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mirror of https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust.git synced 2024-12-15 22:37:28 +02:00
comprehensive-rust/po/el.po
Martin Geisler 98f5f9a88f
Revert "Fix typo: missing n in unknown" (#1347)
Reverts google/comprehensive-rust#1344.

The edit to the Markdown file has been kept since we _do_ want to fix
the typo!
2023-10-11 11:47:04 +00:00

23766 lines
780 KiB
Plaintext

msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-08-26\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-08-25 13:24-0700\n"
"Last-Translator: root <andrikopoulos@google.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Greek <team@lists.gnome.gr>\n"
"Language: el\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 3.3.2\n"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:4 src/index.md:1
msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
msgstr "Καλώς ήρθατε στην Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:5 src/running-the-course.md:1
msgid "Running the Course"
msgstr "Διεξαγωγή του μαθήματος"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:6 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:1
msgid "Course Structure"
msgstr "Δομή Μαθήματος"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:7 src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:1
msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts"
msgstr "Συντομεύσεις πληκτρολογίου"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:8 src/running-the-course/translations.md:1
msgid "Translations"
msgstr "Μεταφράσεις"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:9 src/cargo.md:1
msgid "Using Cargo"
msgstr "Χρήση Cargo"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:10
msgid "Rust Ecosystem"
msgstr "Rust Οικοσύστημα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:11
msgid "Code Samples"
msgstr "Δείγματα κώδικα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:12
msgid "Running Cargo Locally"
msgstr "Εκτέλεση Cargo τοπικά"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:15
msgid "Day 1: Morning"
msgstr "1η μέρα: Πρωί"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:19 src/SUMMARY.md:79 src/SUMMARY.md:137 src/SUMMARY.md:195
#: src/SUMMARY.md:221 src/SUMMARY.md:271
msgid "Welcome"
msgstr "Καλως Ήρθατε"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:20 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:1
msgid "What is Rust?"
msgstr "Τι είναι η Rust;"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:21 src/hello-world.md:1
msgid "Hello World!"
msgstr "Γειά σου Κόσμε!"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:22 src/hello-world/small-example.md:1
msgid "Small Example"
msgstr "Μικρό Παράδειγμα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:23 src/why-rust.md:1
msgid "Why Rust?"
msgstr "Γιατί Rust;"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:24 src/why-rust/compile-time.md:1
msgid "Compile Time Guarantees"
msgstr "Εγγυήσεις Χρόνου Μεταγλώττισης"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:25 src/why-rust/runtime.md:1
msgid "Runtime Guarantees"
msgstr "Εγγυήσεις χρόνου εκτέλεσης"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:26 src/why-rust/modern.md:1
msgid "Modern Features"
msgstr "Σύγχρονα Χαρακτηριστικά"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:27 src/basic-syntax.md:1
msgid "Basic Syntax"
msgstr "Βασική Σύνταξη"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:28 src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:1
msgid "Scalar Types"
msgstr "Βαθμωτοί Τύποι"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:29 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:1
msgid "Compound Types"
msgstr "Σύνθετοι τύποι"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:30 src/basic-syntax/references.md:1
msgid "References"
msgstr "Αναφορές"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:31 src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:1
msgid "Dangling References"
msgstr "Κρεμασμένες αναφορές"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:32 src/basic-syntax/slices.md:1
msgid "Slices"
msgstr "Φέτες"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:33
msgid "String vs str"
msgstr "String vs str"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:34 src/basic-syntax/functions.md:1
msgid "Functions"
msgstr "Συναρτήσεις"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:35 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rustdoc"
msgstr "Γιατί Rust;"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:36 src/SUMMARY.md:107 src/basic-syntax/methods.md:1
#: src/methods.md:1
msgid "Methods"
msgstr "Μέθοδοι"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:37
msgid "Overloading"
msgstr "Υπερφόρτωση"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:38 src/SUMMARY.md:71 src/SUMMARY.md:100 src/SUMMARY.md:110
#: src/SUMMARY.md:129 src/SUMMARY.md:157 src/SUMMARY.md:187 src/SUMMARY.md:214
#: src/SUMMARY.md:235 src/SUMMARY.md:263 src/SUMMARY.md:285 src/SUMMARY.md:306
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:1 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:1
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:1
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:1
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:1
msgid "Exercises"
msgstr "Ασκήσεις"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:39 src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:1
msgid "Implicit Conversions"
msgstr "Έμμεσες μετατροπές"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:40
msgid "Arrays and for Loops"
msgstr "Πίνακες και βρόχοι for"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:42
msgid "Day 1: Afternoon"
msgstr "1η μέρα: Απόγευμα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:44 src/SUMMARY.md:298 src/control-flow.md:1
msgid "Control Flow"
msgstr "Ροή ελέγχου"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:45 src/control-flow/blocks.md:1
msgid "Blocks"
msgstr "Μπλοκ"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:46
msgid "if expressions"
msgstr "Eκφράσεις if"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:47
msgid "for expressions"
msgstr "Εκφράσεις for"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:48
msgid "while expressions"
msgstr "Εκφράσεις while"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:49
msgid "break & continue"
msgstr "break & continue"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:50
msgid "loop expressions"
msgstr "Εκφράσεις loop"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:52 src/basic-syntax/variables.md:1
msgid "Variables"
msgstr "Μεταβλητές"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:53 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:1
msgid "Type Inference"
msgstr "Συμπερασμός Τύπων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:54
msgid "static & const"
msgstr "static & const"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:55 src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:1
msgid "Scopes and Shadowing"
msgstr "Εμβέλια και σκίαση"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:56 src/enums.md:1
msgid "Enums"
msgstr "Απαριθμήσεις"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:57 src/enums/variant-payloads.md:1
msgid "Variant Payloads"
msgstr "Περιεχόμενο Παραλλαγών"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:58 src/enums/sizes.md:1
msgid "Enum Sizes"
msgstr "Μέγεθος Απαριθμήσεων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:60 src/control-flow/novel.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Novel Control Flow"
msgstr "Ροή ελέγχου"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:61
msgid "if let expressions"
msgstr "Εκφράσεις if let"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:62
msgid "while let expressions"
msgstr "Εκφράσεις while let"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:63
msgid "match expressions"
msgstr "Εκφράσεις match"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:65 src/pattern-matching.md:1
msgid "Pattern Matching"
msgstr "Αντιστοίχιση προτύπων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:66 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:1
msgid "Destructuring Enums"
msgstr "Αποδόμηση Απαριθμήσεων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:67 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:1
msgid "Destructuring Structs"
msgstr "Αποδόμηση Δομών"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:68 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:1
msgid "Destructuring Arrays"
msgstr "Αποδόμηση Πινάκων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:69 src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:1
msgid "Match Guards"
msgstr "Φύλακες Αντιστοιχίσεων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:72 src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:1
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:3
msgid "Luhn Algorithm"
msgstr "Αλγόριθμος Luhn"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:73
#, fuzzy
msgid "Pattern Matching (TBD)"
msgstr "Αντιστοίχιση προτύπων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:75
msgid "Day 2: Morning"
msgstr "2η μέρα: Πρωί"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:81 src/memory-management.md:1
msgid "Memory Management"
msgstr "Διαχείριση μνήμης"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:82
msgid "Stack vs Heap"
msgstr "Στοίβα και Σωρός"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:83
msgid "Stack Memory"
msgstr "Μνήμη στοίβας"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:84 src/memory-management/manual.md:1
msgid "Manual Memory Management"
msgstr "Χειροκίνητη διαχείριση μνήμης"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:85 src/memory-management/scope-based.md:1
msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management"
msgstr "Διαχείριση μνήμης βάσει εμβέλιας"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:86
msgid "Garbage Collection"
msgstr "Συλλογή σκουπιδιών"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:87
msgid "Rust Memory Management"
msgstr "Διαχείριση μνήμης στη Rust"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:88 src/memory-management/comparison.md:1
msgid "Comparison"
msgstr "Σύγκριση"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:89 src/ownership.md:1
msgid "Ownership"
msgstr "Ιδιοκτησία"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:90 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:1
msgid "Move Semantics"
msgstr "Σημασιολογία μετακίνησης"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:91 src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:1
msgid "Moved Strings in Rust"
msgstr "Μετακινημένες συμβολοσειρές στη Rust"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:92
msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++"
msgstr "Διπλές απελευθερώσεις μνήμης στη σύγχρονη C++"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:93 src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:1
msgid "Moves in Function Calls"
msgstr "Μετακινήσεις σε κλήσεις συναρτήσεων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:94 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:1
msgid "Copying and Cloning"
msgstr "Αντιγραφή και κλωνοποίηση"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:95 src/ownership/borrowing.md:1
msgid "Borrowing"
msgstr "Δανεισμός"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:96 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:1
msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows"
msgstr "Κοινόχρηστα και μοναδικά δάνεια"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:97 src/ownership/lifetimes.md:1
msgid "Lifetimes"
msgstr "Διάρκειες"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:98 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:1
msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls"
msgstr "Διάρκειες σε κλήσεις συναρτήσεων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:99 src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:1
msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures"
msgstr "Διάρκειες ζωής σε δομές δεδομένων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:101 src/exercises/day-2/book-library.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Storing Books"
msgstr "Συμβολοσειρές"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:102 src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:1
msgid "Iterators and Ownership"
msgstr "Iterators και ιδιοκτησία"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:104 src/structs.md:1
msgid "Structs"
msgstr "Δομές"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:105 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:1
msgid "Tuple Structs"
msgstr "Δομές Τούπλας"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:106 src/structs/field-shorthand.md:1
msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax"
msgstr "Συντομευμένο συντακτικό πεδίων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:108 src/methods/receiver.md:1
msgid "Method Receiver"
msgstr "Δέκτης Μεθόδων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:109 src/SUMMARY.md:169 src/SUMMARY.md:284
#: src/methods/example.md:1 src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:1
msgid "Example"
msgstr "Παράδειγμα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:111 src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:1
msgid "Health Statistics"
msgstr "Στατιστικά Υγείας"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:113
msgid "Day 2: Afternoon"
msgstr "2η μέρα: Απόγευμα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:115 src/std.md:1
msgid "Standard Library"
msgstr "Στάνταρ Βιβλιοθήκη"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:116
msgid "Option and Result"
msgstr "Option και Result"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:117 src/std/string.md:1
msgid "String"
msgstr "Συμβολοσειρές"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:118
msgid "Vec"
msgstr "Vec"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:119
msgid "HashMap"
msgstr "HashMap"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:120
msgid "Box"
msgstr "Box"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:121
msgid "Recursive Data Types"
msgstr "Αναδρομικοί τύποι δεδομένων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:122 src/std/box-niche.md:1
msgid "Niche Optimization"
msgstr "Εξειδικευμένη Βελτιστοποίηση"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:123
msgid "Rc"
msgstr "Rc"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:124
msgid "Cell/RefCell"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:125 src/modules.md:1
msgid "Modules"
msgstr "Δομικές Μονάδες"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:126 src/modules/visibility.md:1
msgid "Visibility"
msgstr "Ορατότητα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:127 src/modules/paths.md:1
msgid "Paths"
msgstr "Μονοπάτια"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:128 src/modules/filesystem.md:1
msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy"
msgstr "Ιεραρχία συστήματος αρχείων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:130 src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:1
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:3
msgid "Strings and Iterators"
msgstr "Συμβολοσειρές και Επαναλήπτες"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:133
msgid "Day 3: Morning"
msgstr "3η μέρα: Πρωί"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:138 src/generics.md:1
msgid "Generics"
msgstr "Γενικευσεις"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:139 src/generics/data-types.md:1
msgid "Generic Data Types"
msgstr "Γενικοί τύποι δεδομένων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:140 src/generics/methods.md:1
msgid "Generic Methods"
msgstr "Γενικές Μέθοδοι"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:141 src/generics/monomorphization.md:1
msgid "Monomorphization"
msgstr "Μονομορφοποίηση"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:142 src/traits.md:1
msgid "Traits"
msgstr "Χαρακτηριστικά"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:143 src/traits/trait-objects.md:1
msgid "Trait Objects"
msgstr "Αντικείμενα Χαρακτηριστικών"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:144 src/traits/deriving-traits.md:1
msgid "Deriving Traits"
msgstr "Εξάγωντας χαρακτηριστικά"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:145 src/traits/default-methods.md:1
msgid "Default Methods"
msgstr "Προ-υλοποιημένες μέθοδοι"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:146 src/traits/trait-bounds.md:1
msgid "Trait Bounds"
msgstr "Περιορισμοί χαρακτηριστικών"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:147
msgid "impl Trait"
msgstr "impl Trait"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:148 src/traits/important-traits.md:1
msgid "Important Traits"
msgstr "Σημαντικά Χαρακτηριστικά"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:149
msgid "Iterator"
msgstr "Iterator"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:150 src/traits/from-iterator.md:1
msgid "FromIterator"
msgstr "FromIterator"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:151
msgid "From and Into"
msgstr "From και Into"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:152
msgid "Read and Write"
msgstr "Read και Write"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:153
msgid "Drop"
msgstr "Drop"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:154
msgid "Default"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:155
#, fuzzy
msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..."
msgstr "Add, Mul, ..."
#: src/SUMMARY.md:156
msgid "Closures: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:158 src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:1
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:3
msgid "A Simple GUI Library"
msgstr "Μια απλή βιβλιοθήκη GUI"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:159 src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:175
msgid "Points and Polygons"
msgstr "Σημεία και Πολύγωνα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:161
msgid "Day 3: Afternoon"
msgstr "3η μέρα: Απόγευμα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:163 src/error-handling.md:1
msgid "Error Handling"
msgstr "Χειρισμός σφαλμάτων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:164 src/error-handling/panics.md:1
msgid "Panics"
msgstr "Πανικοί"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:165
msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding"
msgstr "Πιάνοντας ξετυλίγματα στοίβας"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:166
msgid "Structured Error Handling"
msgstr "Δομημένη διαχείριση σφαλμάτων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:167
msgid "Propagating Errors with ?"
msgstr "Διάδοση σφαλμάτων με ?"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:168 src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:1
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:1
msgid "Converting Error Types"
msgstr "Μετατροπή τύπων σφαλμάτων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:170 src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:1
msgid "Deriving Error Enums"
msgstr "Εξαγωγή απαριθμήσεων σφαλμάτων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:171 src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:1
msgid "Dynamic Error Types"
msgstr "Δυναμικοί τύποι σφαλμάτων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:172 src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:1
msgid "Adding Context to Errors"
msgstr "Προσθήκη περιεχομένου στα σφάλματα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:173 src/testing.md:1
msgid "Testing"
msgstr "Τεστ"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:174 src/testing/unit-tests.md:1
msgid "Unit Tests"
msgstr "Τεστ μονάδων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:175 src/testing/test-modules.md:1
msgid "Test Modules"
msgstr "Δομικές μονάδες τεστ"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:176 src/testing/doc-tests.md:1
msgid "Documentation Tests"
msgstr "Τεστ τεκμηρίωσης"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:177 src/testing/integration-tests.md:1
msgid "Integration Tests"
msgstr "Τεστ ενσωμάτωσης"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:178 src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:1
msgid "Useful crates"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:179 src/unsafe.md:1
msgid "Unsafe Rust"
msgstr "Μη ασφαλής Rust"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:180 src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:1
msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers"
msgstr "Αποαναφορά δεικτών"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:181 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:1
msgid "Mutable Static Variables"
msgstr "Μεταβλητές στατικές μεταβλητές"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:182 src/unsafe/unions.md:1
msgid "Unions"
msgstr "Σωματεία"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:183 src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:1
msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions"
msgstr "Κλήση μη ασφαλών συναρτήσεων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:184 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:1
msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions"
msgstr "Υλοποίηση μη ασφαλών συναρτήσεων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:185
msgid "Extern Functions"
msgstr "Εξωτερικές Συναρτήσεις"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:186 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:1
msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits"
msgstr "Υλοποίηση μη ασφαλών χαρακτηριστικών"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:188 src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:1
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:3
msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper"
msgstr "Ασφαλές περιτύλιγμα FFI"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:191 src/SUMMARY.md:261 src/bare-metal/android.md:1
msgid "Android"
msgstr "Android"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:196 src/android/setup.md:1
msgid "Setup"
msgstr "Προετοιμασία"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:197 src/android/build-rules.md:1
msgid "Build Rules"
msgstr "Κανόνες Κατασκευής"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:198
msgid "Binary"
msgstr "Εκτελέσιμα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:199
msgid "Library"
msgstr "Βιβλιοθήκες"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:200 src/android/aidl.md:1
msgid "AIDL"
msgstr "AIDL"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:201
msgid "Interface"
msgstr "Διεπαφές"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:202
msgid "Implementation"
msgstr "Υλοποίηση"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:203
msgid "Server"
msgstr "Εξυπηρετητής"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:204 src/android/aidl/deploy.md:1
msgid "Deploy"
msgstr "Deploy"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:205
msgid "Client"
msgstr "Πελάτης"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:206 src/android/aidl/changing.md:1
msgid "Changing API"
msgstr "Αλλαγή API"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:207 src/SUMMARY.md:251 src/android/logging.md:1
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:1
msgid "Logging"
msgstr "Καταγραφή"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:208 src/android/interoperability.md:1
msgid "Interoperability"
msgstr "Διαλειτουργικότητα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:209
msgid "With C"
msgstr "Με C"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:210
msgid "Calling C with Bindgen"
msgstr "Καλώντας C με Bindgen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:211
msgid "Calling Rust from C"
msgstr "Καλώντας Rust από C"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:212 src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:1
msgid "With C++"
msgstr "Με C++"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:213
msgid "With Java"
msgstr "Με Java"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:217
#, fuzzy
msgid "Bare Metal: Morning"
msgstr "Rust χωρίς λειτουργικό σύστημα: Πρωί;"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:222
msgid "no_std"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:223
msgid "A Minimal Example"
msgstr "Μικρό Παράδειγμα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:224
msgid "alloc"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:225 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:1
msgid "Microcontrollers"
msgstr "Μικροεπεξεργαστές"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:226 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:1
msgid "Raw MMIO"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:227
msgid "PACs"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:228
msgid "HAL Crates"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:229
msgid "Board Support Crates"
msgstr "Crates υποστήριξης πλακετών"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:230
msgid "The Type State Pattern"
msgstr "Το μοτίβο Τύπου Κατάστασης"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:231
msgid "embedded-hal"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:232
msgid "probe-rs, cargo-embed"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:233 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:1
msgid "Debugging"
msgstr "Αποσφαλμάτωση"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:234 src/SUMMARY.md:254
msgid "Other Projects"
msgstr "Επιπλέον Projects"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:236 src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:1
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:3
msgid "Compass"
msgstr "Πυξίδα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:238
#, fuzzy
msgid "Bare Metal: Afternoon"
msgstr "Rust χωρίς λειτουργικό σύστημα: Απόγευμα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:240
msgid "Application Processors"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:241 src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:1
msgid "Getting Ready to Rust"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:242
msgid "Inline Assembly"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:243
msgid "MMIO"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:244
msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver"
msgstr "Ας γράψουμε έναν οδηγό UART"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:245
msgid "More Traits"
msgstr "Επιπλέον Χαρακτηριστικά"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:246
msgid "A Better UART Driver"
msgstr "Ένας καλύτερος οδηγός UART"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:247 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:1
msgid "Bitflags"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:248
msgid "Multiple Registers"
msgstr "Πολλαπλοί καταχωρητές"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:249 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:1
msgid "Driver"
msgstr "Οδηγός"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:250 src/SUMMARY.md:252
#, fuzzy
msgid "Using It"
msgstr "Χρήση"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:253 src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exceptions"
msgstr "Συναρτήσεις"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:255
msgid "Useful Crates"
msgstr "Χρήσιμα Crates"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:256
msgid "zerocopy"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:257
msgid "aarch64-paging"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:258
msgid "buddy_system_allocator"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:259
msgid "tinyvec"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:260
msgid "spin"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:262 src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:1
msgid "vmbase"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:264
msgid "RTC Driver"
msgstr "Οδηγός RTC"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:267
#, fuzzy
msgid "Concurrency: Morning"
msgstr "Συγχρονισμός"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:272 src/concurrency/threads.md:1
msgid "Threads"
msgstr "Νήματα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:273 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1
msgid "Scoped Threads"
msgstr "Νήματα με εμβέλεια"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:274 src/concurrency/channels.md:1
msgid "Channels"
msgstr "Κανάλια"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:275 src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1
msgid "Unbounded Channels"
msgstr "Κανάλια χωρίς Όρια"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:276 src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1
msgid "Bounded Channels"
msgstr "Κανάλια με Όρια"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:277
msgid "Send and Sync"
msgstr "Send και Sync"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:277
msgid "Send"
msgstr "Send"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:277
msgid "Sync"
msgstr "Sync"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:280 src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1
msgid "Examples"
msgstr "Παραδείγματα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:281 src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1
msgid "Shared State"
msgstr "Κοινόχρηστα Δεδομένα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:282
msgid "Arc"
msgstr "Arc"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:283
msgid "Mutex"
msgstr "Mutex"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:286 src/SUMMARY.md:307
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:1
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:3
msgid "Dining Philosophers"
msgstr "Δείπνο με φιλόσοφους"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:287 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:1
msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker"
msgstr "Έλεγχος συνδέσμων πολλαπλών νημάτων"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:289
#, fuzzy
msgid "Concurrency: Afternoon"
msgstr "Συγχρονισμός"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:291
msgid "Async Basics"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:292
msgid "async/await"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:293 src/async/futures.md:1
msgid "Futures"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:294 src/async/runtimes.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Runtimes"
msgstr "Εγγυήσεις χρόνου εκτέλεσης"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:295 src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:1
msgid "Tokio"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:296 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:126
#: src/async/tasks.md:1 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:140
#, fuzzy
msgid "Tasks"
msgstr "Καθήκοντα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:297 src/async/channels.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Async Channels"
msgstr "Κανάλια"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:299 src/async/control-flow/join.md:1
msgid "Join"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:300 src/async/control-flow/select.md:1
msgid "Select"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:301
msgid "Pitfalls"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:302
msgid "Blocking the Executor"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:303 src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:1
msgid "Pin"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:304 src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Async Traits"
msgstr "Χαρακτηριστικά"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:305 src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Cancellation"
msgstr "Εγκατάσταση"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:308 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:1
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:119
msgid "Broadcast Chat Application"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:311
msgid "Final Words"
msgstr "Κλείσιμο"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:315 src/thanks.md:1
msgid "Thanks!"
msgstr "Ευχαριστήρια"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:316
msgid "Other Resources"
msgstr "Επιπλέον Υλικό"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:317 src/credits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Credits"
msgstr "Πιστώσεις"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:320 src/exercises/solutions.md:1
msgid "Solutions"
msgstr "Λύσεις"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:325
msgid "Day 1 Morning"
msgstr "1η ημέρα Πρωί"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:326
msgid "Day 1 Afternoon"
msgstr "1η μέρα Απόγευμα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:327
msgid "Day 2 Morning"
msgstr "2η ημέρα Πρωί"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:328
msgid "Day 2 Afternoon"
msgstr "2η μέρα Απόγευμα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:329
msgid "Day 3 Morning"
msgstr "3η ημέρα Πρωί"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:330
msgid "Day 3 Afternoon"
msgstr "3η μέρα Απόγευμα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:331
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning"
msgstr "Rust χωρίς λειτουργικό σύστημα: Πρωί"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:332 src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:1
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon"
msgstr "Rust χωρίς λειτουργικό σύστημα Απόγευμα"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:333
#, fuzzy
msgid "Concurrency Morning"
msgstr "Συγχρονισμός"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:334
#, fuzzy
msgid "Concurrency Afternoon"
msgstr "Συγχρονισμός"
#: src/index.md:3
msgid ""
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/"
"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/"
"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!"
"[GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/"
"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields."
"io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github."
"com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)"
msgstr ""
#: src/index.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a free Rust course developed by the Android team at Google. The "
"course covers the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced "
"topics like generics and error handling."
msgstr ""
"Αυτό είναι ένα τετραήμερο μάθημα Rust που αναπτύχθηκε από την ομάδα Android. "
"Το μάθημα καλύπτει το πλήρες φάσμα της Rust, από τη βασική σύνταξη έως τα "
"προηγμένα θέματα όπως οι γενικευμένοι τύποι και διαχείριση σφαλμάτων. "
"Περιλαμβάνει επίσης περιεχόμενο ειδικά για Android την τελευταία ημέρα."
#: src/index.md:11
msgid ""
"The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know "
"anything about Rust and hope to:"
msgstr ""
"Ο στόχος του μαθήματος είναι να σας διδάξει τη γλώσσα Rust. Υποθέτουμε ότι "
"δεν ξέρετε τίποτα σχετικά με τη Rust και ελπίζουμε να:"
#: src/index.md:14
msgid "Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language."
msgstr ""
"Σας δώσουμε μια ολοκληρωμένη κατανόηση της σύνταξης και της γλώσσας Rust."
#: src/index.md:15
msgid "Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust."
msgstr ""
"Σας καταστήσουμε ικανούς να τροποποιείτε υπάρχοντα προγράμματα και να "
"γράφετε νέα προγράμματα με τη Rust."
#: src/index.md:16
msgid "Show you common Rust idioms."
msgstr "Σας δείξουμε τους συνήθεις ιδιωματισμούς της Rust."
#: src/index.md:18
msgid "We call the first three course days Rust Fundamentals."
msgstr ""
#: src/index.md:20
msgid ""
"Building on this, you're invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:"
msgstr ""
#: src/index.md:22
msgid ""
"[Android](android.md): a half-day course on using Rust for Android platform "
"development (AOSP). This includes interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
msgstr ""
#: src/index.md:24
msgid ""
"[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): a whole-day class on using Rust for bare-metal "
"(embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application processors are "
"covered."
msgstr ""
#: src/index.md:27
msgid ""
"[Concurrency](concurrency.md): a whole-day class on concurrency in Rust. We "
"cover both classical concurrency (preemptively scheduling using threads and "
"mutexes) and async/await concurrency (cooperative multitasking using "
"futures)."
msgstr ""
#: src/index.md:33
msgid "Non-Goals"
msgstr "Μη-Στόχοι"
#: src/index.md:35
msgid ""
"Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few "
"days. Some non-goals of this course are:"
msgstr ""
"Η Rust είναι μια μεγάλη γλώσσα και δεν θα μπορούμε να την καλύψουμε όλη σε "
"λίγες μέρες. Μερικοί μη-στόχοι αυτού του μαθήματος είναι:"
#: src/index.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Learning how to develop macros: please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust Book]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by Example]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead."
msgstr ""
"Ανάπτυξη μακροεντολών, ανατρέξτε στο [Κεφάλαιο 19.5 στο Rust Book](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) και [Rust by Example](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) αντ' αυτού."
#: src/index.md:42
msgid "Assumptions"
msgstr "Υποθέσεις"
#: src/index.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a "
"statically-typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and "
"C++ to better explain or contrast the Rust approach."
msgstr ""
"Το μάθημα προϋποθέτει ότι γνωρίζετε ήδη πώς να προγραμματίζετε. Η Rust είναι "
"γλώσσα με στατικό σύτημα τύπων και μερικές φορές θα κάνουμε συγκρίσεις με C "
"και C++ για καλύτερη κατανόηση της προσέγγισης της Rust."
#: src/index.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you know how to program in a dynamically-typed language such as Python or "
"JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too."
msgstr ""
"Εάν γνωρίζετε πώς να προγραμματίζετε σε μια γλώσσα με δυναμικό σύστημα τύπων "
"όπως Python ή JavaScript, τότε θα μπορέσετε να ακολουθήσετε άνεση."
#: src/index.md:53
msgid ""
"This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional "
"information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor "
"should cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class."
msgstr ""
"Αυτό είναι ένα παράδειγμα _σημειώσεων ομιλητή_. Θα τις χρησιμοποιήσουμε για "
"να προσθέτουμε επιπλέον πληροφορίες στις διαφάνειες. Αυτές θα μπορούσαν να "
"είναι βασικά σημεία που θα πρέπει να καλύψει ο εκπαιδευτής καθώς και "
"απαντήσεις σε συχνές ερωτήσεις που προκύπτουν στην τάξη."
#: src/running-the-course.md:3 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:3
msgid "This page is for the course instructor."
msgstr "Αυτή η σελίδα είναι για τον εκπαιδευτή του μαθήματος."
#: src/running-the-course.md:5
msgid ""
"Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the "
"course internally at Google."
msgstr ""
"Ακολουθούν ορισμένες βασικές πληροφορίες σχετικά με τον τρόπο λειτουργίας "
"του μαθήματος εσωτερικά στην Google."
#: src/running-the-course.md:8
msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:"
msgstr "Για να διεξάξετε το μάθημα, πρέπει:"
#: src/running-the-course.md:10
msgid ""
"Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker "
"notes to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more "
"speaker notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker "
"notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker "
"Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class."
msgstr ""
"Εξοικειωθείτε με το υλικό του μαθήματος. Έχουμε συμπεριλάβει σημειώσεις "
"ομιλητών για να τονίσουμε τα βασικά σημεία (παρακαλούμε βοηθήστε μας "
"συνεισφέροντας περισσότερες σημειώσεις ομιλητή!). Κατά την παρουσίαση, θα "
"πρέπει να βεβαιωθείτε ότι ανοίγετε τις σημειώσεις του ομιλητή σε ένα "
"αναδυόμενο παράθυρο (κάντε κλικ στο σύνδεσμο με ένα μικρό βέλος δίπλα στο "
"\"Speaker Notes\"). Με αυτόν τον τρόπο έχετε μια καθαρή οθόνη για να "
"παρουσιάσετε στην τάξη."
#: src/running-the-course.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Decide on the dates. Since the course takes at least three full days, we "
"recommend that you schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants "
"have said that they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it "
"helps them process all the information we give them."
msgstr ""
"Αποφασίστε για τις ημερομηνίες. Επειδή το μάθημα είναι μεγάλο, σας "
"συνιστούμε να προγραμματίσετε τις τέσσερις ημέρες σε δύο εβδομάδες. Οι "
"προηγούμενοι συμμετέχοντες στο μάθημα θεωρούν χρήσιμο να υπάρχει ένα κενό "
"στο μάθημα, καθώς τους βοηθά να επεξεργάζονται όλες τις πληροφορίες που τους "
"δίνουμε."
#: src/running-the-course.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a "
"class size of 15-25 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable "
"asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have "
"time to answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself "
"and for the students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your "
"laptops. In particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an "
"instructor, so a lectern won't be very helpful for you."
msgstr ""
"Βρείτε ένα δωμάτιο αρκετά μεγάλο για όλους τους συμμετέχοντες. Προτείνουμε "
"μέγεθος τάξης 15-20 ατόμων. Είναι αρκετά μικρό ώστε οι άνθρωποι να "
"αισθάνονται άνετα να κάνουν ερωτήσεις - είναι επίσης αρκετά μικρό ώστε ένας "
"εκπαιδευτής να έχει χρόνο να απαντήσει. Βεβαιωθείτε ότι το δωμάτιο έχει "
"θρανία για εσάς και τους μαθητές: όλοι θα πρέπει να μπορείτε να καθίσετε και "
"να εργάζεστε με τους φορητούς υπολογιστές σας. Συγκεκριμένα, θα γράψετε πολύ "
"κώδικα ζωντανά ως εκπαιδευτής, επομένως ένα αναλόγιο δεν θα σας βοηθήσει "
"πολύ."
#: src/running-the-course.md:29
msgid ""
"On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things "
"up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your "
"laptop (see the [installation instructions](https://github.com/google/"
"comprehensive-rust#building)). This ensures optimal performance with no lag "
"as you change pages. Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as "
"you or the course participants spot them."
msgstr ""
"Την ημέρα του μαθήματος, εμφανιστείτε στην αίθουσα νωρίς για να ρυθμίσετε τα "
"πράγματα. Συνιστούμε την απευθείας παρουσίαση χρησιμοποιώντας την υπηρεσία "
"mdbook που εκτελείται στον φορητό υπολογιστή σας (δείτε τις οδηγίες "
"εγκατάστασης). Αυτό εξασφαλίζει βέλτιστη απόδοση χωρίς καθυστέρηση καθώς "
"αλλάζετε σελίδες. Η χρήση του φορητού υπολογιστή σας θα σας επιτρέψει επίσης "
"να διορθώσετε τυπογραφικά λάθη καθώς τα εντοπίζετε εσείς ή οι συμμετέχοντες "
"στο μάθημα."
#: src/running-the-course.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. We "
"typically spend 30-45 minutes on exercises in the morning and in the "
"afternoon (including time to review the solutions). Make sure to ask people "
"if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When you see "
"that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class and "
"offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant "
"information in the standard library."
msgstr ""
"Αφήστε τους μαθητές να λύσουν τις ασκήσεις μόνοι τους ή σε μικρές ομάδες. "
"Βεβαιωθείτε ότι τους ρωτάτε εάν έχουν κολλήσει ή εάν υπάρχει κάτι με το "
"οποίο μπορείτε να βοηθήσετε. Όταν δείτε ότι πολλά άτομα έχουν το ίδιο "
"πρόβλημα, αναφέρετέ το στην τάξη και προσφέρετε μια λύση, π.χ., δείχνοντας "
"στους μαθητές πού να βρουν τις σχετικές πληροφορίες στην τυπική βιβλιοθήκη."
#: src/running-the-course.md:43
msgid ""
"That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun "
"for you as it has been for us!"
msgstr ""
"Αυτό ήταν! Καλή επιτυχία στη διεξαγωγή του μαθήματος! Ελπίζουμε ότι θα είναι "
"τόσο διασκεδαστικό για εσάς όπως ήταν και για εμάς!"
#: src/running-the-course.md:46
msgid ""
"Please [provide feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
"discussions/86) afterwards so that we can keep improving the course. We "
"would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made better. "
"Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback](https://github.com/"
"google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!"
msgstr ""
"Παρακαλούμε [παρέχετε σχόλια](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
"discussions/86) μετά το μάθημα, ώστε να συνεχίσουμε να βελτιώνουμε το υλικό. "
"Θα θέλαμε να ακούσουμε τι πήγε καλά για εσάς και τι μπορεί να γίνει "
"καλύτερα. Οι μαθητές σας είναι επίσης πολύ ευπρόσδεκτοι να [μας στείλουν "
"σχόλια](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:5
msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:"
msgstr "Το μάθημα έχει γρήγορο ρυθμό και καλύπτει:"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:7
msgid "Day 1: Basic Rust, syntax, control flow, creating and consuming values."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Day 2: Memory management, ownership, compound data types, and the standard "
"library."
msgstr ""
"Ημέρα 2: Σύνθετοι τύποι δεδομένων, ταίριασμα προτύπων, τυπική βιβλιοθήκη."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 3: Generics, traits, error handling, testing, and unsafe Rust."
msgstr ""
"Ημέρα 3: Χαρακτηριστικά και γενικοί τύποι, χειρισμός σφαλμάτων, τεστ, μη "
"ασφαλής Rust."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:11
msgid "Deep Dives"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:13
msgid ""
"In addition to the 3-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more "
"specialized topics:"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust in Android"
msgstr "Rust Binaries"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:18
msgid ""
"The [Rust in Android](../android.md) deep dive is a half-day course on using "
"Rust for Android platform development. This includes interoperability with "
"C, C++, and Java."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You will need an [AOSP checkout](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/"
"download/downloading). Make a checkout of the [course repository](https://"
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) on the same machine and move the `src/"
"android/` directory into the root of your AOSP checkout. This will ensure "
"that the Android build system sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`."
msgstr ""
"Εάν δεν επιλέξετε τo κομμάτι του Android την 4η Ημέρα, θα χρειαστείτε ένα "
"\\[AOSP checkout\\]\\[1\\]. Δημιουργήστε ένα checkout από το \\[αποθετήριο "
"του μαθήματος\\]\\[2\\] στον ίδιο υπολογιστή και μετακινήστε τον κατάλογο "
"`src/android/` στη ρίζα του AOSP checkout σας. Αυτό θα διασφαλίσει ότι το "
"build system του Android βλέπει τα Αρχεία `Android.bp` κάτω από τον φάκελο "
"`src/android/`."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:27
msgid ""
"Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build "
"all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to "
"see the commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand."
msgstr ""
"Βεβαιωθείτε ότι το \"adb sync\" λειτουργεί με τον εξομοιωτή ή την συσκευή "
"σας και χτίστε όλα τα παραδείγματα του Android χρησιμοποιώντας το `src/"
"android/build_all.sh`. Διαβάστε το script για να δείτε τις εντολές που "
"εκτελεί και βεβαιωθείτε ότι λειτουργούν όταν τις εκτελείτε με το χέρι."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "Bare-Metal Rust"
msgstr "Rust χωρίς λειτουργικό σύστημα: Πρωί"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:36
msgid ""
"The [Bare-Metal Rust](../bare-metal.md) deep dive is a full day class on "
"using Rust for bare-metal (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and "
"application processors are covered."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:40
msgid ""
"For the microcontroller part, you will need to buy the [BBC micro:bit]"
"(https://microbit.org/) v2 development board ahead of time. Everybody will "
"need to install a number of packages as described on the [welcome page](../"
"bare-metal.md)."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid "Concurrency in Rust"
msgstr "Συγχρονισμός"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:47
msgid ""
"The [Concurrency in Rust](../concurrency.md) deep dive is a full day class "
"on classical as well as `async`/`await` concurrency."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:50
msgid ""
"You will need a fresh crate set up and the dependencies downloaded and ready "
"to go. You can then copy/paste the examples into `src/main.rs` to experiment "
"with them:"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:54
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"cargo init concurrency\n"
"cd concurrency\n"
"cargo add tokio --features full\n"
"cargo run\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:61
msgid "Format"
msgstr "Μορφή"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:63
msgid ""
"The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the "
"questions drive the exploration of Rust!"
msgstr ""
"Το μάθημα σχεδιάστηκε να είναι διαδραστικό και συνιστούμε να αφήσετε τις "
"ερωτήσεις να οδηγήσουν την κουβέντα γύρω από τη Rust!"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:3
msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:"
msgstr "Υπάρχουν πολλές χρήσιμες συντομεύσεις πληκτρολογίου στο mdBook:"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5
msgid "Arrow-Left"
msgstr "Βέλος-Αριστερά"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5
msgid ": Navigate to the previous page."
msgstr ": Μεταβείτε στην προηγούμενη σελίδα."
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6
msgid "Arrow-Right"
msgstr "Βέλος-Δεξιά"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6
msgid ": Navigate to the next page."
msgstr ": Μεταβείτε στην επόμενη σελίδα."
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7 src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
msgid "Ctrl + Enter"
msgstr "Ctrl + Enter"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7
msgid ": Execute the code sample that has focus."
msgstr ": Εκτελέστε το δείγμα κώδικα υπό εστίαση."
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8
msgid "s"
msgstr "s"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8
msgid ": Activate the search bar."
msgstr ": Ενεργοποιήστε τη γραμμή αναζήτησης."
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:3
msgid ""
"The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful "
"volunteers:"
msgstr ""
"Το μάθημα έχουμε μεταφραστεί σε άλλες γλώσσες από ένα σύνολο εκπληκτικών "
"εθελοντών:"
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:6
msgid ""
"[Brazilian Portuguese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) "
"by [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://github."
"com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes) and "
"[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:7
msgid ""
"[Korean](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) by [@keispace]"
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) and "
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:9
msgid ""
"Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages."
msgstr ""
"Χρησιμοποιήστε την επιλογή γλώσσας στην πάνω-δεξιά γωνία για να αλλάξετε "
"γλώσσα."
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "Incomplete Translations"
msgstr "Μεταφράσεις"
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:13
msgid ""
"There is a large number of in-progress translations. We link to the most "
"recently updated translations:"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:16
msgid ""
"[Bengali](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) by [@raselmandol]"
"(https://github.com/raselmandol)."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:17
msgid ""
"[French](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) by [@KookaS]"
"(https://github.com/KookaS) and [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen)."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:18
msgid ""
"[German](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) by [@Throvn]"
"(https://github.com/Throvn) and [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:19
msgid ""
"[Japanese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) by [@CoinEZ-JPN]"
"(https://github.com/CoinEZ) and [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/"
"momotaro1105)."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:21
msgid ""
"If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions](https://"
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) for how to "
"get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker](https://"
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)."
msgstr ""
"Εάν θέλετε να βοηθήσετε στη μεταγλώττιση δείτε τις οδηγίες μας για το πώςνα "
"ξεκινήσετε. Οι μεταφράσεις οργανώνονται στον [issue tracker](https://github."
"com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)."
#: src/cargo.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool used in the Rust ecosystem to build "
"and run Rust applications. Here we want to give a brief overview of what "
"Cargo is and how it fits into the wider ecosystem and how it fits into this "
"training."
msgstr ""
"Όταν αρχίσετε να διαβάζετε για το Rust, σύντομα θα συναντήσετε το [Cargo]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/), το τυπικό εργαλείο χρησιμοποιείται στο "
"οικοσύστημα Rust για τη δημιουργία και εκτέλεση εφαρμογών Rust. Εδώ θέλουμε "
"δώστε μια σύντομη επισκόπηση του τι είναι το Cargo και πώς ταιριάζει στο "
"ευρύτερο οικοσύστημα και πώς ταιριάζει σε αυτή την εκπαίδευση."
#: src/cargo.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Installation"
msgstr "Εγκατάσταση"
#: src/cargo.md:10
msgid "**Please follow the instructions on <https://rustup.rs/>.**"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This will give you the Cargo build tool (`cargo`) and the Rust compiler "
"(`rustc`). You will also get `rustup`, a command line utility that you can "
"use to install/switch toolchains, setup cross compilation, etc."
msgstr ""
"Μαζί με το cargo και το rustc, το Rustup θα εγκατασταθεί ως βοηθητικό "
"πρόγραμμα γραμμής εντολών που μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε για να "
"εγκαταστήσετε/εναλλάξετε αλυσίδες εργαλείων, να ρυθμίσετε τη διασταυρούμενη "
"μεταγλώττιση κ.λπ."
#: src/cargo.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"On Debian/Ubuntu, you can also install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust "
"formatter](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) via `apt`. However, this "
"gets you an outdated rust version and may lead to unexpected behavior. The "
"command would be:"
msgstr ""
"Στο Debian/Ubuntu, μπορείτε να εγκαταστήσετε το Cargo και την πηγή Rust με"
#: src/cargo.md:18
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We suggest using [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) to edit the code "
"(but any LSP compatible editor works with rust-analyzer[3](https://rust-"
"analyzer.github.io/))."
msgstr ""
"Αυτό θα επιτρέψει στον \\[rust-analyzer\\]\\[1\\] να μεταβεί στους ορισμούς. "
"Προτείνουμε τη χρήση [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) για να "
"επεξεργαστείτε τον κώδικα (αλλά κάθε πρόγραμμα επεξεργασίας συμβατό με LSP "
"λειτουργεί)."
#: src/cargo.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/"
"clion/) family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own "
"tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin](https://www."
"jetbrains.com/rust/). Please take note that as of January 2023 debugging "
"only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite."
msgstr ""
"Σε μερικούς ανθρώπους αρέσει επίσης να χρησιμοποιούν την οικογένεια IDE "
"[JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/), που κάνουν τη δική τους "
"ανάλυση αλλά έχουν τις δικές τους ανταλλαγές. Εάν τα προτιμάτε, μπορείτε να "
"εγκαταστήσετε το [Rust Plugin](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/). Λάβετε "
"υπόψη ότι από τον Ιανουάριο του 2023 ο εντοπισμός σφαλμάτων λειτουργεί μόνο "
"στην έκδοση CLion της σουίτας JetBrains IDEA."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Rust Ecosystem"
msgstr "Το οικοσύστημα της σκουριάς"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:"
msgstr ""
"Το οικοσύστημα Rust αποτελείται από μια σειρά από εργαλεία, από τα οποία τα "
"κυριότερα είναι:"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other "
"intermediate formats."
msgstr ""
"«rustup»: το πρόγραμμα εγκατάστασης και ενημέρωσης της αλυσίδας εργαλείων "
"Rust. Αυτό το εργαλείο χρησιμοποιείται για να εγκαταστήστε και ενημερώστε τα "
"«rustc» και «cargo» όταν κυκλοφορήσουν νέες εκδόσεις του Rust. Επιπλέον, το "
"\"rustup\" μπορεί επίσης να κατεβάσει τεκμηρίωση για το πρότυπο βιβλιοθήκη. "
"Μπορείτε να εγκαταστήσετε πολλές εκδόσεις του Rust ταυτόχρονα και το "
"\"rustup\". θα σας επιτρέψει να κάνετε εναλλαγή μεταξύ τους ανάλογα με τις "
"ανάγκες."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:8
msgid ""
"`cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to "
"download dependencies, usually hosted on <https://crates.io>, and it will "
"pass them to `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a "
"built-in test runner which is used to execute unit tests."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:13
msgid ""
"`rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to "
"install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust is "
"released. In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the "
"standard library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once "
"and `rustup` will let you switch between them as needed."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 src/why-rust/runtime.md:10
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:21 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:30
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:23
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:35
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:48
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:50
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:30 src/async/async-await.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "Key points:"
msgstr "Βασικά σημεία:"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:23
msgid ""
"Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out every six "
"weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with old releases --- "
"plus they enable new functionality."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:27
msgid ""
"There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:29
msgid ""
"New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes "
"\"stable\" every six weeks."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:32
msgid ""
"Dependencies can also be resolved from alternative [registries](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html), git, folders, and more."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:34
msgid ""
"Rust also has [editions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): the "
"current edition is Rust 2021. Previous editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:37
msgid ""
"The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to the "
"language."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:40
msgid ""
"To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the edition for "
"your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:43
msgid ""
"To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code written for "
"different editions."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:46
msgid ""
"Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through "
"`cargo` (most users never do)."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:48
msgid ""
"It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and "
"comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but "
"not limited to: "
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:49
msgid "Project/package structure"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:50
msgid "[workspaces](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:51
msgid "Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:52
msgid ""
"[build scripting](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts."
"html)"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:53
msgid ""
"[global installation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install."
"html)"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:54
msgid ""
"It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo "
"clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:55
msgid ""
"Read more from the [official Cargo Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Code Samples in This Training"
msgstr "Δείγματα κώδικα σε αυτήν την εκπαίδευση"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through examples "
"which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier "
"and ensures a consistent experience for everyone."
msgstr ""
"Για αυτήν την εκπαίδευση, θα εξερευνήσουμε κυρίως τη γλώσσα Rust μέσω "
"παραδειγμάτων που μπορεί να εκτελεστεί μέσω του προγράμματος περιήγησής σας. "
"Αυτό κάνει τη ρύθμιση πολύ πιο εύκολη και εξασφαλίζει μια συνεπή εμπειρία "
"για όλους."
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do "
"the exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you "
"how to work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo."
msgstr ""
"Η εγκατάσταση Cargo εξακολουθεί να ενθαρρύνεται: θα σας διευκολύνει να το "
"κάνετε γυμνάσια. Την τελευταία μέρα, θα κάνουμε μια μεγαλύτερη άσκηση που "
"σας δείχνει πώς να το κάνετε εργαστείτε με εξαρτήσεις και για αυτό "
"χρειάζεστε Cargo."
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:"
msgstr "Τα μπλοκ κώδικα σε αυτό το μάθημα είναι πλήρως διαδραστικά:"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:13
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can use "
msgstr "Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε το "
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid " to execute the code when focus is in the text box."
msgstr ""
" για να εκτελέσετε τον κώδικα όταν η εστίαση βρίσκεται στο πλαίσιο κειμένου."
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples are not "
"editable for various reasons:"
msgstr ""
"Τα περισσότερα δείγματα κώδικα είναι επεξεργάσιμα όπως φαίνεται παραπάνω. "
"Μερικά δείγματα κώδικα δεν είναι επεξεργάσιμα για διάφορους λόγους:"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the code and "
"open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests."
msgstr ""
"Οι ενσωματωμένες παιδικές χαρές χάνουν την κατάστασή τους τη στιγμή που "
"πλοηγείστε μακριά από τη σελίδα! Αυτός είναι ο λόγος που πρέπει οι μαθητές "
"λύστε τις ασκήσεις χρησιμοποιώντας τοπική εγκατάσταση Rust ή μέσω του "
"Παιδική χαρά."
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:30
msgid ""
"The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate away from "
"the page! This is the reason that the students should solve the exercises "
"using a local Rust installation or via the Playground."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Running Code Locally with Cargo"
msgstr "Κωδικός λειτουργίας τοπικά με φορτίο"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will "
"need to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the "
"Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). This "
"should give you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time of writing, the "
"latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:"
msgstr ""
"Εάν θέλετε να πειραματιστείτε με τον κώδικα στο δικό σας σύστημα, τότε θα "
"χρειαστείτε για να εγκαταστήσετε πρώτα το Rust. Κάντε αυτό ακολουθώντας τις "
"[οδηγίες στο Rust Βιβλίο](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-"
"installation.html). Αυτό θα σας δώσει ένα λειτουργικό «rustc» και «cargo». "
"Την εποχή του γράφοντας, η τελευταία σταθερή έκδοση Rust έχει αυτούς τους "
"αριθμούς έκδοσης:"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:8
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"% rustc --version\n"
"rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n"
"% cargo --version\n"
"cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:15
msgid ""
"You can use any later version too since Rust maintains backwards "
"compatibility."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one of "
"the examples in this training:"
msgstr ""
"Εφόσον υπάρχει αυτό, ακολουθήστε αυτά τα βήματα για να δημιουργήσετε ένα "
"δυαδικό αρχείο Rust από ένα από τα παραδείγματα αυτής της εκπαίδευσης:"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:20
msgid "Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:22
msgid ""
"Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:24
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ cargo new exercise\n"
" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:29
msgid ""
"Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:31
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ cd exercise\n"
"$ cargo run\n"
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
"Hello, world!\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:40
msgid ""
"Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For "
"example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:43
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:49
msgid "Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:51
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ cargo run\n"
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
"Edit me!\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:59
msgid ""
"Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo "
"build` to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/"
"debug/` for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an "
"optimized release build in `target/release/`."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:64
msgid ""
"You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you "
"run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing "
"dependencies for you."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:72
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a local "
"editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a normal "
"development environment."
msgstr ""
"Προσπαθήστε να ενθαρρύνετε τους συμμετέχοντες στην τάξη να εγκαταστήσουν το "
"Cargo και χρησιμοποιήστε το α τοπικός συντάκτης. Θα τους κάνει τη ζωή πιο "
"εύκολη αφού θα έχουν α κανονικό περιβάλλον ανάπτυξης."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Welcome to Day 1"
msgstr "Καλώς ήρθατε στην Ημέρα 1"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is the first day of Rust Fundamentals. We will cover a lot of ground "
"today:"
msgstr ""
"Αυτή είναι η πρώτη μέρα του Comprehensive Rust. Θα καλύψουμε πολύ έδαφος "
"σήμερα:"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:6
msgid ""
"Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs, "
"references, functions, and methods."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:9
msgid ""
"Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, and "
"`continue`."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:12
msgid "Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "Please remind the students that:"
msgstr "Υπενθυμίστε στους μαθητές ότι:"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end."
msgstr ""
"Θα πρέπει να κάνουν ερωτήσεις όταν τις πάρουν, μην τις αποθηκεύσετε μέχρι το "
"τέλος."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much "
"encouraged!"
msgstr ""
"Η τάξη προορίζεται να είναι διαδραστική και οι συζητήσεις ενθαρρύνονται πολύ!"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i.e., "
"keep the discussions related to how Rust does things vs some other "
"language. It can be hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of "
"allowing discussions since they engage people much more than one-way "
"communication."
msgstr ""
"Ως εκπαιδευτής, θα πρέπει να προσπαθήσετε να διατηρήσετε τις συζητήσεις "
"σχετικές, π.χ. κρατήστε τη σχετική με το πώς κάνει τα πράγματα ο Rust σε "
"σχέση με κάποια άλλη γλώσσα. Μπορεί να είναι δύσκολο να βρεις τη σωστή "
"ισορροπία, αλλά σφάλλησε να επιτρέψεις συζητήσεις αφού εμπλέκουν τους "
"ανθρώπους πολύ περισσότερο από τη μονόδρομη επικοινωνία."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the slides."
msgstr ""
"Οι ερωτήσεις πιθανότατα θα σημαίνουν ότι είμαστε για τα πράγματα πριν από "
"τις διαφάνειες."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. "
"Remember that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as "
"you like."
msgstr ""
"Αυτό είναι απολύτως εντάξει! Η επανάληψη είναι ένα σημαντικό μέρος της "
"κλίσης. Θυμάμαι ότι οι διαφάνειες είναι απλώς μια υποστήριξη και είστε "
"ελεύθεροι να τις παραλείψετε όπως εσείς αρέσει."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to "
"speak about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a "
"major feature and we should show students this right away."
msgstr ""
"Η ιδέα για την πρώτη μέρα είναι να δείξουμε _αρκετά_ Rust για να μπορέσει να "
"μιλήσει για το περίφημο δάνειο πούλι. Ο τρόπος με τον οποίο η Rust "
"χειρίζεται τη μνήμη είναι ένα σημαντικό χαρακτηριστικό και αυτό θα πρέπει να "
"το δείξουμε αμέσως στους μαθητές."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the "
"schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the slides):"
msgstr ""
"Εάν το διδάσκετε σε μια τάξη, αυτό είναι ένα καλό μέρος για να το δείτε "
"πρόγραμμα. Προτείνουμε να χωρίσετε την ημέρα σε δύο μέρη (ακολουθώντας τις "
"διαφάνειες):"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "Morning: 9:00 to 12:00,"
msgstr "Πρωί: 9:00 έως 12:00,"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00."
msgstr "Απόγευμα: 13:00 έως 16:00."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include "
"breaks, we recommend a break every hour!"
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε φυσικά να το προσαρμόσετε όπως απαιτείται. Φροντίστε να "
"συμπεριλάβετε διαλείμματα, προτείνουμε ένα διάλειμμα κάθε ώρα!"
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015]"
"(https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):"
msgstr ""
"Η Rust είναι μια νέα γλώσσα προγραμματισμού που κυκλοφόρησε το 1.0 το 2015:"
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++"
msgstr ""
"Η Rust είναι μια στατικά μεταγλωττισμένη γλώσσα με παρόμοιο ρόλο με τη C++"
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "`rustc` uses LLVM as its backend."
msgstr "Το \"rustc\" χρησιμοποιεί το LLVM ως backend του."
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust supports many [platforms and architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):"
msgstr ""
"Το Rust υποστηρίζει πολλές [πλατφόρμες και αρχιτεκτονικές](https://doc.rust-"
"lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):"
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..."
msgstr "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..."
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..."
msgstr "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..."
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust is used for a wide range of devices:"
msgstr "Το Rust χρησιμοποιείται για ένα ευρύ φάσμα συσκευών:"
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "firmware and boot loaders,"
msgstr "υλικολογισμικό και φορτωτές εκκίνησης,"
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "smart displays,"
msgstr "έξυπνες οθόνες,"
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "mobile phones,"
msgstr "κινητά τηλέφωνα,"
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "desktops,"
msgstr "επιτραπέζιοι υπολογιστές,"
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "servers."
msgstr "διακομιστές."
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:"
msgstr "Η σκουριά ταιριάζει στην ίδια περιοχή με το C++:"
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "High flexibility."
msgstr "Υψηλή ευελιξία."
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "High level of control."
msgstr "Υψηλό επίπεδο ελέγχου."
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Can be scaled down to very constrained devices such as microcontrollers."
msgstr "Μπορεί να μειωθεί σε πολύ περιορισμένες συσκευές όπως κινητά τηλέφωνα."
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "Has no runtime or garbage collection."
msgstr "Δεν έχει χρόνο εκτέλεσης ή συλλογή σκουπιδιών."
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance."
msgstr ""
"Εστιάζει στην αξιοπιστία και την ασφάλεια χωρίς να θυσιάζει την απόδοση."
#: src/hello-world.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World "
"program:"
msgstr ""
"Ας μεταβούμε στο απλούστερο δυνατό πρόγραμμα Rust, ένα κλασικό Hello World "
"πρόγραμμα:"
#: src/hello-world.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "What you see:"
msgstr "Τι βλέπεις:"
#: src/hello-world.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "Functions are introduced with `fn`."
msgstr "Οι συναρτήσεις εισάγονται με το «fn»."
#: src/hello-world.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++."
msgstr "Τα μπλοκ οριοθετούνται με σγουρά τιράντες όπως στο C και το C++."
#: src/hello-world.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `main` function is the entry point of the program."
msgstr "Η λειτουργία «κύρια» είναι το σημείο εισόδου του προγράμματος."
#: src/hello-world.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this."
msgstr ""
"Το Rust έχει υγιεινές μακροεντολές, το «println!» είναι ένα παράδειγμα αυτού."
#: src/hello-world.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character."
msgstr ""
"Οι συμβολοσειρές Rust έχουν κωδικοποίηση UTF-8 και μπορούν να περιέχουν "
"οποιονδήποτε χαρακτήρα Unicode."
#: src/hello-world.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will "
"see a ton of it over the next three days so we start small with something "
"familiar."
msgstr ""
"Αυτή η διαφάνεια προσπαθεί να κάνει τους μαθητές άνετα με τον κώδικα Rust. "
"Θα δουν ένας τόνος από αυτό τις επόμενες τέσσερις ημέρες, οπότε ξεκινάμε "
"μικρά με κάτι οικείο."
#: src/hello-world.md:27
msgid ""
"Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is "
"imperative and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless absolutely necessary."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world.md:31
msgid "Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world.md:33
msgid ""
"Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of "
"arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world.md:36
msgid ""
"Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers "
"from the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only [partially "
"hygienic](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene."
"html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world.md:40
msgid ""
"Rust is multi-paradigm. For example, it has powerful [object-oriented "
"programming features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop.html), and, "
"while it is not a functional language, it includes a range of [functional "
"concepts](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-features.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:"
msgstr "Ακολουθεί ένα μικρό παράδειγμα προγράμματος στο Rust:"
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() { // Program entry point\n"
" let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n"
" print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n"
" while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n"
" if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n"
" x = x / 2;\n"
" } else {\n"
" x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
" }\n"
" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n"
" }\n"
" println!();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop "
"will always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with "
"different inputs."
msgstr ""
"Ο κώδικας υλοποιεί την εικασία Collatz: πιστεύεται ότι ο βρόχος θα πάντα "
"τελειώνει, αλλά αυτό δεν έχει ακόμη αποδειχθεί. Επεξεργαστείτε τον κώδικα "
"και παίξτε με διαφορετικά εισροές."
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:29
msgid ""
"Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to "
"trigger type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer "
"overflow."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:32
msgid "Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:34
msgid ""
"Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match the "
"format string."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:37
msgid ""
"Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an "
"expression which is more complex than just a single variable."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:40
msgid ""
"Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::"
"fmt` which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important "
"that the students become familiar with searching in the standard library."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:44
msgid ""
"In a shell `rustup doc std::fmt` will open a browser on the local std::fmt "
"documentation"
msgstr ""
#: src/why-rust.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:"
msgstr "Μερικά μοναδικά σημεία πώλησης του Rust:"
#: src/why-rust.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Compile time memory safety."
msgstr "Συγκεντρώστε την ασφάλεια της μνήμης χρόνου."
#: src/why-rust.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Lack of undefined runtime behavior."
msgstr "Έλλειψη απροσδιόριστης συμπεριφοράς χρόνου εκτέλεσης."
#: src/why-rust.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Modern language features."
msgstr "Χαρακτηριστικά σύγχρονης γλώσσας."
#: src/why-rust.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. "
"Depending on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:"
msgstr ""
"Φροντίστε να ρωτήσετε την τάξη με ποιες γλώσσες έχουν εμπειρία. Σε συνάρτηση "
"στην απάντηση μπορείτε να επισημάνετε διαφορετικά χαρακτηριστικά του Rust:"
#: src/why-rust.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_ "
"via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't "
"have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with "
"constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management."
msgstr ""
"Εμπειρία με Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: Έχετε την ίδια ασφάλεια μνήμης "
"όπως σε αυτές τις γλώσσες, συν ένα παρόμοιο γλωσσικό συναίσθημα υψηλού "
"επιπέδου. Επιπλέον έχετε γρήγορη και προβλέψιμη απόδοση όπως C και C++ "
"(χωρίς σκουπιδοσυλλέκτη) καθώς και πρόσβαση σε υλικό χαμηλού επιπέδου (σε "
"περίπτωση που το χρειάζεστε)"
#: src/why-rust.md:19
msgid ""
"Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory "
"safety as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In "
"addition you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage "
"collector) as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)"
msgstr ""
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Static memory management at compile time:"
msgstr "Διαχείριση στατικής μνήμης κατά το χρόνο μεταγλώττισης:"
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "No uninitialized variables."
msgstr "Δεν υπάρχουν μη αρχικοποιημένες μεταβλητές."
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes)."
msgstr "Δεν υπάρχουν διαρροές μνήμης (_κυρίως_, βλέπε σημειώσεις)."
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "No double-frees."
msgstr "Χωρίς διπλό δωρεάν."
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "No use-after-free."
msgstr "Καμία χρήση-μετά-δωρεάν."
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "No `NULL` pointers."
msgstr "Δεν υπάρχουν δείκτες «NULL»."
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "No forgotten locked mutexes."
msgstr "Όχι ξεχασμένα κλειδωμένα mutexes."
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "No data races between threads."
msgstr "Δεν υπάρχουν αγώνες δεδομένων μεταξύ των νημάτων."
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "No iterator invalidation."
msgstr "Χωρίς ακύρωση επαναληπτικού."
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples are:"
msgstr ""
"Είναι δυνατό να προκληθούν διαρροές μνήμης στο (ασφαλές) Rust. Μερικά "
"παραδείγματα είναι:"
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can use [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box."
"html#method.leak) to leak a pointer. A use of this could be to get runtime-"
"initialized and runtime-sized static variables"
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε το [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"boxed/struct.Box.html#method.leak) για να διαρρεύσετε έναν δείκτη. Μια χρήση "
"αυτού θα μπορούσε να λάβετε στατικές μεταβλητές με αρχικοποίηση χρόνου "
"εκτέλεσης και στατικές μεταβλητές μεγέθους χρόνου εκτέλεσης"
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can use [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget."
"html) to make the compiler \"forget\" about a value (meaning the destructor "
"is never run)."
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε το [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang."
"org/std/mem/fn.forget.html) για να κάνετε τον μεταγλωττιστή να \"ξεχάσει\" "
"μια τιμή (που σημαίνει ότι ο καταστροφέας δεν εκτελείται ποτέ)."
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle](https://doc.rust-lang."
"org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) with `Rc` or `Arc`."
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε επίσης να δημιουργήσετε κατά λάθος έναν \\[κύκλο αναφοράς\\] με "
"\"Rc\" ή «Τόξο»."
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory leak "
"and Rust does not protect from those."
msgstr ""
"Στην πραγματικότητα, ορισμένοι θα εξετάσουν το ενδεχόμενο να συμπληρώσουν "
"άπειρα μια συλλογή ως ανάμνηση διαρροή και η Rust δεν προστατεύει από αυτά."
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood as "
"\"Pretty much no _accidental_ memory leaks\"."
msgstr ""
"Για τους σκοπούς αυτού του μαθήματος, θα πρέπει να γίνει κατανοητό το \"No "
"memory leaks\". ως \"Σχεδόν καμία _τυχαία_ διαρροή μνήμης\"."
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "No undefined behavior at runtime:"
msgstr "Χωρίς απροσδιόριστη συμπεριφορά κατά το χρόνο εκτέλεσης:"
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Array access is bounds checked."
msgstr "Η πρόσβαση σε πίνακα έχει επιλεγεί τα όρια."
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Integer overflow is defined (panic or wrap-around)."
msgstr "Ορίζεται υπερχείλιση ακέραιου αριθμού."
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Integer overflow is defined via the [`overflow-checks`](https://doc.rust-"
"lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-checks) compile-time "
"flag. If enabled, the program will panic (a controlled crash of the "
"program), otherwise you get wrap-around semantics. By default, you get "
"panics in debug mode (`cargo build`) and wrap-around in release mode (`cargo "
"build --release`)."
msgstr ""
"Η υπερχείλιση ακέραιου αριθμού ορίζεται μέσω μιας επισήμανσης χρόνου "
"μεταγλώττισης. Οι επιλογές είναι είτε ένας πανικός (ένα ελεγχόμενο crash του "
"προγράμματος) είτε να αναδιπλωθεί σημασιολογία. Από προεπιλογή, λαμβάνετε "
"πανικό στη λειτουργία εντοπισμού σφαλμάτων (\"κατασκευή φορτίου\") και "
"περιτύλιξη σε λειτουργία απελευθέρωσης («κατασκευή φορτίου --απελευθέρωση»)."
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:18
msgid ""
"Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also not be "
"disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However, `unsafe` allows you to "
"call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked` which does not do bounds "
"checking."
msgstr ""
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last decades."
msgstr ""
"Το Rust κατασκευάζεται με όλη την εμπειρία που αποκτήθηκε τα τελευταία 40 "
"χρόνια."
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Language Features"
msgstr "Χαρακτηριστικά γλώσσας"
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Enums and pattern matching."
msgstr "Αριθμοί και αντιστοίχιση μοτίβων."
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Generics."
msgstr "Γενόσημα."
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "No overhead FFI."
msgstr "Όχι γενικά FFI."
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "Zero-cost abstractions."
msgstr "Αφαιρέσεις μηδενικού κόστους."
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "Tooling"
msgstr "Εργαλεία"
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "Great compiler errors."
msgstr "Μεγάλα λάθη μεταγλωττιστή."
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "Built-in dependency manager."
msgstr "Ενσωματωμένος διαχειριστής εξαρτήσεων."
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "Built-in support for testing."
msgstr "Ενσωματωμένη υποστήριξη για δοκιμές."
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "Excellent Language Server Protocol support."
msgstr "Εξαιρετική υποστήριξη πρωτοκόλλου διακομιστή γλώσσας."
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:23
msgid ""
"Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to 'pay' "
"for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example, "
"writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level "
"instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct."
msgstr ""
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:28
msgid ""
"It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', also "
"known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like "
"`Option<T>` and `Result<T, E>`."
msgstr ""
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:32
msgid ""
"Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to "
"ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more "
"talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with _actionable_ "
"feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code."
msgstr ""
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:37
msgid ""
"The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, Python, "
"and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard "
"and essential:"
msgstr ""
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:41
msgid "a random number generator, but see [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)."
msgstr ""
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:42
msgid "support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)."
msgstr ""
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:43
msgid "support for JSON, but see [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)."
msgstr ""
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:45
msgid ""
"The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library "
"cannot go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the "
"Rust community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps "
"there isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things."
msgstr ""
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:50
msgid ""
"Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this "
"makes it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence "
"of this is that the standard library can be smaller."
msgstr ""
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:54
msgid ""
"Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like <https://"
"lib.rs/> help with this by letting you compare health metrics for crates to "
"find a good and trusted one."
msgstr ""
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:58
msgid ""
"[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) is a well supported LSP "
"implementation used in major IDEs and text editors."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:"
msgstr "Μεγάλο μέρος της σύνταξης Rust θα σας είναι οικείο από τη C ή τη C++:"
#: src/basic-syntax.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Blocks and scopes are delimited by curly braces."
msgstr "Τα μπλοκ και τα πεδία οριοθετούνται με σγουρά τιράντες."
#: src/basic-syntax.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/* ... "
"*/`."
msgstr ""
"Τα σχόλια γραμμής ξεκινούν με `//`, τα σχόλια αποκλεισμού οριοθετούνται από "
"`/* ... */`."
#: src/basic-syntax.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same."
msgstr "Λέξεις-κλειδιά όπως «αν» και «ενώ» λειτουργούν το ίδιο."
#: src/basic-syntax.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`."
msgstr "Η ανάθεση μεταβλητής γίνεται με `=`, η σύγκριση γίνεται με `==`."
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "Types"
msgstr ""
"\\| | Τύποι | Κυριολεκτικά | "
"\\|------------------------------------------------- "
"-------------------------------------------------- --| \\| Υπογεγραμμένοι "
"ακέραιοι αριθμοί | `i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize` | `-10`, `0`, "
"`1_000`, `123i64` | \\| Ανυπόγραφοι ακέραιοι αριθμοί | «u8», «u16», «u32», "
"«u64», «u128», «χρήση» | `0`, `123`, `10u16` | \\| Αριθμοί κινητής "
"υποδιαστολής | `f32`, `f64` | `3,14`, `-10,0e20`, `2f32` | \\| Χορδές | "
"`&str` | `\"foo\"`, `r#\"\\\\\"#` | \\| Βαθμωτές τιμές Unicode | `χαρ` | "
"`'a', `'α'`, `'∞'`| | Συμβολοσειρές byte |`&\\[u8\\]`|`b\"abc\"`, `br#\" \" "
"\"#\" | \\| Booleans | «μπουλ» | \"αληθές\", \"ψευδές\" |"
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3
msgid "Literals"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5
msgid "Signed integers"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5
msgid "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5
msgid "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6
msgid "Unsigned integers"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6
msgid "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6
msgid "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7
msgid "Floating point numbers"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7
msgid "`f32`, `f64`"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7
msgid "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8
msgid "Strings"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8
msgid "`&str`"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8
msgid "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9
msgid "Unicode scalar values"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9
msgid "`char`"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9
msgid "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10
msgid "Booleans"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10
msgid "`bool`"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10
msgid "`true`, `false`"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "The types have widths as follows:"
msgstr "Οι τύποι έχουν πλάτη ως εξής:"
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "`iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide,"
msgstr "Τα \"iN\", \"uN\" και \"fN\" έχουν πλάτος _N_ bit,"
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "`isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer,"
msgstr "Το \"isize\" και το \"usize\" είναι το πλάτος ενός δείκτη,"
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "`char` is 32 bits wide,"
msgstr "Το \"char\" έχει πλάτος 32 bit,"
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "`bool` is 8 bits wide."
msgstr "Το «bool» έχει πλάτος 8 bit."
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:21
msgid "There are a few syntaxes which are not shown above:"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:23
msgid ""
"Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: "
"`r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal "
"amount of `#` on either side of the quotes:"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:27
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(r#\"<a href=\"link.html\">link</a>\"#);\n"
" println!(\"<a href=\\\"link.html\\\">link</a>\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "Byte strings allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:"
msgstr ""
"Οι απαριθμήσεις σάς επιτρέπουν να συλλέγετε ένα σύνολο τιμών κάτω από έναν "
"τύπο"
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:36
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n"
" println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:43
msgid ""
"All underscores in numbers can be left out, they are for legibility only. So "
"`1_000` can be written as `1000` (or `10_00`), and `123_i64` can be written "
"as `123i64`."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5
msgid "Arrays"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5
msgid "`[T; N]`"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5
msgid "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6
msgid "Tuples"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6
msgid "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6
msgid "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Array assignment and access:"
msgstr "Εκχώρηση πίνακα και πρόσβαση:"
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:10
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n"
" a[5] = 0;\n"
" println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "Tuple assignment and access:"
msgstr "Διπλή ανάθεση και πρόσβαση:"
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:20
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n"
" println!(\"1st index: {}\", t.0);\n"
" println!(\"2nd index: {}\", t.1);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid "Arrays:"
msgstr "Πίνακες:"
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:34
msgid ""
"A value of the array type `[T; N]` holds `N` (a compile-time constant) "
"elements of the same type `T`. Note that the length of the array is _part of "
"its type_, which means that `[u8; 3]` and `[u8; 4]` are considered two "
"different types."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:38
msgid "We can use literals to assign values to arrays."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:40
msgid ""
"In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug implementation "
"with the `?` format parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives "
"the debug output. We could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without "
"specifying the value after the format string."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:45
msgid ""
"Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be "
"easier to read."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid "Tuples:"
msgstr "Πλειάδες:"
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid "Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length."
msgstr ""
"Η άδεια πλειάδα `()` είναι επίσης γνωστή ως \"τύπος μονάδας\". Είναι και "
"τύπος, και η μόνη έγκυρη τιμή αυτού του τύπου - δηλαδή και ο τύπος και η "
"τιμή του εκφράζονται ως «()». Χρησιμοποιείται για να υποδείξει, για "
"παράδειγμα, ότι μια συνάρτηση ή Η έκφραση δεν έχει τιμή επιστροφής, όπως θα "
"δούμε σε μια μελλοντική διαφάνεια."
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid "Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type."
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να το σκεφτείτε ως «κενό» που μπορεί να σας είναι οικείο από άλλους "
"γλώσσες προγραμματισμού."
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:53
msgid ""
"Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, "
"e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:55
msgid ""
"The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, "
"and the only valid value of that type - that is to say both the type and its "
"value are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a "
"function or expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide. "
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:59
msgid ""
"You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other "
"programming languages."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:"
msgstr "Όπως η C++, το Rust έχει αναφορές:"
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut x: i32 = 10;\n"
" let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n"
" *ref_x = 20;\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "Some notes:"
msgstr "Μερικές σημειώσεις:"
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ "
"pointers."
msgstr ""
"Πρέπει να μην αναφέρουμε το «ref_x» κατά την ανάθεση σε αυτό, παρόμοια με "
"τους δείκτες C και C++."
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking "
"methods (try `ref_x.count_ones()`)."
msgstr ""
"Το Rust θα επαναφέρει αυτόματα σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις, ιδιαίτερα κατά την "
"επίκληση μεθόδους (δοκιμάστε το `ref_x.count_ones()`)."
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values over "
"their lifetime."
msgstr ""
"Οι αναφορές που δηλώνονται ως «mut» μπορούν να δεσμευτούν σε διαφορετικές "
"τιμές κατά τη διάρκεια της ζωής τους."
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Be sure to note the difference between `let mut ref_x: &i32` and `let ref_x: "
"&mut i32`. The first one represents a mutable reference which can be bound "
"to different values, while the second represents a reference to a mutable "
"value."
msgstr ""
"Φροντίστε να σημειώσετε τη διαφορά μεταξύ του \"let mut ref_x: &i32\" και "
"του \"let ref_x: &mut i32\\`. Η πρώτη αντιπροσωπεύει μια μεταβλητή αναφορά "
"στην οποία μπορεί να συνδεθεί διαφορετικές τιμές, ενώ η δεύτερη "
"αντιπροσωπεύει μια αναφορά σε μια μεταβλητή τιμή."
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:"
msgstr "Η σκουριά θα απαγορεύσει στατικά τις κρέμονται αναφορές:"
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let ref_x: &i32;\n"
" {\n"
" let x: i32 = 10;\n"
" ref_x = &x;\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to."
msgstr "Μια αναφορά λέγεται ότι \"δανείζεται\" την τιμή στην οποία αναφέρεται."
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long "
"enough."
msgstr ""
"Το Rust παρακολουθεί τη διάρκεια ζωής όλων των αναφορών για να διασφαλίσει "
"ότι ζουν πολύ αρκετά."
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership."
msgstr "Θα μιλήσουμε περισσότερο για δανεισμό όταν φτάσουμε στην ιδιοκτησία."
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:"
msgstr "Μια φέτα σάς δίνει μια προβολή σε μια μεγαλύτερη συλλογή:"
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n"
" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n"
"\n"
" let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "Slices borrow data from the sliced type."
msgstr "Οι φέτες δανείζονται δεδομένα από τον τύπο σε φέτες."
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]` right before printing `s`?"
msgstr "Ερώτηση: Τι θα συμβεί αν τροποποιήσετε το «a\\[3\\]»;"
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending "
"indexes in brackets."
msgstr ""
"Το `s` είναι μια αναφορά σε ένα κομμάτι του `i32`. Παρατηρήστε ότι ο τύπος "
"`s` (`&[i32]`) δεν αναφέρει πλέον το μήκος του πίνακα. Αυτό μας επιτρέπει να "
"κάνουμε υπολογισμούς σε φέτες διαφορετικών μεγεθών."
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the "
"starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are "
"identical."
msgstr ""
"Οι φέτες δανείζονται πάντα από άλλο αντικείμενο. Σε αυτό το παράδειγμα, το "
"«a» πρέπει να παραμείνει «ζωντανό» (στο πεδίο εφαρμογής) για τουλάχιστον όσο "
"το κομμάτι μας."
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are "
"identical."
msgstr ""
"Η ερώτηση σχετικά με την τροποποίηση του «a\\[3\\]» μπορεί να προκαλέσει μια "
"ενδιαφέρουσα συζήτηση, αλλά η απάντηση είναι ότι για λόγους ασφαλείας της "
"μνήμης δεν μπορείτε να το κάνετε μέσω του \"a\" αφού δημιουργήσετε ένα "
"slice, αλλά μπορείτε να διαβάσετε τα δεδομένα από το \"a\" και το \"s\" με "
"ασφάλεια. Περισσότερες λεπτομέρειες θα επεξηγηθούν στην ενότητα ελέγχου "
"δανεισμού."
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:27
msgid ""
"To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:29
msgid ""
"`s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` "
"(`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform "
"computation on slices of different sizes."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:31
msgid ""
"Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain "
"'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice. "
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:33
msgid ""
"The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but "
"the answer is that for memory safety reasons you cannot do it through `a` at "
"this point in the execution, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` "
"safely. It works before you created the slice, and again after the "
"`println`, when the slice is no longer used. More details will be explained "
"in the borrow checker section."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`String` vs `str`"
msgstr "`String` vs `str`"
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:"
msgstr "Μπορούμε τώρα να κατανοήσουμε τους δύο τύπους χορδών στο Rust:"
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s1: &str = \"World\";\n"
" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
"\n"
" let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n"
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
" s2.push_str(s1);\n"
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
" \n"
" let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n"
" println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust terminology:"
msgstr "Ορολογία σκουριάς:"
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "`&str` an immutable reference to a string slice."
msgstr "«&str» μια αμετάβλητη αναφορά σε ένα κομμάτι συμβολοσειράς."
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "`String` a mutable string buffer."
msgstr "\"String\" ένα μεταβλητό buffer συμβολοσειρών."
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 "
"encoded string data stored in a block of memory. String literals "
"(`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary."
msgstr ""
"Η μακροεντολή «format!()» είναι ένας βολικός τρόπος για να δημιουργήσετε μια "
"ιδιόκτητη συμβολοσειρά από δυναμικές τιμές. Το δέχεται την ίδια προδιαγραφή "
"μορφής με το \"println!()\"."
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a "
"`Vec<T>`, it is owned."
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να δανειστείτε κομμάτια «&str» από το «String» μέσω του «&» και "
"προαιρετικά επιλογής εύρους."
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string "
"literal; `String::new()` creates a new empty string, to which string data "
"can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods."
msgstr ""
"Για προγραμματιστές C++: σκεφτείτε το «&str» ως «const char\\*» από τη C++, "
"αλλά αυτό που δείχνει πάντα σε μια έγκυρη συμβολοσειρά στη μνήμη. Το Rust "
"«String» είναι ένα κατά προσέγγιση ισοδύναμο του «std::string» από τη C++ "
"(κύρια διαφορά: μπορεί να περιέχει μόνο byte με κωδικοποίηση UTF-8 και δεν "
"θα χρησιμοποιήσει ποτέ βελτιστοποίηση μικρής συμβολοσειράς)."
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:35
msgid ""
"The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from "
"dynamic values. It accepts the same format specification as `println!()`."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:38
msgid ""
"You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range "
"selection."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:40
msgid ""
"For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `const char*` from C++, but the one "
"that always points to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough "
"equivalent of `std::string` from C++ (main difference: it can only contain "
"UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization)."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Fizz_buzz) interview question:"
msgstr ""
"Μια έκδοση Rust της περίφημης ερώτησης συνέντευξης [FizzBuzz](https://en."
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz):"
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" print_fizzbuzz_to(20);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn is_divisible(n: u32, divisor: u32) -> bool {\n"
" if divisor == 0 {\n"
" return false;\n"
" }\n"
" n % divisor == 0\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> String {\n"
" let fizz = if is_divisible(n, 3) { \"fizz\" } else { \"\" };\n"
" let buzz = if is_divisible(n, 5) { \"buzz\" } else { \"\" };\n"
" if fizz.is_empty() && buzz.is_empty() {\n"
" return format!(\"{n}\");\n"
" }\n"
" format!(\"{fizz}{buzz}\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn print_fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) {\n"
" for i in 1..=n {\n"
" println!(\"{}\", fizzbuzz(i));\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:35
msgid ""
"We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward declarations "
"nor headers are necessary. "
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:36
msgid ""
"Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some "
"programming languages), then a return type."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:37
msgid ""
"The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return "
"value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:38
msgid ""
"Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The "
"compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:39
msgid ""
"The range expression in the `for` loop in `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contains "
"`=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:3
msgid ""
"All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second "
"argument.\n"
"///\n"
"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n"
"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n"
" if rhs == 0 {\n"
" return false; // Corner case, early return\n"
" }\n"
" lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return "
"value\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:17
msgid ""
"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are "
"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the [rustdoc]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is "
"idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:24
msgid ""
"Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at [`docs.rs/rand`]"
"(https://docs.rs/rand)."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:27
msgid ""
"This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but in "
"real code they should be present."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:30
msgid ""
"Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need not "
"be addressed here."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:33
msgid ""
"Rustdoc comments can contain code snippets that we can run and test using "
"`cargo test`. We will discuss these tests in the [Testing section](../"
"testing/doc-tests.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Methods are functions associated with a type. The `self` argument of a "
"method is an instance of the type it is associated with:"
msgstr ""
"Το Rust έχει μεθόδους, είναι απλώς λειτουργίες που σχετίζονται με έναν "
"συγκεκριμένο τύπο. ο Το πρώτο όρισμα μιας μεθόδου είναι ένα παράδειγμα του "
"τύπου με το οποίο σχετίζεται:"
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Rectangle {\n"
" width: u32,\n"
" height: u32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Rectangle {\n"
" fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n"
" self.width * self.height\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n"
" self.width += delta;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n"
" println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
" rect.inc_width(5);\n"
" println!(\"new area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's "
"class."
msgstr ""
"Θα εξετάσουμε πολύ περισσότερο τις μεθόδους στη σημερινή άσκηση και στην "
"αυριανή τάξη."
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:34
msgid "Add a static method called `Rectangle::new` and call this from `main`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:36
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n"
" Rectangle { width, height }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:42
msgid ""
"While _technically_, Rust does not have custom constructors, static methods "
"are commonly used to initialize structs (but don't have to). The actual "
"constructor, `Rectangle { width, height }`, could be called directly. See "
"the [Rustnomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/constructors.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:45
msgid ""
"Add a `Rectangle::square(width: u32)` constructor to illustrate that such "
"static methods can take arbitrary parameters."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Function Overloading"
msgstr "Λειτουργία Υπερφόρτωση"
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Overloading is not supported:"
msgstr "Η υπερφόρτωση δεν υποστηρίζεται:"
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Each function has a single implementation:"
msgstr "Κάθε συνάρτηση έχει μια ενιαία υλοποίηση:"
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Always takes a fixed number of parameters."
msgstr "Λαμβάνει πάντα έναν σταθερό αριθμό παραμέτρων."
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Always takes a single set of parameter types."
msgstr "Λαμβάνει πάντα ένα ενιαίο σύνολο τύπων παραμέτρων."
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Default values are not supported:"
msgstr "Οι προεπιλεγμένες τιμές δεν υποστηρίζονται:"
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "All call sites have the same number of arguments."
msgstr "Όλοι οι ιστότοποι κλήσεων έχουν τον ίδιο αριθμό ορισμάτων."
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "Macros are sometimes used as an alternative."
msgstr "Οι μακροεντολές χρησιμοποιούνται μερικές φορές ως εναλλακτική λύση."
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:"
msgstr "Ωστόσο, οι παράμετροι συνάρτησης μπορεί να είναι γενικές:"
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:14
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn pick_one<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n"
" if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n"
" println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When using generics, the standard library's `Into<T>` can provide a kind of "
"limited polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a later "
"section."
msgstr ""
"Όταν χρησιμοποιείτε γενικά, το 'Into\n"
"\n"
"' της τυπικής βιβλιοθήκης μπορεί να παρέχει ένα είδος περιορισμένου "
"πολυμορφισμός σε τύπους επιχειρημάτων. Θα δούμε περισσότερες λεπτομέρειες σε "
"επόμενη ενότητα."
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 1: Morning Exercises"
msgstr "Ημέρα 1: Πρωινές ασκήσεις"
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:"
msgstr "Σε αυτές τις ασκήσεις, θα εξερευνήσουμε δύο μέρη του Rust:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Implicit conversions between types."
msgstr "Σιωπηρές μετατροπές μεταξύ τύπων."
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:7
msgid "Arrays and `for` loops."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:"
msgstr ""
"Μερικά πράγματα που πρέπει να λάβετε υπόψη κατά την επίλυση των ασκήσεων:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get auto-"
"completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo](../../cargo.md) "
"for details on installing Rust."
msgstr ""
"Χρησιμοποιήστε μια τοπική εγκατάσταση Rust, εάν είναι δυνατόν. Με αυτόν τον "
"τρόπο μπορείτε να αποκτήσετε αυτόματη συμπλήρωση στον επεξεργαστή σας. Δείτε "
"τη σελίδα σχετικά με το [Using Cargo](../../cargo.md) για λεπτομέρειες κατά "
"την εγκατάσταση του Rust."
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:17
msgid "Alternatively, use the Rust Playground."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets lose "
"their state if you navigate away from the page."
msgstr ""
"Τα αποσπάσματα κώδικα δεν είναι επεξεργάσιμα επίτηδες: τα ενσωματωμένα "
"αποσπάσματα κώδικα χάνονται την κατάστασή τους εάν απομακρυνθείτε από τη "
"σελίδα."
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:22 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:11
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:9 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:7
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-"
"morning.md) provided."
msgstr "Αφού δείτε την άσκηση, μπορείτε να δείτε τη \\[λύση\\] που παρέχεται."
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types "
"([unlike C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/"
"implicit_conversion)). You can see this in a program like this:"
msgstr ""
"Το Rust δεν θα εφαρμόσει αυτόματα _implicit conversions_ μεταξύ των τύπων "
"([σε αντίθεση με C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/"
"implicit_conversion)). Μπορείτε να το δείτε σε ένα πρόγραμμα όπως αυτό:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n"
" x * y\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let x: i8 = 15;\n"
" let y: i16 = 1000;\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiply(x, y));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rust integer types all implement the [`From<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang."
"org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"std/convert/trait.Into.html) traits to let us convert between them. The "
"`From<T>` trait has a single `from()` method and similarly, the `Into<T>` "
"trait has a single `into()` method. Implementing these traits is how a type "
"expresses that it can be converted into another type."
msgstr ""
"Όλοι οι τύποι ακέραιου αριθμού Rust εφαρμόζουν τα [`From<T>`](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) και [`Into<T>`](https://doc.rust-"
"lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) χαρακτηριστικά για να μας αφήσουν να "
"μετατρέψουμε μεταξύ τους. Το χαρακτηριστικό \"From\n"
"\n"
"\" έχει ένα μόνο \"from()\". μέθοδο και παρομοίως, το χαρακτηριστικό «Into\n"
"\n"
"» έχει μία μόνο μέθοδο «into()». Η εφαρμογή αυτών των χαρακτηριστικών είναι "
"ο τρόπος με τον οποίο ένας τύπος εκφράζει ότι μπορεί να μετατραπεί σε άλλου "
"τύπου."
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The standard library has an implementation of `From<i8> for i16`, which "
"means that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by "
"calling `i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From<i8> for "
"i16` implementation automatically create an implementation of `Into<i16> for "
"i8`."
msgstr ""
"Η τυπική βιβλιοθήκη έχει μια υλοποίηση του «From\n"
"\n"
" για i16», που σημαίνει ότι μπορούμε να μετατρέψουμε μια μεταβλητή «x» τύπου "
"«i8» σε «i16» καλώντας `i16::from(x)`. Ή, απλούστερα, με `x.into()`, επειδή "
"`From<i8> για i16` υλοποίηση δημιουργεί αυτόματα μια υλοποίηση του «Into\n"
"\n"
" για i8»."
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, so "
"it is sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` "
"implementation automatically."
msgstr ""
"Το ίδιο ισχύει και για τις δικές σας υλοποιήσεις «Από» για τους δικούς σας "
"τύπους, έτσι είναι αρκεί για να εφαρμοστεί μόνο το \"From\" για να ληφθεί "
"αυτόματα μια αντίστοιχη υλοποίηση \"Into\"."
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "Execute the above program and look at the compiler error."
msgstr ""
"Αλλάξτε τους τύπους \"x\" και \"y\" σε άλλα πράγματα (όπως \"f32\", "
"\"bool\", `i128`) για να δείτε ποιους τύπους μπορείτε να μετατρέψετε σε "
"ποιους άλλους τύπους. Δοκιμάστε μετατροπή μικρών τύπων σε μεγάλους τύπους "
"και το αντίστροφο. Ελεγξε το [τυπική τεκμηρίωση βιβλιοθήκης](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) για να δείτε εάν το \"From"
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion."
msgstr "\" έχει εφαρμοστεί για τα ζευγάρια που ελέγχετε."
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:37
msgid ""
"Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`, "
"`i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try "
"converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the "
"[standard library documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait."
"From.html) to see if `From<T>` is implemented for the pairs you check."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:1
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Arrays and `for` Loops"
msgstr "Πίνακες και βρόχοι «για»."
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:"
msgstr "Είδαμε ότι ένας πίνακας μπορεί να δηλωθεί ως εξής:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with `{:?}"
"`:"
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να εκτυπώσετε έναν τέτοιο πίνακα ζητώντας την αναπαράστασή του για "
"τον εντοπισμό σφαλμάτων με \"{:?}\":"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:11
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
" println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for` "
"keyword:"
msgstr ""
"Το Rust σάς επιτρέπει να επαναλαμβάνετε πράγματα όπως πίνακες και εύρη "
"χρησιμοποιώντας το \"για\". λέξη-κλειδί:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:21
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
" print!(\"Iterating over array:\");\n"
" for n in &array {\n"
" print!(\" {n}\");\n"
" }\n"
" println!();\n"
"\n"
" print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n"
" for i in 0..3 {\n"
" print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n"
" }\n"
" println!();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use the above to write a function `pretty_print` which pretty-print a matrix "
"and a function `transpose` which will transpose a matrix (turn rows into "
"columns):"
msgstr ""
"Χρησιμοποιήστε τα παραπάνω για να γράψετε μια συνάρτηση «pretty_print» που "
"εκτυπώνει όμορφα έναν πίνακα και μια συνάρτηση \"transpose\" που θα "
"μεταφέρει έναν πίνακα (μετατρέπει τις γραμμές σε στήλες):"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:41
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n"
"\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n"
" ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices."
msgstr ""
"Σκληρός κώδικας και των δύο συναρτήσεων για λειτουργία σε πίνακες 3 × 3."
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the "
"functions:"
msgstr ""
"Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/> και "
"εφαρμόστε το λειτουργίες:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:52
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let matrix = [\n"
" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
" ];\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
" pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
"\n"
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
" println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
" pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:80
#, fuzzy
msgid "Bonus Question"
msgstr "Ερώτηση μπόνους"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:82
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for your "
"argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-dimensional "
"slice-of-slices. Why or why not?"
msgstr ""
"Θα μπορούσατε να χρησιμοποιήσετε φέτες \"&\\[i32\\]\" αντί για σκληρούς "
"κωδικοποιημένους πίνακες 3 × 3 για όρισμα και τύποι επιστροφής; Κάτι σαν "
"\"&\\[&\\[i32\\]\\]\" για ένα δισδιάστατο φέτα φέτες. Γιατί ή γιατί όχι?"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:87
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production quality "
"implementation."
msgstr ""
"Δείτε το [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) για ποιότητα παραγωγής "
"εκτέλεση."
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:92
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the "
"[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section."
msgstr ""
"Η λύση και η απάντηση στην ενότητα μπόνους είναι διαθέσιμες στο Ενότητα "
"[Λύση](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)."
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:95
msgid ""
"The use of the reference `&array` within `for n in &array` is a subtle "
"preview of issues of ownership that will come later in the afternoon."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:98
msgid "Without the `&`..."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:99
msgid ""
"The loop would have been one that consumes the array. This is a change "
"[introduced in the 2021 Edition](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/"
"rust-2021/IntoIterator-for-arrays.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:102
msgid ""
"An implicit array copy would have occured. Since `i32` is a copy type, then "
"`[i32; 3]` is also a copy type."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to conditionally "
"evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value which then "
"becomes the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow expressions "
"work similarly in Rust."
msgstr ""
"Όπως είδαμε, το «αν» είναι μια έκφραση στο Rust. Χρησιμοποιείται υπό όρους "
"αξιολογήστε ένα από τα δύο μπλοκ, αλλά τα μπλοκ μπορεί να έχουν μια τιμή που "
"στη συνέχεια γίνεται την τιμή της έκφρασης «αν». Άλλες εκφράσεις ροής "
"ελέγχου λειτουργούν παρόμοια στο Rust."
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A block in Rust contains a sequence of expressions. Each block has a value "
"and a type, which are those of the last expression of the block:"
msgstr ""
"Ένα μπλοκ στο Rust έχει μια τιμή και έναν τύπο: η τιμή είναι η τελευταία "
"έκφραση του ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΙΚΟ ΤΕΤΡΑΓΩΝΟ:"
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let x = {\n"
" let y = 10;\n"
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
" let z = {\n"
" let w = {\n"
" 3 + 4\n"
" };\n"
" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n"
" y * w\n"
" };\n"
" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n"
" z - y\n"
" };\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:26
msgid ""
"If the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is "
"`()`."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is the "
"return value:"
msgstr ""
"Ο ίδιος κανόνας χρησιμοποιείται για τις συναρτήσεις: η τιμή του σώματος "
"συνάρτησης είναι το επιστρεφόμενη τιμή:"
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:31
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n"
" x + x\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"doubled: {}\", double(7));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:43 src/enums.md:34 src/enums/sizes.md:28
#: src/pattern-matching.md:25 src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:22
#: src/structs.md:31 src/methods.md:30 src/methods/example.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "Key Points:"
msgstr "Βασικά σημεία:"
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in "
"Rust. "
msgstr "Βασικά σημεία:"
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in "
"the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`."
msgstr ""
"Ο σκοπός αυτής της διαφάνειας είναι να δείξει ότι τα μπλοκ έχουν τύπο και "
"τιμή στο Rust.\n"
"\n"
"Μπορείτε να δείξετε πώς αλλάζει η τιμή του μπλοκ αλλάζοντας την τελευταία "
"γραμμή στο μπλοκ. Για παράδειγμα, προσθέτοντας/αφαιρώντας ένα ερωτηματικό ή "
"χρησιμοποιώντας ένα «return»."
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`if` expressions"
msgstr "εκφράσεις \"αν\"."
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:3
msgid ""
"You use [`if` expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/"
"if-expr.html#if-expressions) exactly like `if` statements in other languages:"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut x = 10;\n"
" if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
" x = x / 2;\n"
" } else {\n"
" x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each "
"block becomes the value of the `if` expression:"
msgstr ""
"Επιπλέον, μπορείτε να το χρησιμοποιήσετε ως έκφραση. Αυτό κάνει το ίδιο όπως "
"παραπάνω:"
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:22
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut x = 10;\n"
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
" x / 2\n"
" } else {\n"
" 3 * x + 1\n"
" };\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:35
msgid ""
"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its "
"branch blocks must have the same type. Consider showing what happens if you "
"add `;` after `x / 2` in the second example."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`for` loops"
msgstr "Βρόχοι «για»."
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) is closely "
"related to the [`while let` loop](while-let-expressions.md). It will "
"automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate over it:"
msgstr ""
"Η έκφραση \"for\" σχετίζεται στενά με την έκφραση \"while let\". Θα καλεί "
"αυτόματα το «into_iter()» στην έκφραση και, στη συνέχεια, επαναλαμβάνει πάνω "
"από αυτήν:"
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
"\n"
" for x in v {\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
" }\n"
" \n"
" for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n"
" println!(\"i: {i}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual."
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε το «διάλειμμα» και το «συνέχεια» εδώ ως συνήθως."
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case."
msgstr "\\<λεπτομέρειες>"
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "`(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. "
msgstr ""
"Η επανάληψη ευρετηρίου δεν είναι ειδική σύνταξη στο Rust για αυτήν την "
"περίπτωση."
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every other "
"element. "
msgstr ""
"Το \"(0..10)\" είναι μια περιοχή που υλοποιεί ένα χαρακτηριστικό "
"\"Iterator\"."
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change "
"vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`."
msgstr ""
"Το \"step_by\" είναι μια μέθοδος που επιστρέφει έναν άλλο \"Iterator\" που "
"παραλείπει κάθε άλλο στοιχείο."
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`while` loops"
msgstr "εκφράσεις «ενώ»."
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:3
msgid ""
"The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-"
"expr.html#predicate-loops) works very similar to other languages:"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut x = 10;\n"
" while x != 1 {\n"
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
" x / 2\n"
" } else {\n"
" 3 * x + 1\n"
" };\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`break` and `continue`"
msgstr "«διάλειμμα» και «συνέχεια»."
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:3
msgid ""
"If you want to exit a loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions),"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:4
msgid ""
"If you want to immediately start the next iteration use [`continue`](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is "
"used to break out of nested loops:"
msgstr ""
"Εάν θέλετε να βγείτε νωρίς από έναν βρόχο, χρησιμοποιήστε το «διάλειμμα», "
"εάν θέλετε να ξεκινήσετε αμέσως την επόμενη επανάληψη χρησιμοποιήστε "
"«continue». Τόσο το \"continue\" και το \"break\" μπορούν προαιρετικά πάρτε "
"ένα όρισμα ετικέτας που χρησιμοποιείται για να ξεφύγει από ένθετους βρόχους:"
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:10
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
" 'outer: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
" let mut i = 0;\n"
" while i < x {\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n"
" i += 1;\n"
" if i == 3 {\n"
" break 'outer;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop."
msgstr ""
"Σε αυτή την περίπτωση σπάμε τον εξωτερικό βρόχο μετά από 3 επαναλήψεις του "
"εσωτερικού βρόχου."
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`loop` expressions"
msgstr "εκφράσεις «βρόχου»."
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:3
msgid ""
"Finally, there is a [`loop` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/"
"expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) which creates an endless loop."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Here you must either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:"
msgstr ""
"Τέλος, υπάρχει μια λέξη-κλειδί «βρόχος» που δημιουργεί έναν ατελείωτο βρόχο. "
"Εδώ πρέπει είτε \"break\" είτε \"return\" για να σταματήσει ο βρόχος:"
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut x = 10;\n"
" loop {\n"
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
" x / 2\n"
" } else {\n"
" 3 * x + 1\n"
" };\n"
" if x == 1 {\n"
" break;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:27
msgid "Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:28
msgid ""
"Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which returns a non-trivial "
"value. This is because it's guaranteed to be entered at least once (unlike "
"`while` and `for` loops)."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are immutable "
"by default:"
msgstr ""
"Το Rust παρέχει ασφάλεια τύπου μέσω στατικής πληκτρολόγησης. Οι δεσμεύσεις "
"μεταβλητών είναι αμετάβλητες κατά Προκαθορισμένο:"
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let x: i32 = 10;\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
" // x = 20;\n"
" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the "
"types less and less as the course progresses."
msgstr ""
"Λόγω συμπερασμάτων τύπου, το «i32» είναι προαιρετικό. Σταδιακά θα δείχνουμε "
"τους τύπους όλο και λιγότερο όσο προχωρά ο τύπος."
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:"
msgstr ""
"Το Rust θα εξετάσει πώς χρησιμοποιείται η μεταβλητή για να προσδιορίσει τον "
"τύπο:"
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n"
" println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n"
" println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let x = 10;\n"
" let y = 20;\n"
"\n"
" takes_u32(x);\n"
" takes_i8(y);\n"
" // takes_u32(y);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:26
msgid ""
"This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on "
"constraints given by variable declarations and usages."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not "
"of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can hold any data. The machine "
"code generated by such declaration is identical to the explicit declaration "
"of a type. The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise "
"code."
msgstr ""
"Αυτή η διαφάνεια δείχνει πώς ο μεταγλωττιστής Rust συμπεραίνει τύπους με "
"βάση περιορισμούς που δίνονται από δηλώσεις και χρήσεις μεταβλητών.\n"
"\n"
"Είναι πολύ σημαντικό να τονίσουμε ότι οι μεταβλητές που δηλώνονται όπως αυτή "
"δεν είναι κάποιου είδους δυναμικού \"οποιουδήποτε τύπου\" που μπορεί "
"κρατήστε τυχόν δεδομένα. Ο κωδικός μηχανής που δημιουργείται από μια τέτοια "
"δήλωση είναι πανομοιότυπος με τη ρητή δήλωση ενός τύπου. Ο μεταγλωττιστής "
"κάνει τη δουλειά για εμάς και μας βοηθά να γράψουμε έναν πιο συνοπτικό "
"κώδικα."
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic "
"container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, "
"using `_` as a placeholder:"
msgstr ""
"Ο ακόλουθος κώδικας λέει στον μεταγλωττιστή να αντιγράψει σε ένα "
"συγκεκριμένο γενικό κοντέινερ χωρίς ποτέ ο κώδικας να προσδιορίζει ρητά τον "
"τύπο που περιέχεται, χρησιμοποιώντας το «\\_» ως σύμβολο κράτησης θέσης:"
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:34
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
" v.push((10, false));\n"
" v.push((20, true));\n"
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
"\n"
" let vv = v.iter().collect::<std::collections::HashSet<_>>();\n"
" println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
"html#method.collect) relies on [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), which [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang."
"org/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-"
"HashSet%3CT,+S%3E) implements."
msgstr ""
"Το [`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
"html#method.collect) βασίζεται στο `FromIterator`, το οποίο \\[`HashSet`\\]"
"(https:/ /doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) υλοποιεί."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Static and Constant Variables"
msgstr "Στατικές και σταθερές μεταβλητές"
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:3
msgid ""
"Static and constant variables are two different ways to create globally-"
"scoped values that cannot be moved or reallocated during the execution of "
"the program. "
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "`const`"
msgstr "«const»."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:8
msgid ""
"Constant variables are evaluated at compile time and their values are "
"inlined wherever they are used:"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:11
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = 3;\n"
"const ZERO: Option<u8> = Some(42);\n"
"\n"
"fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> [u8; DIGEST_SIZE] {\n"
" let mut digest = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE];\n"
" for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n"
" digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE] = digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE]."
"wrapping_add(b);\n"
" }\n"
" digest\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\");\n"
" println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"According to the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-"
"vs-static.html) these are inlined upon use."
msgstr ""
"Σύμφωνα με το [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-"
"static.html), αυτά ενσωματώνονται κατά τη χρήση."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:31
msgid ""
"Only functions marked `const` can be called at compile time to generate "
"`const` values. `const` functions can however be called at runtime."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "`static`"
msgstr "«στατικό»."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:35
msgid ""
"Static variables will live during the whole execution of the program, and "
"therefore will not move:"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:37
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-"
"vs-static.html), these are not inlined upon use and have an actual "
"associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, "
"and the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution. When a "
"globally-scoped value does not have a reason to need object identity, "
"`const` is generally preferred."
msgstr ""
"Όπως σημειώνεται στο [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-"
"const-vs-static.html), αυτά δεν είναι ενσωματωμένα κατά τη χρήση και έχουν "
"μια πραγματική συσχετισμένη θέση μνήμης. Αυτό είναι χρήσιμο για μη ασφαλή "
"και ενσωματωμένο κώδικα και η μεταβλητή ζει σε όλη την εκτέλεση του "
"προγράμματος."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:49
msgid ""
"Because `static` variables are accessible from any thread, they must be "
"`Sync`. Interior mutability is possible through a [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-"
"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atomic or similar. It is also possible "
"to have mutable statics, but they require manual synchronisation so any "
"access to them requires `unsafe` code. We will look at [mutable statics](../"
"unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md) in the chapter on Unsafe Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:57
#, fuzzy
msgid "Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`."
msgstr ""
"Αναφέρετε ότι το «const» συμπεριφέρεται σημασιολογικά παρόμοια με το "
"«constexpr» της C++."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:58
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable "
"global variable in C++."
msgstr ""
"Το «static», από την άλλη πλευρά, μοιάζει πολύ περισσότερο με μια «const» ή "
"μεταβλητή καθολική μεταβλητή στη C++."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:59
msgid ""
"`static` provides object identity: an address in memory and state as "
"required by types with interior mutability such as `Mutex<T>`."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:60
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but "
"it is helpful and safer than using a static."
msgstr ""
"Δεν είναι πολύ συνηθισμένο να χρειάζεται κάποιος μια σταθερά αξιολόγησης "
"χρόνου εκτέλεσης, αλλά είναι χρήσιμο και ασφαλέστερο από τη χρήση στατικού."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:61
msgid "`thread_local` data can be created with the macro `std::thread_local`."
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:63
msgid "Properties table:"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65
msgid "Property"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65
#, fuzzy
msgid "Static"
msgstr "«στατικό»."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65
msgid "Constant"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67
msgid "Has an address in memory"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71
msgid "Yes"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67
msgid "No (inlined)"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68
#, fuzzy
msgid "Lives for the entire duration of the program"
msgstr "Η λειτουργία «κύρια» είναι το σημείο εισόδου του προγράμματος."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71
msgid "No"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69
msgid "Can be mutable"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69
msgid "Yes (unsafe)"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70
#, fuzzy
msgid "Evaluated at compile time"
msgstr "Οι τιμές έχουν σταθερά μεγέθη γνωστά κατά το χρόνο μεταγλώττισης."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70
msgid "Yes (initialised at compile time)"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71
msgid "Inlined wherever it is used"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from "
"the same scope:"
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να σκιάζετε μεταβλητές, τόσο αυτές από εξωτερικά πεδία όσο και "
"μεταβλητές από το ίδιο εύρος:"
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let a = 10;\n"
" println!(\"before: {a}\");\n"
"\n"
" {\n"
" let a = \"hello\";\n"
" println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");\n"
"\n"
" let a = true;\n"
" println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"after: {a}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Definition: Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing "
"both variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available "
"under the same name, depending where you use it in the code. "
msgstr ""
"Ορισμός: Η σκίαση είναι διαφορετική από τη μετάλλαξη, γιατί μετά τη σκίαση "
"υπάρχουν και οι δύο θέσεις μνήμης της μεταβλητής ταυτόχρονα. Και τα δύο "
"είναι διαθέσιμα με το ίδιο όνομα, ανάλογα με το πού το χρησιμοποιείτε στον "
"κωδικό."
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "A shadowing variable can have a different type. "
msgstr "Μια μεταβλητή σκίασης μπορεί να έχει διαφορετικό τύπο."
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values "
"after `.unwrap()`."
msgstr ""
"Η σκίαση φαίνεται ασαφής στην αρχή, αλλά είναι βολική για να κρατάτε τις "
"τιμές μετά το «.unwrap()»."
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse memory "
"locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if the type "
"does not change."
msgstr ""
"Ο ακόλουθος κώδικας δείχνει γιατί ο μεταγλωττιστής δεν μπορεί απλώς να "
"επαναχρησιμοποιήσει θέσεις μνήμης όταν σκιάζει μια αμετάβλητη μεταβλητή σε "
"ένα εύρος, ακόμα κι αν ο τύπος δεν αλλάξει."
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:30
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let a = 1;\n"
" let b = &a;\n"
" let a = a + 1;\n"
" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few different "
"variants:"
msgstr ""
"Η λέξη-κλειδί «enum» επιτρέπει τη δημιουργία ενός τύπου που έχει λίγους "
"διαφορετικές παραλλαγές:"
#: src/enums.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n"
" // Implementation based on https://xkcd.com/221/\n"
" 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"enum CoinFlip {\n"
" Heads,\n"
" Tails,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n"
" let random_number = generate_random_number();\n"
" if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n"
" return CoinFlip::Heads;\n"
" } else {\n"
" return CoinFlip::Tails;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type"
msgstr ""
"Οι απαριθμήσεις σάς επιτρέπουν να συλλέγετε ένα σύνολο τιμών κάτω από έναν "
"τύπο"
#: src/enums.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and "
"`Tails`. You might note the namespace when using variants."
msgstr ""
"Αυτή η σελίδα προσφέρει έναν τύπο \"CoinFlip\" με δύο παραλλαγές \"Heads\" "
"και \"Tail\". Μπορείτε να σημειώσετε τον χώρο ονομάτων όταν χρησιμοποιείτε "
"παραλλαγές."
#: src/enums.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid "This might be a good time to compare Structs and Enums:"
msgstr ""
"Αυτή μπορεί να είναι μια καλή στιγμή για να συγκρίνετε Structs και Enums:"
#: src/enums.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one "
"with different types of fields (variant payloads). "
msgstr ""
"Και στα δύο, μπορείτε να έχετε μια απλή έκδοση χωρίς πεδία (μονάδα δομής) ή "
"μια με διαφορετικούς τύπους πεδίων (ωφέλιμα φορτία παραλλαγής)."
#: src/enums.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid "In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block."
msgstr ""
"Και στις δύο, οι συσχετισμένες συναρτήσεις ορίζονται μέσα σε ένα μπλοκ "
"«impl»."
#: src/enums.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate "
"structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were "
"all defined in an enum. "
msgstr ""
"Θα μπορούσατε ακόμη και να εφαρμόσετε τις διαφορετικές παραλλαγές ενός enum "
"με ξεχωριστές δομές, αλλά τότε δεν θα ήταν του ίδιου τύπου όπως θα ήταν αν "
"είχαν οριστεί όλες σε ένα enum."
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then use "
"the `match` statement to extract the data from each variant:"
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να ορίσετε πλουσιότερους αριθμούς όπου οι παραλλαγές μεταφέρουν "
"δεδομένα. Στη συνέχεια, μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε το Δήλωση «ταιριάσματος» "
"για εξαγωγή των δεδομένων από κάθε παραλλαγή:"
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"enum WebEvent {\n"
" PageLoad, // Variant without payload\n"
" KeyPress(char), // Tuple struct variant\n"
" Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
"fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
" match event {\n"
" WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n"
" WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n"
" WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n"
" let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n"
" let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };\n"
"\n"
" inspect(load);\n"
" inspect(press);\n"
" inspect(click);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern "
"matched. The pattern binds references to the fields in the \"match arm\" "
"after the `=>`."
msgstr ""
"Στο παραπάνω παράδειγμα, η πρόσβαση στο \"char\" στο \"KeyPress\" ή στο "
"\"x\" και \"y\" στο \"Click\" λειτουργεί μόνο μέσα σε μια δήλωση "
"\"ταιριάζουν\"."
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There is "
"no fall-through like in C or C++."
msgstr "Το \"match\" επιθεωρεί ένα κρυφό πεδίο διάκρισης στο \"enum\"."
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in the "
"match arm which was executed."
msgstr ""
"Το \"WebEvent::Click { ... }\" δεν είναι ακριβώς το ίδιο με το \"WebEvent::"
"Click(Click)\" με ένα ανώτερο επίπεδο \"struct Click { ... }\". Η "
"ενσωματωμένη έκδοση δεν μπορεί να εφαρμόσει χαρακτηριστικά, για παράδειγμα."
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:38
msgid ""
"Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then run "
"the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. "
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:39
msgid ""
"Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage "
"the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are handled. "
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:40
msgid "`match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`."
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:41
msgid ""
"It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::"
"discriminant()`"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:42
msgid ""
"This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs where "
"comparing field values doesn't affect equality."
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:43
msgid ""
"`WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::"
"Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined version "
"cannot implement traits, for example."
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into "
"account:"
msgstr ""
"Οι σκουριές συσκευάζονται σφιχτά, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τους περιορισμούς λόγω "
"ευθυγράμμισης:"
#: src/enums/sizes.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::any::type_name;\n"
"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n"
"\n"
"fn dbg_size<T>() {\n"
" println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n"
" type_name::<T>(), size_of::<T>(), align_of::<T>());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"enum Foo {\n"
" A,\n"
" B,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" dbg_size::<Foo>();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout."
"html)."
msgstr ""
"Δείτε το [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout."
"html)."
#: src/enums/sizes.md:30
msgid ""
"Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum "
"variant."
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:32
msgid ""
"You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:34
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[repr(u32)]\n"
"enum Bar {\n"
" A, // 0\n"
" B = 10000,\n"
" C, // 10001\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n"
" println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n"
" println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:49
msgid ""
"Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2 "
"bytes."
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:53
msgid "Try out other types such as"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:55
msgid "`dbg_size!(bool)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes,"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:56
msgid ""
"`dbg_size!(Option<bool>)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes (niche optimization, "
"see below),"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:57
msgid "`dbg_size!(&i32)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (on a 64-bit machine),"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:58
msgid ""
"`dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (null pointer "
"optimization, see below)."
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:60
msgid ""
"Niche optimization: Rust will merge unused bit patterns for the enum "
"discriminant."
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:63
msgid ""
"Null pointer optimization: For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::<T>()` equals "
"`size_of::<Option<T>>()`."
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:67
msgid ""
"Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation _may_ look "
"like in practice. It's important to note that the compiler provides no "
"guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe."
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:70
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::mem::transmute;\n"
"\n"
"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n"
" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n"
" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, "
"$bit_type>($e));\n"
" };\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
" // representation of types.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n"
" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n"
" dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<bool>\");\n"
" dbg_bits!(None::<bool>, u8);\n"
" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n"
" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<Option<bool>>\");\n"
" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n"
" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n"
" dbg_bits!(Some(None::<bool>), u8);\n"
" dbg_bits!(None::<Option<bool>>, u8);\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n"
" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n"
" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:105
msgid ""
"More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain more "
"than 256 `Option`s together."
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:107
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n"
"\n"
"use std::mem::transmute;\n"
"\n"
"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n"
" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n"
" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, "
"$bit_type>($e));\n"
" };\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" "
"signs.\n"
"// Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n"
"macro_rules! many_options {\n"
" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n"
" ($value:expr, @) => {\n"
" Some(Some($value))\n"
" };\n"
" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n"
" many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n"
" };\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
" // representation of types.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n"
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n"
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), "
"Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's.\");\n"
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's.\");\n"
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's.\");\n"
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::<bool>, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/novel.md:3
msgid ""
"Rust has a few control flow constructs which differ from other languages. "
"They are used for pattern matching:"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/novel.md:6 src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`if let` expressions"
msgstr "εκφράσεις \"αν ας\"."
#: src/control-flow/novel.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "`while let` expressions"
msgstr "εκφράσεις «ενώ ας»."
#: src/control-flow/novel.md:8 src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`match` expressions"
msgstr "«ταιριάζουν» εκφράσεις"
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:3
msgid ""
"The [`if let` expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-"
"expr.html#if-let-expressions) lets you execute different code depending on "
"whether a value matches a pattern:"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let arg = std::env::args().next();\n"
" if let Some(value) = arg {\n"
" println!(\"Program name: {value}\");\n"
" } else {\n"
" println!(\"Missing name?\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:18
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:21
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) for more details on patterns "
"in Rust."
msgstr ""
"Δείτε το [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) για περισσότερες "
"λεπτομέρειες σχετικά με τα μοτίβα στο Σκουριά."
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not have to cover all branches. This can make "
"it more concise than `match`."
msgstr ""
"Σε αντίθεση με το \"match\", το \"if let\" δεν υποστηρίζει προστατευτικές "
"ρήτρες για την αντιστοίχιση μοτίβων."
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`."
msgstr ""
"Μια κοινή χρήση είναι ο χειρισμός των τιμών \"Μερικών\" όταν εργάζεστε με το "
"\"Option\"."
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching."
msgstr ""
"Σε αντίθεση με το \"match\", το \"if let\" δεν υποστηρίζει προστατευτικές "
"ρήτρες για την αντιστοίχιση μοτίβων."
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:26
msgid ""
"Since 1.65, a similar [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/"
"flow_control/let_else.html) construct allows to do a destructuring "
"assignment, or if it fails, execute a block which is required to abort "
"normal control flow (with `panic`/`return`/`break`/`continue`):"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:28
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"{:?}\", second_word_to_upper(\"foo bar\"));\n"
"}\n"
" \n"
"fn second_word_to_upper(s: &str) -> Option<String> {\n"
" let mut it = s.split(' ');\n"
" let (Some(_), Some(item)) = (it.next(), it.next()) else {\n"
" return None;\n"
" };\n"
" Some(item.to_uppercase())\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`while let` loops"
msgstr "εκφράσεις «ενώ ας»."
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) variant which "
"repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:"
msgstr ""
"Όπως και με το \"if\", υπάρχει μια παραλλαγή \"while let\" που ελέγχει "
"επανειλημμένα μια τιμή σε σχέση με ένα μοτίβο:"
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
"\n"
" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here the iterator returned by `v.into_iter()` will return a `Option<i32>` on "
"every call to `next()`. It returns `Some(x)` until it is done, after which "
"it will return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through all "
"items."
msgstr ""
"Εδώ ο επαναλήπτης που επιστρέφεται από το `v.iter()` θα επιστρέψει ένα "
"`Option<i32>` σε κάθε κλήση στο `επόμενο()`. Επιστρέφει \"Some(x)\" μέχρι να "
"ολοκληρωθεί, μετά από αυτό θα γίνει επιστροφή «Κανένα». Το \"while let\" μας "
"επιτρέπει να συνεχίσουμε να επαναλαμβάνουμε όλα τα στοιχεία."
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value "
"matches the pattern."
msgstr ""
"Επισημάνετε ότι ο βρόχος \"while let\" θα συνεχίσει να λειτουργεί όσο η τιμή "
"ταιριάζει με το μοτίβο."
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if "
"statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `iter.next()`. "
"The `while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario."
msgstr ""
"Θα μπορούσατε να ξαναγράψετε τον βρόχο «while let» ως άπειρο βρόχο με μια "
"πρόταση if που διακόπτεται όταν δεν υπάρχει τιμή για ξετύλιγμα για το «iter."
"next()». Το \"while let\" παρέχει συντακτική ζάχαρη για το παραπάνω σενάριο."
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/match-"
"expr.html) is used to match a value against one or more patterns. In that "
"sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:"
msgstr ""
"Η λέξη-κλειδί \"αντιστοιχία\" χρησιμοποιείται για την αντιστοίχιση μιας "
"τιμής με ένα ή περισσότερα μοτίβα. Σε Με αυτή την έννοια, λειτουργεί σαν μια "
"σειρά από εκφράσεις «αν ας»:"
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n"
" Some(\"cat\") => println!(\"Will do cat things\"),\n"
" Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Will ls some files\"),\n"
" Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Let's move some files\"),\n"
" Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, dangerous!\"),\n"
" None => println!(\"Hmm, no program name?\"),\n"
" _ => println!(\"Unknown program name!\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Like `if let`, each match arm must have the same type. The type is the last "
"expression of the block, if any. In the example above, the type is `()`."
msgstr ""
"Όπως το \"αν ας\", κάθε βραχίονας αγώνα πρέπει να έχει τον ίδιο τύπο. Ο "
"τύπος είναι ο τελευταίος έκφραση του μπλοκ, εάν υπάρχει. Στο παραπάνω "
"παράδειγμα, ο τύπος είναι `()`."
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:28
msgid "Save the match expression to a variable and print it out."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:29
msgid "Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:30
msgid ""
"`std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option<String>`, but we cannot match "
"against `String`."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:31
msgid ""
"`as_deref()` transforms an `Option<T>` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our case, "
"this turns `Option<String>` into `Option<&str>`."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:32
msgid ""
"We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside `Option`."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `match` keyword let you match a value against one or more _patterns_. "
"The comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins."
msgstr ""
"Η λέξη-κλειδί \"αντιστοιχία\" σάς επιτρέπει να αντιστοιχίσετε μια τιμή με "
"ένα ή περισσότερα _patterns_. ο Οι συγκρίσεις γίνονται από πάνω προς τα κάτω "
"και ο πρώτος αγώνας κερδίζει."
#: src/pattern-matching.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:"
msgstr ""
"Τα μοτίβα μπορεί να είναι απλές τιμές, παρόμοια με το «switch» σε C και C++:"
#: src/pattern-matching.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let input = 'x';\n"
"\n"
" match input {\n"
" 'q' => println!(\"Quitting\"),\n"
" 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n"
" '0'..='9' => println!(\"Number input\"),\n"
" _ => println!(\"Something else\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value."
msgstr ""
"Το μοτίβο `_` είναι ένα μοτίβο μπαλαντέρ που ταιριάζει με οποιαδήποτε τιμή."
#: src/pattern-matching.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a "
"pattern"
msgstr "\\<λεπτομέρειες>"
#: src/pattern-matching.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "`|` as an `or`"
msgstr "Βασικά σημεία:"
#: src/pattern-matching.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid "`..` can expand as much as it needs to be"
msgstr ""
"Θα μπορούσατε να επισημάνετε πώς χρησιμοποιούνται ορισμένοι συγκεκριμένοι "
"χαρακτήρες όταν βρίσκονται σε ένα δίπλωμα ευρεσιτεχνίας"
#: src/pattern-matching.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid "`1..=5` represents an inclusive range"
msgstr "«|» ως «ή»."
#: src/pattern-matching.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "`_` is a wild card"
msgstr "Το «..» μπορεί να επεκταθεί όσο χρειάζεται"
#: src/pattern-matching.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a "
"wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`."
msgstr "Το \"1..=5\" αντιπροσωπεύει ένα εύρος που περιλαμβάνει"
#: src/pattern-matching.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can demonstrate matching on a reference."
msgstr "Το `_` είναι μπαλαντέρ"
#: src/pattern-matching.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable patterns, "
"as the term can show up in error messages."
msgstr ""
"Μπορεί να είναι χρήσιμο να δείξετε πώς λειτουργεί το δεσμευτικό, για "
"παράδειγμα αντικαθιστώντας έναν χαρακτήρα μπαλαντέρ με μια μεταβλητή ή "
"αφαιρώντας τα εισαγωγικά γύρω από το `q`.\n"
"\n"
"Μπορείτε να επιδείξετε την αντιστοίχιση σε μια αναφορά.\n"
"\n"
"Αυτή μπορεί να είναι μια καλή στιγμή για να αναδείξετε την έννοια των "
"αδιαμφισβήτητων προτύπων, καθώς ο όρος μπορεί να εμφανίζεται σε μηνύματα "
"λάθους."
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is "
"how you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple "
"`enum` type:"
msgstr ""
"Τα μοτίβα μπορούν επίσης να χρησιμοποιηθούν για τη σύνδεση μεταβλητών σε "
"μέρη των τιμών σας. Ετσι επιθεωρείτε τη δομή των τύπων σας. Ας ξεκινήσουμε "
"με έναν απλό τύπο «enum»:"
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"enum Result {\n"
" Ok(i32),\n"
" Err(String),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n"
" if n % 2 == 0 {\n"
" Result::Ok(n / 2)\n"
" } else {\n"
" Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let n = 100;\n"
" match divide_in_two(n) {\n"
" Result::Ok(half) => println!(\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"),\n"
" Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first "
"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second "
"arm, `msg` is bound to the error message."
msgstr ""
"Εδώ χρησιμοποιήσαμε τους βραχίονες για να _καταστρέψουμε_ την τιμή "
"\"Αποτέλεσμα\". Κατά την πρώτη βραχίονα, το \"μισό\" είναι δεσμευμένο στην "
"τιμή μέσα στην παραλλαγή \"Ok\". Στο δεύτερο χέρι, Το \"msg\" συνδέεται με "
"το μήνυμα σφάλματος."
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with "
"a `match`."
msgstr "Βασικά σημεία:"
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the "
"errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is now "
"inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints."
msgstr ""
"Η έκφραση `if`/`else` επιστρέφει έναν αριθμό που αργότερα αποσυσκευάζεται με "
"ένα \"match\".\n"
"\n"
"Μπορείτε να δοκιμάσετε να προσθέσετε μια τρίτη παραλλαγή στον ορισμό enum "
"και να εμφανίσετε τα σφάλματα κατά την εκτέλεση του κώδικα. Επισημάνετε τα "
"σημεία όπου ο κώδικας σας είναι πλέον ανεξάντλητος και πώς ο μεταγλωττιστής "
"προσπαθεί να σας δώσει συμβουλές."
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:"
msgstr "Μπορείτε επίσης να καταστρέψετε «structs»:"
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Foo {\n"
" x: (u32, u32),\n"
" y: u32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n"
" match foo {\n"
" Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n"
" Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n"
" Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, other fields were "
"ignored\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:23
msgid "Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:24
msgid "Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:25
msgid ""
"The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard to "
"spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that it "
"subtly doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can destructure arrays, tuples, and slices by matching on their elements:"
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να καταστρέψετε πίνακες, πλειάδες και φέτες ταιριάζοντας στα "
"στοιχεία τους:"
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let triple = [0, -2, 3];\n"
" println!(\"Tell me about {triple:?}\");\n"
" match triple {\n"
" [0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
" [1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n"
" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:21
msgid ""
"Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of fixed "
"length."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:24
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n"
" inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
"fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n"
" println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n"
" match slice {\n"
" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
" &[1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n"
" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:41
msgid "Create a new pattern using `_` to represent an element. "
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:42
msgid "Add more values to the array."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:43
msgid ""
"Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of "
"elements."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:44
msgid "Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary "
"Boolean expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:"
msgstr ""
"Κατά την αντιστοίχιση, μπορείτε να προσθέσετε ένα _guard_ σε ένα μοτίβο. "
"Αυτό είναι ένα αυθαίρετο Boolean έκφραση που θα εκτελεστεί εάν το μοτίβο "
"ταιριάζει:"
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let pair = (2, -2);\n"
" println!(\"Tell me about {pair:?}\");\n"
" match pair {\n"
" (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"These are twins\"),\n"
" (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n"
" (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"The first one is odd\"),\n"
" _ => println!(\"No correlation...\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when "
"we wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone would "
"allow."
msgstr "Βασικά σημεία:"
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. "
"An `if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the "
"match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't "
"result in other arms of the original `match` expression being considered."
msgstr ""
"Οι προστατευτικοί αγώνες ως ξεχωριστό συντακτικό χαρακτηριστικό είναι "
"σημαντικοί και απαραίτητοι."
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression."
msgstr ""
"Δεν είναι ίδια με την ξεχωριστή έκφραση «αν» μέσα στο βραχίονα του αγώνα. "
"Μια έκφραση `if` μέσα στο μπλοκ διακλάδωσης (μετά από `=>`) εμφανίζεται μετά "
"την επιλογή του βραχίονα αντιστοίχισης. Η αποτυχία της συνθήκης \"αν\" μέσα "
"σε αυτό το μπλοκ δεν θα οδηγήσει σε άλλους βραχίονες της αρχικής έκφρασης "
"«ταιριάσματος» που εξετάζεται."
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern "
"with an `|`."
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε τις μεταβλητές που ορίζονται στο μοτίβο στην "
"έκφραση if σας.\n"
"\n"
"Η συνθήκη που ορίζεται στο προστατευτικό ισχύει για κάθε έκφραση σε μοτίβο "
"με ένα `|`."
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 1: Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "Ημέρα 1: Απογευματινές Ασκήσεις"
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at two things:"
msgstr "Θα δούμε δύο πράγματα:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Luhn algorithm,"
msgstr "Αλγόριθμος Luhn"
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "An exercise on pattern matching."
msgstr "Αριθμοί και αντιστοίχιση μοτίβων."
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:7
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:7
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-"
"afternoon.md) provided."
msgstr "Αφού δείτε την άσκηση, μπορείτε να δείτε τη \\[λύση\\] που παρέχεται."
#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used "
"to validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and "
"does the following to validate the credit card number:"
msgstr ""
"Ο [αλγόριθμος Luhn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) "
"χρησιμοποιείται για επικύρωση αριθμών πιστωτικών καρτών. Ο αλγόριθμος "
"παίρνει μια συμβολοσειρά ως είσοδο και κάνει το παρακάτω για να επικυρώσετε "
"τον αριθμό της πιστωτικής κάρτας:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:7
msgid "Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:9
msgid ""
"Moving from **right to left**, double every second digit: for the number "
"`1234`, we double `3` and `1`. For the number `98765`, we double `6` and `8`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:12
msgid ""
"After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` which "
"becomes `5`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:15
msgid "Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:17
msgid "The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the "
"function."
msgstr ""
"Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/> και "
"εφαρμόστε το λειτουργίες:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:21
msgid ""
"Try to solve the problem the \"simple\" way first, using `for` loops and "
"integers. Then, revisit the solution and try to implement it with iterators."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/luhn.md:25
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
"fn main() {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Welcome to Day 2"
msgstr "Καλώς ήρθατε στην Ημέρα 2"
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, we will continue with:"
msgstr "Τώρα που είδαμε αρκετή ποσότητα Rust, θα συνεχίσουμε με:"
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:5
msgid ""
"Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based "
"memory management, and garbage collection."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:8
msgid ""
"Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "Structs and methods."
msgstr "Συμβολοσειρές και Επαναλήπτες"
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:12
msgid ""
"The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, "
"`Rc` and `Arc`."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:15
msgid "Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:"
msgstr "Παραδοσιακά, οι γλώσσες χωρίζονται σε δύο μεγάλες κατηγορίες:"
#: src/memory-management.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ..."
msgstr ""
"Πλήρης έλεγχος μέσω χειροκίνητης διαχείρισης μνήμης: C, C++, Pascal, ..."
#: src/memory-management.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, "
"Haskell, ..."
msgstr ""
"Πλήρης ασφάλεια μέσω αυτόματης διαχείρισης μνήμης κατά την εκτέλεση: Java, "
"Python, Go, Haskell, ..."
#: src/memory-management.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust offers a new mix:"
msgstr "Η Rust προσφέρει ένα νέο μείγμα:"
#: src/memory-management.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Full control _and_ safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory "
"management."
msgstr ""
"Πλήρης έλεγχος _και_ ασφάλεια μέσω επιβολής χρόνου μεταγλώττισης της σωστής "
"μνήμης διαχείριση."
#: src/memory-management.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept."
msgstr "Το κάνει αυτό με μια ρητή έννοια ιδιοκτησίας."
#: src/memory-management.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works."
msgstr "Αρχικά, ας ανανεώσουμε τον τρόπο λειτουργίας της διαχείρισης μνήμης."
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Stack vs The Heap"
msgstr "The Stack vs The Heap"
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables."
msgstr "Στοίβα: Συνεχής περιοχή μνήμης για τοπικές μεταβλητές."
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:4
#, fuzzy
msgid "Values have fixed sizes known at compile time."
msgstr "Οι τιμές έχουν σταθερά μεγέθη γνωστά κατά το χρόνο μεταγλώττισης."
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer."
msgstr "Εξαιρετικά γρήγορο: απλώς μετακινήστε έναν δείκτη στοίβας."
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Easy to manage: follows function calls."
msgstr "Εύκολο στη διαχείριση: ακολουθεί κλήσεις λειτουργιών."
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Great memory locality."
msgstr "Μεγάλη τοποθεσία μνήμης."
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:9
msgid "Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:10
msgid "Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:11
msgid "Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:12
msgid "No guarantee of memory locality."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Stack and Heap Example"
msgstr "Στοίβα και Σωρός"
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized metadata on the stack and dynamically "
"sized data, the actual string, on the heap:"
msgstr ""
"Η δημιουργία ενός \"String\" τοποθετεί δεδομένα σταθερού μεγέθους στη στοίβα "
"και δυναμικά μεγέθη δεδομένα για το σωρό:"
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:12
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": s1 : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n"
": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:28
msgid ""
"Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and "
"length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:30
msgid ""
"If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap "
"allocated using the [System Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/"
"struct.System.html) and custom allocators can be implemented using the "
"[Allocator API](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:32
msgid ""
"We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should "
"point out that this is rightfully unsafe!"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:34
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
" s1.push(' ');\n"
" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n"
" // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n"
" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead "
"to\n"
" // undefined behavior.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" let (ptr, capacity, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::"
"transmute(s1);\n"
" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself."
msgstr "Εκχωρείτε και εκχωρείτε τη μνήμη σωρού μόνοι σας."
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security "
"vulnerabilities, and memory leaks."
msgstr ""
"Εάν δεν γίνει με προσοχή, αυτό μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε σφάλματα, σφάλματα, "
"ευπάθειες ασφαλείας και διαρροές μνήμης."
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "C Example"
msgstr "Γ Παράδειγμα"
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:"
msgstr ""
"Πρέπει να καλείτε \"δωρεάν\" σε κάθε δείκτη που εκχωρείτε με το \"malloc\":"
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:11
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"void foo(size_t n) {\n"
" int* int_array = malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n"
" //\n"
" // ... lots of code\n"
" //\n"
" free(int_array);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and `free`: "
"the pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory. Worse, freeing the "
"pointer twice, or accessing a freed pointer can lead to exploitable security "
"vulnerabilities."
msgstr ""
"Η μνήμη διαρρέει εάν η συνάρτηση επιστρέψει νωρίς μεταξύ \"malloc\" και "
"\"free\": το Ο δείκτης χάνεται και δεν μπορούμε να εκχωρήσουμε τη μνήμη."
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object."
msgstr ""
"Οι κατασκευαστές και οι καταστροφείς σάς επιτρέπουν να κολλήσετε στη "
"διάρκεια ζωής ενός αντικειμένου."
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object is "
"destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an exception "
"is raised."
msgstr ""
"Τυλίγοντας έναν δείκτη σε ένα αντικείμενο, μπορείτε να ελευθερώσετε μνήμη "
"όταν το αντικείμενο βρίσκεται καταστράφηκε από. Ο μεταγλωττιστής εγγυάται "
"ότι αυτό συμβαίνει, ακόμα κι αν υπάρχει εξαίρεση ανυψώθηκε."
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and "
"gives you smart pointers."
msgstr ""
"Αυτό συχνά ονομάζεται _απόκτηση πόρων είναι αρχικοποίηση_ (RAII) και δίνει "
"έξυπνοι δείκτες."
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "C++ Example"
msgstr "Παράδειγμα C++"
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:14
msgid ""
"```c++\n"
"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr<Person> person) {\n"
" std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to memory "
"allocated on the heap."
msgstr ""
"Το αντικείμενο `std::unique_ptr` εκχωρείται στη στοίβα και δείχνει σε μνήμη "
"που εκχωρείται στο σωρό."
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run."
msgstr ""
"Στο τέλος του «say_hello», θα εκτελεστεί ο καταστροφέας «std::unique_ptr»."
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to."
msgstr "Ο καταστροφέας ελευθερώνει το αντικείμενο «Person» στο οποίο δείχνει."
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:"
msgstr ""
"Οι ειδικοί κατασκευαστές μετακίνησης χρησιμοποιούνται όταν μεταβιβάζεται η "
"ιδιοκτησία σε μια συνάρτηση:"
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:27
msgid ""
"```c++\n"
"std::unique_ptr<Person> person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n"
"say_hello(std::move(person));\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Automatic Memory Management"
msgstr "Αυτόματη διαχείριση μνήμης"
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic "
"memory management:"
msgstr ""
"Μια εναλλακτική λύση στη χειροκίνητη διαχείριση μνήμης και τη διαχείριση "
"μνήμης βάσει εύρους είναι η αυτόματη μνήμη διαχείριση:"
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly."
msgstr "Ο προγραμματιστής ποτέ δεν εκχωρεί ή εκχωρεί μνήμη ρητά."
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the "
"programmer."
msgstr ""
"Ένας συλλέκτης σκουπιδιών βρίσκει αχρησιμοποίητη μνήμη και την εκχωρεί στον "
"προγραμματιστή."
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "Java Example"
msgstr "Παράδειγμα Java"
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:"
msgstr ""
"Το αντικείμενο \"person\" δεν εκχωρείται μετά την επιστροφή του \"sayHello\":"
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:13
msgid ""
"```java\n"
"void sayHello(Person person) {\n"
" System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Memory Management in Rust"
msgstr "Διαχείριση μνήμης σε Rust"
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:"
msgstr "Η διαχείριση μνήμης στο Rust είναι ένας συνδυασμός:"
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector."
msgstr "Ασφαλές και σωστό όπως η Java, αλλά χωρίς σκουπιδοσυλλέκτη."
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you choose, "
"can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically reference "
"counted."
msgstr ""
"Ανάλογα με το ποια αφαίρεση (ή συνδυασμό αφαιρέσεων) επιλέγετε, μπορεί να "
"είναι ένας μοναδικός δείκτης, να μετράται η αναφορά ή να μετράται ατομικά η "
"αναφορά."
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence."
msgstr ""
"Βασίζεται στο πεδίο εφαρμογής όπως η C++, αλλά ο μεταγλωττιστής επιβάλλει "
"την πλήρη συμμόρφωση."
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even "
"have no cost at runtime like C."
msgstr ""
"Ένας χρήστης του Rust μπορεί να επιλέξει τη σωστή αφαίρεση για την "
"κατάσταση, μερικοί μάλιστα δεν έχουν κόστος κατά τη διάρκεια εκτέλεσης όπως "
"το C."
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly."
msgstr "Αυτό το επιτυγχάνει διαμορφώνοντας ρητά την _ownership_."
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually "
"handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec."
"html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html), or [Arc]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). These encapsulate "
"ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the potential "
"errors in C."
msgstr ""
"Εάν ρωτήσετε πώς σε αυτό το σημείο, μπορείτε να αναφέρετε ότι στο Rust αυτό "
"συνήθως αντιμετωπίζεται από τύπους περιτυλίγματος RAII όπως [Box](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang."
"org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct."
"Rc.html) ή [Arc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). Αυτά "
"ενσωματώνουν την ιδιοκτησία και την εκχώρηση μνήμης με διάφορα μέσα και "
"αποτρέπουν τα πιθανά σφάλματα στο C."
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:16
msgid ""
"You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop](https://doc.rust-lang."
"org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) trait is the Rust equivalent."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques."
msgstr "Ακολουθεί μια πρόχειρη σύγκριση των τεχνικών διαχείρισης μνήμης."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques"
msgstr "Πλεονεκτήματα Διαφορετικών Τεχνικών Διαχείρισης Μνήμης"
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:7 src/memory-management/comparison.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "Manual like C:"
msgstr "Εγχειρίδιο όπως C:"
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:8 src/memory-management/comparison.md:14
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "No runtime overhead."
msgstr "Χωρίς επιβάρυνση χρόνου εκτέλεσης."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:9 src/memory-management/comparison.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "Automatic like Java:"
msgstr "Αυτόματο όπως Java:"
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "Fully automatic."
msgstr "Εντελώς αυτόματο."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:11
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "Safe and correct."
msgstr "Ασφαλές και σωστό."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:12
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid "Scope-based like C++:"
msgstr "Βασισμένο σε πεδίο εφαρμογής όπως η C++:"
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "Partially automatic."
msgstr "Μερικώς αυτόματο."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:"
msgstr "Βασισμένο σε εύρος με επιβολή μεταγλωττιστή όπως το Rust:"
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "Enforced by compiler."
msgstr "Επιβάλλεται από τον μεταγλωττιστή."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques"
msgstr "Μειονεκτήματα των διαφορετικών τεχνικών διαχείρισης μνήμης"
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "Use-after-free."
msgstr "Χρήση-μετά-δωρεάν."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "Double-frees."
msgstr "Διπλό δωρεάν."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "Memory leaks."
msgstr "Διαρροές μνήμης."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "Garbage collection pauses."
msgstr "Παύσεις αποκομιδής σκουπιδιών."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid "Destructor delays."
msgstr "Καθυστερήσεις καταστροφέων."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "Complex, opt-in by programmer (on C++)."
msgstr "Σύνθετο, συμμετοχή από προγραμματιστή."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:31
msgid "Circular references can lead to memory leaks"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid "Potential runtime overhead"
msgstr "Χωρίς επιβάρυνση χρόνου εκτέλεσης."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:"
msgstr "Επιβάλλεται από μεταγλωττιστή και βασίζεται σε εύρος όπως το Rust:"
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "Some upfront complexity."
msgstr "Κάποια εκ των προτέρων πολυπλοκότητα."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "Can reject valid programs."
msgstr "Μπορεί να απορρίψει έγκυρα προγράμματα."
#: src/ownership.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error "
"to use a variable outside its scope:"
msgstr ""
"Όλες οι δεσμεύσεις μεταβλητών έχουν _scope_ όπου είναι έγκυρες και είναι "
"σφάλμα χρησιμοποιήστε μια μεταβλητή εκτός του πεδίου εφαρμογής της:"
#: src/ownership.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" {\n"
" let p = Point(3, 4);\n"
" println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed."
msgstr ""
"Στο τέλος του εύρους, η μεταβλητή _αποτέθηκε_ και τα δεδομένα ελευθερώνονται."
#: src/ownership.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "A destructor can run here to free up resources."
msgstr "Ένας καταστροφέας μπορεί να τρέξει εδώ για να ελευθερώσει πόρους."
#: src/ownership.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "We say that the variable _owns_ the value."
msgstr "Λέμε ότι η μεταβλητή _κατέχει_ την τιμή."
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "An assignment will transfer _ownership_ between variables:"
msgstr "Μια ανάθεση θα μεταβιβάσει την ιδιοκτησία μεταξύ μεταβλητών:"
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n"
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership."
msgstr "Η εκχώρηση του `s1` στο `s2` μεταβιβάζει την ιδιοκτησία."
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it does not own anything."
msgstr ""
"Όταν το `s1` βγαίνει εκτός πεδίου εφαρμογής, δεν συμβαίνει τίποτα: δεν έχει "
"ιδιοκτησία."
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed."
msgstr ""
"Όταν το `s2` βγαίνει εκτός εύρους, τα δεδομένα συμβολοσειράς ελευθερώνονται."
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value."
msgstr "Υπάρχει πάντα _exactly_ μία δέσμευση μεταβλητής που κατέχει μια τιμή."
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by "
"value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!)."
msgstr ""
"Αναφέρετε ότι αυτό είναι το αντίθετο από τις προεπιλογές της C++, η οποία "
"αντιγράφει με βάση την τιμή, εκτός και αν χρησιμοποιήσετε το `std::move` "
"(και ορίζεται ο κατασκευαστής κίνησης!)."
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:23
msgid ""
"It is only the ownership that moves. Whether any machine code is generated "
"to manipulate the data itself is a matter of optimization, and such copies "
"are aggressively optimized away."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:25
msgid ""
"Simple values (such as integers) can be marked `Copy` (see later slides)."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:27
msgid "In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n"
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`."
msgstr "Τα δεδομένα σωρού από το `s1` επαναχρησιμοποιούνται για το `s2`."
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)."
msgstr ""
"Όταν το `s1` βγαίνει εκτός πεδίου εφαρμογής, δεν συμβαίνει τίποτα (έχει "
"μετακινηθεί από)."
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "Before move to `s2`:"
msgstr "Πριν μεταβείτε στο `s2`:"
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:15
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": s1 : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
": :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "After move to `s2`:"
msgstr "Μετά τη μετάβαση στο `s2`:"
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:32
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n"
": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
": s2 : |\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : |\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n"
": | len | 4 | :\n"
": | capacity | 4 | :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ :\n"
": :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Extra Work in Modern C++"
msgstr "Διπλές απελευθερώσεις μνήμης στη σύγχρονη C++"
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:"
msgstr "Η σύγχρονη C++ το λύνει διαφορετικά:"
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:5
msgid ""
"```c++\n"
"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n"
"std::string s2 = s1; // Duplicate the data in s1.\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy."
msgstr ""
"Τα δεδομένα σωρού από το `s1` είναι διπλά και το `s2` αποκτά το δικό του "
"ανεξάρτητο αντίγραφο."
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory."
msgstr ""
"Όταν τα «s1» και «s2» βγαίνουν εκτός πεδίου εφαρμογής, το καθένα "
"απελευθερώνει τη δική του μνήμη."
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "Before copy-assignment:"
msgstr "Πριν την αντιγραφή-ανάθεση:"
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:16
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": s1 : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "After copy-assignment:"
msgstr "Μετά την αντιγραφή-ανάθεση:"
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:32
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": s1 : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
": : : :\n"
": s2 : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function "
"parameter. This transfers ownership:"
msgstr ""
"Όταν μεταβιβάζετε μια τιμή σε μια συνάρτηση, η τιμή εκχωρείται στη συνάρτηση "
"παράμετρος. Αυτό μεταβιβάζει την ιδιοκτησία:"
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn say_hello(name: String) {\n"
" println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n"
" say_hello(name);\n"
" // say_hello(name);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. "
"Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`."
msgstr ""
"Με την πρώτη κλήση στο \"say_hello\", ο \"main\" παραιτείται από την "
"ιδιοκτησία του \"name\". Στη συνέχεια, το \"όνομα\" δεν μπορεί να "
"χρησιμοποιηθεί πλέον στο \"κύριο\"."
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the "
"`say_hello` function."
msgstr ""
"Η μνήμη σωρού που έχει εκχωρηθεί για το \"όνομα\" θα ελευθερωθεί στο τέλος "
"της συνάρτησης \"say_hello\"."
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and "
"if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter."
msgstr ""
"Το \"main\" μπορεί να διατηρήσει την ιδιοκτησία εάν μεταβιβάσει το \"name\" "
"ως αναφορά (\"&name\") και εάν το \"say_hello\" αποδεχτεί μια αναφορά ως "
"παράμετρο."
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name."
"clone()`)."
msgstr ""
"Εναλλακτικά, το \"main\" μπορεί να περάσει έναν κλώνο του \"name\" στην "
"πρώτη κλήση (\"name.clone()\")."
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move "
"semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit."
msgstr ""
"Το Rust καθιστά δυσκολότερο από την C++ την ακούσια δημιουργία αντιγράφων "
"καθιστώντας τη σημασιολογία κίνησης ως προεπιλογή και αναγκάζοντας τους "
"προγραμματιστές να κάνουν τους κλώνους ξεκάθαρους."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:"
msgstr ""
"Ενώ η σημασιολογία μετακίνησης είναι η προεπιλογή, ορισμένοι τύποι "
"αντιγράφονται από προεπιλογή:"
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let x = 42;\n"
" let y = x;\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait."
msgstr "Αυτοί οι τύποι εφαρμόζουν το χαρακτηριστικό «Αντιγραφή»."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:"
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να επιλέξετε τους δικούς σας τύπους για χρήση σημασιολογίας "
"αντιγραφής:"
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:18
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
" let p2 = p1;\n"
" println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n"
" println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data."
msgstr ""
"Μετά την ανάθεση, τόσο το «p1» και το «p2» έχουν τα δικά τους δεδομένα."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data."
msgstr ""
"Μπορούμε επίσης να χρησιμοποιήσουμε το «p1.clone()» για να αντιγράψουμε ρητά "
"τα δεδομένα."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:"
msgstr "Η αντιγραφή και η κλωνοποίηση δεν είναι το ίδιο πράγμα:"
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on "
"arbitrary objects."
msgstr ""
"Η αντιγραφή αναφέρεται σε αντίγραφα bitwise περιοχών μνήμης και δεν "
"λειτουργεί σε αυθαίρετα αντικείμενα."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++)."
msgstr ""
"Η αντιγραφή δεν επιτρέπει προσαρμοσμένη λογική (σε αντίθεση με τους "
"κατασκευαστές αντιγραφής στη C++)."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by "
"implementing the `Clone` trait."
msgstr ""
"Η κλωνοποίηση είναι μια πιο γενική λειτουργία και επιτρέπει επίσης "
"προσαρμοσμένη συμπεριφορά με την εφαρμογή του χαρακτηριστικού «Κλωνοποίηση»."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid "Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait."
msgstr ""
"Η αντιγραφή δεν λειτουργεί σε τύπους που εφαρμόζουν το χαρακτηριστικό «Drop»."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:42 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid "In the above example, try the following:"
msgstr "Στο παραπάνω παράδειγμα, δοκιμάστε τα εξής:"
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` "
"is not a `Copy` type."
msgstr ""
"Προσθέστε ένα πεδίο «String» στο «struct Point». Δεν θα μεταγλωττιστεί "
"επειδή το \"String\" δεν είναι τύπος \"Αντιγραφή\"."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the "
"`println!` for `p1`."
msgstr ""
"Καταργήστε το \"Copy\" από το χαρακτηριστικό \"derive\". Το σφάλμα "
"μεταγλωττιστή βρίσκεται τώρα στο «println!» για το «p1»."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead."
msgstr "Δείξτε ότι λειτουργεί εάν αντ' αυτού κλωνοποιήσετε το \"p1\"."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a way "
"to generate code in Rust at compile time. In this case the default "
"implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated."
msgstr ""
"Εάν οι μαθητές ρωτήσουν για το «derive», αρκεί να πούμε ότι αυτός είναι ένας "
"τρόπος δημιουργίας κώδικα στο Rust την ώρα της μεταγλώττισης. Σε αυτήν την "
"περίπτωση δημιουργούνται οι προεπιλεγμένες υλοποιήσεις των χαρακτηριστικών "
"«Αντιγραφή» και «Κλωνοποίηση»."
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, you can let a "
"function _borrow_ the value:"
msgstr ""
"Αντί να μεταβιβάζετε την ιδιοκτησία κατά την κλήση μιας συνάρτησης, μπορείτε "
"να αφήσετε α συνάρτηση _borrow_ την τιμή:"
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
" Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point."
msgstr ""
"Η συνάρτηση «προσθήκη» _δανείζεται_ δύο σημεία και επιστρέφει ένα νέο σημείο."
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "The caller retains ownership of the inputs."
msgstr "Ο καλών διατηρεί την κυριότητα των εισόδων."
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:27
msgid "Notes on stack returns:"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:28
msgid ""
"Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can "
"eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses "
"and run it on the [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) or look at the "
"assembly in [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). In the \"DEBUG\" "
"optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay the same "
"when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
" let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n"
" println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n"
" p\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub fn main() {\n"
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
" println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n"
" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr "Ένας άλλος τρόπος να το εξηγήσετε:"
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:48
msgid "The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO)."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:49
msgid ""
"In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because "
"constructors can have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at all. If "
"RVO did not happen, Rust will always perform a simple and efficient `memcpy` "
"copy."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values:"
msgstr ""
"Το Rust θέτει περιορισμούς στους τρόπους με τους οποίους μπορείτε να "
"δανειστείτε τιμές:"
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can have one or more `&T` values at any given time, _or_"
msgstr "Μπορείτε να έχετε μία ή περισσότερες τιμές \"&T\" ανά πάσα στιγμή, _ή_"
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can have exactly one `&mut T` value."
msgstr "Μπορείτε να έχετε ακριβώς μία τιμή «&mut T»."
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut a: i32 = 10;\n"
" let b: &i32 = &a;\n"
"\n"
" {\n"
" let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n"
" *c = 20;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through "
"`c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time."
msgstr ""
"Ο παραπάνω κώδικας δεν μεταγλωττίζεται επειδή το «a» δανείζεται ταυτόχρονα "
"ως mutable (μέσω «c») και ως αμετάβλητο (μέσω «b»)."
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` "
"to make the code compile."
msgstr ""
"Μετακινήστε τη δήλωση «println!» για το «b» πριν από το εύρος που εισάγει το "
"«c» για να κάνετε μεταγλώττιση του κώδικα."
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before "
"the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow "
"checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"."
msgstr ""
"Μετά από αυτήν την αλλαγή, ο μεταγλωττιστής συνειδητοποιεί ότι το \"b\" "
"χρησιμοποιείται μόνο πριν από το νέο μεταβλητό δάνειο του \"a\" έως το "
"\"c\". Αυτό είναι ένα χαρακτηριστικό του ελεγκτή δανεισμού που ονομάζεται "
"\"μη λεξιλογικές ζωές\"."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:"
msgstr "Μια δανεισμένη αξία έχει _διάρκεια ζωής_:"
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:5
msgid "The lifetime can be implicit: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:6
msgid "Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:7 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the "
"lifetime `a`\"."
msgstr ""
"Διαβάστε το '&'a Point' ως \"ένα δανεικό \"Point\" που ισχύει τουλάχιστον "
"για το διάρκεια ζωής «α»»."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:9
msgid ""
"Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime "
"yourself."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:11
msgid ""
"Lifetime annotations create constraints; the compiler verifies that there is "
"a valid solution."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:13
msgid ""
"Lifetimes for function arguments and return values must be fully specified, "
"but Rust allows lifetimes to be elided in most cases with [a few simple "
"rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed "
"value:"
msgstr ""
"Εκτός από τον δανεισμό των ορισμάτων της, μια συνάρτηση μπορεί να επιστρέψει "
"μια δανεισμένη τιμή:"
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
" let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "`'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler."
msgstr "Το `'a` είναι μια γενική παράμετρος, συνάγεται από τον μεταγλωττιστή."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name."
msgstr ""
"Οι διάρκειες ζωής ξεκινούν με \"\"\" και το \"a\" είναι ένα τυπικό "
"προεπιλεγμένο όνομα."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes."
msgstr ""
"Το τμήμα _τουλάχιστον_ είναι σημαντικό όταν οι παράμετροι βρίσκονται σε "
"διαφορετικά πεδία."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a new scope (`{ ... }`), "
"resulting in the following code:"
msgstr ""
"Επαναφέρετε τον χώρο εργασίας και αλλάξτε την υπογραφή της συνάρτησης σε `fn "
"left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. Αυτό δεν θα "
"μεταγλωττιστεί επειδή η σχέση μεταξύ των χρόνων ζωής \"a\" και \"b\" είναι "
"ασαφής."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
" let p3: &Point;\n"
" {\n"
" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
" p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr "Ένας άλλος τρόπος να το εξηγήσετε:"
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid "Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`."
msgstr ""
"Δύο αναφορές σε δύο τιμές δανείζονται από μια συνάρτηση και η συνάρτηση "
"επιστρέφει άλλη αναφορά."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn left_most<'a, "
"'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will not compile "
"because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` is unclear."
msgstr ""
"Πρέπει να προέρχεται από μία από αυτές τις δύο εισόδους (ή από μια καθολική "
"μεταβλητή)."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid "Another way to explain it:"
msgstr ""
"Ποιο είναι απ 'όλα? Ο μεταγλωττιστής πρέπει να γνωρίζει, επομένως στον "
"ιστότοπο κλήσης δεν χρησιμοποιείται η επιστρεφόμενη αναφορά για περισσότερο "
"από μια μεταβλητή από την οποία προήλθε η αναφορά."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:54
msgid ""
"Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function "
"returns another reference."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:56
msgid ""
"It must have come from one of those two inputs (or from a global variable)."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:57
msgid ""
"Which one is it? The compiler needs to know, so at the call site the "
"returned reference is not used for longer than a variable from where the "
"reference came from."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:"
msgstr ""
"Εάν ένας τύπος δεδομένων αποθηκεύει δανεισμένα δεδομένα, πρέπει να "
"σχολιάζεται με μια διάρκεια ζωής:"
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n"
"\n"
"fn erase(text: String) {\n"
" println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
"\");\n"
" let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n"
" let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n"
" // erase(text);\n"
" println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n"
" println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data "
"underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of "
"`Highlight` that uses that data."
msgstr ""
"Στο παραπάνω παράδειγμα, ο σχολιασμός στο \"Highlight\" επιβάλλει ότι τα "
"δεδομένα που βρίσκονται κάτω από το περιεχόμενο \"&str\" ζουν τουλάχιστον "
"για όσο χρονικό διάστημα οποιοδήποτε στιγμιότυπο του \"Highlight\" που "
"χρησιμοποιεί αυτά τα δεδομένα."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), "
"the borrow checker throws an error."
msgstr ""
"Εάν το «κείμενο» καταναλωθεί πριν από το τέλος της διάρκειας ζωής του "
"«αλεπού» (ή του «σκύλου»), ο ελεγκτής δανείου κάνει ένα σφάλμα."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This "
"can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them "
"somewhat harder to use."
msgstr ""
"Οι τύποι με δανεικά δεδομένα αναγκάζουν τους χρήστες να παραμείνουν στα "
"αρχικά δεδομένα. Αυτό μπορεί να είναι χρήσιμο για τη δημιουργία ελαφριών "
"προβολών, αλλά γενικά τις καθιστά κάπως πιο δύσκολες στη χρήση."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid "When possible, make data structures own their data directly."
msgstr ""
"Όταν είναι δυνατόν, κάντε τις δομές δεδομένων να κατέχουν απευθείας τα "
"δεδομένα τους."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime "
"annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe lifetime "
"relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the lifetime "
"of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases."
msgstr ""
"Ορισμένες δομές με πολλαπλές αναφορές στο εσωτερικό μπορεί να έχουν "
"περισσότερους από έναν σχολιασμούς διάρκειας ζωής. Αυτό μπορεί να είναι "
"απαραίτητο εάν υπάρχει ανάγκη να περιγραφούν σχέσεις διάρκειας ζωής μεταξύ "
"των ίδιων των αναφορών, επιπλέον της διάρκειας ζωής της ίδιας της δομής. "
"Είναι πολύ προηγμένες περιπτώσεις χρήσης."
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 2: Morning Exercises"
msgstr "Ημέρα 2: Πρωινές ασκήσεις"
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:"
msgstr "Θα εξετάσουμε την εφαρμογή μεθόδων σε δύο πλαίσια:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Simple struct which tracks health statistics."
msgstr "Πολλαπλές δομές και αριθμοί για μια βιβλιοθήκη σχεδίων."
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:7
msgid "Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/book-library.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec<T>` type tomorrow. For "
"now, you just need to know part of its API:"
msgstr ""
"Θα μάθουμε πολλά περισσότερα για τις δομές και τον τύπο `Vec<T>` αύριο. Προς "
"το παρόν, απλά πρέπει να γνωρίζετε μέρος του API του:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/book-library.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n"
" vec.push(30);\n"
" let midpoint = vec.len() / 2;\n"
" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[midpoint]);\n"
" for item in &vec {\n"
" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/book-library.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use this to model a library's book collection. Copy the code below to "
"<https://play.rust-lang.org/> and update the types to make it compile:"
msgstr ""
"Χρησιμοποιήστε αυτό για να δημιουργήσετε μια εφαρμογή βιβλιοθήκης. "
"Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κωδικό στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/> και "
"ενημερώστε τους τύπους για να γίνει μεταγλώττιση:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/book-library.md:21
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"struct Library {\n"
" books: Vec<Book>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Book {\n"
" title: String,\n"
" year: u16,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Book {\n"
" // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
" Book {\n"
" title: String::from(title),\n"
" year,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n"
"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n"
"//\n"
"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n"
"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n"
"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n"
"impl Library {\n"
" fn new() -> Library {\n"
" todo!(\"Initialize and return a `Library` value\")\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n"
" //}\n"
"\n"
" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n"
" //}\n"
"\n"
" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n"
" //}\n"
"\n"
" //fn print_books(self) {\n"
" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and "
"year\")\n"
" //}\n"
"\n"
" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n"
" //}\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let library = Library::new();\n"
"\n"
" //println!(\"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", library."
"is_empty());\n"
" //\n"
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
"1865));\n"
" //\n"
" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", "
"library.is_empty());\n"
" //\n"
" //\n"
" //library.print_books();\n"
" //\n"
" //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n"
" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n"
" //}\n"
" //\n"
" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
" //library.print_books();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/book-library.md:102
#, fuzzy
msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
msgstr ""
"\\<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
"\n"
"[Λύση](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the "
"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and "
"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) "
"traits."
msgstr ""
"Το μοντέλο ιδιοκτησίας του Rust επηρεάζει πολλά API. Ένα παράδειγμα αυτού "
"είναι το [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
"html) και [`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait."
"IntoIterator.html) χαρακτηριστικά."
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:8 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Iterator`"
msgstr "«Iterator»."
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. The "
"`Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get `None` "
"back:"
msgstr ""
"Τα γνωρίσματα είναι σαν διεπαφές: περιγράφουν τη συμπεριφορά (μέθοδοι) για "
"έναν τύπο. ο Το χαρακτηριστικό «Iterator» λέει απλώς ότι μπορείτε να "
"καλέσετε «επόμενο» μέχρι να λάβετε πίσω το «Κανένα»:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:13
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"pub trait Iterator {\n"
" type Item;\n"
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item>;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "You use this trait like this:"
msgstr "Χρησιμοποιείτε αυτό το χαρακτηριστικό ως εξής:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:22
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
" let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
" println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
" println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
" println!(\"No more items: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:"
msgstr ""
"Ποιος είναι ο τύπος που επιστρέφει ο επαναλήπτης; Δοκιμάστε την απάντησή σας "
"εδώ:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:36
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
" let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
"\n"
" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "Why is this type used?"
msgstr "Γιατί χρησιμοποιείται αυτός ο τύπος;"
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid "`IntoIterator`"
msgstr "«IntoIterator»."
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an "
"iterator. The related trait `IntoIterator` tells you how to create the "
"iterator:"
msgstr ""
"Το χαρακτηριστικό \"Iterator\" σάς λέει πώς να _επανάληψη_ αφού "
"δημιουργήσετε ένα επαναλήπτης. Το σχετικό χαρακτηριστικό «IntoIterator» σάς "
"λέει πώς να δημιουργήσετε τον επαναλήπτη:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:53
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"pub trait IntoIterator {\n"
" type Item;\n"
" type IntoIter: Iterator<Item = Self::Item>;\n"
"\n"
" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The syntax here means that every implementation of `IntoIterator` must "
"declare two types:"
msgstr ""
"Η σύνταξη εδώ σημαίνει ότι κάθε υλοποίηση του «IntoIterator» πρέπει Δηλώστε "
"δύο τύπους:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:65
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Item`: the type we iterate over, such as `i8`,"
msgstr "\"Στοιχείο\": ο τύπος που επαναλαμβάνουμε, όπως \"i8\","
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:66
#, fuzzy
msgid "`IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method."
msgstr ""
"«IntoIter»: ο τύπος «Iterator» που επιστρέφεται με τη μέθοδο «into_iter»."
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:68
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same "
"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option<Item>`"
msgstr ""
"Σημειώστε ότι το \"IntoIter\" και το \"Item\" είναι συνδεδεμένα: ο "
"επαναλήπτης πρέπει να έχει το ίδιο Τύπος «Στοιχείο», που σημαίνει ότι "
"επιστρέφει «Επιλογή\\<Στοιχείο>»."
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:71
#, fuzzy
msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?"
msgstr "Όπως και πριν, ποιος είναι ο τύπος που επιστρέφει ο επαναλήπτης;"
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:73
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::"
"from(\"bar\")];\n"
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
"\n"
" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:83
#, fuzzy
msgid "`for` Loops"
msgstr "Βρόχοι «για»."
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:85
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` "
"loops. They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the "
"resulting iterator:"
msgstr ""
"Τώρα που γνωρίζουμε και τα δύο \"Iterator\" και \"IntoIterator\", μπορούμε "
"να δημιουργήσουμε βρόχους \"for\". Καλούν «into_iter()» σε μια έκφραση και "
"επαναλαμβάνεται πάνω από το αποτέλεσμα επαναλήπτης:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:89
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::"
"from(\"bar\")];\n"
"\n"
" for word in &v {\n"
" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" for word in v {\n"
" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:103
#, fuzzy
msgid "What is the type of `word` in each loop?"
msgstr "Ποιος είναι ο τύπος της λέξης σε κάθε βρόχο;"
#: src/exercises/day-2/iterators-and-ownership.md:105
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for [`impl "
"IntoIterator for &Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec."
"html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26'a+Vec%3CT,+A%3E) and [`impl IntoIterator for "
"Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-"
"for-Vec%3CT,+A%3E) to check your answers."
msgstr ""
"Πειραματιστείτε με τον παραπάνω κώδικα και, στη συνέχεια, συμβουλευτείτε την "
"τεκμηρίωση για [`impl IntoIterator για &Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) "
"και [`impl IntoIterator for Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
"struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) για να ελέγξετε τις "
"απαντήσεις σας."
#: src/structs.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:"
msgstr "Όπως η C και η C++, η Rust υποστηρίζει προσαρμοσμένες δομές:"
#: src/structs.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Person {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" age: u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut peter = Person {\n"
" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
" age: 27,\n"
" };\n"
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
" \n"
" peter.age = 28;\n"
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
" \n"
" let jackie = Person {\n"
" name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n"
" ..peter\n"
" };\n"
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/structs.md:33
msgid "Structs work like in C or C++."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs.md:34
msgid "Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs.md:35
msgid "Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs.md:36
msgid ""
"Methods are defined in an `impl` block, which we will see in following "
"slides."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs.md:37
msgid ""
"This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of "
"structs. "
msgstr ""
#: src/structs.md:38
msgid ""
"Zero-sized structs `e.g., struct Foo;` might be used when implementing a "
"trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the "
"value itself. "
msgstr ""
#: src/structs.md:39
msgid ""
"The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are "
"not important."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs.md:40
msgid ""
"The syntax `..peter` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the "
"old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be "
"the last element."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:"
msgstr ""
"Εάν τα ονόματα των πεδίων δεν είναι σημαντικά, μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε "
"μια δομή πλειάδας:"
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p = Point(17, 23);\n"
" println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):"
msgstr ""
"Αυτό χρησιμοποιείται συχνά για περιτυλίγματα ενός πεδίου (που ονομάζονται "
"νέοι τύποι):"
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:16
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"struct PoundsOfForce(f64);\n"
"struct Newtons(f64);\n"
"\n"
"fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundsOfForce {\n"
" todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n"
" // ...\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let force = compute_thruster_force();\n"
" set_thruster_force(force);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in "
"a primitive type, for example:"
msgstr ""
"Οι νέοι τύποι είναι ένας πολύ καλός τρόπος για να κωδικοποιήσετε πρόσθετες "
"πληροφορίες σχετικά με την τιμή σε έναν πρωτόγονο τύπο, για παράδειγμα:"
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid "The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above."
msgstr ""
"Ο αριθμός μετριέται σε ορισμένες μονάδες: «Newtons» στο παραπάνω παράδειγμα."
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have "
"to validate it again at every use: 'PhoneNumber(String)`or`OddNumber(u32)\\`."
msgstr ""
"Η τιμή πέρασε κάποια επικύρωση όταν δημιουργήθηκε, επομένως δεν χρειάζεται "
"πλέον να την επικυρώνετε ξανά σε κάθε χρήση: «PhoneNumber(String)» ή "
"«OddNumber(u32)»."
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:40
msgid ""
"Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the "
"single field in the newtype."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:41
msgid ""
"Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or "
"for instance using booleans as integers."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:42
msgid "Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics)."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:43
msgid ""
"The example is a subtle reference to the [Mars Climate Orbiter](https://en."
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter) failure."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the "
"struct using a shorthand:"
msgstr ""
"Εάν έχετε ήδη μεταβλητές με τα σωστά ονόματα, τότε μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε "
"τις δόμηση χρησιμοποιώντας συντομογραφία:"
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Person {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" age: u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Person {\n"
" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n"
" Person { name, age }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n"
" println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:27
msgid ""
"The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is "
"interchangeable with the struct type name"
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:29
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Person {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" age: u8,\n"
"}\n"
"impl Person {\n"
" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n"
" Self { name, age }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:41
msgid ""
"Implement the `Default` trait for the struct. Define some fields and use the "
"default values for the other fields."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:43
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Person {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" age: u8,\n"
"}\n"
"impl Default for Person {\n"
" fn default() -> Person {\n"
" Person {\n"
" name: \"Bot\".to_string(),\n"
" age: 0,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"fn create_default() {\n"
" let tmp = Person {\n"
" ..Person::default()\n"
" };\n"
" let tmp = Person {\n"
" name: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n"
" ..Person::default()\n"
" };\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:68
msgid "Methods are defined in the `impl` block."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:69
msgid ""
"Use struct update syntax to define a new structure using `peter`. Note that "
"the variable `peter` will no longer be accessible afterwards."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:70
msgid ""
"Use `{:#?}` when printing structs to request the `Debug` representation."
msgstr ""
#: src/methods.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with "
"an `impl` block:"
msgstr ""
"Το Rust σάς επιτρέπει να συσχετίζετε λειτουργίες με τους νέους τύπους σας. "
"Το κάνετε αυτό με ένα μπλοκ \"impl\":"
#: src/methods.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Person {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" age: u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Person {\n"
" fn say_hello(&self) {\n"
" println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let peter = Person {\n"
" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
" age: 27,\n"
" };\n"
" peter.say_hello();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid "It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions."
msgstr "Βασικά σημεία:"
#: src/methods.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the "
"first parameter represents the instance as `self`."
msgstr ""
"Μπορεί να είναι χρήσιμη η εισαγωγή μεθόδων συγκρίνοντάς τες με συναρτήσεις."
#: src/methods.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver "
"syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep "
"all the implementation code in one predictable place."
msgstr ""
"Οι μέθοδοι καλούνται σε μια παρουσία ενός τύπου (όπως μια δομή ή ένα enum), "
"η πρώτη παράμετρος αντιπροσωπεύει την παρουσία ως \"self\"."
#: src/methods.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver."
msgstr ""
"Οι προγραμματιστές μπορούν να επιλέξουν να χρησιμοποιήσουν μεθόδους για να "
"επωφεληθούν από τη σύνταξη του δέκτη μεθόδων και να τους βοηθήσουν να "
"διατηρηθούν πιο οργανωμένοι. Χρησιμοποιώντας μεθόδους μπορούμε να "
"διατηρήσουμε όλο τον κώδικα υλοποίησης σε ένα προβλέψιμο μέρος."
#: src/methods.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self: Self` and perhaps show how "
"the struct name could also be used."
msgstr "Επισημάνετε τη χρήση της λέξης-κλειδιού «self», ενός δέκτη μεθόδου."
#: src/methods.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and "
"can be used elsewhere in the block."
msgstr ""
"Δείξτε ότι είναι ένας συντομευμένος όρος για το \"self:&Self\" και ίσως "
"δείξετε πώς θα μπορούσε επίσης να χρησιμοποιηθεί το όνομα της δομής."
#: src/methods.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to "
"refer to individual fields."
msgstr ""
"Εξηγήστε ότι το Self είναι ένα ψευδώνυμο τύπου για τον τύπο στον οποίο "
"βρίσκεται το μπλοκ «impl» και μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί αλλού στο μπλοκ."
#: src/methods.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` "
"by modifying the code and trying to run say_hello twice."
msgstr ""
"Σημειώστε πώς χρησιμοποιείται ο εαυτός όπως και άλλες δομές και ο "
"συμβολισμός κουκκίδων μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για αναφορά σε μεμονωμένα "
"πεδία."
#: src/methods.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid "We describe the distinction between method receivers next."
msgstr ""
"Αυτή μπορεί να είναι μια καλή στιγμή για να δείξετε πώς το \"&self\" "
"διαφέρει από το \"self\" τροποποιώντας τον κώδικα και προσπαθώντας να "
"εκτελέσετε το say_hello δύο φορές.\n"
"\n"
"Στη συνέχεια περιγράφουμε τη διάκριση μεταξύ των δεκτών μεθόδων."
#: src/methods/receiver.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `&self` above indicates that the method borrows the object immutably. "
"There are other possible receivers for a method:"
msgstr ""
"Το \"&self\" παραπάνω υποδεικνύει ότι η μέθοδος δανείζεται το αντικείμενο "
"αμετάβλητα. Εκεί είναι άλλοι πιθανοί δέκτες για μια μέθοδο:"
#: src/methods/receiver.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable "
"reference. The object can be used again afterwards."
msgstr ""
"«&self»: δανείζεται το αντικείμενο από τον καλούντα χρησιμοποιώντας ένα "
"κοινόχρηστο και αμετάβλητο αναφορά. Το αντικείμενο μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί "
"ξανά μετά."
#: src/methods/receiver.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable "
"reference. The object can be used again afterwards."
msgstr ""
"\"&mut self\": δανείζεται το αντικείμενο από τον καλούντα χρησιμοποιώντας "
"ένα μοναδικό και ευμετάβλητο αναφορά. Το αντικείμενο μπορεί να "
"χρησιμοποιηθεί ξανά μετά."
#: src/methods/receiver.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The "
"method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped "
"(deallocated) when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly "
"transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability."
msgstr ""
"«self»: αναλαμβάνει την κυριότητα του αντικειμένου και το απομακρύνει από "
"τον καλούντα. ο μέθοδος γίνεται ο ιδιοκτήτης του αντικειμένου. Το "
"αντικείμενο θα απορριφθεί (κατανεμηθεί) όταν η μέθοδος επιστρέφει, εκτός εάν "
"η ιδιοκτησία της είναι ρητά μεταδόθηκε."
#: src/methods/receiver.md:14
msgid "`mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object. "
msgstr ""
#: src/methods/receiver.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to "
"create constructors which are called `new` by convention."
msgstr ""
"Χωρίς δέκτη: αυτό γίνεται μια στατική μέθοδος στη δομή. Συνήθως "
"χρησιμοποιείται σε δημιουργήστε κατασκευαστές που ονομάζονται «νέοι» κατά "
"σύμβαση."
#: src/methods/receiver.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also [special wrapper types](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) allowed to be "
"receiver types, such as `Box<Self>`."
msgstr ""
"Πέρα από παραλλαγές στον «εαυτό», υπάρχουν επίσης [ειδικοί τύποι "
"περιτυλίγματος](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits."
"html) επιτρέπεται να είναι τύποι δεκτών, όπως \"Box\n"
"\n"
"\"."
#: src/methods/receiver.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". "
"These constraints always come together in Rust due to borrow checker rules, "
"and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to reference a struct from "
"multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method on it."
msgstr ""
"\\<λεπτομέρειες>\n"
"\n"
"Εξετάστε το ενδεχόμενο να δώσετε έμφαση στο \"κοινόχρηστο και αμετάβλητο\" "
"και στο \"μοναδικό και μεταβλητό\". Αυτοί οι περιορισμοί έρχονται πάντα μαζί "
"στο Rust λόγω των κανόνων του ελεγκτή δανείου, και το \"self\" δεν αποτελεί "
"εξαίρεση. Δεν θα είναι δυνατόν Αναφέρετε μια δομή από πολλές τοποθεσίες και "
"καλέστε μια μέθοδο μεταλλάξεως (`&mut self`) σε αυτήν."
#: src/methods/example.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Race {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" laps: Vec<i32>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Race {\n"
" fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n"
" Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write "
"access to self\n"
" self.laps.push(lap);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n"
" println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n"
" for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n"
" println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n"
" let total = self.laps.iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
" println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, "
"total);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n"
" race.add_lap(70);\n"
" race.add_lap(68);\n"
" race.print_laps();\n"
" race.add_lap(71);\n"
" race.print_laps();\n"
" race.finish();\n"
" // race.add_lap(42);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods/example.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid "All four methods here use a different method receiver."
msgstr "\\<λεπτομέρειες>"
#: src/methods/example.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the "
"variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`."
msgstr "Βασικά σημεία:"
#: src/methods/example.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` twice."
msgstr "Και οι τέσσερις μέθοδοι εδώ χρησιμοποιούν διαφορετικό δέκτη μεθόδου."
#: src/methods/example.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static "
"functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables automatic "
"referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust automatically adds "
"in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches the method signature."
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να επισημάνετε πώς αλλάζει αυτό που μπορεί να κάνει η συνάρτηση με "
"τις τιμές των μεταβλητών και εάν/πώς μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί ξανά στο "
"\"main\"."
#: src/methods/example.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated "
"over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. "
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να επιδείξετε το σφάλμα που εμφανίζεται όταν προσπαθείτε να "
"καλέσετε το \"finish\" δύο φορές.\n"
"\n"
"Σημειώστε ότι παρόλο που οι δέκτες της μεθόδου είναι διαφορετικοί, οι μη "
"στατικές συναρτήσεις ονομάζονται με τον ίδιο τρόπο στο κύριο σώμα. Το Rust "
"επιτρέπει την αυτόματη αναφορά και αποαναφορά κατά την κλήση μεθόδων. Το "
"Rust προσθέτει αυτόματα τα \"&\", \"\\*\", \"muts\", έτσι ώστε αυτό το "
"αντικείμενο να ταιριάζει με την υπογραφή της μεθόδου.\n"
"\n"
"Μπορείτε να επισημάνετε ότι το \"print_laps\" χρησιμοποιεί ένα διάνυσμα που "
"επαναλαμβάνεται. Περιγράφουμε διανύσματα με περισσότερες λεπτομέρειες το "
"απόγευμα."
#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 2: Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "Ημέρα 2: Απογευματινές Ασκήσεις"
#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators."
msgstr ""
"Οι ασκήσεις για σήμερα το απόγευμα θα επικεντρωθούν σε έγχορδα και "
"επαναλήπτες."
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, "
"you need to keep track of users' health statistics."
msgstr ""
"Εργάζεστε για την εφαρμογή ενός συστήματος παρακολούθησης της υγείας. Ως "
"μέρος αυτού, εσείς πρέπει να παρακολουθεί τα στατιστικά στοιχεία υγείας των "
"χρηστών."
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You'll start with some stubbed functions in an `impl` block as well as a "
"`User` struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out methods "
"on the `User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block."
msgstr ""
"Θα ξεκινήσετε με ορισμένες αποκομμένες συναρτήσεις σε ένα μπλοκ \"impl\" "
"καθώς και σε ένα \"User\". ορισμός κατασκευής. Ο στόχος σας είναι να "
"εφαρμόσετε τις αποκομμένες μεθόδους στο Η δομή \"User\" ορίζεται στο μπλοκ "
"\"impl\"."
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
"methods:"
msgstr ""
"Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/> και "
"συμπληρώστε τον κωδικό που λείπει μέθοδοι:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:13
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"pub struct User {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" age: u32,\n"
" height: f32,\n"
" visit_count: usize,\n"
" last_blood_pressure: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Measurements {\n"
" height: f32,\n"
" blood_pressure: (u32, u32),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct HealthReport<'a> {\n"
" patient_name: &'a str,\n"
" visit_count: u32,\n"
" height_change: f32,\n"
" blood_pressure_change: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl User {\n"
" pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, height: f32) -> Self {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn height(&self) -> f32 {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn doctor_visits(&self) -> u32 {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn set_height(&mut self, new_height: f32) {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn visit_doctor(&mut self, measurements: Measurements) -> "
"HealthReport {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
" println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_height() {\n"
" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
" assert_eq!(bob.height(), 155.2);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_set_age() {\n"
" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n"
" bob.set_age(33);\n"
" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_visit() {\n"
" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
" assert_eq!(bob.doctor_visits(), 0);\n"
" let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n"
" height: 156.1,\n"
" blood_pressure: (120, 80),\n"
" });\n"
" assert_eq!(report.patient_name, \"Bob\");\n"
" assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 1);\n"
" assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, None);\n"
"\n"
" let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n"
" height: 156.1,\n"
" blood_pressure: (115, 76),\n"
" });\n"
"\n"
" assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 2);\n"
" assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, Some((-5, -4)));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common "
"types used by Rust library and programs. This way, two libraries can work "
"together smoothly because they both use the same `String` type."
msgstr ""
"Το Rust συνοδεύεται από μια τυπική βιβλιοθήκη που βοηθά στη δημιουργία ενός "
"συνόλου κοινών τύπων χρησιμοποιείται από τη βιβλιοθήκη και τα προγράμματα "
"της Rust. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο, δύο βιβλιοθήκες μπορούν να συνεργαστούν ομαλά "
"γιατί και οι δύο χρησιμοποιούν τον ίδιο τύπο «String»."
#: src/std.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "The common vocabulary types include:"
msgstr "Οι συνήθεις τύποι λεξιλογίου περιλαμβάνουν:"
#: src/std.md:9
msgid ""
"[`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional "
"values and [error handling](error-handling.md)."
msgstr ""
#: src/std.md:12
msgid "[`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data."
msgstr ""
#: src/std.md:14
msgid "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector."
msgstr ""
#: src/std.md:16
msgid ""
"[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing "
"algorithm."
msgstr ""
#: src/std.md:19
msgid "[`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data."
msgstr ""
#: src/std.md:21
msgid ""
"[`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated "
"data."
msgstr ""
#: src/std.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, "
"`alloc` and `std`. "
msgstr "\\<λεπτομέρειες>"
#: src/std.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on "
"`libc`, allocator or even the presence of an operating system. "
msgstr ""
"Στην πραγματικότητα, το Rust περιέχει πολλά επίπεδα της τυπικής βιβλιοθήκης: "
"«core», «alloc» και «std»."
#: src/std.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, "
"`Box` and `Arc`."
msgstr ""
"Ο «πυρήνας» περιλαμβάνει τους πιο βασικούς τύπους και λειτουργίες που δεν "
"εξαρτώνται από το «libc», τον εκχωρητή ή ακόμη και η παρουσία ενός "
"λειτουργικού συστήματος."
#: src/std.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`."
msgstr ""
"Το \"alloc\" περιλαμβάνει τύπους που απαιτούν καθολικό εκχωρητή σωρού, όπως "
"\"Vec\", \"Box\" και \"Arc\".\n"
"\n"
"Οι εφαρμογές Embedded Rust χρησιμοποιούν συχνά μόνο «core» και μερικές φορές "
"«alloc»."
#: src/std/option-result.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Option` and `Result`"
msgstr "«Επιλογή» και «Αποτέλεσμα»."
#: src/std/option-result.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The types represent optional data:"
msgstr "Οι τύποι αντιπροσωπεύουν προαιρετικά δεδομένα:"
#: src/std/option-result.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
" let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n"
" println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n"
"\n"
" let idx: Result<usize, usize> = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n"
" println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/option-result.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Option` and `Result` are widely used not just in the standard library."
msgstr ""
"Η επιλογή «Επιλογή» και «Αποτέλεσμα» χρησιμοποιούνται ευρέως όχι μόνο στην "
"τυπική βιβλιοθήκη."
#: src/std/option-result.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`."
msgstr "Το \"Option\\<&T>\" έχει μηδενικό χώρο σε σύγκριση με το \"&T\"."
#: src/std/option-result.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on "
"Day 3."
msgstr ""
"Το \"Αποτέλεσμα\" είναι ο τυπικός τύπος για την υλοποίηση του χειρισμού "
"σφαλμάτων, όπως θα δούμε την Ημέρα 3."
#: src/std/option-result.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "`binary_search` returns `Result<usize, usize>`."
msgstr "Η \"δυαδική_αναζήτηση\" επιστρέφει \"Αποτέλεσμα\\<χρήση, χρήση>\"."
#: src/std/option-result.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found."
msgstr ""
"Εάν βρεθεί, το «Αποτέλεσμα::Οκ» διατηρεί το ευρετήριο όπου βρίσκεται το "
"στοιχείο."
#: src/std/option-result.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should be "
"inserted."
msgstr ""
"Διαφορετικά, το \"Αποτέλεσμα::Σφάλμα\" περιέχει το ευρετήριο όπου θα πρέπει "
"να εισαχθεί ένα τέτοιο στοιχείο."
#: src/std/string.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) is the "
"standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:"
msgstr ""
"Το [`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) είναι "
"το τυπικό buffer συμβολοσειρών UTF-8 που εκχωρείται σε σωρό:"
#: src/std/string.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut s1 = String::new();\n"
" s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n"
" println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n"
"\n"
" let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n"
" s2.push_str(&s1);\n"
" s2.push('!');\n"
" println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n"
"\n"
" let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n"
" println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n"
" s3.chars().count());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/string.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`String` implements [`Deref<Target = str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), which means that you can call "
"all `str` methods on a `String`."
msgstr ""
"Το `String` υλοποιεί [`Deref<Target = str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), που σημαίνει ότι μπορείτε να "
"καλέσετε όλα Μέθοδοι `str` σε μια συμβολοσειρά."
#: src/std/string.md:30
msgid ""
"`String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when "
"you know how much data you want to push to the string."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/string.md:31
msgid ""
"`String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be "
"different from its length in characters)."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/string.md:32
msgid ""
"`String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a "
"`char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" due "
"to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/"
"unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/string.md:33
msgid ""
"When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or "
"`String`."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/string.md:34
msgid ""
"When a type implements `Deref<Target = T>`, the compiler will let you "
"transparently call methods from `T`."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/string.md:35
msgid ""
"`String` implements `Deref<Target = str>` which transparently gives it "
"access to `str`'s methods."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/string.md:36
msgid "Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1`;."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/string.md:37
msgid ""
"`String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the "
"operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but "
"with some extra guarantees."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/string.md:38
msgid "Compare the different ways to index a `String`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/string.md:39
msgid ""
"To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, "
"out-of-bounds."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/string.md:40
msgid ""
"To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character "
"boundaries or not."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/vec.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Vec`"
msgstr "«Vec»."
#: src/std/vec.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) is the standard "
"resizable heap-allocated buffer:"
msgstr ""
"Το [`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) είναι το "
"τυπικό buffer με δυνατότητα αλλαγής μεγέθους που εκχωρείται σε σωρό:"
#: src/std/vec.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n"
" v1.push(42);\n"
" println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());\n"
"\n"
" let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n"
" v2.extend(v1.iter());\n"
" v2.push(9999);\n"
" println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n"
"\n"
" // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n"
" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n"
"\n"
" // Retain only the even elements.\n"
" v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n"
" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
"\n"
" // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n"
" v3.dedup();\n"
" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/vec.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Vec` implements [`Deref<Target = [T]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), which means that you can call slice "
"methods on a `Vec`."
msgstr ""
"Το `Vec` υλοποιεί το [`Deref<Target = [T]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"vec/struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), που σημαίνει ότι μπορείτε να "
"καλέσετε το slice μεθόδους σε ένα «Vec»."
#: src/std/vec.md:37
msgid ""
"`Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data "
"it contains is stored on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't "
"need to be known at compile time. It can grow or shrink at runtime."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/vec.md:40
msgid ""
"Notice how `Vec<T>` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` "
"explicitly. As always with Rust type inference, the `T` was established "
"during the first `push` call."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/vec.md:42
msgid ""
"`vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it "
"supports adding initial elements to the vector."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/vec.md:44
msgid ""
"To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. "
"Alternatively, using `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will "
"remove the last element."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/vec.md:46
msgid ""
"Show iterating over a vector and mutating the value: `for e in &mut v { *e "
"+= 50; }`"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/hashmap.md:1 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "`HashMap`"
msgstr "`HashMap`"
#: src/std/hashmap.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:"
msgstr "Τυπικός χάρτης κατακερματισμού με προστασία από επιθέσεις HashDoS:"
#: src/std/hashmap.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n"
" page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), "
"207);\n"
" page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n"
" page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n"
"\n"
" if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n"
" println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n"
" page_counts.len());\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in "
"Wonderland\"] {\n"
" match page_counts.get(book) {\n"
" Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n"
" None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n"
" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in "
"Wonderland\"] {\n"
" let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string())."
"or_insert(0);\n"
" *page_count += 1;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/hashmap.md:38
msgid ""
"`HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/hashmap.md:39
msgid ""
"Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the "
"hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will insert "
"the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/hashmap.md:41
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
" let pc1 = page_counts\n"
" .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n"
" .unwrap_or(&336);\n"
" let pc2 = page_counts\n"
" .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n"
" .or_insert(374);\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/hashmap.md:49
msgid "Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/hashmap.md:50
msgid ""
"Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-"
"From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), which allows "
"us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/hashmap.md:52
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
" let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n"
" (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n"
" (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n"
" ]);\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/hashmap.md:59
msgid ""
"Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-"
"value tuples."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/hashmap.md:60
msgid ""
"We are showing `HashMap<String, i32>`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make "
"examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be done, "
"but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/hashmap.md:62
msgid ""
"Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still "
"compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/hashmap.md:64
msgid ""
"This type has several \"method-specific\" return types, such as `std::"
"collections::hash_map::Keys`. These types often appear in searches of the "
"Rust docs. Show students the docs for this type, and the helpful link back "
"to the `keys` method."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Box`"
msgstr "«Κουτί»."
#: src/std/box.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) is an owned "
"pointer to data on the heap:"
msgstr ""
"Το [`Πλαίσιο`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) είναι "
"ένας ιδιόκτητος δείκτης σε δεδομένα στο σωρό:"
#: src/std/box.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let five = Box::new(5);\n"
" println!(\"five: {}\", *five);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box.md:13
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": five : : :\n"
": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n"
": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
": : : :\n"
": : : :\n"
"`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Box<T>` implements `Deref<Target = T>`, which means that you can [call "
"methods from `T` directly on a `Box<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/"
"trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)."
msgstr ""
"Το \"Box\n"
"\n"
"\" υλοποιεί το \"Deref\\<Target = T>\", που σημαίνει ότι μπορείτε [μεθόδους "
"κλήσης από το \"T\" απευθείας σε ένα \"Box\n"
"\n"
"\"](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-"
"coercion)."
#: src/std/box.md:34
msgid ""
"`Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be "
"not null. "
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box.md:35
msgid ""
"In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` "
"statement thanks to `Deref`. "
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box.md:36
msgid "A `Box` can be useful when you:"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box.md:37
msgid ""
"have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust "
"compiler wants to know an exact size."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box.md:38
msgid ""
"want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large "
"amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` "
"so only the pointer is moved."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Box with Recursive Data Structures"
msgstr "Πλαίσιο με αναδρομικές δομές δεδομένων"
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:"
msgstr ""
"Οι αναδρομικοί τύποι δεδομένων ή οι τύποι δεδομένων με δυναμικά μεγέθη "
"πρέπει να χρησιμοποιούν ένα «Πλαίσιο»:"
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:5 src/std/box-niche.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"enum List<T> {\n"
" Cons(T, Box<List<T>>),\n"
" Nil,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let list: List<i32> = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::"
"new(List::Nil))));\n"
" println!(\"{list:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:18
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"- -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": "
"list : : :\n"
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----"
"+ :\n"
": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // "
"| :\n"
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----"
"+ :\n"
": : : :\n"
": : : :\n"
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"- -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:33
msgid ""
"If `Box` was not used and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the "
"`List`, the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory "
"(`List` would be of infinite size)."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:36
msgid ""
"`Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and "
"just points at the next element of the `List` in the heap."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:39
msgid ""
"Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. "
"\"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or "
"reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box-niche.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This "
"allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:"
msgstr ""
"Ένα «Πλαίσιο» δεν μπορεί να είναι κενό, επομένως ο δείκτης είναι πάντα "
"έγκυρος και μη «μηδενικός». Αυτό επιτρέπει στον μεταγλωττιστή να "
"βελτιστοποιήσει τη διάταξη της μνήμης:"
#: src/std/box-niche.md:19
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"-.\n"
": : : :\n"
": "
"list : : :\n"
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------"
"+ :\n"
": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null "
"| :\n"
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------"
"+ :\n"
": : : :\n"
": : : :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"-'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/rc.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Rc`"
msgstr "«Rc»."
#: src/std/rc.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) is a reference-"
"counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer to the same data "
"from multiple places:"
msgstr ""
"Το [`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) είναι ένας "
"κοινόχρηστος δείκτης με μέτρηση αναφοράς. Χρησιμοποιήστε το όταν πρέπει να "
"ανατρέξετε στα ίδια δεδομένα από πολλά μέρη:"
#: src/std/rc.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::rc::Rc;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n"
" let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/rc.md:18
msgid ""
"See [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) and [`Mutex`](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) if you are in a multi-threaded "
"context."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/rc.md:19
msgid ""
"You can _downgrade_ a shared pointer into a [`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang."
"org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) pointer to create cycles that will get dropped."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/rc.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there "
"are references."
msgstr "Όπως το `std::shared_ptr` της C++."
#: src/std/rc.md:30
msgid "`Rc` in Rust is like `std::shared_ptr` in C++."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/rc.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and "
"increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally "
"be ignored when looking for performance issues in code."
msgstr ""
"Το `make_mut` στην πραγματικότητα κλωνοποιεί την εσωτερική τιμή εάν είναι "
"απαραίτητο (\"clone-on-write\") και επιστρέφει μια μεταβλητή αναφορά."
#: src/std/rc.md:32
msgid ""
"`make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") "
"and returns a mutable reference."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/rc.md:33
msgid "Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/rc.md:34
msgid ""
"`Rc::downgrade` gives you a _weakly reference-counted_ object to create "
"cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with `RefCell`, "
"on the next slide)."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/cell.md:1
msgid "`Cell` and `RefCell`"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/cell.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) and [`RefCell`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) implement what Rust "
"calls _interior mutability:_ mutation of values in an immutable context."
msgstr ""
"Χρησιμοποιώντας το \"Read\" και το \"BufRead\", μπορείτε να αφαιρέσετε τις "
"πηγές \"u8\":"
#: src/std/cell.md:8
msgid ""
"`Cell` is typically used for simple types, as it requires copying or moving "
"values. More complex interior types typically use `RefCell`, which tracks "
"shared and exclusive references at runtime and panics if they are misused."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/cell.md:12
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::cell::RefCell;\n"
"use std::rc::Rc;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
"struct Node {\n"
" value: i64,\n"
" children: Vec<Rc<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Node {\n"
" fn new(value: i64) -> Rc<RefCell<Node>> {\n"
" Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node { value, ..Node::default() }))\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn sum(&self) -> i64 {\n"
" self.value + self.children.iter().map(|c| c.borrow().sum()).sum::"
"<i64>()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let root = Node::new(1);\n"
" root.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(5));\n"
" let subtree = Node::new(10);\n"
" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(11));\n"
" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(12));\n"
" root.borrow_mut().children.push(subtree);\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n"
" println!(\"graph sum: {}\", root.borrow().sum());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/cell.md:47
msgid ""
"If we were using `Cell` instead of `RefCell` in this example, we would have "
"to move the `Node` out of the `Rc` to push children, then move it back in. "
"This is safe because there's always one, un-referenced value in the cell, "
"but it's not ergonomic."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/cell.md:48
msgid ""
"To do anything with a Node, you must call a `RefCell` method, usually "
"`borrow` or `borrow_mut`."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/cell.md:49
msgid ""
"Demonstrate that reference loops can be created by adding `root` to `subtree."
"children` (don't try to print it!)."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/cell.md:50
msgid ""
"To demonstrate a runtime panic, add a `fn inc(&mut self)` that increments "
"`self.value` and calls the same method on its children. This will panic in "
"the presence of the reference loop, with `thread 'main' panicked at 'already "
"borrowed: BorrowMutError'`."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type."
msgstr ""
"Είδαμε πώς τα μπλοκ «impl» μας επιτρέπουν να λειτουργεί ο χώρος ονομάτων σε "
"έναν τύπο."
#: src/modules.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:"
msgstr "Ομοίως, το «mod» μας επιτρέπει τύπους και συναρτήσεις ονομάτων:"
#: src/modules.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"mod foo {\n"
" pub fn do_something() {\n"
" println!(\"In the foo module\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"mod bar {\n"
" pub fn do_something() {\n"
" println!(\"In the bar module\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" foo::do_something();\n"
" bar::do_something();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules.md:28
msgid ""
"Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that "
"describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules.md:29
msgid ""
"Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and "
"a library crate compiles to a library."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules.md:30
msgid "Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:"
msgstr "Οι ενότητες αποτελούν όριο απορρήτου:"
#: src/modules/visibility.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Module items are private by default (hides implementation details)."
msgstr ""
"Τα στοιχεία της μονάδας είναι ιδιωτικά από προεπιλογή (αποκρύπτει τις "
"λεπτομέρειες υλοποίησης)."
#: src/modules/visibility.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Parent and sibling items are always visible."
msgstr "Τα στοιχεία γονέα και αδελφών είναι πάντα ορατά."
#: src/modules/visibility.md:7
msgid ""
"In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all "
"the descendants of `foo`."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:10
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"mod outer {\n"
" fn private() {\n"
" println!(\"outer::private\");\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn public() {\n"
" println!(\"outer::public\");\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" mod inner {\n"
" fn private() {\n"
" println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn public() {\n"
" println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n"
" super::private();\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" outer::public();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:39
msgid "Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:41
msgid ""
"Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope "
"of public visibility."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:43
msgid ""
"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-"
"privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:44
msgid "Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:45
msgid "Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:46
msgid ""
"In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of "
"its descendants)."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/paths.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:"
msgstr "Οι διαδρομές επιλύονται ως εξής:"
#: src/modules/paths.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "As a relative path:"
msgstr "Ως απόλυτη διαδρομή:"
#: src/modules/paths.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "`foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,"
msgstr ""
"Το \"crate::foo\" αναφέρεται στο \"foo\" στη ρίζα του τρέχοντος κιβωτίου,"
#: src/modules/paths.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "`super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module."
msgstr "Το «bar::foo» αναφέρεται στο «foo» στο κιβώτιο «bar»."
#: src/modules/paths.md:9
msgid "As an absolute path:"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/paths.md:10
msgid "`crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate,"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/paths.md:11
msgid "`bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/paths.md:13
msgid ""
"A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`. You "
"will typically see something like this at the top of each module:"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/paths.md:16
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::collections::HashSet;\n"
"use std::mem::transmute;\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:3
msgid ""
"Omitting the module content will tell Rust to look for it in another file:"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"mod garden;\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:9
msgid ""
"This tells rust that the `garden` module content is found at `src/garden."
"rs`. Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at `src/garden/"
"vegetables.rs`."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `crate` root is in:"
msgstr "Η ρίζα «κλουβί» βρίσκεται σε:"
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "`src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)"
msgstr "`src/lib.rs` (για κλουβί βιβλιοθήκης)"
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "`src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)"
msgstr "`src/main.rs` (για δυαδικό κιβώτιο)"
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:17
msgid ""
"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc "
"comments\". These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a "
"module."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:20
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant "
"germination\n"
"//! implementation.\n"
"\n"
"// Re-export types from this module.\n"
"pub use seeds::SeedPacket;\n"
"pub use garden::Garden;\n"
"\n"
"/// Sow the given seed packets.\n"
"pub fn sow(seeds: Vec<SeedPacket>) { todo!() }\n"
"\n"
"/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n"
"pub fn harvest(garden: &mut Garden) { todo!() }\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:37
msgid ""
"Before Rust 2018, modules needed to be located at `module/mod.rs` instead of "
"`module.rs`, and this is still a working alternative for editions after 2018."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:39
msgid ""
"The main reason to introduce `filename.rs` as alternative to `filename/mod."
"rs` was because many files named `mod.rs` can be hard to distinguish in IDEs."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:42
msgid "Deeper nesting can use folders, even if the main module is a file:"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:44
msgid ""
"```ignore\n"
"src/\n"
"├── main.rs\n"
"├── top_module.rs\n"
"└── top_module/\n"
" └── sub_module.rs\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:52
msgid ""
"The place rust will look for modules can be changed with a compiler "
"directive:"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:54
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"#[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n"
"mod some_module;\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:59
msgid ""
"This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module "
"in a file named `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web server. "
"The server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which are matched "
"against _request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a wildcard character "
"which matches a full segment. See the unit tests below."
msgstr ""
"Σε αυτήν την άσκηση, υλοποιείτε ένα στοιχείο δρομολόγησης ενός διακομιστή "
"web. ο Ο διακομιστής έχει ρυθμιστεί με έναν αριθμό προθεμάτων _διαδρομών_ με "
"τα οποία αντιστοιχίζονται _αίτημα μονοπατιών_. Τα προθέματα διαδρομής "
"μπορούν να περιέχουν έναν χαρακτήρα μπαλαντέρ που αντιστοιχεί σε ένα πλήρες "
"τμήμα. Δείτε τις δοκιμές μονάδας παρακάτω."
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and make the tests "
"pass. Try avoiding allocating a `Vec` for your intermediate results:"
msgstr ""
"Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/> και κάντε "
"τις δοκιμές πέρασμα. Προσπαθήστε να αποφύγετε να εκχωρήσετε ένα «Vec» για τα "
"ενδιάμεσα αποτελέσματά σας:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:12
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/"
"abc-123\"));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/"
"books\"));\n"
"\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/"
"publishers\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
" ));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
" ));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
" ));\n"
"\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/"
"publishers\"));\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
" ));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Welcome to Day 3"
msgstr "Καλώς ήρθατε στην Ημέρα 3"
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Today, we will cover some more advanced topics of Rust:"
msgstr "Σήμερα, θα καλύψουμε μερικά πιο προχωρημένα θέματα του Rust:"
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:5
msgid ""
"Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library "
"traits."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:8
msgid ""
"Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and trait "
"objects."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:11
msgid "Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:13
msgid "Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:15
msgid ""
"Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern "
"functions."
msgstr ""
#: src/generics.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust support generics, which lets you abstract algorithms or data structures "
"(such as sorting or a binary tree) over the types used or stored."
msgstr ""
"Γενικά υποστήριξη σκουριάς, που σας επιτρέπει να αφαιρέσετε έναν αλγόριθμο "
"(όπως ταξινόμηση) πάνω από τους τύπους που χρησιμοποιούνται στον αλγόριθμο."
#: src/generics/data-types.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:"
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε γενικά για να αφαιρέσετε τον συγκεκριμένο τύπο "
"πεδίου:"
#: src/generics/data-types.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Point<T> {\n"
" x: T,\n"
" y: T,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n"
" let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n"
" println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/data-types.md:21
msgid "Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`."
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/data-types.md:23
msgid "Fix the code to allow points that have elements of different types."
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/methods.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:"
msgstr "Μπορείτε να δηλώσετε έναν γενικό τύπο στο μπλοκ `impl`:"
#: src/generics/methods.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Point<T>(T, T);\n"
"\n"
"impl<T> Point<T> {\n"
" fn x(&self) -> &T {\n"
" &self.0 // + 10\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p = Point(5, 10);\n"
" println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/methods.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"_Q:_ Why `T` is specified twice in `impl<T> Point<T> {}`? Isn't that "
"redundant?"
msgstr ""
"_Ε:_ Γιατί το `T` καθορίζεται δύο φορές στο `impl<T> Point<T> {}`; Δεν είναι "
"περιττό;"
#: src/generics/methods.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. "
"They are independently generic."
msgstr ""
"Αυτό συμβαίνει επειδή είναι μια γενική ενότητα υλοποίησης για γενικό τύπο. "
"Είναι ανεξάρτητα γενικά."
#: src/generics/methods.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "It means these methods are defined for any `T`."
msgstr "Σημαίνει ότι αυτές οι μέθοδοι ορίζονται για οποιοδήποτε «T»."
#: src/generics/methods.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid "It is possible to write `impl Point<u32> { .. }`. "
msgstr "Είναι δυνατό να γράψετε `impl Point<u32> { .. }`."
#: src/generics/methods.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Point` is still generic and you can use `Point<f64>`, but methods in this "
"block will only be available for `Point<u32>`."
msgstr ""
"Το \"Point\" εξακολουθεί να είναι γενικό και μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε το "
"\"Point\n"
"\n"
"\", αλλά οι μέθοδοι σε αυτό το μπλοκ θα είναι διαθέσιμες μόνο για το "
"\"Point\n"
"\n"
"\"."
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:"
msgstr ""
"Ο γενικός κώδικας μετατρέπεται σε μη γενικό κώδικα βάσει των τοποθεσιών "
"κλήσεων:"
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let integer = Some(5);\n"
" let float = Some(5.0);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "behaves as if you wrote"
msgstr "συμπεριφέρεται σαν να έγραψες"
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:14
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"enum Option_i32 {\n"
" Some(i32),\n"
" None,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"enum Option_f64 {\n"
" Some(f64),\n"
" None,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let integer = Option_i32::Some(5);\n"
" let float = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you "
"had hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction."
msgstr ""
"Αυτή είναι μια αφαίρεση μηδενικού κόστους: παίρνετε ακριβώς το ίδιο "
"αποτέλεσμα όπως αν είχατε κωδικοποίησαν τις δομές δεδομένων χωρίς την "
"αφαίρεση."
#: src/traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:"
msgstr ""
"Το Rust σάς επιτρέπει να αφηρείτε τους τύπους με χαρακτηριστικά. Είναι "
"παρόμοια με τις διεπαφές:"
#: src/traits.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"trait Pet {\n"
" fn name(&self) -> String;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Dog {\n"
" name: String,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Cat;\n"
"\n"
"impl Pet for Dog {\n"
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
" self.name.clone()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Pet for Cat {\n"
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it "
"anyway.\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn greet<P: Pet>(pet: &P) {\n"
" println!(\"Who's a cutie? {} is!\", pet.name());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let fido = Dog { name: \"Fido\".into() };\n"
" greet(&fido);\n"
"\n"
" let captain_floof = Cat;\n"
" greet(&captain_floof);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a "
"collection:"
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να το σκεφτείτε ως «κενό» που μπορεί να σας είναι οικείο από άλλους "
"γλώσσες προγραμματισμού."
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"trait Pet {\n"
" fn name(&self) -> String;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Dog {\n"
" name: String,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Cat;\n"
"\n"
"impl Pet for Dog {\n"
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
" self.name.clone()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Pet for Cat {\n"
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it "
"anyway.\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let pets: Vec<Box<dyn Pet>> = vec![\n"
" Box::new(Cat),\n"
" Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n"
" ];\n"
" for pet in pets {\n"
" println!(\"Hello {}!\", pet.name());\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:"
msgstr "Διάταξη μνήμης μετά την εκχώρηση «xs»:"
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:42
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"- -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": "
"pets : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----"
"+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o "
"| :\n"
": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-"
"+ :\n"
": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | +---------------"
"+ :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| name: \"Fido\" "
"| :\n"
": : : | | | +---------------"
"+ :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | "
"| :\n"
" : | | | +----------------------"
"+ : \n"
" : | | '---->| \"<Dog as Pet>::name\" "
"| :\n"
" : | | +----------------------"
"+ : \n"
" : | "
"| : \n"
" : | | +-"
"+ : \n"
" : | '-->|"
"\\| : \n"
" : | +-"
"+ : \n"
" : "
"| : \n"
" : | +----------------------"
"+ : \n"
" : '---->| \"<Cat as Pet>::name\" "
"| : \n"
" : +----------------------"
"+ :\n"
" : :\n"
" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"- -'\n"
"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:72
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it "
"impossible to have things like `Vec<Pet>` in the example above."
msgstr ""
"Τα χαρακτηριστικά μπορεί να προσδιορίζουν προ-εφαρμοσμένες (προεπιλεγμένες) "
"μεθόδους και μεθόδους που απαιτείται από τους χρήστες να εφαρμόσουν οι "
"ίδιοι. Οι μέθοδοι με προεπιλεγμένες υλοποιήσεις μπορούν να βασίζονται στις "
"απαιτούμενες μεθόδους."
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:73
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that "
"implements `Pet`."
msgstr ""
"Οι τύποι που εφαρμόζουν ένα δεδομένο χαρακτηριστικό μπορεί να είναι "
"διαφορετικών μεγεθών. Αυτό καθιστά αδύνατο να υπάρχουν πράγματα όπως το \"Vec"
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:74
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the example, `pets` holds _fat pointers_ to objects that implement `Pet`. "
"The fat pointer consists of two components, a pointer to the actual object "
"and a pointer to the virtual method table for the `Pet` implementation of "
"that particular object."
msgstr "\" στο παραπάνω παράδειγμα."
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:75
#, fuzzy
msgid "Compare these outputs in the above example:"
msgstr ""
"Το \"dyn Greet\" είναι ένας τρόπος να πείτε στον μεταγλωττιστή έναν τύπο "
"δυναμικού μεγέθους που υλοποιεί το \"Greet\"."
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:76
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::"
"<Cat>());\n"
" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::"
"<&Cat>());\n"
" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n"
" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Pet>>());\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
"Στο παράδειγμα, τα «κατοικίδια» κρατούν δείκτες λίπους σε αντικείμενα που "
"υλοποιούν το «Χαιρετισμός». Ο δείκτης λίπους αποτελείται από δύο στοιχεία, "
"έναν δείκτη προς το πραγματικό αντικείμενο και έναν δείκτη στον πίνακα "
"εικονικής μεθόδου για την υλοποίηση «Greet» του συγκεκριμένου αντικειμένου."
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:3
msgid ""
"Rust derive macros work by automatically generating code that implements the "
"specified traits for a data structure."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits as follows:"
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να αφήσετε τον μεταγλωττιστή να αντλήσει έναν αριθμό "
"χαρακτηριστικών:"
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n"
"struct Player {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" strength: u8,\n"
" hit_points: u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p1 = Player::default();\n"
" let p2 = p1.clone();\n"
" println!(\"Is {:?}\\nequal to {:?}?\\nThe answer is {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n"
" if p1 == p2 { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" });\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:"
msgstr ""
"Τα χαρακτηριστικά μπορούν να εφαρμόσουν τη συμπεριφορά σε σχέση με άλλες "
"μεθόδους χαρακτηριστικών:"
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"trait Equals {\n"
" fn equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
" !self.equals(other)\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Centimeter(i16);\n"
"\n"
"impl Equals for Centimeter {\n"
" fn equals(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n"
" self.0 == other.0\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let a = Centimeter(10);\n"
" let b = Centimeter(20);\n"
" println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equals(&b));\n"
" println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equals(&b));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:32
msgid ""
"Traits may specify pre-implemented (default) methods and methods that users "
"are required to implement themselves. Methods with default implementations "
"can rely on required methods."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:35
msgid "Move method `not_equals` to a new trait `NotEquals`."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:37
msgid "Make `Equals` a super trait for `NotEquals`."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:38
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"trait NotEquals: Equals {\n"
" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
" !self.equals(other)\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:46
msgid "Provide a blanket implementation of `NotEquals` for `Equals`."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:47
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"trait NotEquals {\n"
" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl<T> NotEquals for T where T: Equals {\n"
" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
" !self.equals(other)\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:58
msgid ""
"With the blanket implementation, you no longer need `Equals` as a super "
"trait for `NotEqual`."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement "
"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods."
msgstr ""
"Όταν εργάζεστε με γενόσημα, συχνά θέλετε να περιορίσετε τους τύπους. "
"Μπορείτε να το κάνετε αυτό με \"T: Trait\" ή \"immpl Trait\":"
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:6
msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn duplicate<T: Clone>(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n"
" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Syntactic sugar for:\n"
"// fn add_42_millions<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
"fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into<i32>) -> i32 {\n"
" x.into() + 42_000_000\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// struct NotClonable;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n"
" let pair = duplicate(foo);\n"
" println!(\"{pair:?}\");\n"
"\n"
" let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n"
" println!(\"{many}\");\n"
" let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n"
" println!(\"{many_more}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:35
msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:37
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"fn duplicate<T>(a: T) -> (T, T)\n"
"where\n"
" T: Clone,\n"
"{\n"
" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters."
msgstr "Καταργεί την υπογραφή της συνάρτησης εάν έχετε πολλές παραμέτρους."
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid "It has additional features making it more powerful."
msgstr "Διαθέτει πρόσθετα χαρακτηριστικά που το κάνουν πιο ισχυρό."
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can "
"be arbitrary, like `Option<T>`."
msgstr ""
"Εάν κάποιος ρωτήσει, το επιπλέον χαρακτηριστικό είναι ότι ο τύπος στα "
"αριστερά του \":\" μπορεί να είναι αυθαίρετος, όπως \"Επιλογή\n"
"\n"
"\"."
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`impl Trait`"
msgstr "`impl Trait`"
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function "
"arguments and return values:"
msgstr ""
"Παρόμοια με τα όρια χαρακτηριστικών, μια σύνταξη «impl Trait» μπορεί να "
"χρησιμοποιηθεί στη συνάρτηση ορίσματα και τιμές επιστροφής:"
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::fmt::Display;\n"
"\n"
"fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
" format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n"
" println!(\"{x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name."
msgstr ""
"Το \"impl Trait\" δεν μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί με τη σύνταξη \"::\\<\\>\" "
"turbo fish.\n"
"\n"
"Το \"impl Trait\" σάς επιτρέπει να εργάζεστε με τύπους που δεν μπορείτε να "
"ονομάσετε."
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions."
msgstr ""
"Η έννοια του «impl Trait» είναι λίγο διαφορετική στις διαφορετικές θέσεις."
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a "
"trait bound."
msgstr ""
"Για μια παράμετρο, το \"impl Trait\" είναι σαν μια ανώνυμη γενική παράμετρος "
"με δεσμευμένο χαρακτηριστικό."
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that "
"implements the trait, without naming the type. This can be useful when you "
"don't want to expose the concrete type in a public API."
msgstr ""
"Για έναν τύπο επιστροφής, σημαίνει ότι ο τύπος επιστροφής είναι κάποιος "
"συγκεκριμένος τύπος που υλοποιεί το χαρακτηριστικό, χωρίς να ονομάσουμε τον "
"τύπο. Αυτό μπορεί να είναι χρήσιμο όταν δεν θέλετε να εκθέσετε τον τύπο "
"σκυροδέματος στο α δημόσιο API."
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:31
msgid ""
"Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` picks "
"the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A "
"function returning a generic type like `collect<B>() -> B` can return any "
"type satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with "
"`let x: Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::"
"<Vec<_>>()`."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to "
"explain that nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` "
"type. If we used a single `T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint "
"that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type. It would not work for "
"this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely not what "
"`format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` syntax, we'd "
"need two independent generic parameters."
msgstr ""
"Αυτό το παράδειγμα είναι υπέροχο, επειδή χρησιμοποιεί το \"immpl Display\" "
"δύο φορές. Βοηθά να το εξηγήσω τίποτα εδώ δεν επιβάλλει ότι είναι _ο ίδιος_ "
"τύπος \"impl Display\". Αν χρησιμοποιούσαμε ένα μονό «T: Εμφάνιση», θα "
"επιβάλει τον περιορισμό ότι η είσοδος «T» και η επιστροφή του τύπου «T» "
"είναι του ίδιου τύπου. Δεν θα λειτουργούσε για τη συγκεκριμένη λειτουργία, "
"καθώς ο τύπος που περιμένουμε ως είσοδο είναι πιθανό να μην είναι τι "
"«μορφή!» επιστρέφει. Αν θέλαμε να κάνουμε το ίδιο μέσω της σύνταξης `: "
"Display`, θα χρειαζόμασταν δύο ανεξάρτητες γενικές παραμέτρους."
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard "
"library:"
msgstr ""
"Θα δούμε τώρα μερικά από τα πιο κοινά χαρακτηριστικά της βασικής βιβλιοθήκης "
"Rust:"
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and "
"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) "
"used in `for` loops,"
msgstr "«Iterator» και «IntoIterator» που χρησιμοποιούνται σε βρόχους «for»,"
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) used to convert "
"values,"
msgstr "Τα \"From\" και \"Into\" χρησιμοποιούνται για τη μετατροπή τιμών,"
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and [`Write`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) used for IO,"
msgstr "«Read» και «Write» που χρησιμοποιούνται για IO,"
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... used for operator "
"overloading, and"
msgstr "«Προσθήκη», «Mul», ... χρησιμοποιείται για υπερφόρτωση χειριστή και"
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) used for "
"defining destructors."
msgstr "«Drop» που χρησιμοποιείται για τον ορισμό των καταστροφέων."
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:10
msgid ""
"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) used "
"to construct a default instance of a type."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/iterator.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Iterators"
msgstr "Επαναληπτικοί"
#: src/traits/iterator.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can implement the [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait."
"Iterator.html) trait on your own types:"
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να εφαρμόσετε το χαρακτηριστικό «Iterator» στους δικούς σας τύπους:"
#: src/traits/iterator.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Fibonacci {\n"
" curr: u32,\n"
" next: u32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Iterator for Fibonacci {\n"
" type Item = u32;\n"
"\n"
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {\n"
" let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n"
" self.curr = self.next;\n"
" self.next = new_next;\n"
" Some(self.curr)\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n"
" for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n"
" println!(\"fib({i}): {n}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/iterator.md:32
msgid ""
"The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming "
"operations over collections (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is "
"the trait where you can find all the documentation about them. In Rust these "
"functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative "
"implementations."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/iterator.md:37
msgid ""
"`IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by "
"collection types such as `Vec<T>` and references to them such as `&Vec<T>` "
"and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it. This is why you can iterate over a "
"vector with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) "
"lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)."
msgstr ""
"Το \"FromIterator\" σάς επιτρέπει να δημιουργήσετε μια συλλογή από ένα "
"\"Iterator\"."
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let primes = vec![2, 3, 5, 7];\n"
" let prime_squares = primes\n"
" .into_iter()\n"
" .map(|prime| prime * prime)\n"
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Iterator` implements `fn collect<B>(self) -> B where B: FromIterator<Self::"
"Item>, Self: Sized`"
msgstr ""
"Το «Iterator» υλοποιεί `fn collect<B>(self) -> B που Β: FromIterator<Self::"
"Item>, Self: Μέγεθος`"
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are also implementations which let you do cool things like convert an "
"`Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` into a `Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
msgstr ""
"Υπάρχουν επίσης υλοποιήσεις που σας επιτρέπουν να κάνετε καταπληκτικά "
"πράγματα όπως η μετατροπή ενός \"Iterator\\<Item = Αποτέλεσμα\\<V, E>>\" σε "
"ένα \"Result\\<Vec\n"
"\n"
", E>\"."
#: src/traits/from-into.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`From` and `Into`"
msgstr "«Από» και «Μέσα»."
#: src/traits/from-into.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Types implement [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From."
"html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) to "
"facilitate type conversions:"
msgstr ""
"Οι τύποι εφαρμόζουν τα «Από» και «Μέσα» για να διευκολύνουν τις μετατροπές "
"τύπων:"
#: src/traits/from-into.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s = String::from(\"hello\");\n"
" let addr = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n"
" let one = i16::from(true);\n"
" let bigger = i32::from(123i16);\n"
" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/from-into.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) is "
"automatically implemented when [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"convert/trait.From.html) is implemented:"
msgstr "Το \"Into\" υλοποιείται αυτόματα όταν υλοποιείται το \"From\":"
#: src/traits/from-into.md:17
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s: String = \"hello\".into();\n"
" let addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n"
" let one: i16 = true.into();\n"
" let bigger: i32 = 123i16.into();\n"
" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/from-into.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get "
"`Into` implementation too."
msgstr "\\<λεπτομέρειες>"
#: src/traits/from-into.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be "
"converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`. "
"Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ "
"implement `Into`."
msgstr ""
"Αυτός είναι ο λόγος για τον οποίο είναι σύνηθες να εφαρμόζετε μόνο το "
"\"From\", καθώς ο τύπος σας θα λάβει επίσης την εφαρμογή \"Into\".\n"
"\n"
"Όταν δηλώνετε έναν τύπο εισόδου ορίσματος συνάρτησης όπως \"οτιδήποτε μπορεί "
"να μετατραπεί σε \"Συμβολοσειρά\", ο κανόνας είναι αντίθετος, θα πρέπει να "
"χρησιμοποιήσετε το \"Into\". Η συνάρτησή σας θα δέχεται τύπους που υλοποιούν "
"το \"From\" και εκείνους που _only_ υλοποιούν το \"Into\"."
#: src/traits/read-write.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Read` and `Write`"
msgstr "«Διαβάστε» και «Γράψτε»."
#: src/traits/read-write.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Using [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and "
"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), you can "
"abstract over `u8` sources:"
msgstr ""
"Χρησιμοποιώντας το \"Read\" και το \"BufRead\", μπορείτε να αφαιρέσετε τις "
"πηγές \"u8\":"
#: src/traits/read-write.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};\n"
"\n"
"fn count_lines<R: Read>(reader: R) -> usize {\n"
" let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n"
" buf_reader.lines().count()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
" let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n"
" println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));\n"
"\n"
" let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n"
" println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/read-write.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Similarly, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) lets "
"you abstract over `u8` sinks:"
msgstr ""
"Παρομοίως, το «Write» σάς επιτρέπει να κάνετε αφηρήσεις πάνω από τα νεροχύτα "
"«u8»:"
#: src/traits/read-write.md:25
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::io::{Result, Write};\n"
"\n"
"fn log<W: Write>(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n"
" writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n"
" writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
" let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n"
" log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n"
" log(&mut buffer, \"World\")?;\n"
" println!(\"Logged: {:?}\", buffer);\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/drop.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `Drop` Trait"
msgstr "Το χαρακτηριστικό «Drop»."
#: src/traits/drop.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Values which implement [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop."
"html) can specify code to run when they go out of scope:"
msgstr ""
"Οι τιμές που εφαρμόζουν το \"Drop\" μπορούν να καθορίσουν τον κώδικα που θα "
"εκτελείται όταν εξέρχονται από το πεδίο εφαρμογής:"
#: src/traits/drop.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Droppable {\n"
" name: &'static str,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Drop for Droppable {\n"
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
" println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n"
" {\n"
" let b = Droppable { name: \"b\" };\n"
" {\n"
" let c = Droppable { name: \"c\" };\n"
" let d = Droppable { name: \"d\" };\n"
" println!(\"Exiting block B\");\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"Exiting block A\");\n"
" }\n"
" drop(a);\n"
" println!(\"Exiting main\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/drop.md:34 src/traits/operators.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "Discussion points:"
msgstr "Σημεία συζήτησης:"
#: src/traits/drop.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?"
msgstr "Γιατί το «Drop::drop» δεν σημαίνει «self»;"
#: src/traits/drop.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of the "
"block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack overflow!"
msgstr ""
"Σύντομη απάντηση: Εάν συνέβαινε, το `std::mem::drop` θα καλούνταν στο τέλος "
"του το μπλοκ, με αποτέλεσμα μια άλλη κλήση στο «Drop::drop» και μια στοίβα "
"ξεχείλισμα!"
#: src/traits/drop.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid "Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`."
msgstr "Δοκιμάστε να αντικαταστήσετε το «drop(a)» με το «a.drop()»."
#: src/traits/default.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `Default` Trait"
msgstr "Το χαρακτηριστικό «Drop»."
#: src/traits/default.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) trait "
"produces a default value for a type."
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να εφαρμόσετε το χαρακτηριστικό «Iterator» στους δικούς σας τύπους:"
#: src/traits/default.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
"struct Derived {\n"
" x: u32,\n"
" y: String,\n"
" z: Implemented,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Implemented(String);\n"
"\n"
"impl Default for Implemented {\n"
" fn default() -> Self {\n"
" Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let default_struct = Derived::default();\n"
" println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");\n"
"\n"
" let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n"
" y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n"
" ..Derived::default()\n"
" };\n"
" println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");\n"
"\n"
" let nothing: Option<Derived> = None;\n"
" println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default.md:40
msgid ""
"It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default.md:41
msgid ""
"A derived implementation will produce a value where all fields are set to "
"their default values."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default.md:42
msgid "This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default.md:43
msgid ""
"Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. "
"`0`, `\"\"`, etc)."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default.md:44
msgid "The partial struct copy works nicely with default."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default.md:45
msgid ""
"Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and "
"provides convenience methods that use it."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default.md:46
msgid ""
"the `..` syntax is called [struct update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-instances-from-other-instances-"
"with-struct-update-syntax)"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/operators.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Add`, `Mul`, ..."
msgstr "\"Προσθήκη\", \"Mul\", ..."
#: src/traits/operators.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):"
msgstr ""
"Η υπερφόρτωση χειριστή υλοποιείται μέσω χαρακτηριστικών στο `std::ops`:"
#: src/traits/operators.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n"
"struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }\n"
"\n"
"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
" type Output = Self;\n"
"\n"
" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
" Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n"
" let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n"
" println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/operators.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful? "
msgstr ""
"Θα μπορούσατε να εφαρμόσετε το \"Add\" για το \"&Point\". Σε ποιες "
"περιπτώσεις είναι χρήσιμο;"
#: src/traits/operators.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are overloading "
"the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading the operator for "
"`&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the call site."
msgstr ""
"Απάντηση: Το «Προσθήκη: Προσθήκη» καταναλώνει τον «εαυτό». Αν πληκτρολογήστε "
"`T` για το οποίο είστε Η υπερφόρτωση του χειριστή δεν είναι «Αντιγραφή», θα "
"πρέπει να εξετάσετε την υπερφόρτωση ο χειριστής για το «&T» επίσης. Αυτό "
"αποφεύγει την περιττή κλωνοποίηση στο τοποθεσία κλήσης."
#: src/traits/operators.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter of the "
"method?"
msgstr ""
"Γιατί το \"Έξοδος\" είναι συσχετισμένος τύπος; Θα μπορούσε να γίνει "
"παράμετρος τύπου;"
#: src/traits/operators.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Short answer: Function type parameters are controlled by the caller, but "
"associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementor of a "
"trait."
msgstr ""
"Σύντομη απάντηση: Οι παράμετροι τύπου ελέγχονται από τον καλούντα, αλλά οι "
"συσχετισμένοι τύποι (όπως \"Έξοδος\") ελέγχονται από τον υλοποιητή του a "
"χαρακτηριστικό."
#: src/traits/operators.md:37
msgid ""
"You could implement `Add` for two different types, e.g. `impl Add<(i32, "
"i32)> for Point` would add a tuple to a `Point`."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/closures.md:1
msgid "Closures"
msgstr "Κλεισίματα"
#: src/traits/closures.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, "
"they implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn."
"html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and "
"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:"
msgstr ""
"Τα κλεισίματα ή οι εκφράσεις λάμδα έχουν τύπους που δεν μπορούν να "
"ονομαστούν. Ωστόσο, αυτοί εφαρμογή ειδικού [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"std/ops/trait.Fn.html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait."
"FnMut.html) και [`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce."
"html) χαρακτηριστικά:"
#: src/traits/closures.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 {\n"
" println!(\"Calling function on {input}\");\n"
" func(input)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n"
" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n"
" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 20));\n"
"\n"
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
" let mut accumulate = |x: i32| {\n"
" v.push(x);\n"
" v.iter().sum::<i32>()\n"
" };\n"
" println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 4));\n"
" println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 5));\n"
"\n"
" let multiply_sum = |x| x * v.into_iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
" println!(\"multiply_sum: {}\", apply_with_log(multiply_sum, 3));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/closures.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"An `Fn` (e.g. `add_3`) neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or "
"perhaps captures nothing at all. It can be called multiple times "
"concurrently."
msgstr ""
"Ένα \"Fn\" ούτε καταναλώνει ούτε μεταλλάσσει τις καταγεγραμμένες τιμές ή "
"ίσως δεν καταγράφει τίποτα απολύτως, επομένως μπορεί καλείται πολλές φορές "
"ταυτόχρονα."
#: src/traits/closures.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"An `FnMut` (e.g. `accumulate`) might mutate captured values. You can call it "
"multiple times, but not concurrently."
msgstr ""
"Ένα \"FnMut\" μπορεί να μεταλλάξει τις καταγεγραμμένες τιμές, ώστε να "
"μπορείτε να το καλέσετε πολλές φορές αλλά όχι ταυτόχρονα."
#: src/traits/closures.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you have an `FnOnce` (e.g. `multiply_sum`), you may only call it once. It "
"might consume captured values."
msgstr ""
"Εάν έχετε ένα \"FnOnce\", μπορείτε να το καλέσετε μόνο μία φορά. Μπορεί να "
"καταναλώσει καταγεγραμμένες τιμές."
#: src/traits/closures.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. "
"I.e. you can use an `FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can "
"use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce` is called for."
msgstr ""
"Το \"FnMut\" είναι ένας υποτύπος του \"FnOnce\". Το \"Fn\" είναι ένας "
"υποτύπος των \"FnMut\" και \"FnOnce\". Δηλ. μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε ένα "
"«FnMut» όπου ζητείται ένα «FnOnce» και μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε ένα «Fn» "
"όπου ένα «FnMut» ή «FnOnce» καλείται."
#: src/traits/closures.md:47
msgid ""
"The compiler also infers `Copy` (e.g. for `add_3`) and `Clone` (e.g. "
"`multiply_sum`), depending on what the closure captures."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/closures.md:50
msgid ""
"By default, closures will capture by reference if they can. The `move` "
"keyword makes them capture by value."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/closures.md:52
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn make_greeter(prefix: String) -> impl Fn(&str) {\n"
" return move |name| println!(\"{} {}\", prefix, name)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let hi = make_greeter(\"Hi\".to_string());\n"
" hi(\"there\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 3: Morning Exercises"
msgstr "Ημέρα 3: Πρωινές ασκήσεις"
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will design a classical GUI library using traits and trait objects."
msgstr ""
"Θα σχεδιάσουμε μια κλασική βιβλιοθήκη GUI χαρακτηριστικά και αντικείμενα "
"χαρακτηριστικών."
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:5
msgid ""
"We will also look at enum dispatch with an exercise involving points and "
"polygons."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits and "
"trait objects."
msgstr ""
"Ας σχεδιάσουμε μια κλασική βιβλιοθήκη GUI χρησιμοποιώντας τις νέες μας "
"γνώσεις για τα χαρακτηριστικά και γνωρίσματα αντικειμένων."
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:"
msgstr "Θα έχουμε έναν αριθμό γραφικών στοιχείων στη βιβλιοθήκη μας:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets."
msgstr "«Παράθυρο»: έχει «τίτλο» και περιέχει άλλα γραφικά στοιχεία."
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the "
"button is pressed."
msgstr ""
"«Κουμπί»: έχει μια «ετικέτα» και μια λειτουργία επανάκλησης που καλείται "
"όταν το πατιέται το κουμπί."
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Label`: has a `label`."
msgstr "\"Ετικέτα\": έχει \"ετικέτα\"."
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below."
msgstr ""
"Τα γραφικά στοιχεία θα εφαρμόσουν ένα χαρακτηριστικό «Γραφικό στοιχείο», "
"δείτε παρακάτω."
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, fill in the missing "
"`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:"
msgstr ""
"Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, "
"συμπληρώστε τον κωδικό που λείπει Μέθοδοι \"draw_into\", ώστε να εφαρμόσετε "
"το χαρακτηριστικό \"Widget\":"
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:18
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"pub trait Widget {\n"
" /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
"\n"
" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
"\n"
" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
" fn draw(&self) {\n"
" let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Label {\n"
" label: String,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Label {\n"
" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
" Label {\n"
" label: label.to_owned(),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Button {\n"
" label: Label,\n"
" callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Button {\n"
" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
" Button {\n"
" label: Label::new(label),\n"
" callback,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Window {\n"
" title: String,\n"
" widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Window {\n"
" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
" Window {\n"
" title: title.to_owned(),\n"
" widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
" self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" std::cmp::max(\n"
" self.title.chars().count(),\n"
" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
" )\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"impl Widget for Label {\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Widget for Button {\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Widget for Window {\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo."
"\")));\n"
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
" \"Click me!\",\n"
" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
" )));\n"
" window.draw();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:130
#, fuzzy
msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:"
msgstr ""
"Η έξοδος του παραπάνω προγράμματος μπορεί να είναι κάτι απλό όπως αυτό:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:132
msgid ""
"```text\n"
"========\n"
"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\n"
"========\n"
"\n"
"This is a small text GUI demo.\n"
"\n"
"| Click me! |\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:142
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the [fill/alignment](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment) formatting operators. In "
"particular, notice how you can pad with different characters (here a `'/'`) "
"and how you can control alignment:"
msgstr ""
"Εάν θέλετε να σχεδιάσετε στοιχισμένο κείμενο, μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε το "
"[fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment) "
"τελεστές μορφοποίησης. Ειδικότερα, παρατηρήστε πώς μπορείτε να γεμίσετε "
"διαφορετικά χαρακτήρες (εδώ ένα `'/'`) και πώς μπορείτε να ελέγξετε τη "
"στοίχιση:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:147
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let width = 10;\n"
" println!(\"left aligned: |{:/<width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
" println!(\"centered: |{:/^width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
" println!(\"right aligned: |{:/>width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:156
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:"
msgstr ""
"Χρησιμοποιώντας τέτοια κόλπα ευθυγράμμισης, μπορείτε για παράδειγμα να "
"παράγετε έξοδο όπως αυτό:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:158
msgid ""
"```text\n"
"+--------------------------------+\n"
"| Rust GUI Demo 1.23 |\n"
"+================================+\n"
"| This is a small text GUI demo. |\n"
"| +-----------+ |\n"
"| | Click me! | |\n"
"| +-----------+ |\n"
"+--------------------------------+\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/points-polygons.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Polygon Struct"
msgstr "Πολυγωνική κατασκευή"
#: src/exercises/day-3/points-polygons.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the code "
"below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing methods to "
"make the tests pass:"
msgstr ""
"Θα δημιουργήσουμε μια δομή «Πολύγωνο» που περιέχει μερικά σημεία. Αντιγράψτε "
"τον παρακάτω κωδικό στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/> και συμπληρώστε τις "
"μεθόδους που λείπουν για να το κάνετε οι δοκιμές περνούν:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/points-polygons.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Point {\n"
" // add fields\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Point {\n"
" // add methods\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Polygon {\n"
" // add fields\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Polygon {\n"
" // add methods\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Circle {\n"
" // add fields\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Circle {\n"
" // add methods\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub enum Shape {\n"
" Polygon(Polygon),\n"
" Circle(Circle),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
"mod tests {\n"
" use super::*;\n"
"\n"
" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_point_dist() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_point_add() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
"\n"
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
"\n"
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
"\n"
" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
" let shapes = vec![\n"
" Shape::from(poly),\n"
" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
" ];\n"
" let perimeters = shapes\n"
" .iter()\n"
" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
" .map(round_two_digits)\n"
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
"fn main() {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/points-polygons.md:117
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the key "
"part of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to modify "
"the tests."
msgstr ""
"Δεδομένου ότι οι υπογραφές της μεθόδου λείπουν από τις δηλώσεις προβλημάτων, "
"το βασικό μέρος της άσκησης είναι να τα προσδιορίσετε σωστά."
#: src/exercises/day-3/points-polygons.md:120
msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/points-polygons.md:122
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes "
"don't borrow their arguments."
msgstr "Άλλα ενδιαφέροντα μέρη της άσκησης:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/points-polygons.md:123
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be addable "
"via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3."
msgstr ""
"Εξάγετε ένα χαρακτηριστικό «Αντιγραφή» για ορισμένες δομές, καθώς στις "
"δοκιμές οι μέθοδοι μερικές φορές δεν δανείζονται τα επιχειρήματά τους.\n"
"\n"
"Ανακαλύψτε ότι το χαρακτηριστικό «Προσθήκη» πρέπει να εφαρμοστεί για δύο "
"αντικείμενα που μπορούν να προστεθούν μέσω του «+»."
#: src/error-handling.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:"
msgstr ""
"Ο χειρισμός σφαλμάτων στο Rust γίνεται χρησιμοποιώντας ρητή ροή ελέγχου:"
#: src/error-handling.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Functions that can have errors list this in their return type,"
msgstr ""
"Οι συναρτήσεις που μπορεί να έχουν σφάλματα το αναφέρουν στον τύπο "
"επιστροφής τους,"
#: src/error-handling.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "There are no exceptions."
msgstr "Δεν υπάρχουν εξαιρέσεις."
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:"
msgstr ""
"Το Rust θα προκαλέσει πανικό εάν συμβεί ένα μοιραίο σφάλμα κατά τη διάρκεια "
"της εκτέλεσης:"
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,should_panic\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
" println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors."
msgstr "Οι πανικοί αφορούν μη αναστρέψιμα και απροσδόκητα σφάλματα."
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program."
msgstr "Οι πανικοί είναι συμπτώματα σφαλμάτων στο πρόγραμμα."
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable."
msgstr ""
"Χρησιμοποιήστε API που δεν προκαλούν πανικό (όπως \"Vec::get\") εάν το "
"σφάλμα δεν είναι αποδεκτό."
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Catching the Stack Unwinding"
msgstr "Αλίευση της στοίβας Ξετύλιγμα"
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be "
"caught:"
msgstr ""
"Από προεπιλογή, ένας πανικός θα προκαλέσει το ξετύλιγμα της στοίβας. Το "
"ξετύλιγμα μπορεί να πιαστεί:"
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::panic;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
" println!(\"hello!\");\n"
" });\n"
" assert!(result.is_ok());\n"
" \n"
" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
" panic!(\"oh no!\");\n"
" });\n"
" assert!(result.is_err());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single "
"request crashes."
msgstr ""
"Αυτό μπορεί να είναι χρήσιμο σε διακομιστές που θα πρέπει να συνεχίσουν να "
"εκτελούνται ακόμα και αν είναι μόνοι κολλάει το αίτημα."
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`."
msgstr ""
"Αυτό δεν λειτουργεί εάν το \"panic = \"abort\" έχει οριστεί στο \"Cargo."
"toml\"."
#: src/error-handling/result.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Structured Error Handling with `Result`"
msgstr "Χειρισμός δομημένου σφάλματος με «Αποτέλεσμα»."
#: src/error-handling/result.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when errors "
"are expected as part of normal operation:"
msgstr ""
"Έχουμε ήδη δει τον αριθμό «Αποτέλεσμα». Αυτό χρησιμοποιείται ευρέως όταν "
"υπάρχουν σφάλματα αναμένεται ως μέρος της κανονικής λειτουργίας:"
#: src/error-handling/result.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::fs;\n"
"use std::io::Read;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let file = fs::File::open(\"diary.txt\");\n"
" match file {\n"
" Ok(mut file) => {\n"
" let mut contents = String::new();\n"
" file.read_to_string(&mut contents);\n"
" println!(\"Dear diary: {contents}\");\n"
" },\n"
" Err(err) => {\n"
" println!(\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\");\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/result.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the "
"developer to explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the "
"case where an error should never happen, `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be "
"called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too."
msgstr ""
"Όπως και με την \"Επιλογή\", η επιτυχημένη τιμή βρίσκεται μέσα στο "
"\"Αποτέλεσμα\", αναγκάζοντας τον προγραμματιστή να το κάνει το εξάγετε ρητά. "
"Αυτό ενθαρρύνει τον έλεγχο σφαλμάτων. Στην περίπτωση που δεν πρέπει να "
"συμβεί ποτέ λάθος, Το \"unwrap()\" ή το \"expect()\" μπορεί να κληθεί, και "
"αυτό είναι επίσης ένα σήμα της πρόθεσης του προγραμματιστή."
#: src/error-handling/result.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it "
"is worth mentioning. It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions "
"that help functional-style programming. "
msgstr ""
"Η τεκμηρίωση «Αποτελέσματος» συνιστάται για ανάγνωση. Όχι κατά τη διάρκεια "
"του μαθήματος, αλλά αξίζει να αναφερθεί. Περιέχει πολλές πρακτικές μεθόδους "
"και λειτουργίες που βοηθούν τον προγραμματισμό λειτουργικού στυλ."
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Propagating Errors with `?`"
msgstr "Σφάλματα διάδοσης με το \"?\"."
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you "
"turn the common"
msgstr ""
"Ο τελεστής δοκιμής `?` χρησιμοποιείται για την επιστροφή σφαλμάτων στον "
"καλούντα. Σας αφήνει να στρίψετε το κοινό"
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"match some_expression {\n"
" Ok(value) => value,\n"
" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "into the much simpler"
msgstr "στο πολύ πιο απλό"
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:15
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"some_expression?\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handling code:"
msgstr ""
"Μπορούμε να το χρησιμοποιήσουμε για να απλοποιήσουμε τον κωδικό παράδοσης "
"σφαλμάτων:"
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:21
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
"use std::io::Read;\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, io::Error> {\n"
" let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);\n"
" let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n"
" Ok(file) => file,\n"
" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
" };\n"
"\n"
" let mut username = String::new();\n"
" match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n"
" Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n"
" Err(err) => Err(err),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:50
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`."
msgstr ""
"Η μεταβλητή \"username\" μπορεί να είναι είτε \"Ok(string)\" είτε "
"\"Err(error)\"."
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:51
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty "
"file, file with username."
msgstr ""
"Χρησιμοποιήστε την κλήση `fs::write` για να δοκιμάσετε τα διαφορετικά "
"σενάρια: κανένα αρχείο, κενό αρχείο, αρχείο με όνομα χρήστη."
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:52
msgid ""
"The return type of the function has to be compatible with the nested "
"functions it calls. For instance, a function returning a `Result<T, Err>` "
"can only apply the `?` operator on a function returning a `Result<AnyT, "
"Err>`. It cannot apply the `?` operator on a function returning an "
"`Option<AnyT>` or `Result<T, OtherErr>` unless `OtherErr` implements "
"`From<Err>`. Reciprocally, a function returning an `Option<T>` can only "
"apply the `?` operator on a function returning an `Option<AnyT>`."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:57
msgid ""
"You can convert incompatible types into one another with the different "
"`Option` and `Result` methods such as `Option::ok_or`, `Result::ok`, "
"`Result::err`."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously "
"indicated:"
msgstr ""
"Η αποτελεσματική επέκταση του «?» είναι λίγο πιο περίπλοκη από ό,τι "
"αναφέρθηκε προηγουμένως:"
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"expression?\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "works the same as"
msgstr "λειτουργεί το ίδιο με"
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:11
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"match expression {\n"
" Ok(value) => value,\n"
" Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to the "
"type returned by the function:"
msgstr ""
"Η κλήση \"From::from\" εδώ σημαίνει ότι προσπαθούμε να μετατρέψουμε τον τύπο "
"σφάλματος στο τύπος που επιστρέφεται από τη συνάρτηση:"
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::error::Error;\n"
"use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n"
"use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
"use std::io::{self, Read};\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
" IoError(io::Error),\n"
" EmptyUsername(String),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}\n"
"\n"
"impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n"
" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n"
" match self {\n"
" Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {e}\"),\n"
" Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username "
"in {filename}\"),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl From<io::Error> for ReadUsernameError {\n"
" fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n"
" ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
" File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(username)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:55
msgid ""
"It is good practice for all error types that don't need to be `no_std` to "
"implement `std::error::Error`, which requires `Debug` and `Display`. The "
"`Error` crate for `core` is only available in [nightly](https://github.com/"
"rust-lang/rust/issues/103765), so not fully `no_std` compatible yet."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:57
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too where "
"possible, to make life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In "
"this case we can't easily do so, because `io::Error` doesn't implement them."
msgstr ""
"Είναι καλή πρακτική για όλους τους τύπους σφαλμάτων να εφαρμόζουν το \"std::"
"error::Error\", το οποίο απαιτεί \"Debug\" και 'Εμφάνιση'. Είναι γενικά "
"χρήσιμο γι 'αυτούς να εφαρμόσουν το \"Clone\" και το \"Eq\" όπου είναι "
"δυνατόν ευκολότερη ζωή για τα τεστ και τους καταναλωτές της βιβλιοθήκης σας. "
"Σε αυτή την περίπτωση δεν μπορούμε εύκολα να το κάνουμε, γιατί Το `io::"
"Error` δεν τα υλοποιεί."
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) crate is a popular way to create "
"an error enum like we did on the previous page:"
msgstr ""
"Το κιβώτιο [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) είναι ένας δημοφιλής "
"τρόπος δημιουργίας enum σφαλμάτων όπως κάναμε στην προηγούμενη σελίδα:"
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
"use std::io::Read;\n"
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n"
"enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
" #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n"
" IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n"
" #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
" EmptyUsername(String),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
" let mut username = String::new();\n"
" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(username)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, and "
"optionally `Display` (if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) and "
"`From` (if the `#[from]` attribute is added). It also works for structs."
msgstr ""
"Η μακροεντολή εξαγωγής \"thiserror\" εφαρμόζει αυτόματα το \"std::error::"
"Error\" και προαιρετικά το \"Display\" (εάν παρέχονται τα χαρακτηριστικά "
"\"#\\[σφάλμα(...)\\]\") και \"Από\" (αν προστεθεί το χαρακτηριστικό "
"\"#\\[από\\]\". Λειτουργεί επίσης για δομές."
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries."
msgstr ""
"Δεν επηρεάζει το δημόσιο API σας, κάτι που το κάνει καλό για βιβλιοθήκες."
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing "
"our own enum covering all the different possibilities. `std::error::Error` "
"makes this easy."
msgstr ""
"Μερικές φορές θέλουμε να επιτρέψουμε την επιστροφή οποιουδήποτε τύπου "
"σφάλματος χωρίς να γράψουμε το δικό μας κάλυμμα enum όλες τις διαφορετικές "
"δυνατότητες. Το `std::error::Error` το καθιστά εύκολο."
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::fs;\n"
"use std::io::Read;\n"
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
"use std::error::Error;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n"
"#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
"struct EmptyUsernameError(String);\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
" let mut username = String::new();\n"
" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
" return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(username)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle different "
"error cases differently in the program. As such it's generally not a good "
"idea to use `Box<dyn Error>` in the public API of a library, but it can be a "
"good option in a program where you just want to display the error message "
"somewhere."
msgstr ""
"Αυτό εξοικονομεί κώδικα, αλλά παραιτείται από τη δυνατότητα καθαρής "
"διαχείρισης διαφορετικών περιπτώσεων σφαλμάτων με διαφορετικό τρόπο το "
"πρόγραμμα. Ως εκ τούτου, γενικά δεν είναι καλή ιδέα να χρησιμοποιήσετε το "
"\"Box\n"
"\n"
"\" στο δημόσιο API ενός βιβλιοθήκη, αλλά μπορεί να είναι μια καλή επιλογή σε "
"ένα πρόγραμμα όπου θέλετε απλώς να εμφανίσετε το μήνυμα σφάλματος κάπου."
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add "
"contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer custom "
"error types:"
msgstr ""
"Το ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενο κιβώτιο [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) μπορεί "
"να σας βοηθήσει να προσθέσετε πληροφορίες για τα λάθη σας και σας επιτρέπει "
"να έχετε λιγότερα προσαρμοσμένοι τύποι σφαλμάτων:"
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
"use std::io::Read;\n"
"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String> {\n"
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
" fs::File::open(path)\n"
" .with_context(|| format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n"
" .read_to_string(&mut username)\n"
" .context(\"Failed to read\")?;\n"
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
" bail!(\"Found no username in {path}\");\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(username)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "`anyhow::Result<V>` is a type alias for `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`."
msgstr ""
"Το `ούτως ή άλλως::Αποτέλεσμα<V>` είναι ένα ψευδώνυμο τύπου για το "
"\"Αποτέλεσμα\\<V, ούτως ή άλλως::Σφάλμα>\"."
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box<dyn Error>`. As such "
"it's again generally not a good choice for the public API of a library, but "
"is widely used in applications."
msgstr ""
"Το \"anyhow::Error\" είναι ουσιαστικά ένα περιτύλιγμα γύρω από το \"Box"
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if necessary."
msgstr ""
"\". Ως τέτοιο και πάλι γενικά δεν είναι μια καλή επιλογή για το δημόσιο API "
"μιας βιβλιοθήκης, αλλά χρησιμοποιείται ευρέως σε εφαρμογές."
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result<T>` may be familiar to Go "
"developers, as it provides similar usage patterns and ergonomics to `(T, "
"error)` from Go."
msgstr ""
"Ο πραγματικός τύπος σφάλματος στο εσωτερικό του μπορεί να εξαχθεί για "
"εξέταση εάν είναι απαραίτητο.\n"
"\n"
"Η λειτουργικότητα που παρέχεται από το \"anyhow::Result\n"
"\n"
"\" μπορεί να είναι οικεία στους προγραμματιστές της Go, καθώς παρέχει "
"παρόμοια μοτίβα χρήσης και εργονομία με το «(T, error)» από το Go."
#: src/testing.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:"
msgstr "Το Rust and Cargo συνοδεύεται από ένα απλό πλαίσιο δοκιμής μονάδας:"
#: src/testing.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unit tests are supported throughout your code."
msgstr "Οι δοκιμές ενσωμάτωσης υποστηρίζονται μέσω του καταλόγου «tests/»."
#: src/testing.md:7
msgid "Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:"
msgstr "Επισημάνετε τις δοκιμές μονάδας με «#\\[test\\]»:"
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,ignore\n"
"fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n"
" match text.find(' ') {\n"
" Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n"
" None => &text,\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_empty() {\n"
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_single_word() {\n"
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_multiple_words() {\n"
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests."
msgstr ""
"Χρησιμοποιήστε τη «δοκιμή φορτίου» για να βρείτε και να εκτελέσετε τις "
"δοκιμές μονάδας."
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the [Playground]"
"(https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
msgstr ""
"Οι δοκιμές μονάδας τοποθετούνται συχνά σε μια ένθετη ενότητα (εκτελέστε "
"δοκιμές στο [Παιδική χαρά](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n"
" format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
"mod tests {\n"
" use super::*;\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_helper() {\n"
" assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "This lets you unit test private helpers."
msgstr "Αυτό σας επιτρέπει να δοκιμάσετε ιδιωτικούς βοηθούς μονάδας."
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`."
msgstr ""
"Το χαρακτηριστικό «#\\[cfg(test)\\]» είναι ενεργό μόνο όταν εκτελείτε "
"«δοκιμή φορτίου»."
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:"
msgstr "Το Rust έχει ενσωματωμένη υποστήριξη για δοκιμές τεκμηρίωσης:"
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n"
"///\n"
"/// ```\n"
"/// use playground::shorten_string;\n"
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n"
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n"
"/// ```\n"
"pub fn shorten_string(s: &str, length: usize) -> &str {\n"
" &s[..std::cmp::min(length, s.len())]\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code."
msgstr ""
"Τα μπλοκ κώδικα στα σχόλια `///` εμφανίζονται αυτόματα ως κώδικας Rust."
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`."
msgstr ""
"Ο κώδικας θα μεταγλωττιστεί και θα εκτελεστεί ως μέρος της «δοκιμής φορτίου»."
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
msgstr ""
"Δοκιμάστε τον παραπάνω κώδικα στο [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang."
"org/?"
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test."
msgstr ""
"Εάν θέλετε να δοκιμάσετε τη βιβλιοθήκη σας ως πελάτη, χρησιμοποιήστε μια "
"δοκιμή ενοποίησης."
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:"
msgstr "Δημιουργήστε ένα αρχείο «.rs» κάτω από το «tests/»:"
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"use my_library::init;\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_init() {\n"
" assert!(init().is_ok());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate."
msgstr "Αυτές οι δοκιμές έχουν πρόσβαση μόνο στο δημόσιο API του κλουβιού σας."
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:1
msgid "Useful crates for writing tests"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests."
msgstr "Το Rust έχει ενσωματωμένη υποστήριξη για δοκιμές τεκμηρίωσης:"
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:5
msgid "Here are some additional crates which we recommend for writing tests:"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:7
msgid ""
"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Comprehensive test assertion "
"library in the tradition of GoogleTest for C++."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:8
msgid "[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Property-based testing for Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:9
msgid ""
"[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Support for fixtures and parameterised "
"tests."
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Rust language has two parts:"
msgstr "Η γλώσσα Rust έχει δύο μέρη:"
#: src/unsafe.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "**Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible."
msgstr ""
"**Safe Rust:** ασφαλής μνήμη, δεν είναι δυνατή η απροσδιόριστη συμπεριφορά."
#: src/unsafe.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"**Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are "
"violated."
msgstr ""
"**Μη ασφαλής σκουριά:** μπορεί να προκαλέσει απροσδιόριστη συμπεριφορά εάν "
"παραβιάζονται προϋποθέσεις."
#: src/unsafe.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will be seeing mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to "
"know what Unsafe Rust is."
msgstr ""
"Θα δούμε κυρίως ασφαλή Rust σε αυτό το μάθημα, αλλά είναι σημαντικό να το "
"γνωρίζουμε τι είναι το Unsafe Rust."
#: src/unsafe.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be "
"carefully documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer."
msgstr ""
"Ο μη ασφαλής κώδικας είναι συνήθως μικρός και απομονωμένος και η ορθότητά "
"του θα πρέπει να γίνεται προσεκτικά τεκμηριωμένη. Συνήθως είναι τυλιγμένο σε "
"ένα ασφαλές στρώμα αφαίρεσης."
#: src/unsafe.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:"
msgstr "Το Unsafe Rust σάς δίνει πρόσβαση σε πέντε νέες δυνατότητες:"
#: src/unsafe.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "Dereference raw pointers."
msgstr "Αναφορά ακατέργαστων δεικτών."
#: src/unsafe.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "Access or modify mutable static variables."
msgstr "Πρόσβαση ή τροποποίηση μεταβλητών στατικών μεταβλητών."
#: src/unsafe.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "Access `union` fields."
msgstr "Πρόσβαση στα πεδία «ένωση»."
#: src/unsafe.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions."
msgstr ""
"Καλέστε «μη ασφαλείς» συναρτήσεις, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των «εξωτερικών» "
"συναρτήσεων."
#: src/unsafe.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "Implement `unsafe` traits."
msgstr "Εφαρμόστε «μη ασφαλή» χαρακτηριστικά."
#: src/unsafe.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please see "
"[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-"
"unsafe-rust.html) and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
msgstr ""
"Θα καλύψουμε εν συντομία τις μη ασφαλείς δυνατότητες στη συνέχεια. Για "
"πλήρεις λεπτομέρειες, δείτε [Κεφάλαιο 19.1 στο βιβλίο της σκουριάς](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html) και το [Rustonomicon]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
#: src/unsafe.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers "
"have turned off the compiler safety features and have to write correct code "
"by themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety "
"rules."
msgstr ""
"Το Unsafe Rust δεν σημαίνει ότι ο κωδικός είναι εσφαλμένος. Σημαίνει ότι οι "
"προγραμματιστές έχουν απενεργοποίησε τις δυνατότητες ασφαλείας του "
"μεταγλωττιστή και πρέπει να γράψει τον σωστό κώδικα από τους εαυτούς τους. "
"Σημαίνει ότι ο μεταγλωττιστής δεν επιβάλλει πλέον τους κανόνες ασφαλείας της "
"μνήμης του Rust."
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:"
msgstr ""
"Η δημιουργία δεικτών είναι ασφαλής, αλλά η αποσύνδεσή τους απαιτεί \"μη "
"ασφαλή\":"
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut num = 5;\n"
"\n"
" let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n"
" let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are\n"
" // guaranteed to be non-null and properly aligned, the objects "
"underlying\n"
" // the references from which they were obtained are live throughout the\n"
" // whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n"
" // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" println!(\"r1 is: {}\", *r1);\n"
" *r1 = 10;\n"
" println!(\"r2 is: {}\", *r2);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write "
"a comment for each `unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it "
"satisfies the safety requirements of the unsafe operations it is doing."
msgstr ""
"Είναι καλή πρακτική (και απαιτείται από τον οδηγό στυλ Android Rust) να "
"γράψετε ένα σχόλιο για το καθένα Μπλοκ \"μη ασφαλής\" που εξηγεί πώς ο "
"κωδικός μέσα σε αυτό ικανοποιεί τις απαιτήσεις ασφαλείας του μη ασφαλούς "
"λειτουργίες που κάνει."
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be "
"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:"
msgstr ""
"Στην περίπτωση των αποαναφορών δείκτη, αυτό σημαίνει ότι οι δείκτες πρέπει "
"να είναι [_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), π."
"χ.:"
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "The pointer must be non-null."
msgstr "Ο δείκτης δεν πρέπει να είναι μηδενικός."
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single "
"allocated object)."
msgstr ""
"Ο δείκτης πρέπει να είναι _dereferenceable_ (εντός των ορίων ενός "
"μεμονωμένου αντικειμένου)."
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "The object must not have been deallocated."
msgstr "Το αντικείμενο δεν πρέπει να έχει εκχωρηθεί."
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location."
msgstr "Δεν πρέπει να υπάρχουν ταυτόχρονες προσβάσεις στην ίδια τοποθεσία."
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object "
"must be live and no reference may be used to access the memory."
msgstr ""
"Εάν ο δείκτης λήφθηκε με τη μετάδοση μιας αναφοράς, το υποκείμενο "
"αντικείμενο πρέπει να είναι ζωντανό και όχι μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί αναφορά "
"για πρόσβαση στη μνήμη."
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned."
msgstr ""
"Στις περισσότερες περιπτώσεις ο δείκτης πρέπει επίσης να είναι σωστά "
"ευθυγραμμισμένος."
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:"
msgstr "Είναι ασφαλές να διαβάσετε μια αμετάβλητη στατική μεταβλητή:"
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable "
"static variables:"
msgstr ""
"Ωστόσο, δεδομένου ότι μπορεί να προκύψουν αγώνες δεδομένων, δεν είναι "
"ασφαλές να διαβάζετε και να γράφετε μεταβλητά στατικές μεταβλητές:"
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:16
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;\n"
"\n"
"fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n"
" unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potential data race!\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" add_to_counter(42);\n"
"\n"
" unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potential data race!\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases "
"where it might make sense in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a "
"heap allocator or working with some C APIs."
msgstr ""
"Η χρήση ενός μεταβλητού στατικού είναι γενικά κακή ιδέα, αλλά υπάρχουν "
"ορισμένες περιπτώσεις όπου μπορεί να έχει νόημα σε κώδικα «no_std» χαμηλού "
"επιπέδου, όπως η εφαρμογή ενός κατανεμητή σωρού ή η εργασία με ορισμένα C "
"API."
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:"
msgstr ""
"Τα συνδικάτα είναι σαν τα enums, αλλά πρέπει να παρακολουθείτε μόνοι σας το "
"ενεργό πεδίο:"
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[repr(C)]\n"
"union MyUnion {\n"
" i: u8,\n"
" b: bool,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n"
" println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n"
" println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Undefined behavior!\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They "
"are occasionally needed for interacting with C library APIs."
msgstr ""
"Οι ενώσεις χρειάζονται πολύ σπάνια στο Rust καθώς συνήθως μπορείτε να "
"χρησιμοποιήσετε ένα enum. Περιστασιακά χρειάζονται για αλληλεπίδραση με API "
"βιβλιοθήκης C."
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably want "
"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn."
"transmute.html) or a safe wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/"
"crates/zerocopy) crate."
msgstr ""
"Εάν θέλετε απλώς να ερμηνεύσετε ξανά τα byte ως διαφορετικού τύπου, μάλλον "
"θέλετε [`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn."
"transmute.html) ή χρηματοκιβώτιο περιτύλιγμα όπως το κιβώτιο [`zerocopy`]"
"(https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy)."
#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions "
"you must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:"
msgstr ""
"Μια συνάρτηση ή μια μέθοδος μπορεί να επισημανθεί ως «μη ασφαλής» εάν έχει "
"επιπλέον προϋποθέσεις πρέπει να τηρεί για την αποφυγή απροσδιόριστης "
"συμπεριφοράς:"
#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds "
"of\n"
" // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n"
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n"
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis."
"get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n"
"\n"
" // Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n"
" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n"
" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis."
"get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n"
" s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular "
"conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να επισημάνετε τις δικές σας λειτουργίες ως \"μη ασφαλείς\" εάν "
"απαιτούν συγκεκριμένες συνθήκες για να αποφευχθούν απροσδιόριστες η "
"ΣΥΜΠΕΡΙΦΟΡΑ."
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n"
"///\n"
"/// # Safety\n"
"///\n"
"/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n"
"unsafe fn swap(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n"
" let temp = *a;\n"
" *a = *b;\n"
" *b = temp;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut a = 42;\n"
" let mut b = 66;\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because ...\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We wouldn't actually use pointers for this because it can be done safely "
"with references."
msgstr ""
"Στην πραγματικότητα δεν θα χρησιμοποιούσαμε δείκτες για αυτό, επειδή μπορεί "
"να γίνει με ασφάλεια με αναφορές."
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an "
"`unsafe` block. We can prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. "
"Try adding it and see what happens."
msgstr ""
"Σημειώστε ότι ο μη ασφαλής κωδικός επιτρέπεται σε μια μη ασφαλή συνάρτηση "
"χωρίς μπλοκ \"μη ασφαλής\". Μπορούμε απαγορεύστε αυτό με "
"\"#\\[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)\\]\". Δοκιμάστε να το προσθέσετε και "
"δείτε τι θα συμβεί."
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Calling External Code"
msgstr "Κλήση εξωτερικού κωδικού"
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. Calling "
"them is thus unsafe:"
msgstr ""
"Λειτουργίες από άλλες γλώσσες ενδέχεται να παραβιάζουν τις εγγυήσεις του "
"Rust. Κλήση είναι επομένως ανασφαλείς:"
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"extern \"C\" {\n"
" fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" // Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n"
" println!(\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\", abs(-3));\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is usually only a problem for extern functions which do things with "
"pointers which might violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C "
"function might have undefined behaviour under any arbitrary circumstances."
msgstr ""
"Αυτό είναι συνήθως ένα πρόβλημα μόνο για εξωτερικές συναρτήσεις που κάνουν "
"πράγματα με δείκτες που μπορεί παραβιάζουν το μοντέλο μνήμης του Rust, αλλά "
"γενικά οποιαδήποτε συνάρτηση C μπορεί να έχει απροσδιόριστη συμπεριφορά κάτω "
"από οποιαδήποτε αυθαίρετες περιστάσεις."
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:25
msgid ""
"The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI; [other ABIs are available too]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation "
"must guarantee particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
msgstr ""
"Όπως και με τις συναρτήσεις, μπορείτε να επισημάνετε ένα χαρακτηριστικό ως "
"\"μη ασφαλές\", εάν η υλοποίηση πρέπει να είναι εγγυημένη συγκεκριμένες "
"συνθήκες για την αποφυγή απροσδιόριστης συμπεριφοράς."
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks [something "
"like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):"
msgstr ""
"Για παράδειγμα, το κιβώτιο «zerocopy» έχει ένα μη ασφαλές χαρακτηριστικό που "
"φαίνεται [κάτι σαν αυτό](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait."
"AsBytes.html):"
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::mem::size_of_val;\n"
"use std::slice;\n"
"\n"
"/// ...\n"
"/// # Safety\n"
"/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n"
"pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n"
" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, "
"size_of_val(self))\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n"
"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
"///... /// # Ασφάλεια /// Ο τύπος πρέπει να έχει καθορισμένη αναπαράσταση "
"και χωρίς γέμιση. μη ασφαλές χαρακτηριστικό παμπ AsBytes { fn "
"as_bytes(&self) -> &\\[u8\\] { μη ασφαλές { slice::from_raw_parts(self as "
"\\*const Self as \\*const u8, size_of_val(self)) } } }"
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining "
"the requirements for the trait to be safely implemented."
msgstr ""
"Θα πρέπει να υπάρχει μια ενότητα «# Ασφάλεια» στο Rustdoc για το "
"χαρακτηριστικό που εξηγεί τις απαιτήσεις για το χαρακτηριστικό που πρέπει να "
"εφαρμοστεί με ασφάλεια."
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more "
"complicated."
msgstr ""
"Η πραγματική ενότητα ασφάλειας για τα \"AsBytes\" είναι μάλλον μεγαλύτερη "
"και πιο περίπλοκη."
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe."
msgstr ""
"Τα ενσωματωμένα χαρακτηριστικά «Αποστολή» και «Συγχρονισμός» δεν είναι "
"ασφαλή."
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 3: Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "Ημέρα 3: Απογευματινές Ασκήσεις"
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!"
msgstr ""
"Ας δημιουργήσουμε ένα ασφαλές περιτύλιγμα για την ανάγνωση περιεχομένου "
"καταλόγου!"
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:5
msgid ""
"For this exercise, we suggest using a local dev environment instead of the "
"Playground. This will allow you to run your binary on your own machine."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:8
msgid ""
"To get started, follow the [running locally](../../cargo/running-locally.md) "
"instructions."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution](solutions-"
"afternoon.md) provided."
msgstr "Αφού δείτε την άσκηση, μπορείτε να δείτε τη \\[λύση\\] που παρέχεται."
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function "
"interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc` "
"functions you would use from C to read the filenames of a directory."
msgstr ""
"Το Rust έχει μεγάλη υποστήριξη για την κλήση συναρτήσεων μέσω μιας "
"συνάρτησης _foreign διεπαφή_ (FFI). Θα το χρησιμοποιήσουμε για να "
"δημιουργήσουμε ένα ασφαλές περιτύλιγμα για το `libc` συναρτήσεις που θα "
"χρησιμοποιούσατε από το C για να διαβάσετε τα ονόματα αρχείων ενός καταλόγου."
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:"
msgstr "Θα θελήσετε να συμβουλευτείτε τις σελίδες του εγχειριδίου:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)"
msgstr "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)"
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)"
msgstr "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)"
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
msgstr "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:13
msgid ""
"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"ffi/) module. There you find a number of string types which you need for the "
"exercise:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16
msgid "Encoding"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16
msgid "Use"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) and [`String`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)"
msgstr "«Read» και «Write» που χρησιμοποιούνται για IO,"
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18
msgid "UTF-8"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "Text processing in Rust"
msgstr "Μετακινημένες συμβολοσειρές στη Rust"
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) and [`CString`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)"
msgstr "«Read» και «Write» που χρησιμοποιούνται για IO,"
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19
msgid "NUL-terminated"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19
msgid "Communicating with C functions"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) and "
"[`OsString`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)"
msgstr "«Read» και «Write» που χρησιμοποιούνται για IO,"
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20
msgid "OS-specific"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20
msgid "Communicating with the OS"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:22
msgid "You will convert between all these types:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:24
msgid ""
"`&str` to `CString`: you need to allocate space for a trailing `\\0` "
"character,"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:25
msgid "`CString` to `*const i8`: you need a pointer to call C functions,"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:26
msgid ""
"`*const i8` to `&CStr`: you need something which can find the trailing `\\0` "
"character,"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:27
msgid ""
"`&CStr` to `&[u8]`: a slice of bytes is the universal interface for \"some "
"unknow data\","
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:28
msgid ""
"`&[u8]` to `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` is a step towards `OsString`, use [`OsStrExt`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) to create it,"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:31
msgid ""
"`&OsStr` to `OsString`: you need to clone the data in `&OsStr` to be able to "
"return it and call `readdir` again."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:34
msgid ""
"The [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) also has a very "
"useful chapter about FFI."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
"functions and methods:"
msgstr ""
"Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/> και "
"συμπληρώστε τον κωδικό που λείπει λειτουργίες και μέθοδοι:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:48
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"mod ffi {\n"
" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n"
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n"
"\n"
" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
" #[repr(C)]\n"
" pub struct DIR {\n"
" _data: [u8; 0],\n"
" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::"
"PhantomPinned)>,\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t "
"and\n"
" // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n"
" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n"
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
" #[repr(C)]\n"
" pub struct dirent {\n"
" pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n"
" pub d_off: c_long,\n"
" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
" pub d_type: c_uchar,\n"
" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n"
" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
" #[repr(C)]\n"
" pub struct dirent {\n"
" pub d_fileno: u64,\n"
" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n"
" pub d_reclen: u16,\n"
" pub d_namlen: u16,\n"
" pub d_type: u8,\n"
" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" extern \"C\" {\n"
" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
"\n"
" #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n"
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
"\n"
" // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section "
"on\n"
" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n"
" //\n"
" // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" "
"refers\n"
" // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and "
"PowerPC.\n"
" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n"
" #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n"
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
"\n"
" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
" path: CString,\n"
" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
" fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
" type Item = OsString;\n"
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
" // Call closedir as needed.\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android.md:1
msgid "Welcome to Rust in Android"
msgstr ""
#: src/android.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust is supported for native platform development on Android. This means "
"that you can write new operating system services in Rust, as well as "
"extending existing services."
msgstr ""
"Το Rust υποστηρίζεται για ανάπτυξη εγγενούς πλατφόρμας στο Android. Αυτό "
"σημαίνει ότι μπορείτε να γράψετε νέες υπηρεσίες λειτουργικού συστήματος στο "
"Rust, καθώς και να επεκτείνετε υπάρχουσες υπηρεσίες."
#: src/android.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to "
"find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code "
"to Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something "
"that parses some raw bytes would be ideal."
msgstr ""
"Θα προσπαθήσουμε να καλέσουμε τον Rust από ένα από τα δικά σας έργα σήμερα. "
"Προσπάθησε λοιπόν βρείτε μια μικρή γωνία της βάσης του κώδικα όπου μπορούμε "
"να μετακινήσουμε ορισμένες γραμμές κώδικα Σκουριά. Όσο λιγότερες εξαρτήσεις "
"και «εξωτικοί» τύποι τόσο το καλύτερο. Κάτι που η ανάλυση ορισμένων "
"ακατέργαστων byte θα ήταν ιδανική."
#: src/android/setup.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will be using an Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make sure you "
"have access to one or create a new one with:"
msgstr ""
"Θα χρησιμοποιήσουμε μια εικονική συσκευή Android για να δοκιμάσουμε τον "
"κώδικά μας. Βεβαιωθείτε ότι έχετε πρόσβαση σε ένα ή δημιουργήστε ένα νέο με:"
#: src/android/setup.md:6
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"source build/envsetup.sh\n"
"lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n"
"acloud create\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/setup.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Please see the [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/"
"setup/start) for details."
msgstr ""
"Ανατρέξτε στο [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/"
"setup/start) για λεπτομέρειες."
#: src/android/build-rules.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:"
msgstr ""
"Το σύστημα κατασκευής Android (Soong) υποστηρίζει το Rust μέσω μιας σειράς "
"λειτουργικών μονάδων:"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Module Type"
msgstr ""
"\\| Τύπος ενότητας | Περιγραφή | "
"\\|------------------------------------------------- "
"-------------------------------------------------- ---------------------| "
"\\| `rust_binary` | Παράγει ένα Rust δυαδικό. | \\| `rust_library` | Παράγει "
"μια βιβλιοθήκη Rust και παρέχει παραλλαγές «rlib» και «dylib». | \\| "
"`rust_ffi` | Παράγει μια βιβλιοθήκη Rust C που μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί από "
"μονάδες «cc» και παρέχει τόσο στατικές όσο και κοινόχρηστες παραλλαγές. | "
"\\| `rust_proc_macro` | Παράγει μια «proc-macro» βιβλιοθήκη Rust. Αυτά είναι "
"ανάλογα με τα πρόσθετα μεταγλωττιστή. | \\| «δοκιμή_σκουριάς» | Παράγει ένα "
"δυαδικό σύστημα δοκιμής Rust που χρησιμοποιεί την τυπική ζώνη δοκιμής Rust. "
"| \\| `rust_fuzz` | Παράγει ένα Rust fuzz δυαδικό μόχλευσης «libfuzzer». | "
"\\| `rust_protobuf` | Δημιουργεί πηγή και παράγει μια βιβλιοθήκη Rust που "
"παρέχει μια διεπαφή για ένα συγκεκριμένο protobuf. | \\| `rust_bindgen` | "
"Δημιουργεί πηγή και παράγει μια βιβλιοθήκη Rust που περιέχει δεσμεύσεις Rust "
"σε βιβλιοθήκες C. |"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:5
msgid "Description"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:7
msgid "`rust_binary`"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:7
msgid "Produces a Rust binary."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:8
msgid "`rust_library`"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:8
msgid "Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and `dylib` variants."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:9
msgid "`rust_ffi`"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:9
msgid ""
"Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and provides both static "
"and shared variants."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:10
msgid "`rust_proc_macro`"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:10
msgid ""
"Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are analogous to compiler "
"plugins."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:11
msgid "`rust_test`"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:11
msgid "Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard Rust test harness."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:12
msgid "`rust_fuzz`"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:12
msgid "Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging `libfuzzer`."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:13
msgid "`rust_protobuf`"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:13
msgid ""
"Generates source and produces a Rust library that provides an interface for "
"a particular protobuf."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:14
msgid "`rust_bindgen`"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:14
msgid ""
"Generates source and produces a Rust library containing Rust bindings to C "
"libraries."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next."
msgstr "Στη συνέχεια θα δούμε τα «rust_binary» και «rust_library»."
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust Binaries"
msgstr "Rust Binaries"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, "
"create the following files:"
msgstr ""
"Ας ξεκινήσουμε με μια απλή εφαρμογή. Στη ρίζα ενός ταμείου AOSP, "
"δημιουργήστε τα ακόλουθα αρχεία:"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:6 src/android/build-rules/library.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:8
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
" name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
" crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:16 src/android/build-rules/library.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:18
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"//! Rust demo.\n"
"\n"
"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:"
msgstr ""
"Τώρα μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε, να προωθήσετε και να εκτελέσετε το δυαδικό:"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:29
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m hello_rust\n"
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\"\n"
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:35
msgid ""
"```text\n"
"Hello from Rust!\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust Libraries"
msgstr "Βιβλιοθήκες Rust"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android."
msgstr ""
"Χρησιμοποιείτε το \"rust_library\" για να δημιουργήσετε μια νέα βιβλιοθήκη "
"Rust για Android."
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:"
msgstr "Εδώ δηλώνουμε μια εξάρτηση από δύο βιβλιοθήκες:"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "`libgreeting`, which we define below,"
msgstr "'libgreeting', που ορίζουμε παρακάτω,"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in [`external/rust/crates/`]"
"(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/"
"crates/)."
msgstr ""
"«libtextwrap», το οποίο είναι ένα κιβώτιο που έχει ήδη πωληθεί \\[`εξωτερικά/"
"σκουριά/κιβώτια/`\\]\\[κιβώτια\\]."
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:15
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
" name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
" crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
" rustlibs: [\n"
" \"libgreetings\",\n"
" \"libtextwrap\",\n"
" ],\n"
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"rust_library {\n"
" name: \"libgreetings\",\n"
" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:36
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Rust demo.\n"
"\n"
"use greetings::greeting;\n"
"use textwrap::fill;\n"
"\n"
"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:50
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Greeting library.\n"
"\n"
"/// Greet `name`.\n"
"pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n"
" format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:59
#, fuzzy
msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:"
msgstr "Δημιουργείτε, πιέζετε και τρέχετε το δυαδικό αρχείο όπως πριν:"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:61
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/"
"tmp\"\n"
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:67
msgid ""
"```text\n"
"Hello Bob, it is very\n"
"nice to meet you!\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)](https://developer.android."
"com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in Rust:"
msgstr ""
"Η [Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)](https://developer.android."
"com/guide/components/aidl) υποστηρίζεται στο Rust:"
#: src/android/aidl.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust code can call existing AIDL servers,"
msgstr "Ο κώδικας σκουριάς μπορεί να καλέσει υπάρχοντες διακομιστές AIDL,"
#: src/android/aidl.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can create new AIDL servers in Rust."
msgstr "Μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε νέους διακομιστές AIDL στο Rust."
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "AIDL Interfaces"
msgstr "Διεπαφές AIDL"
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:"
msgstr "Δηλώνετε το API της υπηρεσίας σας χρησιμοποιώντας μια διεπαφή AIDL:"
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
msgstr ""
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:7
msgid ""
"```java\n"
"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
"\n"
"/** Birthday service interface. */\n"
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:19
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"aidl_interface {\n"
" name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n"
" srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n"
" unstable: true,\n"
" backend: {\n"
" rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n"
" enabled: true,\n"
" },\n"
" },\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the "
"vendor partition."
msgstr ""
"Προσθέστε το \"vendor_available: true\" εάν το αρχείο AIDL σας "
"χρησιμοποιείται από ένα δυαδικό αρχείο στον προμηθευτή χώρισμα."
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Service Implementation"
msgstr "Υλοποίηση υπηρεσίας"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:"
msgstr "Μπορούμε τώρα να εφαρμόσουμε την υπηρεσία AIDL:"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
"\n"
"/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n"
"pub struct BirthdayService;\n"
"\n"
"impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n"
"\n"
"impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n"
" fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::"
"Result<String> {\n"
" Ok(format!(\n"
" \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!"
"\"\n"
" ))\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:26 src/android/aidl/server.md:28
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:28
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_library {\n"
" name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
" crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n"
" rustlibs: [\n"
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
" ],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "AIDL Server"
msgstr "Διακομιστής AIDL"
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:"
msgstr ""
"Τέλος, μπορούμε να δημιουργήσουμε έναν διακομιστή που εκθέτει την υπηρεσία:"
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:"
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:"
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Birthday service.\n"
"use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
"IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
"\n"
"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
"\n"
"/// Entry point for birthday service.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n"
" let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n"
" birthday_service,\n"
" binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n"
" );\n"
" binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder."
"as_binder())\n"
" .expect(\"Failed to register service\");\n"
" binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:30
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
" name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
" crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n"
" rustlibs: [\n"
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
" \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
" ],\n"
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:"
msgstr ""
"Μπορούμε τώρα να δημιουργήσουμε, να προωθήσουμε και να ξεκινήσουμε την "
"υπηρεσία:"
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:5
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m birthday_server\n"
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/"
"tmp\"\n"
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:"
msgstr "Σε άλλο τερματικό, ελέγξτε ότι η υπηρεσία εκτελείται:"
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:13
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"adb shell service check birthdayservice\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:17
msgid ""
"```text\n"
"Service birthdayservice: found\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:"
msgstr "Μπορείτε επίσης να καλέσετε την υπηρεσία με «κλήση υπηρεσίας»:"
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:23
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:27
msgid ""
"```text\n"
"Result: Parcel(\n"
" 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n"
" 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n"
" 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n"
" 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n"
" 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n"
" 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n"
" 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n"
" 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "AIDL Client"
msgstr "Πελάτης AIDL"
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service."
msgstr ""
"Τέλος, μπορούμε να δημιουργήσουμε έναν πελάτη Rust για τη νέα μας υπηρεσία."
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:"
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:"
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Birthday service.\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
"\n"
"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
"\n"
"/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n"
"pub fn connect() -> Result<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, binder::"
"StatusCode> {\n"
" binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"/// Call the birthday service.\n"
"fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n"
" let name = std::env::args()\n"
" .nth(1)\n"
" .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n"
" let years = std::env::args()\n"
" .nth(2)\n"
" .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::<i32>().ok())\n"
" .unwrap_or(42);\n"
"\n"
" binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n"
" let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to "
"BirthdayService\");\n"
" let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n"
" println!(\"{msg}\");\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:39
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
" name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
" crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n"
" rustlibs: [\n"
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
" ],\n"
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`."
msgstr "Σημειώστε ότι ο πελάτης δεν εξαρτάται από το \"libbirthdayservice\"."
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:54
#, fuzzy
msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:"
msgstr "Δημιουργήστε, προωθήστε και εκτελέστε τον πελάτη στη συσκευή σας:"
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:56
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m birthday_client\n"
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/"
"tmp\"\n"
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:62
msgid ""
"```text\n"
"Happy Birthday Charlie, congratulations with the 60 years!\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients "
"specify a list of lines for the birthday card:"
msgstr ""
"Ας επεκτείνουμε το API με περισσότερη λειτουργικότητα: θέλουμε να "
"επιτρέψουμε στους πελάτες να καθορίσουν α λίστα γραμμών για την κάρτα "
"γενεθλίων:"
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:6
msgid ""
"```java\n"
"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
"\n"
"/** Birthday service interface. */\n"
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) "
"or `stdout` (on-host):"
msgstr ""
"Θα πρέπει να χρησιμοποιήσετε το κιβώτιο «log» για αυτόματη σύνδεση στο "
"«logcat» (σε συσκευή) ή `stdout` (στον οικοδεσπότη):"
#: src/android/logging.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/logging.md:8
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
" name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
" crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
" rustlibs: [\n"
" \"liblog_rust\",\n"
" \"liblogger\",\n"
" ],\n"
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
" host_supported: true,\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
#: src/android/logging.md:24
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Rust logging demo.\n"
"\n"
"use log::{debug, error, info};\n"
"\n"
"/// Logs a greeting.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" logger::init(\n"
" logger::Config::default()\n"
" .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n"
" .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n"
" );\n"
" debug!(\"Starting program.\");\n"
" info!(\"Things are going fine.\");\n"
" error!(\"Something went wrong!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:42 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:98
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:73
#, fuzzy
msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:"
msgstr "Δημιουργήστε, σπρώξτε και εκτελέστε το δυαδικό στη συσκευή σας:"
#: src/android/logging.md:44
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m hello_rust_logs\n"
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/"
"tmp\"\n"
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:"
msgstr "Τα αρχεία καταγραφής εμφανίζονται στο `adb logcat`:"
#: src/android/logging.md:52
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"adb logcat -s rust\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:56
msgid ""
"```text\n"
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Starting program.\n"
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: Things are going "
"fine.\n"
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Something went "
"wrong!\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This "
"means that you can:"
msgstr ""
"Το Rust έχει εξαιρετική υποστήριξη για διαλειτουργικότητα με άλλες γλώσσες. "
"Αυτό σημαίνει ότι μπορείτε να:"
#: src/android/interoperability.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Call Rust functions from other languages."
msgstr "Καλέστε τις λειτουργίες Rust από άλλες γλώσσες."
#: src/android/interoperability.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Call functions written in other languages from Rust."
msgstr "Κλήση συναρτήσεων γραμμένων σε άλλες γλώσσες από το Rust."
#: src/android/interoperability.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a "
"_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI."
msgstr ""
"Όταν καλείτε συναρτήσεις σε μια ξένη γλώσσα, λέμε ότι χρησιμοποιείτε a _ξένη "
"διεπαφή λειτουργίας_, επίσης γνωστή ως FFI."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Interoperability with C"
msgstr "Διαλειτουργικότητα με C"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention. "
"Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C."
msgstr ""
"Το Rust έχει πλήρη υποστήριξη για τη σύνδεση αρχείων αντικειμένων με μια "
"σύμβαση κλήσης C. Ομοίως, μπορείτε να εξάγετε συναρτήσεις Rust και να τις "
"καλέσετε από το C."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:"
msgstr "Μπορείτε να το κάνετε με το χέρι αν θέλετε:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"extern \"C\" {\n"
" fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let x = -42;\n"
" let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n"
" println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper exercise](../../exercises/day-3/"
"safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
msgstr ""
"Το είδαμε ήδη στο [Safe FFI Wrapper άσκηση](../../exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-"
"wrapper.md)."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for "
"production."
msgstr ""
"Αυτό προϋποθέτει πλήρη γνώση της πλατφόρμας-στόχου. Δεν συνιστάται για "
"παραγωγή."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at better options next."
msgstr "Θα εξετάσουμε καλύτερες επιλογές στη συνέχεια."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Using Bindgen"
msgstr "Χρήση Bindgen"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) "
"tool can auto-generate bindings from a C header file."
msgstr ""
"Το εργαλείο [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction."
"html) μπορεί να δημιουργήσει αυτόματα δεσμεύσεις από ένα αρχείο κεφαλίδας C."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "First create a small C library:"
msgstr "Πρώτα δημιουργήστε μια μικρή βιβλιοθήκη C:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:10
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"typedef struct card {\n"
" const char* name;\n"
" int years;\n"
"} card;\n"
"\n"
"void print_card(const card* card);\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:21
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"#include <stdio.h>\n"
"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
"\n"
"void print_card(const card* card) {\n"
" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
" printf(\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\", card->name);\n"
" printf(\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\", card->years);\n"
" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:"
msgstr "Προσθέστε αυτό στο αρχείο σας «Android.bp»:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:108
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:37
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"cc_library {\n"
" name: \"libbirthday\",\n"
" srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this "
"example):"
msgstr ""
"Δημιουργήστε ένα αρχείο κεφαλίδας περιτυλίγματος για τη βιβλιοθήκη (δεν "
"απαιτείται αυστηρά σε αυτό παράδειγμα):"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:49
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:"
msgstr "Τώρα μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε αυτόματα τις συνδέσεις:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:57
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_bindgen {\n"
" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n"
" crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n"
" wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n"
" source_stem: \"bindings\",\n"
" static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:67
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:"
msgstr "Τέλος, μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε τις συνδέσεις στο πρόγραμμα Rust:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:71
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
" name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n"
" srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n"
" rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:79
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:81
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"//! Bindgen demo.\n"
"\n"
"use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n"
" let card = card {\n"
" name: name.as_ptr(),\n"
" years: 42,\n"
" };\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" print_card(&card as *const card);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:100
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m print_birthday_card\n"
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/"
"tmp\"\n"
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:106
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:"
msgstr ""
"Τέλος, μπορούμε να εκτελέσουμε δοκιμές που δημιουργούνται αυτόματα για να "
"διασφαλίσουμε ότι οι δεσμεύσεις λειτουργούν:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:110
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_test {\n"
" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
" srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
" crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
" test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n"
" auto_gen_config: true,\n"
" clippy_lints: \"none\", // Generated file, skip linting\n"
" lints: \"none\",\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:122
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Calling Rust"
msgstr "Calling Rust"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:"
msgstr "Η εξαγωγή λειτουργιών και τύπων Rust στο C είναι εύκολη:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"//! Rust FFI demo.\n"
"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n"
"\n"
"use std::os::raw::c_int;\n"
"\n"
"/// Analyze the numbers.\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n"
" if x < y {\n"
" println!(\"x ({x}) is smallest!\");\n"
" } else {\n"
" println!(\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:26
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n"
"#define ANALYSE_H\n"
"\n"
"extern \"C\" {\n"
"void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#endif\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:39
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_ffi {\n"
" name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n"
" crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n"
" srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n"
" include_dirs: [\".\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:"
msgstr "Μπορούμε τώρα να το ονομάσουμε αυτό από ένα δυαδικό C:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:52
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"#include \"analyze.h\"\n"
"\n"
"int main() {\n"
" analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n"
" analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n"
" return 0;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:64
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"cc_binary {\n"
" name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n"
" srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n"
" static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:75
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m analyze_numbers\n"
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/"
"tmp\"\n"
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:83
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol "
"will just be the name of the function. You can also use `#[export_name = "
"\"some_name\"]` to specify whatever name you want."
msgstr ""
"Το \"#\\[no_mangle\\]\" απενεργοποιεί τη συνήθη παραποίηση ονόματος του "
"Rust, επομένως το σύμβολο που θα εξαχθεί θα είναι απλώς το όνομα του η "
"λειτουργία. Μπορείτε επίσης να χρησιμοποιήσετε το `#[export_name = "
"\"some_name\"]` για να καθορίσετε όποιο όνομα θέλετε."
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [CXX crate](https://cxx.rs/) makes it possible to do safe "
"interoperability between Rust and C++."
msgstr ""
"Το [CXX crate](https://cxx.rs/) καθιστά δυνατή την ασφαλή διαλειτουργικότητα "
"μεταξύ του Rust και C++."
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "The overall approach looks like this:"
msgstr "Η συνολική προσέγγιση μοιάζει με αυτό:"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See the [CXX tutorial](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) for an full example of "
"using this."
msgstr ""
"Δείτε το [CXX tutorial](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) για ένα πλήρες "
"παράδειγμα χρήσης αυτού."
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:14
msgid ""
"At this point, the instructor should switch to the [CXX tutorial](https://"
"cxx.rs/tutorial.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:16
msgid "Walk the students through the tutorial step by step."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:18
msgid ""
"Highlight how CXX presents a clean interface without unsafe code in _both "
"languages_."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:20
msgid ""
"Show the correspondence between [Rust and C++ types](https://cxx.rs/bindings."
"html):"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:22
msgid ""
"Explain how a Rust `String` cannot map to a C++ `std::string` (the latter "
"does not uphold the UTF-8 invariant). Show that despite being different "
"types, `rust::String` in C++ can be easily constructed from a C++ `std::"
"string`, making it very ergonomic to use."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:28
msgid ""
"Explain that a Rust function returning `Result<T, E>` becomes a function "
"which throws a `E` exception in C++ (and vice versa)."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Interoperability with Java"
msgstr "Διαλειτουργικότητα με Java"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface (JNI)](https://en."
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni` crate](https://docs.rs/"
"jni/) allows you to create a compatible library."
msgstr ""
"Η Java μπορεί να φορτώσει κοινόχρηστα αντικείμενα μέσω του [Java Native "
"Interface (JNI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). Το "
"[`jni` crate](https://docs.rs/jni/) σας επιτρέπει να δημιουργήσετε μια "
"συμβατή βιβλιοθήκη."
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:"
msgstr "Αρχικά, δημιουργούμε μια συνάρτηση Rust για εξαγωγή σε Java:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:11
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n"
"\n"
"use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n"
"use jni::sys::jstring;\n"
"use jni::JNIEnv;\n"
"\n"
"/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n"
" env: JNIEnv,\n"
" _class: JClass,\n"
" name: JString,\n"
") -> jstring {\n"
" let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n"
" let greeting = format!(\"Hello, {input}!\");\n"
" let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n"
" output.into_inner()\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:32
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:34
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_ffi_shared {\n"
" name: \"libhello_jni\",\n"
" crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
" rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can call this function from Java:"
msgstr "Τέλος, μπορούμε να καλέσουμε αυτή τη συνάρτηση από την Java:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:47
msgid ""
"```java\n"
"class HelloWorld {\n"
" private static native String hello(String name);\n"
"\n"
" static {\n"
" System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" public static void main(String[] args) {\n"
" String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n"
" System.out.println(output);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:64
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"java_binary {\n"
" name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n"
" srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n"
" main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n"
" required: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:73
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:"
msgstr ""
"Τέλος, μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε, να συγχρονίσετε και να εκτελέσετε το "
"δυαδικό:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:75
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m helloworld_jni\n"
"adb sync # requires adb root && adb remount\n"
"adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a group exercise: We will look at one of the projects you work with "
"and try to integrate some Rust into it. Some suggestions:"
msgstr ""
"Για την τελευταία άσκηση, θα δούμε ένα από τα έργα με τα οποία εργάζεστε. "
"Αφήστε μας ομαδοποιήστε και κάντε αυτό μαζί. Μερικές προτάσεις:"
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust."
msgstr "Μετακινήστε μια συνάρτηση από το έργο σας στο Rust και καλέστε την."
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:8
msgid "Move a function from your project to Rust and call it."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone "
"in the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly."
msgstr ""
"Δεν παρέχεται λύση εδώ, δεδομένου ότι αυτό είναι ανοιχτό: βασίζεται σε "
"κάποιον μέσα η τάξη έχει ένα κομμάτι κώδικα που μπορείτε να μεταφέρετε στο "
"Rust on the fly."
#: src/bare-metal.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Welcome to Bare Metal Rust"
msgstr "Καλώς ήρθατε στην Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
#: src/bare-metal.md:3
msgid ""
"This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people "
"who are familiar with the basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the "
"Comprehensive Rust course), and ideally also have some experience with bare-"
"metal programming in some other language such as C."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:7
msgid ""
"Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS "
"underneath us. This will be divided into several parts:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:10
msgid "What is `no_std` Rust?"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:11
msgid "Writing firmware for microcontrollers."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:12
msgid "Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:13
msgid "Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:15
msgid ""
"For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit]"
"(https://microbit.org/) v2 as an example. It's a [development board](https://"
"tech.microbit.org/hardware/) based on the Nordic nRF51822 microcontroller "
"with some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected accelerometer and compass, and "
"an on-board SWD debugger."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:20
msgid ""
"To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:22
msgid ""
"```bash\n"
"sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gdb-multiarch libudev-dev picocom pkg-"
"config qemu-system-arm\n"
"rustup update\n"
"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:30
msgid ""
"And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:32
msgid ""
"```bash\n"
"echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"usb\", ATTR{idVendor}==\"0d28\", MODE=\"0664\", "
"GROUP=\"plugdev\"' |\\\n"
" sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/50-microbit.rules\n"
"sudo udevadm control --reload-rules\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:38
msgid "On MacOS:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:40
msgid ""
"```bash\n"
"xcode-select --install\n"
"brew install gdb picocom qemu\n"
"brew install --cask gcc-aarch64-embedded\n"
"rustup update\n"
"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:1
msgid "`no_std`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:7
msgid "`core`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:12 src/bare-metal/alloc.md:1
msgid "`alloc`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:17
msgid "`std`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:24
msgid "Slices, `&str`, `CStr`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:25
msgid "`NonZeroU8`..."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:26
msgid "`Option`, `Result`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:27
msgid "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:29
msgid "`panic!`, `assert_eq!`..."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:30
msgid "`NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:31
msgid "`Future` and `async`/`await`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:32
msgid "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:33
msgid "`Duration`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:38
msgid "`Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:39
msgid "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:40
msgid "`String`, `CString`, `format!`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:45
msgid "`Error`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:47
msgid "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:48
msgid "`File` and the rest of `fs`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:49
msgid "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:50
msgid "`Path`, `OsString`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:51
msgid "`net`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:52
msgid "`Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:53
msgid "`spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:54
msgid "`SystemTime`, `Instant`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:62
msgid "`HashMap` depends on RNG."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:63
msgid "`std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:1
msgid "A minimal `no_std` program"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"\n"
"#[panic_handler]\n"
"fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:17
msgid "This will compile to an empty binary."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:18
msgid "`std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:19
msgid "It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:20
msgid ""
"Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` to "
"avoid an error about `eh_personality`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:22
msgid ""
"Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to "
"define your own entry point. This will typically involve a linker script and "
"some assembly code to set things up ready for Rust code to run."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:3
msgid ""
"To use `alloc` you must implement a [global (heap) allocator](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate alloc;\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use alloc::string::ToString;\n"
"use alloc::vec::Vec;\n"
"use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n"
"\n"
"#[global_allocator]\n"
"static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n"
"\n"
"static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n"
"\n"
"pub fn entry() {\n"
" // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called "
"once.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n"
" HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n"
" .lock()\n"
" .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n"
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
" v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:39
msgid ""
"`buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy "
"system allocator. Other crates are available, or you can write your own or "
"hook into your existing allocator."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:41
msgid ""
"The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i.e. "
"in this case it can allocate regions of up to 2\\*\\*32 bytes."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:43
msgid ""
"If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have "
"exactly one global allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in "
"the top-level binary crate."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:45
msgid ""
"`extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the `panic_halt` "
"crate is linked in so we get its panic handler."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:47
msgid "This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:3
msgid ""
"The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for "
"Cortex M microcontrollers."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"mod interrupts;\n"
"\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:21
msgid ""
"Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of "
"abstraction."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:25
msgid ""
"The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -"
"> !`, because returning to the reset handler doesn't make sense."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:27
msgid "Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:3
msgid ""
"Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try "
"turning on an LED on our micro:bit:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"mod interrupts;\n"
"\n"
"use core::mem::size_of;\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"\n"
"/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n"
"const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;\n"
"\n"
"// GPIO peripheral offsets\n"
"const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;\n"
"const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;\n"
"const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;\n"
"\n"
"// PIN_CNF fields\n"
"const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;\n"
"const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;\n"
"const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;\n"
"const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;\n"
"const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
" let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut "
"u32;\n"
" let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut "
"u32;\n"
" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, "
"and\n"
" // no aliases exist.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(\n"
" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | "
"SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
" );\n"
" pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(\n"
" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | "
"SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
" );\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
" let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;\n"
" let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;\n"
" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, "
"and\n"
" // no aliases exist.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);\n"
" gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:64
msgid ""
"GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin 28 "
"to the first row."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:66
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:59
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:43
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:34
msgid "Run the example with:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:68
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin mmio\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:1
msgid "Peripheral Access Crates"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:3
msgid ""
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust "
"wrappers for memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/"
"pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html) files."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"use nrf52833_pac::Peripherals;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
" let gpio0 = p.P0;\n"
"\n"
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
" gpio0.pin_cnf[21].write(|w| {\n"
" w.dir().output();\n"
" w.input().disconnect();\n"
" w.pull().disabled();\n"
" w.drive().s0s1();\n"
" w.sense().disabled();\n"
" w\n"
" });\n"
" gpio0.pin_cnf[28].write(|w| {\n"
" w.dir().output();\n"
" w.input().disconnect();\n"
" w.pull().disabled();\n"
" w.drive().s0s1();\n"
" w.sense().disabled();\n"
" w\n"
" });\n"
"\n"
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
" gpio0.outclr.write(|w| w.pin28().clear());\n"
" gpio0.outset.write(|w| w.pin21().set());\n"
"\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:49
msgid ""
"SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by "
"silicon vendors which describe the memory map of the device."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:51
msgid ""
"They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, "
"descriptions, addresses and so on."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:53
msgid ""
"SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects "
"which patch the mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated "
"crates."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:55
msgid "`cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:56
msgid ""
"If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run `cargo objdump --bin "
"pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting binary."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:61
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin pac\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:1
msgid "HAL crates"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:3
msgid ""
"[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-"
"implementation-crates) for many microcontrollers provide wrappers around "
"various peripherals. These generally implement traits from [`embedded-hal`]"
"(https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"use nrf52833_hal::gpio::{p0, Level};\n"
"use nrf52833_hal::pac::Peripherals;\n"
"use nrf52833_hal::prelude::*;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" // Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n"
" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
"\n"
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
" let mut col1 = gpio0.p0_28.into_push_pull_output(Level::High);\n"
" let mut row1 = gpio0.p0_21.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
"\n"
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
" col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
" row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:39
msgid ""
"`set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` trait."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:40
msgid ""
"HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various "
"STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP, MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:45
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin hal\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Board support crates"
msgstr "Συντομεύσεις πληκτρολογίου"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:3
msgid ""
"Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific "
"board for convenience."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n"
"use microbit::Board;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" let mut board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" board.display_pins.col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
" board.display_pins.row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:28
msgid ""
"In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, "
"and a bit of initialisation."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:30
msgid ""
"The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of the "
"microcontroller itself."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:32
msgid "`microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:36
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin board_support\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:1
msgid "The type state pattern"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
"\n"
" let pin: P0_01<Disconnected> = gpio0.p0_01;\n"
"\n"
" // let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n"
" let pin_input: P0_01<Input<Floating>> = pin.into_floating_input();\n"
" if pin_input.is_high().unwrap() {\n"
" // ...\n"
" }\n"
" let mut pin_output: P0_01<Output<OpenDrain>> = pin_input\n"
" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, "
"Level::Low);\n"
" pin_output.set_high().unwrap();\n"
" // pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n"
"\n"
" let _pin2: P0_02<Output<OpenDrain>> = gpio0\n"
" .p0_02\n"
" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, "
"Level::Low);\n"
" let _pin3: P0_03<Output<PushPull>> = gpio0.p0_03."
"into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
"\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:32
msgid ""
"Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can "
"exist. Once a pin is moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:34
msgid ""
"Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you "
"can’t keep use the old instance afterwards."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:36
msgid ""
"The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, "
"the configuration state of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into "
"the type system, and ensures that you don't try to use a pin in a certain "
"way without properly configuring it first. Illegal state transitions are "
"caught at compile time."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:40
msgid ""
"You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, but "
"not vice-versa."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:41
msgid "Many HAL crates follow this pattern."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:1
msgid "`embedded-hal`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:3
msgid ""
"The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a "
"number of traits covering common microcontroller peripherals."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:6
msgid "GPIO"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:7
msgid "ADC"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:8
msgid "I2C, SPI, UART, CAN"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:9
msgid "RNG"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:10
msgid "Timers"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:11
msgid "Watchdogs"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:13
msgid ""
"Other crates then implement [drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/"
"awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) in terms of these traits, e.g. an "
"accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus implementation."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:19
msgid ""
"There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other "
"platforms such as Linux on Raspberry Pi."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:21
msgid ""
"There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it "
"isn't stable yet."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:1
msgid "`probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:3
msgid ""
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, "
"like OpenOCD but better integrated."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6
msgid "SWD"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6
msgid " and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7
msgid "GDB stub and Microsoft "
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7
msgid "DAP"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7
msgid " server"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:8
msgid "Cargo integration"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:10
msgid "`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log "
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:11
msgid "RTT"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:11
msgid ""
" output and connect GDB. It's configured by an `Embed.toml` file in your "
"project directory."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:16
msgid ""
"[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is "
"an Arm standard protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the "
"CoreSight Debug Access Port of various Arm Cortex processors. It's what the "
"on-board debugger on the BBC micro:bit uses."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:19
msgid ""
"ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-Link "
"is a range from SEGGER."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:21
msgid ""
"The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin "
"Serial Wire Debug."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:22
msgid ""
"probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you "
"want to."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:23
msgid ""
"The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-"
"adapter-protocol/) lets VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any "
"supported microcontroller."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:25
msgid "cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:26
msgid ""
"RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the debug "
"host and the target through a number of ringbuffers."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:3
msgid "Embed.toml:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:5
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[default.general]\n"
"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n"
"\n"
"[debug.gdb]\n"
"enabled = true\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:13
msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:15
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin board_support debug\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:"
msgstr "Σε άλλο τερματικό, ελέγξτε ότι η υπηρεσία εκτελείται:"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:21
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"gdb-multiarch target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/board_support --eval-"
"command=\"target remote :1337\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:27
msgid "In GDB, try running:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:29
msgid ""
"```gdb\n"
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:29\n"
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:30\n"
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:32\n"
"c\n"
"c\n"
"c\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:1
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:1
msgid "Other projects"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:3
msgid "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:4
msgid "\"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:5
msgid ""
"Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer queue"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:6
msgid "[Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:7
msgid "`async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:8
msgid "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:9
msgid ""
"Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection Unit "
"support"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:10
msgid "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:11
msgid ""
"Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, "
"unprivileged drivers, IPC"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:12
msgid "[Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:13
msgid ""
"Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g. [esp-idf](https://esp-rs."
"github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:18
msgid "RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:19
msgid "It doesn't include any HALs."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:20
msgid ""
"It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for "
"scheduling rather than a proper kernel."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:22
msgid "Cortex-M only."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:23
msgid ""
"Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:24
msgid ""
"FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing "
"applications."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:3
msgid ""
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
"serial port."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:3
msgid ""
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
"serial port. If you have time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or "
"use the buttons somehow."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:6
msgid "Hints:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:8
msgid ""
"Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/"
"latest/lsm303agr/) and [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/"
"microbit/) crates, as well as the [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit."
"org/hardware/)."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:11
msgid ""
"The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C bus."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:12
msgid ""
"TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:13
msgid ""
"The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::"
"blocking::i2c::WriteRead` trait. The [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/"
"microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) struct implements this."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:17
msgid ""
"You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/"
"struct.Board.html) struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:19
msgid ""
"You can also look at the [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi."
"com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but it shouldn't be necessary for "
"this exercise."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:23
msgid ""
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and "
"look in the `compass` directory for the following files."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:26 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "`src/main.rs`:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:30
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"use microbit::{hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte}, Board};\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" // Configure serial port.\n"
" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
" board.UARTE0,\n"
" board.uart.into(),\n"
" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
" );\n"
"\n"
" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
" // TODO\n"
"\n"
" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" loop {\n"
" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
" // TODO\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:64 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:385
msgid "`Cargo.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:68
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[workspace]\n"
"\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"compass\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"publish = false\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"cortex-m-rt = \"0.7.3\"\n"
"embedded-hal = \"0.2.6\"\n"
"lsm303agr = \"0.2.2\"\n"
"microbit-v2 = \"0.13.0\"\n"
"panic-halt = \"0.2.0\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:85
msgid "`Embed.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:89
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[default.general]\n"
"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n"
"\n"
"[debug.gdb]\n"
"enabled = true\n"
"\n"
"[debug.reset]\n"
"halt_afterwards = true\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:100 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:985
msgid "`.cargo/config.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:104
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[build]\n"
"target = \"thumbv7em-none-eabihf\" # Cortex-M4F\n"
"\n"
"[target.'cfg(all(target_arch = \"arm\", target_os = \"none\"))']\n"
"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Tlink.x\"]\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:112
msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:114
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/ttyACM0\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:118
msgid ""
"Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:120
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/tty.usbmodem14502\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:124
msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:1
msgid "Application processors"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:3
msgid ""
"So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. "
"Now let's try writing something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work "
"with QEMU's aarch64 ['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/"
"virt.html) board."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:9
msgid ""
"Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of "
"privilege (exception levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application "
"processors do."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:11
msgid ""
"QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for each "
"architecture. The 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real "
"hardware, but is designed purely for virtual machines."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:3
msgid ""
"Before we can start running Rust code, we need to do some initialisation."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:5
msgid ""
"```armasm\n"
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
".global entry\n"
"entry:\n"
" /*\n"
" * Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable "
"MMU and\n"
" * caches.\n"
" */\n"
" adrp x30, idmap\n"
" msr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
" mov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
" msr mair_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
" mov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
" /* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
" mrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
" bfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
"\n"
" msr tcr_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
" mov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
"\n"
" /*\n"
" * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate "
"any\n"
" * potentially stale local TLB entries before they start being used.\n"
" */\n"
" isb\n"
" tlbi vmalle1\n"
" ic iallu\n"
" dsb nsh\n"
" isb\n"
"\n"
" /*\n"
" * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until "
"this\n"
" * has completed.\n"
" */\n"
" msr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
" isb\n"
"\n"
" /* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
" mrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
" orr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
" msr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
" isb\n"
"\n"
" /* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
" adr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
" adr_l x30, bss_end\n"
"0: cmp x29, x30\n"
" b.hs 1f\n"
" stp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
" b 0b\n"
"\n"
"1: /* Prepare the stack. */\n"
" adr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
" mov sp, x30\n"
"\n"
" /* Set up exception vector. */\n"
" adr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
" msr vbar_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
" /* Call into Rust code. */\n"
" bl main\n"
"\n"
" /* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
"2: wfi\n"
" b 2b\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:77
msgid ""
"This is the same as it would be for C: initialising the processor state, "
"zeroing the BSS, and setting up the stack pointer."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:79
msgid ""
"The BSS (block starting symbol, for historical reasons) is the part of the "
"object file which containing statically allocated variables which are "
"initialised to zero. They are omitted from the image, to avoid wasting space "
"on zeroes. The compiler assumes that the loader will take care of zeroing "
"them."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:83
msgid ""
"The BSS may already be zeroed, depending on how memory is initialised and "
"the image is loaded, but we zero it to be sure."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:85
msgid ""
"We need to enable the MMU and cache before reading or writing any memory. If "
"we don't:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:86
msgid ""
"Unaligned accesses will fault. We build the Rust code for the `aarch64-"
"unknown-none` target which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler "
"generating unaligned accesses, so it should be fine in this case, but this "
"is not necessarily the case in general."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:89
msgid ""
"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The "
"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, "
"while the host has cachable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host "
"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache "
"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost when the cache "
"is cleaned or the VM enables the cache. (Cache is keyed by physical address, "
"not VA or IPA.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:94
msgid ""
"For simplicity, we just use a hardcoded pagetable (see `idmap.S`) which "
"identity maps the first 1 GiB of address space for devices, the next 1 GiB "
"for DRAM, and another 1 GiB higher up for more devices. This matches the "
"memory layout that QEMU uses."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:97
msgid ""
"We also set up the exception vector (`vbar_el1`), which we'll see more about "
"later."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:98
msgid ""
"All examples this afternoon assume we will be running at exception level 1 "
"(EL1). If you need to run at a different exception level you'll need to "
"modify `entry.S` accordingly."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:1
msgid "Inline assembly"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:3
msgid ""
"Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with "
"Rust code. For example, to make an "
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:4
msgid "HVC"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:4
msgid " to tell the firmware to power off the system:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"use core::arch::asm;\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"\n"
"const PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF: u32 = 0x84000008;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(_x0: u64, _x1: u64, _x2: u64, _x3: u64) {\n"
" // Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n"
" // anything with memory.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" asm!(\"hvc #0\",\n"
" inout(\"w0\") PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF => _,\n"
" inout(\"w1\") 0 => _,\n"
" inout(\"w2\") 0 => _,\n"
" inout(\"w3\") 0 => _,\n"
" inout(\"w4\") 0 => _,\n"
" inout(\"w5\") 0 => _,\n"
" inout(\"w6\") 0 => _,\n"
" inout(\"w7\") 0 => _,\n"
" options(nomem, nostack)\n"
" );\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:39
msgid ""
"(If you actually want to do this, use the [`smccc`](https://crates.io/crates/"
"smccc) crate which has wrappers for all these functions.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:43
msgid ""
"PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of "
"functions to manage system and CPU power states, among other things. It is "
"implemented by EL3 firmware and hypervisors on many systems."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:46
msgid ""
"The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the "
"inline assembly code, and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use "
"`inout` rather than `in` because the call could potentially clobber the "
"contents of the registers."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:49
msgid ""
"This `main` function needs to be `#[no_mangle]` and `extern \"C\"` because "
"it is called from our entry point in `entry.S`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:51
msgid ""
"`_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are conventionally "
"used by the bootloader to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. "
"According to the standard aarch64 calling convention (which is what `extern "
"\"C\"` specifies to use), registers `x0`–`x7` are used for the first 8 "
"arguments passed to a function, so `entry.S` doesn't need to do anything "
"special except make sure it doesn't change these registers."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:56
msgid ""
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
"examples`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:1
msgid "Volatile memory access for MMIO"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:3
msgid "Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:4
msgid "Never hold a reference."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:5
msgid ""
"`addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an intermediate "
"reference."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:9
msgid ""
"Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so prevent "
"the compiler or hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:11
msgid ""
"Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the "
"compiler may assume that the value read is the same as the value just "
"written, and not bother actually reading memory."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:13
msgid ""
"Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, but "
"this is unsound. Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to "
"dereference it."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:15
msgid ""
"Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to the "
"struct."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:1
msgid "Let's write a UART driver"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:3
msgid ""
"The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/"
"documentation/ddi0183/g) UART, so let's write a driver for that."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n"
"const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n"
"const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n"
"\n"
"/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"pub struct Uart {\n"
" base_address: *mut u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Uart {\n"
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at "
"the\n"
" /// given base address.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// # Safety\n"
" ///\n"
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of "
"a\n"
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
"process\n"
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n"
" Self { base_address }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
" self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n"
" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET)."
"read_volatile() }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:55
msgid ""
"Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is "
"because as long as the caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety "
"requirements are met (i.e. that there is only ever one instance of the "
"driver for a given UART, and nothing else aliasing its address space), then "
"it is always safe to call `write_byte` later because we can assume the "
"necessary preconditions."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:60
msgid ""
"We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but "
"`write_byte` unsafe), but that would be much less convenient to use as every "
"place that calls `write_byte` would need to reason about the safety"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:63
msgid ""
"This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving "
"the burden of proof for soundness from a large number of places to a smaller "
"number of places."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "More traits"
msgstr "Χαρακτηριστικά"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:3
msgid ""
"We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more "
"traits too."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n"
"\n"
"impl Write for Uart {\n"
" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
" self.write_byte(*c);\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(())\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
"// accessed from any context.\n"
"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:24
msgid ""
"Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with our "
"`Uart` type."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:25
msgid ""
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
"examples`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:1
msgid "A better UART driver"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:3
msgid ""
"The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers](https://developer.arm.com/"
"documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers), and adding "
"offsets to construct pointers to access them is error-prone and hard to "
"read. Plus, some of them are bit fields which would be nice to access in a "
"structured way."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
msgid "Offset"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
msgid "Register name"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
msgid "Width"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9
msgid "0x00"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9
msgid "DR"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9
msgid "12"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10
msgid "0x04"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10
msgid "RSR"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10
msgid "4"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11
msgid "0x18"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11
msgid "FR"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11
msgid "9"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12
msgid "0x20"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12
msgid "ILPR"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15
msgid "8"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13
msgid "0x24"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13
msgid "IBRD"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16
msgid "16"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14
msgid "0x28"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14
msgid "FBRD"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17
msgid "6"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15
msgid "0x2c"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15
msgid "LCR_H"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16
msgid "0x30"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16
msgid "CR"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17
msgid "0x34"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17
msgid "IFLS"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18
msgid "0x38"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18
msgid "IMSC"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21
msgid "11"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19
msgid "0x3c"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19
msgid "RIS"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20
msgid "0x40"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20
msgid "MIS"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21
msgid "0x44"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21
msgid "ICR"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22
msgid "0x48"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22
msgid "DMACR"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22
msgid "3"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:26
msgid "There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:3
msgid ""
"The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for "
"working with bitflags."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
"\n"
"bitflags! {\n"
" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
" struct Flags: u16 {\n"
" /// Clear to send.\n"
" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
" /// Data set ready.\n"
" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
" /// Data carrier detect.\n"
" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
" /// Ring indicator.\n"
" const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:37
msgid ""
"The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along "
"with a bunch of method implementations to get and set flags."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:1
msgid "Multiple registers"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:3
msgid ""
"We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
"struct Registers {\n"
" dr: u16,\n"
" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n"
" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n"
" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n"
" fr: Flags,\n"
" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n"
" ilpr: u8,\n"
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
" ibrd: u16,\n"
" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n"
" fbrd: u8,\n"
" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n"
" lcr_h: u8,\n"
" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n"
" cr: u16,\n"
" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n"
" ifls: u8,\n"
" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n"
" imsc: u16,\n"
" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n"
" ris: u16,\n"
" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n"
" mis: u16,\n"
" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n"
" icr: u16,\n"
" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n"
" dmacr: u8,\n"
" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:41
msgid ""
"[`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-"
"representation) tells the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, "
"following the same rules as C. This is necessary for our struct to have a "
"predictable layout, as default Rust representation allows the compiler to "
"(among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:3
msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"pub struct Uart {\n"
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Uart {\n"
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at "
"the\n"
" /// given base address.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// # Safety\n"
" ///\n"
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of "
"a\n"
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
"process\n"
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
" Self {\n"
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been "
"received.\n"
" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
" None\n"
" } else {\n"
" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)."
"read_volatile() };\n"
" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
" Some(data as u8)\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:64
msgid ""
"Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual "
"fields without creating an intermediate reference, which would be unsound."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:1
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Using it"
msgstr "Χρήση Bindgen"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:3
msgid ""
"Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, "
"and echo incoming bytes."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"mod pl011;\n"
"\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"use log::error;\n"
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
"device,\n"
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
" let mut uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
"\n"
" writeln!(uart, \"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\").unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" loop {\n"
" if let Some(byte) = uart.read_byte() {\n"
" uart.write_byte(byte);\n"
" match byte {\n"
" b'\\r' => {\n"
" uart.write_byte(b'\\n');\n"
" }\n"
" b'q' => break,\n"
" _ => {}\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" writeln!(uart, \"Bye!\").unwrap();\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:51
msgid ""
"As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` "
"function is called from our entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker "
"notes there for details."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:53
msgid ""
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:3
msgid ""
"It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`]"
"(https://crates.io/crates/log) crate. We can do this by implementing the "
"`Log` trait."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
"\n"
"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"struct Logger {\n"
" uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Log for Logger {\n"
" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
" true\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
" writeln!(\n"
" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
" \"[{}] {}\",\n"
" record.level(),\n"
" record.args()\n"
" )\n"
" .unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn flush(&self) {}\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), "
"SetLoggerError> {\n"
" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
"\n"
" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:50
msgid ""
"The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling "
"`set_logger`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:3
msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"mod logger;\n"
"mod pl011;\n"
"\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n"
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
"device,\n"
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" info!(\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\");\n"
"\n"
" assert_eq!(x1, 42);\n"
"\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[panic_handler]\n"
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
" error!(\"{info}\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:46
msgid "Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:47
msgid ""
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
"examples`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:3
msgid ""
"AArch64 defines an exception vector table with 16 entries, for 4 types of "
"exceptions (synchronous, IRQ, FIQ, SError) from 4 states (current EL with "
"SP0, current EL with SPx, lower EL using AArch64, lower EL using AArch32). "
"We implement this in assembly to save volatile registers to the stack before "
"calling into Rust code:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use log::error;\n"
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"irq_current\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"fiq_current\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"serr_current\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"sync_lower\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"irq_lower\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"serr_lower\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:64
msgid "EL is exception level; all our examples this afternoon run in EL1."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:65
msgid ""
"For simplicity we aren't distinguishing between SP0 and SPx for the current "
"EL exceptions, or between AArch32 and AArch64 for the lower EL exceptions."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:67
msgid ""
"For this example we just log the exception and power down, as we don't "
"expect any of them to actually happen."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:69
msgid ""
"We can think of exception handlers and our main execution context more or "
"less like different threads. [`Send` and `Sync`](../../concurrency/send-sync."
"md) will control what we can share between them, just like with threads. For "
"example, if we want to share some value between exception handlers and the "
"rest of the program, and it's `Send` but not `Sync`, then we'll need to wrap "
"it in something like a `Mutex` and put it in a static."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:3
msgid "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:4
msgid "\"coreboot without the C\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:5
msgid "Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:6
msgid "Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:7
msgid ""
"[Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-"
"raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:8
msgid ""
"Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, "
"exception handling, page tables"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:10
msgid ""
"Some dodginess around cache maintenance and initialisation in Rust, not "
"necessarily a good example to copy for production code."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:12
msgid "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:13
msgid "Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:17
msgid ""
"The RaspberryPi OS tutorial runs Rust code before the MMU and caches are "
"enabled. This will read and write memory (e.g. the stack). However:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:19
msgid ""
"Without the MMU and cache, unaligned accesses will fault. It builds with "
"`aarch64-unknown-none` which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler "
"generating unaligned accesses so it should be alright, but this is not "
"necessarily the case in general."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:22
msgid ""
"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The "
"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, "
"while the host has cachable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host "
"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache "
"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost. Again this is "
"alright in this particular case (running directly on the hardware with no "
"hypervisor), but isn't a good pattern in general."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:3
msgid ""
"We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal "
"programming."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:1
msgid "`zerocopy`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:3
msgid ""
"The [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) crate (from Fuchsia) provides "
"traits and macros for safely converting between byte sequences and other "
"types."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use zerocopy::AsBytes;\n"
"\n"
"#[repr(u32)]\n"
"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n"
"enum RequestType {\n"
" #[default]\n"
" In = 0,\n"
" Out = 1,\n"
" Flush = 4,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[repr(C)]\n"
"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n"
"struct VirtioBlockRequest {\n"
" request_type: RequestType,\n"
" reserved: u32,\n"
" sector: u64,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let request = VirtioBlockRequest {\n"
" request_type: RequestType::Flush,\n"
" sector: 42,\n"
" ..Default::default()\n"
" };\n"
"\n"
" assert_eq!(\n"
" request.as_bytes(),\n"
" &[4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n"
" );\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:40
msgid ""
"This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), "
"but can be useful for working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by "
"DMA, or sent over some external interface."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:45
msgid ""
"`FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is "
"valid, and so can safely be converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:47
msgid ""
"Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because "
"`RequestType` doesn't use all possible u32 values as discriminants, so not "
"all byte patterns are valid."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:49
msgid ""
"`zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:50
msgid ""
"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
"zerocopy-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate "
"dependency.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:1
msgid "`aarch64-paging`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:3
msgid ""
"The [`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) crate lets "
"you create page tables according to the AArch64 Virtual Memory System "
"Architecture."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use aarch64_paging::{\n"
" idmap::IdMap,\n"
" paging::{Attributes, MemoryRegion},\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"const ASID: usize = 1;\n"
"const ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;\n"
"\n"
"// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n"
"let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);\n"
"// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n"
"idmap.map_range(\n"
" &MemoryRegion::new(0x80200000, 0x80400000),\n"
" Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,\n"
").unwrap();\n"
"// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n"
"idmap.activate();\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:28
msgid ""
"For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels should "
"be straightforward to add."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:30
msgid ""
"This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware](https://cs.android."
"com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:packages/modules/Virtualization/"
"pvmfw/)."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:31
msgid ""
"There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real hardware "
"or under QEMU."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:1
msgid "`buddy_system_allocator`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:3
msgid ""
"[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator) "
"is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator. It can "
"be used both for [`LockedHeap`](https://docs.rs/buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/"
"buddy_system_allocator/struct.LockedHeap.html) implementing [`GlobalAlloc`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html) so you can use "
"the standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before](../alloc.md)), or for "
"allocating other address space. For example, we might want to allocate MMIO "
"space for PCI BARs:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use buddy_system_allocator::FrameAllocator;\n"
"use core::alloc::Layout;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut allocator = FrameAllocator::<32>::new();\n"
" allocator.add_frame(0x200_0000, 0x400_0000);\n"
"\n"
" let layout = Layout::from_size_align(0x100, 0x100).unwrap();\n"
" let bar = allocator\n"
" .alloc_aligned(layout)\n"
" .expect(\"Failed to allocate 0x100 byte MMIO region\");\n"
" println!(\"Allocated 0x100 byte MMIO region at {:#x}\", bar);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:26
msgid "PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:27
msgid ""
"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
"allocator-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate "
"dependency.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:1
msgid "`tinyvec`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:3
msgid ""
"Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without "
"heap allocation. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec) provides "
"this: a vector backed by an array or slice, which could be statically "
"allocated or on the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used "
"and panics if you try to use more than are allocated."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use tinyvec::{array_vec, ArrayVec};\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut numbers: ArrayVec<[u32; 5]> = array_vec!(42, 66);\n"
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
" numbers.push(7);\n"
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
" numbers.remove(1);\n"
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:23
msgid ""
"`tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for "
"initialisation."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:24
msgid ""
"The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine inline."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`spin`"
msgstr "«στατικό»."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:3
msgid ""
"`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` "
"are not available in `core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or "
"interior mutability, such as for sharing state between different CPUs?"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:7
msgid ""
"The [`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) crate provides spinlock-based "
"equivalents of many of these primitives."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:9
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
"\n"
"static counter: SpinMutex<u32> = SpinMutex::new(0);\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n"
" *counter.lock() += 2;\n"
" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:23
msgid "Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:24
msgid ""
"`spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of `RwLock`, "
"`Barrier` and `Once` from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:26
msgid ""
"The [`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell) crate also has some "
"useful types for late initialisation with a slightly different approach to "
"`spin::once::Once`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:28
msgid ""
"The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/android.md:3
msgid ""
"To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a "
"`rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` "
"with a linker script to produce the binary itself, and then a `raw_binary` "
"to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/android.md:7
msgid ""
"```soong\n"
"rust_ffi_static {\n"
" name: \"libvmbase_example\",\n"
" defaults: [\"vmbase_ffi_defaults\"],\n"
" crate_name: \"vmbase_example\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
" rustlibs: [\n"
" \"libvmbase\",\n"
" ],\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"cc_binary {\n"
" name: \"vmbase_example\",\n"
" defaults: [\"vmbase_elf_defaults\"],\n"
" srcs: [\n"
" \"idmap.S\",\n"
" ],\n"
" static_libs: [\n"
" \"libvmbase_example\",\n"
" ],\n"
" linker_scripts: [\n"
" \"image.ld\",\n"
" \":vmbase_sections\",\n"
" ],\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"raw_binary {\n"
" name: \"vmbase_example_bin\",\n"
" stem: \"vmbase_example.bin\",\n"
" src: \":vmbase_example\",\n"
" enabled: false,\n"
" target: {\n"
" android_arm64: {\n"
" enabled: true,\n"
" },\n"
" },\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:3
msgid ""
"For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase](https://android."
"googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Virtualization/+/refs/heads/"
"master/vmbase/) library provides a linker script and useful defaults for the "
"build rules, along with an entry point, UART console logging and more."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"use vmbase::{main, println};\n"
"\n"
"main!(main);\n"
"\n"
"pub fn main(arg0: u64, arg1: u64, arg2: u64, arg3: u64) {\n"
" println!(\"Hello world\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:21
msgid ""
"The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` "
"entry point."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:22
msgid ""
"The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a "
"PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown the VM if your main function returns."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:3
msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:1
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:3
msgid "RTC driver"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:3
msgid ""
"The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031](https://developer.arm.com/"
"documentation/ddi0224/c) real-time clock at 0x9010000. For this exercise, "
"you should write a driver for it."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:6
msgid ""
"Use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use the "
"[`chrono`](https://crates.io/crates/chrono) crate for date/time formatting."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:8
msgid ""
"Use the match register and raw interrupt status to busy-wait until a given "
"time, e.g. 3 seconds in the future. (Call [`core::hint::spin_loop`](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/core/hint/fn.spin_loop.html) inside the loop.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:10
msgid ""
"_Extension if you have time:_ Enable and handle the interrupt generated by "
"the RTC match. You can use the driver provided in the [`arm-gic`](https://"
"docs.rs/arm-gic/) crate to configure the Arm Generic Interrupt Controller."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:12
msgid "Use the RTC interrupt, which is wired to the GIC as `IntId::spi(2)`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:13
msgid ""
"Once the interrupt is enabled, you can put the core to sleep via `arm_gic::"
"wfi()`, which will cause the core to sleep until it receives an interrupt."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:16
msgid ""
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and "
"look in the `rtc` directory for the following files."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:23
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"mod logger;\n"
"mod pl011;\n"
"\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n"
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n"
"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n"
"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
"device,\n"
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the "
"base\n"
" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n"
" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n"
" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, "
"GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
" gic.setup();\n"
"\n"
" // TODO: Create instance of RTC driver and print current time.\n"
"\n"
" // TODO: Wait for 3 seconds.\n"
"\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[panic_handler]\n"
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
" error!(\"{info}\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:75
msgid ""
"`src/exceptions.rs` (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of "
"the exercise):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:79
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
"use log::{error, info, trace};\n"
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" trace!(\"irq_current\");\n"
" let intid = GicV3::get_and_acknowledge_interrupt().expect(\"No pending "
"interrupt\");\n"
" info!(\"IRQ {intid:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"fiq_current\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"serr_current\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"sync_lower\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"irq_lower\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"serr_lower\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:149
msgid "`src/logger.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:153
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
"\n"
"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"struct Logger {\n"
" uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Log for Logger {\n"
" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
" true\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
" writeln!(\n"
" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
" \"[{}] {}\",\n"
" record.level(),\n"
" record.args()\n"
" )\n"
" .unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn flush(&self) {}\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), "
"SetLoggerError> {\n"
" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
"\n"
" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:210
msgid "`src/pl011.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:214
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"#![allow(unused)]\n"
"\n"
"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n"
"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Flags\n"
"use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
"\n"
"bitflags! {\n"
" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
" struct Flags: u16 {\n"
" /// Clear to send.\n"
" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
" /// Data set ready.\n"
" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
" /// Data carrier detect.\n"
" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
" /// Ring indicator.\n"
" const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n"
"\n"
"bitflags! {\n"
" /// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n"
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
" struct ReceiveStatus: u16 {\n"
" /// Framing error.\n"
" const FE = 1 << 0;\n"
" /// Parity error.\n"
" const PE = 1 << 1;\n"
" /// Break error.\n"
" const BE = 1 << 2;\n"
" /// Overrun error.\n"
" const OE = 1 << 3;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Registers\n"
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
"struct Registers {\n"
" dr: u16,\n"
" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n"
" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n"
" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n"
" fr: Flags,\n"
" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n"
" ilpr: u8,\n"
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
" ibrd: u16,\n"
" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n"
" fbrd: u8,\n"
" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n"
" lcr_h: u8,\n"
" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n"
" cr: u16,\n"
" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n"
" ifls: u8,\n"
" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n"
" imsc: u16,\n"
" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n"
" ris: u16,\n"
" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n"
" mis: u16,\n"
" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n"
" icr: u16,\n"
" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n"
" dmacr: u8,\n"
" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Uart\n"
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"pub struct Uart {\n"
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Uart {\n"
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at "
"the\n"
" /// given base address.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// # Safety\n"
" ///\n"
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of "
"a\n"
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
"process\n"
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
" Self {\n"
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been "
"received.\n"
" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
" None\n"
" } else {\n"
" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)."
"read_volatile() };\n"
" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
" Some(data as u8)\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n"
"\n"
"impl Write for Uart {\n"
" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
" self.write_byte(*c);\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(())\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
"// accessed from any context.\n"
"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:389
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[workspace]\n"
"\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"rtc\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"publish = false\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"arm-gic = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"bitflags = \"2.0.0\"\n"
"chrono = { version = \"0.4.24\", default-features = false }\n"
"log = \"0.4.17\"\n"
"smccc = \"0.1.1\"\n"
"spin = \"0.9.8\"\n"
"\n"
"[build-dependencies]\n"
"cc = \"1.0.73\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:410
msgid "`build.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:414
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"use cc::Build;\n"
"use std::env;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" #[cfg(target_os = \"linux\")]\n"
" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-linux-gnu\");\n"
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"linux\"))]\n"
" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-none-elf\");\n"
"\n"
" Build::new()\n"
" .file(\"entry.S\")\n"
" .file(\"exceptions.S\")\n"
" .file(\"idmap.S\")\n"
" .compile(\"empty\")\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:446
msgid "`entry.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:450
msgid ""
"```armasm\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
".macro adr_l, reg:req, sym:req\n"
"\tadrp \\reg, \\sym\n"
"\tadd \\reg, \\reg, :lo12:\\sym\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
".macro mov_i, reg:req, imm:req\n"
"\tmovz \\reg, :abs_g3:\\imm\n"
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g2_nc:\\imm\n"
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g1_nc:\\imm\n"
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g0_nc:\\imm\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
".set .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE,\t0x04\n"
".set .L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA,\t0xff\n"
".set .Lmairval, .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE | (.L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA << 8)\n"
"\n"
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR0_EL1. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_TG0_4KB, 0x0 << 14\n"
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR1_EL1. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_TG1_4KB, 0x2 << 30\n"
"/* Disable translation table walk for TTBR1_EL1, generating a translation "
"fault instead. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_EPD1, 0x1 << 23\n"
"/* Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner sharable. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_SH_INNER, 0x3 << 12\n"
"/*\n"
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are outer write-back read-allocate "
"write-allocate\n"
" * cacheable.\n"
" */\n"
".set .L_TCR_RGN_OWB, 0x1 << 10\n"
"/*\n"
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner write-back read-allocate "
"write-allocate\n"
" * cacheable.\n"
" */\n"
".set .L_TCR_RGN_IWB, 0x1 << 8\n"
"/* Size offset for TTBR0_EL1 is 2**39 bytes (512 GiB). */\n"
".set .L_TCR_T0SZ_512, 64 - 39\n"
".set .Ltcrval, .L_TCR_TG0_4KB | .L_TCR_TG1_4KB | .L_TCR_EPD1 | ."
"L_TCR_RGN_OWB\n"
".set .Ltcrval, .Ltcrval | .L_TCR_RGN_IWB | .L_TCR_SH_INNER | ."
"L_TCR_T0SZ_512\n"
"\n"
"/* Stage 1 instruction access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_I, 0x1 << 12\n"
"/* SP alignment fault if SP is not aligned to a 16 byte boundary. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA, 0x1 << 3\n"
"/* Stage 1 data access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_C, 0x1 << 2\n"
"/* EL0 and EL1 stage 1 MMU enabled. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_M, 0x1 << 0\n"
"/* Privileged Access Never is unchanged on taking an exception to EL1. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0x1 << 23\n"
"/* SETEND instruction disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0x1 << 8\n"
"/* Various IT instructions are disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD, 0x1 << 7\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1, (0x1 << 11) | (0x1 << 20) | (0x1 << 22) | (0x1 << "
"28) | (0x1 << 29)\n"
".set .Lsctlrval, .L_SCTLR_ELx_M | .L_SCTLR_ELx_C | .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA | ."
"L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED\n"
".set .Lsctlrval, .Lsctlrval | .L_SCTLR_ELx_I | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN | ."
"L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * This is a generic entry point for an image. It carries out the operations "
"required to prepare the\n"
" * loaded image to be run. Specifically, it zeroes the bss section using "
"registers x25 and above,\n"
" * prepares the stack, enables floating point, and sets up the exception "
"vector. It preserves x0-x3\n"
" * for the Rust entry point, as these may contain boot parameters.\n"
" */\n"
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
".global entry\n"
"entry:\n"
"\t/* Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable MMU "
"and caches. */\n"
"\tadrp x30, idmap\n"
"\tmsr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\tmov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
"\tmsr mair_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\tmov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
"\t/* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
"\tmrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
"\tbfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
"\n"
"\tmsr tcr_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\tmov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate any "
"potentially stale\n"
"\t * local TLB entries before they start being used.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\ttlbi vmalle1\n"
"\tic iallu\n"
"\tdsb nsh\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until "
"this has completed.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\tmsr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
"\tmrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
"\torr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
"\tmsr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
"\tadr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
"\tadr_l x30, bss_end\n"
"0:\tcmp x29, x30\n"
"\tb.hs 1f\n"
"\tstp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
"\tb 0b\n"
"\n"
"1:\t/* Prepare the stack. */\n"
"\tadr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
"\tmov sp, x30\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Set up exception vector. */\n"
"\tadr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
"\tmsr vbar_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Call into Rust code. */\n"
"\tbl main\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
"2:\twfi\n"
"\tb 2b\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:595
msgid "`exceptions.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:599
msgid ""
"```armasm\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * Saves the volatile registers onto the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers with 18 "
"instructions\n"
" * left.\n"
" *\n"
" * On return, x0 and x1 are initialised to elr_el2 and spsr_el2 "
"respectively,\n"
" * which can be used as the first and second arguments of a subsequent "
"call.\n"
" */\n"
".macro save_volatile_to_stack\n"
"\t/* Reserve stack space and save registers x0-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #-(8 * 24)]!\n"
"\tstp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
"\tstp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
"\tstp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
"\tstp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
"\tstp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
"\tstp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
"\tstp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
"\tstp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
"\tstr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
"\tstp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Save elr_el1 & spsr_el1. This such that we can take nested exception\n"
"\t * and still be able to unwind.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\tmrs x0, elr_el1\n"
"\tmrs x1, spsr_el1\n"
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * Restores the volatile registers from the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers while still leaving "
"18\n"
" * instructions left; if paired with save_volatile_to_stack, there are 4\n"
" * instructions to spare.\n"
" */\n"
".macro restore_volatile_from_stack\n"
"\t/* Restore registers x2-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
"\tldp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
"\tldp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
"\tldp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
"\tldp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
"\tldp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
"\tldp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
"\tldp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
"\tldp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
"\tldr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
"\tldp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Restore registers elr_el1 & spsr_el1, using x0 & x1 as scratch. */\n"
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
"\tmsr elr_el1, x0\n"
"\tmsr spsr_el1, x1\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Restore x0 & x1, and release stack space. */\n"
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp], #8 * 24\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while "
"using\n"
" * SP0. It behaves similarly to the SPx case by first switching to SPx, "
"doing\n"
" * the work, then switching back to SP0 before returning.\n"
" *\n"
" * Switching to SPx and calling the Rust handler takes 16 instructions. To\n"
" * restore and return we need an additional 16 instructions, so we can "
"implement\n"
" * the whole handler within the allotted 32 instructions.\n"
" */\n"
".macro current_exception_sp0 handler:req\n"
"\tmsr spsel, #1\n"
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
"\tbl \\handler\n"
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
"\tmsr spsel, #0\n"
"\teret\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while "
"using\n"
" * SPx. It saves volatile registers, calls the Rust handler, restores "
"volatile\n"
" * registers, then returns.\n"
" *\n"
" * This also works for exceptions taken from EL0, if we don't care about\n"
" * non-volatile registers.\n"
" *\n"
" * Saving state and jumping to the Rust handler takes 15 instructions, and\n"
" * restoring and returning also takes 15 instructions, so we can fit the "
"whole\n"
" * handler in 30 instructions, under the limit of 32.\n"
" */\n"
".macro current_exception_spx handler:req\n"
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
"\tbl \\handler\n"
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
"\teret\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
".section .text.vector_table_el1, \"ax\"\n"
".global vector_table_el1\n"
".balign 0x800\n"
"vector_table_el1:\n"
"sync_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 sync_exception_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 irq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 fiq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 serr_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"sync_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_exception_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"sync_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"sync_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:780
msgid "`idmap.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:784
msgid ""
"```armasm\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
".set .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK, 0x1\n"
".set .L_TT_TYPE_PAGE, 0x3\n"
".set .L_TT_TYPE_TABLE, 0x3\n"
"\n"
"/* Access flag. */\n"
".set .L_TT_AF, 0x1 << 10\n"
"/* Not global. */\n"
".set .L_TT_NG, 0x1 << 11\n"
".set .L_TT_XN, 0x3 << 53\n"
"\n"
".set .L_TT_MT_DEV, 0x0 << 2\t\t\t// MAIR #0 (DEV_nGnRE)\n"
".set .L_TT_MT_MEM, (0x1 << 2) | (0x3 << 8)\t// MAIR #1 (MEM_WBWA), inner "
"shareable\n"
"\n"
".set .L_BLOCK_DEV, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_DEV | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_XN\n"
".set .L_BLOCK_MEM, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_MEM | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_NG\n"
"\n"
".section \".rodata.idmap\", \"a\", %progbits\n"
".global idmap\n"
".align 12\n"
"idmap:\n"
"\t/* level 1 */\n"
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x0\t\t // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_MEM | 0x40000000\t// 1 GiB of DRAM\n"
"\t.fill\t\t254, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 254 GiB of unmapped VA space\n"
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x4000000000 // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
"\t.fill\t\t255, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 255 GiB of remaining VA space\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:829
msgid "`image.ld` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:833
msgid ""
"```ld\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
"/*\n"
" * Code will start running at this symbol which is placed at the start of "
"the\n"
" * image.\n"
" */\n"
"ENTRY(entry)\n"
"\n"
"MEMORY\n"
"{\n"
"\timage : ORIGIN = 0x40080000, LENGTH = 2M\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"SECTIONS\n"
"{\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Collect together the code.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t.init : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\ttext_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.init.entry)\n"
"\t\t*(.init.*)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\t.text : {\n"
"\t\t*(.text.*)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\ttext_end = .;\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Collect together read-only data.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t.rodata : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\trodata_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.rodata.*)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\t.got : {\n"
"\t\t*(.got)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\trodata_end = .;\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Collect together the read-write data including .bss at the end which\n"
"\t * will be zero'd by the entry code.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t.data : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\tdata_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.data.*)\n"
"\t\t/*\n"
"\t\t * The entry point code assumes that .data is a multiple of 32\n"
"\t\t * bytes long.\n"
"\t\t */\n"
"\t\t. = ALIGN(32);\n"
"\t\tdata_end = .;\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Everything beyond this point will not be included in the binary. */\n"
"\tbin_end = .;\n"
"\n"
"\t/* The entry point code assumes that .bss is 16-byte aligned. */\n"
"\t.bss : ALIGN(16) {\n"
"\t\tbss_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.bss.*)\n"
"\t\t*(COMMON)\n"
"\t\t. = ALIGN(16);\n"
"\t\tbss_end = .;\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\n"
"\t.stack (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\tboot_stack_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t. += 40 * 4096;\n"
"\t\t. = ALIGN(4096);\n"
"\t\tboot_stack_end = .;\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\n"
"\t. = ALIGN(4K);\n"
"\tPROVIDE(dma_region = .);\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Remove unused sections from the image.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t/DISCARD/ : {\n"
"\t\t/* The image loads itself so doesn't need these sections. */\n"
"\t\t*(.gnu.hash)\n"
"\t\t*(.hash)\n"
"\t\t*(.interp)\n"
"\t\t*(.eh_frame_hdr)\n"
"\t\t*(.eh_frame)\n"
"\t\t*(.note.gnu.build-id)\n"
"\t}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:940
msgid "`Makefile` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:944
msgid ""
"```makefile\n"
"# Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"#\n"
"# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"#\n"
"# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"#\n"
"# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"# limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"UNAME := $(shell uname -s)\n"
"ifeq ($(UNAME),Linux)\n"
"\tTARGET = aarch64-linux-gnu\n"
"else\n"
"\tTARGET = aarch64-none-elf\n"
"endif\n"
"OBJCOPY = $(TARGET)-objcopy\n"
"\n"
".PHONY: build qemu_minimal qemu qemu_logger\n"
"\n"
"all: rtc.bin\n"
"\n"
"build:\n"
"\tcargo build\n"
"\n"
"rtc.bin: build\n"
"\t$(OBJCOPY) -O binary target/aarch64-unknown-none/debug/rtc $@\n"
"\n"
"qemu: rtc.bin\n"
"\tqemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,gic-version=3 -cpu max -serial mon:stdio "
"-display none -kernel $< -s\n"
"\n"
"clean:\n"
"\tcargo clean\n"
"\trm -f *.bin\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:989
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[build]\n"
"target = \"aarch64-unknown-none\"\n"
"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Timage.ld\"]\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:995
msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Welcome to Concurrency in Rust"
msgstr "Καλώς ήρθατε στην Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
#: src/concurrency.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and "
"channels."
msgstr ""
"Το Rust έχει πλήρη υποστήριξη για ταυτόχρονη χρήση νημάτων λειτουργικού "
"συστήματος με mutexes και καναλιών."
#: src/concurrency.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs "
"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since "
"you can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime."
msgstr ""
"Το σύστημα τύπου Rust παίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στη δημιουργία πολλών σφαλμάτων "
"συγχρονισμού μεταγλώττιση χρονικών σφαλμάτων. Αυτό αναφέρεται συχνά ως "
"_ατρόμητος συγχρονισμός_ αφού εσείς μπορεί να βασιστεί στον μεταγλωττιστή "
"για να διασφαλίσει την ορθότητα κατά το χρόνο εκτέλεσης."
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:"
msgstr "Τα νήματα σκουριάς λειτουργούν παρόμοια με τα νήματα σε άλλες γλώσσες:"
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" thread::spawn(|| {\n"
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
" println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n"
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
" }\n"
" });\n"
"\n"
" for i in 1..5 {\n"
" println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n"
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them."
msgstr "Τα νήματα είναι όλα νήματα δαίμονα, το κύριο νήμα δεν τα περιμένει."
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "Thread panics are independent of each other."
msgstr "Οι πανικοί των νημάτων είναι ανεξάρτητοι ο ένας από τον άλλο."
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`."
msgstr ""
"Οι πανικοί μπορούν να μεταφέρουν ένα ωφέλιμο φορτίο, το οποίο μπορεί να "
"αποσυμπιεστεί με το «downcast_ref»."
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:32
msgid ""
"Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread is "
"not waiting."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:35
msgid ""
"Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for "
"the thread to finish."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:38
msgid "Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:40
msgid ""
"Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the "
"panic payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`](https://doc.rust-"
"lang.org/std/any/index.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:"
msgstr "Τα κανονικά νήματα δεν μπορούν να δανειστούν από το περιβάλλον τους:"
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"\n"
"fn foo() {\n"
" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
" thread::spawn(|| {\n"
" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
" });\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" foo();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"However, you can use a [scoped thread](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/"
"fn.scope.html) for this:"
msgstr ""
"Ωστόσο, μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε ένα [νήμα εμβέλειας](https://doc.rust-"
"lang.org/std/thread/fn.scope.html) για αυτό:"
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:22
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
"\n"
" thread::scope(|scope| {\n"
" scope.spawn(|| {\n"
" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
" });\n"
" });\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all "
"the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed data."
msgstr "\\<λεπτομέρειες>"
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one "
"thread, or immutably by any number of threads."
msgstr ""
"Ο λόγος για αυτό είναι ότι όταν ολοκληρωθεί η συνάρτηση `thread::scope`, όλα "
"τα νήματα είναι εγγυημένα ότι θα ενωθούν, ώστε να μπορούν να επιστρέψουν τα "
"δεδομένα που έχουν δανειστεί.\n"
"\n"
"Ισχύουν οι κανονικοί κανόνες δανεισμού Rust: μπορείτε είτε να δανειστείτε "
"μεταλλάξιμα με ένα νήμα ή αμετάβλητα με οποιονδήποτε αριθμό νημάτων."
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender<T>` and a `Receiver<T>`. The two "
"parts are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points."
msgstr ""
"Τα κανάλια Rust έχουν δύο μέρη: ένα \"Αποστολέας\n"
"\n"
"\" και ένα \"Δέκτης\n"
"\n"
"\". Τα δύο μέρη συνδέονται μέσω του καναλιού, αλλά βλέπετε μόνο τα τελικά "
"σημεία."
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
"\n"
" tx.send(10).unwrap();\n"
" tx.send(20).unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
"\n"
" let tx2 = tx.clone();\n"
" tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n"
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` "
"implement `Clone` (so you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does "
"not."
msgstr ""
"Το «mpsc» σημαίνει Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. Το \"Sender\" και το "
"\"SyncSender\" υλοποιούν το \"Clone\" (έτσι μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε "
"πολλούς παραγωγούς) αλλά ο «Δέκτης» όχι."
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the "
"counterpart `Sender` or `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed."
msgstr ""
"Το \"send()\" και το \"recv()\" επιστρέφουν \"Αποτέλεσμα\". Εάν επιστρέψουν "
"\"Err\", σημαίνει το αντίστοιχο \"Αποστολέας\" ή Ο \"δέκτης\" πέφτει και το "
"κανάλι είναι κλειστό."
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:"
msgstr "Λαμβάνετε ένα απεριόριστο και ασύγχρονο κανάλι με `mpsc::channel()`:"
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
"\n"
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
" });\n"
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
"\n"
" for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"With bounded (synchronous) channels, `send` can block the current thread:"
msgstr ""
"Τα περιορισμένα και τα σύγχρονα κανάλια κάνουν το \"send\" να μπλοκάρει το "
"τρέχον νήμα:"
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);\n"
"\n"
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
" });\n"
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
"\n"
" for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:31
msgid ""
"Calling `send` will block the current thread until there is space in the "
"channel for the new message. The thread can be blocked indefinitely if there "
"is nobody who reads from the channel."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:32
msgid ""
"A call to `send` will abort with an error (that is why it returns `Result`) "
"if the channel is closed. A channel is closed when the receiver is dropped."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:33
msgid ""
"A bounded channel with a size of zero is called a \"rendezvous channel\". "
"Every send will block the current thread until another thread calls `read`."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Send` and `Sync`"
msgstr "«Αποστολή» και «Συγχρονισμός»."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"How does Rust know to forbid shared access across thread? The answer is in "
"two traits:"
msgstr ""
"Πώς γνωρίζει η Rust ότι απαγορεύει την κοινόχρηστη πρόσβαση σε όλα τα "
"νήματα; Η απάντηση είναι σε δύο χαρακτηριστικά:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): a type `T` "
"is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread boundary."
msgstr ""
"[\"Αποστολή\"](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): ένας "
"τύπος \"T\" είναι \"Αποστολή\" εάν είναι ασφαλές να μετακινήσετε ένα \"T\" "
"σε ένα νήμα Όριο."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): a type `T` "
"is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread boundary."
msgstr ""
"[\"Συγχρονισμός\"](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): "
"ένας τύπος \"T\" είναι \"Συγχρονισμός\" εάν είναι ασφαλές να μετακινήσετε "
"ένα \"&T\" σε ένα νήμα Όριο."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). The "
"compiler will automatically derive them for your types as long as they only "
"contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when "
"you know it is valid."
msgstr ""
"Η \"Αποστολή\" και η \"Συγχρονισμός\" είναι [μη ασφαλή χαρακτηριστικά](../"
"unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). Ο μεταγλωττιστής θα τα παράγει αυτόματα για τους "
"τύπους σας εφόσον περιέχουν μόνο τύπους «Αποστολή» και «Συγχρονισμός». "
"Μπορείτε επίσης να τα εφαρμόσετε χειροκίνητα όταν το κάνετε να ξέρεις ότι "
"ισχύει."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-"
"safety properties."
msgstr ""
"Κάποιος μπορεί να σκεφτεί αυτά τα χαρακτηριστικά ως δείκτες ότι ο τύπος έχει "
"ορισμένες ιδιότητες ασφαλείας νήματος."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits."
msgstr ""
"Μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν στους γενικούς περιορισμούς ως φυσιολογικά "
"χαρακτηριστικά."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Send`"
msgstr "«Αποστολή»."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A type `T` is [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) "
"if it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread."
msgstr ""
"Ένας τύπος `T` είναι [`Αποστολή`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait."
"Send.html) εάν είναι ασφαλές να μετακινήσετε μια τιμή `T` σε άλλο νήμα."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will "
"run in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one "
"thread and deallocate it in another."
msgstr ""
"Το αποτέλεσμα της μετακίνησης ιδιοκτησίας σε άλλο νήμα είναι ότι οι "
"_destructors_ θα εκτελεστούν σε αυτό το νήμα. Το ερώτημα λοιπόν είναι πότε "
"μπορείτε να εκχωρήσετε μια τιμή σε ένα νήμα και να το διαθέσει σε άλλο."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:13
msgid ""
"As an example, a connection to the SQLite library must only be accessed from "
"a single thread."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Sync`"
msgstr "`Συγχρονισμός`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A type `T` is [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) "
"if it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple threads at the same time."
msgstr ""
"Ένας τύπος `T` είναι [`Συγχρονισμός`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/"
"trait.Sync.html) εάν είναι ασφαλής η πρόσβαση σε μια τιμή `T` από πολλαπλές "
"νήματα ταυτόχρονα."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "More precisely, the definition is:"
msgstr "Πιο συγκεκριμένα, ο ορισμός είναι:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "`T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`"
msgstr ""
"Το \"T\" είναι \"Συγχρονισμός\" εάν και μόνο εάν το \"&T\" είναι "
"\"Αποστολή\"."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is "
"thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it "
"across threads."
msgstr ""
"Αυτή η δήλωση είναι ουσιαστικά ένας συνοπτικός τρόπος για να πούμε ότι εάν "
"ένας τύπος είναι ασφαλής ως προς το νήμα για κοινόχρηστη χρήση, είναι επίσης "
"ασφαλές για το νήμα να μεταβιβάζονται οι αναφορές του στα νήματα."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across "
"multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization "
"issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type "
"is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references can "
"be accessed from any thread safely."
msgstr ""
"Αυτό συμβαίνει επειδή εάν ένας τύπος είναι Sync σημαίνει ότι μπορεί να "
"κοινοποιηθεί σε πολλά νήματα χωρίς τον κίνδυνο φυλών δεδομένων ή άλλων "
"προβλημάτων συγχρονισμού, επομένως είναι ασφαλές να τον μετακινήσετε σε άλλο "
"νήμα. Μια αναφορά στον τύπο είναι επίσης ασφαλής να μετακινηθεί σε άλλο "
"νήμα, επειδή τα δεδομένα που παραπέμπει είναι προσβάσιμα από οποιοδήποτε "
"νήμα με ασφάλεια."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Send + Sync`"
msgstr "«Αποστολή + Συγχρονισμός»."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:"
msgstr "Οι περισσότεροι τύποι που συναντάτε είναι «Αποστολή + Συγχρονισμός»:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7
msgid "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:8
msgid "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:9
msgid "`String`, `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `Box<T>`, ..."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:10
msgid "`Arc<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:11
msgid "`Mutex<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:12
msgid "`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are "
"`Send + Sync`."
msgstr ""
"Οι γενικοί τύποι είναι συνήθως «Αποστολή + Συγχρονισμός» όταν οι παράμετροι "
"τύπου είναι «Αποστολή + Συγχρονισμός»."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Send + !Sync`"
msgstr "`Αποστολή + !Συγχρονισμός`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe. "
"Typically because of interior mutability:"
msgstr ""
"Αυτοί οι τύποι μπορούν να μετακινηθούν σε άλλα νήματα, αλλά δεν είναι "
"ασφαλείς για νήματα. Τυπικά λόγω της εσωτερικής μεταβλητότητας:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "`mpsc::Sender<T>`"
msgstr "`mpsc::Αποστολέας<T>`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
msgstr "`mpsc::Δέκτης<T>`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Cell<T>`"
msgstr "`Κελλί<T>`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "`RefCell<T>`"
msgstr "`RefCell<T>`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "`!Send + Sync`"
msgstr "`!Αποστολή + Συγχρονισμός`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:"
msgstr ""
"Αυτοί οι τύποι είναι ασφαλείς για νήμα, αλλά δεν μπορούν να μετακινηθούν σε "
"άλλο νήμα:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`MutexGuard<T>`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on the "
"thread which created them."
msgstr ""
"`MutexGuard<T>`: Χρησιμοποιεί πρωτόγονα επιπέδου λειτουργικού συστήματος που "
"πρέπει να κατανεμηθούν στο νήμα που τα δημιούργησε."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "`!Send + !Sync`"
msgstr "`!Αποστολή + !Συγχρονισμός`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:"
msgstr ""
"Αυτοί οι τύποι δεν είναι ασφαλείς για νήμα και δεν μπορούν να μετακινηθούν "
"σε άλλα νήματα:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Rc<T>`: each `Rc<T>` has a reference to an `RcBox<T>`, which contains a non-"
"atomic reference count."
msgstr "`Rc<T>`: κάθε «Rc"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special concurrency "
"considerations."
msgstr ""
"» έχει μια αναφορά σε ένα «RcBox\n"
"\n"
"», το οποίο περιέχει ένα μη ατομική μέτρηση αναφοράς.\n"
"\n"
"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Το Rust υποθέτει ότι οι ακατέργαστοι δείκτες μπορεί να "
"έχουν ειδικούς ζητήματα ταυτόχρονης ύπαρξης."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is "
"primarily done via two types:"
msgstr ""
"Το Rust χρησιμοποιεί το σύστημα τύπων για να επιβάλει το συγχρονισμό των "
"κοινόχρηστων δεδομένων. Αυτό είναι γίνεται κυρίως μέσω δύο τύπων:"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), atomic "
"reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and takes care to "
"deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped,"
msgstr ""
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), η ατομική "
"αναφορά μετράται ως \"T\": χειρίζεται την κοινή χρήση μεταξύ νημάτων και "
"φροντίζει να κατανείμει το \"T\" όταν απορριφθεί η τελευταία αναφορά,"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): ensures "
"mutually exclusive access to the `T` value."
msgstr ""
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): "
"εξασφαλίζει αμοιβαία αποκλειστική πρόσβαση στην τιμή \"T\"."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Arc`"
msgstr "«Τόξο»."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) allows shared "
"read-only access via `Arc::clone`:"
msgstr ""
"Το [`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) επιτρέπει "
"την κοινόχρηστη πρόσβαση μόνο για ανάγνωση μέσω της μεθόδου \"clone\" του:"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n"
" for _ in 1..5 {\n"
" let v = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n"
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n"
" }));\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n"
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` "
"that uses atomic operations."
msgstr ""
"Το \"Arc\" σημαίνει \"Atomic Reference Counted\", μια ασφαλής έκδοση νημάτων "
"του \"Rc\" που χρησιμοποιεί ατομική επιχειρήσεις."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Arc<T>` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` "
"and `Sync` if and only if `T` implements them both."
msgstr "Το \"Arc"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but "
"after that the use of the `T` is free."
msgstr ""
"\" υλοποιεί το \"Clone\" είτε το κάνει το \"T\" είτε όχι. Εφαρμόζει "
"«Αποστολή» και «Συγχρονισμός» αν «T». τα εφαρμόζει και τα δύο."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect "
"them."
msgstr ""
"Το \"Arc::clone()\" έχει το κόστος των ατομικών λειτουργιών που εκτελούνται, "
"αλλά μετά από αυτό η χρήση του Το \"T\" είναι δωρεάν."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "`std::sync::Weak` can help."
msgstr ""
"Προσοχή στους κύκλους αναφοράς, το «Arc» δεν χρησιμοποιεί συλλέκτη "
"σκουπιδιών για να τους εντοπίσει.\n"
"\n"
"Το `std::sync::Weak` μπορεί να βοηθήσει."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Mutex`"
msgstr "«Mutex»."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) ensures "
"mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T` behind a read-only "
"interface:"
msgstr ""
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) "
"διασφαλίζει την αμοιβαία εξαίρεση _και_ επιτρέπει τη μεταβλητή πρόσβαση στο "
"\"T\" πίσω από μια διεπαφή μόνο για ανάγνωση:"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::Mutex;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
"\n"
" {\n"
" let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
" guard.push(40);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Notice how we have a [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-"
"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E) blanket "
"implementation."
msgstr ""
"Παρατηρήστε πώς έχουμε μια κουβέρτα [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-"
"Mutex%3CT%3E) εκτέλεση."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element - the "
"protected data."
msgstr "\\<λεπτομέρειες>"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the "
"protected data."
msgstr ""
"Το \"Mutex\" στο Rust μοιάζει με μια συλλογή με ένα μόνο στοιχείο - τα "
"προστατευμένα δεδομένα."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex<T>` by taking the lock. The "
"`MutexGuard` ensures that the `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held."
msgstr ""
"Δεν είναι δυνατό να ξεχάσετε να αποκτήσετε το mutex πριν αποκτήσετε πρόσβαση "
"στα προστατευμένα δεδομένα."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Mutex<T>` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff (if and only if) `T` "
"implements `Send`."
msgstr "Μπορείτε να πάρετε ένα «&mut T» από ένα «&Mutex"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "A read-write lock counterpart - `RwLock`."
msgstr ""
"» παίρνοντας την κλειδαριά. Το «MutexGuard» διασφαλίζει ότι το Το \"&mut T\" "
"δεν ξεπερνά την κλειδαριά που κρατιέται."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "Why does `lock()` return a `Result`? "
msgstr "Το \"Mutex"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes "
"\"poisoned\" to signal that the data it protected might be in an "
"inconsistent state. Calling `lock()` on a poisoned mutex fails with a "
"[`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html). "
"You can call `into_inner()` on the error to recover the data regardless."
msgstr ""
"\" υλοποιεί και το \"Send\" και το \"Sync\" εάν το \"T\" υλοποιεί το "
"\"Send\".\n"
"\n"
"Ένα αντίστοιχο κλείδωμα ανάγνωσης-εγγραφής - «RwLock».\n"
"\n"
"Γιατί το «lock()» επιστρέφει ένα «Αποτέλεσμα»;\n"
"\n"
"Εάν το νήμα που συγκρατούσε το \"Mutex\" πανικοβλήθηκε, το \"Mutex\" γίνεται "
"\"δηλητηριασμένο\" για να σηματοδοτήσει ότι τα δεδομένα που προστατεύει "
"ενδέχεται να είναι σε ασυνεπή κατάσταση. Κλήση «lock()» σε ένα "
"δηλητηριασμένο mutex αποτυγχάνει με ένα [`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-"
"lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html). Μπορείτε να καλέσετε το "
"«into_inner()» στο σφάλμα για να ανακτήσετε τα δεδομένα Ανεξάρτητα."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:"
msgstr "Ας δούμε τα \"Arc\" και \"Mutex\" σε δράση:"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
" let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n"
" v.push(10);\n"
" });\n"
" v.push(1000);\n"
"\n"
" handle.join().unwrap();\n"
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23
msgid "Possible solution:"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:25
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n"
"\n"
" let v2 = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
" let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n"
" let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n"
" v2.push(10);\n"
" });\n"
"\n"
" {\n"
" let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
" v.push(1000);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" handle.join().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:49
msgid "Notable parts:"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are "
"orthogonal."
msgstr ""
"Το \"v\" είναι τυλιγμένο και σε \"Arc\" και \"Mutex\", επειδή οι ανησυχίες "
"τους είναι ορθογώνιες."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state "
"between threads."
msgstr ""
"Το τύλιγμα ενός \"Mutex\" σε ένα \"Arc\" είναι ένα συνηθισμένο μοτίβο για "
"κοινή χρήση μεταβλητής κατάστασης μεταξύ των νημάτων."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another "
"thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature."
msgstr ""
"Το `v: Το Arc<_>` πρέπει να κλωνοποιηθεί ως `v2` για να μπορέσει να "
"μετακινηθεί σε άλλο νήμα. Η σημείωση \"move\" προστέθηκε στην υπογραφή λάμδα."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:54
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as "
"possible."
msgstr ""
"Τα μπλοκ εισάγονται για να περιορίσουν όσο το δυνατόν περισσότερο το πεδίο "
"εφαρμογής του \"LockGuard\".\n"
"\n"
"Πρέπει ακόμα να αποκτήσουμε το «Mutex» για να εκτυπώσουμε το «Vec» μας."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with"
msgstr "Ας εξασκήσουμε τις νέες μας δεξιότητες συγχρονισμού με"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency."
msgstr ""
"Έλεγχος συνδέσμων πολλαπλών νημάτων: ένα μεγαλύτερο έργο στο οποίο θα "
"χρησιμοποιήσετε το Cargo κατεβάστε τις εξαρτήσεις και, στη συνέχεια, ελέγξτε "
"τους συνδέσμους παράλληλα."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:7
msgid ""
"Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to "
"download dependencies and then check links in parallel."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:"
msgstr ""
"Το πρόβλημα των φιλοσόφων τραπεζαρίας είναι ένα κλασικό πρόβλημα ταυτόχρονα:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has "
"their own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish "
"served is a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each "
"philosopher can only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can "
"only eat their spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two "
"forks will only be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, "
"not eating. After an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put "
"down both forks."
msgstr ""
"Πέντε φιλόσοφοι δειπνούν μαζί στο ίδιο τραπέζι. Κάθε φιλόσοφος έχει το δικό "
"του δική σου θέση στο τραπέζι. Ανάμεσα σε κάθε πιάτο υπάρχει ένα πιρούνι. Το "
"πιάτο που σερβίρεται είναι ένα είδος σπαγγέτι που τρώγεται με δύο πιρούνια. "
"Κάθε φιλόσοφος μπορεί μόνο εναλλάξ σκεφτείτε και τρώτε. Επιπλέον, ένας "
"φιλόσοφος μπορεί να φάει μόνο τους μακαρόνια όταν έχουν και αριστερό και "
"δεξί πιρούνι. Έτσι θα μόνο δύο πιρούνια να είναι διαθέσιμοι όταν οι δύο "
"κοντινότεροι γείτονές τους σκέφτονται και δεν τρώνε. Μετά ένας μεμονωμένος "
"φιλόσοφος τελειώνει το φαγητό, θα βάλει κάτω και τα δύο πιρούνια."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) "
"for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill "
"out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
msgstr ""
"Θα χρειαστείτε μια τοπική [Εγκατάσταση φορτίου](../../cargo/running-locally."
"md) για αυτή η άσκηση. Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο αρχείο \\`src/main."
"rs, συμπληρώστε τα κενά, και ελέγξτε ότι το «cargo run» δεν είναι αδιέξοδο:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:19
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"struct Fork;\n"
"\n"
"struct Philosopher {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" // left_fork: ...\n"
" // right_fork: ...\n"
" // thoughts: ...\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Philosopher {\n"
" fn think(&self) {\n"
" self.thoughts\n"
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
" .unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn eat(&self) {\n"
" // Pick up forks...\n"
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" // Create forks\n"
"\n"
" // Create philosophers\n"
"\n"
" // Make each of them think and eat 100 times\n"
"\n"
" // Output their thoughts\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:61
msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:65
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It "
"should start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It "
"should recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this "
"until all pages have been validated."
msgstr ""
"Ας χρησιμοποιήσουμε τις νέες γνώσεις μας για να δημιουργήσουμε έναν έλεγχο "
"συνδέσμων πολλαπλών νημάτων. Θα έπρεπε ξεκινήστε από μια ιστοσελίδα και "
"ελέγξτε ότι οι σύνδεσμοι στη σελίδα είναι έγκυροι. Θα έπρεπε ελέγξτε "
"αναδρομικά άλλες σελίδες στον ίδιο τομέα και συνεχίστε να το κάνετε αυτό "
"μέχρι να τελειώσει οι σελίδες έχουν επικυρωθεί."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/"
"reqwest/). Create a new Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:"
msgstr ""
"Για αυτό, θα χρειαστείτε ένα πρόγραμμα-πελάτη HTTP όπως το "
"\\[`reqwest`\\]\\[1\\]. Δημιούργησε ένα νέο Έργο φορτίου και το «ζήτησε» ως "
"εξάρτηση με:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:11
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"cargo new link-checker\n"
"cd link-checker\n"
"cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the "
"`Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below."
msgstr ""
"Εάν η «προσθήκη φορτίου» αποτύχει με «σφάλμα: δεν υπάρχει τέτοια υποεντολή», "
"τότε επεξεργαστείτε το Αρχείο «Cargo.toml» με το χέρι. Προσθέστε τις "
"εξαρτήσεις που αναφέρονται παρακάτω."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`](https://docs."
"rs/scraper/) for that:"
msgstr ""
"Θα χρειαστείτε επίσης έναν τρόπο να βρείτε συνδέσμους. Μπορούμε να "
"χρησιμοποιήσουμε το \\[`scraper`\\]\\[2\\] για αυτό:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:22
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"cargo add scraper\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`]"
"(https://docs.rs/thiserror/) for that:"
msgstr ""
"Τέλος, θα χρειαστούμε κάποιο τρόπο χειρισμού των σφαλμάτων. Χρησιμοποιούμε "
"\\[`αυτό το σφάλμα`\\]\\[3\\] για ότι:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:29
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"cargo add thiserror\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:"
msgstr ""
"Οι κλήσεις \"cargo add\" θα ενημερώσουν το αρχείο \"Cargo.toml\" ώστε να "
"έχει την εξής μορφή:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:37
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"link-checker\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"publish = false\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-"
"tls\"] }\n"
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as `https://"
"www.google.org/`."
msgstr ""
"Τώρα μπορείτε να κάνετε λήψη της αρχικής σελίδας. Δοκιμάστε με ένα μικρό "
"site όπως π.χ `https://www.google.org/`."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:"
msgstr "Το αρχείο `src/main.rs` θα πρέπει να μοιάζει κάπως έτσι:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:57
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n"
"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
"enum Error {\n"
" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
" #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n"
" BadResponse(String),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct CrawlCommand {\n"
" url: Url,\n"
" extract_links: bool,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> Result<Vec<Url>, "
"Error> {\n"
" println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n"
" let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n"
" if !response.status().is_success() {\n"
" return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n"
" if !command.extract_links {\n"
" return Ok(link_urls);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
" let body_text = response.text()?;\n"
" let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n"
"\n"
" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n"
" let href_values = document\n"
" .select(&selector)\n"
" .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n"
" for href in href_values {\n"
" match base_url.join(href) {\n"
" Ok(link_url) => {\n"
" link_urls.push(link_url);\n"
" }\n"
" Err(err) => {\n"
" println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: "
"{err}\");\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(link_urls)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let client = Client::new();\n"
" let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n"
" let crawl_command = CrawlCommand{ url: start_url, extract_links: "
"true };\n"
" match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) {\n"
" Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n"
" Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:120
#, fuzzy
msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with"
msgstr "Εκτελέστε τον κώδικα στο `src/main.rs` με"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:122
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"cargo run\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:128
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a "
"channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel."
msgstr ""
"Χρησιμοποιήστε νήματα για να ελέγξετε τους συνδέσμους παράλληλα: στείλτε τις "
"διευθύνσεις URL που θα ελεγχθούν στο a κανάλι και αφήστε μερικά νήματα να "
"ελέγξουν τις διευθύνσεις URL παράλληλα."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:130
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the `www.google."
"org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you don't end up "
"being blocked by the site."
msgstr ""
"Επεκτείνετε αυτό για να εξαγάγετε αναδρομικά συνδέσμους από όλες τις σελίδες "
"του τομέας `www.google.org`. Βάλτε ένα ανώτατο όριο 100 σελίδων περίπου έτσι "
"ώστε να μην καταλήξετε να αποκλειστείτε από τον ιστότοπο."
#: src/async.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Async Rust"
msgstr "Γιατί Rust;"
#: src/async.md:3
msgid ""
"\"Async\" is a concurrency model where multiple tasks are executed "
"concurrently by executing each task until it would block, then switching to "
"another task that is ready to make progress. The model allows running a "
"larger number of tasks on a limited number of threads. This is because the "
"per-task overhead is typically very low and operating systems provide "
"primitives for efficiently identifying I/O that is able to proceed."
msgstr ""
#: src/async.md:10
msgid ""
"Rust's asynchronous operation is based on \"futures\", which represent work "
"that may be completed in the future. Futures are \"polled\" until they "
"signal that they are complete."
msgstr ""
#: src/async.md:14
msgid ""
"Futures are polled by an async runtime, and several different runtimes are "
"available."
msgstr ""
#: src/async.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "Comparisons"
msgstr "Σύγκριση"
#: src/async.md:19
msgid ""
"Python has a similar model in its `asyncio`. However, its `Future` type is "
"callback-based, and not polled. Async Python programs require a \"loop\", "
"similar to a runtime in Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/async.md:23
msgid ""
"JavaScript's `Promise` is similar, but again callback-based. The language "
"runtime implements the event loop, so many of the details of Promise "
"resolution are hidden."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:1
msgid "`async`/`await`"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:3
msgid ""
"At a high level, async Rust code looks very much like \"normal\" sequential "
"code:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use futures::executor::block_on;\n"
"\n"
"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
" for i in 1..=count {\n"
" println!(\"Count is: {i}!\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"async fn async_main(count: i32) {\n"
" count_to(count).await;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" block_on(async_main(10));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:27
msgid ""
"Note that this is a simplified example to show the syntax. There is no long "
"running operation or any real concurrency in it!"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "What is the return type of an async call?"
msgstr "Ποιος είναι ο τύπος της λέξης σε κάθε βρόχο;"
#: src/async/async-await.md:31
msgid "Use `let future: () = async_main(10);` in `main` to see the type."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:33
msgid ""
"The \"async\" keyword is syntactic sugar. The compiler replaces the return "
"type with a future. "
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:36
msgid ""
"You cannot make `main` async, without additional instructions to the "
"compiler on how to use the returned future."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:39
msgid ""
"You need an executor to run async code. `block_on` blocks the current thread "
"until the provided future has run to completion. "
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:42
msgid ""
"`.await` asynchronously waits for the completion of another operation. "
"Unlike `block_on`, `.await` doesn't block the current thread."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:45
msgid ""
"`.await` can only be used inside an `async` function (or block; these are "
"introduced later). "
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:3
msgid ""
"[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html) is a "
"trait, implemented by objects that represent an operation that may not be "
"complete yet. A future can be polled, and `poll` returns a [`Poll`](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"use std::pin::Pin;\n"
"use std::task::Context;\n"
"\n"
"pub trait Future {\n"
" type Output;\n"
" fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::"
"Output>;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub enum Poll<T> {\n"
" Ready(T),\n"
" Pending,\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:23
msgid ""
"An async function returns an `impl Future`. It's also possible (but "
"uncommon) to implement `Future` for your own types. For example, the "
"`JoinHandle` returned from `tokio::spawn` implements `Future` to allow "
"joining to it."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:27
msgid ""
"The `.await` keyword, applied to a Future, causes the current async function "
"to pause until that Future is ready, and then evaluates to its output."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:32
msgid ""
"The `Future` and `Poll` types are implemented exactly as shown; click the "
"links to show the implementations in the docs."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:35
msgid ""
"We will not get to `Pin` and `Context`, as we will focus on writing async "
"code, rather than building new async primitives. Briefly:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:38
msgid ""
"`Context` allows a Future to schedule itself to be polled again when an "
"event occurs."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:41
msgid ""
"`Pin` ensures that the Future isn't moved in memory, so that pointers into "
"that future remain valid. This is required to allow references to remain "
"valid after an `.await`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes.md:3
msgid ""
"A _runtime_ provides support for performing operations asynchronously (a "
"_reactor_) and is responsible for executing futures (an _executor_). Rust "
"does not have a \"built-in\" runtime, but several options are available:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes.md:7
msgid ""
"[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/): performant, with a well-developed ecosystem of "
"functionality like [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) for HTTP or [Tonic](https://"
"github.com/hyperium/tonic) for gRPC."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes.md:10
msgid ""
"[async-std](https://async.rs/): aims to be a \"std for async\", and includes "
"a basic runtime in `async::task`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes.md:12
msgid "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/): simple and lightweight"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes.md:14
msgid ""
"Several larger applications have their own runtimes. For example, [Fuchsia]"
"(https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/fuchsia-"
"async/src/lib.rs) already has one."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes.md:20
msgid ""
"Note that of the listed runtimes, only Tokio is supported in the Rust "
"playground. The playground also does not permit any I/O, so most interesting "
"async things can't run in the playground."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes.md:24
msgid ""
"Futures are \"inert\" in that they do not do anything (not even start an I/O "
"operation) unless there is an executor polling them. This differs from JS "
"Promises, for example, which will run to completion even if they are never "
"used."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:4
msgid "Tokio provides: "
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:6
msgid "A multi-threaded runtime for executing asynchronous code."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:7
msgid "An asynchronous version of the standard library."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:8
msgid "A large ecosystem of libraries."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:10
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use tokio::time;\n"
"\n"
"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
" for i in 1..=count {\n"
" println!(\"Count in task: {i}!\");\n"
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" tokio::spawn(count_to(10));\n"
"\n"
" for i in 1..5 {\n"
" println!(\"Main task: {i}\");\n"
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:33
msgid "With the `tokio::main` macro we can now make `main` async."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:35
msgid "The `spawn` function creates a new, concurrent \"task\"."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:37
msgid "Note: `spawn` takes a `Future`, you don't call `.await` on `count_to`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:39
msgid "**Further exploration:**"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:41
msgid ""
"Why does `count_to` not (usually) get to 10? This is an example of async "
"cancellation. `tokio::spawn` returns a handle which can be awaited to wait "
"until it finishes."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:45
msgid "Try `count_to(10).await` instead of spawning."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:47
msgid "Try awaiting the task returned from `tokio::spawn`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:3
msgid "Rust has a task system, which is a form of lightweight threading."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:5
msgid ""
"A task has a single top-level future which the executor polls to make "
"progress. That future may have one or more nested futures that its `poll` "
"method polls, corresponding loosely to a call stack. Concurrency within a "
"task is possible by polling multiple child futures, such as racing a timer "
"and an I/O operation."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:10
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"use tokio::io::{self, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};\n"
"use tokio::net::TcpListener;\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {\n"
" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:6142\").await?;\n"
"\tprintln!(\"listening on port 6142\");\n"
"\n"
" loop {\n"
" let (mut socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
"\n"
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(b\"Who are you?\\n\").await {\n"
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
" return;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" let mut buf = vec![0; 1024];\n"
" let reply = match socket.read(&mut buf).await {\n"
" Ok(n) => {\n"
" let name = std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..n]).unwrap()."
"trim();\n"
" format!(\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\")\n"
" }\n"
" Err(e) => {\n"
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
" return;\n"
" }\n"
" };\n"
"\n"
" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(reply.as_bytes()).await {\n"
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
" }\n"
" });\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:52 src/async/control-flow/join.md:36
msgid ""
"Copy this example into your prepared `src/main.rs` and run it from there."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:54
msgid ""
"Ask students to visualize what the state of the example server would be with "
"a few connected clients. What tasks exist? What are their Futures?"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:57
msgid ""
"This is the first time we've seen an `async` block. This is similar to a "
"closure, but does not take any arguments. Its return value is a Future, "
"similar to an `async fn`. "
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:61
msgid ""
"Refactor the async block into a function, and improve the error handling "
"using `?`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:3
msgid ""
"Several crates have support for asynchronous channels. For instance `tokio`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n"
"\n"
"async fn ping_handler(mut input: Receiver<()>) {\n"
" let mut count: usize = 0;\n"
"\n"
" while let Some(_) = input.recv().await {\n"
" count += 1;\n"
" println!(\"Received {count} pings so far.\");\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"ping_handler complete\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
" let ping_handler_task = tokio::spawn(ping_handler(receiver));\n"
" for i in 0..10 {\n"
" sender.send(()).await.expect(\"Failed to send ping.\");\n"
" println!(\"Sent {} pings so far.\", i + 1);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" drop(sender);\n"
" ping_handler_task.await.expect(\"Something went wrong in ping handler "
"task.\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:35
msgid "Change the channel size to `3` and see how it affects the execution."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:37
msgid ""
"Overall, the interface is similar to the `sync` channels as seen in the "
"[morning class](concurrency/channels.md)."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:40
msgid "Try removing the `std::mem::drop` call. What happens? Why?"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:42
msgid ""
"The [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) crate has channels that "
"implement both `sync` and `async` `send` and `recv`. This can be convenient "
"for complex applications with both IO and heavy CPU processing tasks."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:46
msgid ""
"What makes working with `async` channels preferable is the ability to "
"combine them with other `future`s to combine them and create complex control "
"flow."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Futures Control Flow"
msgstr "Ροή ελέγχου"
#: src/async/control-flow.md:3
msgid ""
"Futures can be combined together to produce concurrent compute flow graphs. "
"We have already seen tasks, that function as independent threads of "
"execution."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow.md:6
msgid "[Join](control-flow/join.md)"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow.md:7
msgid "[Select](control-flow/select.md)"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:3
msgid ""
"A join operation waits until all of a set of futures are ready, and returns "
"a collection of their results. This is similar to `Promise.all` in "
"JavaScript or `asyncio.gather` in Python."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use anyhow::Result;\n"
"use futures::future;\n"
"use reqwest;\n"
"use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
"\n"
"async fn size_of_page(url: &str) -> Result<usize> {\n"
" let resp = reqwest::get(url).await?;\n"
" Ok(resp.text().await?.len())\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" let urls: [&str; 4] = [\n"
" \"https://google.com\",\n"
" \"https://httpbin.org/ip\",\n"
" \"https://play.rust-lang.org/\",\n"
" \"BAD_URL\",\n"
" ];\n"
" let futures_iter = urls.into_iter().map(size_of_page);\n"
" let results = future::join_all(futures_iter).await;\n"
" let page_sizes_dict: HashMap<&str, Result<usize>> =\n"
" urls.into_iter().zip(results.into_iter()).collect();\n"
" println!(\"{:?}\", page_sizes_dict);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:38
msgid ""
"For multiple futures of disjoint types, you can use `std::future::join!` but "
"you must know how many futures you will have at compile time. This is "
"currently in the `futures` crate, soon to be stabilised in `std::future`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:42
msgid ""
"The risk of `join` is that one of the futures may never resolve, this would "
"cause your program to stall. "
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:45
msgid ""
"You can also combine `join_all` with `join!` for instance to join all "
"requests to an http service as well as a database query. Try adding a "
"`tokio::time::sleep` to the future, using `futures::join!`. This is not a "
"timeout (that requires `select!`, explained in the next chapter), but "
"demonstrates `join!`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:3
msgid ""
"A select operation waits until any of a set of futures is ready, and "
"responds to that future's result. In JavaScript, this is similar to `Promise."
"race`. In Python, it compares to `asyncio.wait(task_set, return_when=asyncio."
"FIRST_COMPLETED)`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:8
msgid ""
"Similar to a match statement, the body of `select!` has a number of arms, "
"each of the form `pattern = future => statement`. When the `future` is "
"ready, the `statement` is executed with the variables in `pattern` bound to "
"the `future`'s result."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:13
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n"
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\n"
"enum Animal {\n"
" Cat { name: String },\n"
" Dog { name: String },\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"async fn first_animal_to_finish_race(\n"
" mut cat_rcv: Receiver<String>,\n"
" mut dog_rcv: Receiver<String>,\n"
") -> Option<Animal> {\n"
" tokio::select! {\n"
" cat_name = cat_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Cat { name: cat_name? }),\n"
" dog_name = dog_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Dog { name: dog_name? })\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" let (cat_sender, cat_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
" let (dog_sender, dog_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;\n"
" cat_sender\n"
" .send(String::from(\"Felix\"))\n"
" .await\n"
" .expect(\"Failed to send cat.\");\n"
" });\n"
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await;\n"
" dog_sender\n"
" .send(String::from(\"Rex\"))\n"
" .await\n"
" .expect(\"Failed to send dog.\");\n"
" });\n"
"\n"
" let winner = first_animal_to_finish_race(cat_receiver, dog_receiver)\n"
" .await\n"
" .expect(\"Failed to receive winner\");\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Winner is {winner:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:62
msgid ""
"In this example, we have a race between a cat and a dog. "
"`first_animal_to_finish_race` listens to both channels and will pick "
"whichever arrives first. Since the dog takes 50ms, it wins against the cat "
"that take 500ms seconds."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:67
msgid ""
"You can use `oneshot` channels in this example as the channels are supposed "
"to receive only one `send`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:70
msgid ""
"Try adding a deadline to the race, demonstrating selecting different sorts "
"of futures."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:73
msgid ""
"Note that `select!` drops unmatched branches, which cancels their futures. "
"It is easiest to use when every execution of `select!` creates new futures."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:76
msgid ""
"An alternative is to pass `&mut future` instead of the future itself, but "
"this can lead to issues, further discussed in the pinning slide."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:1
msgid "Pitfalls of async/await"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:3
msgid ""
"Async / await provides convenient and efficient abstraction for concurrent "
"asynchronous programming. However, the async/await model in Rust also comes "
"with its share of pitfalls and footguns. We illustrate some of them in this "
"chapter:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:5
msgid "[Blocking the Executor](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:6
msgid "[Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:7
msgid "[Async Traits](pitfalls/async-traits.md)"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:8
msgid "[Cancellation](pitfalls/cancellation.md)"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:1
msgid "Blocking the executor"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:3
msgid ""
"Most async runtimes only allow IO tasks to run concurrently. This means that "
"CPU blocking tasks will block the executor and prevent other tasks from "
"being executed. An easy workaround is to use async equivalent methods where "
"possible."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use futures::future::join_all;\n"
"use std::time::Instant;\n"
"\n"
"async fn sleep_ms(start: &Instant, id: u64, duration_ms: u64) {\n"
" std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(duration_ms));\n"
" println!(\n"
" \"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\",\n"
" start.elapsed().as_millis()\n"
" );\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main(flavor = \"current_thread\")]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" let start = Instant::now();\n"
" let sleep_futures = (1..=10).map(|t| sleep_ms(&start, t, t * 10));\n"
" join_all(sleep_futures).await;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:29
msgid ""
"Run the code and see that the sleeps happen consecutively rather than "
"concurrently."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:32
msgid ""
"The `\"current_thread\"` flavor puts all tasks on a single thread. This "
"makes the effect more obvious, but the bug is still present in the multi-"
"threaded flavor."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:36
msgid ""
"Switch the `std::thread::sleep` to `tokio::time::sleep` and await its result."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:38
msgid ""
"Another fix would be to `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` which spawns an actual "
"thread and transforms its handle into a future without blocking the executor."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:41
msgid ""
"You should not think of tasks as OS threads. They do not map 1 to 1 and most "
"executors will allow many tasks to run on a single OS thread. This is "
"particularly problematic when interacting with other libraries via FFI, "
"where that library might depend on thread-local storage or map to specific "
"OS threads (e.g., CUDA). Prefer `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` in such "
"situations."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:47
msgid ""
"Use sync mutexes with care. Holding a mutex over an `.await` may cause "
"another task to block, and that task may be running on the same thread."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:3
msgid ""
"When you await a future, all local variables (that would ordinarily be "
"stored on a stack frame) are instead stored in the Future for the current "
"async block. If your future has pointers to data on the stack, those "
"pointers might get invalidated. This is unsafe."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:8
msgid ""
"Therefore, you must guarantee that the addresses your future points to don't "
"change. That is why we need to `pin` futures. Using the same future "
"repeatedly in a `select!` often leads to issues with pinned values."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:12
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};\n"
"use tokio::task::spawn;\n"
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
"\n"
"// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond\n"
"// with a message on the `respond_on` channel.\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Work {\n"
" input: u32,\n"
" respond_on: oneshot::Sender<u32>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n"
"async fn worker(mut work_queue: mpsc::Receiver<Work>) {\n"
" let mut iterations = 0;\n"
" loop {\n"
" tokio::select! {\n"
" Some(work) = work_queue.recv() => {\n"
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await; // Pretend to work.\n"
" work.respond_on\n"
" .send(work.input * 1000)\n"
" .expect(\"failed to send response\");\n"
" iterations += 1;\n"
" }\n"
" // TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n"
"async fn do_work(work_queue: &mpsc::Sender<Work>, input: u32) -> u32 {\n"
" let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();\n"
" work_queue\n"
" .send(Work {\n"
" input,\n"
" respond_on: tx,\n"
" })\n"
" .await\n"
" .expect(\"failed to send on work queue\");\n"
" rx.await.expect(\"failed waiting for response\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n"
" spawn(worker(rx));\n"
" for i in 0..100 {\n"
" let resp = do_work(&tx, i).await;\n"
" println!(\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:68
msgid ""
"You may recognize this as an example of the actor pattern. Actors typically "
"call `select!` in a loop."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:71
msgid ""
"This serves as a summation of a few of the previous lessons, so take your "
"time with it."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:74
msgid ""
"Naively add a `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }` to "
"the `select!`. This will never execute. Why?"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:77
msgid ""
"Instead, add a `timeout_fut` containing that future outside of the `loop`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:79
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"let mut timeout_fut = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
"loop {\n"
" select! {\n"
" ..,\n"
" _ = timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:88
msgid ""
"This still doesn't work. Follow the compiler errors, adding `&mut` to the "
"`timeout_fut` in the `select!` to work around the move, then using `Box::"
"pin`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:92
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"let mut timeout_fut = Box::pin(sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)));\n"
"loop {\n"
" select! {\n"
" ..,\n"
" _ = &mut timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:102
msgid ""
"This compiles, but once the timeout expires it is `Poll::Ready` on every "
"iteration (a fused future would help with this). Update to reset "
"`timeout_fut` every time it expires."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:106
msgid ""
"Box allocates on the heap. In some cases, `std::pin::pin!` (only recently "
"stabilized, with older code often using `tokio::pin!`) is also an option, "
"but that is difficult to use for a future that is reassigned."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:110
msgid ""
"Another alternative is to not use `pin` at all but spawn another task that "
"will send to a `oneshot` channel every 100ms."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:3
msgid ""
"Async methods in traits are not yet supported in the stable channel ([An "
"experimental feature exists in nightly and should be stabilized in the mid "
"term.](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-"
"nightly.html))"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:5
msgid ""
"The crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) "
"provides a workaround through a macro:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use async_trait::async_trait;\n"
"use std::time::Instant;\n"
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
"\n"
"#[async_trait]\n"
"trait Sleeper {\n"
" async fn sleep(&self);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct FixedSleeper {\n"
" sleep_ms: u64,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[async_trait]\n"
"impl Sleeper for FixedSleeper {\n"
" async fn sleep(&self) {\n"
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(self.sleep_ms)).await;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"async fn run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers: Vec<Box<dyn Sleeper>>, "
"n_times: usize) {\n"
" for _ in 0..n_times {\n"
" println!(\"running all sleepers..\");\n"
" for sleeper in &sleepers {\n"
" let start = Instant::now();\n"
" sleeper.sleep().await;\n"
" println!(\"slept for {}ms\", start.elapsed().as_millis());\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" let sleepers: Vec<Box<dyn Sleeper>> = vec![\n"
" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 50 }),\n"
" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 100 }),\n"
" ];\n"
" run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers, 5).await;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:51
msgid ""
"`async_trait` is easy to use, but note that it's using heap allocations to "
"achieve this. This heap allocation has performance overhead."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:54
msgid ""
"The challenges in language support for `async trait` are deep Rust and "
"probably not worth describing in-depth. Niko Matsakis did a good job of "
"explaining them in [this post](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/"
"blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-hard/) if you are interested in "
"digging deeper."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:60
msgid ""
"Try creating a new sleeper struct that will sleep for a random amount of "
"time and adding it to the Vec."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:3
msgid ""
"Dropping a future implies it can never be polled again. This is called "
"_cancellation_ and it can occur at any `await` point. Care is needed to "
"ensure the system works correctly even when futures are cancelled. For "
"example, it shouldn't deadlock or lose data."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::io::{self, ErrorKind};\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, DuplexStream};\n"
"\n"
"struct LinesReader {\n"
" stream: DuplexStream,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl LinesReader {\n"
" fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n"
" Self { stream }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result<Option<String>> {\n"
" let mut bytes = Vec::new();\n"
" let mut buf = [0];\n"
" while self.stream.read(&mut buf[..]).await? != 0 {\n"
" bytes.push(buf[0]);\n"
" if buf[0] == b'\\n' {\n"
" break;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" if bytes.is_empty() {\n"
" return Ok(None)\n"
" }\n"
" let s = String::from_utf8(bytes)\n"
" .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, \"not "
"UTF-8\"))?;\n"
" Ok(Some(s))\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"async fn slow_copy(source: String, mut dest: DuplexStream) -> std::io::"
"Result<()> {\n"
" for b in source.bytes() {\n"
" dest.write_u8(b).await?;\n"
" tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {\n"
" let (client, server) = tokio::io::duplex(5);\n"
" let handle = tokio::spawn(slow_copy(\"hi\\nthere\\n\".to_owned(), "
"client));\n"
"\n"
" let mut lines = LinesReader::new(server);\n"
" let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_millis(60));\n"
" loop {\n"
" tokio::select! {\n"
" _ = interval.tick() => println!(\"tick!\"),\n"
" line = lines.next() => if let Some(l) = line? {\n"
" print!(\"{}\", l)\n"
" } else {\n"
" break\n"
" },\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" handle.await.unwrap()?;\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:72
msgid ""
"The compiler doesn't help with cancellation-safety. You need to read API "
"documentation and consider what state your `async fn` holds."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:75
msgid ""
"Unlike `panic` and `?`, cancellation is part of normal control flow (vs "
"error-handling)."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:78
msgid "The example loses parts of the string."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:80
msgid ""
"Whenever the `tick()` branch finishes first, `next()` and its `buf` are "
"dropped."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:82
msgid ""
"`LinesReader` can be made cancellation-safe by makeing `buf` part of the "
"struct:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:83
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"struct LinesReader {\n"
" stream: DuplexStream,\n"
" bytes: Vec<u8>,\n"
" buf: [u8; 1],\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl LinesReader {\n"
" fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n"
" Self { stream, bytes: Vec::new(), buf: [0] }\n"
" }\n"
" async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result<Option<String>> {\n"
" // prefix buf and bytes with self.\n"
" // ...\n"
" let raw = std::mem::take(&mut self.bytes);\n"
" let s = String::from_utf8(raw)\n"
" // ...\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:104
msgid ""
"[`Interval::tick`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/time/struct.Interval."
"html#method.tick) is cancellation-safe because it keeps track of whether a "
"tick has been 'delivered'."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:107
msgid ""
"[`AsyncReadExt::read`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
"AsyncReadExt.html#method.read) is cancellation-safe because it either "
"returns or doesn't read data."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:110
msgid ""
"[`AsyncBufReadExt::read_line`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
"AsyncBufReadExt.html#method.read_line) is similar to the example and _isn't_ "
"cancellation-safe. See its documentation for details and alternatives."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:3
msgid ""
"To practice your Async Rust skills, we have again two exercises for you:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:5
msgid ""
"Dining philosophers: we already saw this problem in the morning. This time "
"you are going to implement it with Async Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:8
msgid ""
"A Broadcast Chat Application: this is a larger project that allows you "
"experiment with more advanced Async Rust features."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:1
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Dining Philosophers - Async"
msgstr "Δείπνο με φιλόσοφους"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:3
msgid ""
"See [dining philosophers](dining-philosophers.md) for a description of the "
"problem."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As before, you will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-"
"locally.md) for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/"
"main.rs`, fill out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
msgstr ""
"Θα χρειαστείτε μια τοπική [Εγκατάσταση φορτίου](../../cargo/running-locally."
"md) για αυτή η άσκηση. Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο αρχείο \\`src/main."
"rs, συμπληρώστε τα κενά, και ελέγξτε ότι το «cargo run» δεν είναι αδιέξοδο:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:13
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
"use tokio::time;\n"
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n"
"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n"
"\n"
"struct Fork;\n"
"\n"
"struct Philosopher {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" // left_fork: ...\n"
" // right_fork: ...\n"
" // thoughts: ...\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Philosopher {\n"
" async fn think(&self) {\n"
" self.thoughts\n"
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))."
"await\n"
" .unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" async fn eat(&self) {\n"
" // Pick up forks...\n"
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" // Create forks\n"
"\n"
" // Create philosophers\n"
"\n"
" // Make them think and eat\n"
"\n"
" // Output their thoughts\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:57
msgid ""
"Since this time you are using Async Rust, you'll need a `tokio` dependency. "
"You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:62
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"dining-philosophers-async-dine\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"tokio = {version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", "
"\"rt-multi-thread\"]}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:72
msgid ""
"Also note that this time you have to use the `Mutex` and the `mpsc` module "
"from the `tokio` crate."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:77
msgid "Can you make your implementation single-threaded? "
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:3
msgid ""
"In this exercise, we want to use our new knowledge to implement a broadcast "
"chat application. We have a chat server that the clients connect to and "
"publish their messages. The client reads user messages from the standard "
"input, and sends them to the server. The chat server broadcasts each message "
"that it receives to all the clients."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:9
msgid ""
"For this, we use [a broadcast channel](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/"
"sync/broadcast/fn.channel.html) on the server, and [`tokio_websockets`]"
"(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/tokio_websockets/) for the "
"communication between the client and the server."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:13
msgid "Create a new Cargo project and add the following dependencies:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:15
msgid "`Cargo.toml`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:19
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"chat-async\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"futures-util = \"0.3.28\"\n"
"http = \"0.2.9\"\n"
"tokio = { version = \"1.28.1\", features = [\"full\"] }\n"
"tokio-websockets = \"0.3.2\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:32
msgid "The required APIs"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:33
msgid ""
"You are going to need the following functions from `tokio` and "
"[`tokio_websockets`](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/"
"tokio_websockets/). Spend a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the "
"API. "
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:37
msgid ""
"[WebsocketStream::next()](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/"
"tokio_websockets/proto/struct.WebsocketStream.html#method.next): for "
"asynchronously reading messages from a Websocket Stream."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:39
msgid ""
"[SinkExt::send()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/sink/"
"trait.SinkExt.html#method.send) implemented by `WebsocketStream`: for "
"asynchronously sending messages on a Websocket Stream."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:41
msgid ""
"[Lines::next_line()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/struct.Lines."
"html#method.next_line): for asynchronously reading user messages from the "
"standard input."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:43
msgid ""
"[Sender::subscribe()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/broadcast/"
"struct.Sender.html#method.subscribe): for subscribing to a broadcast channel."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "Two binaries"
msgstr "Rust Binaries"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:48
msgid ""
"Normally in a Cargo project, you can have only one binary, and one `src/main."
"rs` file. In this project, we need two binaries. One for the client, and one "
"for the server. You could potentially make them two separate Cargo projects, "
"but we are going to put them in a single Cargo project with two binaries. "
"For this to work, the client and the server code should go under `src/bin` "
"(see the [documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/cargo-"
"targets.html#binaries)). "
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:55
msgid ""
"Copy the following server and client code into `src/bin/server.rs` and `src/"
"bin/client.rs`, respectively. Your task is to complete these files as "
"described below. "
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:59
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:123
#, fuzzy
msgid "`src/bin/server.rs`:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:63
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n"
"use std::error::Error;\n"
"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n"
"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n"
"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n"
"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n"
"\n"
"async fn handle_connection(\n"
" addr: SocketAddr,\n"
" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream<TcpStream>,\n"
" bcast_tx: Sender<String>,\n"
") -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
"\n"
" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n"
"\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n"
"\n"
" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n"
" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n"
"\n"
" loop {\n"
" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n"
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n"
" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n"
"\n"
" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n"
" });\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:102
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "`src/bin/client.rs`:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:106
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n"
"use http::Uri;\n"
"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n"
"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n"
" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::"
"from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n"
" .connect()\n"
" .await?;\n"
"\n"
" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n"
" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n"
"\n"
"\n"
" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n"
"\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:127
#, fuzzy
msgid "Running the binaries"
msgstr "Διεξαγωγή του μαθήματος"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:128
msgid "Run the server with:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:130
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"cargo run --bin server\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:134
msgid "and the client with:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:136
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"cargo run --bin client\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:142
msgid "Implement the `handle_connection` function in `src/bin/server.rs`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:143
msgid ""
"Hint: Use `tokio::select!` for concurrently performing two tasks in a "
"continuous loop. One task receives messages from the client and broadcasts "
"them. The other sends messages received by the server to the client."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:146
msgid "Complete the main function in `src/bin/client.rs`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:147
msgid ""
"Hint: As before, use `tokio::select!` in a continuous loop for concurrently "
"performing two tasks: (1) reading user messages from standard input and "
"sending them to the server, and (2) receiving messages from the server, and "
"displaying them for the user."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:151
msgid ""
"Optional: Once you are done, change the code to broadcast messages to all "
"clients, but the sender of the message."
msgstr ""
#: src/thanks.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and "
"that it was useful."
msgstr ""
"_Σας ευχαριστούμε που πήρατε το Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ Ελπίζουμε να σας "
"άρεσε και να ήταν χρήσιμο."
#: src/thanks.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not "
"perfect, so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, "
"please get in [contact with us on GitHub](https://github.com/google/"
"comprehensive-rust/discussions). We would love to hear from you."
msgstr ""
"Διασκεδάσαμε πολύ όταν συνδυάσαμε το μάθημα. Το μάθημα δεν είναι τέλειο, "
"οπότε αν εντοπίσατε λάθη ή έχετε ιδέες για βελτιώσεις, παρακαλούμε μπείτε "
"[επικοινωνήστε μαζί μας στο GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-"
"rust/discussions). Θα αγαπούσαμε να ακούσω από σένα."
#: src/other-resources.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Other Rust Resources"
msgstr "Άλλοι πόροι σκουριάς"
#: src/other-resources.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources "
"online."
msgstr ""
"Η κοινότητα του Rust έχει δημιουργήσει έναν πλούτο υψηλής ποιότητας και "
"δωρεάν πόρων Σε σύνδεση."
#: src/other-resources.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Official Documentation"
msgstr "Επίσημη Τεκμηρίωση"
#: src/other-resources.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:"
msgstr "Το έργο Rust φιλοξενεί πολλούς πόρους. Αυτά καλύπτουν το Rust γενικά:"
#: src/other-resources.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the "
"canonical free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes a "
"few projects for people to build."
msgstr ""
"[The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): το "
"κανονικό δωρεάν βιβλίο για το Rust. Καλύπτει αναλυτικά τη γλώσσα και "
"περιλαμβάνει α λίγα έργα για να κατασκευάσουν οι άνθρωποι."
#: src/other-resources.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the "
"Rust syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. "
"Sometimes includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code "
"in the examples."
msgstr ""
"[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): καλύπτει τη "
"σκουριά σύνταξη μέσω μιας σειράς παραδειγμάτων που παρουσιάζουν διαφορετικές "
"κατασκευές. Ωρες ωρες περιλαμβάνει μικρές ασκήσεις όπου σας ζητείται να "
"αναπτύξετε τον κώδικα στο παραδείγματα."
#: src/other-resources.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full documentation "
"of the standard library for Rust."
msgstr ""
"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): πλήρης τεκμηρίωση "
"του η τυπική βιβλιοθήκη για το Rust."
#: src/other-resources.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete "
"book which describes the Rust grammar and memory model."
msgstr ""
"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): ένα ημιτελές "
"βιβλίο που περιγράφει το μοντέλο της γραμματικής και της μνήμης Rust."
#: src/other-resources.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:"
msgstr ""
"Περισσότεροι εξειδικευμένοι οδηγοί που φιλοξενούνται στον επίσημο ιστότοπο "
"της Rust:"
#: src/other-resources.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe Rust, "
"including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages "
"(FFI)."
msgstr ""
"[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): καλύπτει το μη "
"ασφαλές Rust, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της εργασίας με ακατέργαστους δείκτες και "
"της διεπαφής με άλλες γλώσσες (FFI)."
#: src/other-resources.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): "
"covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after the "
"Rust Book was written."
msgstr ""
"[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): "
"καλύπτει το νέο μοντέλο ασύγχρονου προγραμματισμού που εισήχθη μετά το Το "
"Rust Book γράφτηκε."
#: src/other-resources.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): "
"an introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating "
"system."
msgstr ""
"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): "
"εισαγωγή στη χρήση του Rust σε ενσωματωμένες συσκευές χωρίς λειτουργικό "
"σύστημα."
#: src/other-resources.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unofficial Learning Material"
msgstr "Ανεπίσημο Εκπαιδευτικό Υλικό"
#: src/other-resources.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:"
msgstr "Μια μικρή επιλογή άλλων οδηγών και οδηγών για το Rust:"
#: src/other-resources.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust "
"from the perspective of low-level C programmers."
msgstr ""
"[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): καλύπτει το "
"Rust από την οπτική γωνία των προγραμματιστών χαμηλού επιπέδου C."
#: src/other-resources.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Rust for Embedded C Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/"
"rust_for_c/): covers Rust from the perspective of developers who write "
"firmware in C."
msgstr ""
"[Rust for Embedded C Προγραμματιστές](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/"
"rust_for_c/): καλύπτει το Rust από η προοπτική των προγραμματιστών που "
"γράφουν υλικολογισμικό σε C."
#: src/other-resources.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): "
"covers the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other "
"languages such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python."
msgstr ""
"[Rust για επαγγελματίες](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): "
"καλύπτει τη σύνταξη του Rust χρησιμοποιώντας συγκρίσεις δίπλα-δίπλα με άλλες "
"γλώσσες όπως C, C++, Java, JavaScript και Python."
#: src/other-resources.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to help "
"you learn Rust."
msgstr ""
"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ ασκήσεις για "
"βοήθεια μαθαίνεις Rust."
#: src/other-resources.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Ferrous Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-"
"material/index.html): a series of small presentations covering both basic "
"and advanced part of the Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, "
"and async/await are also covered."
msgstr ""
"[Σιδήρου Διδασκαλία Υλικό](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-"
"material/index.html): α σειρά μικρών παρουσιάσεων που καλύπτουν τόσο βασικό "
"όσο και προχωρημένο μέρος του Γλώσσα σκουριάς. Άλλα θέματα όπως το "
"WebAssembly και το async/wait είναι επίσης σκεπαστός."
#: src/other-resources.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Beginner's Series to Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-"
"series-to-rust/) and [Take your first steps with Rust](https://docs."
"microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): two Rust guides aimed at "
"new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and the second is a set of "
"11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs."
msgstr ""
"[Beginner's Series to Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-"
"series-to-rust/) και [Κάντε τα πρώτα σας βήματα με Rust](https://docs."
"microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): δύο Οδηγοί Rust που "
"απευθύνονται σε νέους προγραμματιστές. Το πρώτο είναι ένα σύνολο 35 βίντεο "
"και το Το δεύτερο είναι ένα σύνολο 11 ενοτήτων που καλύπτει τη σύνταξη του "
"Rust και τις βασικές δομές."
#: src/other-resources.md:58
msgid ""
"[Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial."
"github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth exploration of Rust's memory management "
"rules, through implementing a few different types of list structures."
msgstr ""
#: src/other-resources.md:63
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) "
"for even more Rust books."
msgstr ""
"Δείτε το [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) για "
"ακόμα περισσότερα βιβλία Rust."
#: src/credits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust "
"documentation. See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a "
"full list of useful resources."
msgstr ""
"Το υλικό εδώ βασίζεται στις πολλές σπουδαίες πηγές τεκμηρίωσης του Rust. "
"Δείτε τη σελίδα στο [other resources](other-resources.md) για μια πλήρη "
"λίστα χρήσιμων πόροι."
#: src/credits.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache "
"2.0 license, please see [`LICENSE`](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-"
"rust/blob/main/LICENSE) for details."
msgstr ""
"Το υλικό του Comprehensive Rust έχει άδεια χρήσης σύμφωνα με τους όρους του "
"Apache 2.0 άδεια, ανατρέξτε στην ενότητα [`ΑΔΕΙΑ`](../LICENSE) για "
"λεπτομέρειες."
#: src/credits.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust by Example"
msgstr "Σκουριά από Παράδειγμα"
#: src/credits.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by "
"Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the "
"`third_party/rust-by-example/` directory for details, including the license "
"terms."
msgstr ""
"Ορισμένα παραδείγματα και ασκήσεις έχουν αντιγραφεί και προσαρμοστεί από το "
"[Rust by Παράδειγμα](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Παρακαλώ "
"δείτε το Κατάλογος `third_party/rust-by-example/` για λεπτομέρειες, "
"συμπεριλαμβανομένης της άδειας χρήσης όροι."
#: src/credits.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust on Exercism"
msgstr "Σκουριά στην άσκηση"
#: src/credits.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on Exercism](https://"
"exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the `third_party/rust-on-exercism/` "
"directory for details, including the license terms."
msgstr ""
"Ορισμένες ασκήσεις έχουν αντιγραφεί και προσαρμοστεί από το [Rust on Άσκηση]"
"(https://exercism.org/tracks/rust). Παρακαλώ δείτε το Κατάλογος `third_party/"
"rust-on-exercism/` για λεπτομέρειες, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της άδειας όροι."
#: src/credits.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "CXX"
msgstr "CXX"
#: src/credits.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section "
"uses an image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` "
"directory for details, including the license terms."
msgstr ""
"Η ενότητα [Διαλειτουργικότητα με C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) "
"χρησιμοποιεί ένα εικόνα από [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Δείτε τον κατάλογο "
"`third_party/cxx/` για λεπτομέρειες, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των όρων άδειας."
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages."
msgstr "Θα βρείτε λύσεις στις ασκήσεις στις επόμενες σελίδες."
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on GitHub](https://github."
"com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us know if you have a "
"different or better solution than what is presented here."
msgstr ""
"Μη διστάσετε να κάνετε ερωτήσεις σχετικά με τις λύσεις [on GitHub](https://"
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Ενημέρωσέ μας εάν έχετε "
"διαφορετική ή καλύτερη λύση από αυτή που παρουσιάζεται εδώ."
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"**Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label` "
"comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to re-"
"use parts of the solutions as the exercises."
msgstr ""
"**Σημείωση:** Αγνοήστε τα \"// ANCHOR: label\" και \"// ANCHOR_END: label\" "
"σχόλια που βλέπετε στις λύσεις. Είναι εκεί για να το κάνουν δυνατό "
"επαναχρησιμοποιήστε μέρη των λύσεων ως ασκήσεις."
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 1 Morning Exercises"
msgstr "Πρωινές ασκήσεις 1ης ημέρας"
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))"
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](for-loops.md))"
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: transpose\n"
"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n"
" let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n"
" for i in 0..3 {\n"
" for j in 0..3 {\n"
" result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" return result;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n"
"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n"
" for row in matrix {\n"
" println!(\"{row:?}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: tests\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_transpose() {\n"
" let matrix = [\n"
" [101, 102, 103], //\n"
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
" ];\n"
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
" assert_eq!(\n"
" transposed,\n"
" [\n"
" [101, 201, 301], //\n"
" [102, 202, 302],\n"
" [103, 203, 303],\n"
" ]\n"
" );\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: tests\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let matrix = [\n"
" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
" ];\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
" pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
"\n"
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
" println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
" pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:78
#, fuzzy
msgid "Bonus question"
msgstr "Ερώτηση μπόνους"
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:80
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a slice-"
"of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus make our "
"function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks down: the "
"return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the data you return."
msgstr ""
"Ειλικρινά δεν λειτουργεί τόσο καλά. Μπορεί να φαίνεται ότι θα μπορούσαμε να "
"χρησιμοποιήσουμε ένα slice-of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) ως τύπο εισόδου για να "
"μεταφέρουμε και έτσι να κάνουμε τη συνάρτησή μας να χειρίζεται οποιοδήποτε "
"μέγεθος πίνακα. Ωστόσο, αυτό αναλύεται γρήγορα: ο τύπος επιστροφής δεν "
"μπορεί να είναι \"&\\[&\\[i32\\]\\]\", καθώς πρέπει να είναι κάτοχος των "
"δεδομένων που επιστρέφετε."
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:82
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can attempt to use something like `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, but this doesn't work "
"out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec<Vec<i32>>` to "
"`&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either."
msgstr ""
"Μπορείτε να επιχειρήσετε να χρησιμοποιήσετε κάτι σαν `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, αλλά "
"ούτε αυτό λειτουργεί πολύ καλά: είναι δύσκολο να μετατρέψετε από "
"`Vec<Vec<i32>>` σε \\`&\\[&\\[i32\\]\\] Έτσι τώρα δεν μπορείτε να "
"χρησιμοποιήσετε εύκολα ούτε το \"pretty_print\"."
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:84
msgid ""
"Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::convert::"
"AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html) trait to "
"abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:86
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"use std::convert::AsRef;\n"
"use std::fmt::Debug;\n"
"\n"
"fn pretty_print<T, Line, Matrix>(matrix: Matrix)\n"
"where\n"
" T: Debug,\n"
" // A line references a slice of items\n"
" Line: AsRef<[T]>,\n"
" // A matrix references a slice of lines\n"
" Matrix: AsRef<[Line]>\n"
"{\n"
" for row in matrix.as_ref() {\n"
" println!(\"{:?}\", row.as_ref());\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" // &[&[i32]]\n"
" pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n"
" // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n"
" pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n"
" // Vec<Vec<i32>>\n"
" pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:113
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are of "
"the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix."
msgstr ""
"Επιπλέον, ο ίδιος ο τύπος δεν θα επιβάλλει ότι οι θυγατρικές φέτες έχουν το "
"ίδιο μήκος, επομένως μια τέτοια μεταβλητή θα μπορούσε να περιέχει έναν μη "
"έγκυρο πίνακα."
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 1 Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "1η ημέρα Απογευματινές Ασκήσεις"
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))"
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](luhn.md))"
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: luhn\n"
"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n"
" let mut digits_seen = 0;\n"
" let mut sum = 0;\n"
" for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ')."
"enumerate() {\n"
" match ch.to_digit(10) {\n"
" Some(d) => {\n"
" sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n"
" let dd = d * 2;\n"
" dd / 10 + dd % 10\n"
" } else {\n"
" d\n"
" };\n"
" digits_seen += 1;\n"
" }\n"
" None => return false,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" if digits_seen < 2 {\n"
" return false;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" sum % 10 == 0\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n"
" println!(\n"
" \"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n"
" if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n"
" );\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:97
#, fuzzy
msgid "Pattern matching"
msgstr "Αντιστοίχιση προτύπων"
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:99
msgid "TBD."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 2 Morning Exercises"
msgstr "2η ημέρα Πρωινές ασκήσεις"
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:3
msgid "Designing a Library"
msgstr "Σχεδιασμός Βιβλιοθηκών"
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))"
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](book-library.md))"
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
"struct Library {\n"
" books: Vec<Book>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Book {\n"
" title: String,\n"
" year: u16,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Book {\n"
" // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
" Book {\n"
" title: String::from(title),\n"
" year,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n"
"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n"
"//\n"
"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n"
"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n"
"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n"
"impl Library {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Library_new\n"
" fn new() -> Library {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n"
" Library { books: Vec::new() }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Library_len\n"
" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n"
" //}\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n"
" fn len(&self) -> usize {\n"
" self.books.len()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n"
" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n"
" //}\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n"
" fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
" self.books.is_empty()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n"
" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n"
" //}\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n"
" fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n"
" self.books.push(book)\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n"
" //fn print_books(self) {\n"
" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and "
"year\")\n"
" //}\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n"
" fn print_books(&self) {\n"
" for book in &self.books {\n"
" println!(\"{}, published in {}\", book.title, book.year);\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n"
" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n"
" //}\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n"
" fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
" // Using a closure and a built-in method:\n"
" // self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n"
"\n"
" // Longer hand-written solution:\n"
" let mut oldest: Option<&Book> = None;\n"
" for book in self.books.iter() {\n"
" if oldest.is_none() || book.year < oldest.unwrap().year {\n"
" oldest = Some(book);\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" oldest\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let library = Library::new();\n"
"\n"
" //println!(\"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", library."
"is_empty());\n"
" //\n"
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
"1865));\n"
" //\n"
" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", "
"library.is_empty());\n"
" //\n"
" //\n"
" //library.print_books();\n"
" //\n"
" //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n"
" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n"
" //}\n"
" //\n"
" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
" //library.print_books();\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_library_len() {\n"
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
" assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n"
" assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
"\n"
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
"1865));\n"
" assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n"
" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_library_is_empty() {\n"
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
" assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
"\n"
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_library_print_books() {\n"
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
"1865));\n"
" // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n"
" // method to start with.\n"
" library.print_books();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n"
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
" assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());\n"
"\n"
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
" assert_eq!(\n"
" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
" Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n"
" );\n"
"\n"
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
"1865));\n"
" assert_eq!(\n"
" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
" Some(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\")\n"
" );\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 2 Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "2η μέρα Απογευματινές Ασκήσεις"
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))"
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](strings-iterators.md))"
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n"
"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n"
"\n"
" let mut request_segments = request_path.split('/');\n"
"\n"
" for prefix_segment in prefix.split('/') {\n"
" let Some(request_segment) = request_segments.next() else {\n"
" return false;\n"
" };\n"
" if request_segment != prefix_segment && prefix_segment != \"*\" {\n"
" return false;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" true\n"
"\n"
" // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate simultaneously over "
"prefix\n"
" // and request segments. The zip() iterator is finished as soon as one "
"of\n"
" // the source iterators is finished, but we need to iterate over all "
"request\n"
" // segments. A neat trick that makes zip() work is to use map() and "
"chain()\n"
" // to produce an iterator that returns Some(str) for each pattern "
"segments,\n"
" // and then returns None indefinitely.\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/"
"abc-123\"));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/"
"books\"));\n"
"\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/"
"publishers\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
" ));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
" ));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
" ));\n"
"\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/"
"publishers\"));\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
" ));\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 3 Morning Exercise"
msgstr "3η ημέρα Πρωινή άσκηση"
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))"
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](simple-gui.md))"
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
"pub trait Widget {\n"
" /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
"\n"
" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
"\n"
" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
" fn draw(&self) {\n"
" let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Label {\n"
" label: String,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Label {\n"
" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
" Label {\n"
" label: label.to_owned(),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Button {\n"
" label: Label,\n"
" callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Button {\n"
" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
" Button {\n"
" label: Label::new(label),\n"
" callback,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Window {\n"
" title: String,\n"
" widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Window {\n"
" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
" Window {\n"
" title: title.to_owned(),\n"
" widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
" self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" std::cmp::max(\n"
" self.title.chars().count(),\n"
" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
" )\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Window-width\n"
"impl Widget for Window {\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n"
" // Add 4 paddings for borders\n"
" self.inner_width() + 4\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n"
" let mut inner = String::new();\n"
" for widget in &self.widgets {\n"
" widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" let inner_width = self.inner_width();\n"
"\n"
" // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n"
" // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n"
" // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"| {:^inner_width$} |\", &self.title).unwrap();\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"+={:=<inner_width$}=+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" for line in inner.lines() {\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"| {:inner_width$} |\", line).unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Button-width\n"
"impl Widget for Button {\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n"
" self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n"
" let width = self.width();\n"
" let mut label = String::new();\n"
" self.label.draw_into(&mut label);\n"
"\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" for line in label.lines() {\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"|{:^width$}|\", &line).unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Label-width\n"
"impl Widget for Label {\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n"
" self.label\n"
" .lines()\n"
" .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n"
" .max()\n"
" .unwrap_or(0)\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo."
"\")));\n"
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
" \"Click me!\",\n"
" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
" )));\n"
" window.draw();\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:177
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))"
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](points-polygons.md))"
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:179
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
"// ANCHOR: Point\n"
"pub struct Point {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Point\n"
" x: i32,\n"
" y: i32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n"
"impl Point {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n"
" pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n"
" Point { x, y }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n"
" f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n"
" (self - other).magnitude()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
" type Output = Self;\n"
"\n"
" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
" Self {\n"
" x: self.x + other.x,\n"
" y: self.y + other.y,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n"
" type Output = Self;\n"
"\n"
" fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
" Self {\n"
" x: self.x - other.x,\n"
" y: self.y - other.y,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Polygon\n"
"pub struct Polygon {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n"
" points: Vec<Point>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n"
"impl Polygon {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n"
" pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n"
" Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n"
" self.points.push(point);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option<Point> {\n"
" self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Point> {\n"
" self.points.iter()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n"
" if self.points.is_empty() {\n"
" return 0.0;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" let mut result = 0.0;\n"
" let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n"
" for point in &self.points[1..] {\n"
" result += last_point.dist(*point);\n"
" last_point = *point;\n"
" }\n"
" result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n"
" result\n"
" // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate over the points as "
"pairs\n"
" // but we need to pair each point with the next one, and the last "
"point\n"
" // with the first point. The zip() iterator is finished as soon as "
"one of \n"
" // the source iterators is finished, a neat trick is to combine "
"Iterator::cycle\n"
" // with Iterator::skip to create the second iterator for the zip and "
"using map \n"
" // and sum to calculate the total length.\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Circle\n"
"pub struct Circle {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n"
" center: Point,\n"
" radius: i32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n"
"impl Circle {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n"
" pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n"
" Circle { center, radius }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n"
" 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n"
" self.center.dist(other.center)\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Shape\n"
"pub enum Shape {\n"
" Polygon(Polygon),\n"
" Circle(Circle),\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: Shape\n"
"\n"
"impl From<Polygon> for Shape {\n"
" fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n"
" Shape::Polygon(poly)\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl From<Circle> for Shape {\n"
" fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n"
" Shape::Circle(circle)\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Shape {\n"
" pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n"
" match self {\n"
" Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n"
" Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
"mod tests {\n"
" use super::*;\n"
"\n"
" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_point_dist() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_point_add() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
"\n"
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
"\n"
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
"\n"
" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
" let shapes = vec![\n"
" Shape::from(poly),\n"
" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
" ];\n"
" let perimeters = shapes\n"
" .iter()\n"
" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
" .map(round_two_digits)\n"
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 3 Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "3η ημέρα Απογευματινές Ασκήσεις"
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: ffi\n"
"mod ffi {\n"
" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n"
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n"
"\n"
" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
" #[repr(C)]\n"
" pub struct DIR {\n"
" _data: [u8; 0],\n"
" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::"
"PhantomPinned)>,\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t "
"and\n"
" // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n"
" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n"
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
" #[repr(C)]\n"
" pub struct dirent {\n"
" pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n"
" pub d_off: c_long,\n"
" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
" pub d_type: c_uchar,\n"
" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n"
" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
" #[repr(C)]\n"
" pub struct dirent {\n"
" pub d_fileno: u64,\n"
" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n"
" pub d_reclen: u16,\n"
" pub d_namlen: u16,\n"
" pub d_type: u8,\n"
" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" extern \"C\" {\n"
" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
"\n"
" #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n"
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
"\n"
" // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section "
"on\n"
" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n"
" //\n"
" // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" "
"refers\n"
" // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and "
"PowerPC.\n"
" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n"
" #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n"
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
"\n"
" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
" path: CString,\n"
" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: ffi\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n"
"impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
" fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n"
" let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid path: "
"{err}\"))?;\n"
" // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n"
" let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n"
" if dir.is_null() {\n"
" Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n"
" } else {\n"
" Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Iterator\n"
"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
" type Item = OsString;\n"
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n"
" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n"
" let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n"
" if dirent.is_null() {\n"
" // We have reached the end of the directory.\n"
" return None;\n"
" }\n"
" // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n"
" // terminated.\n"
" let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n"
" let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n"
" Some(os_str.to_owned())\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Drop\n"
"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
" // Call closedir as needed.\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n"
" if !self.dir.is_null() {\n"
" // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n"
" if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n"
" panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"\n"
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
"mod tests {\n"
" use super::*;\n"
" use std::error::Error;\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_nonexisting_directory() {\n"
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\"no-such-directory\");\n"
" assert!(iter.is_err());\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_empty_directory() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n"
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n"
" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n"
" )?;\n"
" let mut entries = iter.collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
" entries.sort();\n"
" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\"]);\n"
" Ok(())\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_nonempty_directory() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n"
" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"foo.txt\"), \"The Foo "
"Diaries\\n\")?;\n"
" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"bar.png\"), \"<PNG>\\n\")?;\n"
" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"crab.rs\"), \"//! Crab\\n\")?;\n"
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n"
" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n"
" )?;\n"
" let mut entries = iter.collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
" entries.sort();\n"
" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\", \"bar.png\", \"crab.rs\", \"foo."
"txt\"]);\n"
" Ok(())\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise"
msgstr "3η ημέρα Πρωινή άσκηση"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))"
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](for-loops.md))"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: top\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: top\n"
"use core::cmp::{max, min};\n"
"use lsm303agr::{AccelOutputDataRate, Lsm303agr, MagOutputDataRate};\n"
"use microbit::display::blocking::Display;\n"
"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n"
"use microbit::hal::twim::Twim;\n"
"use microbit::hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte};\n"
"use microbit::hal::Timer;\n"
"use microbit::pac::twim0::frequency::FREQUENCY_A;\n"
"use microbit::Board;\n"
"\n"
"const COMPASS_SCALE: i32 = 30000;\n"
"const ACCELEROMETER_SCALE: i32 = 700;\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" // Configure serial port.\n"
" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
" board.UARTE0,\n"
" board.uart.into(),\n"
" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
" );\n"
"\n"
" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: main\n"
" writeln!(serial, \"Setting up IMU...\").unwrap();\n"
" let i2c = Twim::new(board.TWIM0, board.i2c_internal.into(), FREQUENCY_A::"
"K100);\n"
" let mut imu = Lsm303agr::new_with_i2c(i2c);\n"
" imu.init().unwrap();\n"
" imu.set_mag_odr(MagOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
" imu.set_accel_odr(AccelOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
" let mut imu = imu.into_mag_continuous().ok().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" // Set up display and timer.\n"
" let mut timer = Timer::new(board.TIMER0);\n"
" let mut display = Display::new(board.display_pins);\n"
"\n"
" let mut mode = Mode::Compass;\n"
" let mut button_pressed = false;\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: loop\n"
" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" loop {\n"
" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: loop\n"
" while !(imu.mag_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data\n"
" && imu.accel_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data)\n"
" {}\n"
" let compass_reading = imu.mag_data().unwrap();\n"
" let accelerometer_reading = imu.accel_data().unwrap();\n"
" writeln!(\n"
" serial,\n"
" \"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\",\n"
" compass_reading.x,\n"
" compass_reading.y,\n"
" compass_reading.z,\n"
" accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
" accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
" accelerometer_reading.z,\n"
" )\n"
" .unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" let mut image = [[0; 5]; 5];\n"
" let (x, y) = match mode {\n"
" Mode::Compass => (\n"
" scale(-compass_reading.x, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, "
"4) as usize,\n"
" scale(compass_reading.y, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, "
"4) as usize,\n"
" ),\n"
" Mode::Accelerometer => (\n"
" scale(\n"
" accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
" 0,\n"
" 4,\n"
" ) as usize,\n"
" scale(\n"
" -accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
" 0,\n"
" 4,\n"
" ) as usize,\n"
" ),\n"
" };\n"
" image[y][x] = 255;\n"
" display.show(&mut timer, image, 100);\n"
"\n"
" // If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink "
"all LEDs on.\n"
" if board.buttons.button_a.is_low().unwrap() {\n"
" if !button_pressed {\n"
" mode = mode.next();\n"
" display.show(&mut timer, [[255; 5]; 5], 200);\n"
" }\n"
" button_pressed = true;\n"
" } else {\n"
" button_pressed = false;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
"enum Mode {\n"
" Compass,\n"
" Accelerometer,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Mode {\n"
" fn next(self) -> Self {\n"
" match self {\n"
" Self::Compass => Self::Accelerometer,\n"
" Self::Accelerometer => Self::Compass,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn scale(value: i32, min_in: i32, max_in: i32, min_out: i32, max_out: i32) -"
"> i32 {\n"
" let range_in = max_in - min_in;\n"
" let range_out = max_out - min_out;\n"
" cap(\n"
" min_out + range_out * (value - min_in) / range_in,\n"
" min_out,\n"
" max_out,\n"
" )\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn cap(value: i32, min_value: i32, max_value: i32) -> i32 {\n"
" max(min_value, min(value, max_value))\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))"
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](luhn.md))"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:7
msgid "`main.rs`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:9
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: top\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"mod logger;\n"
"mod pl011;\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: top\n"
"mod pl031;\n"
"\n"
"use crate::pl031::Rtc;\n"
"use arm_gic::gicv3::{IntId, Trigger};\n"
"use arm_gic::{irq_enable, wfi};\n"
"use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};\n"
"use core::hint::spin_loop;\n"
"// ANCHOR: imports\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n"
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n"
"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n"
"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: imports\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n"
"const PL031_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x901_0000 as _;\n"
"/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n"
"const PL031_IRQ: IntId = IntId::spi(2);\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
"device,\n"
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the "
"base\n"
" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n"
" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n"
" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, "
"GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
" gic.setup();\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 "
"device,\n"
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
" let mut rtc = unsafe { Rtc::new(PL031_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
" let timestamp = rtc.read();\n"
" let time = Utc.timestamp_opt(timestamp.into(), 0).unwrap();\n"
" info!(\"RTC: {time}\");\n"
"\n"
" GicV3::set_priority_mask(0xff);\n"
" gic.set_interrupt_priority(PL031_IRQ, 0x80);\n"
" gic.set_trigger(PL031_IRQ, Trigger::Level);\n"
" irq_enable();\n"
" gic.enable_interrupt(PL031_IRQ, true);\n"
"\n"
" // Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n"
" let target = timestamp + 3;\n"
" rtc.set_match(target);\n"
" info!(\n"
" \"Waiting for {}\",\n"
" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n"
" );\n"
" trace!(\n"
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
" rtc.matched(),\n"
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
" );\n"
" while !rtc.matched() {\n"
" spin_loop();\n"
" }\n"
" trace!(\n"
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
" rtc.matched(),\n"
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
" );\n"
" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n"
"\n"
" // Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n"
" let target = timestamp + 6;\n"
" info!(\n"
" \"Waiting for {}\",\n"
" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n"
" );\n"
" rtc.set_match(target);\n"
" rtc.clear_interrupt();\n"
" rtc.enable_interrupt(true);\n"
" trace!(\n"
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
" rtc.matched(),\n"
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
" );\n"
" while !rtc.interrupt_pending() {\n"
" wfi();\n"
" }\n"
" trace!(\n"
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
" rtc.matched(),\n"
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
" );\n"
" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: main_end\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[panic_handler]\n"
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
" error!(\"{info}\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: main_end\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:149
msgid "`pl031.rs`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:151
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n"
"\n"
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
"struct Registers {\n"
" /// Data register\n"
" dr: u32,\n"
" /// Match register\n"
" mr: u32,\n"
" /// Load register\n"
" lr: u32,\n"
" /// Control register\n"
" cr: u8,\n"
" _reserved0: [u8; 3],\n"
" /// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n"
" imsc: u8,\n"
" _reserved1: [u8; 3],\n"
" /// Raw Interrupt Status\n"
" ris: u8,\n"
" _reserved2: [u8; 3],\n"
" /// Masked Interrupt Status\n"
" mis: u8,\n"
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
" /// Interrupt Clear Register\n"
" icr: u8,\n"
" _reserved4: [u8; 3],\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"pub struct Rtc {\n"
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Rtc {\n"
" /// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at "
"the\n"
" /// given base address.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// # Safety\n"
" ///\n"
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of "
"a\n"
" /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
"process\n"
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
" Self {\n"
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Reads the current RTC value.\n"
" pub fn read(&self) -> u32 {\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an "
"interrupt\n"
" /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n"
" pub fn set_match(&mut self, value: u32) {\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).mr).write_volatile(value) }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or "
"not\n"
" /// the interrupt is enabled.\n"
" pub fn matched(&self) -> bool {\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).ris)."
"read_volatile() };\n"
" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// This should be true if and only if `matched` returns true and the\n"
" /// interrupt is masked.\n"
" pub fn interrupt_pending(&self) -> bool {\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).mis)."
"read_volatile() };\n"
" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false "
"the\n"
" /// interrupt is disabled.\n"
" pub fn enable_interrupt(&mut self, mask: bool) {\n"
" let imsc = if mask { 0x01 } else { 0x00 };\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).imsc)."
"write_volatile(imsc) }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n"
" pub fn clear_interrupt(&mut self) {\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).icr).write_volatile(0x01) }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
"// accessed from any context.\n"
"unsafe impl Send for Rtc {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Concurrency Morning Exercise"
msgstr "3η ημέρα Πρωινή άσκηση"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))"
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](dining-philosophers.md))"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n"
"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"struct Fork;\n"
"\n"
"struct Philosopher {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n"
" left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
" right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
" thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n"
"impl Philosopher {\n"
" fn think(&self) {\n"
" self.thoughts\n"
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
" .unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n"
" fn eat(&self) {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n"
" println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n"
" let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
" let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);\n"
"\n"
" let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n"
" .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n"
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
"\n"
" for i in 0..forks.len() {\n"
" let tx = tx.clone();\n"
" let mut left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n"
" let mut right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()]);\n"
"\n"
" // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
" // either of them.\n"
" if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n"
" std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" let philosopher = Philosopher {\n"
" name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n"
" thoughts: tx,\n"
" left_fork,\n"
" right_fork,\n"
" };\n"
"\n"
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
" for _ in 0..100 {\n"
" philosopher.eat();\n"
" philosopher.think();\n"
" }\n"
" });\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" drop(tx);\n"
" for thought in rx {\n"
" println!(\"{thought}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:104
#, fuzzy
msgid "Link Checker"
msgstr "Έλεγχος συνδέσμων πολλαπλών νημάτων"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:106
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](link-checker.md))"
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](luhn.md))"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:108
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"use std::{sync::Arc, sync::Mutex, sync::mpsc, thread};\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
"use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n"
"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
"enum Error {\n"
" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
" #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n"
" BadResponse(String),\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: visit_page\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct CrawlCommand {\n"
" url: Url,\n"
" extract_links: bool,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> Result<Vec<Url>, "
"Error> {\n"
" println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n"
" let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n"
" if !response.status().is_success() {\n"
" return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n"
" if !command.extract_links {\n"
" return Ok(link_urls);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
" let body_text = response.text()?;\n"
" let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n"
"\n"
" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n"
" let href_values = document\n"
" .select(&selector)\n"
" .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n"
" for href in href_values {\n"
" match base_url.join(href) {\n"
" Ok(link_url) => {\n"
" link_urls.push(link_url);\n"
" }\n"
" Err(err) => {\n"
" println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: "
"{err}\");\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(link_urls)\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: visit_page\n"
"\n"
"struct CrawlState {\n"
" domain: String,\n"
" visited_pages: std::collections::HashSet<String>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl CrawlState {\n"
" fn new(start_url: &Url) -> CrawlState {\n"
" let mut visited_pages = std::collections::HashSet::new();\n"
" visited_pages.insert(start_url.as_str().to_string());\n"
" CrawlState {\n"
" domain: start_url.domain().unwrap().to_string(),\n"
" visited_pages,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Determine whether links within the given page should be extracted.\n"
" fn should_extract_links(&self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n"
" let Some(url_domain) = url.domain() else {\n"
" return false;\n"
" };\n"
" url_domain == self.domain\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Mark the given page as visited, returning true if it had already\n"
" /// been visited.\n"
" fn mark_visited(&mut self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n"
" self.visited_pages.insert(url.as_str().to_string())\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"type CrawlResult = Result<Vec<Url>, (Url, Error)>;\n"
"fn spawn_crawler_threads(\n"
" command_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<CrawlCommand>,\n"
" result_sender: mpsc::Sender<CrawlResult>,\n"
" thread_count: u32,\n"
") {\n"
" let command_receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(command_receiver));\n"
"\n"
" for _ in 0..thread_count {\n"
" let result_sender = result_sender.clone();\n"
" let command_receiver = command_receiver.clone();\n"
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
" let client = Client::new();\n"
" loop {\n"
" let command_result = {\n"
" let receiver_guard = command_receiver.lock().unwrap();\n"
" receiver_guard.recv()\n"
" };\n"
" let Ok(crawl_command) = command_result else {\n"
" // The sender got dropped. No more commands coming in.\n"
" break;\n"
" };\n"
" let crawl_result = match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) "
"{\n"
" Ok(link_urls) => Ok(link_urls),\n"
" Err(error) => Err((crawl_command.url, error)),\n"
" };\n"
" result_sender.send(crawl_result).unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
" });\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn control_crawl(\n"
" start_url: Url,\n"
" command_sender: mpsc::Sender<CrawlCommand>,\n"
" result_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<CrawlResult>,\n"
") -> Vec<Url> {\n"
" let mut crawl_state = CrawlState::new(&start_url);\n"
" let start_command = CrawlCommand { url: start_url, extract_links: "
"true };\n"
" command_sender.send(start_command).unwrap();\n"
" let mut pending_urls = 1;\n"
"\n"
" let mut bad_urls = Vec::new();\n"
" while pending_urls > 0 {\n"
" let crawl_result = result_receiver.recv().unwrap();\n"
" pending_urls -= 1;\n"
"\n"
" match crawl_result {\n"
" Ok(link_urls) => {\n"
" for url in link_urls {\n"
" if crawl_state.mark_visited(&url) {\n"
" let extract_links = crawl_state."
"should_extract_links(&url);\n"
" let crawl_command = CrawlCommand { url, "
"extract_links };\n"
" command_sender.send(crawl_command).unwrap();\n"
" pending_urls += 1;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" Err((url, error)) => {\n"
" bad_urls.push(url);\n"
" println!(\"Got crawling error: {:#}\", error);\n"
" continue;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" bad_urls\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn check_links(start_url: Url) -> Vec<Url> {\n"
" let (result_sender, result_receiver) = mpsc::channel::<CrawlResult>();\n"
" let (command_sender, command_receiver) = mpsc::channel::"
"<CrawlCommand>();\n"
" spawn_crawler_threads(command_receiver, result_sender, 16);\n"
" control_crawl(start_url, command_sender, result_receiver)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let start_url = reqwest::Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\")."
"unwrap();\n"
" let bad_urls = check_links(start_url);\n"
" println!(\"Bad URLs: {:#?}\", bad_urls);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Concurrency Afternoon Exercise"
msgstr "1η ημέρα Απογευματινές Ασκήσεις"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))"
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](dining-philosophers.md))"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n"
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
"use tokio::time;\n"
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n"
"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n"
"\n"
"struct Fork;\n"
"\n"
"struct Philosopher {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n"
" left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
" right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
" thoughts: Sender<String>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n"
"impl Philosopher {\n"
" async fn think(&self) {\n"
" self.thoughts\n"
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))."
"await\n"
" .unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n"
" async fn eat(&self) {\n"
" // Pick up forks...\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n"
" let _first_lock = self.left_fork.lock().await;\n"
" // Add a delay before picking the second fork to allow the "
"execution\n"
" // to transfer to another task\n"
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(1)).await;\n"
" let _second_lock = self.right_fork.lock().await;\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-body\n"
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-body\n"
"\n"
" // The locks are dropped here\n"
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
" // Create forks\n"
" let mut forks = vec![];\n"
" (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len()).for_each(|_| forks.push(Arc::new(Mutex::"
"new(Fork))));\n"
"\n"
" // Create philosophers\n"
" let (philosophers, mut rx) = {\n"
" let mut philosophers = vec![];\n"
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n"
" for (i, name) in PHILOSOPHERS.iter().enumerate() {\n"
" let left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n"
" let right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % PHILOSOPHERS."
"len()]);\n"
" // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
" // either of them.\n"
" if i == 0 {\n"
" std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n"
" }\n"
" philosophers.push(Philosopher {\n"
" name: name.to_string(),\n"
" left_fork,\n"
" right_fork,\n"
" thoughts: tx.clone(),\n"
" });\n"
" }\n"
" (philosophers, rx)\n"
" // tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n"
" };\n"
"\n"
" // Make them think and eat\n"
" for phil in philosophers {\n"
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
" for _ in 0..100 {\n"
" phil.think().await;\n"
" phil.eat().await;\n"
" }\n"
" });\n"
"\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Output their thoughts\n"
" while let Some(thought) = rx.recv().await {\n"
" println!(\"Here is a thought: {thought}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:121
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))"
msgstr "([επιστροφή στην άσκηση](luhn.md))"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:125
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n"
"use std::error::Error;\n"
"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n"
"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n"
"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n"
"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: handle_connection\n"
"async fn handle_connection(\n"
" addr: SocketAddr,\n"
" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream<TcpStream>,\n"
" bcast_tx: Sender<String>,\n"
") -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: handle_connection\n"
"\n"
" ws_stream\n"
" .send(Message::text(\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\".into()))\n"
" .await?;\n"
" let mut bcast_rx = bcast_tx.subscribe();\n"
"\n"
" // A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) "
"receiving\n"
" // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n"
" // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n"
" loop {\n"
" tokio::select! {\n"
" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n"
" match incoming {\n"
" Some(Ok(msg)) => {\n"
" let msg = msg.as_text()?;\n"
" println!(\"From client {addr:?} {msg:?}\");\n"
" bcast_tx.send(msg.into())?;\n"
" }\n"
" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
" None => return Ok(()),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" msg = bcast_rx.recv() => {\n"
" ws_stream.send(Message::text(msg?)).await?;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" // ANCHOR: main\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n"
"\n"
" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n"
" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n"
"\n"
" loop {\n"
" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n"
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n"
" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n"
"\n"
" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n"
" });\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:210
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n"
"use http::Uri;\n"
"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n"
"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n"
" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::"
"from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n"
" .connect()\n"
" .await?;\n"
"\n"
" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n"
" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
" // Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n"
" loop {\n"
" tokio::select! {\n"
" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n"
" match incoming {\n"
" Some(Ok(msg)) => println!(\"From server: {}\", msg."
"as_text()?),\n"
" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
" None => return Ok(()),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" res = stdin.next_line() => {\n"
" match res {\n"
" Ok(None) => return Ok(()),\n"
" Ok(Some(line)) => ws_stream.send(Message::text(line."
"to_string())).await?,\n"
" Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#~ msgid "Day 4: Morning"
#~ msgstr "4η μέρα: Πρωί"
#~ msgid "Day 4: Afternoon (Android)"
#~ msgstr "4η μέρα: Απόγευμα (Android)"
#~ msgid "Day 4 Morning"
#~ msgstr "4η ημέρα Πρωί"
#~ msgid "Build workflow"
#~ msgstr "Ροή εργασίας κατασκευής"
#~ msgid "GitHub contributors"
#~ msgstr "Συνεργάτες GitHub"
#~ msgid "GitHub stars"
#~ msgstr "Αστέρια GitHub"
#~ msgid "On Day 4, we will cover Android-specific things such as:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Την 4η Ημέρα, θα καλύψουμε πράγματα που αφορούν συγκεκριμένα το Android, "
#~ "όπως:"
#~ msgid "Building Android components in Rust."
#~ msgstr "Δημιουργία Android components με Rust."
#~ msgid "AIDL servers and clients."
#~ msgstr "Εξυπηρετητές και πελάτες AIDL."
#~ msgid "Interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
#~ msgstr "Διαλειτουργικότητα με C, C++ και Java."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "It is important to note that this course does not cover Android "
#~ "**application** development in Rust, and that the Android-specific parts "
#~ "are specifically about writing code for Android itself, the operating "
#~ "system. "
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Είναι σημαντικό να σημειωθεί ότι αυτό το μάθημα δεν καλύπτει την "
#~ "ανάπτυξη**εφαρμογών** Android σε Rust. Το κομμάτι του μαθήματος που αφορά "
#~ "τοAndroid έχει να κάνει με ανάπτυξη κώδικα για το ίδιο το Android, ως "
#~ "λειτουργικό σύστημα."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Learn how to use async Rust --- we'll only mention async Rust when "
#~ "covering traditional concurrency primitives. Please see [Asynchronous "
#~ "Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) instead for "
#~ "details on this topic."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Χρήση async Rust --- θα αναφέρουμε στην async Rust μόνο όταν καλύψουμε τα "
#~ "παραδοσιακά δομικά στοιχεία συγχρονισμού. Δείτε και [Ασύγχρονος "
#~ "Προγραμματισμός σε Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) για "
#~ "λεπτομέρειες για αυτό το θέμα."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Select your topic for the afternoon of the fourth day. This may be based "
#~ "on the audience you expect, or on your own expertise."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Επιλέξτε το θέμα σας για το απόγευμα της τέταρτης ημέρας. Αυτό μπορεί να "
#~ "βασίζεται στο κοινό που περιμένετε ή στη δική σας εμπειρία."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Prepare anything you need to have available for the afternoon of day 4."
#~ msgstr "Ετοιμάστε οτιδήποτε χρειάζεστε για το απόγευμα της 4ης ημέρας."
#~ msgid "Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker."
#~ msgstr "Ημέρα 1: Βασική Rust, ιδιοκτησία και ο έλεγχος δανείων."
#~ msgid "Day 4: Concurrency in Rust and seeing Rust in action."
#~ msgstr "Ημέρα 4: Συγχρονισμός στη Rust. Rust στην πράξη."
#~ msgid "Day 4"
#~ msgstr "Ημέρα 4η"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The afternoon of the fourth day should cover a topic of your choice. "
#~ "Include the topic in the announcement of the course, so that participants "
#~ "know what to expect."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Το απόγευμα της τέταρτης ημέρας μπορεί να καλύψει ένα θέμα τηςαρεσκείας "
#~ "σας. Σημειώστε το θέμα που επιλέξατε στην ανακοίνωση του μαθήματος ώστε "
#~ "οισυμμετέχοντες να ξέρουν τι να περιμένουν."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "This phase of the course is a chance for participants to see Rust in "
#~ "action on a codebase they might be familiar with. You can choose from the "
#~ "topics already defined here, or plan your own."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Αυτή η φάση του μαθήματος είναι μια ευκαιρία για τους συμμετέχοντες να "
#~ "δουν τη Rust στην πράξη, σε ένα πρότζεκτ με το οποίο μπορεί να είναι ήδη "
#~ "εξοικειωμένοι. Μπορείτε να διαλέξετε θέματα που έχουμε ήδη προετοιμάσει, "
#~ "ή κάτι δικό σας."
#~ msgid "Some topics need additional preparation:"
#~ msgstr "Κάποια θέματα απαιτούν επιπλέον προετοιμασία."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Rustup (Recommended)"
#~ msgstr "Rustup (Συνιστάται)"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can follow the instructions to install cargo and rust compiler, among "
#~ "other standard ecosystem tools with the [rustup](https://rust-analyzer."
#~ "github.io/) tool, which is maintained by the Rust Foundation."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Μπορείτε να ακολουθήσετε τις οδηγίες για την εγκατάσταση του "
#~ "μεταγλωττιστή φορτίου και σκουριάς, μεταξύ άλλων τυπικών εργαλείων "
#~ "οικοσυστήματος με το εργαλείο [rustup](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/), "
#~ "το οποίο διατηρείται από το Rust Foundation."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Package Managers"
#~ msgstr "Διαχειριστές πακέτων"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Debian"
#~ msgstr "Debian"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
#~ "fn main() {\n"
#~ " fizzbuzz_to(20); // Defined below, no forward declaration needed\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "\n"
#~ "fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n"
#~ " if rhs == 0 {\n"
#~ " return false; // Corner case, early return\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return "
#~ "value\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "\n"
#~ "fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // No return value means returning the unit "
#~ "type `()`\n"
#~ " match (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) {\n"
#~ " (true, true) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"),\n"
#~ " (true, false) => println!(\"fizz\"),\n"
#~ " (false, true) => println!(\"buzz\"),\n"
#~ " (false, false) => println!(\"{n}\"),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "\n"
#~ "fn fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) { // `-> ()` is normally omitted\n"
#~ " for i in 1..=n {\n"
#~ " fizzbuzz(i);\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // Χωρίς επιστροφή τιμής σημαίνει επιστροφή "
#~ "του τύπου μονάδας `()` αντιστοίχιση (is_divisible_by(n, 3), "
#~ "is_divisible_by(n, 5)) { (αληθινό, αληθινό) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"), "
#~ "(αληθές, λάθος) => println!(\"fizz\"), (ψευδές, αληθές) => println!"
#~ "(\"buzz\"), (ψεύτικο, ψευδές) => println!(\"{n}\"), } }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the \\[solutions\\] "
#~ "provided."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Αφού δείτε τις ασκήσεις, μπορείτε να δείτε τις \\[λύσεις\\] που "
#~ "παρέχονται."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Note that since `println!` is a macro, `x` is not moved, even using the "
#~ "function like syntax of `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Σημειώστε ότι επειδή το \"println!\" είναι μακροεντολή, το \"x\" δεν "
#~ "μετακινείται, ακόμη και χρησιμοποιώντας τη συνάρτηση όπως η σύνταξη του "
#~ "\"println!(\"x: {}\", x)\""
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Global state is managed with static and constant variables."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Η διαχείριση της παγκόσμιας κατάστασης γίνεται με στατικές και σταθερές "
#~ "μεταβλητές."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "You can declare compile-time constants:"
#~ msgstr "Μπορείτε να δηλώσετε σταθερές χρόνου μεταγλώττισης:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "You can also declare static variables:"
#~ msgstr "Μπορείτε επίσης να δηλώσετε στατικές μεταβλητές:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We will look at mutating static data in the [chapter on Unsafe Rust](../"
#~ "unsafe.md)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Θα εξετάσουμε τη μετάλλαξη στατικών δεδομένων στο \\[κεφάλαιο για την Μη "
#~ "ασφαλή σκουριά\\] (../unsafe.md)."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Potential for use-after-free."
#~ msgstr "Δυνατότητα χρήσης-μετά-δωρεάν."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The data was _moved_ from `s1` and `s1` is no longer accessible."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Τα δεδομένα _μετακινήθηκαν_ από το `s1` και το `s1` δεν είναι πλέον "
#~ "προσβάσιμο."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "A small book library,"
#~ msgstr "Iterators και ιδιοκτησία (σκληρό)."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "`mut self`: same as above, but while the method owns the object, it can "
#~ "mutate it too. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "`mut self`: όπως παραπάνω, αλλά ενώ η μέθοδος κατέχει το αντικείμενο, "
#~ "μπορεί μεταλλάξτε το και εσείς. Η πλήρης ιδιοκτησία δεν σημαίνει αυτόματα "
#~ "μεταβλητότητα."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "You use `if` very similarly to how you would in other languages:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Χρησιμοποιείτε το \"if\" πολύ παρόμοια με αυτό που θα κάνατε σε άλλες "
#~ "γλώσσες:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "If you want to match a value against a pattern, you can use `if let`:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Εάν θέλετε να ταιριάξετε μια τιμή με ένα μοτίβο, μπορείτε να "
#~ "χρησιμοποιήσετε το «αν επιτρέπεται»:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "`if let` can be more concise than `match`, e.g., when only one case is "
#~ "interesting. In contrast, `match` requires all branches to be covered."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Το «αν ας» μπορεί να είναι πιο συνοπτικό από το «ταίριασμα», π.χ., όταν "
#~ "μόνο μία περίπτωση είναι ενδιαφέρουσα. Αντίθετα, το \"match\" απαιτεί να "
#~ "καλύπτονται όλοι οι κλάδοι."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "For the similar use case consider demonstrating a newly stabilized [`let "
#~ "else`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/93628) feature."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Για παρόμοια περίπτωση χρήσης, εξετάστε το ενδεχόμενο να επιδείξετε μια "
#~ "νέα σταθεροποιημένη λειτουργία [`let else`](https://github.com/rust-lang/"
#~ "rust/pull/93628)."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The `while` keyword works very similar to other languages:"
#~ msgstr "Η λέξη-κλειδί \"while\" λειτουργεί πολύ παρόμοια με άλλες γλώσσες:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`for` expressions"
#~ msgstr "εκφράσεις «για»."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "If you need to mutate the data inside an `Rc`, you will need to wrap the "
#~ "data in a type such as [`Cell` or `RefCell`](../concurrency/shared_state/"
#~ "arc.md)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Εάν πρέπει να μεταλλάξετε τα δεδομένα μέσα σε ένα \"Rc\", θα πρέπει να "
#~ "τυλίξετε τα δεδομένα μέσα έναν τύπο όπως [`Cell` ή `RefCell`](../"
#~ "concurrency/shared_state/arc.md). Ανατρέξτε στο [`Arc`](https://doc.rust-"
#~ "lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) εάν βρίσκεστε σε ένα multi-threaded "
#~ "συμφραζόμενα."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Like C++'s `std::shared_ptr`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Το \"clone\" είναι φθηνό: δημιουργεί έναν δείκτη στην ίδια κατανομή και "
#~ "αυξάνει το πλήθος αναφοράς."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The module content can be omitted:"
#~ msgstr "Το περιεχόμενο της ενότητας μπορεί να παραλειφθεί:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The `garden` module content is found at:"
#~ msgstr "Το περιεχόμενο της ενότητας «garden» βρίσκεται στη διεύθυνση:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`src/garden.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)"
#~ msgstr "`src/garden.rs` (μοντέρνο στυλ Rust 2018)"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`src/garden/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)"
#~ msgstr "`src/garden/mod.rs` (παλαιότερο στυλ Rust 2015)"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ομοίως, μια ενότητα «garden:: λαχανικά» μπορεί να βρεθεί στη διεύθυνση:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`src/garden/vegetables.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)"
#~ msgstr "`src/garden/vegetables.rs` (μοντέρνο στυλ Rust 2018)"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)"
#~ msgstr "`src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (παλαιότερο στυλ Rust 2015)"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement "
#~ "the function:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Αντιγράψτε τον παρακάτω κώδικα στο <https://play.rust-lang.org/> και "
#~ "εφαρμόστε το λειτουργία:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`move` closures only implement `FnOnce`."
#~ msgstr "Τα κλεισίματα «μετακίνησης» εφαρμόζουν μόνο το «FnOnce»."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We've seen how a function can take arguments which implement a trait:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Είδαμε πώς μια συνάρτηση μπορεί να λάβει ορίσματα που υλοποιούν ένα "
#~ "χαρακτηριστικό:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "However, how can we store a collection of mixed types which implement "
#~ "`Display`?"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ωστόσο, πώς μπορούμε να αποθηκεύσουμε μια συλλογή μικτών τύπων που "
#~ "υλοποιούν το \"Display\";"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "For this, we need _trait objects_:"
#~ msgstr "Για αυτό, χρειαζόμαστε _trait αντικείμενα_:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Similarly, you need a trait object if you want to return different types "
#~ "implementing a trait:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ομοίως, χρειάζεστε ένα αντικείμενο χαρακτηριστικών εάν θέλετε να "
#~ "επιστρέψετε διαφορετικές τιμές υλοποίηση ενός χαρακτηριστικού:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
#~ "std/ffi/) module, particular for [`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
#~ "ffi/struct.CStr.html) and [`CString`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/"
#~ "struct.CString.html) types which are used to hold NUL-terminated strings "
#~ "coming from C. The [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) "
#~ "also has a very useful chapter about FFI."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Θα θέλετε επίσης να περιηγηθείτε στη λειτουργική μονάδα [`std::ffi`]"
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/), ειδικά για το [`CStr`](https://doc."
#~ "rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) και τύπους [`CString`](https://"
#~ "doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html) που χρησιμοποιούνται για "
#~ "τη διατήρηση συμβολοσειρών με τερματισμό NUL που προέρχονται από Γ. Το "
#~ "[Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) έχει επίσης ένα "
#~ "πολύ χρήσιμο κεφάλαιο για το FFI."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Welcome to Day 4"
#~ msgstr "Καλώς ήρθατε στην Ημέρα 4"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Fearless Concurrency"
#~ msgstr "Ατρόμητος Συγχρονισμός"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Day 4 Morning Exercise"
#~ msgstr "4η ημέρα Πρωινή άσκηση"