): "
|
|
"an\n"
|
|
" introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating system."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* [The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): καλύπτει το μη "
|
|
"ασφαλές Rust,\n"
|
|
" συμπεριλαμβανομένης της εργασίας με ακατέργαστους δείκτες και της διεπαφής "
|
|
"με άλλες γλώσσες\n"
|
|
" (FFI).\n"
|
|
"* [Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-"
|
|
"book/):\n"
|
|
" καλύπτει το νέο μοντέλο ασύγχρονου προγραμματισμού που εισήχθη μετά το\n"
|
|
" Το Rust Book γράφτηκε.\n"
|
|
"* [The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-"
|
|
"book/):\n"
|
|
" εισαγωγή στη χρήση του Rust σε ενσωματωμένες συσκευές χωρίς λειτουργικό "
|
|
"σύστημα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Unofficial Learning Material"
|
|
msgstr "## Ανεπίσημο Εκπαιδευτικό Υλικό"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:35
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Μια μικρή επιλογή άλλων οδηγών και οδηγών για το Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers "
|
|
"Rust\n"
|
|
" from the perspective of low-level C programmers.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust for Embedded C\n"
|
|
" Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/rust_for_c/): covers Rust "
|
|
"from\n"
|
|
" the perspective of developers who write firmware in C.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/):\n"
|
|
" covers the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other "
|
|
"languages\n"
|
|
" such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to "
|
|
"help\n"
|
|
" you learn Rust.\n"
|
|
"* [Ferrous Teaching\n"
|
|
" Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-material/index.html): "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" series of small presentations covering both basic and advanced part of "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, and async/await are also\n"
|
|
" covered.\n"
|
|
"* [Beginner's Series to\n"
|
|
" Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-series-to-rust/) "
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
" [Take your first steps with\n"
|
|
" Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): "
|
|
"two\n"
|
|
" Rust guides aimed at new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" second is a set of 11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic "
|
|
"constructs.\n"
|
|
"* [Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked\n"
|
|
" Lists](https://rust-unofficial.github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth\n"
|
|
" exploration of Rust's memory management rules, through implementing a few\n"
|
|
" different types of list structures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* [Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): καλύπτει "
|
|
"το Rust\n"
|
|
" από την οπτική γωνία των προγραμματιστών χαμηλού επιπέδου C.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust for Embedded C\n"
|
|
" Προγραμματιστές](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/rust_for_c/): καλύπτει "
|
|
"το Rust από\n"
|
|
" η προοπτική των προγραμματιστών που γράφουν υλικολογισμικό σε C.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust για επαγγελματίες](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/):\n"
|
|
" καλύπτει τη σύνταξη του Rust χρησιμοποιώντας συγκρίσεις δίπλα-δίπλα με "
|
|
"άλλες γλώσσες\n"
|
|
" όπως C, C++, Java, JavaScript και Python.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ ασκήσεις για "
|
|
"βοήθεια\n"
|
|
" μαθαίνεις Rust.\n"
|
|
"* [Σιδήρου Διδασκαλία\n"
|
|
" Υλικό](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-material/index.html): α\n"
|
|
" σειρά μικρών παρουσιάσεων που καλύπτουν τόσο βασικό όσο και προχωρημένο "
|
|
"μέρος του\n"
|
|
" Γλώσσα σκουριάς. Άλλα θέματα όπως το WebAssembly και το async/wait είναι "
|
|
"επίσης\n"
|
|
" σκεπαστός.\n"
|
|
"* [Beginner's Series to\n"
|
|
" Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-series-to-rust/) "
|
|
"και\n"
|
|
" [Κάντε τα πρώτα σας βήματα με\n"
|
|
" Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): "
|
|
"δύο\n"
|
|
" Οδηγοί Rust που απευθύνονται σε νέους προγραμματιστές. Το πρώτο είναι ένα "
|
|
"σύνολο 35 βίντεο και το\n"
|
|
" Το δεύτερο είναι ένα σύνολο 11 ενοτήτων που καλύπτει τη σύνταξη του Rust "
|
|
"και τις βασικές δομές."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:63
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) "
|
|
"for\n"
|
|
"even more Rust books."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Δείτε το [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) για\n"
|
|
"ακόμα περισσότερα βιβλία Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Credits"
|
|
msgstr "# Πιστώσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust "
|
|
"documentation.\n"
|
|
"See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a full list of "
|
|
"useful\n"
|
|
"resources."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το υλικό εδώ βασίζεται στις πολλές σπουδαίες πηγές τεκμηρίωσης του Rust.\n"
|
|
"Δείτε τη σελίδα στο [other resources](other-resources.md) για μια πλήρη "
|
|
"λίστα χρήσιμων\n"
|
|
"πόροι."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache "
|
|
"2.0\n"
|
|
"license, please see [`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Το υλικό του Comprehensive Rust έχει άδεια χρήσης σύμφωνα με τους όρους του "
|
|
"Apache 2.0\n"
|
|
"άδεια, ανατρέξτε στην ενότητα [`ΑΔΕΙΑ`](../LICENSE) για λεπτομέρειες."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Rust by Example"
|
|
msgstr "## Σκουριά από Παράδειγμα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by\n"
|
|
"Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the\n"
|
|
"`third_party/rust-by-example/` directory for details, including the license\n"
|
|
"terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ορισμένα παραδείγματα και ασκήσεις έχουν αντιγραφεί και προσαρμοστεί από το "
|
|
"[Rust by\n"
|
|
"Παράδειγμα](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Παρακαλώ δείτε το\n"
|
|
"Κατάλογος `third_party/rust-by-example/` για λεπτομέρειες, "
|
|
"συμπεριλαμβανομένης της άδειας χρήσης\n"
|
|
"όροι."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:17
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Rust on Exercism"
|
|
msgstr "## Σκουριά στην άσκηση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on\n"
|
|
"Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the\n"
|
|
"`third_party/rust-on-exercism/` directory for details, including the "
|
|
"license\n"
|
|
"terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ορισμένες ασκήσεις έχουν αντιγραφεί και προσαρμοστεί από το [Rust on\n"
|
|
"Άσκηση](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust). Παρακαλώ δείτε το\n"
|
|
"Κατάλογος `third_party/rust-on-exercism/` για λεπτομέρειες, "
|
|
"συμπεριλαμβανομένης της άδειας\n"
|
|
"όροι."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:24
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## CXX"
|
|
msgstr "## CXX"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:26
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section "
|
|
"uses an\n"
|
|
"image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` "
|
|
"directory\n"
|
|
"for details, including the license terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Η ενότητα [Διαλειτουργικότητα με C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιεί ένα\n"
|
|
"εικόνα από [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Δείτε τον κατάλογο `third_party/cxx/`\n"
|
|
"για λεπτομέρειες, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των όρων άδειας."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Welcome to Bare Metal Rust"
|
|
msgstr "# Καλώς ήρθατε στην Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people "
|
|
"who are familiar with the\n"
|
|
"basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the Comprehensive Rust course), and "
|
|
"ideally also have some\n"
|
|
"experience with bare-metal programming in some other language such as C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS "
|
|
"underneath us. This will\n"
|
|
"be divided into several parts:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"- What is `no_std` Rust?\n"
|
|
"- Writing firmware for microcontrollers.\n"
|
|
"- Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors.\n"
|
|
"- Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit]"
|
|
"(https://microbit.org/) v2\n"
|
|
"as an example. It's a [development board](https://tech.microbit.org/"
|
|
"hardware/) based on the Nordic\n"
|
|
"nRF51822 microcontroller with some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected "
|
|
"accelerometer and compass, and\n"
|
|
"an on-board SWD debugger."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bash\n"
|
|
"sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gdb-multiarch libudev-dev picocom "
|
|
"qemu-system-arm\n"
|
|
"rustup update\n"
|
|
"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
|
|
"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
|
|
"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bash\n"
|
|
"echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"usb\", ATTR{idVendor}==\"0d28\", MODE=\"0664\", "
|
|
"GROUP=\"plugdev\"' |\\\n"
|
|
" sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/50-microbit.rules\n"
|
|
"sudo udevadm control --reload-rules\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:38
|
|
msgid "On MacOS:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-bare-metal.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bash\n"
|
|
"xcode-select --install\n"
|
|
"brew install gdb picocom qemu\n"
|
|
"brew install --cask gcc-aarch64-embedded\n"
|
|
"rustup update\n"
|
|
"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
|
|
"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
|
|
"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `no_std`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"<table>\n"
|
|
"<tr>\n"
|
|
"<th>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:7
|
|
msgid "`core`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:9 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"</th>\n"
|
|
"<th>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:12
|
|
msgid "`alloc`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:17
|
|
msgid "`std`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"</th>\n"
|
|
"</tr>\n"
|
|
"<tr valign=\"top\">\n"
|
|
"<td>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Slices, `&str`, `CStr`\n"
|
|
"* `NonZeroU8`...\n"
|
|
"* `Option`, `Result`\n"
|
|
"* `Display`, `Debug`, `write!`...\n"
|
|
"* `Iterator`\n"
|
|
"* `panic!`, `assert_eq!`...\n"
|
|
"* `NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions\n"
|
|
"* `Future` and `async`/`await`\n"
|
|
"* `fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`...\n"
|
|
"* `Duration`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:35 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"</td>\n"
|
|
"<td>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`\n"
|
|
"* `Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`\n"
|
|
"* `String`, `CString`, `format!`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Error`\n"
|
|
"* `HashMap`\n"
|
|
"* `Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`\n"
|
|
"* `File` and the rest of `fs`\n"
|
|
"* `println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`\n"
|
|
"* `Path`, `OsString`\n"
|
|
"* `net`\n"
|
|
"* `Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`\n"
|
|
"* `spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`\n"
|
|
"* `SystemTime`, `Instant`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"</td>\n"
|
|
"</tr>\n"
|
|
"</table>\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"<details>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:62
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `HashMap` depends on RNG.\n"
|
|
"* `std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:1
|
|
msgid "# A minimal `no_std` program"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
"fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* This will compile to an empty binary.\n"
|
|
"* `std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own.\n"
|
|
"* It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`.\n"
|
|
"* Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` "
|
|
"to avoid an error about\n"
|
|
" `eh_personality`.\n"
|
|
"* Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to "
|
|
"define your own entry\n"
|
|
" point. This will typically involve a linker script and some assembly code "
|
|
"to set things up ready\n"
|
|
" for Rust code to run."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `alloc`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To use `alloc` you must implement a\n"
|
|
"[global (heap) allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait."
|
|
"GlobalAlloc.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate alloc;\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use alloc::{string::ToString, vec::Vec};\n"
|
|
"use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[global_allocator]\n"
|
|
"static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn entry() {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called "
|
|
"once.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n"
|
|
" HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n"
|
|
" .lock()\n"
|
|
" .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n"
|
|
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy "
|
|
"system allocator. Other\n"
|
|
" crates are available, or you can write your own or hook into your existing "
|
|
"allocator.\n"
|
|
"* The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i."
|
|
"e. in this case it can\n"
|
|
" allocate regions of up to 2**32 bytes.\n"
|
|
"* If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have "
|
|
"exactly one global\n"
|
|
" allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in the top-level "
|
|
"binary crate.\n"
|
|
"* `extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the "
|
|
"`panic_halt` crate is linked in so\n"
|
|
" we get its panic handler."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Microcontrollers"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for "
|
|
"Cortex M microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod interrupts;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of "
|
|
"abstraction."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -"
|
|
"> !`, because returning\n"
|
|
" to the reset handler doesn't make sense.\n"
|
|
"* Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Raw MMIO"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try "
|
|
"turning on an LED on our\n"
|
|
"micro:bit:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod interrupts;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::mem::size_of;\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n"
|
|
"const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// GPIO peripheral offsets\n"
|
|
"const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;\n"
|
|
"const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;\n"
|
|
"const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// PIN_CNF fields\n"
|
|
"const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;\n"
|
|
"const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;\n"
|
|
"const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;\n"
|
|
"const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;\n"
|
|
"const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
" let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut "
|
|
"u32;\n"
|
|
" let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut "
|
|
"u32;\n"
|
|
" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, "
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
" // no aliases exist.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(\n"
|
|
" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | "
|
|
"SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(\n"
|
|
" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | "
|
|
"SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
" let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;\n"
|
|
" let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;\n"
|
|
" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, "
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
" // no aliases exist.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);\n"
|
|
" gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin "
|
|
"28 to the first row."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:66
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:59
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:43
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:34
|
|
msgid "Run the example with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:68
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin mmio\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Peripheral Access Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust "
|
|
"wrappers for\n"
|
|
"memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/pack/doc/"
|
|
"CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html)\n"
|
|
"files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_pac::Peripherals;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let gpio0 = p.P0;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
" gpio0.pin_cnf[21].write(|w| {\n"
|
|
" w.dir().output();\n"
|
|
" w.input().disconnect();\n"
|
|
" w.pull().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w.drive().s0s1();\n"
|
|
" w.sense().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" gpio0.pin_cnf[28].write(|w| {\n"
|
|
" w.dir().output();\n"
|
|
" w.input().disconnect();\n"
|
|
" w.pull().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w.drive().s0s1();\n"
|
|
" w.sense().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
" gpio0.outclr.write(|w| w.pin28().clear());\n"
|
|
" gpio0.outset.write(|w| w.pin21().set());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by "
|
|
"silicon vendors which\n"
|
|
" describe the memory map of the device.\n"
|
|
" * They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, "
|
|
"descriptions, addresses\n"
|
|
" and so on.\n"
|
|
" * SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects "
|
|
"which patch the\n"
|
|
" mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated crates.\n"
|
|
"* `cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things.\n"
|
|
"* If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run\n"
|
|
" `cargo objdump --bin pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting "
|
|
"binary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:61
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin pac\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:1
|
|
msgid "# HAL crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-"
|
|
"implementation-crates) for\n"
|
|
"many microcontrollers provide wrappers around various peripherals. These "
|
|
"generally implement traits\n"
|
|
"from [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_hal::gpio::{p0, Level};\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_hal::pac::Peripherals;\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_hal::prelude::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n"
|
|
" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
" let mut col1 = gpio0.p0_28.into_push_pull_output(Level::High);\n"
|
|
" let mut row1 = gpio0.p0_21.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
" col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * `set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` "
|
|
"trait.\n"
|
|
" * HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various "
|
|
"STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP,\n"
|
|
" MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin hal\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Board support crates"
|
|
msgstr "# Συντομεύσεις πληκτρολογίου"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific "
|
|
"board for convenience."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::Board;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let mut board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" board.display_pins.col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" board.display_pins.row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, "
|
|
"and a bit of\n"
|
|
" initialisation.\n"
|
|
" * The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of "
|
|
"the microcontroller\n"
|
|
" itself.\n"
|
|
" * `microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin board_support\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:1
|
|
msgid "# The type state pattern"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let pin: P0_01<Disconnected> = gpio0.p0_01;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
" let pin_input: P0_01<Input<Floating>> = pin.into_floating_input();\n"
|
|
" if pin_input.is_high().unwrap() {\n"
|
|
" // ...\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" let mut pin_output: P0_01<Output<OpenDrain>> =\n"
|
|
" pin_input.into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::"
|
|
"Disconnect0Standard1, Level::Low);\n"
|
|
" pin_output.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" // pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let _pin2: P0_02<Output<OpenDrain>> = gpio0\n"
|
|
" .p0_02\n"
|
|
" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, "
|
|
"Level::Low);\n"
|
|
" let _pin3: P0_03<Output<PushPull>> = gpio0.p0_03."
|
|
"into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can "
|
|
"exist. Once a pin is\n"
|
|
" moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it.\n"
|
|
" * Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you "
|
|
"can’t keep use the old\n"
|
|
" instance afterwards.\n"
|
|
" * The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, "
|
|
"the configuration state\n"
|
|
" of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into the type system, and "
|
|
"ensures that you don't\n"
|
|
" try to use a pin in a certain way without properly configuring it first. "
|
|
"Illegal state\n"
|
|
" transitions are caught at compile time.\n"
|
|
" * You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, "
|
|
"but not vice-versa.\n"
|
|
" * Many HAL crates follow this pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `embedded-hal`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a "
|
|
"number of traits\n"
|
|
"covering common microcontroller peripherals."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * GPIO\n"
|
|
" * ADC\n"
|
|
" * I2C, SPI, UART, CAN\n"
|
|
" * RNG\n"
|
|
" * Timers\n"
|
|
" * Watchdogs"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Other crates then implement\n"
|
|
"[drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#driver-"
|
|
"crates) in terms of these\n"
|
|
"traits, e.g. an accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus "
|
|
"implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other "
|
|
"platforms such as Linux on\n"
|
|
"Raspberry Pi.\n"
|
|
" * There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it "
|
|
"isn't stable yet."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:1
|
|
msgid "# probe-rs, `cargo-embed`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, "
|
|
"like OpenOCD but better\n"
|
|
"integrated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* <abbr title=\"Serial Wire Debug\">SWD</abbr> and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-"
|
|
"Link and J-Link probes\n"
|
|
"* GDB stub and Microsoft <abbr title=\"Debug Adapter Protocol\">DAP</abbr> "
|
|
"server\n"
|
|
"* Cargo integration"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log\n"
|
|
"<abbr title=\"Real Time Transfers\">RTT</abbr> output and connect GDB. It's "
|
|
"configured by an\n"
|
|
"`Embed.toml` file in your project directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is "
|
|
"an Arm standard\n"
|
|
" protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the CoreSight Debug "
|
|
"Access Port of various\n"
|
|
" Arm Cortex processors. It's what the on-board debugger on the BBC micro:"
|
|
"bit uses.\n"
|
|
"* ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-"
|
|
"Link is a range from\n"
|
|
" SEGGER.\n"
|
|
"* The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin "
|
|
"Serial Wire Debug.\n"
|
|
"* probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you "
|
|
"want to.\n"
|
|
"* The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-"
|
|
"adapter-protocol/) lets\n"
|
|
" VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any supported "
|
|
"microcontroller.\n"
|
|
"* cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library.\n"
|
|
"* RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the "
|
|
"debug host and the target\n"
|
|
" through a number of ringbuffers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Debugging"
|
|
msgstr "# Καταγραφή"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:3
|
|
msgid "Embed.toml:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[default.general]\n"
|
|
"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[debug.gdb]\n"
|
|
"enabled = true\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:13
|
|
msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin board_support debug\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:"
|
|
msgstr "Σε άλλο τερματικό, ελέγξτε ότι η υπηρεσία εκτελείται:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"gdb-multiarch target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/board_support --eval-"
|
|
"command=\"target remote :1337\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:27
|
|
msgid "In GDB, try running:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gdb\n"
|
|
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:29\n"
|
|
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:30\n"
|
|
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:32\n"
|
|
"c\n"
|
|
"c\n"
|
|
"c\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:1
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Other projects"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * [RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)\n"
|
|
" * \"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\"\n"
|
|
" * Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer "
|
|
"queue\n"
|
|
" * [Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)\n"
|
|
" * `async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB\n"
|
|
" * [TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)\n"
|
|
" * Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection "
|
|
"Unit support\n"
|
|
" * [Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)\n"
|
|
" * Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, "
|
|
"unprivileged drivers, IPC\n"
|
|
" * [Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)\n"
|
|
" * Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g.\n"
|
|
" [esp-idf](https://esp-rs.github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-"
|
|
"library.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework.\n"
|
|
" * It doesn't include any HALs.\n"
|
|
" * It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for "
|
|
"scheduling rather than a\n"
|
|
" proper kernel.\n"
|
|
" * Cortex-M only.\n"
|
|
" * Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys.\n"
|
|
" * FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing "
|
|
"applications."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
|
|
"serial port."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Compass"
|
|
msgstr "# Σύγκριση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
|
|
"serial port. If you have\n"
|
|
"time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or use the buttons somehow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:6
|
|
msgid "Hints:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"- Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/"
|
|
"latest/lsm303agr/) and\n"
|
|
" [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/) crates, as "
|
|
"well as the\n"
|
|
" [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/).\n"
|
|
"- The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C "
|
|
"bus.\n"
|
|
"- TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM.\n"
|
|
"- The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::"
|
|
"blocking::i2c::WriteRead`\n"
|
|
" trait. The\n"
|
|
" [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/"
|
|
"struct.Twim.html) struct\n"
|
|
" implements this.\n"
|
|
"- You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/"
|
|
"struct.Board.html)\n"
|
|
" struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals.\n"
|
|
"- You can also look at the\n"
|
|
" [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi.com/pdf/"
|
|
"nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but\n"
|
|
" it shouldn't be necessary for this exercise."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:23 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`src/main.rs`:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::{hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte}, Board};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Configure serial port.\n"
|
|
" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
|
|
" board.UARTE0,\n"
|
|
" board.uart.into(),\n"
|
|
" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
|
|
" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
|
|
" // TODO\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
|
|
" // TODO\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:59 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:344
|
|
msgid "`Cargo.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:61
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[workspace]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"compass\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"cortex-m-rt = \"0.7.3\"\n"
|
|
"embedded-hal = \"0.2.6\"\n"
|
|
"lsm303agr = \"0.2.2\"\n"
|
|
"microbit-v2 = \"0.13.0\"\n"
|
|
"panic-halt = \"0.2.0\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:78
|
|
msgid "`Embed.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:80
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[default.general]\n"
|
|
"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[debug.gdb]\n"
|
|
"enabled = true\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[debug.reset]\n"
|
|
"halt_afterwards = true\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:91 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:922
|
|
msgid "`.cargo/config.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:93
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[build]\n"
|
|
"target = \"thumbv7em-none-eabihf\" # Cortex-M4F\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[target.'cfg(all(target_arch = \"arm\", target_os = \"none\"))']\n"
|
|
"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Tlink.x\"]\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:101
|
|
msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:103
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/ttyACM0\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:107
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:109
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/tty.usbmodem14502\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:113
|
|
msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Application processors"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. "
|
|
"Now let's try writing\n"
|
|
"something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work with QEMU's aarch64\n"
|
|
"['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/virt.html) board."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of "
|
|
"privilege (exception\n"
|
|
" levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application processors do.\n"
|
|
"* QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for "
|
|
"each architecture. The\n"
|
|
" 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real hardware, but is "
|
|
"designed purely for\n"
|
|
" virtual machines."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Inline assembly"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with "
|
|
"Rust code. For example,\n"
|
|
"to make an <abbr title=\"hypervisor call\">HVC</abbr> to tell the firmware "
|
|
"to power off the system:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::arch::asm;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF: u32 = 0x84000008;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(_x0: u64, _x1: u64, _x2: u64, _x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n"
|
|
" // anything with memory.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" asm!(\"hvc #0\",\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w0\") PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w1\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w2\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w3\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w4\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w5\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w6\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w7\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" options(nomem, nostack)\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(If you actually want to do this, use the [`psci`][1] crate which has "
|
|
"wrappers for all these functions.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of "
|
|
"functions to manage system\n"
|
|
" and CPU power states, among other things. It is implemented by EL3 "
|
|
"firmware and hypervisors on\n"
|
|
" many systems.\n"
|
|
"* The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the "
|
|
"inline assembly code,\n"
|
|
" and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use `inout` rather than "
|
|
"`in` because the call could\n"
|
|
" potentially clobber the contents of the registers.\n"
|
|
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Volatile memory access for MMIO"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`.\n"
|
|
" * Never hold a reference.\n"
|
|
" * `addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an "
|
|
"intermediate reference."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so "
|
|
"prevent the compiler or\n"
|
|
" hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them.\n"
|
|
" * Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the "
|
|
"compiler may assume that\n"
|
|
" the value read is the same as the value just written, and not bother "
|
|
"actually reading memory.\n"
|
|
" * Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, "
|
|
"but this is unsound.\n"
|
|
" Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to dereference it.\n"
|
|
" * Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to "
|
|
"the struct."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Let's write a UART driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011][1] UART, so let's write a driver for "
|
|
"that."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n"
|
|
"const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
"const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
" base_address: *mut u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Uart {\n"
|
|
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self { base_address }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET)."
|
|
"read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# More traits"
|
|
msgstr "# Χαρακτηριστικά"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more "
|
|
"traits too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Write for Uart {\n"
|
|
" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
|
|
" self.write_byte(*c);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
|
|
"// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with "
|
|
"our `Uart` type.\n"
|
|
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:1
|
|
msgid "# A better UART driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers][1], and adding offsets to "
|
|
"construct pointers to access\n"
|
|
"them is error-prone and hard to read. Plus, some of them are bit fields "
|
|
"which would be nice to\n"
|
|
"access in a structured way."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"| Offset | Register name | Width |\n"
|
|
"| ------ | ------------- | ----- |\n"
|
|
"| 0x00 | DR | 12 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x04 | RSR | 4 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x18 | FR | 9 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x20 | ILPR | 8 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x24 | IBRD | 16 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x28 | FBRD | 6 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x2c | LCR_H | 8 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x30 | CR | 16 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x34 | IFLS | 6 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x38 | IMSC | 11 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x3c | RIS | 11 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x40 | MIS | 11 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x44 | ICR | 11 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x48 | DMACR | 3 |"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:26
|
|
msgid "- There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Bitflags"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for "
|
|
"working with bitflags."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"bitflags! {\n"
|
|
" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
" struct Flags: u16 {\n"
|
|
" /// Clear to send.\n"
|
|
" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
" /// Data set ready.\n"
|
|
" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
" /// Data carrier detect.\n"
|
|
" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
|
|
" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
|
|
" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
|
|
" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
|
|
" /// Ring indicator.\n"
|
|
" const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along "
|
|
"with a bunch of method\n"
|
|
" implementations to get and set flags."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Multiple registers"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
|
|
"struct Registers {\n"
|
|
" dr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n"
|
|
" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n"
|
|
" fr: Flags,\n"
|
|
" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n"
|
|
" ilpr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" ibrd: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" fbrd: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" lcr_h: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" cr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" ifls: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" imsc: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" ris: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" mis: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" icr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" dmacr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-"
|
|
"representation) tells\n"
|
|
" the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, following the same "
|
|
"rules as C. This is\n"
|
|
" necessary for our struct to have a predictable layout, as default Rust "
|
|
"representation allows the\n"
|
|
" compiler to (among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:3
|
|
msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Uart {\n"
|
|
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been "
|
|
"received.\n"
|
|
" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
|
|
" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
|
|
" None\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)."
|
|
"read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
|
|
" Some(data as u8)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual "
|
|
"fields without creating\n"
|
|
" an intermediate reference, which would be unsound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:1
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Using it"
|
|
msgstr "# Χρήση Bindgen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, "
|
|
"and echo incoming\n"
|
|
"bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"mod pl011;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::{fmt::Write, panic::PanicInfo};\n"
|
|
"use log::error;\n"
|
|
"use psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"pub const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
|
|
"device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let mut uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" writeln!(uart, \"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3)."
|
|
"unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" if let Some(b) = uart.read_byte() {\n"
|
|
" uart.write_byte(b);\n"
|
|
" match b {\n"
|
|
" b'\\r' => {\n"
|
|
" uart.write_byte(b'\\n');\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" b'q' => break,\n"
|
|
" _ => {}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" writeln!(uart, \"Bye!\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`][1] "
|
|
"crate. We can do this by\n"
|
|
"implementing the `Log` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
|
|
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Log for Logger {\n"
|
|
" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" true\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
|
|
" writeln!(\n"
|
|
" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
|
|
" \"[{}] {}\",\n"
|
|
" record.level(),\n"
|
|
" record.args()\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn flush(&self) {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
|
|
"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), "
|
|
"SetLoggerError> {\n"
|
|
" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
|
|
" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling "
|
|
"`set_logger`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:3
|
|
msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"mod logger;\n"
|
|
"mod pl011;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
"use psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"pub const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
|
|
"device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(x1, 42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"{}\", info);\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics.\n"
|
|
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * [oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)\n"
|
|
" * \"coreboot without the C\"\n"
|
|
" * Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V.\n"
|
|
" * Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself.\n"
|
|
" * [Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-"
|
|
"raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)\n"
|
|
" * Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, "
|
|
"exception handling, page tables\n"
|
|
" * Not all very well written, so beware.\n"
|
|
" * [`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)\n"
|
|
" * Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Useful crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal "
|
|
"programming."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `zerocopy`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`zerocopy`][1] crate (from Fuchsia) provides traits and macros for "
|
|
"safely converting between\n"
|
|
"byte sequences and other types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use zerocopy::AsBytes;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[repr(u32)]\n"
|
|
"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
"enum RequestType {\n"
|
|
" #[default]\n"
|
|
" In = 0,\n"
|
|
" Out = 1,\n"
|
|
" Flush = 4,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
"struct VirtioBlockRequest {\n"
|
|
" request_type: RequestType,\n"
|
|
" reserved: u32,\n"
|
|
" sector: u64,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let request = VirtioBlockRequest {\n"
|
|
" request_type: RequestType::Flush,\n"
|
|
" sector: 42,\n"
|
|
" ..Default::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
" request.as_bytes(),\n"
|
|
" &[4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), "
|
|
"but can be useful for\n"
|
|
"working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by DMA, or sent over some "
|
|
"external interface."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is "
|
|
"valid, and so can safely be\n"
|
|
" converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes.\n"
|
|
"* Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because "
|
|
"`RequestType` doesn't use all\n"
|
|
" possible u32 values as discriminants, so not all byte patterns are valid.\n"
|
|
"* `zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `aarch64-paging`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`aarch64-paging`][1] crate lets you create page tables according to the "
|
|
"AArch64 Virtual Memory\n"
|
|
"System Architecture."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use aarch64_paging::{\n"
|
|
" idmap::IdMap,\n"
|
|
" paging::{Attributes, MemoryRegion},\n"
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const ASID: usize = 1;\n"
|
|
"const ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n"
|
|
"let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);\n"
|
|
"// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n"
|
|
"idmap.map_range(\n"
|
|
" &MemoryRegion::new(0x80200000, 0x80400000),\n"
|
|
" Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,\n"
|
|
").unwrap();\n"
|
|
"// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n"
|
|
"idmap.activate();\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels "
|
|
"should be straightforward to\n"
|
|
" add.\n"
|
|
"* This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware][2]."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `buddy_system_allocator`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`buddy_system_allocator`][1] is a third-party crate implementing a basic "
|
|
"buddy system allocator.\n"
|
|
"It can be used both for [`LockedHeap`][2] implementing [`GlobalAlloc`][3] so "
|
|
"you can use the\n"
|
|
"standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before][4]), or for allocating other "
|
|
"address space. For example,\n"
|
|
"we might want to allocate MMIO space for PCI BARs:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use buddy_system_allocator::FrameAllocator;\n"
|
|
"use core::alloc::Layout;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut allocator = FrameAllocator::<32>::new();\n"
|
|
" allocator.add_frame(0x200_0000, 0x400_0000);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let layout = Layout::from_size_align(0x100, 0x100).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let bar = allocator\n"
|
|
" .alloc_aligned(layout)\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to allocate 0x100 byte MMIO region\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Allocated 0x100 byte MMIO region at {:#x}\", bar);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:26
|
|
msgid "* PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `tinyvec`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without "
|
|
"heap allocation.\n"
|
|
"[`tinyvec`][1] provides this: a vector backed by an array or slice, which "
|
|
"could be statically\n"
|
|
"allocated or on the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used "
|
|
"and panics if you try to\n"
|
|
"use more than are allocated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tinyvec::{array_vec, ArrayVec};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut numbers: ArrayVec<[u32; 5]> = array_vec!(42, 66);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
|
|
" numbers.push(7);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
|
|
" numbers.remove(1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for "
|
|
"initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `spin`"
|
|
msgstr "## «στατικό»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` "
|
|
"are not available in\n"
|
|
"`core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or interior mutability, "
|
|
"such as for sharing\n"
|
|
"state between different CPUs?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`spin`][1] crate provides spinlock-based equivalents of many of these "
|
|
"primitives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static counter: SpinMutex<u32> = SpinMutex::new(0);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n"
|
|
" *counter.lock() += 2;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers.\n"
|
|
"* `spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of "
|
|
"`RwLock`, `Barrier` and `Once`\n"
|
|
" from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation.\n"
|
|
"* The [`once_cell`][2] crate also has some useful types for late "
|
|
"initialisation with a slightly\n"
|
|
" different approach to `spin::once::Once`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a "
|
|
"`rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build\n"
|
|
"your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` with a linker script to produce the "
|
|
"binary itself, and then a\n"
|
|
"`raw_binary` to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```soong\n"
|
|
"rust_ffi_static {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libvmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" defaults: [\"vmbase_ffi_defaults\"],\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"vmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"libvmbase\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"cc_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"vmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" defaults: [\"vmbase_elf_defaults\"],\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\n"
|
|
" \"idmap.S\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" static_libs: [\n"
|
|
" \"libvmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" linker_scripts: [\n"
|
|
" \"image.ld\",\n"
|
|
" \":vmbase_sections\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"raw_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"vmbase_example_bin\",\n"
|
|
" stem: \"vmbase_example.bin\",\n"
|
|
" src: \":vmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" enabled: false,\n"
|
|
" target: {\n"
|
|
" android_arm64: {\n"
|
|
" enabled: true,\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:1
|
|
msgid "# vmbase"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase][1] library provides a "
|
|
"linker script and useful\n"
|
|
"defaults for the build rules, along with an entry point, UART console "
|
|
"logging and more."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use vmbase::{main, println};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"main!(main);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn main(arg0: u64, arg1: u64, arg2: u64, arg3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello world\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` "
|
|
"entry point.\n"
|
|
"* The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a "
|
|
"PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown\n"
|
|
" the VM if your main function returns."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:1
|
|
msgid "# RTC driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031][1] real-time clock at 0x9010000. "
|
|
"For this exercise, you\n"
|
|
"should write a driver for it and use it to print the current time to the "
|
|
"serial console. You can use\n"
|
|
"the [`chrono`][2] crate for date/time formatting."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"mod logger;\n"
|
|
"mod pl011;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
"use psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"pub const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
|
|
"device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // TODO: Initialise RTC and print value.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"{}\", info);\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:46
|
|
msgid "`src/exceptions.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use log::error;\n"
|
|
"use psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"irq_current\");\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"fiq_current\");\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"serr_current\");\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"sync_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"irq_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"serr_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:114
|
|
msgid "`src/logger.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:115
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
|
|
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Log for Logger {\n"
|
|
" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" true\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
|
|
" writeln!(\n"
|
|
" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
|
|
" \"[{}] {}\",\n"
|
|
" record.level(),\n"
|
|
" record.args()\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn flush(&self) {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
|
|
"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), "
|
|
"SetLoggerError> {\n"
|
|
" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
|
|
" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:172
|
|
msgid "`src/pl011.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:173
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::{\n"
|
|
" fmt::{self, Write},\n"
|
|
" ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut},\n"
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Flags\n"
|
|
"use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"bitflags! {\n"
|
|
" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
" struct Flags: u16 {\n"
|
|
" /// Clear to send.\n"
|
|
" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
" /// Data set ready.\n"
|
|
" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
" /// Data carrier detect.\n"
|
|
" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
|
|
" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
|
|
" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
|
|
" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
|
|
" /// Ring indicator.\n"
|
|
" const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"bitflags! {\n"
|
|
" /// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
" struct ReceiveStatus: u16 {\n"
|
|
" /// Framing error.\n"
|
|
" const FE = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
" /// Parity error.\n"
|
|
" const PE = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
" /// Break error.\n"
|
|
" const BE = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
" /// Overrun error.\n"
|
|
" const OE = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Registers\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
|
|
"struct Registers {\n"
|
|
" dr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n"
|
|
" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n"
|
|
" fr: Flags,\n"
|
|
" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n"
|
|
" ilpr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" ibrd: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" fbrd: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" lcr_h: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" cr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" ifls: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" imsc: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" ris: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" mis: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" icr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" dmacr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Uart\n"
|
|
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Uart {\n"
|
|
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been "
|
|
"received.\n"
|
|
" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
|
|
" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
|
|
" None\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)."
|
|
"read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
|
|
" Some(data as u8)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Write for Uart {\n"
|
|
" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
|
|
" self.write_byte(*c);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
|
|
"// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:345
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[workspace]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"rtc\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"bitflags = \"2.0.0\"\n"
|
|
"chrono = { version = \"0.4.24\", default-features = false }\n"
|
|
"log = \"0.4.17\"\n"
|
|
"psci = \"0.1.1\"\n"
|
|
"spin = \"0.9.4\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[build-dependencies]\n"
|
|
"cc = \"1.0.73\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:365
|
|
msgid "`build.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:366
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cc::Build;\n"
|
|
"use std::env;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(target_os = \"linux\")]\n"
|
|
" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-linux-gnu\");\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"linux\"))]\n"
|
|
" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-none-elf\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Build::new()\n"
|
|
" .file(\"entry.S\")\n"
|
|
" .file(\"exceptions.S\")\n"
|
|
" .file(\"idmap.S\")\n"
|
|
" .compile(\"empty\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:398
|
|
msgid "`entry.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:399
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".macro adr_l, reg:req, sym:req\n"
|
|
"\tadrp \\reg, \\sym\n"
|
|
"\tadd \\reg, \\reg, :lo12:\\sym\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".macro mov_i, reg:req, imm:req\n"
|
|
"\tmovz \\reg, :abs_g3:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g2_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g1_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g0_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE,\t0x04\n"
|
|
".set .L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA,\t0xff\n"
|
|
".set .Lmairval, .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE | (.L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA << 8)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR0_EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_TG0_4KB, 0x0 << 14\n"
|
|
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR1_EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_TG1_4KB, 0x2 << 30\n"
|
|
"/* Disable translation table walk for TTBR1_EL1, generating a translation "
|
|
"fault instead. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_EPD1, 0x1 << 23\n"
|
|
"/* Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner sharable. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_SH_INNER, 0x3 << 12\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are outer write-back read-allocate "
|
|
"write-allocate\n"
|
|
" * cacheable.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_RGN_OWB, 0x1 << 10\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner write-back read-allocate "
|
|
"write-allocate\n"
|
|
" * cacheable.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_RGN_IWB, 0x1 << 8\n"
|
|
"/* Size offset for TTBR0_EL1 is 2**39 bytes (512 GiB). */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_T0SZ_512, 64 - 39\n"
|
|
".set .Ltcrval, .L_TCR_TG0_4KB | .L_TCR_TG1_4KB | .L_TCR_EPD1 | ."
|
|
"L_TCR_RGN_OWB\n"
|
|
".set .Ltcrval, .Ltcrval | .L_TCR_RGN_IWB | .L_TCR_SH_INNER | ."
|
|
"L_TCR_T0SZ_512\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* Stage 1 instruction access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_I, 0x1 << 12\n"
|
|
"/* SP alignment fault if SP is not aligned to a 16 byte boundary. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA, 0x1 << 3\n"
|
|
"/* Stage 1 data access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_C, 0x1 << 2\n"
|
|
"/* EL0 and EL1 stage 1 MMU enabled. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_M, 0x1 << 0\n"
|
|
"/* Privileged Access Never is unchanged on taking an exception to EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0x1 << 23\n"
|
|
"/* SETEND instruction disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0x1 << 8\n"
|
|
"/* Various IT instructions are disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD, 0x1 << 7\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1, (0x1 << 11) | (0x1 << 20) | (0x1 << 22) | (0x1 << "
|
|
"28) | (0x1 << 29)\n"
|
|
".set .Lsctlrval, .L_SCTLR_ELx_M | .L_SCTLR_ELx_C | .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA | ."
|
|
"L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED\n"
|
|
".set .Lsctlrval, .Lsctlrval | .L_SCTLR_ELx_I | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN | ."
|
|
"L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic entry point for an image. It carries out the operations "
|
|
"required to prepare the\n"
|
|
" * loaded image to be run. Specifically, it zeroes the bss section using "
|
|
"registers x25 and above,\n"
|
|
" * prepares the stack, enables floating point, and sets up the exception "
|
|
"vector. It preserves x0-x3\n"
|
|
" * for the Rust entry point, as these may contain boot parameters.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global entry\n"
|
|
"entry:\n"
|
|
"\t/* Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable MMU "
|
|
"and caches. */\n"
|
|
"\tadrp x30, idmap\n"
|
|
"\tmsr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
|
|
"\tmsr mair_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
|
|
"\t/* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
|
|
"\tbfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmsr tcr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate any "
|
|
"potentially stale\n"
|
|
"\t * local TLB entries before they start being used.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\ttlbi vmalle1\n"
|
|
"\tic iallu\n"
|
|
"\tdsb nsh\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until "
|
|
"this has completed.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tmsr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
|
|
"\torr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
|
|
"\tmsr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x30, bss_end\n"
|
|
"0:\tcmp x29, x30\n"
|
|
"\tb.hs 1f\n"
|
|
"\tstp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
|
|
"\tb 0b\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1:\t/* Prepare the stack. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
|
|
"\tmov sp, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Set up exception vector. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
"\tmsr vbar_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Call into Rust code. */\n"
|
|
"\tbl main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
|
|
"2:\twfi\n"
|
|
"\tb 2b\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:544
|
|
msgid "`exceptions.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:545
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Saves the volatile registers onto the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
|
|
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers with 18 "
|
|
"instructions\n"
|
|
" * left.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * On return, x0 and x1 are initialised to elr_el2 and spsr_el2 "
|
|
"respectively,\n"
|
|
" * which can be used as the first and second arguments of a subsequent "
|
|
"call.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro save_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\t/* Reserve stack space and save registers x0-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
|
|
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #-(8 * 24)]!\n"
|
|
"\tstp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
|
|
"\tstr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Save elr_el1 & spsr_el1. This such that we can take nested exception\n"
|
|
"\t * and still be able to unwind.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x0, elr_el1\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x1, spsr_el1\n"
|
|
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Restores the volatile registers from the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
|
|
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers while still leaving "
|
|
"18\n"
|
|
" * instructions left; if paired with save_volatile_to_stack, there are 4\n"
|
|
" * instructions to spare.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro restore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore registers x2-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
|
|
"\tldr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore registers elr_el1 & spsr_el1, using x0 & x1 as scratch. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
|
|
"\tmsr elr_el1, x0\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsr_el1, x1\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore x0 & x1, and release stack space. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp], #8 * 24\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while "
|
|
"using\n"
|
|
" * SP0. It behaves similarly to the SPx case by first switching to SPx, "
|
|
"doing\n"
|
|
" * the work, then switching back to SP0 before returning.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Switching to SPx and calling the Rust handler takes 16 instructions. To\n"
|
|
" * restore and return we need an additional 16 instructions, so we can "
|
|
"implement\n"
|
|
" * the whole handler within the allotted 32 instructions.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro current_exception_sp0 handler:req\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsel, #1\n"
|
|
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\tbl \\handler\n"
|
|
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsel, #0\n"
|
|
"\teret\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while "
|
|
"using\n"
|
|
" * SPx. It saves volatile registers, calls the Rust handler, restores "
|
|
"volatile\n"
|
|
" * registers, then returns.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * This also works for exceptions taken from EL0, if we don't care about\n"
|
|
" * non-volatile registers.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Saving state and jumping to the Rust handler takes 15 instructions, and\n"
|
|
" * restoring and returning also takes 15 instructions, so we can fit the "
|
|
"whole\n"
|
|
" * handler in 30 instructions, under the limit of 32.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro current_exception_spx handler:req\n"
|
|
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\tbl \\handler\n"
|
|
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\teret\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".section .text.vector_table_el1, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
".balign 0x800\n"
|
|
"vector_table_el1:\n"
|
|
"sync_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 sync_exception_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 irq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 fiq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 serr_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_exception_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:726
|
|
msgid "`idmap.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:727
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK, 0x1\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_PAGE, 0x3\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_TABLE, 0x3\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* Access flag. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_AF, 0x1 << 10\n"
|
|
"/* Not global. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_NG, 0x1 << 11\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_XN, 0x3 << 53\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_MT_DEV, 0x0 << 2\t\t\t// MAIR #0 (DEV_nGnRE)\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_MT_MEM, (0x1 << 2) | (0x3 << 8)\t// MAIR #1 (MEM_WBWA), inner "
|
|
"shareable\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_BLOCK_DEV, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_DEV | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_XN\n"
|
|
".set .L_BLOCK_MEM, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_MEM | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_NG\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".section \".rodata.idmap\", \"a\", %progbits\n"
|
|
".global idmap\n"
|
|
".align 12\n"
|
|
"idmap:\n"
|
|
"\t/* level 1 */\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x0\t\t // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_MEM | 0x40000000\t// 1 GiB of DRAM\n"
|
|
"\t.fill\t\t254, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 254 GiB of unmapped VA space\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x4000000000 // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
|
|
"\t.fill\t\t255, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 255 GiB of remaining VA space\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:772
|
|
msgid "`image.ld` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:773
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```ld\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Code will start running at this symbol which is placed at the start of "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" * image.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"ENTRY(entry)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"MEMORY\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
"\timage : ORIGIN = 0x40080000, LENGTH = 2M\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"SECTIONS\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together the code.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.init : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\ttext_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.init.entry)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.init.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\t.text : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.text.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\ttext_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together read-only data.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.rodata : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\trodata_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.rodata.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\t.got : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.got)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\trodata_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together the read-write data including .bss at the end which\n"
|
|
"\t * will be zero'd by the entry code.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.data : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tdata_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.data.*)\n"
|
|
"\t\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t\t * The entry point code assumes that .data is a multiple of 32\n"
|
|
"\t\t * bytes long.\n"
|
|
"\t\t */\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(32);\n"
|
|
"\t\tdata_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Everything beyond this point will not be included in the binary. */\n"
|
|
"\tbin_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* The entry point code assumes that .bss is 16-byte aligned. */\n"
|
|
"\t.bss : ALIGN(16) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tbss_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.bss.*)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(COMMON)\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(16);\n"
|
|
"\t\tbss_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t.stack (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tboot_stack_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t. += 40 * 4096;\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(4096);\n"
|
|
"\t\tboot_stack_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t. = ALIGN(4K);\n"
|
|
"\tPROVIDE(dma_region = .);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Remove unused sections from the image.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t/DISCARD/ : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t/* The image loads itself so doesn't need these sections. */\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.gnu.hash)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.hash)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.interp)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.eh_frame_hdr)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.eh_frame)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.note.gnu.build-id)\n"
|
|
"\t}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:880
|
|
msgid "`Makefile` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:881
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```makefile\n"
|
|
"# Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"#\n"
|
|
"# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"#\n"
|
|
"# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"#\n"
|
|
"# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"# limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"UNAME := $(shell uname -s)\n"
|
|
"ifeq ($(UNAME),Linux)\n"
|
|
"\tTARGET = aarch64-linux-gnu\n"
|
|
"else\n"
|
|
"\tTARGET = aarch64-none-elf\n"
|
|
"endif\n"
|
|
"OBJCOPY = $(TARGET)-objcopy\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".PHONY: build qemu_minimal qemu qemu_logger\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"all: rtc.bin\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"build:\n"
|
|
"\tcargo build\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rtc.bin: build\n"
|
|
"\t$(OBJCOPY) -O binary target/aarch64-unknown-none/debug/rtc $@\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"qemu: rtc.bin\n"
|
|
"\tqemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt -cpu max -serial mon:stdio -display none "
|
|
"-kernel $< -s\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"clean:\n"
|
|
"\tcargo clean\n"
|
|
"\trm -f *.bin\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:923
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[build]\n"
|
|
"target = \"aarch64-unknown-none\"\n"
|
|
"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Timage.ld\"]\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:929
|
|
msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Solutions"
|
|
msgstr "# Λύσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages."
|
|
msgstr "Θα βρείτε λύσεις στις ασκήσεις στις επόμενες σελίδες."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on\n"
|
|
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us "
|
|
"know\n"
|
|
"if you have a different or better solution than what is presented here."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μη διστάσετε να κάνετε ερωτήσεις σχετικά με τις λύσεις [on\n"
|
|
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Ενημέρωσέ "
|
|
"μας\n"
|
|
"εάν έχετε διαφορετική ή καλύτερη λύση από αυτή που παρουσιάζεται εδώ."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> **Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label`\n"
|
|
"> comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to\n"
|
|
"> re-use parts of the solutions as the exercises."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> **Σημείωση:** Αγνοήστε τα \"// ANCHOR: label\" και \"// ANCHOR_END: "
|
|
"label\"\n"
|
|
"> σχόλια που βλέπετε στις λύσεις. Είναι εκεί για να το κάνουν δυνατό\n"
|
|
"> επαναχρησιμοποιήστε μέρη των λύσεων ως ασκήσεις."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Day 1 Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Πρωινές ασκήσεις 1ης ημέρας"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Arrays and `for` Loops"
|
|
msgstr "## Πίνακες και βρόχοι «for»."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](for-loops.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: transpose\n"
|
|
"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n"
|
|
" let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
" for j in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
" result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" return result;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n"
|
|
"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n"
|
|
" for row in matrix {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{row:?}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: tests\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_transpose() {\n"
|
|
" let matrix = [\n"
|
|
" [101, 102, 103], //\n"
|
|
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
" transposed,\n"
|
|
" [\n"
|
|
" [101, 201, 301], //\n"
|
|
" [102, 202, 302],\n"
|
|
" [103, 203, 303],\n"
|
|
" ]\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: tests\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let matrix = [\n"
|
|
" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
|
|
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:78
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "### Bonus question"
|
|
msgstr "## Ερώτηση μπόνους"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:80
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a slice-"
|
|
"of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus make our "
|
|
"function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks down: the "
|
|
"return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the data you return."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ειλικρινά δεν λειτουργεί τόσο καλά. Μπορεί να φαίνεται ότι θα μπορούσαμε να "
|
|
"χρησιμοποιήσουμε ένα slice-of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) ως τύπο εισόδου για να "
|
|
"μεταφέρουμε και έτσι να κάνουμε τη συνάρτησή μας να χειρίζεται οποιοδήποτε "
|
|
"μέγεθος πίνακα. Ωστόσο, αυτό αναλύεται γρήγορα: ο τύπος επιστροφής δεν "
|
|
"μπορεί να είναι \"&[&[i32]]\", καθώς πρέπει να είναι κάτοχος των δεδομένων "
|
|
"που επιστρέφετε."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:82
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can attempt to use something like `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, but this doesn't work "
|
|
"out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec<Vec<i32>>` to "
|
|
"`&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Μπορείτε να επιχειρήσετε να χρησιμοποιήσετε κάτι σαν `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, αλλά "
|
|
"ούτε αυτό λειτουργεί πολύ καλά: είναι δύσκολο να μετατρέψετε από "
|
|
"`Vec<Vec<i32>>` σε `&[&[i32]] Έτσι τώρα δεν μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε "
|
|
"εύκολα ούτε το \"pretty_print\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:84
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::convert::"
|
|
"AsRef`][1] trait to abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:86
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"use std::convert::AsRef;\n"
|
|
"use std::fmt::Debug;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn pretty_print<T, Line, Matrix>(matrix: Matrix)\n"
|
|
"where\n"
|
|
" T: Debug,\n"
|
|
" // A line references a slice of items\n"
|
|
" Line: AsRef<[T]>,\n"
|
|
" // A matrix references a slice of lines\n"
|
|
" Matrix: AsRef<[Line]>\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
" for row in matrix.as_ref() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", row.as_ref());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // &[&[i32]]\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n"
|
|
" // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n"
|
|
" pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n"
|
|
" // Vec<Vec<i32>>\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:113
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are of "
|
|
"the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Επιπλέον, ο ίδιος ο τύπος δεν θα επιβάλλει ότι οι θυγατρικές φέτες έχουν το "
|
|
"ίδιο μήκος, επομένως μια τέτοια μεταβλητή θα μπορούσε να περιέχει έναν μη "
|
|
"έγκυρο πίνακα."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Day 1 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# 1η ημέρα Απογευματινές Ασκήσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Designing a Library"
|
|
msgstr "## Σχεδιασμός Βιβλιοθήκης"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](book-library.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
"struct Library {\n"
|
|
" books: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Book {\n"
|
|
" title: String,\n"
|
|
" year: u16,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Book {\n"
|
|
" // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
|
|
" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
|
|
" Book {\n"
|
|
" title: String::from(title),\n"
|
|
" year,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n"
|
|
"impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n"
|
|
" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
" write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Library_new\n"
|
|
"impl Library {\n"
|
|
" fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n"
|
|
" Library { books: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_len\n"
|
|
" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n"
|
|
" fn len(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" self.books.len()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n"
|
|
" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n"
|
|
" fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" self.books.is_empty()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n"
|
|
" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
" // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n"
|
|
" fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
" self.books.push(book)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n"
|
|
" //fn print_books(self) {\n"
|
|
" // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n"
|
|
" fn print_books(&self) {\n"
|
|
" for book in &self.books {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", book);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n"
|
|
" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
" // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n"
|
|
" fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
" self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
|
|
"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
|
|
"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
|
|
"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"Our library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let favorite_book = Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Our favorite book {favorite_book} should go in the "
|
|
"library\");\n"
|
|
" //library.add_book(favorite_book);\n"
|
|
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
"1865));\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //library.print_books();\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
" // Some(book) => println!(\"My oldest book is {book}\"),\n"
|
|
" // None => println!(\"My library is empty!\"),\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"Our library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
|
|
" for book in library.books {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{book}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_library_len() {\n"
|
|
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n"
|
|
" assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
"1865));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n"
|
|
" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_library_is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
" assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_library_print_books() {\n"
|
|
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
"1865));\n"
|
|
" // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n"
|
|
" // method to start with.\n"
|
|
" library.print_books();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
" assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
"1865));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\")\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Day 2 Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# 2η ημέρα Πρωινές ασκήσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Points and Polygons"
|
|
msgstr "## Σημεία και πολύγωνα"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](points-polygons.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Point\n"
|
|
"pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Point\n"
|
|
" x: i32,\n"
|
|
" y: i32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n"
|
|
"impl Point {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n"
|
|
" pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n"
|
|
" Point { x, y }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" (self - other).magnitude()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
|
|
" type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" x: self.x + other.x,\n"
|
|
" y: self.y + other.y,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n"
|
|
" type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" x: self.x - other.x,\n"
|
|
" y: self.y - other.y,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Polygon\n"
|
|
"pub struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n"
|
|
" points: Vec<Point>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n"
|
|
"impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n"
|
|
" pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n"
|
|
" Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n"
|
|
" self.points.push(point);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option<Point> {\n"
|
|
" self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Point> {\n"
|
|
" self.points.iter()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" if self.points.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return 0.0;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut result = 0.0;\n"
|
|
" let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n"
|
|
" for point in &self.points[1..] {\n"
|
|
" result += last_point.dist(*point);\n"
|
|
" last_point = *point;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n"
|
|
" result\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Circle\n"
|
|
"pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n"
|
|
" center: Point,\n"
|
|
" radius: i32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n"
|
|
"impl Circle {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n"
|
|
" pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n"
|
|
" Circle { center, radius }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" self.center.dist(other.center)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Shape\n"
|
|
"pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
" Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
" Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Shape\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl From<Polygon> for Shape {\n"
|
|
" fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Shape::Polygon(poly)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl From<Circle> for Shape {\n"
|
|
" fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Shape::Circle(circle)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Shape {\n"
|
|
" pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" match self {\n"
|
|
" Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n"
|
|
" Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
"mod tests {\n"
|
|
" use super::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_dist() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_add() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
" let shapes = vec![\n"
|
|
" Shape::from(poly),\n"
|
|
" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" let perimeters = shapes\n"
|
|
" .iter()\n"
|
|
" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
|
|
" .map(round_two_digits)\n"
|
|
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Day 2 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# 2η μέρα Απογευματινές Ασκήσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Luhn Algorithm"
|
|
msgstr "## Αλγόριθμος Luhn"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](luhn.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: luhn\n"
|
|
"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n"
|
|
" let mut digits_seen = 0;\n"
|
|
" let mut sum = 0;\n"
|
|
" for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ')."
|
|
"enumerate() {\n"
|
|
" match ch.to_digit(10) {\n"
|
|
" Some(d) => {\n"
|
|
" sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n"
|
|
" let dd = d * 2;\n"
|
|
" dd / 10 + dd % 10\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" d\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" digits_seen += 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" None => return false,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" if digits_seen < 2 {\n"
|
|
" return false;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" sum % 10 == 0\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\n"
|
|
" \"Is {} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n"
|
|
" cc_number,\n"
|
|
" if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:98
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Strings and Iterators"
|
|
msgstr "## Συμβολοσειρές και επαναλήπτες"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:100
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](strings-iterators.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:102
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n"
|
|
"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n"
|
|
" let prefixes = prefix.split('/');\n"
|
|
" let request_paths = request_path\n"
|
|
" .split('/')\n"
|
|
" .map(|p| Some(p))\n"
|
|
" .chain(std::iter::once(None));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for (prefix, request_path) in prefixes.zip(request_paths) {\n"
|
|
" match request_path {\n"
|
|
" Some(request_path) => {\n"
|
|
" if (prefix != \"*\") && (prefix != request_path) {\n"
|
|
" return false;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" None => return false,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" true\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/"
|
|
"abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/"
|
|
"books\"));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/"
|
|
"publishers\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/"
|
|
"publishers\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Day 3 Morning Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "# 3η ημέρα Πρωινή άσκηση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## A Simple GUI Library"
|
|
msgstr "## Μια απλή βιβλιοθήκη GUI"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](simple-gui.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
"pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
" /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
|
|
" fn draw(&self) {\n"
|
|
" let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
|
|
" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
" label: String,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Label {\n"
|
|
" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
" Label {\n"
|
|
" label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Button {\n"
|
|
" label: Label,\n"
|
|
" callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Button {\n"
|
|
" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
|
|
" Button {\n"
|
|
" label: Label::new(label),\n"
|
|
" callback,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Window {\n"
|
|
" title: String,\n"
|
|
" widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Window {\n"
|
|
" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
|
|
" Window {\n"
|
|
" title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
" widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
|
|
" self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Window-width\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n"
|
|
" std::cmp::max(\n"
|
|
" self.title.chars().count(),\n"
|
|
" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
" let mut inner = String::new();\n"
|
|
" for widget in &self.widgets {\n"
|
|
" widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let window_width = self.width();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n"
|
|
" // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n"
|
|
" // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<window_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"| {:^window_width$} |\", &self.title).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+={:=<window_width$}=+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" for line in inner.lines() {\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"| {:window_width$} |\", line).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<window_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Button-width\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n"
|
|
" self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
" let width = self.width();\n"
|
|
" let mut label = String::new();\n"
|
|
" self.label.draw_into(&mut label);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" for line in label.lines() {\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"|{:^width$}|\", &line).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Label-width\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n"
|
|
" self.label\n"
|
|
" .lines()\n"
|
|
" .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n"
|
|
" .max()\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or(0)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo."
|
|
"\")));\n"
|
|
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
|
|
" \"Click me!\",\n"
|
|
" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
|
|
" )));\n"
|
|
" window.draw();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Day 3 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# 3η ημέρα Απογευματινές Ασκήσεις"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Safe FFI Wrapper"
|
|
msgstr "## Ασφαλές περιτύλιγμα FFI"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: ffi\n"
|
|
"mod ffi {\n"
|
|
" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct DIR {\n"
|
|
" _data: [u8; 0],\n"
|
|
" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::"
|
|
"PhantomPinned)>,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Layout as per readdir(3) and definitions in /usr/include/x86_64-linux-"
|
|
"gnu.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
" pub d_ino: c_long,\n"
|
|
" pub d_off: c_ulong,\n"
|
|
" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
|
|
" pub d_type: c_char,\n"
|
|
" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
|
|
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
|
|
"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" path: CString,\n"
|
|
" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: ffi\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n"
|
|
"impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n"
|
|
" let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid path: "
|
|
"{err}\"))?;\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n"
|
|
" let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n"
|
|
" if dir.is_null() {\n"
|
|
" Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Iterator\n"
|
|
"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n"
|
|
" let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n"
|
|
" if dirent.is_null() {\n"
|
|
" // We have reached the end of the directory.\n"
|
|
" return None;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n"
|
|
" // terminated.\n"
|
|
" let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n"
|
|
" let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n"
|
|
" Some(os_str.to_owned())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Drop\n"
|
|
"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
" // Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n"
|
|
" if !self.dir.is_null() {\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n"
|
|
" if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n"
|
|
" panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
|
|
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Day 4 Morning Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "# 4η ημέρα Πρωινή άσκηση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Dining Philosophers"
|
|
msgstr "## Dining Philosophers"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](dining-philosophers.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-4/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Fork;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n"
|
|
" left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
" right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
" thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n"
|
|
"impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
" self.thoughts\n"
|
|
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n"
|
|
" fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
" let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n"
|
|
" .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n"
|
|
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..forks.len() {\n"
|
|
" let tx = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
" let mut left_fork = forks[i].clone();\n"
|
|
" let mut right_fork = forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()].clone();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
|
|
" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
|
|
" // either of them.\n"
|
|
" if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n"
|
|
" std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let philosopher = Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n"
|
|
" thoughts: tx,\n"
|
|
" left_fork,\n"
|
|
" right_fork,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" for _ in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
" philosopher.eat();\n"
|
|
" philosopher.think();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" drop(tx);\n"
|
|
" for thought in rx {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thought}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "# 3η ημέρα Πρωινή άσκηση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Compass"
|
|
msgstr "# Σύγκριση"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](for-loops.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: top\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: top\n"
|
|
"use core::cmp::{max, min};\n"
|
|
"use lsm303agr::{AccelOutputDataRate, Lsm303agr, MagOutputDataRate};\n"
|
|
"use microbit::{\n"
|
|
" display::blocking::Display,\n"
|
|
" hal::{\n"
|
|
" prelude::*,\n"
|
|
" twim::Twim,\n"
|
|
" uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte},\n"
|
|
" Timer,\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" pac::twim0::frequency::FREQUENCY_A,\n"
|
|
" Board,\n"
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const COMPASS_SCALE: i32 = 30000;\n"
|
|
"const ACCELEROMETER_SCALE: i32 = 700;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Configure serial port.\n"
|
|
" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
|
|
" board.UARTE0,\n"
|
|
" board.uart.into(),\n"
|
|
" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
|
|
" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
" writeln!(serial, \"Setting up IMU...\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let i2c = Twim::new(board.TWIM0, board.i2c_internal.into(), FREQUENCY_A::"
|
|
"K100);\n"
|
|
" let mut imu = Lsm303agr::new_with_i2c(i2c);\n"
|
|
" imu.init().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" imu.set_mag_odr(MagOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" imu.set_accel_odr(AccelOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let mut imu = imu.into_mag_continuous().ok().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set up display and timer.\n"
|
|
" let mut timer = Timer::new(board.TIMER0);\n"
|
|
" let mut display = Display::new(board.display_pins);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut mode = Mode::Compass;\n"
|
|
" let mut button_pressed = false;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: loop\n"
|
|
" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: loop\n"
|
|
" while !(imu.mag_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data\n"
|
|
" && imu.accel_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data)\n"
|
|
" {}\n"
|
|
" let compass_reading = imu.mag_data().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let accelerometer_reading = imu.accel_data().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" writeln!(\n"
|
|
" serial,\n"
|
|
" \"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\",\n"
|
|
" compass_reading.x,\n"
|
|
" compass_reading.y,\n"
|
|
" compass_reading.z,\n"
|
|
" accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
|
|
" accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
|
|
" accelerometer_reading.z,\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut image = [[0; 5]; 5];\n"
|
|
" let (x, y) = match mode {\n"
|
|
" Mode::Compass => (\n"
|
|
" scale(-compass_reading.x, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, "
|
|
"4) as usize,\n"
|
|
" scale(compass_reading.y, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, "
|
|
"4) as usize,\n"
|
|
" ),\n"
|
|
" Mode::Accelerometer => (\n"
|
|
" scale(\n"
|
|
" accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
|
|
" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
" 0,\n"
|
|
" 4,\n"
|
|
" ) as usize,\n"
|
|
" scale(\n"
|
|
" -accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
|
|
" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
" 0,\n"
|
|
" 4,\n"
|
|
" ) as usize,\n"
|
|
" ),\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" image[y][x] = 255;\n"
|
|
" display.show(&mut timer, image, 100);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink "
|
|
"all LEDs on.\n"
|
|
" if board.buttons.button_a.is_low().unwrap() {\n"
|
|
" if !button_pressed {\n"
|
|
" mode = mode.next();\n"
|
|
" display.show(&mut timer, [[255; 5]; 5], 200);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" button_pressed = true;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" button_pressed = false;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
"enum Mode {\n"
|
|
" Compass,\n"
|
|
" Accelerometer,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Mode {\n"
|
|
" fn next(self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" match self {\n"
|
|
" Self::Compass => Self::Accelerometer,\n"
|
|
" Self::Accelerometer => Self::Compass,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn scale(value: i32, min_in: i32, max_in: i32, min_out: i32, max_out: i32) -"
|
|
"> i32 {\n"
|
|
" let range_in = max_in - min_in;\n"
|
|
" let range_out = max_out - min_out;\n"
|
|
" cap(\n"
|
|
" min_out + range_out * (value - min_in) / range_in,\n"
|
|
" min_out,\n"
|
|
" max_out,\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn cap(value: i32, min_value: i32, max_value: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" max(min_value, min(value, max_value))\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Bare Metal Rust Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "## RTC driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](luhn.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid "`main.rs`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: top\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"mod logger;\n"
|
|
"mod pl011;\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: top\n"
|
|
"mod pl031;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl031::Rtc;\n"
|
|
"use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: imports\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
"use psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"pub const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: imports\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n"
|
|
"pub const PL031_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x901_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
|
|
"device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 "
|
|
"device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let rtc = unsafe { Rtc::new(PL031_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" let time = Utc.timestamp_opt(rtc.read().into(), 0).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" info!(\"RTC: {}\", time);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: main_end\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"{}\", info);\n"
|
|
" system_off().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: main_end\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:79
|
|
msgid "`pl031.rs`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:81
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::ptr::addr_of;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
|
|
"struct Registers {\n"
|
|
" /// Data register\n"
|
|
" dr: u32,\n"
|
|
" /// Match register\n"
|
|
" mr: u32,\n"
|
|
" /// Load register\n"
|
|
" lr: u32,\n"
|
|
" /// Control register\n"
|
|
" cr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved0: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" /// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n"
|
|
" imsc: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved1: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" /// Raw Interrupt Status\n"
|
|
" ris: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved2: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" /// Masked Interrupt Status\n"
|
|
" mis: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" /// Interrupt Clear Register\n"
|
|
" icr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved4: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"pub struct Rtc {\n"
|
|
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Rtc {\n"
|
|
" /// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Reads the current RTC value.\n"
|
|
" pub fn read(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
|
|
"// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
"unsafe impl Send for Rtc {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "1. Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included "
|
|
#~ "speaker notes\n"
|
|
#~ " on some of the pages to help highlight the key points (please help us "
|
|
#~ "by\n"
|
|
#~ " contributing more speaker notes!). You should make sure to open the "
|
|
#~ "speaker\n"
|
|
#~ " notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to "
|
|
#~ "\"Speaker\n"
|
|
#~ " Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "1. Εξοικειωθείτε με το υλικό του μαθήματος. Έχουμε συμπεριλάβει "
|
|
#~ "σημειώσεις ομιλητή\n"
|
|
#~ " σε ορισμένες από τις σελίδες για να τονίσουμε τα βασικά σημεία "
|
|
#~ "(παρακαλούμε βοηθήστε μας να\n"
|
|
#~ " συνεισφέροντας περισσότερες σημειώσεις ομιλητή!). Θα πρέπει να "
|
|
#~ "φροντίσετε να ανοίξετε τις σημειώσεις\n"
|
|
#~ " σε ένα αναδυόμενο παράθυρο (κάντε κλικ στο σύνδεσμο με ένα μικρό βέλος "
|
|
#~ "δίπλα στο \"Speaker\n"
|
|
#~ " Notes\"). Με αυτόν τον τρόπο θα έχετε μια καθαρή οθόνη για να "
|
|
#~ "παρουσιάσετε στην τάξη."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "2. Decide on the dates. Since the course is large, we recommend that you\n"
|
|
#~ " schedule the four days over two weeks. Course participants have said "
|
|
#~ "that\n"
|
|
#~ " they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them "
|
|
#~ "process\n"
|
|
#~ " all the information we give them."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "2. Αποφασίστε τις ημερομηνίες. Επειδή το μάθημα είναι μεγάλο, σας "
|
|
#~ "συνιστούμε να το απλώσετε\n"
|
|
#~ " τις τέσσερις ημέρες σε δύο εβδομάδες. Οι συμμετέχοντες στο μάθημα το "
|
|
#~ "θεωρούν γενικά\n"
|
|
#~ " χρήσιμο να έχουν ένα κενό στο μεταξύ των παραδόσεων, καθώς τους βοηθά "
|
|
#~ "να επεξεργαστούν\n"
|
|
#~ " όλες τις πληροφορίες που τους δίνουμε."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "3. Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend "
|
|
#~ "a\n"
|
|
#~ " class size of 15-20 people. That's small enough that people are "
|
|
#~ "comfortable\n"
|
|
#~ " asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will "
|
|
#~ "have\n"
|
|
#~ " time to answer the questions."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "3. Βρείτε ένα δωμάτιο αρκετά μεγάλο για τους φυσικούς σας συμμετέχοντες. "
|
|
#~ "Συνιστούμε τάξεις μεγέθους 15-20 άτομα. Είναι αρκετά μικρό ώστε οι "
|
|
#~ "συμμετέχοντες να νιώθουν άνετα\n"
|
|
#~ " κάνοντας ερωτήσεις --- αλλά και ο εκπαιδευτής\n"
|
|
#~ " να έχει χρόνο να απαντήσει στις ερωτήσεις."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "4. On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set "
|
|
#~ "things\n"
|
|
#~ " up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on "
|
|
#~ "your\n"
|
|
#~ " laptop (see the [installation instructions][5]). This ensures optimal "
|
|
#~ "performance with no lag as you change pages.\n"
|
|
#~ " Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as you or the "
|
|
#~ "course\n"
|
|
#~ " participants spot them."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "4. Την ημέρα του μαθήματος, πηγαίνετε στην αίθουσα λίγο νωρίς για να "
|
|
#~ "προετοιμαστείτε.\n"
|
|
#~ " Συνιστούμε την απευθείας παρουσίαση χρησιμοποιώντας την υπηρεσία "
|
|
#~ "\"mdbook serve\" που θα τρέξετε στον δικό σας\n"
|
|
#~ " λάπτοπ(βλέπε τις [οδηγίες εγκατάστασης][5]. Αυτό εξασφαλίζει βέλτιστη "
|
|
#~ "απόδοση χωρίς καθυστέρηση μεταξύ των σελίδων.\n"
|
|
#~ " Η χρήση του φορητού υπολογιστή σας θα σας επιτρέψει επίσης να "
|
|
#~ "διορθώσετε τυπογραφικά λάθη όταν εσείς ή οι συμμετέχοντες\n"
|
|
#~ " τα εντοπίζετε."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "5. Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. Make "
|
|
#~ "sure to\n"
|
|
#~ " ask people if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. "
|
|
#~ "When\n"
|
|
#~ " you see that several people have the same problem, call it out to the "
|
|
#~ "class\n"
|
|
#~ " and offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the "
|
|
#~ "relevant\n"
|
|
#~ " information in the standard library."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "5. Αφήστε τους συμμετέχοντες να λύσουν τις ασκήσεις μόνοι τους ή σε "
|
|
#~ "μικρές ομάδες. Να ρωτάτε περιοδικά τους μαθητές αν έχουν κολλήσει ή αν "
|
|
#~ "υπάρχει κάτι με το οποίο μπορείτε να βοηθήσετε. Οταν\n"
|
|
#~ " βλέπετε ότι πολλοί άνθρωποι έχουν το ίδιο πρόβλημα, αναφέρετέ το στην "
|
|
#~ "τάξη\n"
|
|
#~ " βρείτε μια λύση, π.χ., δείχνοντας στους ανθρώπους πώς να ψάξουν για "
|
|
#~ "σχετικές\n"
|
|
#~ " πληροφορίες στην standard βιβλιοθήκη."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "> **Exercise for Day 4:** Do you interface with some C/C++ code in your "
|
|
#~ "project\n"
|
|
#~ "> which we could attempt to move to Rust? The fewer dependencies the "
|
|
#~ "better.\n"
|
|
#~ "> Parsing code would be ideal."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "> **Άσκηση για την 4η Ημέρα:** Διασυνδέεστε με κώδικα C/C++ στο πρότζεκτ "
|
|
#~ "σας\n"
|
|
#~ "> που θα μπορούσαμε να προσπαθήσουμε να μεταφέρουμε στο Rust; Όσο "
|
|
#~ "λιγότερες εξαρτήσεις τόσο το καλύτερο.\n"
|
|
#~ "> Η ανάλυση του κώδικα θα ήταν ιδανικό παράδειγμα."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://code.visualstudio.com/\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://rustup.rs/\n"
|
|
#~ "[4]: https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/\n"
|
|
#~ "[5]: https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/\n"
|
|
#~ "[6]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://code.visualstudio.com/\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://rustup.rs/\n"
|
|
#~ "[4]: https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/\n"
|
|
#~ "[5]: https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* `rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and "
|
|
#~ "other\n"
|
|
#~ " intermediate formats."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* `rustc`: ο μεταγλωττιστής Rust που μετατρέπει τα αρχεία `.rs` σε "
|
|
#~ "δυαδικά και άλλα\n"
|
|
#~ " ενδιάμεσες μορφές[^rustc]."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* `cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how "
|
|
#~ "to\n"
|
|
#~ " download dependencies hosted on <https://crates.io> and it will pass "
|
|
#~ "them to\n"
|
|
#~ " `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a built-in "
|
|
#~ "test\n"
|
|
#~ " runner which is used to execute unit tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* «cargo»: ο διαχειριστής εξάρτησης Rust και το εργαλείο κατασκευής. Το "
|
|
#~ "φορτίο ξέρει πώς να\n"
|
|
#~ " κατεβάστε τις εξαρτήσεις που φιλοξενούνται στο <https://crates.io> και "
|
|
#~ "θα τις μεταβιβάσει\n"
|
|
#~ " «rustc» κατά την κατασκευή του έργου σας. Το Cargo συνοδεύεται επίσης "
|
|
#~ "από ενσωματωμένη δοκιμή\n"
|
|
#~ " runner που χρησιμοποιείται για την εκτέλεση δοκιμών μονάδας[^cargo]."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out\n"
|
|
#~ " every six weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with\n"
|
|
#~ " old releases --- plus they enable new functionality."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Το Rust έχει ένα γρήγορο πρόγραμμα κυκλοφορίας με μια νέα κυκλοφορία να "
|
|
#~ "κυκλοφορεί\n"
|
|
#~ " κάθε έξι εβδομάδες. Οι νέες εκδόσεις διατηρούν συμβατότητα προς τα πίσω "
|
|
#~ "με\n"
|
|
#~ " παλιές εκδόσεις --- συν ότι επιτρέπουν νέες λειτουργίες."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Υπάρχουν τρία κανάλια κυκλοφορίας: \"σταθερό\", \"beta\" και "
|
|
#~ "\"νυχτερινό\"."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes\n"
|
|
#~ " \"stable\" every six weeks."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Νέες δυνατότητες δοκιμάζονται σε \"νυχτερινό\", \"beta\" είναι αυτό που "
|
|
#~ "γίνεται\n"
|
|
#~ " «σταθερό» κάθε έξι εβδομάδες."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Rust also has [editions]: the current edition is Rust 2021. Previous\n"
|
|
#~ " editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Το Rust έχει επίσης [εκδόσεις]: η τρέχουσα έκδοση είναι Rust 2021. "
|
|
#~ "Προηγούμενο\n"
|
|
#~ " οι εκδόσεις ήταν Rust 2015 και Rust 2018."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " * The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to\n"
|
|
#~ " the language."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " * Οι εκδόσεις επιτρέπεται να κάνουν προς τα πίσω μη συμβατές αλλαγές\n"
|
|
#~ " η γλώσσα."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " * To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the\n"
|
|
#~ " edition for your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " * Για να αποφευχθεί η παραβίαση του κώδικα, οι εκδόσεις επιλέγονται: "
|
|
#~ "επιλέγετε το\n"
|
|
#~ " έκδοση για το κλουβί σας μέσω του αρχείου «Cargo.toml»."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " * To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code\n"
|
|
#~ " written for different editions."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " * Για να αποφευχθεί η διάσπαση του οικοσυστήματος, οι μεταγλωττιστές "
|
|
#~ "Rust μπορούν να συνδυάσουν κώδικα\n"
|
|
#~ " γραμμένο για διαφορετικές εκδόσεις."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " * Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not "
|
|
#~ "through `cargo` (most users never do)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " * Αναφέρετε ότι είναι πολύ σπάνιο να χρησιμοποιήσετε ποτέ τον "
|
|
#~ "μεταγλωττιστή απευθείας όχι μέσω «cargo» (οι περισσότεροι χρήστες δεν το "
|
|
#~ "κάνουν ποτέ)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " * It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful "
|
|
#~ "and comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features "
|
|
#~ "including but not limited to: \n"
|
|
#~ " * Project/package structure\n"
|
|
#~ " * [workspaces]\n"
|
|
#~ " * Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching\n"
|
|
#~ " * [build scripting]\n"
|
|
#~ " * [global installation]\n"
|
|
#~ " * It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as "
|
|
#~ "[cargo clippy]).\n"
|
|
#~ " * Read more from the [official Cargo Book]"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " * Ίσως αξίζει να αναφέρουμε ότι το ίδιο το Cargo είναι ένα εξαιρετικά "
|
|
#~ "ισχυρό και ολοκληρωμένο εργαλείο. Είναι ικανό για πολλά προηγμένα "
|
|
#~ "χαρακτηριστικά, όπως ενδεικτικά:\n"
|
|
#~ " * Δομή έργου/πακέτου\n"
|
|
#~ " * [χώροι εργασίας]\n"
|
|
#~ " * Εξαρτήσεις προγραμματιστή και διαχείριση/αποθήκευση εξαρτήσεων "
|
|
#~ "χρόνου εκτέλεσης\n"
|
|
#~ " * [κατασκευή σεναρίων]\n"
|
|
#~ " * [καθολική εγκατάσταση]\n"
|
|
#~ " * Είναι επίσης επεκτάσιμο με πρόσθετα δευτερευουσών εντολών (όπως "
|
|
#~ "[cargo clippy]).\n"
|
|
#~ " * Διαβάστε περισσότερα από το [επίσημο βιβλίο φορτίου]"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[editions]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[εκδόσεις]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[workspaces]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[χώροι εργασίας]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces."
|
|
#~ "html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[build scripting]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-"
|
|
#~ "scripts.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[build scripting]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-"
|
|
#~ "scripts.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[global installation]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-"
|
|
#~ "install.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[παγκόσμια εγκατάσταση]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-"
|
|
#~ "install.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[cargo clippy]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[cargo clippy]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[official Cargo Book]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[επίσημο βιβλίο φορτίου]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the\n"
|
|
#~ " code and open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Οι ενσωματωμένες παιδικές χαρές δεν μπορούν να εκτελέσουν δοκιμές "
|
|
#~ "μονάδων. Αντιγραφή-επικόλληση το\n"
|
|
#~ " κωδικοποιήστε και ανοίξτε το στην πραγματική παιδική χαρά για να "
|
|
#~ "επιδείξετε δοκιμές μονάδων."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "1. Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "1. Κάντε κλικ στο κουμπί \"Αντιγραφή στο πρόχειρο\" στο παράδειγμα που "
|
|
#~ "θέλετε να αντιγράψετε."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "2. Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for "
|
|
#~ "your code:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "2. Χρησιμοποιήστε το «cargo new exercise» για να δημιουργήσετε έναν νέο "
|
|
#~ "κατάλογο «exercise/» για τον κώδικά σας:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "3. Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your "
|
|
#~ "binary:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
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#~ "3. Πλοηγηθείτε στο «άσκηση/» και χρησιμοποιήστε το «cargo run» για να "
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#~ "δημιουργήσετε και να εκτελέσετε το δυαδικό σας αρχείο:"
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#, fuzzy
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#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "4. Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. "
|
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#~ "For\n"
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#~ " example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` "
|
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#~ "look like"
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#~ msgstr ""
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#~ "4. Αντικαταστήστε τον κωδικό λέβητα στο «src/main.rs» με τον δικό σας "
|
|
#~ "κωδικό. Για\n"
|
|
#~ " Για παράδειγμα, χρησιμοποιώντας το παράδειγμα της προηγούμενης "
|
|
#~ "σελίδας, κάντε το \"src/main.rs\" να μοιάζει"
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#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "5. Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "5. Χρησιμοποιήστε το \"cargo run\" για να δημιουργήσετε και να εκτελέσετε "
|
|
#~ "το ενημερωμένο δυαδικό σας αρχείο:"
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#, fuzzy
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#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "6. Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo "
|
|
#~ "build`\n"
|
|
#~ " to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/"
|
|
#~ "debug/`\n"
|
|
#~ " for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an "
|
|
#~ "optimized\n"
|
|
#~ " release build in `target/release/`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "6. Χρησιμοποιήστε «έλεγχος φορτίου» για να ελέγξετε γρήγορα το έργο σας "
|
|
#~ "για σφάλματα, χρησιμοποιήστε «κατασκευή φορτίου».\n"
|
|
#~ " για να το μεταγλωττίσετε χωρίς να το εκτελέσετε. Θα βρείτε την έξοδο "
|
|
#~ "στο «target/debug/».\n"
|
|
#~ " για μια κανονική κατασκευή εντοπισμού σφαλμάτων. Χρησιμοποιήστε το "
|
|
#~ "\"cargo build --release\" για να δημιουργήσετε ένα βελτιστοποιημένο\n"
|
|
#~ " έκδοση build σε `target/release/`."
|
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#, fuzzy
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#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "7. You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. "
|
|
#~ "When you\n"
|
|
#~ " run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile "
|
|
#~ "missing\n"
|
|
#~ " dependencies for you."
|
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#~ msgstr ""
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#~ "7. Μπορείτε να προσθέσετε εξαρτήσεις για το έργο σας επεξεργάζοντας το "
|
|
#~ "«Cargo.toml». Οταν εσύ\n"
|
|
#~ " εκτελέστε τις εντολές «cargo», θα γίνει αυτόματα λήψη και μεταγλώττιση "
|
|
#~ "λείπει\n"
|
|
#~ " εξαρτήσεις για εσάς."
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|
#, fuzzy
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|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html"
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#, fuzzy
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#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, "
|
|
#~ "structs,\n"
|
|
#~ " references, functions, and methods."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Βασική σύνταξη Rust: μεταβλητές, βαθμωτοί και σύνθετοι τύποι, enums, "
|
|
#~ "δομές,\n"
|
|
#~ " αναφορές, συναρτήσεις και μεθόδους."
|
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|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based "
|
|
#~ "memory\n"
|
|
#~ " management, and garbage collection."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Διαχείριση μνήμης: στοίβα έναντι σωρού, χειροκίνητη διαχείριση μνήμης, "
|
|
#~ "μνήμη βάσει εμβέλειας\n"
|
|
#~ " διαχείριση και αποκομιδή σκουπιδιών."
|
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|
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#, fuzzy
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#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and "
|
|
#~ "lifetimes."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Ιδιοκτησία: μετακίνηση σημασιολογίας, αντιγραφή και κλωνοποίηση, "
|
|
#~ "δανεισμός και διάρκειες ζωής."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
|
|
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#, fuzzy
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#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It "
|
|
#~ "is\n"
|
|
#~ " imperative (not functional) and it doesn't try to reinvent things "
|
|
#~ "unless\n"
|
|
#~ " absolutely necessary."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Η σκουριά μοιάζει πολύ με άλλες γλώσσες στην παράδοση C/C++/Java. "
|
|
#~ "είναι\n"
|
|
#~ " επιτακτική (όχι λειτουργική) και δεν προσπαθεί να επανεφεύρει πράγματα "
|
|
#~ "εκτός και αν\n"
|
|
#~ " Απόλυτα αναγκαίο."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Το Rust είναι μοντέρνο με πλήρη υποστήριξη για πράγματα όπως το Unicode."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable "
|
|
#~ "number of\n"
|
|
#~ " arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude."
|
|
#~ "md))."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Το Rust χρησιμοποιεί μακροεντολές για καταστάσεις όπου θέλετε να έχετε "
|
|
#~ "έναν μεταβλητό αριθμό\n"
|
|
#~ " ορίσματα (καμία συνάρτηση [υπερφόρτωση](βασική-σύνταξη/συναρτήσεις-"
|
|
#~ "ενδιάμεσο.md))."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to "
|
|
#~ "trigger\n"
|
|
#~ " type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer "
|
|
#~ "overflow."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Εξηγήστε ότι όλες οι μεταβλητές πληκτρολογούνται στατικά. Δοκιμάστε να "
|
|
#~ "αφαιρέσετε το \"i32\" για ενεργοποίηση\n"
|
|
#~ " συμπέρασμα τύπου. Δοκιμάστε με το `i8` και ενεργοποιήστε μια "
|
|
#~ "υπερχείλιση ακέραιου χρόνου εκτέλεσης."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Αλλάξτε το «let mut x» σε «let x», συζητήστε το σφάλμα του "
|
|
#~ "μεταγλωττιστή."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't "
|
|
#~ "match the\n"
|
|
#~ " format string."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Δείξτε πώς το \"print!\" δίνει ένα σφάλμα μεταγλώττισης εάν τα ορίσματα "
|
|
#~ "δεν ταιριάζουν με το\n"
|
|
#~ " συμβολοσειρά μορφής."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an\n"
|
|
#~ " expression which is more complex than just a single variable."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Δείξτε πώς πρέπει να χρησιμοποιήσετε το \"{}\" ως σύμβολο κράτησης "
|
|
#~ "θέσης εάν θέλετε να εκτυπώσετε ένα\n"
|
|
#~ " έκφραση που είναι πιο σύνθετη από μια απλή μεταβλητή."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for "
|
|
#~ "`std::fmt`\n"
|
|
#~ " which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important "
|
|
#~ "that the\n"
|
|
#~ " students become familiar with searching in the standard library."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Δείξτε στους μαθητές την τυπική βιβλιοθήκη, δείξτε τους πώς να "
|
|
#~ "αναζητούν το «std::fmt».\n"
|
|
#~ " που έχει τους κανόνες της μορφοποίησης της μίνι-γλώσσας. Είναι "
|
|
#~ "σημαντικό ότι το\n"
|
|
#~ " οι μαθητές εξοικειώνονται με την αναζήτηση στην τυπική βιβλιοθήκη."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime "
|
|
#~ "errors_\n"
|
|
#~ " via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you "
|
|
#~ "don't\n"
|
|
#~ " have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language "
|
|
#~ "with\n"
|
|
#~ " constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Εμπειρία με C ή C++: Το Rust εξαλείφει μια ολόκληρη κατηγορία _runtime "
|
|
#~ "errors_\n"
|
|
#~ " μέσω του ελεγκτή δανείου. Έχετε απόδοση όπως στη C και τη C++, αλλά δεν "
|
|
#~ "έχετε\n"
|
|
#~ " έχετε προβλήματα με την ασφάλεια της μνήμης. Επιπλέον, αποκτάτε μια "
|
|
#~ "σύγχρονη γλώσσα με\n"
|
|
#~ " κατασκευές όπως η αντιστοίχιση προτύπων και η ενσωματωμένη διαχείριση "
|
|
#~ "εξαρτήσεων."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Box::leak`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method."
|
|
#~ "leak\n"
|
|
#~ "[`std::mem::forget`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[reference cycle]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-"
|
|
#~ "cycles.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Box::leak`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method."
|
|
#~ "leak\n"
|
|
#~ "[`std::mem::forget`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[κύκλος αναφοράς]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-"
|
|
#~ "cycles.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also\n"
|
|
#~ " not be disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However,\n"
|
|
#~ " `unsafe` allows you to call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked`\n"
|
|
#~ " which does not do bounds checking."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Ο έλεγχος ορίων δεν μπορεί να απενεργοποιηθεί με μια σημαία "
|
|
#~ "μεταγλωττιστή. Μπορεί επίσης\n"
|
|
#~ " να μην απενεργοποιηθεί απευθείας με τη λέξη-κλειδί \"μη ασφαλής\". "
|
|
#~ "Ωστόσο,\n"
|
|
#~ " Το \"unsafe\" σάς επιτρέπει να καλείτε συναρτήσεις όπως \"slice::"
|
|
#~ "get_unchecked\".\n"
|
|
#~ " που δεν κάνει έλεγχο ορίων."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to "
|
|
#~ "'pay'\n"
|
|
#~ " for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For "
|
|
#~ "example,\n"
|
|
#~ " writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level\n"
|
|
#~ " instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Αφαιρέσεις μηδενικού κόστους, παρόμοιες με τη C++, σημαίνει ότι δεν "
|
|
#~ "χρειάζεται να «πληρώσετε»\n"
|
|
#~ " για κατασκευές προγραμματισμού υψηλότερου επιπέδου με μνήμη ή CPU. Για "
|
|
#~ "παράδειγμα,\n"
|
|
#~ " Η σύνταξη ενός βρόχου χρησιμοποιώντας «για» θα πρέπει να έχει περίπου "
|
|
#~ "το ίδιο χαμηλό επίπεδο\n"
|
|
#~ " οδηγίες όπως χρησιμοποιώντας την κατασκευή `.iter().fold()`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', "
|
|
#~ "also\n"
|
|
#~ " known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things "
|
|
#~ "like\n"
|
|
#~ " `Option<T>` and `Result<T, E>`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Αξίζει να αναφέρουμε ότι τα Rust enums είναι επίσης «Αλγεβρικοί τύποι "
|
|
#~ "δεδομένων».\n"
|
|
#~ " γνωστοί ως «τύποι αθροίσματος», οι οποίοι επιτρέπουν στο σύστημα τύπων "
|
|
#~ "να εκφράσει πράγματα όπως\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Επιλογή<T>\" και \"Αποτέλεσμα<T, E>\"."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used "
|
|
#~ "to\n"
|
|
#~ " ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly "
|
|
#~ "more\n"
|
|
#~ " talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with "
|
|
#~ "_actionable_\n"
|
|
#~ " feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Υπενθυμίστε στους ανθρώπους να διαβάσουν τα σφάλματα --- πολλοί "
|
|
#~ "προγραμματιστές έχουν συνηθίσει\n"
|
|
#~ " αγνοήστε την έξοδο του μεταγλωττιστή μεγάλης διάρκειας. Ο "
|
|
#~ "μεταγλωττιστής Rust είναι πολύ περισσότερος\n"
|
|
#~ " ομιλητικός από άλλους μεταγλωττιστές. Συχνά θα σας παρέχει "
|
|
#~ "_actionable_\n"
|
|
#~ " σχόλια, έτοιμο για αντιγραφή-επικόλληση στον κώδικά σας."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, "
|
|
#~ "Python,\n"
|
|
#~ " and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider "
|
|
#~ "standard and\n"
|
|
#~ " essential:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Η τυπική βιβλιοθήκη Rust είναι μικρή σε σύγκριση με γλώσσες όπως Java, "
|
|
#~ "Python,\n"
|
|
#~ " και φύγε. Η σκουριά δεν συνοδεύεται από πολλά πράγματα που μπορεί να "
|
|
#~ "θεωρήσετε τυπικά και\n"
|
|
#~ " ουσιώδης:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " * a random number generator, but see [rand].\n"
|
|
#~ " * support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls].\n"
|
|
#~ " * support for JSON, but see [serde_json]."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " * μια γεννήτρια τυχαίων αριθμών, αλλά δείτε [rand].\n"
|
|
#~ " * υποστήριξη για SSL ή TLS, αλλά ανατρέξτε στο [rusttls].\n"
|
|
#~ " * υποστήριξη για JSON, αλλά ανατρέξτε στο [serde_json]."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library "
|
|
#~ "cannot\n"
|
|
#~ " go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the Rust\n"
|
|
#~ " community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps "
|
|
#~ "there\n"
|
|
#~ " isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " Το σκεπτικό πίσω από αυτό είναι ότι η λειτουργικότητα στην τυπική "
|
|
#~ "βιβλιοθήκη δεν μπορεί\n"
|
|
#~ " φύγετε, οπότε πρέπει να είναι πολύ σταθερό. Για τα παραπάνω "
|
|
#~ "παραδείγματα, η Σκουριά\n"
|
|
#~ " Η κοινότητα εξακολουθεί να εργάζεται για την εύρεση της καλύτερης λύσης "
|
|
#~ "--- και ίσως εκεί\n"
|
|
#~ " δεν είναι μια ενιαία \"καλύτερη λύση\" για μερικά από αυτά τα πράγματα."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and "
|
|
#~ "this makes\n"
|
|
#~ " it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence of "
|
|
#~ "this\n"
|
|
#~ " is that the standard library can be smaller."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " Το Rust έρχεται με ενσωματωμένο διαχειριστή πακέτων σε μορφή Cargo και "
|
|
#~ "αυτό κάνει\n"
|
|
#~ " Είναι ασήμαντο να κατεβάζετε και να μεταγλωττίζετε κιβώτια τρίτων. "
|
|
#~ "Συνέπεια αυτού\n"
|
|
#~ " είναι ότι η τυπική βιβλιοθήκη μπορεί να είναι μικρότερη."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like\n"
|
|
#~ " <https://lib.rs/> help with this by letting you compare health metrics "
|
|
#~ "for\n"
|
|
#~ " crates to find a good and trusted one.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "* [rust-analyzer] is a well supported LSP implementation used in major\n"
|
|
#~ " IDEs and text editors."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " Η ανακάλυψη καλών κιβωτίων τρίτων μπορεί να είναι πρόβλημα. Ιστότοποι "
|
|
#~ "όπως\n"
|
|
#~ " <https://lib.rs/> βοηθήστε σε αυτό, επιτρέποντάς σας να συγκρίνετε "
|
|
#~ "μετρήσεις υγείας για\n"
|
|
#~ " κιβώτια για να βρείτε ένα καλό και αξιόπιστο.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "* Το [rust-analyzer] είναι μια καλά υποστηριζόμενη υλοποίηση LSP που "
|
|
#~ "χρησιμοποιείται σε μεγάλες\n"
|
|
#~ " IDE και επεξεργαστές κειμένου."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[rand]: https://docs.rs/rand/\n"
|
|
#~ "[rusttls]: https://docs.rs/rustls/\n"
|
|
#~ "[serde_json]: https://docs.rs/serde_json/\n"
|
|
#~ "[rust-analyzer]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[rand]: https://docs.rs/rand/\n"
|
|
#~ "[rusttls]: https://docs.rs/rustls/\n"
|
|
#~ "[serde_json]: https://docs.rs/serde_json/\n"
|
|
#~ "[rust-analyzer]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* We can use literals to assign values to arrays."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε literals για να εκχωρήσουμε τιμές σε "
|
|
#~ "πίνακες."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug "
|
|
#~ "implementation with the `?` format\n"
|
|
#~ " parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug "
|
|
#~ "output. We\n"
|
|
#~ " could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without specifying the value "
|
|
#~ "after the\n"
|
|
#~ " format string."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Στην κύρια συνάρτηση, η δήλωση εκτύπωσης ζητά την υλοποίηση εντοπισμού "
|
|
#~ "σφαλμάτων με τη μορφή «?».\n"
|
|
#~ " παράμετρος: Το `{}` δίνει την προεπιλεγμένη έξοδο, το `{:?}` δίνει την "
|
|
#~ "έξοδο εντοπισμού σφαλμάτων. Εμείς\n"
|
|
#~ " θα μπορούσε επίσης να χρησιμοποιήσει τα \"{a}\" και \"{a:?}\" χωρίς να "
|
|
#~ "καθορίσει την τιμή μετά το\n"
|
|
#~ " συμβολοσειρά μορφής."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which "
|
|
#~ "can be easier to read."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Προσθέτοντας `#`, π.χ. `{a:#?}`, προκαλείται μια μορφή \"όμορφης "
|
|
#~ "εκτύπωσης\", η οποία μπορεί να είναι πιο ευανάγνωστη."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Όπως και οι πίνακες, οι πλειάδες έχουν σταθερό μήκος."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Οι πλειάδες ομαδοποιούν τιμές διαφορετικών τύπων σε έναν σύνθετο τύπο."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the "
|
|
#~ "value, e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Τα πεδία μιας πλειάδας είναι προσβάσιμα από την περίοδο και τον δείκτη "
|
|
#~ "της τιμής, π.χ. «t.0», «t.1»."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and "
|
|
#~ "ending indexes in brackets."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Δημιουργούμε ένα slice δανειζόμενοι το `a` και προσδιορίζοντας τους "
|
|
#~ "δείκτες έναρξης και λήξης σε αγκύλες."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop "
|
|
#~ "the starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are "
|
|
#~ "identical.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "* The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` "
|
|
#~ "are identical."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Εάν το slice ξεκινά από το δείκτη 0, η σύνταξη εύρους του Rust μας "
|
|
#~ "επιτρέπει να απορρίψουμε τον αρχικό δείκτη, πράγμα που σημαίνει ότι το "
|
|
#~ "«&a[0..a.len()]» και το «&a[..a.len()]» είναι πανομοιότυπα .\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "* Το ίδιο ισχύει και για τον τελευταίο δείκτη, επομένως τα «&a[2..a."
|
|
#~ "len()]» και «&a[2..]» είναι πανομοιότυπα."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use "
|
|
#~ "`&a[..]`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Για να δημιουργήσουμε εύκολα ένα κομμάτι του πλήρους πίνακα, μπορούμε "
|
|
#~ "επομένως να χρησιμοποιήσουμε το «&a[..]»."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* `&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to "
|
|
#~ "UTF-8 encoded string data \n"
|
|
#~ " stored in a block of memory. String literals (`”Hello”`), are stored in "
|
|
#~ "the program’s binary."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Το \"&str\" εισάγει ένα slice συμβολοσειράς, το οποίο είναι μια "
|
|
#~ "αμετάβλητη αναφορά σε κωδικοποιημένα δεδομένα συμβολοσειράς UTF-8\n"
|
|
#~ " αποθηκευμένο σε ένα μπλοκ μνήμης. Οι κυριολεκτικές συμβολοσειρές "
|
|
#~ "(\"Hello\"\"), αποθηκεύονται στο δυαδικό αρχείο του προγράμματος."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid " (Type annotations added for clarity, but they can be elided.)"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " (Πληκτρολογήστε σχολιασμούς για λόγους σαφήνειας, αλλά μπορούν να "
|
|
#~ "διαγραφούν.)"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Rectangle {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.width * self.height\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impmpl Rectangle {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " αυτο.πλάτος * εαυτός.ύψος\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Arrays and `for` loops."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Πίνακες και βρόχοι «για»."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Alternatively, use the Rust Playground."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Εναλλακτικά, χρησιμοποιήστε την παιδική χαρά Rust."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[solutions]: solutions-morning.md"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[λύσεις]: λύσεις-πρωί.μδ"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[Using Cargo]: ../../cargo.md"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[Χρήση φορτίου]: ../../cargo.md"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "1. Execute the above program and look at the compiler error."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "1. Εκτελέστε το παραπάνω πρόγραμμα και δείτε το σφάλμα μεταγλωττιστή."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "2. Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "2. Ενημερώστε τον παραπάνω κώδικα για να χρησιμοποιήσετε το «into()» για "
|
|
#~ "να κάνετε τη μετατροπή."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/implicit_conversion"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/implicit_conversion"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed.\n"
|
|
#~ " * No guarantee of memory locality."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Σωρός: Αποθήκευση τιμών εκτός κλήσεων συναρτήσεων.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Οι τιμές έχουν δυναμικά μεγέθη που καθορίζονται κατά το χρόνο "
|
|
#~ "εκτέλεσης.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Ελαφρώς πιο αργό από τη στοίβα: χρειάζεται λίγη τήρηση βιβλίων.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Καμία εγγύηση εντοπισμού μνήμης."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and "
|
|
#~ "length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Αναφέρετε ότι ένα \"String\" υποστηρίζεται από ένα \"Vec\", επομένως "
|
|
#~ "έχει χωρητικότητα και μήκος και μπορεί να αναπτυχθεί εάν είναι μεταβλητό "
|
|
#~ "μέσω ανακατανομής στο σωρό."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is "
|
|
#~ "heap allocated using the [System Allocator] and custom allocators can be "
|
|
#~ "implemented using the [Allocator API]"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Εάν οι μαθητές το ρωτήσουν, μπορείτε να αναφέρετε ότι η υποκείμενη "
|
|
#~ "μνήμη είναι ένα σωρό που εκχωρείται με χρήση του [System Allocator] και "
|
|
#~ "οι προσαρμοσμένοι εκχωρητές μπορούν να υλοποιηθούν χρησιμοποιώντας το "
|
|
#~ "[Allocator API]"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[System Allocator]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System."
|
|
#~ "html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Allocator API]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[Διανομέας συστήματος]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System."
|
|
#~ "html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Allocator API]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop] trait is the Rust "
|
|
#~ "equivalent."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Μπορεί να ερωτηθείτε για τους καταστροφείς εδώ, το χαρακτηριστικό "
|
|
#~ "[Drop] είναι το ισοδύναμο της Σκουριάς."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[Box]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Vec]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Rc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Arc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Drop]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[Πλαίσιο]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Vec]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Rc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Arc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Drop]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* In Rust, you clones are explicit (by using `clone`)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Στο Rust, οι κλώνοι σας είναι ξεκάθαροι (χρησιμοποιώντας «κλώνο»)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " Σημείο(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Notes on stack returns:\n"
|
|
#~ "* Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler "
|
|
#~ "can eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack "
|
|
#~ "addresses and run it on the [Playground]. In the \"DEBUG\" optimization "
|
|
#~ "level, the addresses should change, while the stay the same when changing "
|
|
#~ "to the \"RELEASE\" setting:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Σημειώσεις για τις επιστροφές στοίβας:\n"
|
|
#~ "* Αποδείξτε ότι η επιστροφή από το «add» είναι φθηνή επειδή ο "
|
|
#~ "μεταγλωττιστής μπορεί να εξαλείψει τη λειτουργία αντιγραφής. Αλλάξτε τον "
|
|
#~ "παραπάνω κωδικό για να εκτυπώσετε διευθύνσεις στοίβας και εκτελέστε τον "
|
|
#~ "στην [Playground]. Στο επίπεδο βελτιστοποίησης \"DEBUG\", οι διευθύνσεις "
|
|
#~ "θα πρέπει να αλλάξουν, ενώ θα παραμείνουν οι ίδιες κατά την αλλαγή στη "
|
|
#~ "ρύθμιση \"RELEASE\":"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[Playground]: https://play.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[Παιδική χαρά]: https://play.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " αν p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } other { p2 }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " αν p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } other { p2 }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* A small book library,"
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Μια μικρή βιβλιοθήκη,"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[solutions]: solutions-afternoon.md"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[λύσεις]: λύσεις-απόγευμα.μδ"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "struct Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " books: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "struct Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " βιβλία: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "struct Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " year: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "struct Βιβλίο {\n"
|
|
#~ " τίτλος: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " έτος: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String::from(title),\n"
|
|
#~ " year,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impmpl Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Αυτός είναι ένας κατασκευαστής, που χρησιμοποιείται παρακάτω.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " Βιβλίο {\n"
|
|
#~ " τίτλος: Συμβολοσειρά::από(τίτλος),\n"
|
|
#~ " έτος,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n"
|
|
#~ "impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// Αυτό καθιστά δυνατή την εκτύπωση τιμών βιβλίου με {}.\n"
|
|
#~ "impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::"
|
|
#~ "Αποτέλεσμα {\n"
|
|
#~ " write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " //fn len(self) -> χρήση {\n"
|
|
#~ " // δεν εφαρμόζεται!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // δεν εφαρμόζεται!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // δεν εφαρμόζεται!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " //fn print_books(self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " //fn print_books(self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // δεν εφαρμόζεται!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // δεν εφαρμόζεται!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Structs, enums, methods."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Δομές, αρίθμηση, μέθοδοι."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Αντιστοίχιση προτύπων: καταστροφή αριθμών, δομών και πινάκων."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, "
|
|
#~ "and\n"
|
|
#~ " `continue`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Κατασκευές ροής ελέγχου: \"if\", \"if let\", \"while\", \"while let\", "
|
|
#~ "\"break\" και\n"
|
|
#~ " «συνέχεια»."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, "
|
|
#~ "`HashMap`, `Rc`\n"
|
|
#~ " and `Arc`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Η τυπική βιβλιοθήκη: \"String\", \"Option\" και \"Result\", \"Vec\", "
|
|
#~ "\"HashMap\", \"Rc\"\n"
|
|
#~ " και «Arc»."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Ενότητες: ορατότητα, μονοπάτια και ιεραρχία συστήματος αρχείων."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundOfForce {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundOfForce {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo! (\"Ρωτήστε έναν επιστήμονα πυραύλων στη NASA\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ...\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn set_thruster_force(δύναμη: Newtons) {\n"
|
|
#~ " //...\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " Person { name, age }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impmpl Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(όνομα: String, ηλικία: u8) -> Άτομο {\n"
|
|
#~ " Άτομο { όνομα, ηλικία }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is "
|
|
#~ "interchangeable with the struct type name"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Η συνάρτηση \"new\" θα μπορούσε να γραφτεί χρησιμοποιώντας το \"Self\" ως "
|
|
#~ "τύπο, καθώς είναι εναλλάξιμη με το όνομα τύπου δομής"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
#~ " Heads,\n"
|
|
#~ " Tails,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[παραγωγή (Εντοπισμός σφαλμάτων)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
#~ " κεφάλια,\n"
|
|
#~ " Ουρές,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "<details>\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "Key Points:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "Βασικά σημεία:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
|
|
#~ " match event {\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, "
|
|
#~ "y={y}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
|
|
#~ " αγώνας εκδήλωσης {\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"σελίδα φορτώθηκε\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"πατήθηκε '{c}'\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::Κάντε κλικ στο { x, y } => println!(\"κλικ στο x={x}, "
|
|
#~ "y={y}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "enum Foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " A,\n"
|
|
#~ " B,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "enum Foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " ΕΝΑ,\n"
|
|
#~ " ΣΙ,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[repr(u32)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Bar {\n"
|
|
#~ " A, // 0\n"
|
|
#~ " B = 10000,\n"
|
|
#~ " C, // 10001\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[repr(u32)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Bar {\n"
|
|
#~ " Α, // 0\n"
|
|
#~ " B = 10000,\n"
|
|
#~ " C, // 10001\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "<details>\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "Key Points: \n"
|
|
#~ " * Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the "
|
|
#~ "enum variant.\n"
|
|
#~ " * `Bar` enum demonstrates that there is a way to control the "
|
|
#~ "discriminant value and type. If `repr` is removed, the discriminant type "
|
|
#~ "takes 2 bytes, becuase 10001 fits 2 bytes.\n"
|
|
#~ " * As a niche optimization an enum discriminant is merged with the "
|
|
#~ "pointer so that `Option<&Foo>` is the same size as `&Foo`.\n"
|
|
#~ " * `Option<bool>` is another example of tight packing.\n"
|
|
#~ " * For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/"
|
|
#~ "#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::<T>()` equals `size_of::"
|
|
#~ "<Option<T>>()`.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Zero-sized types allow for efficient implementation of `HashSet` using "
|
|
#~ "`HashMap` with `()` as the value."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "Βασικά σημεία:\n"
|
|
#~ " * Εσωτερικά το Rust χρησιμοποιεί ένα πεδίο (διακριτικό) για να "
|
|
#~ "παρακολουθεί την παραλλαγή enum.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Το \"Bar\" enum δείχνει ότι υπάρχει τρόπος να ελέγχεται η τιμή και ο "
|
|
#~ "τύπος διάκρισης. Εάν αφαιρεθεί το \"repr\", ο τύπος διάκρισης παίρνει 2 "
|
|
#~ "byte, επειδή το 10001 ταιριάζει σε 2 byte.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Ως βελτιστοποίηση εξειδικευμένης θέσης, ένα διακριτικό enum "
|
|
#~ "συγχωνεύεται με τον δείκτη έτσι ώστε το \"Option<&Foo>\" να έχει το ίδιο "
|
|
#~ "μέγεθος με το \"&Foo\".\n"
|
|
#~ " * Το \"Option<bool>\" είναι ένα άλλο παράδειγμα στενής συσκευασίας.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Για [ορισμένους τύπους](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/"
|
|
#~ "#representation), η Rust εγγυάται ότι το \"size_of::<T>()\" ισούται με "
|
|
#~ "\"size_of::<Επιλογή<T> >()».\n"
|
|
#~ " * Οι τύποι μηδενικού μεγέθους επιτρέπουν την αποτελεσματική εφαρμογή του "
|
|
#~ "\"HashSet\" χρησιμοποιώντας το \"HashMap\" με το \"()\" ως τιμή."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Race {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n"
|
|
#~ " Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impmpl Race {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // Χωρίς δέκτη, μια στατική μέθοδος\n"
|
|
#~ " Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " if n % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " Result::Ok(n / 2)\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Αποτέλεσμα {\n"
|
|
#~ " αν n % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " Αποτέλεσμα::Ok(n / 2)\n"
|
|
#~ " } αλλο {\n"
|
|
#~ " Αποτέλεσμα::Err(μορφή!(\"δεν μπορεί να διαιρεθεί το {} σε δύο ίσα "
|
|
#~ "μέρη\", n))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Simple struct which tracks health statistics."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Απλή δομή που παρακολουθεί τα στατιστικά στοιχεία υγείας."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "struct User {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " weight: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "struct Χρήστης {\n"
|
|
#~ " όνομα: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " ηλικία: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " βάρος: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl User {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, weight: f32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Χρήστης {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(όνομα: String, ηλικία: u32, βάρος: f32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " παμπ fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn weight(&self) -> f32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " παμπ fn βάρος(&self) -> f32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_weight(&mut self, new_weight: f32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_weight(&mut self, new_weight: f32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add fields\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " // προσθήκη πεδίων\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add methods\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "εμφ. Σημείο {\n"
|
|
#~ " // προσθήκη μεθόδων\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add fields\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Πολύγωνο {\n"
|
|
#~ " // προσθήκη πεδίων\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add methods\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impmpl Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " // προσθήκη μεθόδων\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add fields\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // προσθήκη πεδίων\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add methods\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impmpl Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // προσθήκη μεθόδων\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
#~ " Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " Πολύγωνο (Πολύγωνο),\n"
|
|
#~ " Κύκλος (Κύκλος),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* [`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional "
|
|
#~ "values\n"
|
|
#~ " and [error handling](error-handling.md)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Τύποι ['Option' και 'Result'](std/option-result.md): χρησιμοποιούνται "
|
|
#~ "για προαιρετικές τιμές\n"
|
|
#~ " και [error handling](error-handling.md)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* [`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* [`String`](std/string.md): ο προεπιλεγμένος τύπος συμβολοσειράς που "
|
|
#~ "χρησιμοποιείται για ιδιόκτητα δεδομένα."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): ένα τυπικό επεκτάσιμο διάνυσμα."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable "
|
|
#~ "hashing\n"
|
|
#~ " algorithm."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): τύπος χάρτη κατακερματισμού με δυνατότητα "
|
|
#~ "διαμόρφωσης κατακερματισμού\n"
|
|
#~ " αλγόριθμος."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* [`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* [`Box`](std/box.md): ένας ιδιόκτητος δείκτης για δεδομένα που "
|
|
#~ "εκχωρούνται σε σωρό."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-"
|
|
#~ "allocated data."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): κοινόχρηστος δείκτης μέτρησης αναφοράς για δεδομένα "
|
|
#~ "που εκχωρούνται σε σωρό."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html#deref-"
|
|
#~ "methods-str"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html#deref-"
|
|
#~ "methods-str"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* `len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes, not its length in "
|
|
#~ "characters.\n"
|
|
#~ "* `chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters.\n"
|
|
#~ "* `String` implements `Deref<Target = str>` which transparently gives it "
|
|
#~ "access to `str`'s methods."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Το «len» επιστρέφει το μέγεθος του «String» σε byte, όχι το μήκος του "
|
|
#~ "σε χαρακτήρες.\n"
|
|
#~ "* Το `chars` επιστρέφει έναν επαναλήπτη πάνω από τους πραγματικούς "
|
|
#~ "χαρακτήρες.\n"
|
|
#~ "* Το `String` υλοποιεί το `Deref<Target = str>` που του δίνει με "
|
|
#~ "διαφάνεια πρόσβαση στις μεθόδους του `str`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-[T]"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-[T]"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-"
|
|
#~ "coercion"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-"
|
|
#~ "coercion"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* If the `Box` was not used here and we attempted to embed a `List` "
|
|
#~ "directly into the `List`,\n"
|
|
#~ "the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory, it "
|
|
#~ "would look infinite."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "Εάν το \"Πλαίσιο\" δεν χρησιμοποιήθηκε εδώ και προσπαθήσαμε να "
|
|
#~ "ενσωματώσουμε μια \"Λίστα\" απευθείας στη \"Λίστα\",\n"
|
|
#~ "ο μεταγλωττιστής δεν θα υπολόγιζε ένα σταθερό μέγεθος της δομής στη "
|
|
#~ "μνήμη, θα φαινόταν άπειρο.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "Το \"Box\" λύνει αυτό το πρόβλημα καθώς έχει το ίδιο μέγεθος με έναν "
|
|
#~ "κανονικό δείκτη και απλώς δείχνει τον επόμενο\n"
|
|
#~ "στοιχείο της «Λίστας» στο σωρό.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "</details>"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/index.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: ../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md\n"
|
|
#~ "[4]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/index.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: ../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "1. As a relative path:\n"
|
|
#~ " * `foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,\n"
|
|
#~ " * `super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "1. Ως σχετική διαδρομή:\n"
|
|
#~ " * Το \"foo\" ή το \"self::foo\" αναφέρεται στο \"foo\" στην τρέχουσα "
|
|
#~ "ενότητα,\n"
|
|
#~ " * Το «super::foo» αναφέρεται στο «foo» στη γονική μονάδα."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Αγνοήστε όλα τα κενά. Απόρριψη αριθμού με λιγότερα από δύο ψηφία."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Moving from right to left, double every second digit: for the number "
|
|
#~ "`1234`,\n"
|
|
#~ " we double `3` and `1`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Μετακίνηση από τα δεξιά προς τα αριστερά, διπλασιάστε κάθε δεύτερο "
|
|
#~ "ψηφίο: για τον αριθμό «1234»,\n"
|
|
#~ " διπλασιάζουμε «3» και «1»."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` "
|
|
#~ "which\n"
|
|
#~ " becomes `5`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Μετά τον διπλασιασμό ενός ψηφίου, αθροίστε τα ψηφία. Έτσι ο "
|
|
#~ "διπλασιασμός του '7' γίνεται '14' που\n"
|
|
#~ " γίνεται «5»."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Άθροισμα όλων των μη διπλασιασμένων και διπλασιασμένων ψηφίων."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Ο αριθμός της πιστωτικής κάρτας είναι έγκυρος εάν το άθροισμα τελειώνει "
|
|
#~ "με «0»."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(πρόθεμα: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard "
|
|
#~ "library\n"
|
|
#~ " traits."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Χαρακτηριστικά: εξαγωγή χαρακτηριστικών, προεπιλεγμένες μέθοδοι και "
|
|
#~ "σημαντική τυπική βιβλιοθήκη\n"
|
|
#~ " χαρακτηριστικά."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and "
|
|
#~ "trait\n"
|
|
#~ " objects."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Γενικά: γενικοί τύποι δεδομένων, γενικές μέθοδοι, μονομορφοποίηση και "
|
|
#~ "χαρακτηριστικό\n"
|
|
#~ " αντικείμενα."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Διαχείριση σφαλμάτων: πανικός, «Αποτέλεσμα» και ο τελεστής δοκιμής «?»."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Δοκιμές: δοκιμές μονάδων, δοκιμές τεκμηρίωσης και δοκιμές ολοκλήρωσης."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and "
|
|
#~ "extern\n"
|
|
#~ " functions."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Μη ασφαλής σκουριά: ακατέργαστες δείκτες, στατικές μεταβλητές, μη "
|
|
#~ "ασφαλείς συναρτήσεις και εξωτερικά\n"
|
|
#~ " λειτουργίες."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "struct Dog {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "struct Dog {\n"
|
|
#~ " όνομα: String,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Equals for Centimeter {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn equal(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.0 == other.0\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Ισούται με εκατοστό {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn ίσον(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " εαυτός.0 == άλλος.0\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* `IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is "
|
|
#~ "implemented by collection types such as\n"
|
|
#~ " `Vec<T>` and references to them such as `&Vec<T>` and `&[T]`. Ranges "
|
|
#~ "also implement it.\n"
|
|
#~ "* The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming "
|
|
#~ "operations over collections \n"
|
|
#~ " (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is the trait where you can "
|
|
#~ "find all the documentation\n"
|
|
#~ " about them. In Rust these functions should produce the code as "
|
|
#~ "efficient as equivalent imperative\n"
|
|
#~ " implementations.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "</details>"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Το \"IntoIterator\" είναι το χαρακτηριστικό που κάνει τους βρόχους να "
|
|
#~ "λειτουργούν. Υλοποιείται από τύπους συλλογής όπως π.χ\n"
|
|
#~ " `Vec<T>` και αναφορές σε αυτά, όπως \"&Vec<T>\" και \"&[T]\". Το "
|
|
#~ "εφαρμόζουν και οι Ranges.\n"
|
|
#~ "* Το χαρακτηριστικό «Iterator» υλοποιεί πολλές κοινές λειτουργίες "
|
|
#~ "λειτουργικού προγραμματισμού σε συλλογές\n"
|
|
#~ " (π.χ. \"χάρτης\", \"φίλτρο\", \"μείωση\" κ.λπ.). Αυτό είναι το "
|
|
#~ "χαρακτηριστικό όπου μπορείτε να βρείτε όλη την τεκμηρίωση\n"
|
|
#~ " Για αυτούς. Στο Rust αυτές οι συναρτήσεις θα πρέπει να παράγουν τον "
|
|
#~ "κώδικα τόσο αποτελεσματικό όσο και ισοδύναμη επιταγή\n"
|
|
#~ " υλοποιήσεις.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "</details>"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-"
|
|
#~ "Mutex%3CT%3E\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[`Οποιοδήποτε`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Default for Implemented {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn default() -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Widget για παράθυρο {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> use {\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl<T> Point<T> {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn x(&self) -> &T {\n"
|
|
#~ " &self.0 // + 10\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl<T> Σημείο<T> {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn x(&self) -> &T {\n"
|
|
#~ " &self.0 // + 10\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
|
|
#~ " μορφή! (\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "enum Option_f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(f64),\n"
|
|
#~ " None,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "enum Option_f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " Μερικοί (f64),\n"
|
|
#~ " Κανένας,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: String,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ετικέτα: String,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ετικέτα {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: Label,\n"
|
|
#~ " callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Κουμπί {\n"
|
|
#~ " ετικέτα: ετικέτα,\n"
|
|
#~ " επανάκληση: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: Label::new(label),\n"
|
|
#~ " callback,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Κουμπί εμφύτευσης {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " Κουμπί {\n"
|
|
#~ " ετικέτα: Ετικέτα::νέο(ετικέτα),\n"
|
|
#~ " επανάκληση,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Παράθυρο {\n"
|
|
#~ " τίτλος: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "παράθυρο εμφ. {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str) -> Παράθυρο {\n"
|
|
#~ " Παράθυρο {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Widget για ετικέτα {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> use {\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> use {\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Widget για παράθυρο {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> use {\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "This is a small text GUI demo."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Αυτό είναι ένα μικρό κείμενο επίδειξης GUI."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(e) => Err(e),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " αντιστοίχιση username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(_) => Ok(όνομα χρήστη),\n"
|
|
#~ " Σφάλμα(ε) => Σφάλμα(ε),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " IoError(io::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[παραγωγή (Εντοπισμός σφαλμάτων)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " IoError(io::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}"
|
|
#~ msgstr "impl Σφάλμα για ReadUsernameError {}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " match self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {}\", e),\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no "
|
|
#~ "username in {}\", filename),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Εμφάνιση για ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Αποτέλεσμα {\n"
|
|
#~ " ταίριασμα εαυτού {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {}\", e),\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Δεν βρέθηκε "
|
|
#~ "όνομα χρήστη στο {}\", όνομα αρχείου),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl From<io::Error> for ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl From<io::Error> για ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[παραγωγή (Εντοπισμός σφαλμάτων, Σφάλμα)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[σφάλμα (\"Δεν ήταν δυνατή η ανάγνωση: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"Δεν βρέθηκε όνομα χρήστη στο {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Unit tests are supported throughout your code."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Οι δοκιμές μονάδας υποστηρίζονται σε όλο τον κώδικά σας."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[solution]: solutions-afternoon.md"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[λύση]: λύσεις-απόγευμα.μδ"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`std::ffi`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/\n"
|
|
#~ "[`CStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[`CString`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Nomicon]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`std::ffi`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/\n"
|
|
#~ "[`CStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[`CString`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Nomicon]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " path: CString,\n"
|
|
#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[παραγωγή (Εντοπισμός σφαλμάτων)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " διαδρομή: CString,\n"
|
|
#~ " σκηνοθεσία: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
#~ " // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(διαδρομή: &str) -> Αποτέλεσμα<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Καλέστε το opendir και επιστρέψτε μια τιμή Ok εάν "
|
|
#~ "λειτούργησε,\n"
|
|
#~ " // διαφορετικά επιστρέψτε το Err με ένα μήνυμα.\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Καλέστε το κλείσιμο όπως απαιτείται.\n"
|
|
#~ " ανεφάρμοστη!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Today we will look at two main topics:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Σήμερα θα εξετάσουμε δύο βασικά θέματα:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Concurrency: threads, channels, shared state, `Send` and `Sync`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Συγχρονισμός: νήματα, κανάλια, κοινή κατάσταση, \"Αποστολή\" και "
|
|
#~ "\"Συγχρονισμός\"."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Android: building binaries and libraries, using AIDL, logging, and\n"
|
|
#~ " interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Android: δημιουργία δυαδικών αρχείων και βιβλιοθηκών, χρησιμοποιώντας "
|
|
#~ "AIDL, καταγραφή και\n"
|
|
#~ " διαλειτουργικότητα με C, C++ και Java."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main "
|
|
#~ "thread is\n"
|
|
#~ " not waiting."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Παρατηρήστε ότι το νήμα σταματά πριν φτάσει στο 10 — το κύριο νήμα "
|
|
#~ "είναι\n"
|
|
#~ " δεν περιμένει."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait "
|
|
#~ "for\n"
|
|
#~ " the thread to finish."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Χρησιμοποιήστε το \"let handle = thread::spawn(...)\" και αργότερα το "
|
|
#~ "\"handle.join()\" για να περιμένετε\n"
|
|
#~ " το νήμα για να τελειώσει."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Προκαλέστε έναν πανικό στο νήμα, παρατηρήστε πώς αυτό δεν επηρεάζει το "
|
|
#~ "\"κύριο\"."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the "
|
|
#~ "panic\n"
|
|
#~ " payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`]."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Χρησιμοποιήστε την τιμή επιστροφής \"Αποτέλεσμα\" από το \"handle."
|
|
#~ "join()\" για να αποκτήσετε πρόσβαση στον πανικό\n"
|
|
#~ " φορτίο επί πληρωμή. Αυτή είναι μια καλή στιγμή για να μιλήσουμε για το "
|
|
#~ "[`Οποιοδήποτε`]."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[`Any`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[`Οποιοδήποτε`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.scope.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.scope.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-"
|
|
#~ "Mutex%3CT%3E\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-"
|
|
#~ "Mutex%3CT%3E\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError."
|
|
#~ "html \n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "</details>"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[\"PoisonError\"]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError."
|
|
#~ "html\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "</details>"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: ../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: ../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Φιλόσοφοι τραπεζαρίας: ένα κλασικό πρόβλημα συγχρονισμού."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " // left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // thoughts: ...\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "struct Φιλόσοφος {\n"
|
|
#~ " όνομα: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " // left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // σκέψεις: ...\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Create forks"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Δημιουργία πιρουνιών"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid " // Create philosophers"
|
|
#~ msgstr " // Δημιουργία φιλοσόφων"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid " // Make them think and eat"
|
|
#~ msgstr " // Κάνε τους να σκεφτούν και να φάνε"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Error {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[παραγωγή (Σφάλμα, Εντοπισμός σφαλμάτων)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Σφάλμα {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"σφάλμα αιτήματος: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " Ok(valid_urls)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " Ok(valid_urls)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://docs.rs/reqwest/\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://docs.rs/scraper/\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://docs.rs/thiserror/"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://docs.rs/reqwest/\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://docs.rs/scraper/\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://docs.rs/thiserror/"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[crates]: https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:"
|
|
#~ "external/rust/crates/"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[κλουβιά]: https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:"
|
|
#~ "external/rust/crates/"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}"
|
|
#~ msgstr "impl binder::Διεπαφή για BirthdayService {}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn connect() -> Result<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, binder::"
|
|
#~ "StatusCode> {\n"
|
|
#~ " binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "/// Συνδεθείτε στην υπηρεσία BirthdayService.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn connect() -> Αποτέλεσμα<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, "
|
|
#~ "binder::StatusCode> {\n"
|
|
#~ " binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://cxx.rs/\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://cxx.rs/\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "* Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Καλέστε την υπηρεσία AIDL με έναν πελάτη γραμμένο σε Rust."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " books: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ΑΓΚΥΡΑ: ρύθμιση\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " βιβλία: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n"
|
|
#~ "impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: setup"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// Αυτό καθιστά δυνατή την εκτύπωση τιμών βιβλίου με {}.\n"
|
|
#~ "impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::"
|
|
#~ "Αποτέλεσμα {\n"
|
|
#~ " write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: ρύθμιση"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Library_new\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n"
|
|
#~ " Library { books: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ΑΓΚΥΡΑ: Library_new\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n"
|
|
#~ " Βιβλιοθήκη { βιβλία: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_len\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n"
|
|
#~ " fn len(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.len()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // ΑΓΚΥΡΑ: Library_len\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn len(self) -> χρήση {\n"
|
|
#~ " // δεν εφαρμόζεται!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n"
|
|
#~ " fn len(&self) -> χρήση {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.len()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n"
|
|
#~ " fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.is_empty()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // δεν εφαρμόζεται!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n"
|
|
#~ " fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.is_empty()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.push(book)\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // δεν εφαρμόζεται!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.push(βιβλίο)\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n"
|
|
#~ " fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // δεν εφαρμόζεται!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n"
|
|
#~ " fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.iter().min_by_key(|βιβλίο| βιβλίο.έτος)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Point\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Point\n"
|
|
#~ " x: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[παραγωγή (Εντοπισμός σφαλμάτων, Αντιγραφή, Κλώνος, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "// Αγκυροβόλι\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Σημείο\n"
|
|
#~ " x: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " Point { x, y }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ΑΓΚΥΡΑ: Point-immpl\n"
|
|
#~ "εμφ. Σημείο {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Point-immpl\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " Σημείο { x, y }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " (self - other).magnitude()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " (self - other).magnitude()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: self.x + other.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: self.y + other.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
#~ " αυτος {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: self.x + other.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: self.y + other.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: self.x - other.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: self.y - other.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
#~ " αυτος {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: εαυτός.χ - άλλος.χ,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: self.y - other.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Polygon\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n"
|
|
#~ " points: Vec<Point>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ΑΓΚΥΡΑ: Πολύγωνο\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Πολύγωνο {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Πολύγωνο\n"
|
|
#~ " σημεία: Vec<Point>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ΑΓΚΥΡΑ: Polygon-impl\n"
|
|
#~ "impmpl Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new() -> Πολύγωνο {\n"
|
|
#~ " Πολύγωνο { points: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option<Point> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option<Point> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Point> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.points.iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Point> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.points.iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Circle\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n"
|
|
#~ " center: Point,\n"
|
|
#~ " radius: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ΑΓΚΥΡΑ: Κύκλος\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Κύκλος\n"
|
|
#~ " κεντρικό σημείο,\n"
|
|
#~ " ακτίνα: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " Circle { center, radius }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ΑΓΚΥΡΑ: Circle-immpl\n"
|
|
#~ "impmpl Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(κέντρο: Σημείο, ακτίνα: i32) -> Κύκλος {\n"
|
|
#~ " Κύκλος { κέντρο, ακτίνα }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.center.dist(other.center)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.center.dist(other.center)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Shape\n"
|
|
#~ "pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
#~ " Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Shape"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ΑΓΚΥΡΑ: Σχήμα\n"
|
|
#~ "pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " Πολύγωνο (Πολύγωνο),\n"
|
|
#~ " Κύκλος (Κύκλος),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Σχήμα"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl From<Polygon> for Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Polygon(poly)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl From<Polygon> for Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Σχήμα::Πολύγωνο(πολύγωνο)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl From<Circle> for Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Circle(circle)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl From<Circle> for Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Σχήμα::Κύκλος (κύκλος)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " match self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impmpl Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " ταίριασμα εαυτού {\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n"
|
|
#~ " Σχήμα::Κύκλος(κύκλος) => κύκλος.περιφέρεια(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " sum % 10 == 0\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " άθροισμα % 10 == 0\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "// ANCHOR_END: setup"
|
|
#~ msgstr "// ANCHOR_END: ρύθμιση"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Window-width\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n"
|
|
#~ " std::cmp::max(\n"
|
|
#~ " self.title.chars().count(),\n"
|
|
#~ " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ΑΓΚΥΡΑ: Παράθυρο-πλάτος\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget για παράθυρο {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> use {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Παράθυρο-πλάτος\n"
|
|
#~ " std::cmp::max(\n"
|
|
#~ " self.title.chars().count(),\n"
|
|
#~ " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Button-width\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ΑΓΚΥΡΑ: Κουμπί-πλάτος\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> use {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Κουμπί-πλάτος\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label.width() + 8 // προσθέστε λίγο padding\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Label-width\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label\n"
|
|
#~ " .lines()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n"
|
|
#~ " .max()\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or(0)\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ΑΓΚΥΡΑ: Label-width\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget για ετικέτα {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> use {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Ετικέτα-πλάτος\n"
|
|
#~ " αυτο.ετικέτα\n"
|
|
#~ " .lines()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n"
|
|
#~ " .Μέγιστη()\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or(0)\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " path: CString,\n"
|
|
#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: ffi"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[παραγωγή (Εντοπισμός σφαλμάτων)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " διαδρομή: CString,\n"
|
|
#~ " σκηνοθεσία: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: ffi"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n"
|
|
#~ " left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "struct Φιλόσοφος {\n"
|
|
#~ " όνομα: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Φιλόσοφος\n"
|
|
#~ " left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " σκέψεις: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* `Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++.\n"
|
|
#~ "* In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` "
|
|
#~ "statement thanks to `Deref`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Το \"Box\" είναι σαν το \"std::unique_ptr\" στη C++.\n"
|
|
#~ "* Στο παραπάνω παράδειγμα, μπορείτε ακόμη και να αφήσετε έξω το «*» στη "
|
|
#~ "δήλωση «println!» χάρη στο «Deref»."
|