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mirror of https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust.git synced 2024-12-15 06:20:32 +02:00
comprehensive-rust/po/de.po
Martin Geisler 31de4e3dea
de: normalize line width to 79 columns (#954)
This was done using

    msgcat --width 79 -o po/de.po po/de.po

This is done to get a clean diff for the changes in #828, see also the
discussion in #800.
2023-07-11 10:03:12 -07:00

24561 lines
743 KiB
Plaintext

msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: \n"
"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
"Last-Translator: \n"
"Language-Team: \n"
"Language: de\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 3.3.1\n"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:3
msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
msgstr "Willkommen bei Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:4
msgid "Running the Course"
msgstr "Ablauf des Kurses"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:5
msgid "Course Structure"
msgstr "Kursstruktur"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:6
msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts"
msgstr "Tastaturkürzel"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:7
msgid "Translations"
msgstr "Übersetzungen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:8
msgid "Using Cargo"
msgstr "Cargo verwenden"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:9
msgid "Rust Ecosystem"
msgstr "Rust Ökosystem"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:10
msgid "Code Samples"
msgstr "Codebeispiele"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:11
msgid "Running Cargo Locally"
msgstr "Cargo lokal ausführen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:14
msgid "Day 1: Morning"
msgstr "Tag 1: Morgens"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:18 src/SUMMARY.md:75 src/SUMMARY.md:128 src/SUMMARY.md:185
#: src/SUMMARY.md:211 src/SUMMARY.md:259
msgid "Welcome"
msgstr "Willkommen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:19
msgid "What is Rust?"
msgstr "Was ist Rust?"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:20
msgid "Hello World!"
msgstr "Hallo Welt!"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:21
msgid "Small Example"
msgstr "Ein kleines Beispiel"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:22
msgid "Why Rust?"
msgstr "Warum Rust?"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:23
msgid "Compile Time Guarantees"
msgstr "Kompilierzeitgarantien"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:24
msgid "Runtime Guarantees"
msgstr "Laufzeitgarantien"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:25
msgid "Modern Features"
msgstr "Moderne Merkmale"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:26
msgid "Basic Syntax"
msgstr "Grundlegende Syntax"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:27
msgid "Scalar Types"
msgstr "Skalare Typen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:28
msgid "Compound Types"
msgstr "Verbundtypen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:29
msgid "References"
msgstr "Referenzen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:30
msgid "Dangling References"
msgstr "Hängende Referenzen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:31
msgid "Slices"
msgstr "Anteilstypen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:32
msgid "String vs str"
msgstr "String vs. str"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:33
msgid "Functions"
msgstr "Funktionen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:34
msgid "Rustdoc"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:35 src/SUMMARY.md:82
msgid "Methods"
msgstr "Methoden"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:36
msgid "Overloading"
msgstr "Überladen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:37 src/SUMMARY.md:66 src/SUMMARY.md:90 src/SUMMARY.md:119
#: src/SUMMARY.md:148 src/SUMMARY.md:177 src/SUMMARY.md:204 src/SUMMARY.md:225
#: src/SUMMARY.md:251 src/SUMMARY.md:273 src/SUMMARY.md:293
msgid "Exercises"
msgstr "Übungen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:38
msgid "Implicit Conversions"
msgstr "Implizite Konvertierungen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:39
msgid "Arrays and for Loops"
msgstr "Arrays und for-Schleifen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:41
msgid "Day 1: Afternoon"
msgstr "Tag 1: Nachmittags"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:43
msgid "Variables"
msgstr "Variablen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:44
msgid "Type Inference"
msgstr "Typinferenz"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:45
msgid "static & const"
msgstr "static & const"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:46
msgid "Scopes and Shadowing"
msgstr "Gültigkeitsbereiche und Verschattungen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:47
msgid "Memory Management"
msgstr "Speicherverwaltung"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:48
msgid "Stack vs Heap"
msgstr "Stapelspeicher vs. Haldenspeicher"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:49
msgid "Stack Memory"
msgstr "Stapelspeicher"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:50
msgid "Manual Memory Management"
msgstr "Manuelle Speicherverwaltung"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:51
msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management"
msgstr "Gültigkeitsbereichbasierte Speicherverwaltung"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:52
msgid "Garbage Collection"
msgstr "Automatische Speicherbereinigung"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:53
msgid "Rust Memory Management"
msgstr "Rust Speicherverwaltung"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:54
msgid "Comparison"
msgstr "Vergleich"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:55
msgid "Ownership"
msgstr "Eigentümerschaft"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:56
msgid "Move Semantics"
msgstr "Semantik des Verschiebens"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:57
msgid "Moved Strings in Rust"
msgstr "Verschieben von String in Rust"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:58
msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++"
msgstr "Doppel-Freigabe-Fehler in modernem C++"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:59
msgid "Moves in Function Calls"
msgstr "Verschieben in Funktionsaufrufen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:60
msgid "Copying and Cloning"
msgstr "Kopieren und Klonen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:61
msgid "Borrowing"
msgstr "Ausleihen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:62
msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows"
msgstr "Geteiltes und einmaliges Ausleihen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:63
msgid "Lifetimes"
msgstr "Lebensdauern"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:64
msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls"
msgstr "Lebensdauern in Funktionsaufrufen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:65
msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures"
msgstr "Lebensdauern in Datenstrukturen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:67
msgid "Designing a Library"
msgstr "Entwerfen einer Bibliothek"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:68
msgid "Iterators and Ownership"
msgstr "Iteratoren und Eigentümerschaft"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:71
msgid "Day 2: Morning"
msgstr "Tag 2: Morgens"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:76
msgid "Structs"
msgstr "Strukturen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:77
msgid "Tuple Structs"
msgstr "Tupelstrukturen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:78
msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax"
msgstr "Feld Abkürzungs Syntax"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:79
msgid "Enums"
msgstr "Aufzählungstypen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:80
msgid "Variant Payloads"
msgstr "Varianteninhalte"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:81
msgid "Enum Sizes"
msgstr "Größen von Aufzählungstypen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:83
msgid "Method Receiver"
msgstr "Methodenempfänger"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:84 src/SUMMARY.md:159 src/SUMMARY.md:272
msgid "Example"
msgstr "Beispiel"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:85
msgid "Pattern Matching"
msgstr "Musterabgleich"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:86
msgid "Destructuring Enums"
msgstr "Aufzählungstypen destrukturieren"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:87
msgid "Destructuring Structs"
msgstr "Strukturen destrukturieren"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:88
msgid "Destructuring Arrays"
msgstr "Arrays destrukturieren"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:89
msgid "Match Guards"
msgstr "Abgleichsbedingungen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:91
msgid "Health Statistics"
msgstr "Gesundheitsstatistiken"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:92
msgid "Points and Polygons"
msgstr "Punkte und Polygone"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:94
msgid "Day 2: Afternoon"
msgstr "Tag 2: Nachmittags"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:96 src/SUMMARY.md:286
msgid "Control Flow"
msgstr "Kontrollfluss"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:97
msgid "Blocks"
msgstr "Blöcke"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:98
msgid "if expressions"
msgstr "if-Ausdrücke"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:99
msgid "if let expressions"
msgstr "if let-Ausdrücke"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:100
msgid "while expressions"
msgstr "while-Ausdrücke"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:101
msgid "while let expressions"
msgstr "while let-Ausdrücke"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:102
msgid "for expressions"
msgstr "for-Ausdrücke"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:103
msgid "loop expressions"
msgstr "loop-Ausdrücke"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:104
msgid "match expressions"
msgstr "match-Ausdrücke"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:105
msgid "break & continue"
msgstr "break & continue"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:106
msgid "Standard Library"
msgstr "Standardbibliothek"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:107
msgid "Option and Result"
msgstr "Option und Result"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:108
msgid "String"
msgstr "String"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:109
msgid "Vec"
msgstr "Vec"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:110
msgid "HashMap"
msgstr "HashMap"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:111
msgid "Box"
msgstr "Box"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:112
msgid "Recursive Data Types"
msgstr "Rekursive Datentypen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:113
msgid "Niche Optimization"
msgstr "Nischenoptimierung"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:114
msgid "Rc"
msgstr "Rc"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:115
msgid "Modules"
msgstr "Module"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:116
msgid "Visibility"
msgstr "Sichtbarkeit"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:117
msgid "Paths"
msgstr "Pfade"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:118
msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy"
msgstr "Dateisystemhierarchie"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:120
msgid "Luhn Algorithm"
msgstr "Luhn-Algorithmus"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:121
msgid "Strings and Iterators"
msgstr "Strings und Iteratoren"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:124
msgid "Day 3: Morning"
msgstr "Tag 3: Morgens"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:129
msgid "Generics"
msgstr "Generische Datentypen und Methoden"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:130
msgid "Generic Data Types"
msgstr "Generische Datentypen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:131
msgid "Generic Methods"
msgstr "Generische Methoden"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:132
msgid "Monomorphization"
msgstr "Monomorphisierung"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:133
msgid "Traits"
msgstr "Merkmale"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:134
msgid "Trait Objects"
msgstr "Merkmalsobjekte"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:135
msgid "Deriving Traits"
msgstr "Ableitung von Merkmalen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:136
msgid "Default Methods"
msgstr "Standardmethoden"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:137
msgid "Trait Bounds"
msgstr "Merkmalsgrenzen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:138
msgid "impl Trait"
msgstr "impl Merkmal"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:139
msgid "Important Traits"
msgstr "Wichtige Merkmale"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:140
msgid "Iterator"
msgstr "Iterator"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:141
msgid "FromIterator"
msgstr "FromIterator"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:142
msgid "From and Into"
msgstr "From und Into"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:143
msgid "Read and Write"
msgstr "Read und Write"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:144
msgid "Drop"
msgstr "Drop"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:145
msgid "Default"
msgstr "Default Merkmal"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:146
msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..."
msgstr "Operatoren: Add, Mul, ..."
#: src/SUMMARY.md:147
msgid "Closures: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:149
msgid "A Simple GUI Library"
msgstr "Eine einfache GUI-Bibliothek"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:151
msgid "Day 3: Afternoon"
msgstr "Tag 3: Nachmittags"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:153
msgid "Error Handling"
msgstr "Fehlerbehandlung"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:154
msgid "Panics"
msgstr "Laufzeitabbrüche"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:155
msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding"
msgstr "Abfangen der Auflösung des Stapelspeichers"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:156
msgid "Structured Error Handling"
msgstr "Strukturierte Fehlerbehandlung"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:157
msgid "Propagating Errors with ?"
msgstr "Weitergabe von Fehlern mit ?"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:158
msgid "Converting Error Types"
msgstr "Fehlertypen konvertieren"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:160
msgid "Deriving Error Enums"
msgstr "Ableiten von Fehleraufzählungen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:161
msgid "Dynamic Error Types"
msgstr "Dynamische Fehlertypen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:162
msgid "Adding Context to Errors"
msgstr "Kontext zu Fehlern hinzufügen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:163
msgid "Testing"
msgstr "Testen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:164
msgid "Unit Tests"
msgstr "Unit-Tests"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:165
msgid "Test Modules"
msgstr "Testmodule"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:166
msgid "Documentation Tests"
msgstr "Dokumentationstests"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:167
msgid "Integration Tests"
msgstr "Integrationstests"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:168
msgid "Useful crates"
msgstr "Nützliche Kisten (Crates)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:169
msgid "Unsafe Rust"
msgstr "Unsicheres Rust"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:170
msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers"
msgstr "Roh-zeiger dereferenzieren"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:171
msgid "Mutable Static Variables"
msgstr "Veränderbare statische Variablen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:172
msgid "Unions"
msgstr "Vereinigungen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:173
msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions"
msgstr "Unsichere Funktionen aufrufen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:174
msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions"
msgstr "Unsichere Funktionen schreiben"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:175
msgid "Extern Functions"
msgstr "Externe Funktionen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:176
msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits"
msgstr "Unsichere Merkmale implementieren"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:178
msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper"
msgstr "Sicherer FFI-Wrapper"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:181 src/SUMMARY.md:249
msgid "Android"
msgstr "Android"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:186
msgid "Setup"
msgstr "Einrichtung"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:187
msgid "Build Rules"
msgstr "Regeln beim Bauen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:188
msgid "Binary"
msgstr "Binärdatei"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:189
msgid "Library"
msgstr "Bibliothek"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:190
msgid "AIDL"
msgstr "AIDL"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:191
msgid "Interface"
msgstr "Schnittstelle"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:192
msgid "Implementation"
msgstr "Implementierung"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:193
msgid "Server"
msgstr "Server"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:194
msgid "Deploy"
msgstr "Einsetzen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:195
msgid "Client"
msgstr "Klient"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:196
msgid "Changing API"
msgstr "API verändern"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:197 src/SUMMARY.md:240
msgid "Logging"
msgstr "Protokollierung"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:198
msgid "Interoperability"
msgstr "Interoperabilität"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:199
msgid "With C"
msgstr "Mit C"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:200
msgid "Calling C with Bindgen"
msgstr "Aufruf von C-Funktionen mit Bindgen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:201
msgid "Calling Rust from C"
msgstr "Aufruf von Rust aus C"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:202
msgid "With C++"
msgstr "Mit C++"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:203
msgid "With Java"
msgstr "Mit Java"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:207
msgid "Bare Metal: Morning"
msgstr "Hardwarenahes Rust: Morgens"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:212
msgid "no_std"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:213
msgid "A Minimal Example"
msgstr "Kleines Beispiel"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:214
msgid "alloc"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:215
msgid "Microcontrollers"
msgstr "Mikrokontroller"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:216
msgid "Raw MMIO"
msgstr "MMIO"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:217
msgid "PACs"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:218
msgid "HAL Crates"
msgstr "HAL Kisten"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:219
msgid "Board Support Crates"
msgstr "Helfer Kisten"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:220
msgid "The Type State Pattern"
msgstr "Das Typzustandsmuster"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:221
msgid "embedded-hal"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:222
msgid "probe-rs, cargo-embed"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:223
msgid "Debugging"
msgstr "Debugging"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:224 src/SUMMARY.md:242
msgid "Other Projects"
msgstr "Andere Ressourcen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:226
msgid "Compass"
msgstr "Kompass"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:228
msgid "Bare Metal: Afternoon"
msgstr "Bare-Metal: Nachmittags"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:230
msgid "Application Processors"
msgstr "Applikationsprozessoren"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:231
msgid "Inline Assembly"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:232
msgid "MMIO"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:233
msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver"
msgstr "Schreiben eines UART Treibers"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:234
msgid "More Traits"
msgstr "Noch mehr Merkmale"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:235
msgid "A Better UART Driver"
msgstr "Ein besserer UART Treiber"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:236
msgid "Bitflags"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:237
msgid "Multiple Registers"
msgstr "Mehrere Register"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:238
msgid "Driver"
msgstr "Treiber"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:239 src/SUMMARY.md:241
msgid "Using It"
msgstr "Benutzung"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:243
msgid "Useful Crates"
msgstr "Nützliche Kisten"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:244
msgid "zerocopy"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:245
msgid "aarch64-paging"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:246
msgid "buddy_system_allocator"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:247
msgid "tinyvec"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:248
msgid "spin"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:250
msgid "vmbase"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:252
msgid "RTC Driver"
msgstr "RTC Treiber"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:255
msgid "Concurrency: Morning"
msgstr "Nebenläufigkeit: Morgens"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:260
msgid "Threads"
msgstr "Ausführungsstrang"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:261
msgid "Scoped Threads"
msgstr "Ausführungsstrang mit Sichtbarkeitsbereich"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:262
msgid "Channels"
msgstr "Kanäle"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:263
msgid "Unbounded Channels"
msgstr "Unbegrenzte Kanäle"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:264
msgid "Bounded Channels"
msgstr "Unbeschränkte Kanäle"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:265
msgid "Send and Sync"
msgstr "Send und Sync"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:265
msgid "Send"
msgstr "Send"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:265
msgid "Sync"
msgstr "Sync"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:268
msgid "Examples"
msgstr "Beispiele"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:269
msgid "Shared State"
msgstr "Geteilter Zustand"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:270
msgid "Arc"
msgstr "Arc"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:271
msgid "Mutex"
msgstr "Mutex"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:274 src/SUMMARY.md:294
msgid "Dining Philosophers"
msgstr "Philosophenproblem"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:275
msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker"
msgstr "Link Überprüfung mit mehreren Ausführungssträngen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:277
msgid "Concurrency: Afternoon"
msgstr "Nebenläufigkeit: Nachmittags"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:279
msgid "Async Basics"
msgstr "Async Grundlagen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:280
msgid "async/await"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:281
msgid "Futures"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:282
msgid "Runtimes"
msgstr "Laufzeiten"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:283
msgid "Tokio"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:284
msgid "Tasks"
msgstr "Aufgaben"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:285
msgid "Async Channels"
msgstr "Async Kanäle"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:287
msgid "Join"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:288
msgid "Select"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:289
msgid "Pitfalls"
msgstr "Tücken"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:290
msgid "Blocking the Executor"
msgstr "Blockieren des Ausführers"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:291
msgid "Pin"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:292
msgid "Async Traits"
msgstr "Async Merkmale"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:295
msgid "Broadcast Chat Application"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:298
msgid "Final Words"
msgstr "Letzte Worte"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:302
msgid "Thanks!"
msgstr "Danke!"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:303
msgid "Other Resources"
msgstr "Andere Ressourcen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:304
msgid "Credits"
msgstr "Würdigungen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:307
msgid "Solutions"
msgstr "Lösungen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:312
msgid "Day 1 Morning"
msgstr "Tag 1 Morgens"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:313
msgid "Day 1 Afternoon"
msgstr "Tag 1 Nachmittags"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:314
msgid "Day 2 Morning"
msgstr "Tag 2 Morgens"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:315
msgid "Day 2 Afternoon"
msgstr "Tag 2 Nachmittags"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:316
msgid "Day 3 Morning"
msgstr "Tag 3 Morgens"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:317
msgid "Day 3 Afternoon"
msgstr "Tag 3 Nachmittags"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:318
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning"
msgstr "Hardwarenahes Rust: Morgens"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:319
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon"
msgstr "Hadwarenahes Rust: Nachmittags"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:320
msgid "Concurrency Morning"
msgstr "Nebenläufigkeit Morgens"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:321
msgid "Concurrency Afternoon"
msgstr "Nebenläufigkeit Nachmittags"
#: src/welcome.md:1
msgid "# Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
msgstr "# Willkommen bei Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
#: src/welcome.md:3
msgid ""
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/"
"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/"
"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome.md:3
msgid "Build workflow"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome.md:3
msgid ""
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/"
"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/"
"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain)\n"
"[![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/"
"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome.md:4
msgid "GitHub contributors"
msgstr "Github Beiträger"
#: src/welcome.md:4
msgid ""
"[![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/"
"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors)\n"
"[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-"
"rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
"stargazers)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome.md:5
msgid "GitHub stars"
msgstr "Github Sterne"
#: src/welcome.md:5
msgid ""
"[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-"
"rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
"stargazers)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome.md:7
msgid ""
"This is a three day Rust course developed by the Android team. The course "
"covers\n"
"the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced topics like "
"generics\n"
"and error handling. It also includes Android-specific content on the last "
"day."
msgstr ""
"Dies ist ein dreitägiger Rust-Kurs, der vom Android-Team entwickelt wurde. "
"Der Kurs umfasst\n"
"das gesamte Spektrum von Rust, von grundlegender Syntax bis hin zu "
"fortgeschrittenen Themen wie generischen Methoden und Datentypen\n"
"sowie Fehlerbehandlung. Am letzten Tag werden auch Android-spezifische "
"Inhalte behandelt."
#: src/welcome.md:11
msgid ""
"The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know "
"anything\n"
"about Rust and hope to:"
msgstr ""
"Das Ziel des Kurses ist es, Dir Rust beizubringen. Wie setzen keine "
"Vorkenntnisse über Rust voraus, und hoffen das Folgende zu erreichen:"
#: src/welcome.md:14
msgid ""
"* Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language.\n"
"* Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust.\n"
"* Show you common Rust idioms."
msgstr ""
"* Dir ein umfassendes Verständnis der Rust-Syntax und -Sprache zu "
"vermitteln.\n"
"* Es dir ermöglichen, bestehende Programme zu modifizieren und neue "
"Programme in Rust zu schreiben.\n"
"* Dir gängige Rust-Idiome zu zeigen."
#: src/welcome.md:18
msgid ""
"The first three days show you the fundamentals of Rust. Following this, "
"you're\n"
"invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:"
msgstr ""
"In den ersten drei Tagen zeigen wir die Grundlagen von Rust. Danach, laden "
"wir dich ein\n"
"sich mit einem oder mehreren Spezialthemen zu befassen:"
#: src/welcome.md:21
msgid ""
"* [Android](android.md): a half-day course on using Rust for Android "
"platform\n"
" development (AOSP). This includes interoperability with C, C++, and Java.\n"
"* [Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): a full day class on using Rust for bare-"
"metal\n"
" (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application processors "
"are\n"
" covered.\n"
"* [Concurrency](concurrency.md): a full day class on concurrency in Rust. "
"We\n"
" cover both classical concurrency (preemptively scheduling using threads "
"and\n"
" mutexes) and async/await concurrency (cooperative multitasking using\n"
" futures)."
msgstr ""
"* [Android](android.md): ein halbtägiger Kurs zur Verwendung von Rust für "
"die Android-Plattform\n"
" Entwicklung (AOSP). Dazu gehört die Interoperabilität mit C, C++ und "
"Java.\n"
"* [Bare-Metal](bare-metal.md): ein ganztägiger Kurs über die Verwendung von "
"Rust für Bare-Metal\n"
" (eingebettete) Entwicklung. Sowohl Mikrocontroller als auch "
"Anwendungsprozessoren\n"
" bedeckt.\n"
"* [Concurrency](concurrency.md): ein ganztägiger Kurs zum Thema Parallelität "
"in Rust. Wir\n"
" decken sowohl die klassische Parallelität ab (präventive Planung mithilfe "
"von Threads als auch\n"
" Mutexe) und Async/Await-Parallelität (kooperatives Multitasking mit\n"
" Futures)."
#: src/welcome.md:32
msgid "## Non-Goals"
msgstr "## Nicht-Ziele"
#: src/welcome.md:34
msgid ""
"Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few "
"days.\n"
"Some non-goals of this course are:"
msgstr ""
"Rust ist eine große Sprache und wir werden sie in ein paar Tagen nicht "
"vollständig abdecken können.\n"
"Einige Nicht-Ziele dieses Kurses sind:"
#: src/welcome.md:37
msgid ""
"* Learn how to develop macros, please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust\n"
" Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by\n"
" Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead."
msgstr ""
"* Um zu erfahren, wie Du Makros entwickelst, siehe [Kapitel 19.5 im Rust\n"
" Buch](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) und [Rust im\n"
" Beispiel](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html)."
#: src/welcome.md:41
msgid "## Assumptions"
msgstr "## Annahmen"
#: src/welcome.md:43
msgid ""
"The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a "
"statically\n"
"typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and C++ to "
"better\n"
"explain or contrast the Rust approach."
msgstr ""
"Der Kurs setzt voraus, dass du bereits Programmierkenntnisse besitzt. Rust "
"ist eine statisch\n"
"typisierte Sprache und wir werden manchmal Vergleiche mit C und C++ machen, "
"um besser den Rust-Ansatz zu erklären oder gegenüberzustellen."
#: src/welcome.md:47
msgid ""
"If you know how to program in a dynamically typed language such as Python "
"or\n"
"JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too."
msgstr ""
"Aber auch wenn du Vorwissen in einer dynamisch typisierten Sprache wie "
"Python oder\n"
"JavaScript hast, wirst du problemlos folgen können."
#: src/welcome.md:50 src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:19
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:22 src/cargo/running-locally.md:68
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:14 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:19
#: src/hello-world.md:20 src/hello-world/small-example.md:21 src/why-rust.md:9
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:14 src/why-rust/runtime.md:8
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:19 src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:19
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:28 src/basic-syntax/references.md:21
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:18 src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:25
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:33 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:22
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:32 src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:25
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:9 src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:90
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:15 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:24
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:46
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:23 src/memory-management/stack.md:26
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:12 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:20
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:18 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:33
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:25 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:23
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:27
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:23
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:9 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:100
#: src/structs.md:29 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:35
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:25 src/enums.md:32
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:33 src/enums/sizes.md:27 src/methods.md:28
#: src/methods/receiver.md:22 src/methods/example.md:44
#: src/pattern-matching.md:23 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:33
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:21
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:19
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:20 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:9
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:115 src/control-flow/blocks.md:40
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:33
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:21
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:24
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:23
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:25
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:26 src/std.md:23
#: src/std/option-result.md:16 src/std/string.md:28 src/std/vec.md:35
#: src/std/hashmap.md:36 src/std/box.md:32 src/std/box-recursive.md:31
#: src/std/rc.md:29 src/modules.md:26 src/modules/visibility.md:37
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:42 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:5
#: src/generics/data-types.md:19 src/generics/methods.md:23
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:70 src/traits/default-methods.md:30
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:33 src/traits/impl-trait.md:21
#: src/traits/iterator.md:30 src/traits/from-iterator.md:15
#: src/traits/from-into.md:27 src/traits/drop.md:32 src/traits/default.md:38
#: src/traits/operators.md:24 src/traits/closures.md:23
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:5 src/error-handling/result.md:25
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:46
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:48
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:37
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:34
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:33 src/unsafe.md:26
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:25 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:30
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:19 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:31
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:19 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:28
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:5
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:81
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:10 src/bare-metal/minimal.md:15
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:37 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:23
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:62
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:47
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:37
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:26
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:30
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:17
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:14
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:25
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:16
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:5 src/bare-metal/aps.md:7
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:41 src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:7
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:53 src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:22
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:24
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:35
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:39
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:62
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:49 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:48
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:44
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:43
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:26
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:24
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:21
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:21 src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:19
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:5 src/concurrency/threads.md:28
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:35 src/concurrency/channels.md:25
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:18 src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:11
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:12 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:27
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:29
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:21
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:10 src/async/async-await.md:23
#: src/async/futures.md:30 src/async/runtimes.md:18
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:31 src/async/tasks.md:51
#: src/async/channels.md:33 src/async/control-flow/join.md:34
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:59
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:27 src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:66
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:11
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:75
msgid "<details>"
msgstr "<details>"
#: src/welcome.md:52
msgid ""
"This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional\n"
"information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor "
"should\n"
"cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class."
msgstr ""
"Dies ist ein Beispiel für eine _Sprechernotiz_, welche wir verwenden, um "
"weitere \n"
"Informationen zu den Folien hinzuzufügen. Sprechernotizen können wichtige "
"Punkte \n"
"beinhalten, die vom Kursleiter erwähnt werden sollten, oder auch Antworten "
"auf \n"
"Fragen, die typischerweise im Kurs vorkommen."
#: src/welcome.md:56 src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:67
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:35 src/cargo/running-locally.md:74
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:42 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:29
#: src/hello-world.md:40 src/hello-world/small-example.md:44 src/why-rust.md:24
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:35 src/why-rust/runtime.md:22
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:66 src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:43
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:62 src/basic-syntax/references.md:29
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:36 src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:44
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:41 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:33
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:45 src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:30
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:28 src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:95
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:20 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:48
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:52
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:39 src/memory-management/stack.md:49
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:18 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:26
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:26 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:51
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:51 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:29
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:60
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:30
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:15 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:104
#: src/structs.md:42 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:43
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:72 src/enums.md:42
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:45 src/enums/sizes.md:155 src/methods.md:41
#: src/methods/receiver.md:28 src/methods/example.md:53
#: src/pattern-matching.md:35 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:39
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:29
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:46
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:28 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:15
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:125 src/control-flow/blocks.md:46
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:37
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:41
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:29
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:30
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:32
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:33 src/std.md:31
#: src/std/option-result.md:25 src/std/string.md:42 src/std/vec.md:49
#: src/std/hashmap.md:66 src/std/box.md:39 src/std/box-recursive.md:41
#: src/std/rc.md:69 src/modules.md:32 src/modules/visibility.md:48
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:71 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:11
#: src/generics/data-types.md:25 src/generics/methods.md:31
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:83 src/traits/default-methods.md:60
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:50 src/traits/impl-trait.md:44
#: src/traits/iterator.md:42 src/traits/from-iterator.md:26
#: src/traits/from-into.md:33 src/traits/drop.md:42 src/traits/default.md:47
#: src/traits/operators.md:40 src/traits/closures.md:38
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:11 src/error-handling/result.md:33
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:53
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:60
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:45
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:41
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:42 src/unsafe.md:32
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:43 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:35
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:28 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:38
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:28 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:37
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:11
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:86
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:15 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:65
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:26 src/bare-metal/alloc.md:49
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:29
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:72
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:65
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:49
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:40
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:43
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:23
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:29
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:38
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:26
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:11 src/bare-metal/aps.md:15
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:58 src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:17
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:27 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:28
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:40
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:46
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:67
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:55 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:52
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:49
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:53
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:33
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:30
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:26
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:30 src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:25
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:11 src/concurrency/threads.md:45
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:40 src/concurrency/channels.md:32
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:23 src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:16
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:18 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:38
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:45
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:56
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:16 src/async/async-await.md:48
#: src/async/futures.md:45 src/async/runtimes.md:29
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:49 src/async/tasks.md:64
#: src/async/channels.md:49 src/async/control-flow/join.md:50
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:77
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:50 src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:112
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:63
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:17
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:79
msgid "</details>"
msgstr "</details>"
#: src/running-the-course.md:1
msgid "# Running the Course"
msgstr "# Ablauf des Kurses"
#: src/running-the-course.md:3 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:3
msgid "> This page is for the course instructor."
msgstr "> Diese Seite ist für den Kursleiter."
#: src/running-the-course.md:5
msgid ""
"Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the "
"course\n"
"internally at Google."
msgstr ""
"Hier ein paar Hintergrundinformationen darüber, wie wir den Kurs intern bei "
"Google \n"
"durchführen."
#: src/running-the-course.md:8
msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:"
msgstr "Bevor du den Kurs vorstellst solltest du:"
#: src/running-the-course.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"1. Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker "
"notes\n"
" to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more "
"speaker\n"
" notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker notes "
"in a\n"
" popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker Notes\"). "
"This way\n"
" you have a clean screen to present to the class.\n"
"\n"
"1. Decide on the dates. Since the course takes at least three full days, we "
"recommend that you\n"
" schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants have said that\n"
" they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them "
"process\n"
" all the information we give them.\n"
"\n"
"1. Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a\n"
" class size of 15-25 people. That's small enough that people are "
"comfortable\n"
" asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will "
"have\n"
" time to answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself "
"and for the\n"
" students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your "
"laptops.\n"
" In particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an instructor, "
"so a lectern won't\n"
" be very helpful for you.\n"
"\n"
"1. On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set "
"things\n"
" up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on "
"your\n"
" laptop (see the [installation instructions][3]). This ensures optimal "
"performance with no lag as you change pages.\n"
" Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as you or the course\n"
" participants spot them.\n"
"\n"
"1. Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups.\n"
" We typically spend 30-45 minutes on exercises in the morning and in the "
"afternoon (including time to review the solutions).\n"
" Make sure to\n"
" ask people if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. "
"When\n"
" you see that several people have the same problem, call it out to the "
"class\n"
" and offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant\n"
" information in the standard library."
msgstr ""
"1. Setze dich mit dem Kursmaterial auseinander. Wir haben Sprechernotizen "
"hinzugefügt, um Schlüsselpunkte hervorzuheben (gerne kannst du uns helfen "
"weitere Sprechernotizen hinzuzufügen!). Beim Vorstellen kannst du die "
"Sprechernotizen in einem Seitenfenster öffnen (klick dazu auf den kleinen "
"Pfeil neben \"Speaker Notes\"). Dadurch hast du eine übersichtliche "
"Oberfläche wenn du den Kurs vorstellst.\n"
"1. Am Nachmittag des vierten Tages kannst du ein Thema frei wählen. Du "
"kannst entweder ein Thema nach Schwierigkeitsgrad wählen, oder aber ein "
"Thema was zu deiner Zuhörerschaft passt.\n"
"1. Lege im Vorhinein die Kurszeiten fest. Der Kurs ist umfangreich, daher "
"empfehlen wir vier Tage in einem Zeitraum von zwei Wochen. Kursteilnehmer "
"meinten, dass Pausen zwischen den Tagen sinnvoll seien um die Menge an "
"Informationen zu verarbeiten.\n"
"1. Finde einen Raum der groß genug für alle anwesenden Teilnehmer ist. Wir "
"empfehlen eine Teilnehmeranzahl von 15 bis 20 Leuten. Das schafft ein gutes "
"Klima, um Fragen zu stellen, und es ist möglich alle Fragen zeitnah zu "
"beantworten. Stelle auch sicher, dass der Raum _Tische_ mit Stühlen für die "
"Teilnehmer und dich hat. Ihr werdet nämlich eure Laptops benötigen. Um genau "
"zu sein wirst du viel vorprogrammieren.\n"
"1. Sei schon etwas vor dem ersten Termin da, um alles vorzubereiten. Wir "
"schlagen vor, dass du `mdbook serve` direkt präsentierst (siehe "
"[Installationsanleitung][3]). Somit entstehen keine Störungen oder "
"Unklarheiten bei dem Wechseln von Seiten und falls du oder die Teilnehmer "
"Rechtschreibfehler finden können diese sofort behoben werden.\n"
"1. Gib den Kursteilnehmern Zeit die Aufgaben selbst oder in kleinen Gruppen "
"zu lösen. Vergiss nicht ab und an zu fragen ob jemand Hilfe benötigt. Wenn "
"mehrere Teilnehmer das gleiche Problem haben, spreche es vor allen "
"Teilnehmern an und zeige einen möglichen Lösungsweg auf. Z. B. könntest du "
"zeigen wo man die relevante Information in der Standardbibliothek findet.\n"
"1. Bereite alles vor was du am Nachmittag des vierten Tages behandeln "
"möchtest."
#: src/running-the-course.md:43
msgid ""
"That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun "
"for\n"
"you as it has been for us!"
msgstr ""
"Das ist alles, viel Glück bei der Durchführung des Kurses! Wir hoffen, dass "
"es dir \n"
"genauso viel Spaß machen wird wie uns!"
#: src/running-the-course.md:46
msgid ""
"Please [provide feedback][1] afterwards so that we can keep improving the\n"
"course. We would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made\n"
"better. Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback][2]!"
msgstr ""
"Bitte [gib anschließend Rückmeldung][1], damit wir den Kurs weiter "
"verbessern können. \n"
"Was uns besonders interessieren würde ist was gut funktioniert hat aber auch "
"was wir verbessern könnten.\n"
"Deine Teilnehmer sind natürlich auch herzlich eingeladen, [uns Rückmeldung "
"zu geben][2]!"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:1
msgid "# Course Structure"
msgstr "# Kursstruktur"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:5
msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:"
msgstr "Der Kurs geht in schnellem Tempo voran und deckt viele Themen ab:"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:7
msgid ""
"* Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker.\n"
"* Day 2: Compound data types, pattern matching, the standard library.\n"
"* Day 3: Traits and generics, error handling, testing, unsafe Rust."
msgstr ""
"* Tag 1: Rust Grundlagen, Eigentümerschaft (ownership) und der "
"Ausleihenprüfer (borrow checker).\n"
"* Tag 2: Zusammengesetzte Datentypen, Musterabgleich, die "
"Standardbibliothek.\n"
"* Tag 3: Merkmale und Generika, Fehlerbehandlung, Testen, unsicheres Rust."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:11
msgid "## Deep Dives"
msgstr "## Vertiefungen"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:13
msgid ""
"In addition to the 3-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more\n"
"specialized topics:"
msgstr ""
"Zusätzlich zu den Rust-Grundlagen behandeln wir noch einiges mehr\n"
"Spezialthemen nach Tag 3:"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:16
msgid "### Android"
msgstr "### Android"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:18
msgid ""
"The [Android Deep Dive](../android.md) is a half-day course on using Rust "
"for\n"
"Android platform development. This includes interoperability with C, C++, "
"and\n"
"Java."
msgstr ""
"Der [Android Deep Dive](../android.md) ist ein halbtägiger Kurs zur "
"Verwendung von Rust für\n"
"Entwicklung der Android-Plattform. Dazu gehört die Interoperabilität mit C, "
"C++ und\n"
"Java."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You will need an [AOSP checkout][1]. Make a checkout of the [course\n"
"repository][2] on the same machine and move the `src/android/` directory "
"into\n"
"the root of your AOSP checkout. This will ensure that the Android build "
"system\n"
"sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`."
msgstr ""
"Für die Android-spezifischen Teile an Tag 4 benötigst du eine lokale \n"
" Arbeitskopie von [AOSP][1]. Mache eine Arbeitskopie des [Kurses][2] \n"
" auf deinem Laptop und verschiebe das Verzeichnis `src/android/` in \n"
" das Stammverzeichnis Deiner AOSP Arbeitskopie . Dadurch wird \n"
" sichergestellt, dass das Android-Buildsystem die \n"
" `Android.bp`-Dateien in `src/android/` sehen kann."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:27
msgid ""
"Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build "
"all\n"
"Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to see "
"the\n"
"commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand."
msgstr ""
"Stelle sicher, dass `adb sync` auf deinem Emulator oder Rechner "
"funktioniert.\n"
"Erstelle bereits vor dem Kurs alle Android-Beispiele mit `src/android/"
"build_all.sh`. \n"
"Schaue auch in das Skript rein und probiere aus, ob alle Befehle, die es "
"ausführt\n"
"auch von Hand ausgeführt funktionieren."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:34
msgid "### Bare-Metal"
msgstr "### Bare-Metal"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:36
msgid ""
"The [Bare-Metal Deep Dive](../bare-metal.md): a full day class on using Rust "
"for\n"
"bare-metal (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application\n"
"processors are covered."
msgstr ""
"Der [Bare-Metal Deep Dive](../bare-metal.md): ein ganztägiger Kurs über die "
"Verwendung von Rust für\n"
"Bare-Metal-Entwicklung (eingebettet). Sowohl Mikrocontroller als auch "
"Anwendungen\n"
"Prozessoren sind abgedeckt."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:40
msgid ""
"For the microcontroller part, you will need to buy the [BBC\n"
"micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) v2 development board ahead of time. "
"Everybody\n"
"will need to install a number of packages as described on the [welcome\n"
"page](../bare-metal.md)."
msgstr ""
"Für den Mikrocontroller-Teil solltest Du das [BBC\n"
"micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) v2-Entwicklungsboard im Voraus kaufen. "
"Alle\n"
"müssen eine Reihe von Paketen installieren, wie auf der [Willkommens \n"
"Seite](../bare-metal.md) beschrieben."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:45
msgid "### Concurrency"
msgstr "### Nebenläufigkeit"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:47
msgid ""
"The [Concurrency Deep Dive](../concurrency.md) is a full day class on "
"classical\n"
"as well as `async`/`await` concurrency."
msgstr ""
"Der [Nebensläufgkeitsvertiefung](../concurrency.md) ist ein ganztägiger Kurs "
"zur klassischen \n"
"sowie „async“/„await“-Parallelität."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:50
msgid ""
"You will need a fresh crate set up and the dependencies downloaded and ready "
"to\n"
"go. You can then copy/paste the examples into `src/main.rs` to experiment "
"with\n"
"them:"
msgstr ""
"Du solltest eine neue Kiste (crate) einrichten und die Abhängigkeiten "
"(dependencies) herunterladen und einsatzbereit machen. Anschließend kannst "
"Du die Beispiele kopieren und in `src/main.rs` einfügen, um damit zu "
"experimentieren:"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:54
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"cargo init concurrency\n"
"cd concurrency\n"
"cargo add tokio --features full\n"
"cargo run\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:61
msgid "## Format"
msgstr "## Format"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:63
msgid ""
"The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the\n"
"questions drive the exploration of Rust!"
msgstr ""
"Der Kurs soll sehr interaktiv ablaufen und wir empfehlen, durch Fragen die \n"
"Erkundung von Rust voranzutreiben!"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:1
msgid "# Keyboard Shortcuts"
msgstr "# Tastaturkürzel"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:3
msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:"
msgstr "Es gibt mehrere nützliche Tastaturkürzel in mdBook:"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5
msgid ""
"* <kbd>Arrow-Left</kbd>: Navigate to the previous page.\n"
"* <kbd>Arrow-Right</kbd>: Navigate to the next page.\n"
"* <kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd>: Execute the code sample that has focus.\n"
"* <kbd>s</kbd>: Activate the search bar."
msgstr ""
"* <kbd>Pfeil-links</kbd>: Zur vorherigen Seite navigieren.\n"
"* <kbd>Pfeil-rechts</kbd>: Zur nächsten Seite navigieren.\n"
"* <kbd>Strg + Eingabe</kbd>: Führe das Codebeispiel aus, das aktuell den "
"Fokus hat.\n"
"* <kbd>s</kbd>: Suchleiste aktivieren."
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:1
msgid "# Translations"
msgstr "# Übersetzungen"
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:3
msgid ""
"The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful\n"
"volunteers:"
msgstr "Der Kurs wurde auch in andere Sprachen übersetzt:"
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:6
msgid ""
"* [Brazilian Portuguese][pt-BR] by [@rastringer] and [@hugojacob].\n"
"* [Korean][ko] by [@keispace], [@jiyongp] and [@jooyunghan]."
msgstr ""
"* [Brasilianisches Portugiesisch][pt-BR] von [@rastringer] und "
"[@hugojacob].\n"
"* [Koreanisch][ko] von [@keispace], [@jiyongp] und [@jooyunghan]."
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:9
msgid ""
"Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages."
msgstr "Benutze die Sprachenauswahl oben rechts, um die Sprache zu wechseln."
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:11
msgid "## Incomplete Translations"
msgstr "# Angefangene Übersetzungen"
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:13
msgid ""
"There is a large number of in-progress translations. We link to the most\n"
"recently updated translations:"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:16
msgid ""
"* [French][fr] by [@KookaS] and [@vcaen].\n"
"* [German][de] by [@Throvn] and [@ronaldfw].\n"
"* [Japanese][ja] by [@CoinEZ-JPN] and [@momotaro1105]."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:20
msgid ""
"If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions] for how "
"to\n"
"get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker]."
msgstr ""
"Wenn du uns hierbei unterstützen möchtest, lies dir bitte [unsere "
"Anweisungen][our instructions] durch.\n"
"Übersetzungen werden mit dem [Issue-Tracker][issue tracker] koordiniert."
#: src/cargo.md:1
msgid "# Using Cargo"
msgstr "# Cargo verwenden"
#: src/cargo.md:3
msgid ""
"When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool\n"
"used in the Rust ecosystem to build and run Rust applications. Here we want "
"to\n"
"give a brief overview of what Cargo is and how it fits into the wider "
"ecosystem\n"
"and how it fits into this training."
msgstr ""
"Wenn du anfängst über Rust zu lesen, wirst du sehr bald [Cargo](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/cargo/), \n"
"ein Standardwerkzeug, welches im Rust-Ökosystem verwendet wird, um Rust-"
"Anwendungen zu erstellen \n"
"und auszuführen, kennenlernen. Hier wollen wir einen kurzen Überblick geben, "
"was Cargo ist und wie es\n"
"in das breitere Ökosystem und in dieses Training passt."
#: src/cargo.md:8
msgid "## Installation"
msgstr "## Installation"
#: src/cargo.md:10
msgid "### Rustup (Recommended)"
msgstr "### Rustup (empfohlen)"
#: src/cargo.md:12
msgid ""
"You can follow the instructions to install cargo and rust compiler, among "
"other standard ecosystem tools with the [rustup][3] tool, which is "
"maintained by the Rust Foundation."
msgstr ""
"Du kannst den Anweisungen zur Installation von Cargo und des Rust-Compilers "
"sowie anderer Standard-Ökosystem-Tools mit dem Tool [rustup][3] folgen, das "
"von der Rust Foundation verwaltet wird."
#: src/cargo.md:14
msgid ""
"Along with cargo and rustc, Rustup will install itself as a command line "
"utility that you can use to install/switch toolchains, setup cross "
"compilation, etc."
msgstr ""
"Neben cargo und rustc installiert sich rustup selbst als "
"Befehlszeilenprogramm, mit welchem du Toolchains installieren/wechseln, oder "
"cross-Kompilierung einrichten kannst."
#: src/cargo.md:16
msgid "### Package Managers"
msgstr "### Paketmanager"
#: src/cargo.md:18
msgid "#### Debian"
msgstr "#### Debian"
#: src/cargo.md:20
msgid ""
"On Debian/Ubuntu, you can install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust "
"formatter][6] with"
msgstr ""
"Auf Debian/Ubuntu kannst du Cargo und den Rust Quellcode wie folgt "
"installieren"
#: src/cargo.md:22
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo.md:26
msgid ""
"This will allow [rust-analyzer][1] to jump to the definitions. We suggest "
"using\n"
"[VS Code][2] to edit the code (but any LSP compatible editor works)."
msgstr ""
"Dadurch kann [rust-analyzer][1] zu den Definitionen springen. Wir empfehlen "
"die Verwendung\n"
"von [VS Code][2], um Code zu bearbeiten (aber jeder LSP-kompatible Editor "
"funktioniert auch)."
#: src/cargo.md:29
msgid ""
"Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains][4] family of IDEs, which do "
"their own analysis but have their own tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can "
"install the [Rust Plugin][5]. Please take note that as of January 2023 "
"debugging only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite."
msgstr ""
"Einige Leute verwenden auch gerne die [JetBrains][4]-Familie von IDEs, die "
"eigene Code-Analysen durchführen, aber auch eigene Einschränkungen haben. "
"Wenn du diese IDEs bevorzugst, kannst du das [Rust-Plugin] [5] installieren. "
"Bitte beachte, dass das Debuggen seit Januar 2023 nur auf der CLion-Version "
"funktioniert, welche Teil der JetBrains IDEA-Suite ist."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1
msgid "# The Rust Ecosystem"
msgstr "# Das Rust-Ökosystem"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3
msgid ""
"The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:"
msgstr ""
"Das Rust-Ökosystem besteht aus einer Reihe von Werkzeugen, von denen die "
"wichtigsten die Folgenden sind:"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5
msgid ""
"* `rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and "
"other\n"
" intermediate formats.\n"
"\n"
"* `cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to\n"
" download dependencies hosted on <https://crates.io> and it will pass them "
"to\n"
" `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a built-in test\n"
" runner which is used to execute unit tests.\n"
"\n"
"* `rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to\n"
" install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust is "
"released.\n"
" In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the standard\n"
" library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once and "
"`rustup`\n"
" will let you switch between them as needed."
msgstr ""
"* `rustc`: der Rust-Compiler, der `.rs`-Dateien in Binärdateien und andere "
"Zwischenformate umwandelt\n"
"\n"
"* `cargo`: der Rust-Abhängigkeitsmanager (Dependency manager) und das "
"Bauwerkzeug (Build-Tool). Cargo weiß, wie die Abhängigkeiten heruntergeladen "
"werden müssen, die auf <https://crates.io> gehostet werden, und übergibt sie "
"an\n"
" `rustc` beim Erstellen Ihres Projekts. Cargo verfügt außerdem über einen "
"integrierten Testausführer, \n"
" der zum Ausführen von Unit-Tests verwendet wird."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 src/why-rust/runtime.md:10
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:21 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:30
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:23
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:35
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:48
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:50
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:30 src/async/async-await.md:25
msgid "Key points:"
msgstr "Schlüsselpunkte:"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:23
msgid ""
"* Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out\n"
" every six weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with\n"
" old releases --- plus they enable new functionality.\n"
"\n"
"* There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\".\n"
"\n"
"* New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes\n"
" \"stable\" every six weeks.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust also has [editions]: the current edition is Rust 2021. Previous\n"
" editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018.\n"
"\n"
" * The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to\n"
" the language.\n"
"\n"
" * To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the\n"
" edition for your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file.\n"
"\n"
" * To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code\n"
" written for different editions.\n"
"\n"
" * Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not "
"through `cargo` (most users never do).\n"
"\n"
" * It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful "
"and comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including "
"but not limited to: \n"
" * Project/package structure\n"
" * [workspaces]\n"
" * Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching\n"
" * [build scripting]\n"
" * [global installation]\n"
" * It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as "
"[cargo clippy]).\n"
" * Read more from the [official Cargo Book]"
msgstr ""
"* Rust hat einen schnellen Veröffentlichungsplan. Alle sechs Wochen wird "
"eine neue Version veröffentlicht. Neue Versionen bleiben rückwärtskompatibel "
"mit älteren Versionen und fügen neue Funktionen hinzu.\n"
"\n"
"* Es gibt drei Veröffentlichungskanäle: „stable“, „beta“ und „nightly“.\n"
"\n"
"* Neue Funktionen werden in „nightly“ getestet. „Beta“ wird\n"
" alle sechs Wochen „stabil“.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust hat auch [Editionen]: Die aktuelle Edition ist Rust 2021. Vorherige\n"
" Editionen waren Rust 2015 und Rust 2018.\n"
"\n"
" * Editionen dürfen rückwärtsinkompatible Änderungen vornehmen.\n"
"\n"
" * Um zu verhindern, dass Code nicht kaputt geht, sind Editionen optional: "
"Du wählst ihre Edition für deine Kiste (crate) in der Datei `Cargo.toml`\n"
"\n"
" * Um eine Aufspaltung des Ökosystems zu vermeiden, können Rust-Compiler "
"Code der für verschiedene Editionen geschrieben wurde vermischen.\n"
"\n"
" * Erwähne, dass es ziemlich selten vorkommt, dass der Compiler jemals "
"direkt und nicht über `cargo` verwendet wird (die meisten Benutzer tun dies "
"nie).\n"
"\n"
" * Es könnte erwähnenswert sein, dass Cargo selbst ein äußerst "
"leistungsstarkes und umfassendes Tool ist. Es verfügt über viele erweiterte "
"Funktionen, einschließlich, aber nicht beschränkt auf:\n"
" * Projekt-/Paketstruktur\n"
" * [Arbeitsbereiche]\n"
" * Verwaltung/Caching von Entwicklungsabhängigkeiten und "
"Laufzeitabhängigkeiten\n"
" * [Build-Skripting]\n"
" * [globale Installation]\n"
" * Es ist auch mit Unterbefehls-Plugins erweiterbar (z. B. [cargo "
"clippy]).\n"
" * Lese mehr aus dem [offiziellen Cargo Buch]"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1
msgid "# Code Samples in This Training"
msgstr "# Codebeispiele in diesem Training"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3
msgid ""
"For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through "
"examples\n"
"which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier "
"and\n"
"ensures a consistent experience for everyone."
msgstr ""
"In diesem Training werden wir die Rust-Sprache hauptsächlich anhand von "
"Beispielen erkunden\n"
"die über Ihren Browser ausgeführt werden können. Dies erleichtert die "
"Einrichtung erheblich und\n"
"sorgt für ein konsistentes Erlebnis."
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7
msgid ""
"Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do "
"the\n"
"exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you how "
"to\n"
"work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo."
msgstr ""
"Die Installation von Cargo wird dennoch empfohlen: Es wird Dir die "
"Bearbeitung der Übungen erleichtern.\n"
"Am letzten Tag werden wir eine größere Übung machen, die zeigt, wie\n"
"Du mit Abhängigkeiten (dependencies) arbeitest und dafür benötigst Du Cargo."
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11
msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:"
msgstr "Die Codeblöcke in diesem Kurs sind vollständig interaktiv:"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:13
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
msgid ""
"You can use <kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd> to execute the code when focus is in "
"the\n"
"text box."
msgstr ""
"Du kannst <kbd>Strg + Eingabe</kbd> verwenden, um den Code auszuführen, wenn "
"der Fokus auf dem Textfeld ist."
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24
msgid ""
"Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples\n"
"are not editable for various reasons:"
msgstr ""
"Die meisten Codebeispiele können wie oben gezeigt bearbeitet werden. Ein "
"paar Codebeispiele\n"
"sind aus verschiedenen Gründen nicht editierbar:"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27
msgid ""
"* The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the\n"
" code and open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests.\n"
"\n"
"* The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate\n"
" away from the page! This is the reason that the students should\n"
" solve the exercises using a local Rust installation or via the\n"
" Playground."
msgstr ""
"* Die eingebetteten Testumgebungen (embedded Playgrounds) können keine Unit-"
"Tests durchführen. Kopiere die Datei und füge \n"
" den Code in der echten Testumgebung ein, um Unit-Tests zu demonstrieren.\n"
"\n"
"* Die eingebetteten Testumgebungen verlieren ihren Zustand, sobald Du von "
"der Seite weg navigierst!\n"
" Aus diesem Grund sollten die Schüler die Übungen mit einer lokalen Rust-"
"Installation oder in der\n"
" lokalen Testumgebung lösen."
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1
msgid "# Running Code Locally with Cargo"
msgstr "# Code lokal mit Cargo ausführen"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3
msgid ""
"If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will "
"need\n"
"to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the Rust\n"
"Book][1]. This should give you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time "
"of\n"
"writing, the latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:"
msgstr ""
"Wenn Du mit dem Code auf Deinem eigenen System experimentieren möchten, "
"solltest Du\n"
"zuerst Rust installieren. Befolge dazu die [Anweisungen in dem Rust\n"
"Buch 1]. Dies sollte ein funktionierendes `rustc` und `cargo` hervorbringen. "
"Zum Verfassungszeitpunkt\n"
"hat die neueste stabile Rust-Version folgende Versionsnummer:"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:8
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"% rustc --version\n"
"rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n"
"% cargo --version\n"
"cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:15
msgid ""
"With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one\n"
"of the examples in this training:"
msgstr ""
"Wenn dies vorhanden ist, befolge die folgenden Schritte, um eine Rust-"
"Binärdatei aus einem Beispiel zu erstellen:"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:18
msgid ""
"1. Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy.\n"
"\n"
"2. Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your "
"code:\n"
"\n"
" ```shell\n"
" $ cargo new exercise\n"
" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"3. Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your "
"binary:\n"
"\n"
" ```shell\n"
" $ cd exercise\n"
" $ cargo run\n"
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
" Hello, world!\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"4. Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For\n"
" example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look "
"like\n"
"\n"
" ```rust\n"
" fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"5. Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:\n"
"\n"
" ```shell\n"
" $ cargo run\n"
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
" Edit me!\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"6. Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo "
"build`\n"
" to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/"
"debug/`\n"
" for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an "
"optimized\n"
" release build in `target/release/`.\n"
"\n"
"7. You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When "
"you\n"
" run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing\n"
" dependencies for you."
msgstr ""
"1. Klicke bei dem Beispiel, dass Du kopieren möchtest, auf die Schaltfläche "
"„In die Zwischenablage kopieren“.\n"
"2. Verwende `cargo new exercise`, um ein neues `exercise/`-Verzeichnis für "
"Deinen Code zu erstellen:\n"
" ```shell\n"
" $ cargo new exercise\n"
" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
" ```\n"
"3. Navigiere zu `exercise/` und verwende `cargo run, um eine Binärdatei zu "
"erstellen und auszuführen:\n"
" ```shell\n"
" $ cd exercise\n"
" $ cargo run\n"
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
" Hello, world!\n"
" ```\n"
"4. Ersetze den Platzhalter-Code in `src/main.rs` durch eigenen Code. "
"Verwende beispielsweise das Beispiel auf der vorherigen Seite und lasse `src/"
"main.rs` so aussehen:\n"
" ```rust\n"
" fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
"5. Verwende `cargo run`, um die neue Binärdatei zu erstellen und "
"auszuführen:\n"
" ```shell\n"
" $ cargo run\n"
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
" Edit me!\n"
" ```\n"
"6. Verwende `cargo check`, um Dein Projekt schnell auf Fehler zu überprüfen, "
"und verwende `cargo build`, um es zu kompilieren, ohne es auszuführen. Du "
"findest die Ausgabe in `target/debug/` für einen normalen Debug-Build. "
"Verwende `cargo build --release`, um einen optimierten Release-Build in "
"`target/release/` zu erstellen.\n"
"7. Du kannst Abhängigkeiten (dependencies) zu Deinem Projekt hinzufügen, "
"indem Du `Cargo.toml` bearbeitest. Wenn Du `cargo`-Befehle ausführst, werden "
"fehlende Abhängigkeiten automatisch heruntergeladen und für Dich kompiliert."
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:70
msgid ""
"Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a\n"
"local editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a\n"
"normal development environment."
msgstr ""
"Versuche, die Kursteilnehmer zu ermutigen, Cargo zu installieren und einen "
"lokalen Texteditor zu verwenden\n"
"Es wird Dein Leben einfacher machen, wenn alle eine lokale "
"Entwicklungsumgebung haben."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:1
msgid "# Welcome to Day 1"
msgstr "# Willkommen zu Tag 1"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:3
msgid ""
"This is the first day of Comprehensive Rust. We will cover a lot of ground\n"
"today:"
msgstr ""
"Dies ist der erste Tag von Comprehensive Rust. Heute werden wir viel "
"behandeln:"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:6
msgid ""
"* Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs,\n"
" references, functions, and methods.\n"
"\n"
"* Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based "
"memory\n"
" management, and garbage collection.\n"
"\n"
"* Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes."
msgstr ""
"* Grundlegende Rust-Syntax: Variablen, Skalar- und zusammengesetzte Typen "
"(scalar-types, union-types) , Aufzählungen (enums), Strukturen (structs),\n"
" Referenzen (references), Funktionen (functions) und Methoden (methods).\n"
"\n"
"* Speicherverwaltung: Stack vs. Heap, manuelle Speicherverwaltung, "
"bereichsbasierte Speicherverwaltung und Speicherbereinigung (garbage "
"collection).\n"
"\n"
"* Eigentum (ownership): Bewegungssemantik (move semantics), Kopieren und "
"Klonen (copy and cloning), Ausleihen (borrowing) und Lebensdauer (lifetimes)."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:16
msgid "Please remind the students that:"
msgstr "Bitte erinnere die Kursteilnehmer daran:"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:18
msgid ""
"* They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end.\n"
"* The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much "
"encouraged!\n"
" * As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i."
"e.,\n"
" keep the discussions related to how Rust does things vs some other "
"language. \n"
" It can be hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of "
"allowing \n"
" discussions since they engage people much more than one-way "
"communication.\n"
"* The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the "
"slides.\n"
" * This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. "
"Remember\n"
" that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as you\n"
" like."
msgstr ""
"* Sie sollten Fragen stellen, sobald ihnen welche einfallen, und nicht bis "
"zum Ende warten.\n"
"* Der Unterricht soll interaktiv sein und Diskussionen sind erwünscht!\n"
" * Als Dozent sollten Sie versuchen, die Diskussionen relevant zu halten, "
"d. h.\n"
" Behalten Sie den Bezug dazu bei, wie Rust Dinge im Vergleich zu einer "
"anderen Sprache tut. Es kann schwer sein,\n"
" die richtige Balance zu finden, aber lassen Sie lieber Diskussionen zu,\n"
" um Kursteilnehmer einzubeziehen und lange Monologe zu vermeiden.\n"
"* Bei Fragen wird es wahrscheinlich dazu kommen, dass wir über die Dinge vor "
"den eigentlichen Folien sprechen.\n"
" * Das ist vollkommen in Ordnung! Wiederholung ist ein wichtiger Teil des "
"Lernens.\n"
" Die Folien sind nur eine Unterstützung und Sie können sie nach Belieben "
"überspringen."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:29
msgid ""
"The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to "
"speak\n"
"about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a major "
"feature\n"
"and we should show students this right away."
msgstr ""
"Die Idee für den ersten Tag ist, Rust _gerade genug_ zu zeigen, um über den "
"berühmten Ausleihenprüfer (borrow checker) sprechen zu können.\n"
"Die Art und Weise, wie Rust mit Speicher umgeht, ist ein wichtiges Merkmal\n"
"und das solltest Du den Kursteilnehmern direkt zeigen."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:33
msgid ""
"If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the\n"
"schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the slides):"
msgstr ""
"Wenn Du in einem Klassenzimmer unterrichtest, ist dies ein guter Ort, um "
"über den Zeitplan zu gehen.\n"
"Wir empfehlen, den Tag in zwei Teile aufzuteilen (nach den Folien):"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:36
msgid ""
"* Morning: 9:00 to 12:00,\n"
"* Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00."
msgstr ""
"* Morgens: 9:00 bis 12:00 Uhr,\n"
"* Nachmittag: 13:00 bis 16:00 Uhr."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:39
msgid ""
"You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include "
"breaks,\n"
"we recommend a break every hour!"
msgstr ""
"Dies kannst Du natürlich bei Bedarf anpassen. Bitte achte darauf, Pausen "
"einzuplanen.\n"
"Wir empfehlen jede Stunde eine Pause!"
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:1
msgid "# What is Rust?"
msgstr "# Was ist Rust?"
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:3
msgid ""
"Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015][1]:"
msgstr ""
"Rust ist eine neue Programmiersprache, die 2015 ihre Version 1.0 hatte:"
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:5
msgid ""
"* Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++\n"
" * `rustc` uses LLVM as its backend.\n"
"* Rust supports many [platforms and\n"
" architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support."
"html):\n"
" * x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ...\n"
" * Linux, Mac, Windows, ...\n"
"* Rust is used for a wide range of devices:\n"
" * firmware and boot loaders,\n"
" * smart displays,\n"
" * mobile phones,\n"
" * desktops,\n"
" * servers."
msgstr ""
"* Rust ist eine statisch kompilierte Sprache in einer ähnlichen Rolle wie C+"
"+\n"
" * `rustc` verwendet LLVM als Backend.\n"
"* Rust unterstützt viele [Plattformen und\n"
" Architekturen] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support."
"html):\n"
" * x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ...\n"
" * Linux, Mac, Windows, ...\n"
"* Rust wird für eine Vielzahl von Geräten verwendet:\n"
" * Firmware und Bootloader,\n"
" * intelligente Displays,\n"
" * Mobiltelefone,\n"
" * Desktops,\n"
" * Server."
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:21
msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:"
msgstr "Rust passt in den gleichen Bereich wie C++:"
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:23
msgid ""
"* High flexibility.\n"
"* High level of control.\n"
"* Can be scaled down to very constrained devices like mobile phones.\n"
"* Has no runtime or garbage collection.\n"
"* Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance."
msgstr ""
"* Hohe Flexibilität.\n"
"* Hohes Maß an Kontrolle.\n"
"* Kann auf sehr eingeschränkte Geräte wie Mobiltelefone herunterskaliert "
"werden.\n"
"* Hat keine Laufzeit oder Speicherbereinigung (garbage collection).\n"
"* Konzentriert sich auf Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit ohne "
"Leistungseinbußen."
#: src/hello-world.md:1
msgid "# Hello World!"
msgstr "# Hallo Welt!"
#: src/hello-world.md:3
msgid ""
"Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World\n"
"program:"
msgstr ""
"Lasst uns in das einfachste Rust-Programm einsteigen, ein klassisches Hallo "
"Welt\n"
"Programm:"
#: src/hello-world.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world.md:12
msgid "What you see:"
msgstr "Du siehst:"
#: src/hello-world.md:14
msgid ""
"* Functions are introduced with `fn`.\n"
"* Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++.\n"
"* The `main` function is the entry point of the program.\n"
"* Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this.\n"
"* Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character."
msgstr ""
"* Funktionen beginnen mit `fn`.\n"
"* Blöcke werden wie in C und C++ durch geschweifte Klammern getrennt.\n"
"* Die `main`-Funktion ist der Einstiegspunkt des Programms.\n"
"* Rust hat hygienische (hygienic) Makros, `println!` ist ein Beispiel "
"dafür.\n"
"* Rust-Strings sind UTF-8-codiert und können beliebige Unicode-Zeichen "
"enthalten."
#: src/hello-world.md:22
msgid ""
"This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will "
"see\n"
"a ton of it over the next four days so we start small with something "
"familiar."
msgstr ""
"Diese Folie versucht, die Schüler mit Rust-Code vertraut zu machen. Sie "
"werden viel\n"
"davon in den nächsten vier Tagen sehen, also fangen wir klein und mit etwas "
"Vertrautem an."
#: src/hello-world.md:27
msgid ""
"* Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is\n"
" imperative (not functional) and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless\n"
" absolutely necessary.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number "
"of\n"
" arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude."
"md)).\n"
"\n"
"* Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers "
"from\n"
" the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only\n"
" [partially hygienic](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/"
"hygiene.html)."
msgstr ""
"* Rust ist anderen Sprachen in der C/C++/Java-Tradition sehr ähnlich. Es "
"ist\n"
" Imperativ (nicht funktional) und es wird nicht versucht, Dinge neu zu "
"erfinden, es sei denn es ist\n"
" absolut notwendig.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust ist modern und unterstützt Dinge wie Unicode vollständig.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust verwendet Makros für Situationen, in denen Du eine variable Anzahl "
"von Argumenten haben möchtest\n"
" (keine [Funktionüberladung](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md)).\n"
"\n"
"* Makros sind „hygienisch“, was bedeutet, dass sie nicht versehentlich "
"Identifikatoren in ihrem Umfang (scope) in dem sie verwendet werden "
"erfassen\n"
" Rust-Makros sind eigentlich nur\n"
" [teilweise hygienisch](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/"
"minutiae/hygiene.html)."
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:1
msgid "# Small Example"
msgstr "# Ein kleines Beispiel"
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:3
msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:"
msgstr "Hier ein kleines Beispielprogramm in Rust:"
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() { // Program entry point\n"
" let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n"
" print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n"
" while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n"
" if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n"
" x = x / 2;\n"
" } else {\n"
" x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
" }\n"
" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n"
" }\n"
" println!();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:23
msgid ""
"The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop "
"will\n"
"always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with "
"different\n"
"inputs."
msgstr ""
"Der Code implementiert die Collatz-Vermutung: Es wird angenommen, dass die "
"Schleife immer enden wird, allerdings ist das noch nicht bewiesen. Ändere "
"den Code und spiele mit verschiedenen Eingaben."
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:29
msgid ""
"* Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to "
"trigger\n"
" type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer "
"overflow.\n"
"\n"
"* Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error.\n"
"\n"
"* Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match "
"the\n"
" format string.\n"
"\n"
"* Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an\n"
" expression which is more complex than just a single variable.\n"
"\n"
"* Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::"
"fmt`\n"
" which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important that "
"the\n"
" students become familiar with searching in the standard library."
msgstr ""
"* Erkläre, dass alle Variablen statisch typisiert sind. Versuche, `i32` zu "
"entfernen um Typinferenz (type inference) auszulösen. Versuche es "
"stattdessen mit `i8` und löse dadurch einen Ganzzahlüberlauf zur Laufzeit "
"aus.\n"
"\n"
"* Ändere `let mut x` in `let x`, und bespreche den Compilerfehler.\n"
"\n"
"* Zeige, wie `print!` einen Kompilierungsfehler ausgibt, wenn die Argumente "
"nicht mit dem Format-String übereinstimmen.\n"
"\n"
"* Zeige, wie Du `{}` als Platzhalter verwenden musst, wenn Du einen Ausdruck "
"(Expression) drucken möchtest,\n"
" der komplexer als nur eine einzelne Variable ist.\n"
"\n"
"* Zeige den Kursteilnehmern die Standardbibliothek (standard library) und "
"zeige ihnen, wie sie nach `std::fmt` suchen\n"
" welches die Regeln der Formatierungs-Minisprache enthält. Es ist wichtig, "
"dass die\n"
" Kursteilnehmer mit der Suche in der Standardbibliothek vertraut gemacht "
"werden."
#: src/why-rust.md:1
msgid "# Why Rust?"
msgstr "# Warum Rust?"
#: src/why-rust.md:3
msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:"
msgstr "Einige Alleinstellungsmerkmale von Rust:"
#: src/why-rust.md:5
msgid ""
"* Compile time memory safety.\n"
"* Lack of undefined runtime behavior.\n"
"* Modern language features."
msgstr ""
"* Kompilierzeit-Speichersicherheit.\n"
"* Mangel in undefiniertem Laufzeitverhalten.\n"
"* Moderne Sprachfunktionen."
#: src/why-rust.md:11
msgid ""
"Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. "
"Depending\n"
"on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:"
msgstr ""
"Frage den Kurs unbedingt, mit welchen Programmiersprachen sie Erfahrung "
"haben. Abhängig\n"
"von der Antwort kannst Du verschiedene Funktionen von Rust hervorheben:"
#: src/why-rust.md:14
msgid ""
"* Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime "
"errors_\n"
" via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you "
"don't\n"
" have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language "
"with\n"
" constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management.\n"
"\n"
"* Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory "
"safety\n"
" as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In "
"addition\n"
" you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage "
"collector)\n"
" as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)"
msgstr ""
"* Erfahrung mit C oder C++: Rust eliminiert eine ganze Klasse von "
"_Laufzeitfehlern (runtime Errors)_\n"
" über den Ausleihenprüfer (borrow checker). Du erhältst eine ähnliche "
"Leistung wie in C und C++, aber hast\n"
" keine Probleme mit der Speicherunsicherheit. Darüber hinaus erhältst Du "
"eine moderne Sprache mit\n"
" Konstrukten wie Mustervergleich (Pattern matching) und integriertes "
"Abhängigkeitsmanagement (dependency management).\n"
"\n"
"* Erfahrung mit Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: Du erhältst die gleiche "
"Speichersicherheit\n"
" wie in diesen Sprachen, dazu ein ähnlich hohes Sprachgefühl. Zusätzlich\n"
" erhältst Du eine schnelle und vorhersehbare Leistung wie in C und C++ "
"(keine Speicherbereinigung (garbage collector))\n"
" sowie Zugriff auf Low-Level-Hardware (falls benötigt)."
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:1
msgid "# Compile Time Guarantees"
msgstr "# Kompilierzeitgarantien"
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:3
msgid "Static memory management at compile time:"
msgstr "Statische Speicherverwaltung zur Kompilierzeit:"
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:5
msgid ""
"* No uninitialized variables.\n"
"* No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes).\n"
"* No double-frees.\n"
"* No use-after-free.\n"
"* No `NULL` pointers.\n"
"* No forgotten locked mutexes.\n"
"* No data races between threads.\n"
"* No iterator invalidation."
msgstr ""
"* Keine nicht initialisierten (uninitialized) Variablen.\n"
"* Keine Speicherlecks (_meistens_, siehe Anmerkungen).\n"
"* Keine Doppelbefreiungen (double-frees).\n"
"* Keine Nachnutzung (use-after-free).\n"
"* Keine `NULL`-Zeiger (null Pointer).\n"
"* Keine vergessenen gesperrten Mutexe.\n"
"* Keine Datenrennen (data races) zwischen Ausführungssträngen (threads).\n"
"* Keine Invalidierung des Iterators."
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:16
msgid ""
"It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples\n"
"are:"
msgstr ""
"Es ist möglich, Speicherlecks in (sicherem) Rust zu erzeugen. Einige "
"Beispiele sind:"
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:19
msgid ""
"* You can use [`Box::leak`] to leak a pointer. A use of this could\n"
" be to get runtime-initialized and runtime-sized static variables\n"
"* You can use [`std::mem::forget`] to make the compiler \"forget\" about\n"
" a value (meaning the destructor is never run).\n"
"* You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle] with `Rc` or\n"
" `Arc`.\n"
"* In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory\n"
" leak and Rust does not protect from those."
msgstr ""
"* Du kannst [`Box::leak`] verwenden, um einen Zeiger zu verlieren. Eine "
"Nutzung dieser könnte\n"
" sein, um zur Laufzeit initialisierte statische Variablen in Laufzeitgröße "
"zu erhalten\n"
"* Du kannst [`std::mem::forget`] verwenden, um den Compiler einen Wert "
"\"vergessen\" zu lassen\n"
" (was bedeutet, dass der Destruktor niemals ausgeführt wird).\n"
"* Du kannst auch versehentlich einen [Referenzzyklus] mit `Rc` oder `Arc` "
"erstellen\n"
"* In der Tat werden einige in Betracht ziehen, eine Sammlung (Collection) "
"unendlich zu befüllen\n"
" Rust schützt nicht vor sowelchen Speicherlecks (memory leaks)."
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:28
msgid ""
"For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood\n"
"as \"Pretty much no *accidental* memory leaks\"."
msgstr ""
"\"Keine Speicherlecks\" sollten somit verstanden werden\n"
"als \"so gut wie keine *versehentlichen* Speicherlecks\"."
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:1
msgid "# Runtime Guarantees"
msgstr "# Laufzeitgarantien"
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:3
msgid "No undefined behavior at runtime:"
msgstr "Kein undefiniertes Verhalten (undefined behavior) zur Laufzeit:"
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:5
msgid ""
"* Array access is bounds checked.\n"
"* Integer overflow is defined."
msgstr ""
"* Der Array-Zugriff wird auf Grenzen geprüft.\n"
"* Ganzzahlüberlauf ist definiert."
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:12
msgid ""
"* Integer overflow is defined via a compile-time flag. The options are\n"
" either a panic (a controlled crash of the program) or wrap-around\n"
" semantics. By default, you get panics in debug mode (`cargo build`)\n"
" and wrap-around in release mode (`cargo build --release`).\n"
"\n"
"* Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also\n"
" not be disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However,\n"
" `unsafe` allows you to call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked`\n"
" which does not do bounds checking."
msgstr ""
"* Ganzzahlüberlauf (integer overflow) wird über ein Flag zur Kompilierzeit "
"definiert. Die Optionen sind\n"
" entweder ein kontrollierter Abbruch des Programms (panic) oder eine Wrap-"
"Around\n"
" Semantik. Standardmäßig erhältst Du einen Abbruch (panic) im Debug-Modus "
"(`cargo build`)\n"
" und ein Wrap-Around im Release-Modus (`cargo build --release`).\n"
"\n"
"* Die Grenzüberprüfung (bounds checking) kann nicht mit einem Compiler-Flag "
"deaktiviert werden. Es kann auch\n"
" nicht direkt mit dem Schlüsselwort „unsafe“ deaktiviert werden. Jedoch "
"kannst Du Funktionen wie\n"
" `slice::get_unchecked` mit `unsafe` aufrufen\n"
" was keine Grenzenprüfung durchführt."
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:1
msgid "# Modern Features"
msgstr "# Moderne Funktionen"
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:3
msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last 40 years."
msgstr "Rust wurde mit vielen Erfahrungen aus den letzten 40 Jahren gebaut."
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:5
msgid "## Language Features"
msgstr "## Sprachmerkmale"
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:7
msgid ""
"* Enums and pattern matching.\n"
"* Generics.\n"
"* No overhead FFI.\n"
"* Zero-cost abstractions."
msgstr ""
"* Enums und Musterabgleich (pattern matching).\n"
"* Generika.\n"
"* Kein Overhead-FFI.\n"
"* Nullkosten-Abstraktionen."
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:12
msgid "## Tooling"
msgstr "## Werkzeuge (Tools)"
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:14
msgid ""
"* Great compiler errors.\n"
"* Built-in dependency manager.\n"
"* Built-in support for testing.\n"
"* Excellent Language Server Protocol support."
msgstr ""
"* Gute Compiler-Fehler.\n"
"* Eingebauter Paketmanager.\n"
"* Eingebaute Unterstützung für Tests.\n"
"* Hervorragende Unterstützung des Language Server Protokolls."
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:23
msgid ""
"* Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to "
"'pay'\n"
" for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example,\n"
" writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level\n"
" instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct.\n"
"\n"
"* It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', "
"also\n"
" known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like\n"
" `Option<T>` and `Result<T, E>`.\n"
"\n"
"* Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to\n"
" ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more\n"
" talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with "
"_actionable_\n"
" feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code.\n"
"\n"
"* The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, "
"Python,\n"
" and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard "
"and\n"
" essential:\n"
"\n"
" * a random number generator, but see [rand].\n"
" * support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls].\n"
" * support for JSON, but see [serde_json].\n"
"\n"
" The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library "
"cannot\n"
" go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the Rust\n"
" community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps "
"there\n"
" isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things.\n"
"\n"
" Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this "
"makes\n"
" it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence of "
"this\n"
" is that the standard library can be smaller.\n"
"\n"
" Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like\n"
" <https://lib.rs/> help with this by letting you compare health metrics "
"for\n"
" crates to find a good and trusted one.\n"
" \n"
"* [rust-analyzer] is a well supported LSP implementation used in major\n"
" IDEs and text editors."
msgstr ""
"* Kostenfreie Abstraktionen, ähnlich wie bei C++, bedeuten, dass Du für "
"Programmierkonstrukte auf höherer Ebene nicht mit Speicher oder CPU "
"„bezahlen“ musst. Beispielsweise sollte das Schreiben einer Schleife mit "
"`for` ungefähr zu denselben Low-Level-Anweisungen führen wie die Verwendung "
"des Konstrukts `.iter().fold()`.\n"
"\n"
"* Es kann erwähnenswert sein, dass Rust-Enums „algebraische Datentypen“ "
"sind, auch bekannt als „Summentypen“, die es dem Typsystem ermöglichen, "
"Dinge wie `Option<T>` und `Result<T, E>` auszudrücken.\n"
"\n"
"* Erinnere die Teilnehmer daran, die Fehler zu lesen – viele Entwickler "
"haben sich daran gewöhnt, lange Compiler-Ausgaben zu ignorieren. Der Rust-"
"Compiler ist deutlich gesprächiger als andere Compiler. Es liefert Ihnen oft "
"_umsetzbares_ Feedback, das Sie in Ihren Code einfach übernehmen können.\n"
"\n"
"* Die Rust-Standardbibliothek ist im Vergleich zu Sprachen wie Java, Python "
"und Go klein. Rust bringt einige Dinge nicht mit, die Sie als normal "
"betrachten könnten:\n"
"\n"
" * ein Zufallszahlengenerator, siehe aber [rand].\n"
" * Unterstützung für SSL oder TLS, siehe jedoch [rusttls].\n"
" * Unterstützung für JSON, siehe jedoch [serde_json].\n"
"\n"
"Der Grund dafür ist, dass die Funktionalität in der Standardbibliothek nicht "
"herausgenommen werden dürfen und daher sehr stabil sein muss. Für die obigen "
"Beispiele arbeitet die Rust-Gemeinschaft immer noch daran, die beste Lösung "
"zu finden – und vielleicht gibt es für einige dieser Dinge keine einzige "
"„beste Lösung“.\n"
"\n"
" Rust verfügt über einen integrierten Paketmanager in Form von Cargo, der "
"das Herunterladen und Kompilieren von Crates von Drittanbietern vereinfacht. "
"Dies hat zur Folge, dass die Standardbibliothek kleiner sein kann.\n"
"\n"
" Das Auffinden guter Kisten von Drittanbietern kann ein Problem sein. "
"Websites wie\n"
" <https://lib.rs/> hilft Dir dabei, indem es Dir ermöglicht, "
"Gesundheitsmetriken für Kisten zu vergleichen, um eine gute und "
"vertrauenswürdige zu finden.\n"
" \n"
"* [rust-analyzer] ist eine gut unterstützte LSP-Implementierung, die in "
"wichtigen IDEs und Texteditoren verwendet wird."
#: src/basic-syntax.md:1
msgid "# Basic Syntax"
msgstr "# Grundlegende Syntax"
#: src/basic-syntax.md:3
msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:"
msgstr "Ein Großteil der Rust-Syntax wird Ihnen aus C oder C++ bekannt sein:"
#: src/basic-syntax.md:5
msgid ""
"* Blocks and scopes are delimited by curly braces.\n"
"* Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/"
"* ...\n"
" */`.\n"
"* Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same.\n"
"* Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`."
msgstr ""
"* Blöcke und Bereiche (scopes) werden durch geschweifte Klammern getrennt.\n"
"* Zeilenkommentare beginnen mit `//`, Blockkommentare werden mit `/* ... */` "
"begrenzt\n"
"* Schlüsselwörter (keywords) wie `if` und `while` funktionieren gleich.\n"
"* Variablenzuweisung erfolgt mit `=`, Vergleich erfolgt mit `==`."
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:1
msgid "# Scalar Types"
msgstr "# Skalare Typen"
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3
msgid ""
"| | Types | "
"Literals |\n"
"|------------------------|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|\n"
"| Signed integers | `i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize` | "
"`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123i64` |\n"
"| Unsigned integers | `u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize` | `0`, "
"`123`, `10u16` |\n"
"| Floating point numbers | `f32`, `f64` | "
"`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2f32` |\n"
"| Strings | `&str` | "
"`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"` |\n"
"| Unicode scalar values | `char` | "
"`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'` |\n"
"| Booleans | `bool` | "
"`true`, `false` |"
msgstr ""
"| | Typen | Literale |\n"
"|------------------------|--------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|\n"
"| Ganzzahlen mit Vorzeichen | `i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize` | "
"`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123i64` |\n"
"| Ganzzahlen ohne Vorzeichen `u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize` | "
"`0`, `123`, `10u16` |\n"
"| Fließkommazahlen | `f32`, `f64` | `3.14`, "
"`-10.0e20`, `2f32` |\n"
"| Zeichenketten (Strings) | `&str` | "
"`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"` |\n"
"| Unicode-Skalarwerte | `char` | `'a'`, "
"`'α'`, `'∞'` \n"
"| Wahrheitswerte (booleans) | "
"`bool` | `true`, `false` |"
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:12
msgid "The types have widths as follows:"
msgstr "Die Typen haben folgende Breiten:"
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:14
msgid ""
"* `iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide,\n"
"* `isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer,\n"
"* `char` is 32 bit wide,\n"
"* `bool` is 8 bit wide."
msgstr ""
"* `iN`, `uN` und `fN` sind _N_ Bits breit,\n"
"* `isize` und `usize` sind die Breite eines Zeigers,\n"
"* `char` ist 32 Bit breit,\n"
"* `bool` ist 8 Bit breit."
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:21
msgid "There are a few syntaxes which are not shown above:"
msgstr "Es gibt einige Syntaxen, die oben nicht aufgeführt sind:"
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:23
msgid ""
"- Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: "
"`r\"\\n\"\n"
" == \"\\\\\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal amount of "
"`#` on\n"
" either side of the quotes:\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,editable\n"
" fn main() {\n"
" println!(r#\"<a href=\"link.html\">link</a>\"#);\n"
" println!(\"<a href=\\\"link.html\\\">link</a>\");\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"- Byte strings allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,editable\n"
" fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n"
" println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n"
" }\n"
" ```"
msgstr ""
"- Mit puren Zeichenketten (raw strings) kannst Du einen `&str`-Wert mit "
"deaktivierten Escape-Zeichen erstellen: `r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\\\\\n\"`. Du "
"kannst doppelte Anführungszeichen einbetten, indem Du auf beiden Seiten der "
"Anführungszeichen die gleiche Anzahl von `#` verwendest:\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,editable\n"
" fn main() {\n"
" println!(r#\"<a href=\"link.html\">link</a>\"#);\n"
" println!(\"<a href=\\\"link.html\\\">link</a>\");\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"- Mit Byte-Strings kannst Du direkt einen „&[u8]“-Wert erstellen:\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,editable\n"
" fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n"
" println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n"
" }\n"
" ```"
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:1
msgid "# Compound Types"
msgstr "# Verbundtypen"
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3
msgid ""
"| | Types | Literals "
"|\n"
"|--------|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|\n"
"| Arrays | `[T; N]` | `[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]` "
"|\n"
"| Tuples | `()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ... | `()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ... "
"|"
msgstr ""
"| | Typen | Literale "
"|\n"
"|--------|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|\n"
"| Arrays | `[T; N]` | `[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]` "
"|\n"
"| Tupel | `()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ... | `()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ... |"
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:8
msgid "Array assignment and access:"
msgstr "Array-Zuordnung und Zugriff:"
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:10
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n"
" a[5] = 0;\n"
" println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:18
msgid "Tuple assignment and access:"
msgstr "Tupel-Zuweisung und Zugriff:"
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:20
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n"
" println!(\"1st index: {}\", t.0);\n"
" println!(\"2nd index: {}\", t.1);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:32
msgid "Arrays:"
msgstr "Arrays:"
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:34
msgid ""
"* Arrays have elements of the same type, `T`, and length, `N`, which is a "
"compile-time constant.\n"
" Note that the length of the array is *part of its type*, which means that "
"`[u8; 3]` and\n"
" `[u8; 4]` are considered two different types.\n"
"\n"
"* We can use literals to assign values to arrays.\n"
"\n"
"* In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug "
"implementation with the `?` format\n"
" parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug output. "
"We\n"
" could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without specifying the value after "
"the\n"
" format string.\n"
"\n"
"* Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can "
"be easier to read."
msgstr ""
"* Arrays haben Elemente desselben Typs `T` und der Länge `N`, was eine "
"Konstante zur Kompilierungszeit ist. Beachten Sie, dass die Länge des Arrays "
"*Teil seines Typs* ist, was bedeutet, dass `[u8; 3]` und `[u8; 4]` als zwei "
"verschiedene Typen betrachtet werden.\n"
"\n"
"* Wir können Literale verwenden, um Arrays Werte zuzuweisen.\n"
"\n"
"* In der `main`-Funktion fragt die print-Anweisung mit dem Formatparameter `?"
"` nach der Debug-Implementierung: `{}` gibt die Standardausgabe aus, „{:?}“ "
"gibt die Debug-Ausgabe aus. Wir hätten auch `{a}` und `{a:?}` verwenden "
"können, ohne den Wert nach der Formatzeichenfolge anzugeben.\n"
"\n"
"* Das Hinzufügen von `#`, z. B. `{a:#?}`, ruft ein „hübsches "
"Druckformat“ (pretty print) auf, das einfacher zu lesen ist."
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:47
msgid "Tuples:"
msgstr "Tupel:"
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:49
msgid ""
"* Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length.\n"
"\n"
"* Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type.\n"
"\n"
"* Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the "
"value, e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`.\n"
"\n"
"* The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a "
"type, and\n"
" the only valid value of that type - that is to say both the type and its "
"value\n"
" are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a "
"function or\n"
" expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide. \n"
" * You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other \n"
" programming languages."
msgstr ""
"* Wie Arrays haben Tupel eine feste Länge.\n"
"\n"
"* Tupel gruppieren Werte unterschiedlicher Typen zu einem zusammengesetzten "
"Typ.\n"
"\n"
"* Auf Felder eines Tupels kann durch einen Punkt gefolgt von dem Index des "
"Werts zugegriffen werden, z. B. „t.0“, „t.1“.\n"
"\n"
"* Das leere Tupel „()“ wird auch als „Einheitstyp“ (unit type) bezeichnet. "
"Es ist sowohl ein Typ als auch der einzige gültige Wert dieses Typs – das "
"heißt, sowohl der Typ als auch sein Wert werden als `()` ausgedrückt. Es "
"wird beispielsweise verwendet, um anzuzeigen, dass eine Funktion oder ein "
"Ausdruck keinen Rückgabewert hat, wie wir auf einer zukünftigen Folie sehen "
"werden.\n"
" * Du kannst es Dir als `void` vorstellen, das Dir aus anderen "
"Programmiersprachen bekannt sein könnte."
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:1
msgid "# References"
msgstr "# Verweise"
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:3
msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:"
msgstr "Wie C++ hat Rust Referenzen:"
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut x: i32 = 10;\n"
" let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n"
" *ref_x = 20;\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:14
msgid "Some notes:"
msgstr "Einige Notizen:"
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:16
msgid ""
"* We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ "
"pointers.\n"
"* Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking\n"
" methods (try `ref_x.count_ones()`).\n"
"* References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values "
"over their lifetime."
msgstr ""
"* Wir müssen `ref_x` beim Zuweisen dereferenzieren, ähnlich wie bei C und C+"
"+-Zeigern.\n"
"* Rust wird in einigen Fällen automatisch dereferenzieren, insbesondere beim "
"Aufrufen von Methoden (probiere `ref_x.count_ones()`).\n"
"* Referenzen, die als `mut` deklariert sind, können über ihre Lebensdauer an "
"unterschiedliche Werte gebunden werden."
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:25
msgid ""
"* Be sure to note the difference between `let mut ref_x: &i32` and `let "
"ref_x:\n"
" &mut i32`. The first one represents a mutable reference which can be bound "
"to\n"
" different values, while the second represents a reference to a mutable "
"value."
msgstr ""
"* Beachte unbedingt den Unterschied zwischen `let mut ref_x: &i32` und `let "
"ref_x:\n"
" &mut i32`. Das erste stellt eine veränderliche Referenz (mutable "
"reference) dar, an die unterschiedliche Werte gebunden werden können,\n"
" während das zweite Beispiel einen Verweis auf einen veränderlichen Wert "
"darstellt."
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:1
msgid "# Dangling References"
msgstr "# Hängende-Referenzen (dangling references)"
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:3
msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:"
msgstr "Rust verbietet hängende Referenzen statisch:"
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let ref_x: &i32;\n"
" {\n"
" let x: i32 = 10;\n"
" ref_x = &x;\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:16
msgid ""
"* A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to.\n"
"* Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long\n"
" enough.\n"
"* We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership."
msgstr ""
"* Eine Referenz \"leiht\" (borrows) sich den Wert, auf den sie sich "
"bezieht, .\n"
"* Rust verfolgt die Lebensdauer aller Referenzen, um sicherzustellen, dass "
"sie lange genug leben\n"
"* Wir werden mehr über das Ausleihen (borrowing) sprechen, wenn wir zum "
"Eigentum (ownership) kommen."
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:1
msgid "# Slices"
msgstr "# Anteilstypen (Slices)"
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:3
msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:"
msgstr ""
"Ein Anteilstyp (slice) gibt Ihnen einen Einblick in eine größere Sammlung "
"(collection):"
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n"
" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n"
"\n"
" let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n"
" println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:15
msgid ""
"* Slices borrow data from the sliced type.\n"
"* Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]`?"
msgstr ""
"* Anteilstypen (slices) borgen (borrow) Daten vom Sliced-Typ.\n"
"* Frage: Was passiert, wenn Du `a[3]` änderst?"
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:20
msgid ""
"* We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending "
"indexes in brackets.\n"
"\n"
"* If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the "
"starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are "
"identical.\n"
" \n"
"* The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are "
"identical.\n"
"\n"
"* To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use "
"`&a[..]`.\n"
"\n"
"* `s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` "
"(`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform "
"computation on slices of different sizes.\n"
" \n"
"* Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to "
"remain 'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice. \n"
" \n"
"* The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, "
"but the answer is that for memory safety reasons\n"
" you cannot do it through `a` after you created a slice, but you can read "
"the data from both `a` and `s` safely. \n"
" More details will be explained in the borrow checker section."
msgstr ""
"* Wir erstellen ein Anteilstyp, indem wir `a` ausleihen (borrow) und den "
"Start- und Endindex in Klammern angeben.\n"
"\n"
"* Wenn der Anteilstyp bei Index 0 beginnt, erlaubt uns die Range-Syntax von "
"Rust, den Startindex wegzulassen, was bedeutet, dass `&a[0..a.len()]` und "
"`&a[..a.len()]` identisch sind.\n"
" \n"
"* Das Gleiche gilt für den letzten Index, daher sind `&a[2..a.len()]` und "
"`&a[2..]` identisch.\n"
"\n"
"* Um einfach einen Anteilstyp des gesamten Arrays zu erstellen, können wir "
"daher „&a[..]“ verwenden.\n"
"\n"
"* `s` ist ein Verweis (reference) auf einen Teil von `i32`. Beachte, dass "
"der Typ `s` (`&[i32]`) die Array-Länge nicht mehr erwähnt. Dadurch können "
"wir Berechnungen für Anteilstypen unterschiedlicher Größe durchführen.\n"
" \n"
"* Anteilstypen (slices) leihen (borrow) sich immer etwas von einem anderen "
"Objekt aus. In diesem Beispiel muss `a` mindestens so lange (im "
"Gültigkeitsbereich (scope)) „lebendig“ bleiben wie unser Anteilstyp.\n"
" \n"
"* Die Frage nach einer Werteänderung durch `a[3]` kann eine interessante "
"Diskussion auslösen, aber die Antwort lautet: aus Gründen der "
"Speichersicherheit kannst Du dies nicht über `a` tun, nachdem Du ein Slice "
"erstellt hast. Allerdings kannst Du die Werte sowohl von `a` als auch von "
"`s` sicher lesen.\n"
" Weitere Einzelheiten werden im Abschnitt „Ausleihenprüfer“ (borrow "
"checker) erläutert."
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:1
msgid "# `String` vs `str`"
msgstr "# `String` vs `str`"
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:3
msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:"
msgstr "Kommen wir jetzt zu den beiden String-Typen in Rust:"
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s1: &str = \"World\";\n"
" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
"\n"
" let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n"
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
" s2.push_str(s1);\n"
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
" \n"
" let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n"
" println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:20
msgid "Rust terminology:"
msgstr "Rust-Terminologie:"
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:22
msgid ""
"* `&str` an immutable reference to a string slice.\n"
"* `String` a mutable string buffer."
msgstr ""
"* `&str` eine unveränderliche (immutable) Referenz auf einen String-Slice.\n"
"* `String` ein veränderlicher String-Puffer (mutable string buffer)."
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:27
msgid ""
"* `&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 "
"encoded string data \n"
" stored in a block of memory. String literals (`”Hello”`), are stored in "
"the program’s binary.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a "
"`Vec<T>`, it is owned.\n"
" \n"
"* As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string "
"literal; `String::new()` \n"
" creates a new empty string, to which string data can be added using the "
"`push()` and `push_str()` methods.\n"
"\n"
"* The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from "
"dynamic values. It \n"
" accepts the same format specification as `println!()`.\n"
" \n"
"* You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range "
"selection.\n"
" \n"
"* For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `const char*` from C++, but the "
"one that always points \n"
" to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough equivalent of `std::"
"string` from C++ \n"
" (main difference: it can only contain UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never "
"use a small-string optimization).\n"
" "
msgstr ""
"* `&str` führt einen String-Slice ein, der eine unveränderliche Referenz auf "
"UTF-8-codierte String-Daten ist, die in einem Speicherblock gespeichert "
"sind. String-Literale (`\"Hallo\"`) werden in der Binärdatei des Programms "
"gespeichert.\n"
"\n"
"* Der `String`-Typ von Rust ist eine Verpackung (wrapper) um einen Byte-"
"Vektor. Wie bei einem `Vec<T>` ist es im Besitz.\n"
" \n"
"* Wie bei vielen anderen Typen erstellt `String::from()` einen String aus "
"einem String-Literal; `String::new()` erstellt einen neuen leeren String, zu "
"dem String-Daten mit den Methoden `push()` und `push_str()` hinzugefügt "
"werden können.\n"
"\n"
"* Das Makro `format!()` ist eine praktische Möglichkeit, einen aneigenbaren "
"(owned) String aus dynamischen Werten zu generieren. Es akzeptiert die "
"gleiche Formatspezifikation wie `println!()`.\n"
" \n"
"* Du kannst `&str`-Slices von `String` über `&` und optional eine "
"Bereichsauswahl (range selection) ausleihen.\n"
" \n"
"* Für C++-Programmierer: Stell Dir `&str` als `const char*` aus C++ vor, der "
"immer auf eine gültige Zeichenfolge im Speicher zeigt. Rust `String` ist ein "
"grobes Äquivalent von `std::string` aus C++ (Hauptunterschied: Es kann nur "
"UTF-8-codierte Bytes enthalten und wird niemals eine Optimierung für kleine "
"Zeichenfolgen verwenden). "
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:1
msgid "# Functions"
msgstr "# Funktionen"
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:3
msgid ""
"A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Fizz_buzz) interview question:"
msgstr ""
"Eine Rust-Version der berühmten [FizzBuzz](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Fizz_buzz) Interviewfrage:"
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" print_fizzbuzz_to(20);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn is_divisible(n: u32, divisor: u32) -> bool {\n"
" if divisor == 0 {\n"
" return false;\n"
" }\n"
" n % divisor == 0\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> String {\n"
" let fizz = if is_divisible(n, 3) { \"fizz\" } else { \"\" };\n"
" let buzz = if is_divisible(n, 5) { \"buzz\" } else { \"\" };\n"
" if fizz.is_empty() && buzz.is_empty() {\n"
" return format!(\"{n}\");\n"
" }\n"
" format!(\"{fizz}{buzz}\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn print_fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) {\n"
" for i in 1..=n {\n"
" println!(\"{}\", fizzbuzz(i));\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:35
msgid ""
"* We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward "
"declarations nor headers are necessary. \n"
"* Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some "
"programming languages), then a return type.\n"
"* The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return "
"value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression.\n"
"* Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The "
"compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted.\n"
"* The range expression in the `for` loop in `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contains "
"`=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound."
msgstr ""
"* Wir beziehen uns in `main` auf eine unten beschriebene Funktion. Es sind "
"weder Forward-Deklarationen noch Header erforderlich.\n"
"* Auf Deklarationsparameter folgt ein Typ (das Gegenteil einiger "
"Programmiersprachen) und dann ein Rückgabetyp.\n"
"* Der letzte Ausdruck in einem Funktionskörper (oder einem beliebigen Block) "
"wird zum Rückgabewert. Lasse einfach das `;` am Ende des Ausdrucks weg.\n"
"* Einige Funktionen haben keinen Rückgabewert und geben den `Einheitentyp` "
"(Unittyp) `()` zurück. Der Compiler schließt daraus, wenn der Rückgabetyp `-"
">()` weggelassen wird.\n"
"* Der Bereichsausdruck (range expression) in der `for`-Schleife in "
"`print_fizzbuzz_to()` enthält `=n`, was dazu führt, dass die Obergrenze "
"einschlossen wird."
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:1
msgid "# Rustdoc"
msgstr "# Rustdoc"
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:3
msgid ""
"All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax."
msgstr ""
"Alle Sprachelemente in Rust können mit der speziellen `///`-Syntax "
"dokumentiert werden."
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second "
"argument.\n"
"///\n"
"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n"
"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n"
" if rhs == 0 {\n"
" return false; // Corner case, early return\n"
" }\n"
" lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return "
"value\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:17
msgid ""
"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are\n"
"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the\n"
"[rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It "
"is\n"
"idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern."
msgstr ""
"Die Inhalte werden als Markdown behandelt. Alle veröffentlichten Rust-"
"Bibliothekskästen (library crates) werden automatisch unter [`docs.rs`]"
"(https://docs.rs) mit [rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-"
"rustdoc.html) dokumentiert. Es ist idiomatisch, alle öffentlichen Elemente "
"in einer API mithilfe dieses Musters zu dokumentieren."
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:24
msgid ""
"* Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at\n"
" [`docs.rs/rand`](https://docs.rs/rand).\n"
"\n"
"* This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but "
"in\n"
" real code they should be present.\n"
"\n"
"* Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need "
"not\n"
" be addressed here."
msgstr ""
"* Zeige den Schülern die generierten Dokumente für die Kiste (crate) `rand` "
"unter [`docs.rs/rand`](https://docs.rs/rand).\n"
"\n"
"* Dieser Kurs enthält keine Rustdocs auf Folien, um Platz zu sparen, aber im "
"echten Code sollten Rustdoc-Kommentare vorhanden sein.\n"
"\n"
"* Inner doc Kommentare werden später besprochen (auf der Seite zu Modulen) "
"und müssen hier nicht behandelt werden."
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:1 src/methods.md:1
msgid "# Methods"
msgstr "# Methoden"
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:3
msgid ""
"Methods are functions associated with a type. The `self` argument of a "
"method is\n"
"an instance of the type it is associated with:"
msgstr ""
"Methoden sind Funktionen, die einem bestimmten Typ zugeordnet sind.\n"
"Das `self`-Argument einer Methode ist die Instanz des Typs, dem sie "
"zugeordnet ist:"
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Rectangle {\n"
" width: u32,\n"
" height: u32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Rectangle {\n"
" fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n"
" self.width * self.height\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n"
" self.width += delta;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n"
" println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
" rect.inc_width(5);\n"
" println!(\"new area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:30
msgid ""
"* We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's "
"class."
msgstr ""
"* Wir werden uns in der heutigen Übung und im morgigen Unterricht tiefer mit "
"Methoden befassen."
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:34
msgid ""
"- Add a `Rectangle::new` constructor and call this from `main`:\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
" fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n"
" Rectangle { width, height }\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"- Add a `Rectangle::new_square(width: u32)` constructor to illustrate that\n"
" constructors can take arbitrary parameters."
msgstr ""
"* Füge einen `Rectangle::new`-Konstruktor hinzu und rufe diesen von `main` "
"aus auf:\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
" fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n"
" Rectangle { width, height }\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"* Füge einen `Rectangle::new_square(width: u32)`-Konstruktor hinzu, um zu "
"veranschaulichen, dass Konstruktoren beliebige Parameter annehmen können."
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:1
msgid "# Function Overloading"
msgstr "# Funktionsüberladung"
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:3
msgid "Overloading is not supported:"
msgstr "Überladen wird nicht unterstützt:"
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:5
msgid ""
"* Each function has a single implementation:\n"
" * Always takes a fixed number of parameters.\n"
" * Always takes a single set of parameter types.\n"
"* Default values are not supported:\n"
" * All call sites have the same number of arguments.\n"
" * Macros are sometimes used as an alternative."
msgstr ""
"* Jede Funktion hat eine einzige Implementierung:\n"
" * Akzeptiert immer eine feste Anzahl von Parametern.\n"
" * Akzeptiert immer einen einzelnen Satz von Parametertypen.\n"
"* Standardwerte werden nicht unterstützt:\n"
" * Alle Aufrufstellen (call sites) haben die gleiche Anzahl von "
"Argumenten.\n"
" * Makros werden manchmal als Alternative verwendet."
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:12
msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:"
msgstr "Funktionsparameter können jedoch generisch sein:"
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:14
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn pick_one<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n"
" if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n"
" println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:27
msgid ""
"* When using generics, the standard library's `Into<T>` can provide a kind "
"of limited\n"
" polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a later "
"section."
msgstr ""
"* Bei Verwendung von Generika (generics) kann `Into<T>` der "
"Standardbibliothek eine Art eingeschränkten Polymorphismus für Argumenttypen "
"bereitstellen. Weitere Einzelheiten erfährst Du in einem späteren Abschnitt."
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 1: Morning Exercises"
msgstr "# Tag 1: Morgengymnastik"
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:"
msgstr "In diesen Übungen werden wir zwei Teile von Rust erkunden:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Implicit conversions between types.\n"
"\n"
"* Arrays and `for` loops."
msgstr "* Implizite Konvertierungen zwischen Typen."
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:"
msgstr "Ein paar Dinge, die Sie beim Lösen der Aufgaben beachten sollten:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get\n"
" auto-completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo] for "
"details\n"
" on installing Rust.\n"
"\n"
"* Alternatively, use the Rust Playground."
msgstr ""
"* Verwenden Sie nach Möglichkeit eine lokale Rust-Installation. Auf diese "
"Weise können Sie erhalten\n"
" Autovervollständigung in Ihrem Editor. Weitere Informationen finden Sie "
"auf der Seite über [Fracht verwenden].\n"
" bei der Installation von Rust."
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets "
"lose\n"
"their state if you navigate away from the page."
msgstr ""
"Die Code-Snippets sind absichtlich nicht editierbar: die Inline-Code-"
"Snippets gehen verloren\n"
"ihren Zustand, wenn Sie von der Seite wegnavigieren."
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:22 src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:11
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:7
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:7 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:7
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:7
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:12
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions] provided."
msgstr ""
"Nachdem Sie sich die Übungen angesehen haben, können Sie sich die "
"bereitgestellten [Lösungen] ansehen."
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Implicit Conversions"
msgstr "# Implizite Konvertierungen"
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types "
"([unlike\n"
"C++][3]). You can see this in a program like this:"
msgstr ""
"Rust wendet nicht automatisch _implizite Konvertierungen_ zwischen Typen an "
"([anders als\n"
"C++[3]). Sie können dies in einem Programm wie diesem sehen:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n"
" x * y\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let x: i8 = 15;\n"
" let y: i16 = 1000;\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiply(x, y));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rust integer types all implement the [`From<T>`][1] and [`Into<T>`][2]\n"
"traits to let us convert between them. The `From<T>` trait has a single "
"`from()`\n"
"method and similarly, the `Into<T>` trait has a single `into()` method.\n"
"Implementing these traits is how a type expresses that it can be converted "
"into\n"
"another type."
msgstr ""
"Die Rust-Integer-Typen implementieren alle [`From<T>`][1] und [`Into<T>`]"
"[2]\n"
"Eigenschaften, um uns zwischen ihnen umwandeln zu lassen. Das `From<T>`-"
"Merkmal hat ein einzelnes `from()`\n"
"-Methode und ähnlich hat das `Into<T>`-Merkmal eine einzige `into()`-"
"Methode.\n"
"Durch die Implementierung dieser Merkmale drückt ein Typ aus, in was er "
"umgewandelt werden kann\n"
"ein anderer Typ."
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The standard library has an implementation of `From<i8> for i16`, which "
"means\n"
"that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by calling \n"
"`i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From<i8> for i16`\n"
"implementation automatically create an implementation of `Into<i16> for i8`."
msgstr ""
"Die Standardbibliothek hat eine Implementierung von `From<i8> for i16`, was "
"bedeutet\n"
"dass wir eine Variable `x` vom Typ `i8` per Aufruf in ein `i16` umwandeln "
"können\n"
"`i16::von(x)`. Oder einfacher mit `x.into()`, denn `From<i8> for i16`\n"
"implementierung automatisch eine Implementierung von `Into<i16> for i8` "
"erstellen."
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, so "
"it is\n"
"sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` "
"implementation automatically."
msgstr ""
"Dasselbe gilt für Ihre eigenen `From`-Implementierungen für Ihre eigenen "
"Typen, so ist es\n"
"Es reicht aus, nur `From` zu implementieren, um automatisch eine "
"entsprechende `Into`-Implementierung zu erhalten."
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"1. Execute the above program and look at the compiler error.\n"
"\n"
"2. Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion.\n"
"\n"
"3. Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`,\n"
" `i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try\n"
" converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the\n"
" [standard library documentation][1] to see if `From<T>` is implemented "
"for\n"
" the pairs you check."
msgstr ""
"3. Ändern Sie die Typen von `x` und `y` in andere Dinge (wie `f32`, `bool`,\n"
" `i128`), um zu sehen, welche Typen Sie in welche anderen Typen "
"konvertieren können. Versuchen\n"
" Umwandlung kleiner Typen in große Typen und umgekehrt. Überprüf den\n"
" [Dokumentation der Standardbibliothek][1], um zu sehen, ob \"From<T>\" "
"für implementiert ist\n"
" die Paare, die Sie überprüfen."
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Arrays and `for` Loops"
msgstr "# Arrays und `for`-Schleifen"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:"
msgstr "Wir haben gesehen, dass ein Array wie folgt deklariert werden kann:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with `{:?}"
"`:"
msgstr ""
"Sie können ein solches Array drucken, indem Sie mit `{:?}` nach seiner Debug-"
"Darstellung fragen:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:11
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
" println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for`\n"
"keyword:"
msgstr ""
"Mit Rust können Sie über Dinge wie Arrays und Ranges iterieren, indem Sie "
"das `for` verwenden\n"
"Stichwort:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:21
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
" print!(\"Iterating over array:\");\n"
" for n in array {\n"
" print!(\" {n}\");\n"
" }\n"
" println!();\n"
"\n"
" print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n"
" for i in 0..3 {\n"
" print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n"
" }\n"
" println!();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use the above to write a function `pretty_print` which pretty-print a matrix "
"and\n"
"a function `transpose` which will transpose a matrix (turn rows into "
"columns):"
msgstr ""
"Verwenden Sie das Obige, um eine Funktion \"pretty_print\" zu schreiben, die "
"eine Matrix hübsch druckt und\n"
"eine Funktion \"transpose\", die eine Matrix transponiert (Zeilen in Spalten "
"umwandelt):"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:41
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n"
"\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n"
" ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices."
msgstr "Kodieren Sie beide Funktionen fest, um mit 3 × 3-Matrizen zu arbeiten."
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the\n"
"functions:"
msgstr ""
"Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und "
"implementieren Sie die\n"
"Funktionen:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:52
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let matrix = [\n"
" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
" ];\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
" pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
"\n"
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
" println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
" pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:80
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Bonus Question"
msgstr "## Bonus-Frage"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:82
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for your\n"
"argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-dimensional\n"
"slice-of-slices. Why or why not?"
msgstr ""
"Könnten Sie `&[i32]`-Slices anstelle von fest codierten 3 × 3-Matrizen für "
"Ihre verwenden\n"
"Argument- und Rückgabetypen? Etwas wie `&[&[i32]]` für ein "
"zweidimensionales\n"
"Scheibe-von-Scheiben. Warum oder warum nicht?"
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:87
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production "
"quality\n"
"implementation."
msgstr ""
"Siehe die [`ndarray`-Kiste](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) für eine "
"Produktionsqualität\n"
"Implementierung."
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:92
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the \n"
"[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section."
msgstr ""
"Die Lösung und die Antwort zum Bonusteil finden Sie im\n"
"Abschnitt [Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)."
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Variables"
msgstr "# Variablen"
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are immutable "
"by\n"
"default:"
msgstr ""
"Rust bietet Typsicherheit durch statische Typisierung. Variable Bindungen "
"sind unveränderlich durch\n"
"Standard:"
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let x: i32 = 10;\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
" // x = 20;\n"
" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the "
"types less and less as the course progresses.\n"
"* Note that since `println!` is a macro, `x` is not moved, even using the "
"function like syntax of `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`"
msgstr ""
"* Aufgrund von Typrückschlüssen ist `i32` optional. Wir werden die Typen "
"nach und nach immer weniger zeigen, je weiter der Typ fortschreitet.\n"
"* Beachten Sie, dass, da `println!` ein Makro ist, `x` nicht verschoben "
"wird, selbst wenn die funktionsähnliche Syntax von `println!(\"x: {}\", x)` "
"verwendet wird"
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Type Inference"
msgstr "# Geben Sie Inferenz ein"
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:"
msgstr ""
"Rust wird sich ansehen, wie die Variable _verwendet_ wird, um den Typ zu "
"bestimmen:"
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n"
" println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n"
" println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let x = 10;\n"
" let y = 20;\n"
"\n"
" takes_u32(x);\n"
" takes_i8(y);\n"
" // takes_u32(y);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on "
"constraints given by variable declarations and usages."
msgstr ""
"Diese Folie zeigt, wie der Rust-Compiler Typen basierend auf Einschränkungen "
"ableitet, die durch Variablendeklarationen und Verwendungen gegeben sind.\n"
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not "
"of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can\n"
"hold any data. The machine code generated by such declaration is identical "
"to the explicit declaration of a type.\n"
"The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise code."
msgstr ""
"Es ist sehr wichtig zu betonen, dass auf diese Weise deklarierte Variablen "
"nicht von einer Art dynamischem \"beliebigen Typ\" sind, der dies kann\n"
"irgendwelche Daten halten. Der durch eine solche Deklaration erzeugte "
"Maschinencode ist identisch mit der expliziten Deklaration eines Typs.\n"
"Der Compiler erledigt die Arbeit für uns und hilft uns, einen prägnanteren "
"Code zu schreiben."
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic "
"container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, "
"using `_` as a placeholder:"
msgstr ""
"Der folgende Code weist den Compiler an, in einen bestimmten generischen "
"Container zu kopieren, ohne dass der Code jemals explizit den enthaltenen "
"Typ angibt, wobei `_` als Platzhalter verwendet wird:"
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:34
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
" v.push((10, false));\n"
" v.push((20, true));\n"
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
"\n"
" let vv = v.iter().collect::<std::collections::HashSet<_>>();\n"
" println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
"html#method.collect) relies on `FromIterator`, which [`HashSet`](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) implements."
msgstr ""
"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
"html#method.collect) stützt sich auf `FromIterator`, das [`HashSet`]"
"(https:/ /doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) implementiert."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Static and Constant Variables"
msgstr "# Statische und konstante Variablen"
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Global state is managed with static and constant variables."
msgstr ""
"Der globale Status wird mit statischen und konstanten Variablen verwaltet."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `const`"
msgstr "## `const`"
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can declare compile-time constants:"
msgstr "Sie können Kompilierzeitkonstanten deklarieren:"
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:9
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = 3;\n"
"const ZERO: Option<u8> = Some(42);\n"
"\n"
"fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> [u8; DIGEST_SIZE] {\n"
" let mut digest = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE];\n"
" for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n"
" digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE] = digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE]."
"wrapping_add(b);\n"
" }\n"
" digest\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\");\n"
" println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "According to the [Rust RFC Book][1] these are inlined upon use."
msgstr ""
"Gemäß dem [Rust RFC Book][1] werden diese bei der Verwendung eingefügt."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `static`"
msgstr "## `statisch`"
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can also declare static variables:"
msgstr "Sie können auch statische Variablen deklarieren:"
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:33
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book][1], these are not inlined upon use and have "
"an actual associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and "
"embedded code, and the variable lives through the entirety of the program "
"execution."
msgstr ""
"Wie im [Rust RFC Book][1] erwähnt, werden diese bei der Verwendung nicht "
"inliniert und haben einen tatsächlich zugeordneten Speicherort. Dies ist "
"nützlich für unsicheren und eingebetteten Code, und die Variable lebt "
"während der gesamten Programmausführung."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will look at mutating static data in the [chapter on Unsafe Rust](../"
"unsafe.md)."
msgstr ""
"Wir werden uns im [Kapitel über Unsafe Rust](../unsafe.md) mit mutierenden "
"statischen Daten befassen."
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`.\n"
"* `static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable "
"global variable in C++.\n"
"* It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, "
"but it is helpful and safer than using a static."
msgstr ""
"* Erwähnen Sie, dass sich `const` semantisch ähnlich wie `constexpr` von C++ "
"verhält.\n"
"* „Static“ hingegen ist einer „const“ oder veränderlichen globalen Variable "
"in C++ viel ähnlicher.\n"
"* Es kommt nicht sehr häufig vor, dass man eine zur Laufzeit ausgewertete "
"Konstante benötigt, aber es ist hilfreich und sicherer als die Verwendung "
"einer statischen."
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Scopes and Shadowing"
msgstr "# Bereiche und Shadowing"
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from "
"the\n"
"same scope:"
msgstr ""
"Sie können Variablen schattieren, sowohl solche aus äußeren "
"Gültigkeitsbereichen als auch Variablen aus dem\n"
"gleicher Umfang:"
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let a = 10;\n"
" println!(\"before: {a}\");\n"
"\n"
" {\n"
" let a = \"hello\";\n"
" println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");\n"
"\n"
" let a = true;\n"
" println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"after: {a}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Definition: Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing "
"both variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available "
"under the same name, depending where you use it in the code. \n"
"* A shadowing variable can have a different type. \n"
"* Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to "
"values after `.unwrap()`.\n"
"* The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse memory "
"locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if the type "
"does not change."
msgstr ""
"* Definition: Shadowing unterscheidet sich von Mutation, da nach dem "
"Shadowing die Speicherplätze beider Variablen gleichzeitig existieren. Beide "
"sind unter demselben Namen verfügbar, je nachdem, wo Sie ihn im Code "
"verwenden.\n"
"* Eine Shadowing-Variable kann einen anderen Typ haben.\n"
"* Shadowing sieht zunächst obskur aus, ist aber praktisch, um Werte nach `."
"unwrap()` festzuhalten.\n"
"* Der folgende Code demonstriert, warum der Compiler Speicherorte nicht "
"einfach wiederverwenden kann, wenn er eine unveränderliche Variable in einem "
"Bereich schattiert, selbst wenn sich der Typ nicht ändert."
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:30
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let a = 1;\n"
" let b = &a;\n"
" let a = a + 1;\n"
" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Memory Management"
msgstr "# Speicherverwaltung"
#: src/memory-management.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:"
msgstr "Traditionell fallen Sprachen in zwei große Kategorien:"
#: src/memory-management.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ...\n"
"* Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, "
"Haskell, ..."
msgstr ""
"* Volle Kontrolle über manuelle Speicherverwaltung: C, C++, Pascal, ...\n"
"* Volle Sicherheit durch automatische Speicherverwaltung zur Laufzeit: Java, "
"Python, Go, Haskell, ..."
#: src/memory-management.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust offers a new mix:"
msgstr "Rust bietet eine neue Mischung:"
#: src/memory-management.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"> Full control *and* safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory\n"
"> management."
msgstr ""
"> Volle Kontrolle *und* Sicherheit durch Erzwingung des korrekten Speichers "
"zur Kompilierzeit\n"
"> Verwaltung."
#: src/memory-management.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept."
msgstr "Dies geschieht mit einem expliziten Eigentumskonzept."
#: src/memory-management.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works."
msgstr ""
"Lassen Sie uns zunächst die Funktionsweise der Speicherverwaltung "
"auffrischen."
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# The Stack vs The Heap"
msgstr "# Der Stapel gegen den Haufen"
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables.\n"
" * Values have fixed sizes known at compile time.\n"
" * Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer.\n"
" * Easy to manage: follows function calls.\n"
" * Great memory locality.\n"
"\n"
"* Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls.\n"
" * Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime.\n"
" * Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed.\n"
" * No guarantee of memory locality."
msgstr ""
"* Stack: Kontinuierlicher Speicherbereich für lokale Variablen.\n"
" * Werte haben feste Größen, die zur Kompilierzeit bekannt sind.\n"
" * Extrem schnell: Bewegen Sie einfach einen Stapelzeiger.\n"
" * Einfach zu verwalten: folgt Funktionsaufrufen.\n"
" * Große Gedächtnislokalität."
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Stack Memory"
msgstr "# Stapelspeicher"
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized data on the stack and dynamically "
"sized\n"
"data on the heap:"
msgstr ""
"Das Erstellen eines \"Strings\" legt Daten mit fester Größe auf den Stapel "
"und dynamisch in der Größe\n"
"Daten auf dem Haufen:"
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:12
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": s1 : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n"
": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:28
msgid ""
"* Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and "
"length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap.\n"
"\n"
"* If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is "
"heap allocated using the [System Allocator] and custom allocators can be "
"implemented using the [Allocator API]\n"
"\n"
"* We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should "
"point out that this is rightfully unsafe!\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,editable\n"
" fn main() {\n"
" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
" s1.push(' ');\n"
" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n"
" // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n"
" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could "
"lead to\n"
" // undefined behavior.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" let (capacity, ptr, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::"
"transmute(s1);\n"
" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = "
"{capacity}\");\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" ```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Manual Memory Management"
msgstr "# Manuelle Speicherverwaltung"
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself."
msgstr "Heap-Speicher können Sie selbst zuweisen und freigeben."
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security "
"vulnerabilities, and memory leaks."
msgstr ""
"Wenn dies nicht sorgfältig durchgeführt wird, kann dies zu Abstürzen, "
"Fehlern, Sicherheitslücken und Speicherlecks führen."
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "## C Example"
msgstr "##C Beispiel"
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:"
msgstr ""
"Sie müssen `free` auf jedem Zeiger aufrufen, den Sie mit `malloc` zuweisen:"
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:11
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"void foo(size_t n) {\n"
" int* int_array = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n"
" //\n"
" // ... lots of code\n"
" //\n"
" free(int_array);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and `free`: "
"the\n"
"pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory."
msgstr ""
"Speicherverlust, wenn die Funktion früh zwischen `malloc` und `free` "
"zurückkehrt: the\n"
"Zeiger geht verloren und wir können den Speicher nicht freigeben."
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Scope-Based Memory Management"
msgstr "# Bereichsbasierte Speicherverwaltung"
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object."
msgstr ""
"Mit Konstruktoren und Destruktoren können Sie sich in die Lebensdauer eines "
"Objekts einklinken."
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object is\n"
"destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an exception "
"is\n"
"raised."
msgstr ""
"Indem Sie einen Zeiger in ein Objekt einschließen, können Sie Speicher "
"freigeben, wenn das Objekt vorhanden ist\n"
"zerstört. Der Compiler garantiert, dass dies geschieht, auch wenn es sich um "
"eine Ausnahme handelt\n"
"erzogen."
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and "
"gives\n"
"you smart pointers."
msgstr ""
"Dies wird oft als _Ressourcenerwerb ist Initialisierung_ (RAII) bezeichnet "
"und gibt\n"
"ihr klugen zeiger."
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "## C++ Example"
msgstr "## C++-Beispiel"
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:14
msgid ""
"```c++\n"
"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr<Person> person) {\n"
" std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to\n"
" memory allocated on the heap.\n"
"* At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run.\n"
"* The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to."
msgstr ""
"* Das `std::unique_ptr`-Objekt wird auf dem Stack allokiert und zeigt auf\n"
" auf dem Heap zugewiesener Speicher.\n"
"* Am Ende von `say_hello` wird der Destruktor `std::unique_ptr` ausgeführt.\n"
"* Der Destruktor gibt das `Person`-Objekt frei, auf das er zeigt."
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:"
msgstr ""
"Spezielle Move-Konstruktoren werden verwendet, wenn der Besitz an eine "
"Funktion übergeben wird:"
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:27
msgid ""
"```c++\n"
"std::unique_ptr<Person> person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n"
"say_hello(std::move(person));\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Automatic Memory Management"
msgstr "# Automatische Speicherverwaltung"
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic "
"memory\n"
"management:"
msgstr ""
"Eine Alternative zur manuellen und bereichsbasierten Speicherverwaltung ist "
"der automatische Speicher\n"
"Management:"
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly.\n"
"* A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the "
"programmer."
msgstr ""
"* Der Programmierer weist Speicher nie explizit zu oder gibt ihn nicht mehr "
"frei.\n"
"* Ein Garbage Collector findet ungenutzten Speicher und gibt ihn für den "
"Programmierer frei."
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Java Example"
msgstr "## Java-Beispiel"
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:"
msgstr ""
"Das `person`-Objekt wird nicht freigegeben, nachdem `sayHello` zurückgegeben "
"wird:"
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:13
msgid ""
"```java\n"
"void sayHello(Person person) {\n"
" System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Memory Management in Rust"
msgstr "# Speicherverwaltung in Rust"
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:"
msgstr "Die Speicherverwaltung in Rust ist eine Mischung:"
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector.\n"
"* Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you "
"choose, can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically "
"reference counted.\n"
"* Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence.\n"
"* A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even "
"have no cost at runtime like C."
msgstr ""
"* Sicher und korrekt wie Java, aber ohne Garbage Collector.\n"
"* Je nachdem, welche Abstraktion (oder Kombination von Abstraktionen) Sie "
"wählen, kann es sich um einen einzelnen eindeutigen Zeiger, eine "
"Referenzzählung oder eine atomare Referenzzählung handeln.\n"
"* Bereichsbasiert wie C++, aber der Compiler erzwingt die vollständige "
"Einhaltung.\n"
"* Ein Rust-Benutzer kann die richtige Abstraktion für die Situation "
"auswählen, einige haben sogar keine Kosten zur Laufzeit wie C."
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "It achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly."
msgstr "Dies wird erreicht, indem _Eigentum_ explizit modelliert wird."
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually "
"handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box], [Vec], [Rc], or [Arc]. These "
"encapsulate ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent "
"the potential errors in C.\n"
"\n"
"* You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop] trait is the Rust "
"equivalent."
msgstr ""
"* Wenn Sie an dieser Stelle fragen, wie das geht, können Sie erwähnen, dass "
"dies in Rust normalerweise von RAII-Wrapper-Typen wie [Box], [Vec], [Rc] "
"oder [Arc] gehandhabt wird. Diese kapseln den Besitz und die "
"Speicherzuweisung auf verschiedene Weise und verhindern die potenziellen "
"Fehler in C."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Comparison"
msgstr "# Vergleich"
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques."
msgstr "Hier ist ein grober Vergleich der Speicherverwaltungstechniken."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques"
msgstr "## Vorteile verschiedener Speicherverwaltungstechniken"
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Manual like C:\n"
" * No runtime overhead.\n"
"* Automatic like Java:\n"
" * Fully automatic.\n"
" * Safe and correct.\n"
"* Scope-based like C++:\n"
" * Partially automatic.\n"
" * No runtime overhead.\n"
"* Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:\n"
" * Enforced by compiler.\n"
" * No runtime overhead.\n"
" * Safe and correct."
msgstr ""
"* Handbuch wie C:\n"
" * Kein Laufzeitaufwand.\n"
"* Automatisch wie Java:\n"
" * Komplett automatisch.\n"
" * Sicher und korrekt.\n"
"* Bereichsbasiert wie C++:\n"
" * Teilautomatisch.\n"
" * Kein Laufzeitaufwand.\n"
"* Vom Compiler erzwungener Geltungsbereich wie Rust:\n"
" * Vom Compiler erzwungen.\n"
" * Kein Laufzeitaufwand.\n"
" * Sicher und korrekt."
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques"
msgstr "## Nachteile verschiedener Techniken zur Speicherverwaltung"
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Manual like C:\n"
" * Use-after-free.\n"
" * Double-frees.\n"
" * Memory leaks.\n"
"* Automatic like Java:\n"
" * Garbage collection pauses.\n"
" * Destructor delays.\n"
"* Scope-based like C++:\n"
" * Complex, opt-in by programmer.\n"
" * Potential for use-after-free.\n"
"* Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:\n"
" * Some upfront complexity.\n"
" * Can reject valid programs."
msgstr ""
"* Handbuch wie C:\n"
" * Use-after-free.\n"
" * Double-frees.\n"
" * Speicherlecks.\n"
"* Automatisch wie Java:\n"
" * Garbage Collection pausiert.\n"
" * Destruktorverzögerungen.\n"
"* Bereichsbasiert wie C++:\n"
" * Komplex, Opt-in durch Programmierer.\n"
" * Potenzial für die Nutzung nach dem Kostenlos.\n"
"* Compiler-erzwungen und bereichsbasiert wie Rust:\n"
" * Etwas Komplexität im Voraus.\n"
" * Kann gültige Programme ablehnen."
#: src/ownership.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Ownership"
msgstr "# Eigentum"
#: src/ownership.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error "
"to\n"
"use a variable outside its scope:"
msgstr ""
"Alle Variablenbindungen haben einen _Geltungsbereich_, wo sie gültig sind "
"und es ein Fehler ist\n"
"Verwenden Sie eine Variable außerhalb ihres Gültigkeitsbereichs:"
#: src/ownership.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" {\n"
" let p = Point(3, 4);\n"
" println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed.\n"
"* A destructor can run here to free up resources.\n"
"* We say that the variable _owns_ the value."
msgstr ""
"* Am Ende des Gültigkeitsbereichs wird die Variable _gelöscht_ und die Daten "
"werden freigegeben.\n"
"* Hier kann ein Destruktor laufen, um Ressourcen freizugeben.\n"
"* Wir sagen, dass die Variable den Wert _besitzt_."
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Move Semantics"
msgstr "# Bewegungssemantik"
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "An assignment will transfer ownership between variables:"
msgstr "Eine Zuweisung überträgt den Besitz zwischen Variablen:"
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n"
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership.\n"
"* The data was _moved_ from `s1` and `s1` is no longer accessible.\n"
"* When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it has no ownership.\n"
"* When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed.\n"
"* There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value."
msgstr ""
"* Die Zuweisung von `s1` an `s2` überträgt das Eigentum.\n"
"* Die Daten wurden von `s1` _verschoben_ und `s1` ist nicht mehr "
"zugänglich.\n"
"* Wenn `s1` den Gültigkeitsbereich verlässt, passiert nichts: Es hat keinen "
"Besitz.\n"
"* Wenn `s2` den Geltungsbereich verlässt, werden die String-Daten "
"freigegeben.\n"
"* Es gibt immer _genau_ eine Variablenbindung, die einen Wert besitzt."
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by "
"value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!).\n"
"\n"
"* In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)."
msgstr ""
"* Erwähnen Sie, dass dies das Gegenteil der Standardeinstellungen in C++ "
"ist, die nach Wert kopieren, es sei denn, Sie verwenden `std::move` (und der "
"Move-Konstruktor ist definiert!)."
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Moved Strings in Rust"
msgstr "# Bewegte Saiten in Rost"
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n"
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`.\n"
"* When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)."
msgstr ""
"* Die Heap-Daten von „s1“ werden für „s2“ wiederverwendet.\n"
"* Wenn `s1` den Gültigkeitsbereich verlässt, passiert nichts (es wurde "
"verschoben)."
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "Before move to `s2`:"
msgstr "Vor dem Wechsel zu `s2`:"
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:15
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": s1 : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
": :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "After move to `s2`:"
msgstr "Nach Umzug nach `s2`:"
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:32
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n"
": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
": s2 : |\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : |\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n"
": | len | 4 | :\n"
": | capacity | 4 | :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ :\n"
": :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Double Frees in Modern C++"
msgstr "# Double Frees in modernem C++"
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:"
msgstr "Modernes C++ löst dies anders:"
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:5
msgid ""
"```c++\n"
"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n"
"std::string s2 = s1; // Duplicate the data in s1.\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent "
"copy.\n"
"* When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory."
msgstr ""
"* Die Heap-Daten von `s1` werden dupliziert und `s2` bekommt seine eigene "
"unabhängige Kopie.\n"
"* Wenn `s1` und `s2` den Geltungsbereich verlassen, geben sie jeweils ihren "
"eigenen Speicher frei."
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "Before copy-assignment:"
msgstr "Vor Kopierauftrag:"
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:16
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": s1 : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "After copy-assignment:"
msgstr "Nach der Kopierzuweisung:"
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:32
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": s1 : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
": : : :\n"
": s2 : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Moves in Function Calls"
msgstr "# Bewegungen in Funktionsaufrufen"
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function\n"
"parameter. This transfers ownership:"
msgstr ""
"Wenn Sie einer Funktion einen Wert übergeben, wird der Wert der Funktion "
"zugewiesen\n"
"Parameter. Dadurch wird das Eigentum übertragen:"
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn say_hello(name: String) {\n"
" println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n"
" say_hello(name);\n"
" // say_hello(name);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. "
"Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`.\n"
"* The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the "
"`say_hello` function.\n"
"* `main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) "
"and if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter.\n"
"* Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name."
"clone()`).\n"
"* Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making "
"move semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones "
"explicit."
msgstr ""
"* Mit dem ersten Aufruf von `say_hello` gibt `main` den Besitz von `name` "
"auf. Danach kann `name` nicht mehr innerhalb von `main` verwendet werden.\n"
"* Der für `name` zugewiesene Heap-Speicher wird am Ende der `say_hello`-"
"Funktion freigegeben.\n"
"* `main` kann den Besitz behalten, wenn es `name` als Referenz (`&name`) "
"übergibt und wenn `say_hello` eine Referenz als Parameter akzeptiert.\n"
"* Alternativ kann `main` beim ersten Aufruf (`name.clone()`) einen Klon von "
"`name` übergeben.\n"
"* Rust macht es schwieriger als C++, versehentlich Kopien zu erstellen, "
"indem es die Bewegungssemantik zum Standard macht und Programmierer dazu "
"zwingt, Klone explizit zu machen."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Copying and Cloning"
msgstr "# Kopieren und Klonen"
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:"
msgstr ""
"Während die Bewegungssemantik der Standard ist, werden bestimmte Typen "
"standardmäßig kopiert:"
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let x = 42;\n"
" let y = x;\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait."
msgstr "Diese Typen implementieren das `Copy`-Merkmal."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:"
msgstr ""
"Sie können Ihre eigenen Typen für die Verwendung von Kopiersemantik "
"aktivieren:"
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:18
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
" let p2 = p1;\n"
" println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n"
" println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data.\n"
"* We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data."
msgstr ""
"* Nach der Zuweisung besitzen sowohl `p1` als auch `p2` ihre eigenen Daten.\n"
"* Wir können auch `p1.clone()` verwenden, um die Daten explizit zu kopieren."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:"
msgstr "Kopieren und Klonen sind nicht dasselbe:"
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on "
"arbitrary objects.\n"
"* Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C+"
"+).\n"
"* Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by "
"implementing the `Clone` trait.\n"
"* Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait."
msgstr ""
"* Kopieren bezieht sich auf bitweises Kopieren von Speicherbereichen und "
"funktioniert nicht mit beliebigen Objekten.\n"
"* Beim Kopieren ist keine benutzerdefinierte Logik möglich (im Gegensatz zu "
"Kopierkonstruktoren in C++).\n"
"* Klonen ist eine allgemeinere Operation und ermöglicht auch "
"benutzerdefiniertes Verhalten durch Implementieren der Eigenschaft "
"\"Klonen\".\n"
"* Das Kopieren funktioniert nicht bei Typen, die das `Drop`-Merkmal "
"implementieren."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:42 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid "In the above example, try the following:"
msgstr "Versuchen Sie im obigen Beispiel Folgendes:"
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because "
"`String` is not a `Copy` type.\n"
"* Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in "
"the `println!` for `p1`.\n"
"* Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead."
msgstr ""
"* Fügen Sie ein `String`-Feld zu `struct Point` hinzu. Es wird nicht "
"kompiliert, da `String` kein `Copy`-Typ ist.\n"
"* Entfernen Sie „Copy“ aus dem „derive“-Attribut. Der Compiler-Fehler steht "
"jetzt im `println!` für `p1`.\n"
"* Zeigen Sie, dass es funktioniert, wenn Sie stattdessen `p1` klonen."
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a way "
"to generate code in Rust\n"
"at compile time. In this case the default implementations of `Copy` and "
"`Clone` traits are generated."
msgstr ""
"Wenn Schüler nach „derive“ fragen, reicht es zu sagen, dass dies eine "
"Möglichkeit ist, Code in Rust zu generieren\n"
"zur Kompilierzeit. In diesem Fall werden die Standardimplementierungen der "
"Merkmale „Kopieren“ und „Klonen“ generiert.\n"
" \n"
"</details>"
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Borrowing"
msgstr "# Ausleihen"
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, you can let a\n"
"function _borrow_ the value:"
msgstr ""
"Anstatt den Besitz beim Aufruf einer Funktion zu übertragen, können Sie a\n"
"function _borrow_ den Wert:"
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
" Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point.\n"
"* The caller retains ownership of the inputs."
msgstr ""
"* Die `add`-Funktion _leiht_ zwei Punkte und gibt einen neuen Punkt zurück.\n"
"* Der Aufrufer behält das Eigentum an den Eingaben."
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "Notes on stack returns:"
msgstr "Hinweise zur Stapelrückgabe:\n"
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:28
msgid ""
"* Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can "
"eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses "
"and run it on the [Playground]. In the \"DEBUG\" optimization level, the "
"addresses should change, while they stay the same when changing to the "
"\"RELEASE\" setting:\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,editable\n"
" #[derive(Debug)]\n"
" struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
" fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
" let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n"
" println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n"
" p\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn main() {\n"
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
" println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n"
" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
"* The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO).\n"
"* In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification "
"because constructors can have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at "
"all. If RVO did not happen, Rust will always performs a simple and efficient "
"`memcpy` copy."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Shared and Unique Borrows"
msgstr "# Gemeinsame und einzigartige Ausleihen"
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values:"
msgstr "Rust schränkt die Art und Weise ein, wie Sie Werte ausleihen können:"
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* You can have one or more `&T` values at any given time, _or_\n"
"* You can have exactly one `&mut T` value."
msgstr ""
"* Sie können jederzeit einen oder mehrere `&T`-Werte haben, _oder_\n"
"* Sie können genau einen `&mut T`-Wert haben."
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut a: i32 = 10;\n"
" let b: &i32 = &a;\n"
"\n"
" {\n"
" let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n"
" *c = 20;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable "
"(through `c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time.\n"
"* Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` "
"to make the code compile.\n"
"* After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before "
"the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow "
"checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"."
msgstr ""
"* Der obige Code lässt sich nicht kompilieren, da `a` gleichzeitig als "
"veränderlich (durch `c`) und als unveränderlich (durch `b`) ausgeliehen "
"wird.\n"
"* Verschieben Sie die `println!`-Anweisung für `b` vor den "
"Gültigkeitsbereich, der `c` einführt, um den Code zu kompilieren.\n"
"* Nach dieser Änderung erkennt der Compiler, dass `b` immer nur vor dem "
"neuen änderbaren Borgen von `a` bis `c` verwendet wird. Dies ist eine "
"Funktion des Borrow-Checkers, die als \"nicht-lexikalische Lebensdauern\" "
"bezeichnet wird."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Lifetimes"
msgstr "# Lebensdauer"
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:"
msgstr "Ein geliehener Wert hat eine _Lebensdauer_:"
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:5
msgid ""
"* The lifetime can be implicit: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`.\n"
"* Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`.\n"
"* Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the\n"
" lifetime `a`\".\n"
"* Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a "
"lifetime\n"
" yourself.\n"
" * Lifetime annotations create constraints; the compiler verifies that "
"there is\n"
" a valid solution.\n"
"* Lifetimes for function arguments and return values must be fully "
"specified,\n"
" but Rust allows these to be elided in most cases with [a few simple\n"
" rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Lifetimes in Function Calls"
msgstr "# Lebensdauer in Funktionsaufrufen"
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed "
"value:"
msgstr ""
"Zusätzlich zum Ausleihen ihrer Argumente kann eine Funktion einen geliehenen "
"Wert zurückgeben:"
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
" let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler.\n"
"* Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name.\n"
"* Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the\n"
" lifetime `a`\".\n"
" * The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes."
msgstr ""
"* „a“ ist ein generischer Parameter, er wird vom Compiler abgeleitet.\n"
"* Lebensdauern beginnen mit `'` und `'a` ist ein typischer Standardname.\n"
"* Lesen Sie `&'einen Punkt` als \"einen geliehenen `Punkt`, der mindestens "
"für den gilt\n"
" Lebenszeit `a`\".\n"
" * Der Teil _at least_ ist wichtig, wenn sich Parameter in "
"unterschiedlichen Geltungsbereichen befinden."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a new scope (`{ ... }`), "
"resulting in the following code:\n"
" ```rust,ignore\n"
" #[derive(Debug)]\n"
" struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
" fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn main() {\n"
" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
" let p3: &Point;\n"
" {\n"
" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
" p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
" Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`.\n"
"\n"
"* Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn left_most<'a, "
"'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will not compile "
"because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` is unclear.\n"
"* Another way to explain it:\n"
" * Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function "
"returns\n"
" another reference.\n"
" * It must have come from one of those two inputs (or from a global "
"variable).\n"
" * Which one is it? The compiler needs to know, so at the call site the "
"returned reference is not used\n"
" for longer than a variable from where the reference came from."
msgstr ""
"* Setzen Sie den Arbeitsbereich zurück und ändern Sie die Funktionssignatur "
"zu `fn left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. Dies "
"wird nicht kompiliert, da die Beziehung zwischen den Lebensdauern „a“ und "
"„b“ unklar ist.\n"
"* Eine andere Möglichkeit, es zu erklären:\n"
" * Zwei Referenzen auf zwei Werte werden von einer Funktion ausgeliehen und "
"die Funktion kehrt zurück\n"
" eine andere Referenz.\n"
" * Es muss von einem dieser beiden Eingänge stammen (oder von einer "
"globalen Variablen).\n"
" * Welches ist es? Der Compiler muss es wissen, damit die zurückgegebene "
"Referenz auf der Aufrufseite nicht verwendet wird\n"
" länger als eine Variable, von der die Referenz stammt."
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Lifetimes in Data Structures"
msgstr "# Lebensdauern in Datenstrukturen"
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:"
msgstr ""
"Wenn ein Datentyp geliehene Daten speichert, muss er mit einer Lebensdauer "
"versehen werden:"
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n"
"\n"
"fn erase(text: String) {\n"
" println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
"\");\n"
" let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n"
" let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n"
" // erase(text);\n"
" println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n"
" println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data "
"underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of "
"`Highlight` that uses that data.\n"
"* If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), "
"the borrow checker throws an error.\n"
"* Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This "
"can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them "
"somewhat harder to use.\n"
"* When possible, make data structures own their data directly.\n"
"* Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one "
"lifetime annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe "
"lifetime relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the "
"lifetime of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases."
msgstr ""
"* Im obigen Beispiel erzwingt die Anmerkung zu `Highlight`, dass die Daten, "
"die dem enthaltenen `&str` zugrunde liegen, mindestens so lange leben wie "
"jede Instanz von `Highlight`, die diese Daten verwendet.\n"
"* Wenn `text` vor dem Ende der Lebensdauer von `fox` (oder `dog`) verbraucht "
"wird, wirft der Borrow-Checker einen Fehler.\n"
"* Typen mit geliehenen Daten zwingen Benutzer, an den Originaldaten "
"festzuhalten. Dies kann nützlich sein, um einfache Ansichten zu erstellen, "
"macht sie jedoch im Allgemeinen etwas schwieriger zu verwenden.\n"
"* Wenn möglich, machen Sie Datenstrukturen direkt Eigentümer ihrer Daten.\n"
"* Einige Strukturen mit mehreren darin enthaltenen Referenzen können mehr "
"als eine lebenslange Anmerkung haben. Dies kann erforderlich sein, wenn "
"zusätzlich zur Lebensdauer der Struktur selbst Lebensdauerbeziehungen "
"zwischen den Referenzen selbst beschrieben werden müssen. Das sind sehr "
"fortgeschrittene Anwendungsfälle.\n"
"</Details>"
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 1: Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "# Tag 1: Nachmittagsübungen"
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at two things:"
msgstr "Wir werden uns zwei Dinge ansehen:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* A small book library,\n"
"\n"
"* Iterators and ownership (hard)."
msgstr "* Iteratoren und Besitz (schwer)."
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Designing a Library"
msgstr "# Entwerfen einer Bibliothek"
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec<T>` type tomorrow. For "
"now,\n"
"you just need to know part of its API:"
msgstr ""
"Wir werden morgen viel mehr über Strukturen und den Typ `Vec<T>` lernen. Zur "
"Zeit,\n"
"Sie müssen nur einen Teil seiner API kennen:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n"
" vec.push(30);\n"
" let midpoint = vec.len() / 2;\n"
" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[midpoint]);\n"
" for item in &vec {\n"
" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use this to create a library application. Copy the code below to\n"
"<https://play.rust-lang.org/> and update the types to make it compile:"
msgstr ""
"Verwenden Sie dies, um eine Bibliotheksanwendung zu erstellen. Kopieren Sie "
"den folgenden Code nach\n"
"<https://play.rust-lang.org/> und aktualisieren Sie die Typen, damit es "
"kompiliert wird:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:21
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"struct Library {\n"
" books: Vec<Book>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Book {\n"
" title: String,\n"
" year: u16,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Book {\n"
" // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
" Book {\n"
" title: String::from(title),\n"
" year,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n"
"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n"
"//\n"
"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n"
"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n"
"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n"
"impl Library {\n"
" fn new() -> Library {\n"
" todo!(\"Initialize and return a `Library` value\")\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n"
" //}\n"
"\n"
" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n"
" //}\n"
"\n"
" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n"
" //}\n"
"\n"
" //fn print_books(self) {\n"
" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and "
"year\")\n"
" //}\n"
"\n"
" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n"
" //}\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let library = Library::new();\n"
"\n"
" //println!(\"The library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n"
" //\n"
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
"1865));\n"
" //\n"
" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n"
" //\n"
" //\n"
" //library.print_books();\n"
" //\n"
" //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n"
" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n"
" //}\n"
" //\n"
" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
" //library.print_books();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:102
#, fuzzy
msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
msgstr "[Lösung](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Iterators and Ownership"
msgstr "# Iteratoren und Eigentum"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the\n"
"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and\n"
"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator."
"html)\n"
"traits."
msgstr ""
"Das Eigentumsmodell von Rust betrifft viele APIs. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist "
"die\n"
"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) und\n"
"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator."
"html)\n"
"Züge."
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `Iterator`"
msgstr "## `Iterator`"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. "
"The\n"
"`Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get `None` "
"back:"
msgstr ""
"Merkmale sind wie Schnittstellen: Sie beschreiben das Verhalten (Methoden) "
"für einen Typ. Der\n"
"Das `Iterator`-Merkmal sagt einfach, dass Sie `next` aufrufen können, bis "
"Sie `None` zurückbekommen:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:13
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"pub trait Iterator {\n"
" type Item;\n"
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item>;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "You use this trait like this:"
msgstr "Sie verwenden diese Eigenschaft wie folgt:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:22
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
" let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
" println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
" println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
" println!(\"No more items: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:"
msgstr "Welchen Typ gibt der Iterator zurück? Testen Sie Ihre Antwort hier:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:36
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
" let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
"\n"
" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "Why is this type used?"
msgstr "Warum wird dieser Typ verwendet?"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `IntoIterator`"
msgstr "## `IntoIterator`"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an\n"
"iterator. The related trait `IntoIterator` tells you how to create the "
"iterator:"
msgstr ""
"Die Eigenschaft „Iterator“ sagt Ihnen, wie Sie _iteraten_, sobald Sie eine "
"erstellt haben\n"
"Iterator. Die zugehörige Eigenschaft `IntoIterator` sagt Ihnen, wie Sie den "
"Iterator erstellen:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:53
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"pub trait IntoIterator {\n"
" type Item;\n"
" type IntoIter: Iterator<Item = Self::Item>;\n"
"\n"
" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The syntax here means that every implementation of `IntoIterator` must\n"
"declare two types:"
msgstr ""
"Die Syntax hier bedeutet, dass jede Implementierung von `IntoIterator` muss\n"
"deklarieren Sie zwei Arten:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:65
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Item`: the type we iterate over, such as `i8`,\n"
"* `IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method."
msgstr ""
"* `Item`: der Typ, über den wir iterieren, wie z. B. `i8`,\n"
"* `IntoIter`: der `Iterator`-Typ, der von der `into_iter`-Methode "
"zurückgegeben wird."
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:68
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same\n"
"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option<Item>`"
msgstr ""
"Beachten Sie, dass „IntoIter“ und „Item“ verknüpft sind: Der Iterator muss "
"dasselbe haben\n"
"`Item`-Typ, was bedeutet, dass es `Option<Item>` zurückgibt"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:71
#, fuzzy
msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?"
msgstr "Welchen Typ gibt der Iterator wie zuvor zurück?"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:73
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::"
"from(\"bar\")];\n"
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
"\n"
" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:83
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `for` Loops"
msgstr "## `for`-Schleifen"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:85
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` "
"loops.\n"
"They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the resulting\n"
"iterator:"
msgstr ""
"Jetzt, da wir sowohl „Iterator“ als auch „IntoIterator“ kennen, können wir "
"„for“-Schleifen bauen.\n"
"Sie rufen `into_iter()` für einen Ausdruck auf und iterieren über das "
"Ergebnis\n"
"Iterator:"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:89
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::"
"from(\"bar\")];\n"
"\n"
" for word in &v {\n"
" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" for word in v {\n"
" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:103
#, fuzzy
msgid "What is the type of `word` in each loop?"
msgstr "Was ist die Art von „Wort“ in jeder Schleife?"
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:105
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for "
"[`impl\n"
"IntoIterator for\n"
"&Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-"
"IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
"and [`impl IntoIterator for\n"
"Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-"
"for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
"to check your answers."
msgstr ""
"Experimentieren Sie mit dem obigen Code und konsultieren Sie dann die "
"Dokumentation für [`impl\n"
"IntoIterator für\n"
"&Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-"
"IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
"und [`impl IntoIterator for\n"
"Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-"
"for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
"um Ihre Antworten zu überprüfen."
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Welcome to Day 2"
msgstr "# Willkommen zu Tag 2"
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, we will continue with:"
msgstr ""
"Nachdem wir nun eine ganze Menge Rust gesehen haben, fahren wir fort mit:"
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:5
msgid ""
"* Structs, enums, methods.\n"
"\n"
"* Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays.\n"
"\n"
"* Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, "
"and\n"
" `continue`.\n"
"\n"
"* The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, "
"`Rc`\n"
" and `Arc`.\n"
"\n"
"* Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Structs"
msgstr "# Strukturen"
#: src/structs.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:"
msgstr "Wie C und C++ unterstützt Rust benutzerdefinierte Strukturen:"
#: src/structs.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Person {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" age: u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut peter = Person {\n"
" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
" age: 27,\n"
" };\n"
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
" \n"
" peter.age = 28;\n"
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
" \n"
" let jackie = Person {\n"
" name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n"
" ..peter\n"
" };\n"
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/structs.md:31 src/enums.md:34 src/enums/sizes.md:29 src/methods.md:30
#: src/methods/example.md:46 src/pattern-matching.md:25
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:22 src/control-flow/blocks.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid "Key Points:"
msgstr "Wichtige Punkte:"
#: src/structs.md:33
msgid ""
"* Structs work like in C or C++.\n"
" * Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type.\n"
" * Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs.\n"
"* Methods are defined in an `impl` block, which we will see in following "
"slides.\n"
"* This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of "
"structs. \n"
" * Zero-sized structs `e.g., struct Foo;` might be used when implementing a "
"trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the "
"value itself. \n"
" * The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names "
"are not important.\n"
"* The syntax `..peter` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the "
"old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be "
"the last element."
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Tuple Structs"
msgstr "# Tupelstrukturen"
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:"
msgstr ""
"Wenn die Feldnamen unwichtig sind, können Sie eine Tupelstruktur verwenden:"
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p = Point(17, 23);\n"
" println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):"
msgstr "Dies wird häufig für Einzelfeld-Wrapper (genannt Newtypes) verwendet:"
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:16
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"struct PoundsOfForce(f64);\n"
"struct Newtons(f64);\n"
"\n"
"fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundsOfForce {\n"
" todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n"
" // ...\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let force = compute_thruster_force();\n"
" set_thruster_force(force);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:37
msgid ""
"* Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value "
"in a primitive type, for example:\n"
" * The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above.\n"
" * The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer "
"have to validate it again at every use: 'PhoneNumber(String)` or "
"`OddNumber(u32)`.\n"
"* Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the "
"single field in the newtype.\n"
" * Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic "
"unwrapping or for instance using booleans as integers.\n"
" * Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics). "
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Field Shorthand Syntax"
msgstr "# Feld-Kurzsyntax"
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the\n"
"struct using a shorthand:"
msgstr ""
"Wenn Sie bereits Variablen mit den richtigen Namen haben, können Sie die "
"erstellen\n"
"struct mit einer Abkürzung:"
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Person {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" age: u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Person {\n"
" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n"
" Person { name, age }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n"
" println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:27
msgid ""
"* The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is "
"interchangeable with the struct type name\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,editable\n"
" #[derive(Debug)]\n"
" struct Person {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" age: u8,\n"
" }\n"
" impl Person {\n"
" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n"
" Self { name, age }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" ``` \n"
"* Implement the `Default` trait for the struct. Define some fields and use "
"the default values for the other fields.\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,editable\n"
" #[derive(Debug)]\n"
" struct Person {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" age: u8,\n"
" }\n"
" impl Default for Person {\n"
" fn default() -> Person {\n"
" Person {\n"
" name: \"Bot\".to_string(),\n"
" age: 0,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" fn create_default() {\n"
" let tmp = Person {\n"
" ..Default::default()\n"
" };\n"
" let tmp = Person {\n"
" name: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n"
" ..Default::default()\n"
" };\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"* Methods are defined in the `impl` block.\n"
"* Use struct update syntax to define a new structure using `peter`. Note "
"that the variable `peter` will no longer be accessible afterwards.\n"
"* Use `{:#?}` when printing structs to request the `Debug` representation."
msgstr ""
#: src/enums.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Enums"
msgstr "# Aufzählungen"
#: src/enums.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few\n"
"different variants:"
msgstr ""
"Das Schlüsselwort „enum“ ermöglicht die Erstellung eines Typs, der mehrere "
"hat\n"
"verschiedene Varianten:"
#: src/enums.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n"
" // Implementation based on https://xkcd.com/221/\n"
" 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"enum CoinFlip {\n"
" Heads,\n"
" Tails,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n"
" let random_number = generate_random_number();\n"
" if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n"
" return CoinFlip::Heads;\n"
" } else {\n"
" return CoinFlip::Tails;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type\n"
"* This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and "
"`Tail`. You might note the namespace when using variants.\n"
"* This might be a good time to compare Structs and Enums:\n"
" * In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or "
"one with different types of fields (variant payloads). \n"
" * In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block.\n"
" * You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate "
"structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were "
"all defined in an enum. "
msgstr ""
"* Aufzählungen ermöglichen es Ihnen, eine Reihe von Werten unter einem Typ "
"zu sammeln\n"
"* Diese Seite bietet einen Aufzählungstyp `CoinFlip` mit zwei Varianten "
"`Heads` und `Tail`. Beachten Sie bei der Verwendung von Varianten "
"möglicherweise den Namensraum.\n"
"* Dies könnte ein guter Zeitpunkt sein, um Structs und Enums zu "
"vergleichen:\n"
" * In beiden Fällen können Sie eine einfache Version ohne Felder (unit "
"struct) oder eine mit unterschiedlichen Feldtypen (variant payloads) haben.\n"
" * In beiden werden zugehörige Funktionen innerhalb eines `impl`-Blocks "
"definiert.\n"
" * Sie könnten sogar die verschiedenen Varianten einer Aufzählung mit "
"separaten Structs implementieren, aber dann wären sie nicht vom gleichen "
"Typ, wie wenn sie alle in einer Aufzählung definiert wären.\n"
"</details>"
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Variant Payloads"
msgstr "# Variantennutzlasten"
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then use "
"the\n"
"`match` statement to extract the data from each variant:"
msgstr ""
"Sie können reichhaltigere Aufzählungen definieren, bei denen die Varianten "
"Daten enthalten. Sie können dann die verwenden\n"
"`match`-Anweisung, um die Daten aus jeder Variante zu extrahieren:"
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"enum WebEvent {\n"
" PageLoad, // Variant without payload\n"
" KeyPress(char), // Tuple struct variant\n"
" Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
"fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
" match event {\n"
" WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n"
" WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n"
" WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n"
" let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n"
" let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };\n"
"\n"
" inspect(load);\n"
" inspect(press);\n"
" inspect(click);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:35
msgid ""
"* The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern "
"matched. The pattern binds references to the fields in the \"match arm\" "
"after the `=>`.\n"
" * The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There "
"is no fall-through like in C or C++.\n"
" * The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in "
"the match arm which was executed.\n"
" * Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then "
"run the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. \n"
"* Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the "
"advantage the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are "
"handled. \n"
"* `match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`.\n"
"* It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::"
"discriminant()`\n"
" * This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs "
"where comparing field values doesn't affect equality.\n"
"* `WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::"
"Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined version "
"cannot implement traits, for example. \n"
" "
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Enum Sizes"
msgstr "# Aufzählungsgrößen"
#: src/enums/sizes.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into "
"account:"
msgstr ""
"Rust-Aufzählungen sind dicht gepackt, wobei Einschränkungen aufgrund der "
"Ausrichtung berücksichtigt werden:"
#: src/enums/sizes.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n"
"\n"
"macro_rules! dbg_size {\n"
" ($t:ty) => {\n"
" println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n"
" stringify!($t), size_of::<$t>(), align_of::<$t>());\n"
" };\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"enum Foo {\n"
" A,\n"
" B,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" dbg_size!(Foo);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/enums/sizes.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout."
"html)."
msgstr ""
"* Siehe die [Rust-Referenz] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout."
"html)."
#: src/enums/sizes.md:31
msgid ""
" * Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum "
"variant.\n"
"\n"
" * You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with "
"C):\n"
" \n"
" ```rust,editable\n"
" #[repr(u32)]\n"
" enum Bar {\n"
" A, // 0\n"
" B = 10000,\n"
" C, // 10001\n"
" }\n"
" \n"
" fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n"
" println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n"
" println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
" Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits "
"2\n"
" bytes.\n"
"\n"
"\n"
" * Try out other types such as\n"
" \n"
" * `dbg_size!(bool)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes,\n"
" * `dbg_size!(Option<bool>)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes (niche "
"optimization, see below),\n"
" * `dbg_size!(&i32)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (on a 64-bit "
"machine),\n"
" * `dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (null pointer "
"optimization, see below).\n"
"\n"
" * Niche optimization: Rust will merge use unused bit patterns for the enum\n"
" discriminant.\n"
"\n"
" * Null pointer optimization: For [some\n"
" types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/#representation), Rust "
"guarantees\n"
" that `size_of::<T>()` equals `size_of::<Option<T>>()`.\n"
"\n"
" Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation *may* "
"look like in practice.\n"
" It's important to note that the compiler provides no guarantees "
"regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe.\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,editable\n"
" use std::mem::transmute;\n"
"\n"
" macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n"
" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n"
" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, "
"$bit_type>($e));\n"
" };\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn main() {\n"
" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
" // representation of types.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n"
" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n"
" dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<bool>\");\n"
" dbg_bits!(None::<bool>, u8);\n"
" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n"
" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<Option<bool>>\");\n"
" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n"
" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n"
" dbg_bits!(Some(None::<bool>), u8);\n"
" dbg_bits!(None::<Option<bool>>, u8);\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n"
" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n"
" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
" More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain "
"more than 256 `Option`s together.\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,editable\n"
" #![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n"
"\n"
" use std::mem::transmute;\n"
" \n"
" macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n"
" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n"
" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, "
"$bit_type>($e));\n"
" };\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" "
"signs.\n"
" // Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n"
" macro_rules! many_options {\n"
" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n"
" ($value:expr, @) => {\n"
" Some(Some($value))\n"
" };\n"
" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n"
" many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n"
" };\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn main() {\n"
" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
" // representation of types.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n"
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n"
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), "
"Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's."
"\");\n"
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's."
"\");\n"
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's."
"\");\n"
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::<bool>, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" ```"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with "
"an\n"
"`impl` block:"
msgstr ""
"Mit Rust können Sie Ihren neuen Typen Funktionen zuordnen. Das machst du mit "
"einem\n"
"`impl`-Block:"
#: src/methods.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Person {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" age: u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Person {\n"
" fn say_hello(&self) {\n"
" println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let peter = Person {\n"
" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
" age: 27,\n"
" };\n"
" peter.say_hello();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions.\n"
" * Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), "
"the first parameter represents the instance as `self`.\n"
" * Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method "
"receiver syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we "
"can keep all the implementation code in one predictable place.\n"
"* Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver. \n"
" * Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self:&Self` and perhaps show "
"how the struct name could also be used. \n"
" * Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in "
"and can be used elsewhere in the block.\n"
" * Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used "
"to refer to individual fields.\n"
" * This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from "
"`self` by modifying the code and trying to run say_hello twice. \n"
"* We describe the distinction between method receivers next.\n"
" "
msgstr ""
"* Es kann hilfreich sein, Methoden einzuführen, indem man sie mit Funktionen "
"vergleicht.\n"
" * Methoden werden für eine Instanz eines Typs aufgerufen (z. B. eine "
"Struktur oder Aufzählung), der erste Parameter repräsentiert die Instanz als "
"„self“.\n"
" * Entwickler können sich dafür entscheiden, Methoden zu verwenden, um die "
"Methodenempfängersyntax zu nutzen und sie besser organisiert zu halten. "
"Durch die Verwendung von Methoden können wir den gesamten "
"Implementierungscode an einem vorhersehbaren Ort aufbewahren.\n"
"* Weisen Sie auf die Verwendung des Schlüsselworts „self“ hin, einem "
"Methodenempfänger.\n"
" * Zeigen Sie, dass es sich um eine Abkürzung für `self:&Self` handelt und "
"zeigen Sie vielleicht, wie der Strukturname auch verwendet werden könnte.\n"
" * Erklären Sie, dass Self ein Typ-Alias für den Typ ist, in dem sich der "
"„impl“-Block befindet, und an anderer Stelle im Block verwendet werden "
"kann.\n"
" * Beachten Sie, dass self wie andere Strukturen verwendet wird und die "
"Punktnotation verwendet werden kann, um auf einzelne Felder zu verweisen.\n"
" * Dies könnte ein guter Zeitpunkt sein, um zu demonstrieren, wie sich "
"`&self` von `self` unterscheidet, indem Sie den Code ändern und versuchen, "
"say_hello zweimal auszuführen.\n"
"* Als nächstes beschreiben wir die Unterscheidung zwischen "
"Methodenempfängern.\n"
" \n"
"</details>"
#: src/methods/receiver.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Method Receiver"
msgstr "# Methodenempfänger"
#: src/methods/receiver.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `&self` above indicates that the method borrows the object immutably. "
"There\n"
"are other possible receivers for a method:"
msgstr ""
"Das obige `&self` gibt an, dass die Methode das Objekt unveränderlich "
"ausleiht. Dort\n"
"sind weitere mögliche Empfänger für eine Methode:"
#: src/methods/receiver.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable\n"
" reference. The object can be used again afterwards.\n"
"* `&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and "
"mutable\n"
" reference. The object can be used again afterwards.\n"
"* `self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. "
"The\n"
" method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped "
"(deallocated)\n"
" when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly\n"
" transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability.\n"
"* `mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object. \n"
"* No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used "
"to\n"
" create constructors which are called `new` by convention."
msgstr ""
"* `&self`: leiht sich das Objekt vom Aufrufer unter Verwendung eines Shared "
"und Immutable\n"
" Referenz. Das Objekt kann danach wieder verwendet werden.\n"
"* `&mut self`: leiht sich das Objekt vom Aufrufer unter Verwendung eines "
"Unique und Mutable\n"
" Referenz. Das Objekt kann danach wieder verwendet werden.\n"
"* `self`: übernimmt den Besitz des Objekts und verschiebt es vom Aufrufer "
"weg. Der\n"
" Die Methode wird Eigentümer des Objekts. Das Objekt wird gelöscht "
"(deallocated)\n"
" wenn die Methode zurückkehrt, es sei denn, ihr Besitz ist explizit\n"
" übermittelt.\n"
"* `mut self`: wie oben, aber während die Methode das Objekt besitzt, kann "
"sie es\n"
" mutiere es auch. Vollständiges Eigentum bedeutet nicht automatisch "
"Wandelbarkeit.\n"
"* Kein Empfänger: Dies wird zu einer statischen Methode für die Struktur. "
"Typischerweise gewohnt\n"
" Erstellen Sie Konstruktoren, die per Konvention \"neu\" genannt werden."
#: src/methods/receiver.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also\n"
"[special wrapper types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-"
"and-traits.html)\n"
"allowed to be receiver types, such as `Box<Self>`."
msgstr ""
"Neben Varianten von „self“ gibt es auch\n"
"[spezielle Wrapper-Typen](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-"
"and-traits.html)\n"
"dürfen Empfängertypen sein, wie z. B. `Box<Self>`."
#: src/methods/receiver.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". "
"These constraints always come\n"
"together in Rust due to borrow checker rules, and `self` is no exception. It "
"isn't possible to\n"
"reference a struct from multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) "
"method on it."
msgstr ""
"Erwägen Sie, die Betonung auf „gemeinsam und unveränderlich“ und "
"„einzigartig und veränderlich“ zu legen. Diese Einschränkungen kommen immer\n"
"zusammen in Rust aufgrund der Borrow-Checker-Regeln, und `self` ist keine "
"Ausnahme. Es wird nicht möglich sein\n"
"Verweisen Sie auf eine Struktur von mehreren Stellen und rufen Sie eine "
"Mutationsmethode (`&mut self`) darauf auf.\n"
" \n"
"</details>"
#: src/methods/example.md:1 src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Example"
msgstr "# Beispiel"
#: src/methods/example.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Race {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" laps: Vec<i32>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Race {\n"
" fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n"
" Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write "
"access to self\n"
" self.laps.push(lap);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n"
" println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n"
" for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n"
" println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n"
" let total = self.laps.iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
" println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, "
"total);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n"
" race.add_lap(70);\n"
" race.add_lap(68);\n"
" race.print_laps();\n"
" race.add_lap(71);\n"
" race.print_laps();\n"
" race.finish();\n"
" // race.add_lap(42);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods/example.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* All four methods here use a different method receiver.\n"
" * You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the "
"variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`.\n"
" * You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` "
"twice.\n"
"* Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static "
"functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables automatic "
"referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust automatically adds "
"in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches the method signature.\n"
"* You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated "
"over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. "
msgstr ""
"* Alle vier Methoden hier verwenden einen anderen Methodenempfänger.\n"
" * Sie können darauf hinweisen, wie sich das ändert, was die Funktion mit "
"den Variablenwerten machen kann und ob/wie sie wieder in `main` verwendet "
"werden kann.\n"
" * Sie können den Fehler zeigen, der auftritt, wenn Sie versuchen, zweimal "
"„finish“ aufzurufen.\n"
"* Beachten Sie, dass, obwohl die Methodenempfänger unterschiedlich sind, die "
"nicht statischen Funktionen im Hauptteil auf die gleiche Weise aufgerufen "
"werden. Rust ermöglicht die automatische Referenzierung und Dereferenzierung "
"beim Methodenaufruf. Rust fügt automatisch die `&`, `*`, `muts` hinzu, "
"sodass dieses Objekt mit der Methodensignatur übereinstimmt.\n"
"* Sie könnten darauf hinweisen, dass `print_laps` einen Vektor verwendet, "
"der iteriert wird. Am Nachmittag beschreiben wir Vektoren genauer."
#: src/pattern-matching.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Pattern Matching"
msgstr "# Musterabgleich"
#: src/pattern-matching.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `match` keyword let you match a value against one or more _patterns_. "
"The\n"
"comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins."
msgstr ""
"Mit dem Schlüsselwort „match“ können Sie einen Wert mit einem oder mehreren "
"_Mustern_ abgleichen. Der\n"
"Vergleiche werden von oben nach unten durchgeführt und das erste Match "
"gewinnt."
#: src/pattern-matching.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:"
msgstr ""
"Die Muster können einfache Werte sein, ähnlich wie `switch` in C und C++:"
#: src/pattern-matching.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let input = 'x';\n"
"\n"
" match input {\n"
" 'q' => println!(\"Quitting\"),\n"
" 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n"
" '0'..='9' => println!(\"Number input\"),\n"
" _ => println!(\"Something else\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value."
msgstr "Das `_`-Muster ist ein Platzhaltermuster, das jedem Wert entspricht."
#: src/pattern-matching.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a "
"pattern\n"
" * `|` as an `or`\n"
" * `..` can expand as much as it needs to be\n"
" * `1..=5` represents an inclusive range\n"
" * `_` is a wild card\n"
"* It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a "
"wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`.\n"
"* You can demonstrate matching on a reference.\n"
"* This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable patterns, "
"as the term can show up in error messages.\n"
" "
msgstr ""
"* Sie können darauf hinweisen, wie bestimmte Zeichen in einem Muster "
"verwendet werden\n"
" * `|` als `oder`\n"
" * `..` kann beliebig erweitert werden\n"
" * „1..=5“ steht für einen inklusiven Bereich\n"
" * „_“ ist ein Platzhalter\n"
"* Es kann nützlich sein, zu zeigen, wie die Bindung funktioniert, indem Sie "
"zum Beispiel ein Platzhalterzeichen durch eine Variable ersetzen oder die "
"Anführungszeichen um `q` entfernen.\n"
"* Sie können die Übereinstimmung anhand einer Referenz nachweisen.\n"
"* Dies könnte ein guter Zeitpunkt sein, um das Konzept der unwiderlegbaren "
"Muster anzusprechen, da der Begriff in Fehlermeldungen auftauchen kann.\n"
" \n"
"</Details>"
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Destructuring Enums"
msgstr "# Destrukturierung von Enums"
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is "
"how\n"
"you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple `enum` "
"type:"
msgstr ""
"Muster können auch verwendet werden, um Variablen an Teile Ihrer Werte zu "
"binden. Das ist wie\n"
"Sie inspizieren die Struktur Ihrer Typen. Beginnen wir mit einem einfachen "
"`enum`-Typ:"
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"enum Result {\n"
" Ok(i32),\n"
" Err(String),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n"
" if n % 2 == 0 {\n"
" Result::Ok(n / 2)\n"
" } else {\n"
" Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let n = 100;\n"
" match divide_in_two(n) {\n"
" Result::Ok(half) => println!(\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"),\n"
" Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the "
"first\n"
"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second "
"arm,\n"
"`msg` is bound to the error message."
msgstr ""
"Hier haben wir die Arme verwendet, um den „Result“-Wert zu "
"_destrukturieren_. In der ersten\n"
"arm, `half` ist an den Wert innerhalb der `Ok`-Variante gebunden. Im zweiten "
"Arm,\n"
"`msg` wird an die Fehlermeldung gebunden."
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked "
"with a `match`.\n"
"* You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying "
"the errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is "
"now inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints."
msgstr ""
"* Der `if`/`else`-Ausdruck gibt eine Aufzählung zurück, die später mit einem "
"`match` entpackt wird.\n"
"* Sie können versuchen, der Enum-Definition eine dritte Variante "
"hinzuzufügen und die Fehler beim Ausführen des Codes anzuzeigen. Weisen Sie "
"auf die Stellen hin, an denen Ihr Code jetzt unerschöpflich ist und wie der "
"Compiler versucht, Ihnen Hinweise zu geben."
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Destructuring Structs"
msgstr "# Destrukturierende Strukturen"
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:"
msgstr "Sie können `structs` auch destrukturieren:"
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Foo {\n"
" x: (u32, u32),\n"
" y: u32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n"
" match foo {\n"
" Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n"
" Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n"
" Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, other fields were "
"ignored\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:23
msgid ""
"* Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns.\n"
"* Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed.\n"
"* The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard "
"to\n"
" spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that "
"it subtly\n"
" doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Destructuring Arrays"
msgstr "# Destrukturieren von Arrays"
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can destructure arrays, tuples, and slices by matching on their elements:"
msgstr ""
"Sie können Arrays, Tupel und Slices destrukturieren, indem Sie ihre Elemente "
"abgleichen:"
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let triple = [0, -2, 3];\n"
" println!(\"Tell me about {triple:?}\");\n"
" match triple {\n"
" [0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
" [1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n"
" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:21
msgid ""
"* Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of "
"fixed length.\n"
"\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,editable\n"
" fn main() {\n"
" inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n"
" inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[rustfmt::skip]\n"
" fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n"
" println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n"
" match slice {\n"
" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
" &[1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were "
"ignored\"),\n"
" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
" \n"
"* Create a new pattern using `_` to represent an element. \n"
"* Add more values to the array.\n"
"* Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of "
"elements.\n"
"* Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Match Guards"
msgstr "# Match Guards"
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary "
"Boolean\n"
"expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:"
msgstr ""
"Beim Abgleich können Sie einem Muster einen _Wächter_ hinzufügen. Dies ist "
"ein beliebiger boolescher Wert\n"
"Ausdruck, der ausgeführt wird, wenn das Muster übereinstimmt:"
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let pair = (2, -2);\n"
" println!(\"Tell me about {pair:?}\");\n"
" match pair {\n"
" (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"These are twins\"),\n"
" (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n"
" (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"The first one is odd\"),\n"
" _ => println!(\"No correlation...\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when "
"we wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone would "
"allow.\n"
"* They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. "
"An `if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the "
"match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't "
"result in other arms\n"
"of the original `match` expression being considered. \n"
"* You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression.\n"
"* The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a "
"pattern with an `|`."
msgstr ""
"* Match Guards als separates Syntax-Feature sind wichtig und notwendig.\n"
"* Sie sind nicht dasselbe wie ein separater „if“-Ausdruck innerhalb des "
"Match-Arms. Ein „if“-Ausdruck innerhalb des Verzweigungsblocks (nach „=>“) "
"erfolgt, nachdem der Match-Arm ausgewählt wurde. Wenn die 'if'-Bedingung "
"innerhalb dieses Blocks nicht bestanden wird, führt dies nicht zu anderen "
"Armen\n"
"des betrachteten ursprünglichen \"Match\"-Ausdrucks.\n"
"* Sie können die im Muster definierten Variablen in Ihrem if-Ausdruck "
"verwenden.\n"
"* Die im Guard definierte Bedingung gilt für jeden Ausdruck in einem Muster "
"mit einem `|`.\n"
"</details>"
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 2: Morning Exercises"
msgstr "# Tag 2: Morgengymnastik"
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:"
msgstr "Wir werden Implementierungsmethoden in zwei Kontexten betrachten:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Simple struct which tracks health statistics.\n"
"\n"
"* Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library."
msgstr "* Mehrere Strukturen und Aufzählungen für eine Zeichnungsbibliothek."
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Health Statistics"
msgstr "# Gesundheitsstatistik"
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, "
"you\n"
"need to keep track of users' health statistics."
msgstr ""
"Sie arbeiten an der Implementierung eines Gesundheitsüberwachungssystems. "
"Als Teil davon Sie\n"
"müssen die Gesundheitsstatistiken der Benutzer verfolgen."
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You'll start with some stubbed functions in an `impl` block as well as a "
"`User`\n"
"struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out methods on the\n"
"`User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block."
msgstr ""
"Sie beginnen mit einigen Stub-Funktionen in einem `impl`-Block sowie einem "
"`User`\n"
"Strukturdefinition. Ihr Ziel ist es, die Stubbed-out-Methoden auf dem zu "
"implementieren\n"
"`User` `struct` definiert im `impl` Block."
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the "
"missing\n"
"methods:"
msgstr ""
"Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und "
"füllen Sie die fehlenden aus\n"
"Methoden:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:13
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"struct User {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" age: u32,\n"
" weight: f32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl User {\n"
" pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, weight: f32) -> Self {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn weight(&self) -> f32 {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn set_weight(&mut self, new_weight: f32) {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
" println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_weight() {\n"
" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
" assert_eq!(bob.weight(), 155.2);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_set_age() {\n"
" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n"
" bob.set_age(33);\n"
" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Polygon Struct"
msgstr "# Polygonstruktur"
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the code "
"below\n"
"to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing methods to make "
"the\n"
"tests pass:"
msgstr ""
"Wir werden eine \"Polygon\"-Struktur erstellen, die einige Punkte enthält. "
"Kopieren Sie den Code unten\n"
"zu <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und füllen Sie die fehlenden Methoden aus, "
"um die\n"
"Tests bestehen:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Point {\n"
" // add fields\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Point {\n"
" // add methods\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Polygon {\n"
" // add fields\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Polygon {\n"
" // add methods\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Circle {\n"
" // add fields\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Circle {\n"
" // add methods\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub enum Shape {\n"
" Polygon(Polygon),\n"
" Circle(Circle),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
"mod tests {\n"
" use super::*;\n"
"\n"
" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_point_dist() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_point_add() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
"\n"
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
"\n"
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
"\n"
" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
" let shapes = vec![\n"
" Shape::from(poly),\n"
" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
" ];\n"
" let perimeters = shapes\n"
" .iter()\n"
" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
" .map(round_two_digits)\n"
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
"fn main() {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:117
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the key "
"part\n"
"of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to modify the "
"tests."
msgstr ""
"Da die Methodensignaturen in den Problembeschreibungen fehlen, ist der "
"Schlüsselteil\n"
"der Übung ist es, diese richtig anzugeben."
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:120
#, fuzzy
msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:"
msgstr "Weitere interessante Teile der Übung:\n"
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:122
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes "
"don't borrow their arguments.\n"
"* Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be "
"addable via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3."
msgstr ""
"* Leiten Sie ein `Copy`-Merkmal für einige Strukturen ab, da die Methoden in "
"Tests ihre Argumente manchmal nicht ausleihen.\n"
"* Entdecken Sie, dass die Eigenschaft „Hinzufügen“ implementiert werden "
"muss, damit zwei Objekte über „+“ hinzugefügt werden können."
#: src/control-flow.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Control Flow"
msgstr "# Kontrollfluss"
#: src/control-flow.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to conditionally\n"
"evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value which then "
"becomes\n"
"the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow expressions work "
"similarly\n"
"in Rust."
msgstr ""
"Wie wir gesehen haben, ist `if` ein Ausdruck in Rust. Es ist bedingt "
"gewohnt\n"
"einen von zwei Blöcken auswerten, aber die Blöcke können einen Wert haben, "
"der dann wird\n"
"der Wert des `if`-Ausdrucks. Andere Ablaufsteuerungsausdrücke funktionieren "
"ähnlich\n"
"in Rost."
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Blocks"
msgstr "# Blöcke"
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A block in Rust has a value and a type: the value is the last expression of "
"the\n"
"block:"
msgstr ""
"Ein Block in Rust hat einen Wert und einen Typ: Der Wert ist der letzte "
"Ausdruck der\n"
"Block:"
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let x = {\n"
" let y = 10;\n"
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
" let z = {\n"
" let w = {\n"
" 3 + 4\n"
" };\n"
" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n"
" y * w\n"
" };\n"
" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n"
" z - y\n"
" };\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is the\n"
"return value:"
msgstr ""
"Die gleiche Regel gilt für Funktionen: Der Wert des Funktionskörpers ist "
"der\n"
"Rückgabewert:"
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:28
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n"
" x + x\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"doubled: {}\", double(7));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:38
msgid ""
"However if the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and "
"type is `()`."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in "
"Rust. \n"
"* You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line "
"in the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a "
"`return`.\n"
" "
msgstr ""
"* Der Zweck dieser Folie ist es zu zeigen, dass Blöcke in Rust einen Typ und "
"einen Wert haben.\n"
"* Sie können zeigen, wie sich der Wert des Blocks ändert, indem Sie die "
"letzte Zeile im Block ändern. Zum Beispiel das Hinzufügen/Entfernen eines "
"Semikolons oder die Verwendung eines `Return`.\n"
" \n"
"</Details>"
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `if` expressions"
msgstr "# `if`-Ausdrücke"
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:3
msgid ""
"You use [`if`\n"
"expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-expr.html#if-"
"expressions)\n"
"exactly like `if` statements in other languages:"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut x = 10;\n"
" if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
" x = x / 2;\n"
" } else {\n"
" x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each\n"
"block becomes the value of the `if` expression:"
msgstr ""
"Darüber hinaus können Sie es als Ausdruck verwenden. Das macht dasselbe wie "
"oben:"
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:22
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut x = 10;\n"
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
" x / 2\n"
" } else {\n"
" 3 * x + 1\n"
" };\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:35
msgid ""
"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its "
"branch blocks must have the same type. Consider showing what happens if you "
"add `;` after `x / 2` in the second example."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `if let` expressions"
msgstr "# `if let`-Ausdrücke"
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:3
msgid ""
"The [`if let`\n"
"expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-expr.html#if-"
"let-expressions)\n"
"lets you execute different code depending on whether a value matches a "
"pattern:"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let arg = std::env::args().next();\n"
" if let Some(value) = arg {\n"
" println!(\"Program name: {value}\");\n"
" } else {\n"
" println!(\"Missing name?\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:18
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:21
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) for more details on patterns "
"in\n"
"Rust."
msgstr ""
"Siehe [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) für weitere Details zu "
"Mustern in\n"
"Rost."
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:23
msgid ""
"* `if let` can be more concise than `match`, e.g., when only one case is "
"interesting. In contrast, `match` requires all branches to be covered.\n"
"* A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`.\n"
"* Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern "
"matching.\n"
"* Since 1.65, a similar [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/"
"flow_control/let_else.html) construct allows to do a destructuring "
"assignment, or if it fails, have a non-returning block branch (panic/return/"
"break/continue):\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,editable\n"
" fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"{:?}\", second_word_to_upper(\"foo bar\"));\n"
" }\n"
" \n"
" fn second_word_to_upper(s: &str) -> Option<String> {\n"
" let mut it = s.split(' ');\n"
" let (Some(_), Some(item)) = (it.next(), it.next()) else {\n"
" return None;\n"
" };\n"
" Some(item.to_uppercase())\n"
" }"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `while` loops"
msgstr "# `while`-Ausdrücke"
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:3
msgid ""
"The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-"
"expr.html#predicate-loops)\n"
"works very similar to other languages:"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut x = 10;\n"
" while x != 1 {\n"
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
" x / 2\n"
" } else {\n"
" 3 * x + 1\n"
" };\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `while let` loops"
msgstr "# `while let`-Ausdrücke"
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops)\n"
"variant which repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:"
msgstr ""
"Wie bei `if` gibt es eine `while let`-Variante, die einen Wert wiederholt "
"testet\n"
"gegen ein Muster:"
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
"\n"
" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here the iterator returned by `v.iter()` will return a `Option<i32>` on "
"every\n"
"call to `next()`. It returns `Some(x)` until it is done, after which it "
"will\n"
"return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through all items."
msgstr ""
"Hier gibt der von `v.iter()` zurückgegebene Iterator bei jedem eine "
"`Option<i32>` zurück\n"
"Aufruf von `next()`. Es gibt `Some(x)` zurück, bis es fertig ist, danach "
"wird es\n"
"gibt \"Keine\" zurück. Das `while let` lässt uns alle Elemente durchlaufen."
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value "
"matches the pattern.\n"
"* You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if "
"statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `iter.next()`. "
"The `while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario.\n"
" "
msgstr ""
"* Weisen Sie darauf hin, dass die „while let“-Schleife so lange läuft, wie "
"der Wert mit dem Muster übereinstimmt.\n"
"* Sie könnten die „while let“-Schleife als Endlosschleife mit einer if-"
"Anweisung umschreiben, die abbricht, wenn es keinen Wert zum Auspacken für "
"„iter.next()“ gibt. Das `while let` liefert syntaktischen Zucker für das "
"obige Szenario.\n"
" \n"
"</details>"
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `for` loops"
msgstr "## `for`-Schleifen"
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) is closely\n"
"related to the [`while let` loop](while-let-expression.md). It will\n"
"automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate over it:"
msgstr ""
"Der „for“-Ausdruck ist eng verwandt mit dem „while let“-Ausdruck. Es wird\n"
"Rufen Sie automatisch `into_iter()` für den Ausdruck auf und iterieren Sie "
"dann darüber:"
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
"\n"
" for x in v {\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
" }\n"
" \n"
" for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n"
" println!(\"i: {i}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual."
msgstr "Sie können hier wie gewohnt `break` und `continue` verwenden."
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case.\n"
"* `(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. \n"
"* `step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every "
"other element. \n"
"* Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change "
"vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`."
msgstr ""
"* Index-Iteration ist in Rust keine spezielle Syntax für genau diesen Fall.\n"
"* „(0..10)“ ist ein Bereich, der ein „Iterator“-Merkmal implementiert.\n"
"* „step_by“ ist eine Methode, die einen weiteren „Iterator“ zurückgibt, der "
"jedes andere Element überspringt.\n"
" \n"
"</details>"
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `loop` expressions"
msgstr "# `loop`-Ausdrücke"
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:3
msgid ""
"Finally, there is a [`loop` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/"
"expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops)\n"
"which creates an endless loop."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Here you must either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:"
msgstr ""
"Schließlich gibt es noch ein „loop“-Schlüsselwort, das eine Endlosschleife "
"erzeugt. Hier müssen Sie\n"
"entweder `break` oder `return`, um die Schleife zu stoppen:"
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut x = 10;\n"
" loop {\n"
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
" x / 2\n"
" } else {\n"
" 3 * x + 1\n"
" };\n"
" if x == 1 {\n"
" break;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:27
msgid ""
"* Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out.\n"
"* Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which returns a non-"
"trivial\n"
" value. This is because it's guaranteed to be entered at least once "
"(unlike\n"
" `while` and `for` loops)."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `match` expressions"
msgstr "# `Match`-Ausdrücke"
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/match-"
"expr.html)\n"
"is used to match a value against one or more patterns. In that sense, it "
"works\n"
"like a series of `if let` expressions:"
msgstr ""
"Das Schlüsselwort „match“ wird verwendet, um einen Wert mit einem oder "
"mehreren Mustern abzugleichen. In\n"
"In diesem Sinne funktioniert es wie eine Reihe von `if let`-Ausdrücken:"
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n"
" Some(\"cat\") => println!(\"Will do cat things\"),\n"
" Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Will ls some files\"),\n"
" Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Let's move some files\"),\n"
" Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, dangerous!\"),\n"
" None => println!(\"Hmm, no program name?\"),\n"
" _ => println!(\"Unknown program name!\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Like `if let`, each match arm must have the same type. The type is the last\n"
"expression of the block, if any. In the example above, the type is `()`."
msgstr ""
"Wie bei „if let“ muss jeder Match-Arm denselben Typ haben. Der Typ ist der "
"letzte\n"
"Ausdruck des Blocks, falls vorhanden. Im obigen Beispiel ist der Typ `()`."
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:28
msgid ""
"* Save the match expression to a variable and print it out.\n"
"* Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error.\n"
" * `std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option<String>`, but we cannot "
"match against `String`.\n"
" * `as_deref()` transforms an `Option<T>` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our "
"case, this turns `Option<String>` into `Option<&str>`.\n"
" * We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside "
"`Option`."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `break` and `continue`"
msgstr "# `break` und `continue`"
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:3
msgid ""
"- If you want to exit a loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions),\n"
"- If you want to immediately start\n"
"the next iteration use [`continue`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/"
"expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is "
"used\n"
"to break out of nested loops:"
msgstr ""
"Wenn Sie eine Schleife vorzeitig verlassen möchten, verwenden Sie `break`, "
"wenn Sie sofort beginnen möchten\n"
"Verwenden Sie für die nächste Iteration \"Continue\". Sowohl `Continue` als "
"auch `Break` können optional verwendet werden\n"
"Nehmen Sie ein Label-Argument, das zum Ausbrechen aus verschachtelten "
"Schleifen verwendet wird:"
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:10
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
" 'outer: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
" let mut i = 0;\n"
" while i < x {\n"
" println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n"
" i += 1;\n"
" if i == 3 {\n"
" break 'outer;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop."
msgstr ""
"In diesem Fall brechen wir die äußere Schleife nach 3 Iterationen der "
"inneren Schleife."
#: src/std.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Standard Library"
msgstr "# Standardbibliothek"
#: src/std.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common "
"types\n"
"used by Rust library and programs. This way, two libraries can work "
"together\n"
"smoothly because they both use the same `String` type."
msgstr ""
"Rust wird mit einer Standardbibliothek geliefert, die dabei hilft, eine "
"Reihe gängiger Typen zu erstellen\n"
"Wird von Rust-Bibliotheken und -Programmen verwendet. Auf diese Weise können "
"zwei Bibliotheken zusammenarbeiten\n"
"reibungslos, da beide den gleichen `String`-Typ verwenden."
#: src/std.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "The common vocabulary types include:"
msgstr "Zu den gängigen Wortschatztypen gehören:"
#: src/std.md:9
msgid ""
"* [`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional "
"values\n"
" and [error handling](error-handling.md).\n"
"\n"
"* [`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data.\n"
"\n"
"* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector.\n"
"\n"
"* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing\n"
" algorithm.\n"
"\n"
"* [`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data.\n"
"\n"
"* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated "
"data."
msgstr ""
#: src/std.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
" * In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, "
"`alloc` and `std`. \n"
" * `core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on "
"`libc`, allocator or\n"
" even the presence of an operating system. \n"
" * `alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as "
"`Vec`, `Box` and `Arc`.\n"
" * Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`."
msgstr ""
" * Tatsächlich enthält Rust mehrere Schichten der Standardbibliothek: "
"`core`, `alloc` und `std`.\n"
" * `core` enthält die grundlegendsten Typen und Funktionen, die nicht von "
"`libc`, allocator oder abhängen\n"
" sogar das Vorhandensein eines Betriebssystems.\n"
" * „alloc“ umfasst Typen, die einen globalen Heap-Zuordner erfordern, wie "
"etwa „Vec“, „Box“ und „Arc“.\n"
" * Eingebettete Rust-Anwendungen verwenden oft nur `core` und manchmal "
"`alloc`."
#: src/std/option-result.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Option` and `Result`"
msgstr "# `Option` und `Ergebnis`"
#: src/std/option-result.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The types represent optional data:"
msgstr "Die Typen stellen optionale Daten dar:"
#: src/std/option-result.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
" let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n"
" println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n"
"\n"
" let idx: Result<usize, usize> = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n"
" println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/option-result.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Option` and `Result` are widely used not just in the standard library.\n"
"* `Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`.\n"
"* `Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see "
"on Day 3.\n"
"* `binary_search` returns `Result<usize, usize>`.\n"
" * If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found.\n"
" * Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should "
"be inserted."
msgstr ""
"* „Option“ und „Ergebnis“ werden nicht nur in der Standardbibliothek häufig "
"verwendet.\n"
"* `Option<&T>` hat im Vergleich zu `&T` keinen Speicherplatz-Overhead.\n"
"* „Ergebnis“ ist der Standardtyp zur Implementierung der Fehlerbehandlung, "
"wie wir an Tag 3 sehen werden.\n"
"* `binary_search` gibt `Result<usize, usesize>` zurück.\n"
" * Falls gefunden, enthält `Result::Ok` den Index, wo das Element gefunden "
"wurde.\n"
" * Andernfalls enthält `Result::Err` den Index, wo ein solches Element "
"eingefügt werden soll."
#: src/std/string.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# String"
msgstr "# Zeichenfolge"
#: src/std/string.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`String`][1] is the standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:"
msgstr ""
"[`String`][1] ist der Standard-Heap-zugewiesene erweiterbare UTF-8-String-"
"Puffer:"
#: src/std/string.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut s1 = String::new();\n"
" s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n"
" println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n"
"\n"
" let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n"
" s2.push_str(&s1);\n"
" s2.push('!');\n"
" println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n"
"\n"
" let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n"
" println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n"
" s3.chars().count());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/string.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`String` implements [`Deref<Target = str>`][2], which means that you can "
"call all\n"
"`str` methods on a `String`."
msgstr ""
"`String` implementiert [`Deref<Target = str>`][2], was bedeutet, dass Sie "
"alle aufrufen können\n"
"`str`-Methoden auf einem `String`."
#: src/std/string.md:30
msgid ""
"* `String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when "
"you know how much data you want to push to the string.\n"
"* `String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be "
"different from its length in characters).\n"
"* `String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that "
"a `char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" "
"due to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/"
"unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html).\n"
"* When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or "
"`String`. \n"
"* When a type implements `Deref<Target = T>`, the compiler will let you "
"transparently call methods from `T`.\n"
" * `String` implements `Deref<Target = str>` which transparently gives it "
"access to `str`'s methods.\n"
" * Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1`;.\n"
"* `String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the "
"operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but "
"with some extra guarantees.\n"
"* Compare the different ways to index a `String`:\n"
" * To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-"
"bound, out-of-bounds.\n"
" * To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character "
"boundaries or not."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/vec.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Vec`"
msgstr "# `Vec`"
#: src/std/vec.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`Vec`][1] is the standard resizable heap-allocated buffer:"
msgstr "[`Vec`][1] ist der Standardpuffer mit anpassbarer Heapzuweisung:"
#: src/std/vec.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n"
" v1.push(42);\n"
" println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());\n"
"\n"
" let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n"
" v2.extend(v1.iter());\n"
" v2.push(9999);\n"
" println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n"
"\n"
" // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n"
" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n"
"\n"
" // Retain only the even elements.\n"
" v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n"
" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
"\n"
" // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n"
" v3.dedup();\n"
" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/vec.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Vec` implements [`Deref<Target = [T]>`][2], which means that you can call "
"slice\n"
"methods on a `Vec`."
msgstr ""
"`Vec` implementiert [`Deref<Target = [T]>`][2], was bedeutet, dass Sie Slice "
"aufrufen können\n"
"Methoden auf einem `Vec`."
#: src/std/vec.md:37
msgid ""
"* `Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data "
"it contains is stored\n"
" on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't need to be known at "
"compile time. It can grow\n"
" or shrink at runtime.\n"
"* Notice how `Vec<T>` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify "
"`T` explicitly. As always\n"
" with Rust type inference, the `T` was established during the first `push` "
"call.\n"
"* `vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it "
"supports adding initial\n"
" elements to the vector.\n"
"* To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. "
"Alternatively, using\n"
" `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will remove the last "
"element.\n"
"* Show iterating over a vector and mutating the value:\n"
" `for e in &mut v { *e += 50; }`"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/hashmap.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `HashMap`"
msgstr "# `HashMap`"
#: src/std/hashmap.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:"
msgstr "Standard-Hash-Map mit Schutz vor HashDoS-Angriffen:"
#: src/std/hashmap.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n"
" page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), "
"207);\n"
" page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n"
" page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n"
"\n"
" if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n"
" println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n"
" page_counts.len());\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in "
"Wonderland\"] {\n"
" match page_counts.get(book) {\n"
" Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n"
" None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n"
" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in "
"Wonderland\"] {\n"
" let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string())."
"or_insert(0);\n"
" *page_count += 1;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/hashmap.md:38
msgid ""
"* `HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into "
"scope.\n"
"* Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in "
"the hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will "
"insert the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found.\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,ignore\n"
" let pc1 = page_counts\n"
" .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n"
" .unwrap_or(&336);\n"
" let pc2 = page_counts\n"
" .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n"
" .or_insert(374);\n"
" ```\n"
"* Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro.\n"
" * Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`][1], "
"which allows us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,ignore\n"
" let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n"
" (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n"
" (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n"
" ]);\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
" * Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-"
"value tuples.\n"
"* We are showing `HashMap<String, i32>`, and avoid using `&str` as key to "
"make examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be "
"done,\n"
" but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker.\n"
" * Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still "
"compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Box`"
msgstr "# `Kasten`"
#: src/std/box.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`Box`][1] is an owned pointer to data on the heap:"
msgstr "[`Box`][1] ist ein eigener Zeiger auf Daten auf dem Heap:"
#: src/std/box.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let five = Box::new(5);\n"
" println!(\"five: {}\", *five);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box.md:13
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": five : : :\n"
": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n"
": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
": : : :\n"
": : : :\n"
"`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Box<T>` implements `Deref<Target = T>`, which means that you can [call "
"methods\n"
"from `T` directly on a `Box<T>`][2]."
msgstr ""
"`Box<T>` implementiert `Deref<Target = T>`, was bedeutet, dass Sie [Methoden "
"aufrufen können\n"
"von `T` direkt auf eine `Box<T>`][2]."
#: src/std/box.md:34
msgid ""
"* `Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be "
"not null. \n"
"* In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` "
"statement thanks to `Deref`. \n"
"* A `Box` can be useful when you:\n"
" * have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the "
"Rust compiler wants to know an exact size.\n"
" * want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying "
"large amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a "
"`Box` so only the pointer is moved."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Box with Recursive Data Structures"
msgstr "# Box mit rekursiven Datenstrukturen"
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:"
msgstr ""
"Rekursive Datentypen oder Datentypen mit dynamischer Größe müssen eine `Box` "
"verwenden:"
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:5 src/std/box-niche.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"enum List<T> {\n"
" Cons(T, Box<List<T>>),\n"
" Nil,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let list: List<i32> = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::"
"new(List::Nil))));\n"
" println!(\"{list:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:18
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"- -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": "
"list : : :\n"
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----"
"+ :\n"
": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // "
"| :\n"
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----"
"+ :\n"
": : : :\n"
": : : :\n"
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"- -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:33
msgid ""
"* If the `Box` was not used here and we attempted to embed a `List` directly "
"into the `List`,\n"
"the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory, it "
"would look infinite.\n"
"\n"
"* `Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and "
"just points at the next\n"
"element of the `List` in the heap.\n"
"\n"
"* Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. "
"\"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or "
"reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly. \n"
" "
msgstr ""
#: src/std/box-niche.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Niche Optimization"
msgstr "# Nischenoptimierung"
#: src/std/box-niche.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. "
"This\n"
"allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:"
msgstr ""
"Eine „Box“ kann nicht leer sein, daher ist der Zeiger immer gültig und nicht "
"„null“. Das\n"
"ermöglicht dem Compiler, das Speicherlayout zu optimieren:"
#: src/std/box-niche.md:19
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"-.\n"
": : : :\n"
": "
"list : : :\n"
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------"
"+ :\n"
": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null "
"| :\n"
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------"
"+ :\n"
": : : :\n"
": : : :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"-'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/rc.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Rc`"
msgstr "# `Rc`"
#: src/std/rc.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Rc`][1] is a reference-counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to "
"refer\n"
"to the same data from multiple places:"
msgstr ""
"[`Rc`][1] ist ein referenzgezählter gemeinsamer Zeiger. Verwenden Sie dies, "
"wenn Sie verweisen müssen\n"
"auf dieselben Daten von mehreren Orten:"
#: src/std/rc.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::rc::Rc;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n"
" let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/std/rc.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* If you need to mutate the data inside an `Rc`, you will need to wrap the "
"data in\n"
" a type such as [`Cell` or `RefCell`][2].\n"
"* See [`Arc`][3] if you are in a multi-threaded context.\n"
"* You can *downgrade* a shared pointer into a [`Weak`][4] pointer to create "
"cycles\n"
" that will get dropped."
msgstr ""
"Wenn Sie die Daten innerhalb eines „Rc“ mutieren müssen, müssen Sie die "
"Daten einschließen\n"
"ein Typ wie [`Cell` oder `RefCell`][2]. Siehe [`Arc`][3], wenn Sie sich in "
"einem Multithreading befinden\n"
"Kontext."
#: src/std/rc.md:31
msgid ""
"* `Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as "
"there are references.\n"
"* Like C++'s `std::shared_ptr`.\n"
"* `Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and "
"increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally "
"be ignored when looking for performance issues in code.\n"
"* `make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-"
"write\") and returns a mutable reference.\n"
"* Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count.\n"
"* Compare the different datatypes mentioned. `Box` enables (im)mutable "
"borrows that are enforced at compile time. `RefCell` enables (im)mutable "
"borrows that are enforced at run time and will panic if it fails at "
"runtime.\n"
"* `Rc::downgrade` gives you a *weakly reference-counted* object to\n"
" create cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with\n"
" `RefCell`)."
msgstr ""
#: src/std/rc.md:41
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n"
"use std::cell::RefCell;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Node {\n"
" value: i64,\n"
" parent: Option<Weak<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
" children: Vec<Rc<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut root = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n"
" value: 42,\n"
" parent: None,\n"
" children: vec![],\n"
" }));\n"
" let child = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n"
" value: 43,\n"
" children: vec![],\n"
" parent: Some(Rc::downgrade(&root))\n"
" }));\n"
" root.borrow_mut().children.push(child);\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Modules"
msgstr "# Module"
#: src/modules.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type."
msgstr ""
"Wir haben gesehen, wie `impl`-Blöcke Namensraumfunktionen zu einem Typ "
"machen."
#: src/modules.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:"
msgstr "In ähnlicher Weise lässt uns `mod` Namespace-Typen und -Funktionen zu:"
#: src/modules.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"mod foo {\n"
" pub fn do_something() {\n"
" println!(\"In the foo module\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"mod bar {\n"
" pub fn do_something() {\n"
" println!(\"In the bar module\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" foo::do_something();\n"
" bar::do_something();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules.md:28
msgid ""
"* Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that "
"describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates.\n"
"* Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable "
"and a library crate compiles to a library.\n"
"* Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Visibility"
msgstr "# Sichtbarkeit"
#: src/modules/visibility.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:"
msgstr "Module sind eine Datenschutzgrenze:"
#: src/modules/visibility.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Module items are private by default (hides implementation details).\n"
"* Parent and sibling items are always visible.\n"
"* In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all "
"the\n"
" descendants of `foo`."
msgstr ""
"* Modulelemente sind standardmäßig privat (versteckt "
"Implementierungsdetails).\n"
"* Übergeordnete und gleichgeordnete Elemente sind immer sichtbar."
#: src/modules/visibility.md:10
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"mod outer {\n"
" fn private() {\n"
" println!(\"outer::private\");\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn public() {\n"
" println!(\"outer::public\");\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" mod inner {\n"
" fn private() {\n"
" println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn public() {\n"
" println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n"
" super::private();\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" outer::public();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:39
msgid "* Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:41
msgid ""
"Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope "
"of public visibility."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:43
msgid ""
"* See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-"
"and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself).\n"
"* Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern.\n"
"* Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path.\n"
"* In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of "
"its descendants)."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/paths.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Paths"
msgstr "# Pfade"
#: src/modules/paths.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:"
msgstr "Pfade werden wie folgt aufgelöst:"
#: src/modules/paths.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"1. As a relative path:\n"
" * `foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,\n"
" * `super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module.\n"
"\n"
"2. As an absolute path:\n"
" * `crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate,\n"
" * `bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate."
msgstr ""
"2. Als absoluter Pfad:\n"
" * `crate::foo` bezieht sich auf `foo` im Stammverzeichnis der aktuellen "
"Kiste,\n"
" * `bar::foo` bezieht sich auf `foo` in der `bar`-Crate."
#: src/modules/paths.md:13
msgid ""
"A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`.\n"
"You will typically see something like this at the top of each module:"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/paths.md:16
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::collections::HashSet;\n"
"use std::mem::transmute;\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Filesystem Hierarchy"
msgstr "# Dateisystemhierarchie"
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The module content can be omitted:"
msgstr "Der Modulinhalt kann weggelassen werden:"
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"mod garden;\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `garden` module content is found at:"
msgstr "Die Inhalte des Moduls „Garten“ finden Sie unter:"
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `src/garden.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)\n"
"* `src/garden/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)"
msgstr ""
"* `src/garden.rs` (moderner Rust 2018-Stil)\n"
"* `src/garden/mod.rs` (älterer Rust 2015-Stil)"
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at:"
msgstr ""
"In ähnlicher Weise kann ein `garden::vegetables`-Modul gefunden werden unter:"
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `src/garden/vegetables.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)\n"
"* `src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)"
msgstr ""
"* `src/garden/vegetables.rs` (moderner Rust 2018-Stil)\n"
"* `src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (älterer Rust 2015 Stil)"
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `crate` root is in:"
msgstr "Die „Kiste“-Wurzel befindet sich in:"
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)\n"
"* `src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)"
msgstr ""
"* `src/lib.rs` (für eine Bibliothekskiste)\n"
"* `src/main.rs` (für eine Binärkiste)"
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:24
msgid ""
"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc "
"comments\".\n"
"These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a module."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:27
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant "
"germination\n"
"//! implementation.\n"
"\n"
"// Re-export types from this module.\n"
"pub use seeds::SeedPacket;\n"
"pub use garden::Garden;\n"
"\n"
"/// Sow the given seed packets.\n"
"pub fn sow(seeds: Vec<SeedPacket>) { todo!() }\n"
"\n"
"/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n"
"pub fn harvest(garden: &mut Garden) { todo!() }\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:44
msgid ""
"* The change from `module/mod.rs` to `module.rs` doesn't preclude the use of "
"submodules in Rust 2018.\n"
" (It was mandatory in Rust 2015.)\n"
"\n"
" The following is valid:\n"
"\n"
" ```ignore\n"
" src/\n"
" ├── main.rs\n"
" ├── top_module.rs\n"
" └── top_module/\n"
" └── sub_module.rs\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"* The main reason for the change is to prevent many files named `mod.rs`, "
"which can be hard\n"
" to distinguish in IDEs.\n"
"\n"
"* Rust will look for modules in `modulename/mod.rs` and `modulename.rs`, but "
"this can be changed\n"
" with a compiler directive:\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,ignore\n"
" #[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n"
" mod some_module { }\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
" This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module "
"in a file named\n"
" `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 2: Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "# Tag 2: Nachmittagsübungen"
#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators."
msgstr ""
"Die Übungen für diesen Nachmittag konzentrieren sich auf Strings und "
"Iteratoren."
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Luhn Algorithm"
msgstr "# Luhn-Algorithmus"
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used "
"to\n"
"validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and does "
"the\n"
"following to validate the credit card number:"
msgstr ""
"Dazu dient der [Luhn-Algorithmus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Luhn_algorithm).\n"
"Kreditkartennummern validieren. Der Algorithmus nimmt eine Zeichenfolge als "
"Eingabe und führt die aus\n"
"Folgendes, um die Kreditkartennummer zu validieren:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:7
msgid ""
"* Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits.\n"
"\n"
"* Moving from right to left, double every second digit: for the number "
"`1234`,\n"
" we double `3` and `1`.\n"
"\n"
"* After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` "
"which\n"
" becomes `5`.\n"
"\n"
"* Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits.\n"
"\n"
"* The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the\n"
"function:"
msgstr ""
"Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und "
"implementieren Sie die\n"
"Funktion:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:23
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
"fn main() {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Strings and Iterators"
msgstr "# Strings und Iteratoren"
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web server. "
"The\n"
"server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which are matched "
"against\n"
"_request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a wildcard character which\n"
"matches a full segment. See the unit tests below."
msgstr ""
"In dieser Übung implementieren Sie eine Routing-Komponente eines Webservers. "
"Der\n"
"Der Server ist mit einer Reihe von _Pfadpräfixen_ konfiguriert, die "
"abgeglichen werden\n"
"_Anfragepfade_. Die Pfadpräfixe können ein Platzhalterzeichen enthalten, "
"das\n"
"entspricht einem vollständigen Segment. Siehe die Unit-Tests unten."
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and make the tests\n"
"pass. Try avoiding allocating a `Vec` for your intermediate results:"
msgstr ""
"Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und "
"führen Sie die Tests durch\n"
"passieren. Versuchen Sie, Ihren Zwischenergebnissen kein „Vec“ zuzuweisen:"
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:12
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/"
"abc-123\"));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/"
"books\"));\n"
"\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/"
"publishers\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
" ));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
" ));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
" ));\n"
"\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/"
"publishers\"));\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
" ));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Welcome to Day 3"
msgstr "# Willkommen zu Tag 3"
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Today, we will cover some more advanced topics of Rust:"
msgstr "Heute werden wir einige fortgeschrittenere Themen von Rust behandeln:"
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:5
msgid ""
"* Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library\n"
" traits.\n"
"\n"
"* Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and "
"trait\n"
" objects.\n"
"\n"
"* Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`.\n"
"\n"
"* Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests.\n"
"\n"
"* Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern\n"
" functions."
msgstr ""
#: src/generics.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Generics"
msgstr "# Generika"
#: src/generics.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust support generics, which lets you abstract an algorithm (such as "
"sorting)\n"
"over the types used in the algorithm."
msgstr ""
"Rust unterstützt Generika, mit denen Sie einen Algorithmus abstrahieren "
"können (z. B. Sortieren)\n"
"über die im Algorithmus verwendeten Typen."
#: src/generics/data-types.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Generic Data Types"
msgstr "# Generische Datentypen"
#: src/generics/data-types.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:"
msgstr "Mit Generika können Sie über den konkreten Feldtyp abstrahieren:"
#: src/generics/data-types.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Point<T> {\n"
" x: T,\n"
" y: T,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n"
" let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n"
" println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/data-types.md:21
msgid ""
"* Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`.\n"
"\n"
"* Fix the code to allow points that have elements of different types."
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/methods.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Generic Methods"
msgstr "# Generische Methoden"
#: src/generics/methods.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:"
msgstr "Sie können einen generischen Typ in Ihrem `impl`-Block deklarieren:"
#: src/generics/methods.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Point<T>(T, T);\n"
"\n"
"impl<T> Point<T> {\n"
" fn x(&self) -> &T {\n"
" &self.0 // + 10\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p = Point(5, 10);\n"
" println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/methods.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* *Q:* Why `T` is specified twice in `impl<T> Point<T> {}`? Isn't that "
"redundant?\n"
" * This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic "
"type. They are independently generic.\n"
" * It means these methods are defined for any `T`.\n"
" * It is possible to write `impl Point<u32> { .. }`. \n"
" * `Point` is still generic and you can use `Point<f64>`, but methods "
"in this block will only be available for `Point<u32>`."
msgstr ""
"* *F:* Warum wird `T` zweimal in `impl<T> Point<T> {}` angegeben? Ist das "
"nicht überflüssig?\n"
" * Dies liegt daran, dass es sich um einen generischen "
"Implementierungsabschnitt für einen generischen Typ handelt. Sie sind "
"unabhängig generisch.\n"
" * Dies bedeutet, dass diese Methoden für jedes `T` definiert sind.\n"
" * Es ist möglich `impl Point<u32> { .. }` zu schreiben.\n"
" * „Point“ ist immer noch generisch und Sie können „Point<f64>“ "
"verwenden, aber Methoden in diesem Block sind nur für „Point<u32>“ verfügbar."
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Monomorphization"
msgstr "# Monomorphisierung"
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:"
msgstr ""
"Basierend auf den Aufrufseiten wird generischer Code in nicht generischen "
"Code umgewandelt:"
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let integer = Some(5);\n"
" let float = Some(5.0);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "behaves as if you wrote"
msgstr "verhält sich so, als hättest du geschrieben"
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:14
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"enum Option_i32 {\n"
" Some(i32),\n"
" None,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"enum Option_f64 {\n"
" Some(f64),\n"
" None,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let integer = Option_i32::Some(5);\n"
" let float = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you "
"had\n"
"hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction."
msgstr ""
"Dies ist eine Null-Kosten-Abstraktion: Sie erhalten genau das gleiche "
"Ergebnis, als ob Sie es hätten\n"
"die Datenstrukturen ohne die Abstraktion von Hand codiert."
#: src/traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Traits"
msgstr "# Züge"
#: src/traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:"
msgstr ""
"Mit Rust können Sie über Typen mit Merkmalen abstrahieren. Sie ähneln "
"Schnittstellen:"
#: src/traits.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"trait Pet {\n"
" fn name(&self) -> String;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Dog {\n"
" name: String,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Cat;\n"
"\n"
"impl Pet for Dog {\n"
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
" self.name.clone()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Pet for Cat {\n"
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it "
"anyway.\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn greet<P: Pet>(pet: &P) {\n"
" println!(\"Who's a cutie? {} is!\", pet.name());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let fido = Dog { name: \"Fido\".into() };\n"
" greet(&fido);\n"
"\n"
" let captain_floof = Cat;\n"
" greet(&captain_floof);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Trait Objects"
msgstr "# Eigenschaftsobjekte"
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:3
msgid ""
"Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a "
"collection:"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"trait Pet {\n"
" fn name(&self) -> String;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Dog {\n"
" name: String,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Cat;\n"
"\n"
"impl Pet for Dog {\n"
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
" self.name.clone()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Pet for Cat {\n"
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it "
"anyway.\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let pets: Vec<Box<dyn Pet>> = vec![\n"
" Box::new(Cat),\n"
" Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n"
" ];\n"
" for pet in pets {\n"
" println!(\"Hello {}!\", pet.name());\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:"
msgstr "Speicherlayout nach Zuweisung von `xs`:"
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:42
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"- -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": "
"pets : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----"
"+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o "
"| :\n"
": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-"
"+ :\n"
": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | +---------------"
"+ :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| name: \"Fido\" "
"| :\n"
": : : | | | +---------------"
"+ :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | "
"| :\n"
" : | | | +----------------------"
"+ : \n"
" : | | '---->| \"<Dog as Pet>::name\" "
"| :\n"
" : | | +----------------------"
"+ : \n"
" : | "
"| : \n"
" : | | +-"
"+ : \n"
" : | '-->|"
"\\| : \n"
" : | +-"
"+ : \n"
" : "
"| : \n"
" : | +----------------------"
"+ : \n"
" : '---->| \"<Cat as Pet>::name\" "
"| : \n"
" : +----------------------"
"+ :\n"
" : :\n"
" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"- -'\n"
"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:72
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes "
"it impossible to have things like `Vec<Pet>` in the example above.\n"
"* `dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type "
"that implements `Pet`.\n"
"* In the example, `pets` holds *fat pointers* to objects that implement "
"`Pet`. The fat pointer consists of two components, a pointer to the actual "
"object and a pointer to the virtual method table for the `Pet` "
"implementation of that particular object.\n"
"* Compare these outputs in the above example:\n"
" ```rust,ignore\n"
" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::"
"<Cat>());\n"
" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::"
"<&Cat>());\n"
" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n"
" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Pet>>());\n"
" ```"
msgstr ""
"* Merkmale können vorimplementierte (Standard-)Methoden und Methoden "
"spezifizieren, die Benutzer selbst implementieren müssen. Methoden mit "
"Standardimplementierungen können sich auf erforderliche Methoden stützen.\n"
"* Typen, die ein bestimmtes Merkmal implementieren, können unterschiedlich "
"groß sein. Das macht es unmöglich Dinge wie `Vec<Greet>` im obigen Beispiel "
"zu haben.\n"
"* „dyn Greet“ ist eine Möglichkeit, dem Compiler einen Typ mit dynamischer "
"Größe mitzuteilen, der „Greet“ implementiert.\n"
"* Im Beispiel enthält `pets` Fat Pointer auf Objekte, die `Greet` "
"implementieren. Der Fat Pointer besteht aus zwei Komponenten, einem Zeiger "
"auf das tatsächliche Objekt und einem Zeiger auf die virtuelle "
"Methodentabelle für die \"Greet\"-Implementierung dieses bestimmten Objekts."
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Deriving Traits"
msgstr "# Ableitung von Merkmalen"
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits:"
msgstr "Sie können den Compiler eine Reihe von Merkmalen ableiten lassen:"
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n"
"struct Player {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" strength: u8,\n"
" hit_points: u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p1 = Player::default();\n"
" let p2 = p1.clone();\n"
" println!(\"Is {:?}\\nequal to {:?}?\\nThe answer is {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n"
" if p1 == p2 { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" });\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Default Methods"
msgstr "# Standardmethoden"
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:"
msgstr ""
"Traits können Verhalten im Sinne anderer Trait-Methoden implementieren:"
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"trait Equals {\n"
" fn equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
" fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
" !self.equal(other)\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Centimeter(i16);\n"
"\n"
"impl Equals for Centimeter {\n"
" fn equal(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n"
" self.0 == other.0\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let a = Centimeter(10);\n"
" let b = Centimeter(20);\n"
" println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equal(&b));\n"
" println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equal(&b));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:32
msgid ""
"* Traits may specify pre-implemented (default) methods and methods that "
"users are required to\n"
" implement themselves. Methods with default implementations can rely on "
"required methods.\n"
"\n"
"* Move method `not_equal` to a new trait `NotEqual`.\n"
"\n"
"* Make `NotEqual` a super trait for `Equal`.\n"
" ```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
" trait NotEqual: Equals {\n"
" fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
" !self.equal(other)\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"* Provide a blanket implementation of `NotEqual` for `Equal`.\n"
" ```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
" trait NotEqual {\n"
" fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" impl<T> NotEqual for T where T: Equals {\n"
" fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
" !self.equal(other)\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
" * With the blanket implementation, you no longer need `NotEqual` as a "
"super trait for `Equal`.\n"
" "
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Trait Bounds"
msgstr "# Eigenschaftsgrenzen"
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to "
"implement\n"
"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods."
msgstr ""
"Wenn Sie mit Generika arbeiten, möchten Sie häufig die Typen einschränken. "
"Du kannst das\n"
"mit `T:Trait` oder `impl Trait`:"
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:6
msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn duplicate<T: Clone>(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n"
" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Syntactic sugar for:\n"
"// fn add_42_millions<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
"fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into<i32>) -> i32 {\n"
" x.into() + 42_000_000\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// struct NotClonable;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n"
" let pair = duplicate(foo);\n"
" println!(\"{pair:?}\");\n"
"\n"
" let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n"
" println!(\"{many}\");\n"
" let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n"
" println!(\"{many_more}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:35
msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:37
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"fn duplicate<T>(a: T) -> (T, T)\n"
"where\n"
" T: Clone,\n"
"{\n"
" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters.\n"
"* It has additional features making it more powerful.\n"
" * If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":"
"\" can be arbitrary, like `Option<T>`.\n"
" "
msgstr ""
"* Es entrümpelt die Funktionssignatur, wenn Sie viele Parameter haben.\n"
"* Es hat zusätzliche Funktionen, die es leistungsfähiger machen.\n"
" * Wenn jemand fragt, das zusätzliche Feature ist, dass der Typ links von "
"\":\" beliebig sein kann, wie `Option<T>`.\n"
" \n"
"</Details>"
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `impl Trait`"
msgstr "# `imple Merkmal`"
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function\n"
"arguments and return values:"
msgstr ""
"Ähnlich wie Merkmalsgrenzen kann eine \"impl Trait\"-Syntax in Funktion "
"verwendet werden\n"
"Argumente und Rückgabewerte:"
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::fmt::Display;\n"
"\n"
"fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
" format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n"
" println!(\"{x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "* `impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name."
msgstr ""
"* `impl Trait` kann nicht mit der `::<>` Turbofish-Syntax verwendet werden.\n"
"* `impl Trait` ermöglicht es Ihnen, mit Typen zu arbeiten, die Sie nicht "
"benennen können."
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions."
msgstr ""
"Die Bedeutung von „impl Trait“ ist in den verschiedenen Positionen etwas "
"unterschiedlich."
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with "
"a trait bound.\n"
"\n"
"* For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type "
"that implements the trait,\n"
" without naming the type. This can be useful when you don't want to expose "
"the concrete type in a\n"
" public API.\n"
"\n"
" Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` "
"picks\n"
" the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A "
"function\n"
" returning a generic type like `collect<B>() -> B` can return any type\n"
" satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with `let "
"x:\n"
" Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::<Vec<_>>()`."
msgstr ""
"* Für einen Parameter ist `impl Trait` wie ein anonymer generischer "
"Parameter mit einer Eigenschaftsbindung.\n"
"* Für einen Rückgabetyp bedeutet dies, dass der Rückgabetyp ein konkreter "
"Typ ist, der die Eigenschaft implementiert,\n"
" ohne den Typ zu nennen. Dies kann nützlich sein, wenn Sie den konkreten "
"Typ in a nicht verfügbar machen möchten\n"
" öffentliche API."
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to "
"explain that\n"
"nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` type. If we used "
"a single \n"
"`T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint that input `T` and return `T` "
"type are the same type.\n"
"It would not work for this particular function, as the type we expect as "
"input is likely not\n"
"what `format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` syntax, "
"we'd need two\n"
"independent generic parameters."
msgstr ""
"Dieses Beispiel ist großartig, weil es `impl Display` zweimal verwendet. Es "
"hilft, das zu erklären\n"
"nichts hier erzwingt, dass es _derselbe_ `impl Display`-Typ ist. Wenn wir "
"eine Single benutzten\n"
"`T: Display`, es würde die Einschränkung erzwingen, dass der Eingabe-`T`- "
"und der Rückgabe-`T-Typ derselbe Typ sind.\n"
"Es würde für diese spezielle Funktion nicht funktionieren, da der Typ, den "
"wir als Eingabe erwarten, wahrscheinlich nicht der Fall ist\n"
"welches `format!` zurückgibt. Wenn wir dasselbe über die `: Display`-Syntax "
"machen wollten, bräuchten wir zwei\n"
"unabhängige generische Parameter.\n"
" \n"
"</details>"
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Important Traits"
msgstr "# Wichtige Eigenschaften"
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard "
"library:"
msgstr ""
"Wir werden uns nun einige der häufigsten Merkmale der Rust-"
"Standardbibliothek ansehen:"
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [`Iterator`][1] and [`IntoIterator`][2] used in `for` loops,\n"
"* [`From`][3] and [`Into`][4] used to convert values,\n"
"* [`Read`][5] and [`Write`][6] used for IO,\n"
"* [`Add`][7], [`Mul`][8], ... used for operator overloading, and\n"
"* [`Drop`][9] used for defining destructors.\n"
"* [`Default`][10] used to construct a default instance of a type."
msgstr ""
"* `Iterator` und `IntoIterator` werden in `for`-Schleifen verwendet,\n"
"* `From` und `Into` werden verwendet, um Werte zu konvertieren,\n"
"* `Lesen` und `Schreiben` für IO verwendet,\n"
"* `Add`, `Mul`, ... wird zum Überladen von Operatoren verwendet, und\n"
"* `Drop` wird zum Definieren von Destruktoren verwendet."
#: src/traits/iterator.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Iterators"
msgstr "# Iteratoren"
#: src/traits/iterator.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can implement the [`Iterator`][1] trait on your own types:"
msgstr ""
"Sie können das `Iterator`-Merkmal für Ihre eigenen Typen implementieren:"
#: src/traits/iterator.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Fibonacci {\n"
" curr: u32,\n"
" next: u32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Iterator for Fibonacci {\n"
" type Item = u32;\n"
"\n"
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {\n"
" let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n"
" self.curr = self.next;\n"
" self.next = new_next;\n"
" Some(self.curr)\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n"
" for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n"
" println!(\"fib({i}): {n}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/iterator.md:32
msgid ""
"* The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming "
"operations over collections \n"
" (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is the trait where you can "
"find all the documentation\n"
" about them. In Rust these functions should produce the code as efficient "
"as equivalent imperative\n"
" implementations.\n"
" \n"
"* `IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented "
"by collection types such as\n"
" `Vec<T>` and references to them such as `&Vec<T>` and `&[T]`. Ranges also "
"implement it. This is why\n"
" you can iterate over a vector with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but\n"
" `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# FromIterator"
msgstr "# FromIterator"
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`FromIterator`][1] lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`][2]."
msgstr ""
"Mit „FromIterator“ können Sie eine Sammlung aus einem „Iterator“ erstellen."
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let primes = vec![2, 3, 5, 7];\n"
" let prime_squares = primes\n"
" .into_iter()\n"
" .map(|prime| prime * prime)\n"
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Iterator` implements\n"
"`fn collect<B>(self) -> B\n"
"where\n"
" B: FromIterator<Self::Item>,\n"
" Self: Sized`"
msgstr ""
"`Iterator`-Implementierungen\n"
"`fn collect<B>(selbst) -> B\n"
"Wo\n"
" B: FromIterator<Self::Item>,\n"
" Selbst: Sized'"
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are also implementations which let you do cool things like convert an\n"
"`Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` into a `Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
msgstr ""
"Es gibt auch Implementierungen, mit denen Sie coole Dinge tun können, wie z\n"
"`Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` in ein `Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
#: src/traits/from-into.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `From` and `Into`"
msgstr "# `Von` und `Nach`"
#: src/traits/from-into.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Types implement [`From`][1] and [`Into`][2] to facilitate type conversions:"
msgstr ""
"Typen implementieren „From“ und „Into“, um Typkonvertierungen zu erleichtern:"
#: src/traits/from-into.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s = String::from(\"hello\");\n"
" let addr = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n"
" let one = i16::from(true);\n"
" let bigger = i32::from(123i16);\n"
" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/from-into.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Into`][2] is automatically implemented when [`From`][1] is implemented:"
msgstr "„Into“ wird automatisch implementiert, wenn „From“ implementiert wird:"
#: src/traits/from-into.md:17
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s: String = \"hello\".into();\n"
" let addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n"
" let one: i16 = true.into();\n"
" let bigger: i32 = 123i16.into();\n"
" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/from-into.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get "
"`Into` implementation too.\n"
"* When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be "
"converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`.\n"
" Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that "
"_only_ implement `Into`.\n"
" "
msgstr ""
"* Aus diesem Grund ist es üblich, nur `From` zu implementieren, da Ihr Typ "
"auch die `Into`-Implementierung erhält.\n"
"* Beim Deklarieren eines Funktionsargument-Eingabetyps wie „alles, was in "
"einen „String“ konvertiert werden kann“, ist die Regel umgekehrt, Sie "
"sollten „Into“ verwenden.\n"
" Ihre Funktion akzeptiert Typen, die `From` implementieren, und solche, die "
"_nur_ `Into` implementieren.\n"
" \n"
"</Details>"
#: src/traits/read-write.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Read` and `Write`"
msgstr "# `Lesen` und `Schreiben`"
#: src/traits/read-write.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Using [`Read`][1] and [`BufRead`][2], you can abstract over `u8` sources:"
msgstr "Mit `Read` und `BufRead` können Sie über `u8`-Quellen abstrahieren:"
#: src/traits/read-write.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};\n"
"\n"
"fn count_lines<R: Read>(reader: R) -> usize {\n"
" let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n"
" buf_reader.lines().count()\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
" let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n"
" println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));\n"
"\n"
" let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n"
" println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/read-write.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "Similarly, [`Write`][3] lets you abstract over `u8` sinks:"
msgstr ""
"In ähnlicher Weise können Sie mit \"Write\" über \"u8\"-Senken abstrahieren:"
#: src/traits/read-write.md:25
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::io::{Result, Write};\n"
"\n"
"fn log<W: Write>(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n"
" writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n"
" writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
" let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n"
" log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n"
" log(&mut buffer, \"World\")?;\n"
" println!(\"Logged: {:?}\", buffer);\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/drop.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# The `Drop` Trait"
msgstr "# Die `Drop`-Eigenschaft"
#: src/traits/drop.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Values which implement [`Drop`][1] can specify code to run when they go out "
"of scope:"
msgstr ""
"Werte, die \"Drop\" implementieren, können Code angeben, der ausgeführt "
"werden soll, wenn sie den Gültigkeitsbereich verlassen:"
#: src/traits/drop.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"struct Droppable {\n"
" name: &'static str,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Drop for Droppable {\n"
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
" println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n"
" {\n"
" let b = Droppable { name: \"b\" };\n"
" {\n"
" let c = Droppable { name: \"c\" };\n"
" let d = Droppable { name: \"d\" };\n"
" println!(\"Exiting block B\");\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"Exiting block A\");\n"
" }\n"
" drop(a);\n"
" println!(\"Exiting main\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/drop.md:34 src/traits/operators.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "Discussion points:"
msgstr "Diskussionspunkte:"
#: src/traits/drop.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?\n"
" * Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end "
"of\n"
" the block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack\n"
" overflow!\n"
"* Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`."
msgstr ""
"* Warum nimmt `Drop::drop` nicht `self`?\n"
" * Kurzantwort: Wenn ja, würde `std::mem::drop` am Ende von aufgerufen "
"werden\n"
" den Block, was zu einem weiteren Aufruf von `Drop::drop` und einem "
"Stack führt\n"
" Überlauf!\n"
"* Versuchen Sie, `drop(a)` durch `a.drop()` zu ersetzen."
#: src/traits/default.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# The `Default` Trait"
msgstr "# Die `Drop`-Eigenschaft"
#: src/traits/default.md:3
msgid "[`Default`][1] trait produces a default value for a type."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
"struct Derived {\n"
" x: u32,\n"
" y: String,\n"
" z: Implemented,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Implemented(String);\n"
"\n"
"impl Default for Implemented {\n"
" fn default() -> Self {\n"
" Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let default_struct: Derived = Default::default();\n"
" println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");\n"
"\n"
" let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n"
" y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n"
" ..Default::default()\n"
" };\n"
" println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");\n"
"\n"
" let nothing: Option<Derived> = None;\n"
" println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/default.md:40
msgid ""
" * It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via "
"`#[derive(Default)]`.\n"
" * Derived implementation will produce an instance where all fields are set "
"to their default values.\n"
" * This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too.\n"
" * Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e."
"g. `0`, `\"\"`, etc).\n"
" * The partial struct copy works nicely with default.\n"
" * Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and "
"provides convenience methods that use it."
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/operators.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Add`, `Mul`, ..."
msgstr "# `Hinzufügen`, `Mul`, ..."
#: src/traits/operators.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`][1]:"
msgstr ""
"Das Überladen von Operatoren wird über Traits in `std::ops` implementiert:"
#: src/traits/operators.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n"
"struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }\n"
"\n"
"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
" type Output = Self;\n"
"\n"
" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
" Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n"
" let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n"
" println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/operators.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that "
"useful? \n"
" * Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are\n"
" overloading the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider "
"overloading\n"
" the operator for `&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on "
"the\n"
" call site.\n"
"* Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter of "
"the method?\n"
" * Short answer: Function type parameters are controlled by the caller, "
"but\n"
" associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementor "
"of a\n"
" trait.\n"
"* You could implement `Add` for two different types, e.g.\n"
" `impl Add<(i32, i32)> for Point` would add a tuple to a `Point`."
msgstr ""
"* Sie könnten `Add` für `&Point` implementieren. In welchen Situationen ist "
"das sinnvoll?\n"
" * Antwort: `Add:add` verbraucht `self`. Geben Sie \"T\" ein, für das Sie "
"sind\n"
" Das Überladen des Operators ist nicht \"Kopieren\", Sie sollten das "
"Überladen in Betracht ziehen\n"
" auch der Operator für `&T`. Dies vermeidet unnötiges Klonen auf der\n"
" Website aufrufen.\n"
"* Warum ist `Output` ein assoziierter Typ? Könnte es ein Typparameter "
"gemacht werden?\n"
" * Kurze Antwort: Typparameter werden vom Aufrufer gesteuert, aber\n"
" Zugehörige Typen (wie `Output`) werden vom Implementierer von a "
"gesteuert\n"
" Merkmal."
#: src/traits/closures.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Closures"
msgstr "# Schließungen"
#: src/traits/closures.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, "
"they\n"
"implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html),\n"
"[`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and\n"
"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:"
msgstr ""
"Closures oder Lambda-Ausdrücke haben Typen, die nicht benannt werden können. "
"Allerdings sie\n"
"spezielles [`Fn`] implementieren (https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn."
"html),\n"
"[`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html) und\n"
"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) "
"Eigenschaften:"
#: src/traits/closures.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 {\n"
" println!(\"Calling function on {input}\");\n"
" func(input)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n"
" let mul_5 = |x| x * 5;\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n"
" println!(\"mul_5: {}\", apply_with_log(mul_5, 20));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/traits/closures.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you have an `FnOnce`, you may only call it once. It might consume "
"captured values."
msgstr ""
"Wenn Sie ein `FnOnce` haben, können Sie es nur einmal aufrufen. Es kann "
"erfasste Werte verbrauchen."
#: src/traits/closures.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"An `FnMut` might mutate captured values, so you can call it multiple times "
"but not concurrently."
msgstr ""
"Ein `FnMut` kann erfasste Werte mutieren, sodass Sie es mehrmals, aber nicht "
"gleichzeitig aufrufen können."
#: src/traits/closures.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"An `Fn` neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or perhaps captures "
"nothing at all, so it can\n"
"be called multiple times concurrently."
msgstr ""
"Ein „Fn“ verbraucht oder mutiert erfasste Werte nicht oder erfasst "
"vielleicht gar nichts, also kann es das\n"
"mehrmals gleichzeitig aufgerufen werden."
#: src/traits/closures.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. "
"I.e. you can use an\n"
"`FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can use an `Fn` wherever "
"an `FnMut` or `FnOnce`\n"
"is called for."
msgstr ""
"`FnMut` ist ein Untertyp von `FnOnce`. „Fn“ ist ein Untertyp von „FnMut“ und "
"„FnOnce“. D.h. Sie können eine verwenden\n"
"„FnMut“, wo immer ein „FnOnce“ verlangt wird, und Sie können ein „Fn“ "
"überall dort verwenden, wo ein „FnMut“ oder „FnOnce“ steht\n"
"ist angesagt."
#: src/traits/closures.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "`move` closures only implement `FnOnce`."
msgstr "`move`-Closures implementieren nur `FnOnce`."
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 3: Morning Exercises"
msgstr "# Tag 3: Morgengymnastik"
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will design a classical GUI library traits and trait objects."
msgstr ""
"Wir werden Traits und Trait-Objekte einer klassischen GUI-Bibliothek "
"entwerfen."
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# A Simple GUI Library"
msgstr "# Eine einfache GUI-Bibliothek"
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits and\n"
"trait objects."
msgstr ""
"Lassen Sie uns eine klassische GUI-Bibliothek mit unserem neuen Wissen über "
"Traits und entwerfen\n"
"Eigenschaftsobjekte."
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:"
msgstr "Wir werden eine Reihe von Widgets in unserer Bibliothek haben:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets.\n"
"* `Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the\n"
" button is pressed.\n"
"* `Label`: has a `label`."
msgstr ""
"* „Fenster“: hat einen „Titel“ und enthält andere Widgets.\n"
"* `Button`: hat ein `Label` und eine Callback-Funktion, die aufgerufen wird, "
"wenn die\n"
" Taste gedrückt wird.\n"
"* `Label`: hat ein `Label`."
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below."
msgstr "Die Widgets implementieren ein „Widget“-Merkmal, siehe unten."
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, fill in the missing\n"
"`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:"
msgstr ""
"Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und "
"füllen Sie die fehlenden aus\n"
"`draw_into`-Methoden, sodass Sie das `Widget`-Merkmal implementieren:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:18
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"pub trait Widget {\n"
" /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
"\n"
" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
"\n"
" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
" fn draw(&self) {\n"
" let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Label {\n"
" label: String,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Label {\n"
" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
" Label {\n"
" label: label.to_owned(),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Button {\n"
" label: Label,\n"
" callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Button {\n"
" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
" Button {\n"
" label: Label::new(label),\n"
" callback,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Window {\n"
" title: String,\n"
" widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Window {\n"
" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
" Window {\n"
" title: title.to_owned(),\n"
" widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
" self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" std::cmp::max(\n"
" self.title.chars().count(),\n"
" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
" )\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"impl Widget for Label {\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Widget for Button {\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Widget for Window {\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo."
"\")));\n"
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
" \"Click me!\",\n"
" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
" )));\n"
" window.draw();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:130
#, fuzzy
msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:"
msgstr "Die Ausgabe des obigen Programms kann so einfach sein:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:132
msgid ""
"```text\n"
"========\n"
"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\n"
"========\n"
"\n"
"This is a small text GUI demo.\n"
"\n"
"| Click me! |\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:142
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the\n"
"[fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index."
"html#fillalignment)\n"
"formatting operators. In particular, notice how you can pad with different\n"
"characters (here a `'/'`) and how you can control alignment:"
msgstr ""
"Wenn Sie ausgerichteten Text zeichnen möchten, können Sie die verwenden\n"
"[fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index."
"html#fillalignment)\n"
"Formatierungsoperatoren. Beachten Sie insbesondere, wie Sie mit "
"verschiedenen auffüllen können\n"
"Zeichen (hier ein `'/'`) und wie Sie die Ausrichtung steuern können:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:147
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let width = 10;\n"
" println!(\"left aligned: |{:/<width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
" println!(\"centered: |{:/^width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
" println!(\"right aligned: |{:/>width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:156
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:"
msgstr ""
"Mit solchen Ausrichtungstricks können Sie beispielsweise eine Ausgabe wie "
"diese erzeugen:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:158
msgid ""
"```text\n"
"+--------------------------------+\n"
"| Rust GUI Demo 1.23 |\n"
"+================================+\n"
"| This is a small text GUI demo. |\n"
"| +-----------+ |\n"
"| | Click me! | |\n"
"| +-----------+ |\n"
"+--------------------------------+\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Error Handling"
msgstr "# Fehlerbehandlung"
#: src/error-handling.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:"
msgstr ""
"Die Fehlerbehandlung in Rust erfolgt über einen expliziten Kontrollfluss:"
#: src/error-handling.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Functions that can have errors list this in their return type,\n"
"* There are no exceptions."
msgstr ""
"* Funktionen, die Fehler haben können, führen dies in ihrem Rückgabetyp "
"auf,\n"
"* Es gibt keine Ausnahmen."
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Panics"
msgstr "# Panik"
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:"
msgstr ""
"Rust löst eine Panik aus, wenn zur Laufzeit ein schwerwiegender Fehler "
"auftritt:"
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,should_panic\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
" println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors.\n"
" * Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program.\n"
"* Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable."
msgstr ""
"* Paniken sind für nicht behebbare und unerwartete Fehler.\n"
" * Paniken sind Symptome von Fehlern im Programm.\n"
"* Verwenden Sie Anti-Panik-APIs (wie `Vec::get`), wenn ein Absturz nicht "
"akzeptabel ist."
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Catching the Stack Unwinding"
msgstr "# Auffangen des Stapels beim Abwickeln"
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be "
"caught:"
msgstr ""
"Standardmäßig führt eine Panik dazu, dass der Stack abgewickelt wird. Die "
"Abwicklung kann gefangen werden:"
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::panic;\n"
"\n"
"let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
" println!(\"hello!\");\n"
"});\n"
"assert!(result.is_ok());\n"
"\n"
"let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
" panic!(\"oh no!\");\n"
"});\n"
"assert!(result.is_err());\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single\n"
" request crashes.\n"
"* This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`."
msgstr ""
"* Dies kann bei Servern nützlich sein, die auch bei einem einzigen "
"weiterlaufen sollen\n"
" Anfrage stürzt ab.\n"
"* Dies funktioniert nicht, wenn in Ihrer `Cargo.toml` `panic = 'abort'` "
"gesetzt ist."
#: src/error-handling/result.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Structured Error Handling with `Result`"
msgstr "# Strukturierte Fehlerbehandlung mit `Result`"
#: src/error-handling/result.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when errors "
"are\n"
"expected as part of normal operation:"
msgstr ""
"Wir haben bereits die Aufzählung `Result` gesehen. Dies wird häufig "
"verwendet, wenn Fehler vorhanden sind\n"
"erwartet im Rahmen des Normalbetriebs:"
#: src/error-handling/result.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::fs::File;\n"
"use std::io::Read;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let file = File::open(\"diary.txt\");\n"
" match file {\n"
" Ok(mut file) => {\n"
" let mut contents = String::new();\n"
" file.read_to_string(&mut contents);\n"
" println!(\"Dear diary: {contents}\");\n"
" },\n"
" Err(err) => {\n"
" println!(\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\");\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/result.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
" * As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing "
"the developer to\n"
" explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the case where "
"an error should never happen,\n"
" `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be called, and this is a signal of the "
"developer intent too. \n"
" * `Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but "
"it is worth mentioning. \n"
" It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions that help "
"functional-style programming. \n"
" "
msgstr ""
" * Wie bei `Option` befindet sich der erfolgreiche Wert innerhalb von "
"`Result`, was den Entwickler dazu zwingt\n"
" explizit extrahieren. Dies fördert die Fehlerprüfung. Für den Fall, dass "
"niemals ein Fehler passieren sollte,\n"
" `unwrap()` oder `expect()` können aufgerufen werden, und dies ist auch "
"ein Signal für die Absicht des Entwicklers.\n"
" * Die `Result`-Dokumentation ist eine empfohlene Lektüre. Nicht während "
"des Kurses, aber es ist erwähnenswert.\n"
" Es enthält viele bequeme Methoden und Funktionen, die bei der "
"funktionalen Programmierung helfen.\n"
" \n"
"</Details>"
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Propagating Errors with `?`"
msgstr "# Propagieren von Fehlern mit `?`"
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you "
"turn\n"
"the common"
msgstr ""
"Der Try-Operator `?` wird verwendet, um Fehler an den Aufrufer "
"zurückzugeben. Es lässt dich drehen\n"
"das gemeine"
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"match some_expression {\n"
" Ok(value) => value,\n"
" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "into the much simpler"
msgstr "ins viel einfachere"
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:15
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"some_expression?\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handing code:"
msgstr ""
"Wir können dies verwenden, um unseren Fehlerbehandlungscode zu vereinfachen:"
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:21
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::fs;\n"
"use std::io::{self, Read};\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, io::Error> {\n"
" let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);\n"
" let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n"
" Ok(file) => file,\n"
" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
" };\n"
"\n"
" let mut username = String::new();\n"
" match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n"
" Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n"
" Err(err) => Err(err),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:50
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`.\n"
"* Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, "
"empty file, file with username."
msgstr ""
"* Die Variable „username“ kann entweder „Ok(string)“ oder „Err(error)“ "
"sein.\n"
"* Verwenden Sie den `fs::write`-Aufruf, um die verschiedenen Szenarien zu "
"testen: keine Datei, leere Datei, Datei mit Benutzername."
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:1
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Converting Error Types"
msgstr "# Konvertieren von Fehlertypen"
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously "
"indicated:"
msgstr ""
"Die effektive Erweiterung von „?“ ist etwas komplizierter als zuvor "
"angedeutet:"
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"expression?\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "works the same as"
msgstr "funktioniert genauso wie"
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:11
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"match expression {\n"
" Ok(value) => value,\n"
" Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to "
"the\n"
"type returned by the function:"
msgstr ""
"Der `From::from`-Aufruf hier bedeutet, dass wir versuchen, den Fehlertyp in "
"den zu konvertieren\n"
"Typ, der von der Funktion zurückgegeben wird:"
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::error::Error;\n"
"use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n"
"use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
"use std::io::{self, Read};\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
" IoError(io::Error),\n"
" EmptyUsername(String),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}\n"
"\n"
"impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n"
" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n"
" match self {\n"
" Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {e}\"),\n"
" Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username "
"in {filename}\"),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl From<io::Error> for ReadUsernameError {\n"
" fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n"
" ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
" File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(username)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:55
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is good practice for all error types to implement `std::error::Error`, "
"which requires `Debug` and\n"
"`Display`. It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too "
"where possible, to make\n"
"life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In this case we can't "
"easily do so, because\n"
"`io::Error` doesn't implement them."
msgstr ""
"Es ist eine gute Praxis für alle Fehlertypen, `std::error::Error` zu "
"implementieren, was `Debug` und erfordert\n"
"\"Anzeigen\". Es ist im Allgemeinen hilfreich für sie, `Clone` und `Eq` zu "
"implementieren, wo es möglich ist, zu machen\n"
"das Leben einfacher für Tests und Benutzer Ihrer Bibliothek. In diesem Fall "
"können wir das nicht so einfach tun, weil\n"
"`io::Error` implementiert sie nicht."
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Deriving Error Enums"
msgstr "# Fehleraufzählungen ableiten"
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) crate is a popular way to create "
"an\n"
"error enum like we did on the previous page:"
msgstr ""
"Die Kiste [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) ist eine beliebte Methode "
"zum Erstellen einer\n"
"error enum wie auf der vorherigen Seite:"
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
"use std::io::Read;\n"
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n"
"enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
" #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n"
" IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n"
" #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
" EmptyUsername(String),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(username)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, and "
"optionally `Display`\n"
"(if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) and `From` (if the "
"`#[from]` attribute is added).\n"
"It also works for structs."
msgstr ""
"Das Ableitungsmakro von `thiserror` implementiert automatisch `std::error::"
"Error` und optional `Display`\n"
"(wenn die `#[error(...)]`-Attribute bereitgestellt werden) und `From` (wenn "
"das `#[from]`-Attribut hinzugefügt wird).\n"
"Es funktioniert auch für Strukturen."
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries."
msgstr ""
"Es wirkt sich nicht auf Ihre öffentliche API aus, was es gut für "
"Bibliotheken macht."
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Dynamic Error Types"
msgstr "# Dynamische Fehlertypen"
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing "
"our own enum covering\n"
"all the different possibilities. `std::error::Error` makes this easy."
msgstr ""
"Manchmal möchten wir zulassen, dass jede Art von Fehler zurückgegeben wird, "
"ohne unsere eigene Enum-Abdeckung zu schreiben\n"
"all die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten. `std::error::Error` macht das einfach."
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
"use std::io::Read;\n"
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
"use std::error::Error;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n"
"#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
"struct EmptyUsernameError(String);\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
" File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
" return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(username)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle different "
"error cases differently in\n"
"the program. As such it's generally not a good idea to use `Box<dyn Error>` "
"in the public API of a\n"
"library, but it can be a good option in a program where you just want to "
"display the error message\n"
"somewhere."
msgstr ""
"Dies spart Code, gibt aber die Möglichkeit auf, verschiedene Fehlerfälle "
"sauber unterschiedlich zu behandeln\n"
"das Programm. Daher ist es im Allgemeinen keine gute Idee, `Box<dyn Error>` "
"in der öffentlichen API von a zu verwenden\n"
"Bibliothek, aber es kann eine gute Option in einem Programm sein, in dem Sie "
"nur die Fehlermeldung anzeigen möchten\n"
"irgendwo."
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Adding Context to Errors"
msgstr "# Hinzufügen von Kontext zu Fehlern"
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add\n"
"contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer\n"
"custom error types:"
msgstr ""
"Die weit verbreitete Kiste [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) kann Ihnen beim "
"Hinzufügen helfen\n"
"Kontextinformationen zu Ihren Fehlern und ermöglicht es Ihnen, weniger zu "
"haben\n"
"benutzerdefinierte Fehlertypen:"
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
"use std::io::Read;\n"
"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n"
"\n"
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String> {\n"
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
" fs::File::open(path)\n"
" .with_context(|| format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n"
" .read_to_string(&mut username)\n"
" .context(\"Failed to read\")?;\n"
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
" bail!(\"Found no username in {path}\");\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(username)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `anyhow::Result<V>` is a type alias for `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`.\n"
"* `anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box<dyn Error>`. As such "
"it's again generally not\n"
" a good choice for the public API of a library, but is widely used in "
"applications.\n"
"* Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if "
"necessary.\n"
"* Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result<T>` may be familiar to Go "
"developers, as it provides\n"
" similar usage patterns and ergonomics to `(T, error)` from Go."
msgstr ""
"* `anyhow::Result<V>` ist ein Typ-Alias für `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`.\n"
"* `anyhow::Error` ist im Wesentlichen ein Wrapper um `Box<dyn Error>`. Als "
"solches ist es wieder im Allgemeinen nicht\n"
" eine gute Wahl für die öffentliche API einer Bibliothek, wird aber häufig "
"in Anwendungen verwendet.\n"
"* Der darin enthaltene tatsächliche Fehlertyp kann bei Bedarf zur "
"Untersuchung extrahiert werden.\n"
"* Die von `anyhow::Result<T>` bereitgestellte Funktionalität ist Go-"
"Entwicklern möglicherweise vertraut, da sie bereitgestellt wird\n"
" ähnliche Nutzungsmuster und Ergonomie wie `(T, error)` von Go."
#: src/testing.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Testing"
msgstr "# Testen"
#: src/testing.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:"
msgstr "Rust und Cargo verfügen über ein einfaches Unit-Test-Framework:"
#: src/testing.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Unit tests are supported throughout your code.\n"
"\n"
"* Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory."
msgstr "* Integrationstests werden über das Verzeichnis „tests/“ unterstützt."
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Unit Tests"
msgstr "# Einheitentests"
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:"
msgstr "Unit-Tests mit `#[test]` markieren:"
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,ignore\n"
"fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n"
" match text.find(' ') {\n"
" Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n"
" None => &text,\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_empty() {\n"
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_single_word() {\n"
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_multiple_words() {\n"
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests."
msgstr ""
"Verwenden Sie \"Cargo Test\", um die Komponententests zu finden und "
"auszuführen."
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Test Modules"
msgstr "# Testmodule"
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the\n"
"[Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
msgstr ""
"Unit-Tests werden oft in ein verschachteltes Modul eingefügt (Tests auf der\n"
"[Spielplatz](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n"
" format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
"mod tests {\n"
" use super::*;\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_helper() {\n"
" assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* This lets you unit test private helpers.\n"
"* The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`."
msgstr ""
"* Damit können Sie private Helfer testen.\n"
"* Das Attribut `#[cfg(test)]` ist nur aktiv, wenn Sie `cargo test` ausführen."
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Documentation Tests"
msgstr "# Dokumentationstests"
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:"
msgstr "Rust hat eine eingebaute Unterstützung für Dokumentationstests:"
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n"
"///\n"
"/// ```\n"
"/// use playground::shorten_string;\n"
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n"
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n"
"/// ```\n"
"pub fn shorten_string(s: &str, length: usize) -> &str {\n"
" &s[..std::cmp::min(length, s.len())]\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code.\n"
"* The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`.\n"
"* Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
msgstr ""
"* Codeblöcke in `///`-Kommentaren werden automatisch als Rust-Code "
"angesehen.\n"
"* Der Code wird im Rahmen von „Cargo Test“ kompiliert und ausgeführt.\n"
"* Testen Sie den obigen Code auf [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang."
"org/?"
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Integration Tests"
msgstr "# Integrationstests"
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test."
msgstr ""
"Wenn Sie Ihre Bibliothek als Client testen möchten, verwenden Sie einen "
"Integrationstest."
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:"
msgstr "Erstellen Sie eine `.rs`-Datei unter `tests/`:"
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"use my_library::init;\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_init() {\n"
" assert!(init().is_ok());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate."
msgstr "Diese Tests haben nur Zugriff auf die öffentliche API Ihrer Crate."
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:1
msgid "## Useful crates for writing tests"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests."
msgstr "Rust hat eine eingebaute Unterstützung für Dokumentationstests:"
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:5
msgid "Here are some additional crates which we recommend for writing tests:"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:7
msgid ""
"* [googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Comprehensive test assertion "
"library in the tradition of GoogleTest for C++.\n"
"* [proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Property-based testing for Rust.\n"
"* [rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Support for fixtures and parameterised "
"tests."
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Unsafe Rust"
msgstr "# Unsicherer Rost"
#: src/unsafe.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Rust language has two parts:"
msgstr "Die Rust-Sprache besteht aus zwei Teilen:"
#: src/unsafe.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* **Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible.\n"
"* **Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are "
"violated."
msgstr ""
"* **Safe Rust:** Speichersicher, kein undefiniertes Verhalten möglich.\n"
"* **Unsicherer Rost:** kann undefiniertes Verhalten auslösen, wenn "
"Vorbedingungen verletzt werden."
#: src/unsafe.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will be seeing mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to "
"know\n"
"what Unsafe Rust is."
msgstr ""
"Wir werden in diesem Kurs hauptsächlich sicheres Rust sehen, aber es ist "
"wichtig zu wissen\n"
"was unsicherer Rost ist."
#: src/unsafe.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be "
"carefully\n"
"documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer."
msgstr ""
"Unsicherer Code ist normalerweise klein und isoliert, und seine Korrektheit "
"sollte sorgfältig geprüft werden\n"
"dokumentiert. Es ist normalerweise in eine sichere Abstraktionsschicht "
"eingeschlossen."
#: src/unsafe.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:"
msgstr "Unsafe Rust bietet Ihnen Zugriff auf fünf neue Funktionen:"
#: src/unsafe.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Dereference raw pointers.\n"
"* Access or modify mutable static variables.\n"
"* Access `union` fields.\n"
"* Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions.\n"
"* Implement `unsafe` traits."
msgstr ""
"* Rohzeiger dereferenzieren.\n"
"* Greifen Sie auf veränderliche statische Variablen zu oder ändern Sie "
"diese.\n"
"* Greifen Sie auf `Union`-Felder zu.\n"
"* „Unsichere“ Funktionen aufrufen, einschließlich „externer“ Funktionen.\n"
"* Implementieren Sie \"unsichere\" Eigenschaften."
#: src/unsafe.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please "
"see\n"
"[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-"
"unsafe-rust.html)\n"
"and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
msgstr ""
"Als nächstes werden wir uns kurz mit unsicheren Fähigkeiten befassen. "
"Ausführliche Informationen finden Sie unter\n"
"[Kapitel 19.1 im Rust-Buch](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-"
"rust.html)\n"
"und das [Rustonomicon] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
#: src/unsafe.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers "
"have\n"
"turned off the compiler safety features and have to write correct code by\n"
"themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety "
"rules."
msgstr ""
"Unsicherer Rost bedeutet nicht, dass der Code falsch ist. Es bedeutet, dass "
"Entwickler haben\n"
"die Compiler-Sicherheitsfunktionen ausgeschaltet haben und korrekten Code "
"schreiben müssen\n"
"sich. Das bedeutet, dass der Compiler die Speichersicherheitsregeln von Rust "
"nicht mehr erzwingt."
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Dereferencing Raw Pointers"
msgstr "# Rohzeiger dereferenzieren"
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:"
msgstr ""
"Das Erstellen von Zeigern ist sicher, aber das Dereferenzieren erfordert "
"\"unsicher\":"
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut num = 5;\n"
"\n"
" let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n"
" let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are\n"
" // guaranteed to be non-null and properly aligned, the objects "
"underlying\n"
" // the references from which they were obtained are live throughout the\n"
" // whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n"
" // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" println!(\"r1 is: {}\", *r1);\n"
" *r1 = 10;\n"
" println!(\"r2 is: {}\", *r2);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write "
"a comment for each\n"
"`unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it satisfies the safety "
"requirements of the unsafe\n"
"operations it is doing."
msgstr ""
"Es ist eine gute Praxis (und vom Android Rust Styleguide vorgeschrieben), "
"für jeden einen Kommentar zu schreiben\n"
"\"unsicherer\" Block, der erklärt, wie der darin enthaltene Code die "
"Sicherheitsanforderungen des unsicheren Codes erfüllt\n"
"Operationen, die es tut."
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be\n"
"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:"
msgstr ""
"Im Fall von Zeigerdereferenzen bedeutet dies, dass die Zeiger sein müssen\n"
"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), also:"
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
" * The pointer must be non-null.\n"
" * The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single "
"allocated object).\n"
" * The object must not have been deallocated.\n"
" * There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location.\n"
" * If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object "
"must be live and no\n"
" reference may be used to access the memory."
msgstr ""
" * Der Zeiger darf nicht null sein.\n"
" * Der Zeiger muss _dereferenzierbar_ sein (innerhalb der Grenzen eines "
"einzelnen zugewiesenen Objekts).\n"
" * Das Objekt darf nicht freigegeben worden sein.\n"
" * Es darf nicht gleichzeitig auf denselben Standort zugegriffen werden.\n"
" * Wenn der Zeiger durch Casting einer Referenz erhalten wurde, muss das "
"zugrunde liegende Objekt live sein und nein\n"
" Referenz kann verwendet werden, um auf den Speicher zuzugreifen."
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned."
msgstr ""
"In den meisten Fällen muss auch der Zeiger richtig ausgerichtet werden."
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Mutable Static Variables"
msgstr "# Veränderliche statische Variablen"
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:"
msgstr "Es ist sicher, eine unveränderliche statische Variable zu lesen:"
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable\n"
"static variables:"
msgstr ""
"Da es jedoch zu Datenrennen kommen kann, ist es unsicher, änderbar zu lesen "
"und zu schreiben\n"
"statische Variablen:"
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:16
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;\n"
"\n"
"fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n"
" unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potential data race!\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" add_to_counter(42);\n"
"\n"
" unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potential data race!\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases "
"where it might make sense\n"
"in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a heap allocator or working "
"with some C APIs."
msgstr ""
"Die Verwendung eines änderbaren statischen Werts ist im Allgemeinen eine "
"schlechte Idee, aber es gibt einige Fälle, in denen es sinnvoll sein könnte\n"
"in `no_std`-Code auf niedriger Ebene, wie z. B. die Implementierung eines "
"Heap-Allokators oder die Arbeit mit einigen C-APIs."
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Unions"
msgstr "# Gewerkschaften"
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:"
msgstr ""
"Unions sind wie Aufzählungen, aber Sie müssen das aktive Feld selbst "
"verfolgen:"
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"#[repr(C)]\n"
"union MyUnion {\n"
" i: u8,\n"
" b: bool,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n"
" println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n"
" println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Undefined behavior!\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They "
"are occasionally needed\n"
"for interacting with C library APIs."
msgstr ""
"Unions werden in Rust sehr selten benötigt, da Sie normalerweise eine "
"Aufzählung verwenden können. Sie werden gelegentlich benötigt\n"
"für die Interaktion mit C-Bibliotheks-APIs."
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably "
"want\n"
"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn."
"transmute.html) or a safe\n"
"wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy) crate."
msgstr ""
"Wenn Sie Bytes nur als einen anderen Typ neu interpretieren möchten, möchten "
"Sie dies wahrscheinlich tun\n"
"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn."
"transmute.html) oder einen Safe\n"
"Wrapper wie die Kiste [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy)."
#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Calling Unsafe Functions"
msgstr "# Aufruf unsicherer Funktionen"
#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions "
"you\n"
"must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:"
msgstr ""
"Eine Funktion oder Methode kann als „unsicher“ gekennzeichnet werden, wenn "
"sie zusätzliche Voraussetzungen für Sie hat\n"
"muss eingehalten werden, um undefiniertes Verhalten zu vermeiden:"
#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds "
"of\n"
" // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n"
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n"
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis."
"get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n"
"\n"
" // Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n"
" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n"
" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis."
"get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n"
" s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Writing Unsafe Functions"
msgstr "# Unsichere Funktionen schreiben"
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular "
"conditions to avoid undefined\n"
"behaviour."
msgstr ""
"Sie können Ihre eigenen Funktionen als \"unsicher\" markieren, wenn sie "
"bestimmte Bedingungen erfordern, um undefined zu vermeiden\n"
"Verhalten."
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n"
"///\n"
"/// # Safety\n"
"///\n"
"/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n"
"unsafe fn swap(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n"
" let temp = *a;\n"
" *a = *b;\n"
" *b = temp;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut a = 42;\n"
" let mut b = 66;\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because ...\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We wouldn't actually use pointers for this because it can be done safely "
"with references."
msgstr ""
"Wir würden dafür eigentlich keine Zeiger verwenden, da dies mit Referenzen "
"sicher möglich ist."
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an "
"`unsafe` block. We can\n"
"prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Try adding it and see "
"what happens."
msgstr ""
"Beachten Sie, dass unsicherer Code innerhalb einer unsicheren Funktion ohne "
"einen „unsicheren“ Block zulässig ist. Wir können\n"
"verbieten Sie dies mit `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Versuchen Sie es "
"hinzuzufügen und sehen Sie, was passiert."
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Calling External Code"
msgstr "# Externer Code aufrufen"
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. "
"Calling\n"
"them is thus unsafe:"
msgstr ""
"Funktionen aus anderen Sprachen könnten die Garantien von Rust verletzen. "
"Berufung\n"
"sie ist somit unsicher:"
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"extern \"C\" {\n"
" fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" // Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n"
" println!(\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\", abs(-3));\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is usually only a problem for extern functions which do things with "
"pointers which might\n"
"violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C function might have "
"undefined behaviour under any\n"
"arbitrary circumstances."
msgstr ""
"Dies ist normalerweise nur ein Problem für externe Funktionen, die "
"möglicherweise Dinge mit Zeigern tun\n"
"verletzen das Speichermodell von Rust, aber im Allgemeinen kann jede C-"
"Funktion undefiniertes Verhalten unter jeder haben\n"
"willkürliche Umstände."
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:25
msgid ""
"The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI;\n"
"[other ABIs are available too](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/"
"external-blocks.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Implementing Unsafe Traits"
msgstr "# Unsichere Merkmale implementieren"
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation "
"must guarantee\n"
"particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
msgstr ""
"Wie bei Funktionen können Sie ein Merkmal als \"unsicher\" markieren, wenn "
"die Implementierung dies gewährleisten muss\n"
"besondere Bedingungen, um undefiniertes Verhalten zu vermeiden."
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks\n"
"[something like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes."
"html):"
msgstr ""
"Zum Beispiel hat die „Nullkopie“-Kiste eine unsichere Eigenschaft, die "
"aussieht\n"
"[etwas in der Art](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes."
"html):"
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::mem::size_of_val;\n"
"use std::slice;\n"
"\n"
"/// ...\n"
"/// # Safety\n"
"/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n"
"pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n"
" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, "
"size_of_val(self))\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n"
"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
"/// ...\n"
"/// # Sicherheit\n"
"/// Der Typ muss eine definierte Darstellung haben und darf nicht aufgefüllt "
"werden.\n"
"pub unsichere Eigenschaft AsBytes {\n"
" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n"
" unsicher {\n"
" Slice::from_raw_parts(self als *const Self als *const u8, "
"size_of_val(self))\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}"
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining "
"the requirements for\n"
"the trait to be safely implemented."
msgstr ""
"Es sollte einen Abschnitt „# Sicherheit“ im Rustdoc für das Merkmal geben, "
"in dem die Anforderungen für erklärt werden\n"
"die sicher zu implementierende Eigenschaft."
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more "
"complicated."
msgstr ""
"Der eigentliche Sicherheitsabschnitt für `AsBytes` ist etwas länger und "
"komplizierter."
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe."
msgstr ""
"Die eingebauten Eigenschaften „Senden“ und „Synchronisieren“ sind unsicher."
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 3: Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "# Tag 3: Nachmittagsübungen"
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!"
msgstr ""
"Lassen Sie uns einen sicheren Wrapper zum Lesen von Verzeichnisinhalten "
"erstellen!"
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution] provided."
msgstr ""
"Nachdem Sie sich die Übung angesehen haben, können Sie sich die "
"bereitgestellte [Lösung] ansehen."
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Safe FFI Wrapper"
msgstr "# Sicherer FFI-Wrapper"
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function\n"
"interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc`\n"
"functions you would use from C to read the filenames of a directory."
msgstr ""
"Rust bietet großartige Unterstützung für den Aufruf von Funktionen über eine "
"_foreign-Funktion\n"
"Schnittstelle_ (FFI). Wir werden dies verwenden, um einen sicheren Wrapper "
"für die `libc` zu erstellen\n"
"Funktionen, die Sie von C verwenden würden, um die Dateinamen eines "
"Verzeichnisses zu lesen."
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:"
msgstr "Sie werden die Handbuchseiten konsultieren wollen:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)\n"
"* [`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)\n"
"* [`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
msgstr ""
"* [`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)\n"
"* [`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)\n"
"* [`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:13
msgid ""
"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`] module. There you find a "
"number of\n"
"string types which you need for the exercise:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16
msgid ""
"| Types | Encoding | "
"Use |\n"
"|----------------------------|----------------|--------------------------------|\n"
"| [`str`] and [`String`] | UTF-8 | Text processing in "
"Rust |\n"
"| [`CStr`] and [`CString`] | NUL-terminated | Communicating with C "
"functions |\n"
"| [`OsStr`] and [`OsString`] | OS-specific | Communicating with the "
"OS |"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:22
msgid "You will convert between all these types:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:24
msgid ""
"- `&str` to `CString`: you need to allocate space for a trailing `\\0` "
"character,\n"
"- `CString` to `*const i8`: you need a pointer to call C functions,\n"
"- `*const i8` to `&CStr`: you need something which can find the trailing "
"`\\0` character,\n"
"- `&CStr` to `&[u8]`: a slice of bytes is the universal interface for \"some "
"unknow data\",\n"
"- `&[u8]` to `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` is a step towards `OsString`, use\n"
" [`OsStrExt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt."
"html)\n"
" to create it,\n"
"- `&OsStr` to `OsString`: you need to clone the data in `&OsStr` to be able "
"to return it and call\n"
" `readdir` again."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:34
msgid "The [Nomicon] also has a very useful chapter about FFI."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the "
"missing\n"
"functions and methods:"
msgstr ""
"Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code nach <https://play.rust-lang.org/> und "
"füllen Sie die fehlenden aus\n"
"Funktionen und Methoden:"
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:48
msgid ""
"```rust,should_panic\n"
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
"\n"
"mod ffi {\n"
" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n"
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};\n"
"\n"
" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
" #[repr(C)]\n"
" pub struct DIR {\n"
" _data: [u8; 0],\n"
" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::"
"PhantomPinned)>,\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Layout as per readdir(3) and definitions in /usr/include/x86_64-linux-"
"gnu.\n"
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
" #[repr(C)]\n"
" pub struct dirent {\n"
" pub d_ino: c_long,\n"
" pub d_off: c_ulong,\n"
" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
" pub d_type: c_char,\n"
" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Layout as per man entry for dirent\n"
" #[cfg(target_os = \"macos\")]\n"
" #[repr(C)]\n"
" pub struct dirent {\n"
" pub d_ino: u64,\n"
" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n"
" pub d_reclen: u16,\n"
" pub d_namlen: u16,\n"
" pub d_type: u8,\n"
" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" extern \"C\" {\n"
" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
" path: CString,\n"
" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
" fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
" type Item = OsString;\n"
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
" // Call closedir as needed.\n"
" unimplemented!()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Welcome to Rust in Android"
msgstr "# Willkommen zu Tag 1"
#: src/android.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust is supported for native platform development on Android. This means "
"that\n"
"you can write new operating system services in Rust, as well as extending\n"
"existing services."
msgstr ""
"Rust wird für die native Plattformentwicklung auf Android unterstützt. Das "
"bedeutet, dass\n"
"Sie können neue Betriebssystemdienste in Rust schreiben und erweitern\n"
"bestehende Dienste."
#: src/android.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"> We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try "
"to\n"
"> find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of "
"code to\n"
"> Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something "
"that\n"
"> parses some raw bytes would be ideal."
msgstr ""
"> Wir werden heute versuchen, Rust aus einem Ihrer eigenen Projekte "
"anzurufen. Versuchen Sie es also\n"
"> Finden Sie eine kleine Ecke Ihrer Codebasis, in die wir einige Codezeilen "
"verschieben können\n"
"> Rost. Je weniger Abhängigkeiten und \"exotische\" Typen, desto besser. "
"Etwas das\n"
"> parst einige rohe Bytes wäre ideal."
#: src/android/setup.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Setup"
msgstr "# Aufstellen"
#: src/android/setup.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will be using an Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make sure you "
"have\n"
"access to one or create a new one with:"
msgstr ""
"Wir werden ein Android Virtual Device verwenden, um unseren Code zu testen. "
"Stell sicher dass du hast\n"
"Greifen Sie auf eines zu oder erstellen Sie ein neues mit:"
#: src/android/setup.md:6
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ source build/envsetup.sh\n"
"$ lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n"
"$ acloud create\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/setup.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Please see the [Android Developer\n"
"Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/start) for details."
msgstr ""
"Bitte lesen Sie die [Android Developer\n"
"Codelab] (https://source.android.com/docs/setup/start) für Details."
#: src/android/build-rules.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Build Rules"
msgstr "# Bauregeln"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:"
msgstr ""
"Das Android-Build-System (Soong) unterstützt Rust über eine Reihe von "
"Modulen:"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"| Module Type | "
"Description "
"|\n"
"|-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n"
"| `rust_binary` | Produces a Rust "
"binary. "
"|\n"
"| `rust_library` | Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and "
"`dylib` variants. |\n"
"| `rust_ffi` | Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and "
"provides both static and shared variants. |\n"
"| `rust_proc_macro` | Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are "
"analogous to compiler plugins. |\n"
"| `rust_test` | Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard "
"Rust test harness. |\n"
"| `rust_fuzz` | Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging "
"`libfuzzer`. |\n"
"| `rust_protobuf` | Generates source and produces a Rust library that "
"provides an interface for a particular protobuf. |\n"
"| `rust_bindgen` | Generates source and produces a Rust library "
"containing Rust bindings to C libraries. |"
msgstr ""
"| Modultyp | Beschreibung |\n"
"|-------------------|------------------------ "
"-------------------------------------------------- ---------------------|\n"
"| `rust_binary` | Erzeugt eine Rust-Binärdatei. |\n"
"| `rust_library` | Erzeugt eine Rust-Bibliothek und bietet sowohl `rlib`- "
"als auch `dylib`-Varianten. |\n"
"| `rust_ffi` | Erzeugt eine Rust-C-Bibliothek, die von `cc`-Modulen "
"verwendet werden kann, und bietet sowohl statische als auch gemeinsam "
"genutzte Varianten. |\n"
"| `rust_proc_macro` | Erzeugt eine `proc-macro` Rust-Bibliothek. Diese sind "
"analog zu Compiler-Plugins. |\n"
"| `rust_test` | Erzeugt eine Rust-Test-Binärdatei, die die standardmäßige "
"Rust-Testumgebung verwendet. |\n"
"| `rust_fuzz` | Erzeugt eine Rust-Fuzz-Binärdatei, die `libfuzzer` nutzt. |\n"
"| `rust_protobuf` | Generiert Quellcode und erstellt eine Rust-Bibliothek, "
"die eine Schnittstelle für einen bestimmten Protobuf bereitstellt. |\n"
"| `rust_bindgen` | Generiert Quellcode und erstellt eine Rust-Bibliothek, "
"die Rust-Bindungen an C-Bibliotheken enthält. |"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next."
msgstr "Als nächstes schauen wir uns `rust_binary` und `rust_library` an."
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Rust Binaries"
msgstr "# Rust-Binärdateien"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, "
"create\n"
"the following files:"
msgstr ""
"Beginnen wir mit einer einfachen Anwendung. Erstellen Sie im "
"Stammverzeichnis eines AOSP-Checkouts\n"
"folgende Dateien:"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:6 src/android/build-rules/library.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:8
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
" name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
" crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:16 src/android/build-rules/library.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:18
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"//! Rust demo.\n"
"\n"
"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:"
msgstr "Sie können die Binärdatei jetzt erstellen, pushen und ausführen:"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:29
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m hello_rust\n"
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\"\n"
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n"
"Hello from Rust!\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Rust Libraries"
msgstr "# Rust-Bibliotheken"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android."
msgstr ""
"Sie verwenden `rust_library`, um eine neue Rust-Bibliothek für Android zu "
"erstellen."
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:"
msgstr "Hier deklarieren wir eine Abhängigkeit von zwei Bibliotheken:"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `libgreeting`, which we define below,\n"
"* `libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in\n"
" [`external/rust/crates/`][crates]."
msgstr ""
"* `libgreeting`, das wir unten definieren,\n"
"* `libtextwrap`, das ist eine Kiste, in der bereits verkauft wird\n"
" [`extern/rust/crates/`][crates]."
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:15
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
" name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
" crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
" rustlibs: [\n"
" \"libgreetings\",\n"
" \"libtextwrap\",\n"
" ],\n"
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"rust_library {\n"
" name: \"libgreetings\",\n"
" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:36
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Rust demo.\n"
"\n"
"use greetings::greeting;\n"
"use textwrap::fill;\n"
"\n"
"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:50
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Greeting library.\n"
"\n"
"/// Greet `name`.\n"
"pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n"
" format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:59
#, fuzzy
msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:"
msgstr "Sie erstellen, pushen und führen die Binärdatei wie zuvor aus:"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:61
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/"
"tmp\"\n"
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
"Hello Bob, it is very\n"
"nice to meet you!\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# AIDL"
msgstr "# AIDL"
#: src/android/aidl.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Android Interface Definition Language\n"
"(AIDL)](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in "
"Rust:"
msgstr ""
"Die [Android Interface Definition Language\n"
"(AIDL)](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/aidl) wird in Rust "
"unterstützt:"
#: src/android/aidl.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Rust code can call existing AIDL servers,\n"
"* You can create new AIDL servers in Rust."
msgstr ""
"* Rust-Code kann bestehende AIDL-Server aufrufen,\n"
"* Sie können neue AIDL-Server in Rust erstellen."
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# AIDL Interfaces"
msgstr "# AIDL-Schnittstellen"
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:"
msgstr "Sie deklarieren die API Ihres Dienstes über eine AIDL-Schnittstelle:"
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"*birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl*:"
msgstr ""
"*birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl*:"
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:7
msgid ""
"```java\n"
"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
"\n"
"/** Birthday service interface. */\n"
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "*birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp*:"
msgstr "*birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp*:"
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:19
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"aidl_interface {\n"
" name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n"
" srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n"
" unstable: true,\n"
" backend: {\n"
" rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n"
" enabled: true,\n"
" },\n"
" },\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the "
"vendor\n"
"partition."
msgstr ""
"Fügen Sie „vendor_available: true“ hinzu, wenn Ihre AIDL-Datei von einer "
"Binärdatei des Anbieters verwendet wird\n"
"Partition."
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Service Implementation"
msgstr "# Dienstimplementierung"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:"
msgstr "Wir können jetzt den AIDL-Dienst implementieren:"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "*birthday_service/src/lib.rs*:"
msgstr "*birthday_service/src/lib.rs*:"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
"\n"
"/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n"
"pub struct BirthdayService;\n"
"\n"
"impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n"
"\n"
"impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n"
" fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::"
"Result<String> {\n"
" Ok(format!(\n"
" \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!"
"\"\n"
" ))\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:26 src/android/aidl/server.md:28
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "*birthday_service/Android.bp*:"
msgstr "*birthday_service/Android.bp*:"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:28
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_library {\n"
" name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
" crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n"
" rustlibs: [\n"
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
" ],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# AIDL Server"
msgstr "# AIDL-Server"
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:"
msgstr ""
"Schließlich können wir einen Server erstellen, der den Dienst verfügbar "
"macht:"
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "*birthday_service/src/server.rs*:"
msgstr "*birthday_service/src/server.rs*:"
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Birthday service.\n"
"use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
"IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
"\n"
"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
"\n"
"/// Entry point for birthday service.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n"
" let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n"
" birthday_service,\n"
" binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n"
" );\n"
" binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder."
"as_binder())\n"
" .expect(\"Failed to register service\");\n"
" binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:30
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
" name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
" crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n"
" rustlibs: [\n"
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
" \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
" ],\n"
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Deploy"
msgstr "# Einsetzen"
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:"
msgstr "Wir können den Dienst jetzt erstellen, pushen und starten:"
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:5
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m birthday_server\n"
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/"
"tmp\"\n"
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:"
msgstr ""
"Überprüfen Sie in einem anderen Terminal, ob der Dienst ausgeführt wird:"
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:13
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ adb shell service check birthdayservice\n"
"Service birthdayservice: found\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:"
msgstr "Sie können den Service auch mit `Service Call` aufrufen:"
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:20
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ $ adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n"
"Result: Parcel(\n"
" 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n"
" 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n"
" 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n"
" 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n"
" 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n"
" 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n"
" 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n"
" 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# AIDL Client"
msgstr "# AIDL-Client"
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service."
msgstr ""
"Schließlich können wir einen Rust-Client für unseren neuen Dienst erstellen."
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "*birthday_service/src/client.rs*:"
msgstr "*birthday_service/src/client.rs*:"
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Birthday service.\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
"\n"
"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
"\n"
"/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n"
"pub fn connect() -> Result<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, binder::"
"StatusCode> {\n"
" binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"/// Call the birthday service.\n"
"fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n"
" let name = std::env::args()\n"
" .nth(1)\n"
" .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n"
" let years = std::env::args()\n"
" .nth(2)\n"
" .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::<i32>().ok())\n"
" .unwrap_or(42);\n"
"\n"
" binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n"
" let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to "
"BirthdayService\");\n"
" let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n"
" println!(\"{msg}\");\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:39
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
" name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
" crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n"
" rustlibs: [\n"
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
" ],\n"
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`."
msgstr "Beachten Sie, dass der Client nicht von `libbirthdayservice` abhängt."
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:54
#, fuzzy
msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:"
msgstr "Erstellen, pushen und führen Sie den Client auf Ihrem Gerät aus:"
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:56
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m birthday_client\n"
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/"
"tmp\"\n"
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n"
"Happy Birthday Charlie, congratulations with the 60 years!\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Changing API"
msgstr "# Ändern der API"
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients "
"specify a\n"
"list of lines for the birthday card:"
msgstr ""
"Lassen Sie uns die API um mehr Funktionalität erweitern: Wir möchten, dass "
"Kunden a angeben\n"
"Liste der Zeilen für die Geburtstagskarte:"
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:6
msgid ""
"```java\n"
"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
"\n"
"/** Birthday service interface. */\n"
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:1 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Logging"
msgstr "# Protokollierung"
#: src/android/logging.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) "
"or\n"
"`stdout` (on-host):"
msgstr ""
"Sie sollten die `log`-Crate verwenden, um sich automatisch bei `logcat` (auf "
"dem Gerät) anzumelden oder\n"
"`stdout` (auf dem Host):"
#: src/android/logging.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/logging.md:8
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
" name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
" crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
" rustlibs: [\n"
" \"liblog_rust\",\n"
" \"liblogger\",\n"
" ],\n"
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
" host_supported: true,\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
#: src/android/logging.md:24
msgid ""
"```rust,ignore\n"
"//! Rust logging demo.\n"
"\n"
"use log::{debug, error, info};\n"
"\n"
"/// Logs a greeting.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" logger::init(\n"
" logger::Config::default()\n"
" .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n"
" .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n"
" );\n"
" debug!(\"Starting program.\");\n"
" info!(\"Things are going fine.\");\n"
" error!(\"Something went wrong!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:42 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:98
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:73
#, fuzzy
msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:"
msgstr ""
"Erstellen, übertragen und führen Sie die Binärdatei auf Ihrem Gerät aus:"
#: src/android/logging.md:44
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m hello_rust_logs\n"
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/"
"tmp\"\n"
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:"
msgstr "Die Protokolle werden in `adb logcat` angezeigt:"
#: src/android/logging.md:52
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ adb logcat -s rust\n"
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Starting program.\n"
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: Things are going "
"fine.\n"
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Something went "
"wrong!\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Interoperability"
msgstr "# Interoperabilität"
#: src/android/interoperability.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This "
"means\n"
"that you can:"
msgstr ""
"Rust bietet eine hervorragende Unterstützung für die Interoperabilität mit "
"anderen Sprachen. Das heisst\n"
"dass du kannst:"
#: src/android/interoperability.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Call Rust functions from other languages.\n"
"* Call functions written in other languages from Rust."
msgstr ""
"* Rufen Sie Rust-Funktionen aus anderen Sprachen auf.\n"
"* Rufen Sie in anderen Sprachen geschriebene Funktionen von Rust auf."
#: src/android/interoperability.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a\n"
"_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI."
msgstr ""
"Wenn Sie Funktionen in einer Fremdsprache aufrufen, sagen wir, dass Sie a "
"verwenden\n"
"_Fremdfunktionsschnittstelle_, auch bekannt als FFI."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Interoperability with C"
msgstr "# Interoperabilität mit C"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention.\n"
"Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C."
msgstr ""
"Rust bietet volle Unterstützung für das Linken von Objektdateien mit einer C-"
"Aufrufkonvention.\n"
"Ebenso können Sie Rust-Funktionen exportieren und von C aus aufrufen."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:"
msgstr "Sie können es von Hand tun, wenn Sie möchten:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"extern \"C\" {\n"
" fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let x = -42;\n"
" let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n"
" println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper\n"
"exercise](../../exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
msgstr ""
"Wir haben dies bereits im [Safe FFI Wrapper\n"
"Übung](../../Übungen/Tag-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"> This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for\n"
"> production."
msgstr ""
"> Dies setzt vollständige Kenntnisse der Zielplattform voraus. Nicht "
"empfehlenswert für\n"
"> Produktion."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at better options next."
msgstr "Wir werden uns als nächstes bessere Optionen ansehen."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Using Bindgen"
msgstr "# Verwenden von Bindgen"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) "
"tool\n"
"can auto-generate bindings from a C header file."
msgstr ""
"Das Tool [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction."
"html).\n"
"kann Bindungen aus einer C-Header-Datei automatisch generieren."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "First create a small C library:"
msgstr "Erstellen Sie zunächst eine kleine C-Bibliothek:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:10
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"typedef struct card {\n"
" const char* name;\n"
" int years;\n"
"} card;\n"
"\n"
"void print_card(const card* card);\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:21
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"#include <stdio.h>\n"
"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
"\n"
"void print_card(const card* card) {\n"
" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
" printf(\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\", card->name);\n"
" printf(\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\", card->years);\n"
" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:"
msgstr "Fügen Sie dies zu Ihrer `Android.bp`-Datei hinzu:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:108
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:37
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"cc_library {\n"
" name: \"libbirthday\",\n"
" srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this\n"
"example):"
msgstr ""
"Erstellen Sie eine Wrapper-Header-Datei für die Bibliothek (in this\n"
"Beispiel):"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:49
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:"
msgstr "Sie können die Bindungen jetzt automatisch generieren:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:57
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_bindgen {\n"
" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n"
" crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n"
" wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n"
" source_stem: \"bindings\",\n"
" static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:67
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:"
msgstr ""
"Schließlich können wir die Bindungen in unserem Rust-Programm verwenden:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:71
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_binary {\n"
" name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n"
" srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n"
" rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:79
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:81
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"//! Bindgen demo.\n"
"\n"
"use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n"
" let card = card {\n"
" name: name.as_ptr(),\n"
" years: 42,\n"
" };\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" print_card(&card as *const card);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:100
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m print_birthday_card\n"
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/"
"tmp\"\n"
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:106
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:"
msgstr ""
"Schließlich können wir automatisch generierte Tests ausführen, um "
"sicherzustellen, dass die Bindungen funktionieren:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:110
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_test {\n"
" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
" srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
" crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
" test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n"
" auto_gen_config: true,\n"
" clippy_lints: \"none\", // Generated file, skip linting\n"
" lints: \"none\",\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:122
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Calling Rust"
msgstr "# Rust anrufen"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:"
msgstr "Der Export von Rust-Funktionen und -Typen nach C ist einfach:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"//! Rust FFI demo.\n"
"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n"
"\n"
"use std::os::raw::c_int;\n"
"\n"
"/// Analyze the numbers.\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n"
" if x < y {\n"
" println!(\"x ({x}) is smallest!\");\n"
" } else {\n"
" println!(\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:26
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n"
"#define ANALYSE_H\n"
"\n"
"extern \"C\" {\n"
"void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#endif\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:39
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_ffi {\n"
" name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n"
" crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n"
" srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n"
" include_dirs: [\".\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:"
msgstr "Wir können dies jetzt aus einer C-Binärdatei aufrufen:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:52
msgid ""
"```c\n"
"#include \"analyze.h\"\n"
"\n"
"int main() {\n"
" analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n"
" analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n"
" return 0;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:64
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"cc_binary {\n"
" name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n"
" srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n"
" static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:75
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m analyze_numbers\n"
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/"
"tmp\"\n"
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:83
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol "
"will just be the name of\n"
"the function. You can also use `#[export_name = \"some_name\"]` to specify "
"whatever name you want."
msgstr ""
"`#[no_mangle]` deaktiviert Rusts übliches Namensverstümmeln, so dass das "
"exportierte Symbol nur der Name von ist\n"
"die Funktion. Sie können auch `#[export_name = \"some_name\"]` verwenden, um "
"einen beliebigen Namen anzugeben."
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# With C++"
msgstr "# Mit C++"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [CXX crate][1] makes it possible to do safe interoperability between "
"Rust\n"
"and C++."
msgstr ""
"Die [CXX-Kiste][1] ermöglicht eine sichere Interoperabilität zwischen Rust\n"
"und C++."
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "The overall approach looks like this:"
msgstr "Der Gesamtansatz sieht wie folgt aus:"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "<img src=\"cpp/overview.svg\">"
msgstr "<img src=\"cpp/overview.svg\">"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "See the [CXX tutorial][2] for an full example of using this."
msgstr ""
"Ein vollständiges Beispiel für die Verwendung finden Sie im [CXX-Tutorial] "
"[2]."
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Interoperability with Java"
msgstr "# Interoperabilität mit Java"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface\n"
"(JNI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni`\n"
"crate](https://docs.rs/jni/) allows you to create a compatible library."
msgstr ""
"Java kann gemeinsame Objekte über [Java Native Interface\n"
"(JNI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). Die [`jni`\n"
"crate](https://docs.rs/jni/) ermöglicht es Ihnen, eine kompatible Bibliothek "
"zu erstellen."
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:"
msgstr "Zuerst erstellen wir eine Rust-Funktion zum Exportieren nach Java:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:11
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n"
"\n"
"use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n"
"use jni::sys::jstring;\n"
"use jni::JNIEnv;\n"
"\n"
"/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n"
" env: JNIEnv,\n"
" _class: JClass,\n"
" name: JString,\n"
") -> jstring {\n"
" let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n"
" let greeting = format!(\"Hello, {input}!\");\n"
" let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n"
" output.into_inner()\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:32
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:34
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"rust_ffi_shared {\n"
" name: \"libhello_jni\",\n"
" crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
" rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can call this function from Java:"
msgstr "Schließlich können wir diese Funktion von Java aus aufrufen:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
msgstr "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:47
msgid ""
"```java\n"
"class HelloWorld {\n"
" private static native String hello(String name);\n"
"\n"
" static {\n"
" System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" public static void main(String[] args) {\n"
" String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n"
" System.out.println(output);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:64
msgid ""
"```javascript\n"
"java_binary {\n"
" name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n"
" srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n"
" main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n"
" required: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:73
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:"
msgstr ""
"Schließlich können Sie die Binärdatei erstellen, synchronisieren und "
"ausführen:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:75
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ m helloworld_jni\n"
"$ adb sync # requires adb root && adb remount\n"
"$ adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:1 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:1
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:1
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:1
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Exercises"
msgstr "# Übungen"
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a group exercise: We will look at one of the projects you work with "
"and\n"
"try to integrate some Rust into it. Some suggestions:"
msgstr ""
"Für die letzte Übung schauen wir uns eines der Projekte an, mit denen Sie "
"arbeiten. Lassen Sie uns\n"
"gruppiert euch und macht das gemeinsam. Einige Vorschläge:"
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust.\n"
"\n"
"* Move a function from your project to Rust and call it."
msgstr ""
"* Verschieben Sie eine Funktion aus Ihrem Projekt nach Rust und rufen Sie "
"sie auf."
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone "
"in\n"
"the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly."
msgstr ""
"Hier wird keine Lösung bereitgestellt, da dies offen ist: Es hängt von "
"jemandem ab\n"
"Die Klasse hat einen Code, den Sie spontan an Rust übergeben können."
#: src/bare-metal.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Welcome to Bare Metal Rust"
msgstr "# Willkommen bei Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
#: src/bare-metal.md:3
msgid ""
"This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people "
"who are familiar with the\n"
"basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the Comprehensive Rust course), and "
"ideally also have some\n"
"experience with bare-metal programming in some other language such as C."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:7
msgid ""
"Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS "
"underneath us. This will\n"
"be divided into several parts:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:10
msgid ""
"- What is `no_std` Rust?\n"
"- Writing firmware for microcontrollers.\n"
"- Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors.\n"
"- Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:15
msgid ""
"For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit]"
"(https://microbit.org/) v2\n"
"as an example. It's a [development board](https://tech.microbit.org/"
"hardware/) based on the Nordic\n"
"nRF51822 microcontroller with some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected "
"accelerometer and compass, and\n"
"an on-board SWD debugger."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:20
msgid ""
"To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:22
msgid ""
"```bash\n"
"sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gdb-multiarch libudev-dev picocom pkg-"
"config qemu-system-arm\n"
"rustup update\n"
"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:30
msgid ""
"And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:32
msgid ""
"```bash\n"
"echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"usb\", ATTR{idVendor}==\"0d28\", MODE=\"0664\", "
"GROUP=\"plugdev\"' |\\\n"
" sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/50-microbit.rules\n"
"sudo udevadm control --reload-rules\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:38
msgid "On MacOS:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:40
msgid ""
"```bash\n"
"xcode-select --install\n"
"brew install gdb picocom qemu\n"
"brew install --cask gcc-aarch64-embedded\n"
"rustup update\n"
"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:1
msgid "# `no_std`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:3
msgid ""
"<table>\n"
"<tr>\n"
"<th>"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:7
msgid "`core`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:9 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:14
msgid ""
"</th>\n"
"<th>"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:12
msgid "`alloc`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:17
msgid "`std`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:19
msgid ""
"</th>\n"
"</tr>\n"
"<tr valign=\"top\">\n"
"<td>"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:24
msgid ""
"* Slices, `&str`, `CStr`\n"
"* `NonZeroU8`...\n"
"* `Option`, `Result`\n"
"* `Display`, `Debug`, `write!`...\n"
"* `Iterator`\n"
"* `panic!`, `assert_eq!`...\n"
"* `NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions\n"
"* `Future` and `async`/`await`\n"
"* `fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`...\n"
"* `Duration`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:35 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:42
msgid ""
"</td>\n"
"<td>"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:38
msgid ""
"* `Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`\n"
"* `Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`\n"
"* `String`, `CString`, `format!`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:45
msgid ""
"* `Error`\n"
"* `HashMap`\n"
"* `Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`\n"
"* `File` and the rest of `fs`\n"
"* `println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`\n"
"* `Path`, `OsString`\n"
"* `net`\n"
"* `Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`\n"
"* `spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`\n"
"* `SystemTime`, `Instant`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:56
msgid ""
"</td>\n"
"</tr>\n"
"</table>\n"
"\n"
"<details>"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:62
msgid ""
"* `HashMap` depends on RNG.\n"
"* `std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:1
msgid "# A minimal `no_std` program"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"\n"
"#[panic_handler]\n"
"fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:17
msgid ""
"* This will compile to an empty binary.\n"
"* `std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own.\n"
"* It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`.\n"
"* Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` "
"to avoid an error about\n"
" `eh_personality`.\n"
"* Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to "
"define your own entry\n"
" point. This will typically involve a linker script and some assembly code "
"to set things up ready\n"
" for Rust code to run."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:1
msgid "# `alloc`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:3
msgid ""
"To use `alloc` you must implement a\n"
"[global (heap) allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait."
"GlobalAlloc.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate alloc;\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use alloc::string::ToString;\n"
"use alloc::vec::Vec;\n"
"use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n"
"\n"
"#[global_allocator]\n"
"static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n"
"\n"
"static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n"
"\n"
"pub fn entry() {\n"
" // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called "
"once.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n"
" HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n"
" .lock()\n"
" .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n"
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
" v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:39
msgid ""
"* `buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy "
"system allocator. Other\n"
" crates are available, or you can write your own or hook into your existing "
"allocator.\n"
"* The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i."
"e. in this case it can\n"
" allocate regions of up to 2**32 bytes.\n"
"* If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have "
"exactly one global\n"
" allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in the top-level "
"binary crate.\n"
"* `extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the "
"`panic_halt` crate is linked in so\n"
" we get its panic handler.\n"
"* This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:1
msgid "# Microcontrollers"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:3
msgid ""
"The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for "
"Cortex M microcontrollers."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"mod interrupts;\n"
"\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:21
msgid ""
"Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of "
"abstraction."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:25
msgid ""
"* The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -"
"> !`, because returning\n"
" to the reset handler doesn't make sense.\n"
"* Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:1
msgid "# Raw MMIO"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:3
msgid ""
"Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try "
"turning on an LED on our\n"
"micro:bit:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"mod interrupts;\n"
"\n"
"use core::mem::size_of;\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"\n"
"/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n"
"const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;\n"
"\n"
"// GPIO peripheral offsets\n"
"const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;\n"
"const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;\n"
"const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;\n"
"\n"
"// PIN_CNF fields\n"
"const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;\n"
"const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;\n"
"const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;\n"
"const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;\n"
"const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
" let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut "
"u32;\n"
" let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut "
"u32;\n"
" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, "
"and\n"
" // no aliases exist.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(\n"
" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | "
"SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
" );\n"
" pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(\n"
" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | "
"SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
" );\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
" let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;\n"
" let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;\n"
" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, "
"and\n"
" // no aliases exist.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);\n"
" gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:64
msgid ""
"* GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin "
"28 to the first row."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:66
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:59
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:43
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:34
msgid "Run the example with:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:68
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin mmio\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:1
msgid "# Peripheral Access Crates"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:3
msgid ""
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust "
"wrappers for\n"
"memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/pack/doc/"
"CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html)\n"
"files."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"use nrf52833_pac::Peripherals;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
" let gpio0 = p.P0;\n"
"\n"
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
" gpio0.pin_cnf[21].write(|w| {\n"
" w.dir().output();\n"
" w.input().disconnect();\n"
" w.pull().disabled();\n"
" w.drive().s0s1();\n"
" w.sense().disabled();\n"
" w\n"
" });\n"
" gpio0.pin_cnf[28].write(|w| {\n"
" w.dir().output();\n"
" w.input().disconnect();\n"
" w.pull().disabled();\n"
" w.drive().s0s1();\n"
" w.sense().disabled();\n"
" w\n"
" });\n"
"\n"
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
" gpio0.outclr.write(|w| w.pin28().clear());\n"
" gpio0.outset.write(|w| w.pin21().set());\n"
"\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:49
msgid ""
"* SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by "
"silicon vendors which\n"
" describe the memory map of the device.\n"
" * They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, "
"descriptions, addresses\n"
" and so on.\n"
" * SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects "
"which patch the\n"
" mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated crates.\n"
"* `cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things.\n"
"* If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run\n"
" `cargo objdump --bin pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting "
"binary."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:61
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin pac\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:1
msgid "# HAL crates"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:3
msgid ""
"[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-"
"implementation-crates) for\n"
"many microcontrollers provide wrappers around various peripherals. These "
"generally implement traits\n"
"from [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"use nrf52833_hal::gpio::{p0, Level};\n"
"use nrf52833_hal::pac::Peripherals;\n"
"use nrf52833_hal::prelude::*;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" // Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n"
" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
"\n"
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
" let mut col1 = gpio0.p0_28.into_push_pull_output(Level::High);\n"
" let mut row1 = gpio0.p0_21.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
"\n"
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
" col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
" row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:39
msgid ""
" * `set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` "
"trait.\n"
" * HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various "
"STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP,\n"
" MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:45
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin hal\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Board support crates"
msgstr "# Tastaturkürzel"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:3
msgid ""
"Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific "
"board for convenience."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n"
"use microbit::Board;\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" let mut board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" board.display_pins.col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
" board.display_pins.row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:28
msgid ""
" * In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, "
"and a bit of\n"
" initialisation.\n"
" * The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of "
"the microcontroller\n"
" itself.\n"
" * `microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:36
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin board_support\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:1
msgid "# The type state pattern"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:3
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
"\n"
" let pin: P0_01<Disconnected> = gpio0.p0_01;\n"
"\n"
" // let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n"
" let pin_input: P0_01<Input<Floating>> = pin.into_floating_input();\n"
" if pin_input.is_high().unwrap() {\n"
" // ...\n"
" }\n"
" let mut pin_output: P0_01<Output<OpenDrain>> = pin_input\n"
" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, "
"Level::Low);\n"
" pin_output.set_high().unwrap();\n"
" // pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n"
"\n"
" let _pin2: P0_02<Output<OpenDrain>> = gpio0\n"
" .p0_02\n"
" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, "
"Level::Low);\n"
" let _pin3: P0_03<Output<PushPull>> = gpio0.p0_03."
"into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
"\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:32
msgid ""
" * Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can "
"exist. Once a pin is\n"
" moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it.\n"
" * Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you "
"can’t keep use the old\n"
" instance afterwards.\n"
" * The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, "
"the configuration state\n"
" of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into the type system, and "
"ensures that you don't\n"
" try to use a pin in a certain way without properly configuring it first. "
"Illegal state\n"
" transitions are caught at compile time.\n"
" * You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, "
"but not vice-versa.\n"
" * Many HAL crates follow this pattern."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:1
msgid "# `embedded-hal`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:3
msgid ""
"The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a "
"number of traits\n"
"covering common microcontroller peripherals."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:6
msgid ""
" * GPIO\n"
" * ADC\n"
" * I2C, SPI, UART, CAN\n"
" * RNG\n"
" * Timers\n"
" * Watchdogs"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:13
msgid ""
"Other crates then implement\n"
"[drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#driver-"
"crates) in terms of these\n"
"traits, e.g. an accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus "
"implementation."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:19
msgid ""
" * There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other "
"platforms such as Linux on\n"
"Raspberry Pi.\n"
" * There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it "
"isn't stable yet."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:1
msgid "# `probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:3
msgid ""
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, "
"like OpenOCD but better\n"
"integrated."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6
msgid ""
"* <abbr title=\"Serial Wire Debug\">SWD</abbr> and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-"
"Link and J-Link probes\n"
"* GDB stub and Microsoft <abbr title=\"Debug Adapter Protocol\">DAP</abbr> "
"server\n"
"* Cargo integration"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:10
msgid ""
"`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log\n"
"<abbr title=\"Real Time Transfers\">RTT</abbr> output and connect GDB. It's "
"configured by an\n"
"`Embed.toml` file in your project directory."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:16
msgid ""
"* [CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is "
"an Arm standard\n"
" protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the CoreSight Debug "
"Access Port of various\n"
" Arm Cortex processors. It's what the on-board debugger on the BBC micro:"
"bit uses.\n"
"* ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-"
"Link is a range from\n"
" SEGGER.\n"
"* The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin "
"Serial Wire Debug.\n"
"* probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you "
"want to.\n"
"* The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-"
"adapter-protocol/) lets\n"
" VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any supported "
"microcontroller.\n"
"* cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library.\n"
"* RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the "
"debug host and the target\n"
" through a number of ringbuffers."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Debugging"
msgstr "# Protokollierung"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:3
msgid "Embed.toml:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:5
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[default.general]\n"
"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n"
"\n"
"[debug.gdb]\n"
"enabled = true\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:13
msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:15
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"cargo embed --bin board_support debug\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:"
msgstr ""
"Überprüfen Sie in einem anderen Terminal, ob der Dienst ausgeführt wird:"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:21
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"gdb-multiarch target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/board_support --eval-"
"command=\"target remote :1337\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:27
msgid "In GDB, try running:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:29
msgid ""
"```gdb\n"
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:29\n"
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:30\n"
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:32\n"
"c\n"
"c\n"
"c\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:1
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:1
msgid "# Other projects"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:3
msgid ""
" * [RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)\n"
" * \"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\"\n"
" * Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer "
"queue\n"
" * [Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)\n"
" * `async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB\n"
" * [TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)\n"
" * Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection "
"Unit support\n"
" * [Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)\n"
" * Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, "
"unprivileged drivers, IPC\n"
" * [Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)\n"
" * Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g.\n"
" [esp-idf](https://esp-rs.github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-"
"library.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:18
msgid ""
" * RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework.\n"
" * It doesn't include any HALs.\n"
" * It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for "
"scheduling rather than a\n"
" proper kernel.\n"
" * Cortex-M only.\n"
" * Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys.\n"
" * FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing "
"applications."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:3
msgid ""
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
"serial port."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Compass"
msgstr "# Vergleich"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:3
msgid ""
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
"serial port. If you have\n"
"time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or use the buttons somehow."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:6
msgid "Hints:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:8
msgid ""
"- Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/"
"latest/lsm303agr/) and\n"
" [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/) crates, as "
"well as the\n"
" [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/).\n"
"- The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C "
"bus.\n"
"- TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM.\n"
"- The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::"
"blocking::i2c::WriteRead`\n"
" trait. The\n"
" [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/"
"struct.Twim.html) struct\n"
" implements this.\n"
"- You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/"
"struct.Board.html)\n"
" struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals.\n"
"- You can also look at the\n"
" [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi.com/pdf/"
"nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but\n"
" it shouldn't be necessary for this exercise."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:23
msgid ""
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and "
"look in the `compass`\n"
"directory for the following files."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:26 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "`src/main.rs`:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:28 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:21
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:17
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:55
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:11
msgid "<!-- File src/main.rs -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:30
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"use microbit::{hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte}, Board};\n"
"\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" // Configure serial port.\n"
" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
" board.UARTE0,\n"
" board.uart.into(),\n"
" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
" );\n"
"\n"
" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
" // TODO\n"
"\n"
" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" loop {\n"
" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
" // TODO\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:64 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:385
msgid "`Cargo.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:66 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:387
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:63
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:35
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:60
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:17
msgid "<!-- File Cargo.toml -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:68
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[workspace]\n"
"\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"compass\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"publish = false\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"cortex-m-rt = \"0.7.3\"\n"
"embedded-hal = \"0.2.6\"\n"
"lsm303agr = \"0.2.2\"\n"
"microbit-v2 = \"0.13.0\"\n"
"panic-halt = \"0.2.0\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:85
msgid "`Embed.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:87
msgid "<!-- File Embed.toml -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:89
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[default.general]\n"
"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n"
"\n"
"[debug.gdb]\n"
"enabled = true\n"
"\n"
"[debug.reset]\n"
"halt_afterwards = true\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:100 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:985
msgid "`.cargo/config.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:102 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:987
msgid "<!-- File .cargo/config.toml -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:104
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[build]\n"
"target = \"thumbv7em-none-eabihf\" # Cortex-M4F\n"
"\n"
"[target.'cfg(all(target_arch = \"arm\", target_os = \"none\"))']\n"
"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Tlink.x\"]\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:112
msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:114
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/ttyACM0\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:118
msgid ""
"Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:120
msgid ""
"```sh\n"
"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/tty.usbmodem14502\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:124
msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:1
msgid "# Application processors"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:3
msgid ""
"So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. "
"Now let's try writing\n"
"something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work with QEMU's aarch64\n"
"['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/virt.html) board."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:9
msgid ""
"* Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of "
"privilege (exception\n"
" levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application processors do.\n"
"* QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for "
"each architecture. The\n"
" 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real hardware, but is "
"designed purely for\n"
" virtual machines."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:1
msgid "# Inline assembly"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:3
msgid ""
"Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with "
"Rust code. For example,\n"
"to make an <abbr title=\"hypervisor call\">HVC</abbr> to tell the firmware "
"to power off the system:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"use core::arch::asm;\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"\n"
"const PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF: u32 = 0x84000008;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(_x0: u64, _x1: u64, _x2: u64, _x3: u64) {\n"
" // Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n"
" // anything with memory.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" asm!(\"hvc #0\",\n"
" inout(\"w0\") PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF => _,\n"
" inout(\"w1\") 0 => _,\n"
" inout(\"w2\") 0 => _,\n"
" inout(\"w3\") 0 => _,\n"
" inout(\"w4\") 0 => _,\n"
" inout(\"w5\") 0 => _,\n"
" inout(\"w6\") 0 => _,\n"
" inout(\"w7\") 0 => _,\n"
" options(nomem, nostack)\n"
" );\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:39
msgid ""
"(If you actually want to do this, use the [`smccc`][1] crate which has "
"wrappers for all these functions.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:43
msgid ""
"* PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of "
"functions to manage system\n"
" and CPU power states, among other things. It is implemented by EL3 "
"firmware and hypervisors on\n"
" many systems.\n"
"* The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the "
"inline assembly code,\n"
" and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use `inout` rather than "
"`in` because the call could\n"
" potentially clobber the contents of the registers.\n"
"* This `main` function needs to be `#[no_mangle]` and `extern \"C\"` because "
"it is called from our\n"
" entry point in `entry.S`.\n"
"* `_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are "
"conventionally used by the bootloader\n"
" to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. According to the "
"standard aarch64 calling\n"
" convention (which is what `extern \"C\"` specifies to use), registers `x0`–"
"`x7` are used for the\n"
" first 8 arguments passed to a function, so `entry.S` doesn't need to do "
"anything special except\n"
" make sure it doesn't change these registers.\n"
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
"examples`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:1
msgid "# Volatile memory access for MMIO"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:3
msgid ""
" * Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`.\n"
" * Never hold a reference.\n"
" * `addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an "
"intermediate reference."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:9
msgid ""
" * Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so "
"prevent the compiler or\n"
" hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them.\n"
" * Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the "
"compiler may assume that\n"
" the value read is the same as the value just written, and not bother "
"actually reading memory.\n"
" * Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, "
"but this is unsound.\n"
" Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to dereference it.\n"
" * Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to "
"the struct."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:1
msgid "# Let's write a UART driver"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:3
msgid ""
"The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011][1] UART, so let's write a driver for "
"that."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n"
"const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n"
"const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n"
"\n"
"/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"pub struct Uart {\n"
" base_address: *mut u8,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Uart {\n"
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at "
"the\n"
" /// given base address.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// # Safety\n"
" ///\n"
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of "
"a\n"
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
"process\n"
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n"
" Self { base_address }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
" self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n"
" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET)."
"read_volatile() }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:55
msgid ""
"* Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is "
"because as long as the\n"
" caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety requirements are met (i."
"e. that there is only\n"
" ever one instance of the driver for a given UART, and nothing else "
"aliasing its address space),\n"
" then it is always safe to call `write_byte` later because we can assume "
"the necessary\n"
" preconditions.\n"
"* We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but "
"`write_byte` unsafe), but that\n"
" would be much less convenient to use as every place that calls "
"`write_byte` would need to reason\n"
" about the safety\n"
"* This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving "
"the burden of proof for\n"
" soundness from a large number of places to a smaller number of places."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:66
#, fuzzy
msgid "</detais>"
msgstr "</details>"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# More traits"
msgstr "# Züge"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:3
msgid ""
"We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more "
"traits too."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n"
"\n"
"impl Write for Uart {\n"
" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
" self.write_byte(*c);\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(())\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
"// accessed from any context.\n"
"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:24
msgid ""
"* Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with "
"our `Uart` type.\n"
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
"examples`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:1
msgid "# A better UART driver"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:3
msgid ""
"The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers][1], and adding offsets to "
"construct pointers to access\n"
"them is error-prone and hard to read. Plus, some of them are bit fields "
"which would be nice to\n"
"access in a structured way."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
msgid ""
"| Offset | Register name | Width |\n"
"| ------ | ------------- | ----- |\n"
"| 0x00 | DR | 12 |\n"
"| 0x04 | RSR | 4 |\n"
"| 0x18 | FR | 9 |\n"
"| 0x20 | ILPR | 8 |\n"
"| 0x24 | IBRD | 16 |\n"
"| 0x28 | FBRD | 6 |\n"
"| 0x2c | LCR_H | 8 |\n"
"| 0x30 | CR | 16 |\n"
"| 0x34 | IFLS | 6 |\n"
"| 0x38 | IMSC | 11 |\n"
"| 0x3c | RIS | 11 |\n"
"| 0x40 | MIS | 11 |\n"
"| 0x44 | ICR | 11 |\n"
"| 0x48 | DMACR | 3 |"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:26
msgid "- There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:1
msgid "# Bitflags"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:3
msgid ""
"The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for "
"working with bitflags."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
"\n"
"bitflags! {\n"
" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
" struct Flags: u16 {\n"
" /// Clear to send.\n"
" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
" /// Data set ready.\n"
" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
" /// Data carrier detect.\n"
" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
" /// Ring indicator.\n"
" const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:37
msgid ""
"* The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along "
"with a bunch of method\n"
" implementations to get and set flags."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:1
msgid "# Multiple registers"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:3
msgid ""
"We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
"struct Registers {\n"
" dr: u16,\n"
" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n"
" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n"
" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n"
" fr: Flags,\n"
" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n"
" ilpr: u8,\n"
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
" ibrd: u16,\n"
" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n"
" fbrd: u8,\n"
" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n"
" lcr_h: u8,\n"
" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n"
" cr: u16,\n"
" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n"
" ifls: u8,\n"
" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n"
" imsc: u16,\n"
" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n"
" ris: u16,\n"
" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n"
" mis: u16,\n"
" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n"
" icr: u16,\n"
" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n"
" dmacr: u8,\n"
" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:41
msgid ""
"* [`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-"
"representation) tells\n"
" the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, following the same "
"rules as C. This is\n"
" necessary for our struct to have a predictable layout, as default Rust "
"representation allows the\n"
" compiler to (among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:1
msgid "# Driver"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:3
msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"pub struct Uart {\n"
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Uart {\n"
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at "
"the\n"
" /// given base address.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// # Safety\n"
" ///\n"
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of "
"a\n"
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
"process\n"
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
" Self {\n"
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been "
"received.\n"
" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
" None\n"
" } else {\n"
" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)."
"read_volatile() };\n"
" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
" Some(data as u8)\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:64
msgid ""
"* Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual "
"fields without creating\n"
" an intermediate reference, which would be unsound."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:1
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Using it"
msgstr "# Verwenden von Bindgen"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:3
msgid ""
"Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, "
"and echo incoming\n"
"bytes."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"mod pl011;\n"
"\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"use log::error;\n"
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
"device,\n"
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
" let mut uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
"\n"
" writeln!(uart, \"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\").unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" loop {\n"
" if let Some(b) = uart.read_byte() {\n"
" uart.write_byte(b);\n"
" match b {\n"
" b'\\r' => {\n"
" uart.write_byte(b'\\n');\n"
" }\n"
" b'q' => break,\n"
" _ => {}\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" writeln!(uart, \"Bye!\").unwrap();\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:51
msgid ""
"* As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` "
"function is called from our\n"
" entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker notes there for details.\n"
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
"examples`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:3
msgid ""
"It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`][1] "
"crate. We can do this by\n"
"implementing the `Log` trait."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
"\n"
"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"struct Logger {\n"
" uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Log for Logger {\n"
" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
" true\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
" writeln!(\n"
" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
" \"[{}] {}\",\n"
" record.level(),\n"
" record.args()\n"
" )\n"
" .unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn flush(&self) {}\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), "
"SetLoggerError> {\n"
" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
"\n"
" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:50
msgid ""
"* The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling "
"`set_logger`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:3
msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"mod logger;\n"
"mod pl011;\n"
"\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n"
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
"device,\n"
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" info!(\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\");\n"
"\n"
" assert_eq!(x1, 42);\n"
"\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[panic_handler]\n"
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
" error!(\"{info}\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:46
msgid ""
"* Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics.\n"
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
"examples`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:3
msgid ""
" * [oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)\n"
" * \"coreboot without the C\"\n"
" * Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V.\n"
" * Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself.\n"
" * [Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-"
"raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)\n"
" * Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, "
"exception handling, page tables\n"
" * Not all very well written, so beware.\n"
" * [`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)\n"
" * Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:1
msgid "# Useful crates"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:3
msgid ""
"We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal "
"programming."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:1
msgid "# `zerocopy`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:3
msgid ""
"The [`zerocopy`][1] crate (from Fuchsia) provides traits and macros for "
"safely converting between\n"
"byte sequences and other types."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use zerocopy::AsBytes;\n"
"\n"
"#[repr(u32)]\n"
"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n"
"enum RequestType {\n"
" #[default]\n"
" In = 0,\n"
" Out = 1,\n"
" Flush = 4,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[repr(C)]\n"
"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n"
"struct VirtioBlockRequest {\n"
" request_type: RequestType,\n"
" reserved: u32,\n"
" sector: u64,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let request = VirtioBlockRequest {\n"
" request_type: RequestType::Flush,\n"
" sector: 42,\n"
" ..Default::default()\n"
" };\n"
"\n"
" assert_eq!(\n"
" request.as_bytes(),\n"
" &[4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n"
" );\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:40
msgid ""
"This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), "
"but can be useful for\n"
"working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by DMA, or sent over some "
"external interface."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:45
msgid ""
"* `FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is "
"valid, and so can safely be\n"
" converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes.\n"
"* Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because "
"`RequestType` doesn't use all\n"
" possible u32 values as discriminants, so not all byte patterns are valid.\n"
"* `zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives.\n"
"* Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
"zerocopy-example/`. (It won't\n"
" run in the Playground because of the crate dependency.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:1
msgid "# `aarch64-paging`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:3
msgid ""
"The [`aarch64-paging`][1] crate lets you create page tables according to the "
"AArch64 Virtual Memory\n"
"System Architecture."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use aarch64_paging::{\n"
" idmap::IdMap,\n"
" paging::{Attributes, MemoryRegion},\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"const ASID: usize = 1;\n"
"const ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;\n"
"\n"
"// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n"
"let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);\n"
"// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n"
"idmap.map_range(\n"
" &MemoryRegion::new(0x80200000, 0x80400000),\n"
" Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,\n"
").unwrap();\n"
"// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n"
"idmap.activate();\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:28
msgid ""
"* For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels "
"should be straightforward to\n"
" add.\n"
"* This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware][2].\n"
"* There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real "
"hardware or under QEMU."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:1
msgid "# `buddy_system_allocator`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:3
msgid ""
"[`buddy_system_allocator`][1] is a third-party crate implementing a basic "
"buddy system allocator.\n"
"It can be used both for [`LockedHeap`][2] implementing [`GlobalAlloc`][3] so "
"you can use the\n"
"standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before][4]), or for allocating other "
"address space. For example,\n"
"we might want to allocate MMIO space for PCI BARs:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use buddy_system_allocator::FrameAllocator;\n"
"use core::alloc::Layout;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut allocator = FrameAllocator::<32>::new();\n"
" allocator.add_frame(0x200_0000, 0x400_0000);\n"
"\n"
" let layout = Layout::from_size_align(0x100, 0x100).unwrap();\n"
" let bar = allocator\n"
" .alloc_aligned(layout)\n"
" .expect(\"Failed to allocate 0x100 byte MMIO region\");\n"
" println!(\"Allocated 0x100 byte MMIO region at {:#x}\", bar);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:26
msgid ""
"* PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size.\n"
"* Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
"allocator-example/`. (It won't\n"
" run in the Playground because of the crate dependency.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:1
msgid "# `tinyvec`"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:3
msgid ""
"Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without "
"heap allocation.\n"
"[`tinyvec`][1] provides this: a vector backed by an array or slice, which "
"could be statically\n"
"allocated or on the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used "
"and panics if you try to\n"
"use more than are allocated."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use tinyvec::{array_vec, ArrayVec};\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut numbers: ArrayVec<[u32; 5]> = array_vec!(42, 66);\n"
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
" numbers.push(7);\n"
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
" numbers.remove(1);\n"
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:23
msgid ""
"* `tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for "
"initialisation.\n"
"* The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine "
"inline."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `spin`"
msgstr "## `statisch`"
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:3
msgid ""
"`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` "
"are not available in\n"
"`core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or interior mutability, "
"such as for sharing\n"
"state between different CPUs?"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:7
msgid ""
"The [`spin`][1] crate provides spinlock-based equivalents of many of these "
"primitives."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:9
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
"\n"
"static counter: SpinMutex<u32> = SpinMutex::new(0);\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n"
" *counter.lock() += 2;\n"
" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:23
msgid ""
"* Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers.\n"
"* `spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of "
"`RwLock`, `Barrier` and `Once`\n"
" from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation.\n"
"* The [`once_cell`][2] crate also has some useful types for late "
"initialisation with a slightly\n"
" different approach to `spin::once::Once`.\n"
"* The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/android.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Android"
msgstr "# Android"
#: src/bare-metal/android.md:3
msgid ""
"To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a "
"`rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build\n"
"your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` with a linker script to produce the "
"binary itself, and then a\n"
"`raw_binary` to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/android.md:7
msgid ""
"```soong\n"
"rust_ffi_static {\n"
" name: \"libvmbase_example\",\n"
" defaults: [\"vmbase_ffi_defaults\"],\n"
" crate_name: \"vmbase_example\",\n"
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
" rustlibs: [\n"
" \"libvmbase\",\n"
" ],\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"cc_binary {\n"
" name: \"vmbase_example\",\n"
" defaults: [\"vmbase_elf_defaults\"],\n"
" srcs: [\n"
" \"idmap.S\",\n"
" ],\n"
" static_libs: [\n"
" \"libvmbase_example\",\n"
" ],\n"
" linker_scripts: [\n"
" \"image.ld\",\n"
" \":vmbase_sections\",\n"
" ],\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"raw_binary {\n"
" name: \"vmbase_example_bin\",\n"
" stem: \"vmbase_example.bin\",\n"
" src: \":vmbase_example\",\n"
" enabled: false,\n"
" target: {\n"
" android_arm64: {\n"
" enabled: true,\n"
" },\n"
" },\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:1
msgid "# vmbase"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:3
msgid ""
"For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase][1] library provides a "
"linker script and useful\n"
"defaults for the build rules, along with an entry point, UART console "
"logging and more."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"use vmbase::{main, println};\n"
"\n"
"main!(main);\n"
"\n"
"pub fn main(arg0: u64, arg1: u64, arg2: u64, arg3: u64) {\n"
" println!(\"Hello world\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:21
msgid ""
"* The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` "
"entry point.\n"
"* The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a "
"PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown\n"
" the VM if your main function returns."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:3
msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:1
msgid "# RTC driver"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:3
msgid ""
"The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031][1] real-time clock at 0x9010000. "
"For this exercise, you\n"
"should write a driver for it."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:6
msgid ""
"1. Use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use the "
"[`chrono`][2] crate for\n"
" date/time formatting.\n"
"2. Use the match register and raw interrupt status to busy-wait until a "
"given time, e.g. 3 seconds\n"
" in the future. (Call [`core::hint::spin_loop`][3] inside the loop.)\n"
"3. _Extension if you have time:_ Enable and handle the interrupt generated "
"by the RTC match. You can\n"
" use the driver provided in the [`arm-gic`][4] crate to configure the Arm "
"Generic Interrupt Controller.\n"
" - Use the RTC interrupt, which is wired to the GIC as `IntId::spi(2)`.\n"
" - Once the interrupt is enabled, you can put the core to sleep via "
"`arm_gic::wfi()`, which will cause the core to sleep until it receives an "
"interrupt.\n"
" "
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:16
msgid ""
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and "
"look in the `rtc`\n"
"directory for the following files."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:23
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"mod logger;\n"
"mod pl011;\n"
"\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n"
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n"
"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n"
"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
"device,\n"
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the "
"base\n"
" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n"
" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n"
" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, "
"GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
" gic.setup();\n"
"\n"
" // TODO: Create instance of RTC driver and print current time.\n"
"\n"
" // TODO: Wait for 3 seconds.\n"
"\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[panic_handler]\n"
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
" error!(\"{info}\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:75
msgid ""
"`src/exceptions.rs` (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of "
"the exercise):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:77
msgid "<!-- File src/exceptions.rs -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:79
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
"use log::{error, info, trace};\n"
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" trace!(\"irq_current\");\n"
" let intid = GicV3::get_and_acknowledge_interrupt().expect(\"No pending "
"interrupt\");\n"
" info!(\"IRQ {intid:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"fiq_current\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"serr_current\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"sync_lower\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"irq_lower\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
" error!(\"serr_lower\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:149
msgid "`src/logger.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:151
msgid "<!-- File src/logger.rs -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:153
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
"\n"
"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
"};\n"
"\n"
"struct Logger {\n"
" uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Log for Logger {\n"
" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
" true\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
" writeln!(\n"
" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
" \"[{}] {}\",\n"
" record.level(),\n"
" record.args()\n"
" )\n"
" .unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn flush(&self) {}\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), "
"SetLoggerError> {\n"
" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
"\n"
" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:210
msgid "`src/pl011.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:212
msgid "<!-- File src/pl011.rs -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:214
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"#![allow(unused)]\n"
"\n"
"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n"
"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Flags\n"
"use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
"\n"
"bitflags! {\n"
" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
" struct Flags: u16 {\n"
" /// Clear to send.\n"
" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
" /// Data set ready.\n"
" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
" /// Data carrier detect.\n"
" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
" /// Ring indicator.\n"
" const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n"
"\n"
"bitflags! {\n"
" /// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n"
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
" struct ReceiveStatus: u16 {\n"
" /// Framing error.\n"
" const FE = 1 << 0;\n"
" /// Parity error.\n"
" const PE = 1 << 1;\n"
" /// Break error.\n"
" const BE = 1 << 2;\n"
" /// Overrun error.\n"
" const OE = 1 << 3;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Registers\n"
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
"struct Registers {\n"
" dr: u16,\n"
" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n"
" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n"
" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n"
" fr: Flags,\n"
" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n"
" ilpr: u8,\n"
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
" ibrd: u16,\n"
" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n"
" fbrd: u8,\n"
" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n"
" lcr_h: u8,\n"
" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n"
" cr: u16,\n"
" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n"
" ifls: u8,\n"
" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n"
" imsc: u16,\n"
" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n"
" ris: u16,\n"
" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n"
" mis: u16,\n"
" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n"
" icr: u16,\n"
" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n"
" dmacr: u8,\n"
" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Uart\n"
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"pub struct Uart {\n"
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Uart {\n"
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at "
"the\n"
" /// given base address.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// # Safety\n"
" ///\n"
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of "
"a\n"
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
"process\n"
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
" Self {\n"
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe {\n"
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been "
"received.\n"
" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
" None\n"
" } else {\n"
" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)."
"read_volatile() };\n"
" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
" Some(data as u8)\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n"
"\n"
"impl Write for Uart {\n"
" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
" self.write_byte(*c);\n"
" }\n"
" Ok(())\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
"// accessed from any context.\n"
"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:389
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[workspace]\n"
"\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"rtc\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"publish = false\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"arm-gic = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"bitflags = \"2.0.0\"\n"
"chrono = { version = \"0.4.24\", default-features = false }\n"
"log = \"0.4.17\"\n"
"smccc = \"0.1.1\"\n"
"spin = \"0.9.8\"\n"
"\n"
"[build-dependencies]\n"
"cc = \"1.0.73\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:410
msgid "`build.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:412
msgid "<!-- File build.rs -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:414
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"use cc::Build;\n"
"use std::env;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" #[cfg(target_os = \"linux\")]\n"
" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-linux-gnu\");\n"
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"linux\"))]\n"
" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-none-elf\");\n"
"\n"
" Build::new()\n"
" .file(\"entry.S\")\n"
" .file(\"exceptions.S\")\n"
" .file(\"idmap.S\")\n"
" .compile(\"empty\")\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:446
msgid "`entry.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:448
msgid "<!-- File entry.S -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:450
msgid ""
"```armasm\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
".macro adr_l, reg:req, sym:req\n"
"\tadrp \\reg, \\sym\n"
"\tadd \\reg, \\reg, :lo12:\\sym\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
".macro mov_i, reg:req, imm:req\n"
"\tmovz \\reg, :abs_g3:\\imm\n"
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g2_nc:\\imm\n"
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g1_nc:\\imm\n"
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g0_nc:\\imm\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
".set .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE,\t0x04\n"
".set .L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA,\t0xff\n"
".set .Lmairval, .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE | (.L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA << 8)\n"
"\n"
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR0_EL1. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_TG0_4KB, 0x0 << 14\n"
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR1_EL1. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_TG1_4KB, 0x2 << 30\n"
"/* Disable translation table walk for TTBR1_EL1, generating a translation "
"fault instead. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_EPD1, 0x1 << 23\n"
"/* Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner sharable. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_SH_INNER, 0x3 << 12\n"
"/*\n"
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are outer write-back read-allocate "
"write-allocate\n"
" * cacheable.\n"
" */\n"
".set .L_TCR_RGN_OWB, 0x1 << 10\n"
"/*\n"
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner write-back read-allocate "
"write-allocate\n"
" * cacheable.\n"
" */\n"
".set .L_TCR_RGN_IWB, 0x1 << 8\n"
"/* Size offset for TTBR0_EL1 is 2**39 bytes (512 GiB). */\n"
".set .L_TCR_T0SZ_512, 64 - 39\n"
".set .Ltcrval, .L_TCR_TG0_4KB | .L_TCR_TG1_4KB | .L_TCR_EPD1 | ."
"L_TCR_RGN_OWB\n"
".set .Ltcrval, .Ltcrval | .L_TCR_RGN_IWB | .L_TCR_SH_INNER | ."
"L_TCR_T0SZ_512\n"
"\n"
"/* Stage 1 instruction access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_I, 0x1 << 12\n"
"/* SP alignment fault if SP is not aligned to a 16 byte boundary. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA, 0x1 << 3\n"
"/* Stage 1 data access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_C, 0x1 << 2\n"
"/* EL0 and EL1 stage 1 MMU enabled. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_M, 0x1 << 0\n"
"/* Privileged Access Never is unchanged on taking an exception to EL1. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0x1 << 23\n"
"/* SETEND instruction disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0x1 << 8\n"
"/* Various IT instructions are disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD, 0x1 << 7\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1, (0x1 << 11) | (0x1 << 20) | (0x1 << 22) | (0x1 << "
"28) | (0x1 << 29)\n"
".set .Lsctlrval, .L_SCTLR_ELx_M | .L_SCTLR_ELx_C | .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA | ."
"L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED\n"
".set .Lsctlrval, .Lsctlrval | .L_SCTLR_ELx_I | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN | ."
"L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * This is a generic entry point for an image. It carries out the operations "
"required to prepare the\n"
" * loaded image to be run. Specifically, it zeroes the bss section using "
"registers x25 and above,\n"
" * prepares the stack, enables floating point, and sets up the exception "
"vector. It preserves x0-x3\n"
" * for the Rust entry point, as these may contain boot parameters.\n"
" */\n"
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
".global entry\n"
"entry:\n"
"\t/* Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable MMU "
"and caches. */\n"
"\tadrp x30, idmap\n"
"\tmsr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\tmov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
"\tmsr mair_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\tmov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
"\t/* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
"\tmrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
"\tbfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
"\n"
"\tmsr tcr_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\tmov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate any "
"potentially stale\n"
"\t * local TLB entries before they start being used.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\ttlbi vmalle1\n"
"\tic iallu\n"
"\tdsb nsh\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until "
"this has completed.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\tmsr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
"\tmrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
"\torr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
"\tmsr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
"\tadr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
"\tadr_l x30, bss_end\n"
"0:\tcmp x29, x30\n"
"\tb.hs 1f\n"
"\tstp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
"\tb 0b\n"
"\n"
"1:\t/* Prepare the stack. */\n"
"\tadr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
"\tmov sp, x30\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Set up exception vector. */\n"
"\tadr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
"\tmsr vbar_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Call into Rust code. */\n"
"\tbl main\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
"2:\twfi\n"
"\tb 2b\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:595
msgid "`exceptions.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:597
msgid "<!-- File exceptions.S -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:599
msgid ""
"```armasm\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * Saves the volatile registers onto the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers with 18 "
"instructions\n"
" * left.\n"
" *\n"
" * On return, x0 and x1 are initialised to elr_el2 and spsr_el2 "
"respectively,\n"
" * which can be used as the first and second arguments of a subsequent "
"call.\n"
" */\n"
".macro save_volatile_to_stack\n"
"\t/* Reserve stack space and save registers x0-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #-(8 * 24)]!\n"
"\tstp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
"\tstp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
"\tstp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
"\tstp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
"\tstp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
"\tstp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
"\tstp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
"\tstp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
"\tstr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
"\tstp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Save elr_el1 & spsr_el1. This such that we can take nested exception\n"
"\t * and still be able to unwind.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\tmrs x0, elr_el1\n"
"\tmrs x1, spsr_el1\n"
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * Restores the volatile registers from the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers while still leaving "
"18\n"
" * instructions left; if paired with save_volatile_to_stack, there are 4\n"
" * instructions to spare.\n"
" */\n"
".macro restore_volatile_from_stack\n"
"\t/* Restore registers x2-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
"\tldp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
"\tldp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
"\tldp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
"\tldp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
"\tldp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
"\tldp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
"\tldp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
"\tldp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
"\tldr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
"\tldp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Restore registers elr_el1 & spsr_el1, using x0 & x1 as scratch. */\n"
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
"\tmsr elr_el1, x0\n"
"\tmsr spsr_el1, x1\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Restore x0 & x1, and release stack space. */\n"
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp], #8 * 24\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while "
"using\n"
" * SP0. It behaves similarly to the SPx case by first switching to SPx, "
"doing\n"
" * the work, then switching back to SP0 before returning.\n"
" *\n"
" * Switching to SPx and calling the Rust handler takes 16 instructions. To\n"
" * restore and return we need an additional 16 instructions, so we can "
"implement\n"
" * the whole handler within the allotted 32 instructions.\n"
" */\n"
".macro current_exception_sp0 handler:req\n"
"\tmsr spsel, #1\n"
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
"\tbl \\handler\n"
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
"\tmsr spsel, #0\n"
"\teret\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while "
"using\n"
" * SPx. It saves volatile registers, calls the Rust handler, restores "
"volatile\n"
" * registers, then returns.\n"
" *\n"
" * This also works for exceptions taken from EL0, if we don't care about\n"
" * non-volatile registers.\n"
" *\n"
" * Saving state and jumping to the Rust handler takes 15 instructions, and\n"
" * restoring and returning also takes 15 instructions, so we can fit the "
"whole\n"
" * handler in 30 instructions, under the limit of 32.\n"
" */\n"
".macro current_exception_spx handler:req\n"
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
"\tbl \\handler\n"
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
"\teret\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
".section .text.vector_table_el1, \"ax\"\n"
".global vector_table_el1\n"
".balign 0x800\n"
"vector_table_el1:\n"
"sync_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 sync_exception_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 irq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 fiq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 serr_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"sync_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_exception_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"sync_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"sync_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:780
msgid "`idmap.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:782
msgid "<!-- File idmap.S -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:784
msgid ""
"```armasm\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
".set .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK, 0x1\n"
".set .L_TT_TYPE_PAGE, 0x3\n"
".set .L_TT_TYPE_TABLE, 0x3\n"
"\n"
"/* Access flag. */\n"
".set .L_TT_AF, 0x1 << 10\n"
"/* Not global. */\n"
".set .L_TT_NG, 0x1 << 11\n"
".set .L_TT_XN, 0x3 << 53\n"
"\n"
".set .L_TT_MT_DEV, 0x0 << 2\t\t\t// MAIR #0 (DEV_nGnRE)\n"
".set .L_TT_MT_MEM, (0x1 << 2) | (0x3 << 8)\t// MAIR #1 (MEM_WBWA), inner "
"shareable\n"
"\n"
".set .L_BLOCK_DEV, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_DEV | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_XN\n"
".set .L_BLOCK_MEM, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_MEM | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_NG\n"
"\n"
".section \".rodata.idmap\", \"a\", %progbits\n"
".global idmap\n"
".align 12\n"
"idmap:\n"
"\t/* level 1 */\n"
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x0\t\t // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_MEM | 0x40000000\t// 1 GiB of DRAM\n"
"\t.fill\t\t254, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 254 GiB of unmapped VA space\n"
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x4000000000 // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
"\t.fill\t\t255, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 255 GiB of remaining VA space\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:829
msgid "`image.ld` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:831
msgid "<!-- File image.ld -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:833
msgid ""
"```ld\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
"/*\n"
" * Code will start running at this symbol which is placed at the start of "
"the\n"
" * image.\n"
" */\n"
"ENTRY(entry)\n"
"\n"
"MEMORY\n"
"{\n"
"\timage : ORIGIN = 0x40080000, LENGTH = 2M\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"SECTIONS\n"
"{\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Collect together the code.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t.init : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\ttext_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.init.entry)\n"
"\t\t*(.init.*)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\t.text : {\n"
"\t\t*(.text.*)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\ttext_end = .;\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Collect together read-only data.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t.rodata : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\trodata_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.rodata.*)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\t.got : {\n"
"\t\t*(.got)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\trodata_end = .;\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Collect together the read-write data including .bss at the end which\n"
"\t * will be zero'd by the entry code.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t.data : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\tdata_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.data.*)\n"
"\t\t/*\n"
"\t\t * The entry point code assumes that .data is a multiple of 32\n"
"\t\t * bytes long.\n"
"\t\t */\n"
"\t\t. = ALIGN(32);\n"
"\t\tdata_end = .;\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Everything beyond this point will not be included in the binary. */\n"
"\tbin_end = .;\n"
"\n"
"\t/* The entry point code assumes that .bss is 16-byte aligned. */\n"
"\t.bss : ALIGN(16) {\n"
"\t\tbss_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.bss.*)\n"
"\t\t*(COMMON)\n"
"\t\t. = ALIGN(16);\n"
"\t\tbss_end = .;\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\n"
"\t.stack (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\tboot_stack_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t. += 40 * 4096;\n"
"\t\t. = ALIGN(4096);\n"
"\t\tboot_stack_end = .;\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\n"
"\t. = ALIGN(4K);\n"
"\tPROVIDE(dma_region = .);\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Remove unused sections from the image.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t/DISCARD/ : {\n"
"\t\t/* The image loads itself so doesn't need these sections. */\n"
"\t\t*(.gnu.hash)\n"
"\t\t*(.hash)\n"
"\t\t*(.interp)\n"
"\t\t*(.eh_frame_hdr)\n"
"\t\t*(.eh_frame)\n"
"\t\t*(.note.gnu.build-id)\n"
"\t}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:940
msgid "`Makefile` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:942
msgid "<!-- File Makefile -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:944
msgid ""
"```makefile\n"
"# Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"#\n"
"# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"#\n"
"# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"#\n"
"# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"# limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"UNAME := $(shell uname -s)\n"
"ifeq ($(UNAME),Linux)\n"
"\tTARGET = aarch64-linux-gnu\n"
"else\n"
"\tTARGET = aarch64-none-elf\n"
"endif\n"
"OBJCOPY = $(TARGET)-objcopy\n"
"\n"
".PHONY: build qemu_minimal qemu qemu_logger\n"
"\n"
"all: rtc.bin\n"
"\n"
"build:\n"
"\tcargo build\n"
"\n"
"rtc.bin: build\n"
"\t$(OBJCOPY) -O binary target/aarch64-unknown-none/debug/rtc $@\n"
"\n"
"qemu: rtc.bin\n"
"\tqemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,gic-version=3 -cpu max -serial mon:stdio "
"-display none -kernel $< -s\n"
"\n"
"clean:\n"
"\tcargo clean\n"
"\trm -f *.bin\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:989
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[build]\n"
"target = \"aarch64-unknown-none\"\n"
"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Timage.ld\"]\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:995
msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Welcome to Concurrency in Rust"
msgstr "# Willkommen bei Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
#: src/concurrency.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and\n"
"channels."
msgstr ""
"Rust bietet volle Unterstützung für Parallelität unter Verwendung von "
"Betriebssystem-Threads mit Mutexes und\n"
"Kanäle."
#: src/concurrency.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency "
"bugs\n"
"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since "
"you\n"
"can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime."
msgstr ""
"Das Rust-Typsystem spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung vieler "
"Nebenläufigkeitsfehler\n"
"Kompilierzeitfehler. Dies wird seit Ihnen oft als _furchtlose Parallelität_ "
"bezeichnet\n"
"kann sich auf den Compiler verlassen, um die Korrektheit zur Laufzeit "
"sicherzustellen."
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Threads"
msgstr "# Threads"
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:"
msgstr "Rust-Threads funktionieren ähnlich wie Threads in anderen Sprachen:"
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" thread::spawn(|| {\n"
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
" println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n"
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
" }\n"
" });\n"
"\n"
" for i in 1..5 {\n"
" println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n"
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them.\n"
"* Thread panics are independent of each other.\n"
" * Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`."
msgstr ""
"* Threads sind alle Daemon-Threads, der Haupt-Thread wartet nicht auf sie.\n"
"* Thread-Panics sind voneinander unabhängig.\n"
" * Paniken können eine Nutzlast tragen, die mit `downcast_ref` entpackt "
"werden kann."
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:32
msgid ""
"* Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread "
"is\n"
" not waiting.\n"
"\n"
"* Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait "
"for\n"
" the thread to finish.\n"
"\n"
"* Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`.\n"
"\n"
"* Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the "
"panic\n"
" payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`]."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Scoped Threads"
msgstr "# Bereichsbezogene Threads"
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:"
msgstr "Normale Threads können nicht von ihrer Umgebung ausleihen:"
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
"\n"
" thread::spawn(|| {\n"
" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
" });\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "However, you can use a [scoped thread][1] for this:"
msgstr "Sie können dafür jedoch einen [Scoped Thread][1] verwenden:"
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:19
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
"\n"
" thread::scope(|scope| {\n"
" scope.spawn(|| {\n"
" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
" });\n"
" });\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, "
"all the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed "
"data.\n"
"* Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one "
"thread, or immutably by any number of threads.\n"
" "
msgstr ""
"* Der Grund dafür ist, dass nach Abschluss der `thread::scope`-Funktion "
"garantiert alle Threads verbunden sind, sodass sie geliehene Daten "
"zurückgeben können.\n"
"* Es gelten die normalen Rust-Ausleihregeln: Sie können entweder "
"veränderlich von einem Thread ausleihen oder unveränderlich von einer "
"beliebigen Anzahl von Threads.\n"
" \n"
"</Details>"
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Channels"
msgstr "# Kanäle"
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender<T>` and a `Receiver<T>`. The two "
"parts\n"
"are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points."
msgstr ""
"Rust-Kanäle bestehen aus zwei Teilen: einem `Sender<T>` und einem "
"`Receiver<T>`. Die zwei Teile\n"
"über den Kanal verbunden sind, aber Sie sehen nur die Endpunkte."
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
"\n"
" tx.send(10).unwrap();\n"
" tx.send(20).unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
"\n"
" let tx2 = tx.clone();\n"
" tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n"
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and "
"`SyncSender` implement `Clone` (so\n"
" you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does not.\n"
"* `send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the "
"counterpart `Sender` or\n"
" `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed."
msgstr ""
"* „mpsc“ steht für Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` und "
"`SyncSender` implementieren `Clone` (also\n"
" Sie können mehrere Producer erstellen), aber 'Receiver' nicht.\n"
"* `send()` und `recv()` geben `Result` zurück. Wenn sie `Err` zurückgeben, "
"bedeutet dies das Gegenstück `Sender` bzw\n"
" „Receiver“ wird fallen gelassen und der Kanal wird geschlossen."
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Unbounded Channels"
msgstr "# Unbegrenzte Kanäle"
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:"
msgstr ""
"Einen unbegrenzten und asynchronen Kanal erhält man mit `mpsc::channel()`:"
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
"\n"
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
" });\n"
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
"\n"
" for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Bounded Channels"
msgstr "# Gebundene Kanäle"
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Bounded and synchronous channels make `send` block the current thread:"
msgstr ""
"Gebundene und synchrone Kanäle sorgen dafür, dass der aktuelle Thread durch "
"„Senden“ blockiert wird:"
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);\n"
"\n"
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
" }\n"
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
" });\n"
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
"\n"
" for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Send` and `Sync`"
msgstr "# `Senden` und `Synchronisieren`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"How does Rust know to forbid shared access across thread? The answer is in "
"two traits:"
msgstr ""
"Woher weiß Rust, dass es den gemeinsamen Zugriff über Threads verbieten "
"soll? Die Antwort liegt in zwei Merkmalen:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [`Send`][1]: a type `T` is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a "
"thread\n"
" boundary.\n"
"* [`Sync`][2]: a type `T` is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a "
"thread\n"
" boundary."
msgstr ""
"* [`Send`][1]: ein Typ `T` ist `Send`, wenn es sicher ist, ein `T` über "
"einen Thread zu bewegen\n"
" Grenze.\n"
"* [`Sync`][2]: ein Typ `T` ist `Sync`, wenn es sicher ist, ein `&T` über "
"einen Thread zu verschieben\n"
" Grenze."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits][3]. The compiler will automatically "
"derive them for your types\n"
"as long as they only contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement "
"them manually when you\n"
"know it is valid."
msgstr ""
"„Senden“ und „Synchronisieren“ sind [unsichere Eigenschaften][3]. Der "
"Compiler leitet sie automatisch für Ihre Typen ab\n"
"solange sie nur die Typen `Send` und `Sync` enthalten. Sie können sie auch "
"manuell implementieren, wenn Sie\n"
"wissen, dass es gültig ist."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-"
"safety properties.\n"
"* They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits.\n"
" "
msgstr ""
"* Man kann sich diese Eigenschaften als Markierungen dafür vorstellen, dass "
"der Typ bestimmte Thread-Sicherheitseigenschaften hat.\n"
"* Sie können in den generischen Einschränkungen als normale Merkmale "
"verwendet werden.\n"
" \n"
"</Details>"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Send`"
msgstr "# `Senden`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"> A type `T` is [`Send`][1] if it is safe to move a `T` value to another "
"thread."
msgstr ""
"> Ein Typ `T` ist [`Send`][1], wenn es sicher ist, einen `T`-Wert in einen "
"anderen Thread zu verschieben."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will "
"run\n"
"in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one "
"thread\n"
"and deallocate it in another."
msgstr ""
"Das Verschieben der Eigentümerschaft auf einen anderen Thread hat zur Folge, "
"dass _destructors_ ausgeführt wird\n"
"in diesem Thread. Die Frage ist also, wann Sie einen Wert in einem Thread "
"zuweisen können\n"
"und es in einem anderen freigeben."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:13
msgid ""
"As an example, a connection to the SQLite library must only be accessed from "
"a\n"
"single thread."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Sync`"
msgstr "# `Synchronisieren`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"> A type `T` is [`Sync`][1] if it is safe to access a `T` value from "
"multiple\n"
"> threads at the same time."
msgstr ""
"> Ein Typ `T` ist [`Sync`][1], wenn es sicher ist, von mehreren auf einen "
"`T`-Wert zuzugreifen\n"
"> Threads gleichzeitig."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "More precisely, the definition is:"
msgstr "Genauer gesagt lautet die Definition:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "> `T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`"
msgstr "> `T` ist `Sync` genau dann, wenn `&T` `Send` ist"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is "
"thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it "
"across threads."
msgstr ""
"Diese Anweisung ist im Wesentlichen eine Kurzform dafür, dass ein Typ, der "
"für die gemeinsame Verwendung Thread-sicher ist, auch Thread-sicher ist, "
"Verweise auf ihn über Threads hinweg zu übergeben."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across "
"multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization "
"issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type "
"is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references can "
"be accessed from any thread safely."
msgstr ""
"Denn wenn ein Typ Sync ist, bedeutet dies, dass er von mehreren Threads "
"gemeinsam genutzt werden kann, ohne das Risiko von Datenrennen oder anderen "
"Synchronisierungsproblemen, sodass es sicher ist, ihn in einen anderen "
"Thread zu verschieben. Ein Verweis auf den Typ kann auch sicher in einen "
"anderen Thread verschoben werden, da auf die Daten, auf die er verweist, von "
"jedem Thread aus sicher zugegriffen werden kann."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Examples"
msgstr "# Beispiele"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `Send + Sync`"
msgstr "## `Senden + Synchronisieren`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:"
msgstr "Die meisten Typen, auf die Sie stoßen, sind „Send + Sync“:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7
msgid ""
"* `i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ...\n"
"* `(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ...\n"
"* `String`, `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `Box<T>`, ...\n"
"* `Arc<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count.\n"
"* `Mutex<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking.\n"
"* `AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are\n"
"`Send + Sync`."
msgstr ""
"Die generischen Typen sind typischerweise `Send + Sync`, wenn es die "
"Typparameter sind\n"
"„Senden + Synchronisieren“."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `Send + !Sync`"
msgstr "## `Senden + !Sync`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe.\n"
"Typically because of interior mutability:"
msgstr ""
"Diese Typen können in andere Threads verschoben werden, sind aber nicht "
"Thread-sicher.\n"
"Typischerweise wegen innerer Mutabilität:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `mpsc::Sender<T>`\n"
"* `mpsc::Receiver<T>`\n"
"* `Cell<T>`\n"
"* `RefCell<T>`"
msgstr ""
"* `mpsc::Sender<T>`\n"
"* `mpsc::Receiver<T>`\n"
"* `Zelle<T>`\n"
"* `RefCell<T>`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `!Send + Sync`"
msgstr "## `!Senden + Synchronisieren`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:"
msgstr ""
"Diese Typen sind Thread-sicher, können aber nicht in einen anderen Thread "
"verschoben werden:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `MutexGuard<T>`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on "
"the\n"
" thread which created them."
msgstr ""
"* `MutexGuard<T>`: Verwendet Primitive auf Betriebssystemebene, die auf dem "
"freigegeben werden müssen\n"
" Thread, der sie erstellt hat."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "## `!Send + !Sync`"
msgstr "## `!Senden + !Sync`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:"
msgstr ""
"Diese Typen sind nicht Thread-sicher und können nicht in andere Threads "
"verschoben werden:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Rc<T>`: each `Rc<T>` has a reference to an `RcBox<T>`, which contains a\n"
" non-atomic reference count.\n"
"* `*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special\n"
" concurrency considerations."
msgstr ""
"* `Rc<T>`: Jedes `Rc<T>` hat eine Referenz auf eine `RcBox<T>`, die eine "
"enthält\n"
" nicht-atomarer Referenzzähler.\n"
"* `*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust geht davon aus, dass Rohzeiger möglicherweise "
"etwas Besonderes haben\n"
" Parallelitätsüberlegungen."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Shared State"
msgstr "# Geteilter Zustand"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This "
"is\n"
"primarily done via two types:"
msgstr ""
"Rust verwendet das Typsystem, um die Synchronisierung gemeinsam genutzter "
"Daten zu erzwingen. Das ist\n"
"hauptsächlich über zwei Arten:"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [`Arc<T>`][1], atomic reference counted `T`: handles sharing between "
"threads and\n"
" takes care to deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped,\n"
"* [`Mutex<T>`][2]: ensures mutually exclusive access to the `T` value."
msgstr ""
"* [`Arc<T>`][1], Atomic Reference Counted `T`: handhabt die gemeinsame "
"Nutzung zwischen Threads und\n"
" sorgt dafür, dass `T` freigegeben wird, wenn die letzte Referenz gelöscht "
"wird,\n"
"* [`Mutex<T>`][2]: sorgt für den sich gegenseitig ausschließenden Zugriff "
"auf den `T`-Wert."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Arc`"
msgstr "# `Bogen`"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`Arc<T>`][1] allows shared read-only access via `Arc::clone`:"
msgstr ""
"[`Arc<T>`][1] ermöglicht den gemeinsamen Nur-Lese-Zugriff über seine `clone`-"
"Methode:"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n"
" for _ in 1..5 {\n"
" let v = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n"
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n"
" }));\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n"
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of "
"`Rc` that uses atomic\n"
" operations.\n"
"* `Arc<T>` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` "
"and `Sync` iff `T`\n"
" implements them both.\n"
"* `Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but "
"after that the use of the\n"
" `T` is free.\n"
"* Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to "
"detect them.\n"
" * `std::sync::Weak` can help."
msgstr ""
"* `Arc` steht für \"Atomic Reference Counted\", eine Thread-sichere Version "
"von `Rc`, die atomar verwendet\n"
" Operationen.\n"
"* `Arc<T>` implementiert `Clone` unabhängig davon, ob `T` dies tut oder "
"nicht. Es implementiert `Send` und `Sync` iff `T`\n"
" setzt sie beide um.\n"
"* `Arc::clone()` hat die Kosten für atomare Operationen, die ausgeführt "
"werden, aber danach die Verwendung der\n"
" „T“ ist frei.\n"
"* Hüten Sie sich vor Referenzzyklen, `Arc` verwendet keinen Garbage "
"Collector, um sie zu erkennen.\n"
" * `std::sync::Weak` kann helfen."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# `Mutex`"
msgstr "# `Mutex`"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Mutex<T>`][1] ensures mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T`\n"
"behind a read-only interface:"
msgstr ""
"[`Mutex<T>`][1] sorgt für gegenseitigen Ausschluss _und_ erlaubt "
"veränderlichen Zugriff auf `T`\n"
"hinter einer Nur-Lese-Schnittstelle:"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:6
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::Mutex;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
"\n"
" {\n"
" let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
" guard.push(40);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Notice how we have a [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`][2] blanket\n"
"implementation."
msgstr ""
"Beachten Sie, wie wir eine [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`][2] Blanket "
"haben\n"
"Implementierung."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element - the "
"protected data.\n"
" * It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the "
"protected data.\n"
"* You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex<T>` by taking the lock. The "
"`MutexGuard` ensures that the\n"
" `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held.\n"
"* `Mutex<T>` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff `T` implements `Send`.\n"
"* A read-write lock counterpart - `RwLock`.\n"
"* Why does `lock()` return a `Result`? \n"
" * If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes "
"\"poisoned\" to signal that\n"
" the data it protected might be in an inconsistent state. Calling "
"`lock()` on a poisoned mutex\n"
" fails with a [`PoisonError`]. You can call `into_inner()` on the error "
"to recover the data\n"
" regardless."
msgstr ""
"* `Mutex` in Rust sieht aus wie eine Sammlung mit nur einem Element - den "
"geschützten Daten.\n"
" * Es ist nicht möglich, das Abrufen des Mutex zu vergessen, bevor auf "
"die geschützten Daten zugegriffen wird.\n"
"* Sie können ein `&mut T` von einem `&Mutex<T>` erhalten, indem Sie die "
"Sperre nehmen. Der `MutexGuard` sorgt dafür, dass die\n"
" `&mut T` überlebt die gehaltene Sperre nicht.\n"
"* `Mutex<T>` implementiert sowohl `Send` als auch `Sync`, wenn `T` `Send` "
"implementiert.\n"
"* Ein Gegenstück zur Lese-Schreib-Sperre - `RwLock`.\n"
"* Warum gibt `lock()` ein `Result` zurück?\n"
" * Wenn der Thread, der den `Mutex` enthielt, in Panik geriet, wird der "
"`Mutex` \"vergiftet\", um dies zu signalisieren\n"
" Die geschützten Daten befinden sich möglicherweise in einem "
"inkonsistenten Zustand. Aufruf von `lock()` auf einem vergifteten Mutex\n"
" schlägt mit einem [`PoisonError`] fehl. Sie können `into_inner()` für "
"den Fehler aufrufen, um die Daten wiederherzustellen\n"
" trotzdem."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:"
msgstr "Sehen wir uns `Arc` und `Mutex` in Aktion an:"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
" let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n"
" v.push(10);\n"
" });\n"
" v.push(1000);\n"
"\n"
" handle.join().unwrap();\n"
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23
msgid "Possible solution:"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:25
msgid ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n"
"\n"
" let v2 = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
" let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n"
" let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n"
" v2.push(10);\n"
" });\n"
"\n"
" {\n"
" let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
" v.push(1000);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" handle.join().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:49
msgid "Notable parts:"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* `v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are "
"orthogonal.\n"
" * Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable "
"state between threads.\n"
"* `v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another "
"thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature.\n"
"* Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as "
"possible."
msgstr ""
"* `v` ist sowohl in `Arc` als auch in `Mutex` eingeschlossen, weil ihre "
"Anliegen orthogonal sind.\n"
" * Das Umhüllen eines `Mutex` in einen `Arc` ist ein gängiges Muster, um "
"einen veränderlichen Zustand zwischen Threads zu teilen.\n"
"* „v: Arc<_>“ muss als „v2“ geklont werden, bevor es in einen anderen Thread "
"verschoben werden kann. Der Lambda-Signatur wurde der Hinweis „move“ "
"hinzugefügt.\n"
"* Blöcke werden eingeführt, um den Anwendungsbereich von `LockGuard` so weit "
"wie möglich einzuschränken.\n"
"* Wir müssen noch den `Mutex` erwerben, um unseren `Vec` zu drucken."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with"
msgstr "Lassen Sie uns unsere neuen Nebenläufigkeitsfähigkeiten mit üben"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency.\n"
"\n"
"* Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to\n"
" download dependencies and then check links in parallel."
msgstr ""
"* Multithreaded Link Checker: ein größeres Projekt, für das Sie Cargo "
"verwenden werden\n"
" Abhängigkeiten herunterladen und dann parallel Links prüfen."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Dining Philosophers"
msgstr "# Speisende Philosophen"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:"
msgstr ""
"Das Dining-Philosophen-Problem ist ein klassisches Nebenläufigkeitsproblem:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"> Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has "
"their\n"
"> own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish "
"served is\n"
"> a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each philosopher "
"can\n"
"> only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can only eat "
"their\n"
"> spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two forks will "
"only\n"
"> be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, not eating. "
"After\n"
"> an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put down both forks."
msgstr ""
"> Fünf Philosophen speisen gemeinsam am selben Tisch. Jeder Philosoph hat "
"seine\n"
"> eigener Platz am Tisch. Zwischen jedem Teller befindet sich eine Gabel. "
"Das servierte Gericht ist\n"
"> eine Art Spaghetti, die mit zwei Gabeln gegessen werden muss. Jeder "
"Philosoph kann\n"
"> nur abwechselnd denken und essen. Außerdem kann ein Philosoph nur ihre "
"essen\n"
"> Spaghetti, wenn sie sowohl eine linke als auch eine rechte Gabel haben. "
"Also zwei Gabeln werden nur\n"
"> verfügbar sein, wenn ihre beiden nächsten Nachbarn nachdenken, nicht "
"essen. Nach\n"
"> ein einzelner Philosoph mit dem Essen fertig ist, legen sie beide Gabeln "
"weg."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) "
"for\n"
"this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill out "
"the\n"
"blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
msgstr ""
"Dazu benötigen Sie eine lokale [Cargo-Installation](../../cargo/running-"
"locally.md).\n"
"diese Übung. Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code in die Datei `src/main.rs`, "
"füllen Sie die Lücken aus,\n"
"und teste, dass `cargo run` keinen Deadlock verursacht:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:19
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"struct Fork;\n"
"\n"
"struct Philosopher {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" // left_fork: ...\n"
" // right_fork: ...\n"
" // thoughts: ...\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Philosopher {\n"
" fn think(&self) {\n"
" self.thoughts\n"
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
" .unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn eat(&self) {\n"
" // Pick up forks...\n"
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" // Create forks\n"
"\n"
" // Create philosophers\n"
"\n"
" // Make them think and eat\n"
"\n"
" // Output their thoughts\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:61
msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:65
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Multi-threaded Link Checker"
msgstr "# Multithreaded Link Checker"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It "
"should\n"
"start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It should\n"
"recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this until "
"all\n"
"pages have been validated."
msgstr ""
"Lassen Sie uns unser neues Wissen nutzen, um einen Multithread-Link-Checker "
"zu erstellen. Es sollte\n"
"Starten Sie auf einer Webseite und prüfen Sie, ob die Links auf der Seite "
"gültig sind. Es sollte\n"
"Überprüfen Sie rekursiv andere Seiten auf derselben Domain und tun Sie dies "
"so lange, bis alle\n"
"Seiten wurden validiert."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`][1]. Create a new\n"
"Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:"
msgstr ""
"Dazu benötigen Sie einen HTTP-Client wie [`reqwest`][1]. Erstelle eine neue\n"
"Frachtprojekt und `reqwest` es als Abhängigkeit mit:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:11
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ cargo new link-checker\n"
"$ cd link-checker\n"
"$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"> If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit "
"the\n"
"> `Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below."
msgstr ""
"> Wenn `cargo add` mit `error: no such subcommand` fehlschlägt, dann "
"bearbeiten Sie bitte die\n"
"> `Cargo.toml`-Datei von Hand. Fügen Sie die unten aufgeführten "
"Abhängigkeiten hinzu."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`][2] for that:"
msgstr ""
"Sie benötigen auch eine Möglichkeit, Links zu finden. Dafür können wir "
"[`scraper`][2] verwenden:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:22
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ cargo add scraper\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`][3] "
"for\n"
"that:"
msgstr ""
"Schließlich brauchen wir eine Möglichkeit, mit Fehlern umzugehen. Wir "
"verwenden [`thiserror`][3] für\n"
"Das:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:29
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ cargo add thiserror\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:"
msgstr ""
"Die `cargo add`-Aufrufe aktualisieren die `Cargo.toml`-Datei so, dass sie "
"wie folgt aussieht:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:37
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"link-checker\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"publish = false\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-"
"tls\"] }\n"
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as\n"
"`https://www.google.org/`."
msgstr ""
"Sie können nun die Startseite herunterladen. Versuchen Sie es mit einer "
"kleinen Website wie z\n"
"`https://www.google.org/`."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:"
msgstr "Ihre `src/main.rs`-Datei sollte in etwa so aussehen:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:57
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"use reqwest::blocking::{get, Response};\n"
"use reqwest::Url;\n"
"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
"enum Error {\n"
" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn extract_links(response: Response) -> Result<Vec<Url>, Error> {\n"
" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
" let document = response.text()?;\n"
" let html = Html::parse_document(&document);\n"
" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" let mut valid_urls = Vec::new();\n"
" for element in html.select(&selector) {\n"
" if let Some(href) = element.value().attr(\"href\") {\n"
" match base_url.join(href) {\n"
" Ok(url) => valid_urls.push(url),\n"
" Err(err) => {\n"
" println!(\"On {base_url}: could not parse {href:?}: "
"{err} (ignored)\",);\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" Ok(valid_urls)\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n"
" let response = get(start_url).unwrap();\n"
" match extract_links(response) {\n"
" Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n"
" Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:100
#, fuzzy
msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with"
msgstr "Führen Sie den Code in `src/main.rs` mit aus"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:102
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ cargo run\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:106
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:140
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Tasks"
msgstr "## Aufgaben"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:108
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to "
"a\n"
" channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel.\n"
"* Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the\n"
" `www.google.org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that "
"you\n"
" don't end up being blocked by the site."
msgstr ""
"* Verwenden Sie Threads, um die Links parallel zu prüfen: Senden Sie die zu "
"prüfenden URLs an a\n"
" Channel und lass ein paar Threads parallel die URLs prüfen.\n"
"* Erweitern Sie dies, um Links von allen Seiten rekursiv zu extrahieren\n"
" `www.google.org`-Domain. Setzen Sie eine Obergrenze von 100 Seiten oder "
"so, dass Sie\n"
" am Ende nicht von der Seite blockiert werden."
#: src/async.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Async Rust"
msgstr "# Warum Rost?"
#: src/async.md:3
msgid ""
"\"Async\" is a concurrency model where multiple tasks are executed "
"concurrently by\n"
"executing each task until it would block, then switching to another task "
"that is\n"
"ready to make progress. The model allows running a larger number of tasks on "
"a\n"
"limited number of threads. This is because the per-task overhead is "
"typically\n"
"very low and operating systems provide primitives for efficiently "
"identifying\n"
"I/O that is able to proceed."
msgstr ""
#: src/async.md:10
msgid ""
"Rust's asynchronous operation is based on \"futures\", which represent work "
"that\n"
"may be completed in the future. Futures are \"polled\" until they signal "
"that\n"
"they are complete."
msgstr ""
#: src/async.md:14
msgid ""
"Futures are polled by an async runtime, and several different runtimes are\n"
"available."
msgstr ""
#: src/async.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Comparisons"
msgstr "# Vergleich"
#: src/async.md:19
msgid ""
" * Python has a similar model in its `asyncio`. However, its `Future` type "
"is\n"
" callback-based, and not polled. Async Python programs require a "
"\"loop\",\n"
" similar to a runtime in Rust.\n"
"\n"
" * JavaScript's `Promise` is similar, but again callback-based. The "
"language\n"
" runtime implements the event loop, so many of the details of Promise\n"
" resolution are hidden."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:1
msgid "# `async`/`await`"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:3
msgid ""
"At a high level, async Rust code looks very much like \"normal\" sequential "
"code:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use futures::executor::block_on;\n"
"\n"
"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
" for i in 1..=count {\n"
" println!(\"Count is: {i}!\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"async fn async_main(count: i32) {\n"
" count_to(count).await;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" block_on(async_main(10));\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:27
msgid ""
"* Note that this is a simplified example to show the syntax. There is no "
"long\n"
" running operation or any real concurrency in it!\n"
"\n"
"* What is the return type of an async call?\n"
" * Use `let future: () = async_main(10);` in `main` to see the type.\n"
"\n"
"* The \"async\" keyword is syntactic sugar. The compiler replaces the return "
"type\n"
" with a future. \n"
"\n"
"* You cannot make `main` async, without additional instructions to the "
"compiler\n"
" on how to use the returned future.\n"
"\n"
"* You need an executor to run async code. `block_on` blocks the current "
"thread\n"
" until the provided future has run to completion. \n"
"\n"
"* `.await` asynchronously waits for the completion of another operation. "
"Unlike\n"
" `block_on`, `.await` doesn't block the current thread.\n"
"\n"
"* `.await` can only be used inside an `async` function (or block; these are\n"
" introduced later). "
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Futures"
msgstr "# Schließungen"
#: src/async/futures.md:3
msgid ""
"[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html)\n"
"is a trait, implemented by objects that represent an operation that may not "
"be\n"
"complete yet. A future can be polled, and `poll` returns a\n"
"[`Poll`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:8
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"use std::pin::Pin;\n"
"use std::task::Context;\n"
"\n"
"pub trait Future {\n"
" type Output;\n"
" fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::"
"Output>;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub enum Poll<T> {\n"
" Ready(T),\n"
" Pending,\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:23
msgid ""
"An async function returns an `impl Future`. It's also possible (but "
"uncommon) to\n"
"implement `Future` for your own types. For example, the `JoinHandle` "
"returned\n"
"from `tokio::spawn` implements `Future` to allow joining to it."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:27
msgid ""
"The `.await` keyword, applied to a Future, causes the current async function "
"to\n"
"pause until that Future is ready, and then evaluates to its output."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:32
msgid ""
"* The `Future` and `Poll` types are implemented exactly as shown; click the\n"
" links to show the implementations in the docs.\n"
"\n"
"* We will not get to `Pin` and `Context`, as we will focus on writing async\n"
" code, rather than building new async primitives. Briefly:\n"
"\n"
" * `Context` allows a Future to schedule itself to be polled again when an\n"
" event occurs.\n"
"\n"
" * `Pin` ensures that the Future isn't moved in memory, so that pointers "
"into\n"
" that future remain valid. This is required to allow references to "
"remain\n"
" valid after an `.await`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Runtimes"
msgstr "Laufzeiten"
#: src/async/runtimes.md:3
msgid ""
"A *runtime* provides support for performing operations asynchronously (a\n"
"*reactor*) and is responsible for executing futures (an *executor*). Rust "
"does not have a\n"
"\"built-in\" runtime, but several options are available:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes.md:7
msgid ""
" * [Tokio](https://tokio.rs/) - performant, with a well-developed ecosystem "
"of\n"
" functionality like [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) for HTTP or\n"
" [Tonic](https://github.com/hyperium/tonic) for gRPC.\n"
" * [async-std](https://async.rs/) - aims to be a \"std for async\", and "
"includes a\n"
" basic runtime in `async::task`.\n"
" * [smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/) - simple and lightweight"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes.md:14
msgid ""
"Several larger applications have their own runtimes. For example,\n"
"[Fuchsia](https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/"
"fuchsia-async/src/lib.rs)\n"
"already has one."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes.md:20
msgid ""
"* Note that of the listed runtimes, only Tokio is supported in the Rust\n"
" playground. The playground also does not permit any I/O, so most "
"interesting\n"
" async things can't run in the playground.\n"
"\n"
"* Futures are \"inert\" in that they do not do anything (not even start an I/"
"O\n"
" operation) unless there is an executor polling them. This differs from JS\n"
" Promises, for example, which will run to completion even if they are "
"never\n"
" used."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:1
msgid "# Tokio"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:4
msgid "Tokio provides: "
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:6
msgid ""
"* A multi-threaded runtime for executing asynchronous code.\n"
"* An asynchronous version of the standard library.\n"
"* A large ecosystem of libraries."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:10
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use tokio::time;\n"
"\n"
"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
" for i in 1..=count {\n"
" println!(\"Count in task: {i}!\");\n"
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" tokio::spawn(count_to(10));\n"
"\n"
" for i in 1..5 {\n"
" println!(\"Main task: {i}\");\n"
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:33
msgid ""
"* With the `tokio::main` macro we can now make `main` async.\n"
"\n"
"* The `spawn` function creates a new, concurrent \"task\".\n"
"\n"
"* Note: `spawn` takes a `Future`, you don't call `.await` on `count_to`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:39
msgid "**Further exploration:**"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:41
msgid ""
"* Why does `count_to` not (usually) get to 10? This is an example of async\n"
" cancellation. `tokio::spawn` returns a handle which can be awaited to "
"wait\n"
" until it finishes.\n"
"\n"
"* Try `count_to(10).await` instead of spawning.\n"
"\n"
"* Try awaiting the task returned from `tokio::spawn`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Tasks"
msgstr "## Aufgaben"
#: src/async/tasks.md:3
msgid ""
"Runtimes have the concept of a \"task\", similar to a thread but much\n"
"less resource-intensive."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:6
msgid ""
"A task has a single top-level future which the executor polls to make "
"progress.\n"
"That future may have one or more nested futures that its `poll` method "
"polls,\n"
"corresponding loosely to a call stack. Concurrency within a task is possible "
"by\n"
"polling multiple child futures, such as racing a timer and an I/O operation."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:11
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"use tokio::io::{self, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};\n"
"use tokio::net::TcpListener;\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {\n"
" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:6142\").await?;\n"
"\tprintln!(\"listening on port 6142\");\n"
"\n"
" loop {\n"
" let (mut socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
"\n"
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(b\"Who are you?\\n\").await {\n"
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
" return;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" let mut buf = vec![0; 1024];\n"
" let reply = match socket.read(&mut buf).await {\n"
" Ok(n) => {\n"
" let name = std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..n]).unwrap()."
"trim();\n"
" format!(\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\")\n"
" }\n"
" Err(e) => {\n"
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
" return;\n"
" }\n"
" };\n"
"\n"
" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(reply.as_bytes()).await {\n"
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
" }\n"
" });\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:53 src/async/control-flow/join.md:36
msgid ""
"Copy this example into your prepared `src/main.rs` and run it from there."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:55
msgid ""
"* Ask students to visualize what the state of the example server would be "
"with a\n"
" few connected clients. What tasks exist? What are their Futures?\n"
"\n"
"* This is the first time we've seen an `async` block. This is similar to a\n"
" closure, but does not take any arguments. Its return value is a Future,\n"
" similar to an `async fn`. \n"
"\n"
"* Refactor the async block into a function, and improve the error handling "
"using `?`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Async Channels"
msgstr "# Kanäle"
#: src/async/channels.md:3
msgid ""
"Several crates have support for `async`/`await`. For instance `tokio` "
"channels:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:5
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n"
"\n"
"async fn ping_handler(mut input: Receiver<()>) {\n"
" let mut count: usize = 0;\n"
"\n"
" while let Some(_) = input.recv().await {\n"
" count += 1;\n"
" println!(\"Received {count} pings so far.\");\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"ping_handler complete\");\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
" let ping_handler_task = tokio::spawn(ping_handler(receiver));\n"
" for i in 0..10 {\n"
" sender.send(()).await.expect(\"Failed to send ping.\");\n"
" println!(\"Sent {} pings so far.\", i + 1);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" std::mem::drop(sender);\n"
" ping_handler_task.await.expect(\"Something went wrong in ping handler "
"task.\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:35
msgid ""
"* Change the channel size to `3` and see how it affects the execution.\n"
"\n"
"* Overall, the interface is similar to the `sync` channels as seen in the\n"
" [morning class](concurrency/channels.md).\n"
"\n"
"* Try removing the `std::mem::drop` call. What happens? Why?\n"
"\n"
"* The [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) crate has channels that\n"
" implement both `sync` and `async` `send` and `recv`. This can be "
"convenient\n"
" for complex applications with both IO and heavy CPU processing tasks.\n"
"\n"
"* What makes working with `async` channels preferable is the ability to "
"combine\n"
" them with other `future`s to combine them and create complex control flow."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Futures Control Flow"
msgstr "# Kontrollfluss"
#: src/async/control-flow.md:3
msgid ""
"Futures can be combined together to produce concurrent compute flow graphs. "
"We\n"
"have already seen tasks, that function as independent threads of execution."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow.md:6
msgid ""
"- [Join](control-flow/join.md)\n"
"- [Select](control-flow/select.md)"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:1
msgid "# Join"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:3
msgid ""
"A join operation waits until all of a set of futures are ready, and\n"
"returns a collection of their results. This is similar to `Promise.all` in\n"
"JavaScript or `asyncio.gather` in Python."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use anyhow::Result;\n"
"use futures::future;\n"
"use reqwest;\n"
"use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
"\n"
"async fn size_of_page(url: &str) -> Result<usize> {\n"
" let resp = reqwest::get(url).await?;\n"
" Ok(resp.text().await?.len())\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" let urls: [&str; 4] = [\n"
" \"https://google.com\",\n"
" \"https://httpbin.org/ip\",\n"
" \"https://play.rust-lang.org/\",\n"
" \"BAD_URL\",\n"
" ];\n"
" let futures_iter = urls.into_iter().map(size_of_page);\n"
" let results = future::join_all(futures_iter).await;\n"
" let page_sizes_dict: HashMap<&str, Result<usize>> =\n"
" urls.into_iter().zip(results.into_iter()).collect();\n"
" println!(\"{:?}\", page_sizes_dict);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:38
msgid ""
"* For multiple futures of disjoint types, you can use `std::future::join!` "
"but\n"
" you must know how many futures you will have at compile time. This is\n"
" currently in the `futures` crate, soon to be stabilised in `std::future`.\n"
"\n"
"* The risk of `join` is that one of the futures may never resolve, this "
"would\n"
" cause your program to stall. \n"
"\n"
"* You can also combine `join_all` with `join!` for instance to join all "
"requests\n"
" to an http service as well as a database query. Try adding a\n"
" `tokio::time::sleep` to the future, using `futures::join!`. This is not a\n"
" timeout (that requires `select!`, explained in the next chapter), but "
"demonstrates `join!`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Select"
msgstr "# Aufstellen"
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:3
msgid ""
"A select operation waits until any of a set of futures is ready, and "
"responds to\n"
"that future's result. In JavaScript, this is similar to `Promise.race`. In\n"
"Python, it compares to `asyncio.wait(task_set,\n"
"return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED)`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:8
msgid ""
"This is usually a macro, similar to match, with each arm of the form "
"`pattern =\n"
"future => statement`. When the future is ready, the statement is executed "
"with the\n"
"variable bound to the future's result."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:12
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n"
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\n"
"enum Animal {\n"
" Cat { name: String },\n"
" Dog { name: String },\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"async fn first_animal_to_finish_race(\n"
" mut cat_rcv: Receiver<String>,\n"
" mut dog_rcv: Receiver<String>,\n"
") -> Option<Animal> {\n"
" tokio::select! {\n"
" cat_name = cat_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Cat { name: cat_name? }),\n"
" dog_name = dog_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Dog { name: dog_name? })\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" let (cat_sender, cat_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
" let (dog_sender, dog_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;\n"
" cat_sender\n"
" .send(String::from(\"Felix\"))\n"
" .await\n"
" .expect(\"Failed to send cat.\");\n"
" });\n"
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await;\n"
" dog_sender\n"
" .send(String::from(\"Rex\"))\n"
" .await\n"
" .expect(\"Failed to send dog.\");\n"
" });\n"
"\n"
" let winner = first_animal_to_finish_race(cat_receiver, dog_receiver)\n"
" .await\n"
" .expect(\"Failed to receive winner\");\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"Winner is {winner:?}\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:61
msgid ""
"* In this example, we have a race between a cat and a dog.\n"
" `first_animal_to_finish_race` listens to both channels and will pick "
"whichever\n"
" arrives first. Since the dog takes 50ms, it wins against the cat that\n"
" take 500ms seconds.\n"
"\n"
"* You can use `oneshot` channels in this example as the channels are "
"supposed to\n"
" receive only one `send`.\n"
"\n"
"* Try adding a deadline to the race, demonstrating selecting different sorts "
"of\n"
" futures.\n"
"\n"
"* Note that `select!` moves the values it is given. It is easiest to use\n"
" when every execution of `select!` creates new futures. An alternative is "
"to\n"
" pass `&mut future` instead of the future itself, but this can lead to\n"
" issues, further discussed in the pinning slide."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:1
msgid "# Pitfalls of async/await"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:3
msgid ""
"Async / await provides convenient and efficient abstraction for concurrent "
"asynchronous programming. However, the async/await model in Rust also comes "
"with its share of pitfalls and footguns. We illustrate some of them in this "
"chapter:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:5
msgid ""
"- [Blocking the Executor](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)\n"
"- [Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)\n"
"- [Async Traits](pitfall/async-traits.md)"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:1
msgid "# Blocking the executor"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:3
msgid ""
"Most async runtimes only allow IO tasks to run concurrently.\n"
"This means that CPU blocking tasks will block the executor and prevent other "
"tasks from being executed.\n"
"An easy workaround is to use async equivalent methods where possible."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use futures::future::join_all;\n"
"use std::time::Instant;\n"
"\n"
"async fn sleep_ms(start: &Instant, id: u64, duration_ms: u64) {\n"
" std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(duration_ms));\n"
" println!(\n"
" \"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\",\n"
" start.elapsed().as_millis()\n"
" );\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main(flavor = \"current_thread\")]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" let start = Instant::now();\n"
" let sleep_futures = (1..=10).map(|t| sleep_ms(&start, t, t * 10));\n"
" join_all(sleep_futures).await;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:29
msgid ""
"* Run the code and see that the sleeps happen consecutively rather than\n"
" concurrently.\n"
"\n"
"* The `\"current_thread\"` flavor puts all tasks on a single thread. This "
"makes the\n"
" effect more obvious, but the bug is still present in the multi-threaded\n"
" flavor.\n"
"\n"
"* Switch the `std::thread::sleep` to `tokio::time::sleep` and await its "
"result.\n"
"\n"
"* Another fix would be to `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` which spawns an "
"actual\n"
" thread and transforms its handle into a future without blocking the "
"executor.\n"
"\n"
"* You should not think of tasks as OS threads. They do not map 1 to 1 and "
"most\n"
" executors will allow many tasks to run on a single OS thread. This is\n"
" particularly problematic when interacting with other libraries via FFI, "
"where\n"
" that library might depend on thread-local storage or map to specific OS\n"
" threads (e.g., CUDA). Prefer `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` in such "
"situations.\n"
"\n"
"* Use sync mutexes with care. Holding a mutex over an `.await` may cause "
"another\n"
" task to block, and that task may be running on the same thread."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:1
msgid "# Pin"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:3
msgid ""
"When you await a future, all local variables (that would ordinarily be "
"stored on\n"
"a stack frame) are instead stored in the Future for the current async block. "
"If your\n"
"future has pointers to data on the stack, those pointers might get "
"invalidated.\n"
"This is unsafe."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:8
msgid ""
"Therefore, you must guarantee that the addresses your future points to "
"don't\n"
"change. That is why we need to `pin` futures. Using the same future "
"repeatedly\n"
"in a `select!` often leads to issues with pinned values."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:12
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};\n"
"use tokio::task::spawn;\n"
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
"\n"
"// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond\n"
"// with a message on the `respond_on` channel.\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct Work {\n"
" input: u32,\n"
" respond_on: oneshot::Sender<u32>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n"
"async fn worker(mut work_queue: mpsc::Receiver<Work>) {\n"
" let mut iterations = 0;\n"
" loop {\n"
" tokio::select! {\n"
" Some(work) = work_queue.recv() => {\n"
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await; // Pretend to work.\n"
" work.respond_on\n"
" .send(work.input * 1000)\n"
" .expect(\"failed to send response\");\n"
" iterations += 1;\n"
" }\n"
" // TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n"
"async fn do_work(work_queue: &mpsc::Sender<Work>, input: u32) -> u32 {\n"
" let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();\n"
" work_queue\n"
" .send(Work {\n"
" input,\n"
" respond_on: tx,\n"
" })\n"
" .await\n"
" .expect(\"failed to send on work queue\");\n"
" rx.await.expect(\"failed waiting for response\")\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n"
" spawn(worker(rx));\n"
" for i in 0..100 {\n"
" let resp = do_work(&tx, i).await;\n"
" println!(\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:68
msgid ""
"* You may recognize this as an example of the actor pattern. Actors\n"
" typically call `select!` in a loop.\n"
"\n"
"* This serves as a summation of a few of the previous lessons, so take your "
"time\n"
" with it.\n"
"\n"
" * Naively add a `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!"
"(..) }`\n"
" to the `select!`. This will never execute. Why?\n"
"\n"
" * Instead, add a `timeout_fut` containing that future outside of the "
"`loop`:\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,compile_fail\n"
" let mut timeout_fut = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
" loop {\n"
" select! {\n"
" ..,\n"
" _ = timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
" * This still doesn't work. Follow the compiler errors, adding `&mut` to "
"the\n"
" `timeout_fut` in the `select!` to work around the move, then using\n"
" `Box::pin`:\n"
"\n"
" ```rust,compile_fail\n"
" let mut timeout_fut = Box::pin(sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)));\n"
" loop {\n"
" select! {\n"
" ..,\n"
" _ = &mut timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
" * This compiles, but once the timeout expires it is `Poll::Ready` on "
"every\n"
" iteration (a fused future would help with this). Update to reset\n"
" `timeout_fut` every time it expires.\n"
"\n"
"* Box allocates on the heap. In some cases, `std::pin::pin!` (only recently\n"
" stabilized, with older code often using `tokio::pin!`) is also an option, "
"but\n"
" that is difficult to use for a future that is reassigned.\n"
"\n"
"* Another alternative is to not use `pin` at all but spawn another task that "
"will send to a `oneshot` channel every 100ms."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Async Traits"
msgstr "# Züge"
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:3
msgid ""
"Async methods in traits are not yet supported in the stable channel ([An "
"experimental feature exists in nightly and should be stabilized in the mid "
"term.](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-"
"nightly.html))"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:5
msgid ""
"The crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) "
"provides a workaround through a macro:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
"use async_trait::async_trait;\n"
"use std::time::Instant;\n"
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
"\n"
"#[async_trait]\n"
"trait Sleeper {\n"
" async fn sleep(&self);\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct FixedSleeper {\n"
" sleep_ms: u64,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[async_trait]\n"
"impl Sleeper for FixedSleeper {\n"
" async fn sleep(&self) {\n"
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(self.sleep_ms)).await;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"async fn run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers: Vec<Box<dyn Sleeper>>, "
"n_times: usize) {\n"
" for _ in 0..n_times {\n"
" println!(\"running all sleepers..\");\n"
" for sleeper in &sleepers {\n"
" let start = Instant::now();\n"
" sleeper.sleep().await;\n"
" println!(\"slept for {}ms\", start.elapsed().as_millis());\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" let sleepers: Vec<Box<dyn Sleeper>> = vec![\n"
" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 50 }),\n"
" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 100 }),\n"
" ];\n"
" run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers, 5).await;\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid "<details> "
msgstr "<details>"
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:51
msgid ""
"* `async_trait` is easy to use, but note that it's using heap allocations "
"to\n"
" achieve this. This heap allocation has performance overhead.\n"
"\n"
"* The challenges in language support for `async trait` are deep Rust and\n"
" probably not worth describing in-depth. Niko Matsakis did a good job of\n"
" explaining them in [this\n"
" post](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-"
"traits-are-hard/)\n"
" if you are interested in digging deeper.\n"
"\n"
"* Try creating a new sleeper struct that will sleep for a random amount of "
"time\n"
" and adding it to the Vec."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:3
msgid ""
"To practice your Async Rust skills, we have again two exercises for you:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:5
msgid ""
"* Dining philosophers: we already saw this problem in the morning. This "
"time\n"
" you are going to implement it with Async Rust.\n"
"\n"
"* A Broadcast Chat Application: this is a larger project that allows you\n"
" experiment with more advanced Async Rust features."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Dining Philosophers - Async"
msgstr "# Speisende Philosophen"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:3
msgid ""
"See [dining philosophers](dining-philosophers.md) for a description of the\n"
"problem."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As before, you will need a local\n"
"[Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) for this exercise. "
"Copy\n"
"the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill out the blanks, and "
"test\n"
"that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
msgstr ""
"Dazu benötigen Sie eine lokale [Cargo-Installation](../../cargo/running-"
"locally.md).\n"
"diese Übung. Kopieren Sie den folgenden Code in die Datei `src/main.rs`, "
"füllen Sie die Lücken aus,\n"
"und teste, dass `cargo run` keinen Deadlock verursacht:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:13
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
"use tokio::time;\n"
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n"
"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n"
"\n"
"struct Fork;\n"
"\n"
"struct Philosopher {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" // left_fork: ...\n"
" // right_fork: ...\n"
" // thoughts: ...\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Philosopher {\n"
" async fn think(&self) {\n"
" self.thoughts\n"
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))."
"await\n"
" .unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" async fn eat(&self) {\n"
" // Pick up forks...\n"
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" // Create forks\n"
"\n"
" // Create philosophers\n"
"\n"
" // Make them think and eat\n"
"\n"
" // Output their thoughts\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:57
msgid ""
"Since this time you are using Async Rust, you'll need a `tokio` dependency.\n"
"You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:62
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"dining-philosophers-async-dine\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"tokio = {version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", "
"\"rt-multi-thread\"]}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:72
msgid ""
"Also note that this time you have to use the `Mutex` and the `mpsc` module\n"
"from the `tokio` crate."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:77
msgid "* Can you make your implementation single-threaded? "
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:1
msgid "# Broadcast Chat Application"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:3
msgid ""
"In this exercise, we want to use our new knowledge to implement a broadcast\n"
"chat application. We have a chat server that the clients connect to and "
"publish\n"
"their messages. The client reads user messages from the standard input, and\n"
"sends them to the server. The chat server broadcasts each message that it\n"
"receives to all the clients."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:9
msgid ""
"For this, we use [a broadcast channel][1] on the server, and\n"
"[`tokio_websockets`][2] for the communication between the client and the\n"
"server."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:13
msgid "Create a new Cargo project and add the following dependencies:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:15
msgid "`Cargo.toml`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:19
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"chat-async\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"futures-util = \"0.3.28\"\n"
"http = \"0.2.9\"\n"
"tokio = { version = \"1.28.1\", features = [\"full\"] }\n"
"tokio-websockets = \"0.3.2\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:32
msgid "## The required APIs"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:33
msgid ""
"You are going to need the following functions from `tokio` and\n"
"[`tokio_websockets`][2]. Spend a few minutes to familiarize yourself with "
"the\n"
"API. "
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:37
msgid ""
"- [WebsocketStream::next()][3]: for asynchronously reading messages from a\n"
" Websocket Stream.\n"
"- [SinkExt::send()][4] implemented by `WebsocketStream`: for asynchronously\n"
" sending messages on a Websocket Stream.\n"
"- [BufReader::read_line()][5]: for asynchronously reading user messages\n"
" from the standard input.\n"
"- [Sender::subscribe()][6]: for subscribing to a broadcast channel."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Two binaries"
msgstr "# Rust-Binärdateien"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:48
msgid ""
"Normally in a Cargo project, you can have only one binary, and one\n"
"`src/main.rs` file. In this project, we need two binaries. One for the "
"client,\n"
"and one for the server. You could potentially make them two separate Cargo\n"
"projects, but we are going to put them in a single Cargo project with two\n"
"binaries. For this to work, the client and the server code should go under\n"
"`src/bin` (see the [documentation][7]). "
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:55
msgid ""
"Copy the following server and client code into `src/bin/server.rs` and\n"
"`src/bin/client.rs`, respectively. Your task is to complete these files as\n"
"described below. "
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:59
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:117
#, fuzzy
msgid "`src/bin/server.rs`:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:61
msgid "<!-- File src/bin/server.rs -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:63
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n"
"use std::error::Error;\n"
"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n"
"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n"
"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n"
"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n"
"\n"
"async fn handle_connection(\n"
" addr: SocketAddr,\n"
" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream<TcpStream>,\n"
" bcast_tx: Sender<String>,\n"
") -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
"\n"
" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n"
"\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n"
"\n"
" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n"
" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n"
"\n"
" loop {\n"
" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n"
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n"
" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n"
"\n"
" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n"
" });\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:102
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:202
#, fuzzy
msgid "`src/bin/client.rs`:"
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:104
msgid "<!-- File src/bin/client.rs -->"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:106
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n"
"use http::Uri;\n"
"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n"
"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n"
" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::"
"from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n"
" .connect()\n"
" .await?;\n"
"\n"
" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n"
" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin);\n"
"\n"
"\n"
" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n"
"\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:127
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Running the binaries"
msgstr "# Ablauf des Kurses"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:128
msgid "Run the server with:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:130
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ cargo run --bin server\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:134
msgid "and the client with:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:136
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"$ cargo run --bin client\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:142
msgid ""
"* Implement the `handle_connection` function in `src/bin/server.rs`.\n"
" * Hint: Use `tokio::select!` for concurrently performing two tasks in a\n"
" continuous loop. One task receives messages from the client and "
"broadcasts\n"
" them. The other sends messages received by the server to the client.\n"
"* Complete the main function in `src/bin/client.rs`.\n"
" * Hint: As before, use `tokio::select!` in a continuous loop for "
"concurrently\n"
" performing two tasks: (1) reading user messages from standard input and\n"
" sending them to the server, and (2) receiving messages from the server, "
"and\n"
" displaying them for the user.\n"
"* Optional: Once you are done, change the code to broadcast messages to all\n"
" clients, but the sender of the message."
msgstr ""
#: src/thanks.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Thanks!"
msgstr "# Danke!"
#: src/thanks.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and "
"that it\n"
"was useful."
msgstr ""
"_Vielen Dank, dass Sie Comprehensive Rust 🦀 genommen haben!_ Wir hoffen, "
"dass es Ihnen gefallen hat und dass es\n"
"war nützlich."
#: src/thanks.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not "
"perfect,\n"
"so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, please get "
"in\n"
"[contact with us on\n"
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). We would "
"love\n"
"to hear from you."
msgstr ""
"Es hat uns viel Spaß gemacht, den Kurs zusammenzustellen. Der Kurs ist nicht "
"perfekt,\n"
"Wenn Sie also Fehler entdeckt haben oder Verbesserungsvorschläge haben, "
"melden Sie sich bitte\n"
"[Kontakt mit uns auf\n"
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Wir "
"würden lieben\n"
"von dir zu hören."
#: src/other-resources.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Other Rust Resources"
msgstr "# Andere Rostressourcen"
#: src/other-resources.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources\n"
"online."
msgstr ""
"Die Rust-Community hat eine Fülle hochwertiger und kostenloser Ressourcen "
"geschaffen\n"
"online."
#: src/other-resources.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Official Documentation"
msgstr "## Offizielle Dokumentation"
#: src/other-resources.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:"
msgstr ""
"Das Rust-Projekt beherbergt viele Ressourcen. Diese decken Rust im "
"Allgemeinen ab:"
#: src/other-resources.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the\n"
" canonical free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes "
"a\n"
" few projects for people to build.\n"
"* [Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the "
"Rust\n"
" syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. "
"Sometimes\n"
" includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code in the\n"
" examples.\n"
"* [Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full "
"documentation of\n"
" the standard library for Rust.\n"
"* [The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete "
"book\n"
" which describes the Rust grammar and memory model."
msgstr ""
"* [Die Programmiersprache Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): die\n"
" Kanonisches kostenloses Buch über Rust. Deckt die Sprache im Detail ab und "
"enthält a\n"
" wenige Projekte für Menschen zu bauen.\n"
"* [Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): deckt den "
"Rust ab\n"
" Syntax über eine Reihe von Beispielen, die verschiedene Konstrukte "
"demonstrieren. Manchmal\n"
" enthält kleine Übungen, in denen Sie aufgefordert werden, den Code in der "
"zu erweitern\n"
" Beispiele.\n"
"* [Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): vollständige "
"Dokumentation von\n"
" die Standardbibliothek für Rust.\n"
"* [The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): ein "
"unvollständiges Buch\n"
" das die Rust-Grammatik und das Speichermodell beschreibt."
#: src/other-resources.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:"
msgstr ""
"Weitere spezialisierte Guides, die auf der offiziellen Rust-Website gehostet "
"werden:"
#: src/other-resources.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe "
"Rust,\n"
" including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages\n"
" (FFI).\n"
"* [Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-"
"book/):\n"
" covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after "
"the\n"
" Rust Book was written.\n"
"* [The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): "
"an\n"
" introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating system."
msgstr ""
"* [The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): deckt unsicheres "
"Rust ab,\n"
" einschließlich der Arbeit mit rohen Zeigern und der Anbindung an andere "
"Sprachen\n"
" (FFI).\n"
"* [Asynchrone Programmierung in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-"
"book/):\n"
" deckt das neue asynchrone Programmiermodell ab, das nach dem eingeführt "
"wurde\n"
" Rust Book wurde geschrieben.\n"
"* [Das eingebettete Rust-Buch] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-"
"book/): an\n"
" Einführung in die Verwendung von Rust auf eingebetteten Geräten ohne "
"Betriebssystem."
#: src/other-resources.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Unofficial Learning Material"
msgstr "## Inoffizielles Lernmaterial"
#: src/other-resources.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:"
msgstr "Eine kleine Auswahl an weiteren Guides und Tutorials für Rust:"
#: src/other-resources.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"* [Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers "
"Rust\n"
" from the perspective of low-level C programmers.\n"
"* [Rust for Embedded C\n"
" Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/rust_for_c/): covers Rust "
"from\n"
" the perspective of developers who write firmware in C.\n"
"* [Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/):\n"
" covers the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other "
"languages\n"
" such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python.\n"
"* [Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to "
"help\n"
" you learn Rust.\n"
"* [Ferrous Teaching\n"
" Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-material/index.html): "
"a\n"
" series of small presentations covering both basic and advanced part of "
"the\n"
" Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, and async/await are also\n"
" covered.\n"
"* [Beginner's Series to\n"
" Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-series-to-rust/) "
"and\n"
" [Take your first steps with\n"
" Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): "
"two\n"
" Rust guides aimed at new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and "
"the\n"
" second is a set of 11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic "
"constructs.\n"
"* [Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked\n"
" Lists](https://rust-unofficial.github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth\n"
" exploration of Rust's memory management rules, through implementing a few\n"
" different types of list structures."
msgstr ""
"* [Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): deckt "
"Rust ab\n"
" aus der Perspektive von Low-Level-C-Programmierern.\n"
"* [Rost für eingebettetes C\n"
" Programmierer] (https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/rust_for_c/): deckt Rust "
"ab\n"
" die Perspektive von Entwicklern, die Firmware in C schreiben.\n"
"* [Rost für Profis](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/):\n"
" deckt die Syntax von Rust durch Side-by-Side-Vergleiche mit anderen "
"Sprachen ab\n"
" wie C, C++, Java, JavaScript und Python.\n"
"* [Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): Über 100 hilfreiche "
"Übungen\n"
" Sie lernen Rost.\n"
"* [Eisenlehre\n"
" Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-material/index.html): "
"a\n"
" Reihe von kleinen Präsentationen, die sowohl den grundlegenden als auch "
"den fortgeschrittenen Teil des\n"
" Rostige Sprache. Andere Themen wie WebAssembly und async/await sind "
"ebenfalls enthalten\n"
" bedeckt.\n"
"* [Anfängerserie bis\n"
" Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-series-to-rust/) "
"und\n"
" [Machen Sie Ihre ersten Schritte mit\n"
" Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): "
"zwei\n"
" Rust-Leitfäden für neue Entwickler. Die erste ist eine Reihe von 35 Videos "
"und die\n"
" Das zweite ist ein Satz von 11 Modulen, der die Rust-Syntax und "
"grundlegende Konstrukte abdeckt."
#: src/other-resources.md:63
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) "
"for\n"
"even more Rust books."
msgstr ""
"Weitere Informationen finden Sie im [Little Book of Rust Books] (https://"
"lborb.github.io/book/).\n"
"noch mehr Rust-Bücher."
#: src/credits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Credits"
msgstr "# Credits"
#: src/credits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust "
"documentation.\n"
"See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a full list of "
"useful\n"
"resources."
msgstr ""
"Das Material hier baut auf den vielen großartigen Quellen der Rust-"
"Dokumentation auf.\n"
"Auf der Seite [andere Ressourcen] (other-resources.md) finden Sie eine "
"vollständige Liste nützlicher Ressourcen\n"
"Ressourcen."
#: src/credits.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache "
"2.0\n"
"license, please see [`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) for details."
msgstr ""
"Das Material von Comprehensive Rust ist unter den Bedingungen von Apache 2.0 "
"lizenziert\n"
"Lizenz finden Sie unter [`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) für Einzelheiten."
#: src/credits.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Rust by Example"
msgstr "## Rost zum Beispiel"
#: src/credits.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by\n"
"Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the\n"
"`third_party/rust-by-example/` directory for details, including the license\n"
"terms."
msgstr ""
"Einige Beispiele und Übungen wurden aus [Rust by\n"
"Beispiel](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Bitte sehen Sie "
"sich ... an\n"
"`third_party/rust-by-example/`-Verzeichnis für Details, einschließlich der "
"Lizenz\n"
"Bedingungen."
#: src/credits.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Rust on Exercism"
msgstr "## Rost auf Übung"
#: src/credits.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on\n"
"Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the\n"
"`third_party/rust-on-exercism/` directory for details, including the "
"license\n"
"terms."
msgstr ""
"Einige Übungen wurden von [Rust on\n"
"Übung] (https://exercism.org/tracks/rust). Bitte sehen Sie sich ... an\n"
"`third_party/rust-on-exercism/`-Verzeichnis für Details, einschließlich der "
"Lizenz\n"
"Bedingungen."
#: src/credits.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "## CXX"
msgstr "##CXX"
#: src/credits.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section "
"uses an\n"
"image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` "
"directory\n"
"for details, including the license terms."
msgstr ""
"Der Abschnitt [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) "
"verwendet eine\n"
"Bild von [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Bitte sehen Sie sich das Verzeichnis "
"`third_party/cxx/` an\n"
"für Details, einschließlich der Lizenzbedingungen."
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Solutions"
msgstr "# Lösungen"
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages."
msgstr "Auf den folgenden Seiten finden Sie Lösungen zu den Aufgaben."
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:5
msgid ""
"Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on\n"
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us "
"know\n"
"if you have a different or better solution than what is presented here."
msgstr ""
"Habe keine falsche Scheu, fragen zu den Lösungen [auf\n"
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions) zu "
"stellen. Lass uns wissen\n"
"wenn Du eine andere oder bessere Lösung als die hier vorgestellte hast."
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:10
msgid ""
"> **Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label`\n"
"> comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to\n"
"> re-use parts of the solutions as the exercises."
msgstr ""
"> **Hinweis:** Bitte ignoriere `// ANCHOR: label` und `// ANCHOR_END: "
"label`\n"
"> Kommentare, die Du in den Lösungen siehst. Sie sind da, um es zu "
"ermöglichen\n"
"> Teile der Lösungen als Aufgaben wiederverwenden."
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 1 Morning Exercises"
msgstr "# Tag 1 Morgengymnastik"
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Arrays and `for` Loops"
msgstr "## Arrays und „for“-Schleifen"
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))"
msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](for-loops.md))"
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: transpose\n"
"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n"
" let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n"
" for i in 0..3 {\n"
" for j in 0..3 {\n"
" result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" return result;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n"
"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n"
" for row in matrix {\n"
" println!(\"{row:?}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: tests\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_transpose() {\n"
" let matrix = [\n"
" [101, 102, 103], //\n"
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
" ];\n"
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
" assert_eq!(\n"
" transposed,\n"
" [\n"
" [101, 201, 301], //\n"
" [102, 202, 302],\n"
" [103, 203, 303],\n"
" ]\n"
" );\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: tests\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let matrix = [\n"
" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
" ];\n"
"\n"
" println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
" pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
"\n"
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
" println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
" pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:78
msgid "### Bonus question"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:80
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a slice-"
"of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus make our "
"function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks down: the "
"return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the data you return."
msgstr ""
"Es funktioniert ehrlich gesagt nicht so gut. Es scheint, als könnten wir ein "
"Slice-of-Slices (`&[&[i32]]`) als Eingabetyp für die Transponierung "
"verwenden und unsere Funktion so dazu bringen, jede Matrixgröße zu "
"handhaben. Dies bricht jedoch schnell zusammen: Der Rückgabetyp kann nicht "
"`&[&[i32]]` sein, da er die von Ihnen zurückgegebenen Daten besitzen muss."
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:82
msgid ""
"You can attempt to use something like `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, but this doesn't work "
"out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec<Vec<i32>>` to "
"`&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either."
msgstr ""
"Du kannst versuchen, so etwas wie `Vec<Vec<i32>>` zu verwenden, aber das "
"funktioniert auch nicht sehr gut: Es ist schwierig, `Vec<Vec<i32>>` in "
"`&[&[i32]] umzuwandeln. ` also kannst Du jetzt auch `pretty_print` nicht "
"einfach verwenden."
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:84
msgid ""
"Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::convert::"
"AsRef`][1] trait to abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:86
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"use std::convert::AsRef;\n"
"use std::fmt::Debug;\n"
"\n"
"fn pretty_print<T, Line, Matrix>(matrix: Matrix)\n"
"where\n"
" T: Debug,\n"
" // A line references a slice of items\n"
" Line: AsRef<[T]>,\n"
" // A matrix references a slice of lines\n"
" Matrix: AsRef<[Line]>\n"
"{\n"
" for row in matrix.as_ref() {\n"
" println!(\"{:?}\", row.as_ref());\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" // &[&[i32]]\n"
" pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n"
" // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n"
" pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n"
" // Vec<Vec<i32>>\n"
" pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:113
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are of "
"the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix."
msgstr ""
"Außerdem würde der Typ selbst nicht erzwingen, dass die untergeordneten "
"Slices dieselbe Länge haben, sodass eine solche Variable eine ungültige "
"Matrix enthalten könnte."
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 1 Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "# Tag 1 Nachmittagsübungen"
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Designing a Library"
msgstr "## Entwerfen einer Bibliothek"
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))"
msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](book-library.md))"
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
"struct Library {\n"
" books: Vec<Book>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"struct Book {\n"
" title: String,\n"
" year: u16,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Book {\n"
" // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
" Book {\n"
" title: String::from(title),\n"
" year,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n"
"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n"
"//\n"
"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n"
"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n"
"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n"
"impl Library {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Library_new\n"
" fn new() -> Library {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n"
" Library { books: Vec::new() }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Library_len\n"
" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n"
" //}\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n"
" fn len(&self) -> usize {\n"
" self.books.len()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n"
" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n"
" //}\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n"
" fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
" self.books.is_empty()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n"
" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n"
" //}\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n"
" fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n"
" self.books.push(book)\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n"
" //fn print_books(self) {\n"
" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and "
"year\")\n"
" //}\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n"
" fn print_books(&self) {\n"
" for book in &self.books {\n"
" println!(\"{}, published in {}\", book.title, book.year);\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n"
" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n"
" //}\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n"
" fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
" // Using a closure and a built-in method:\n"
" // self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n"
"\n"
" // Longer hand-written solution:\n"
" let mut oldest: Option<&Book> = None;\n"
" for book in self.books.iter() {\n"
" if oldest.is_none() || book.year < oldest.unwrap().year {\n"
" oldest = Some(book);\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" oldest\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let library = Library::new();\n"
"\n"
" //println!(\"The library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n"
" //\n"
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
"1865));\n"
" //\n"
" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n"
" //\n"
" //\n"
" //library.print_books();\n"
" //\n"
" //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n"
" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n"
" //}\n"
" //\n"
" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
" //library.print_books();\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_library_len() {\n"
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
" assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n"
" assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
"\n"
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
"1865));\n"
" assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n"
" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_library_is_empty() {\n"
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
" assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
"\n"
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_library_print_books() {\n"
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
"1865));\n"
" // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n"
" // method to start with.\n"
" library.print_books();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n"
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
" assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());\n"
"\n"
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
" assert_eq!(\n"
" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
" Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n"
" );\n"
"\n"
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
"1865));\n"
" assert_eq!(\n"
" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
" Some(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\")\n"
" );\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 2 Morning Exercises"
msgstr "# Tag 2 Morgengymnastik"
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Points and Polygons"
msgstr "## Punkte und Polygone"
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))"
msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](points-polygons.md))"
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
"// ANCHOR: Point\n"
"pub struct Point {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Point\n"
" x: i32,\n"
" y: i32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n"
"impl Point {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n"
" pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n"
" Point { x, y }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n"
" f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n"
" (self - other).magnitude()\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
" type Output = Self;\n"
"\n"
" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
" Self {\n"
" x: self.x + other.x,\n"
" y: self.y + other.y,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n"
" type Output = Self;\n"
"\n"
" fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
" Self {\n"
" x: self.x - other.x,\n"
" y: self.y - other.y,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Polygon\n"
"pub struct Polygon {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n"
" points: Vec<Point>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n"
"impl Polygon {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n"
" pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n"
" Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n"
" self.points.push(point);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option<Point> {\n"
" self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Point> {\n"
" self.points.iter()\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n"
" if self.points.is_empty() {\n"
" return 0.0;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" let mut result = 0.0;\n"
" let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n"
" for point in &self.points[1..] {\n"
" result += last_point.dist(*point);\n"
" last_point = *point;\n"
" }\n"
" result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n"
" result\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Circle\n"
"pub struct Circle {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n"
" center: Point,\n"
" radius: i32,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n"
"impl Circle {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n"
" pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n"
" Circle { center, radius }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n"
" 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n"
" self.center.dist(other.center)\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Shape\n"
"pub enum Shape {\n"
" Polygon(Polygon),\n"
" Circle(Circle),\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: Shape\n"
"\n"
"impl From<Polygon> for Shape {\n"
" fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n"
" Shape::Polygon(poly)\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl From<Circle> for Shape {\n"
" fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n"
" Shape::Circle(circle)\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Shape {\n"
" pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n"
" match self {\n"
" Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n"
" Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
"mod tests {\n"
" use super::*;\n"
"\n"
" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_point_dist() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_point_add() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
"\n"
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
"\n"
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
"\n"
" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
" let shapes = vec![\n"
" Shape::from(poly),\n"
" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
" ];\n"
" let perimeters = shapes\n"
" .iter()\n"
" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
" .map(round_two_digits)\n"
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 2 Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "# Tag 2 Nachmittagsübungen"
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Luhn Algorithm"
msgstr "## Luhn-Algorithmus"
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))"
msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](luhn.md))"
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: luhn\n"
"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n"
" let mut digits_seen = 0;\n"
" let mut sum = 0;\n"
" for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ')."
"enumerate() {\n"
" match ch.to_digit(10) {\n"
" Some(d) => {\n"
" sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n"
" let dd = d * 2;\n"
" dd / 10 + dd % 10\n"
" } else {\n"
" d\n"
" };\n"
" digits_seen += 1;\n"
" }\n"
" None => return false,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" if digits_seen < 2 {\n"
" return false;\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" sum % 10 == 0\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n"
" println!(\n"
" \"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n"
" if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n"
" );\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:97
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Strings and Iterators"
msgstr "## Strings und Iteratoren"
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:99
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))"
msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](strings-iterators.md))"
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:101
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n"
"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n"
" let prefixes = prefix.split('/');\n"
" let request_paths = request_path\n"
" .split('/')\n"
" .map(|p| Some(p))\n"
" .chain(std::iter::once(None));\n"
"\n"
" for (prefix, request_path) in prefixes.zip(request_paths) {\n"
" match request_path {\n"
" Some(request_path) => {\n"
" if (prefix != \"*\") && (prefix != request_path) {\n"
" return false;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" None => return false,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" true\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/"
"abc-123\"));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/"
"books\"));\n"
"\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/"
"publishers\"));\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[test]\n"
"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
" ));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
" ));\n"
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
" ));\n"
"\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/"
"publishers\"));\n"
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
" ));\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 3 Morning Exercise"
msgstr "# Tag 3 Morgengymnastik"
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## A Simple GUI Library"
msgstr "## Eine einfache GUI-Bibliothek"
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))"
msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](simple-gui.md))"
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
"pub trait Widget {\n"
" /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
"\n"
" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
"\n"
" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
" fn draw(&self) {\n"
" let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Label {\n"
" label: String,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Label {\n"
" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
" Label {\n"
" label: label.to_owned(),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Button {\n"
" label: Label,\n"
" callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Button {\n"
" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
" Button {\n"
" label: Label::new(label),\n"
" callback,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"pub struct Window {\n"
" title: String,\n"
" widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Window {\n"
" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
" Window {\n"
" title: title.to_owned(),\n"
" widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
" self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" std::cmp::max(\n"
" self.title.chars().count(),\n"
" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
" )\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Window-width\n"
"impl Widget for Window {\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n"
" // Add 4 paddings for borders\n"
" self.inner_width() + 4\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n"
" let mut inner = String::new();\n"
" for widget in &self.widgets {\n"
" widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" let inner_width = self.inner_width();\n"
"\n"
" // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n"
" // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n"
" // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"| {:^inner_width$} |\", &self.title).unwrap();\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"+={:=<inner_width$}=+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" for line in inner.lines() {\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"| {:inner_width$} |\", line).unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Button-width\n"
"impl Widget for Button {\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n"
" self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n"
" let width = self.width();\n"
" let mut label = String::new();\n"
" self.label.draw_into(&mut label);\n"
"\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" for line in label.lines() {\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"|{:^width$}|\", &line).unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Label-width\n"
"impl Widget for Label {\n"
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n"
" self.label\n"
" .lines()\n"
" .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n"
" .max()\n"
" .unwrap_or(0)\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n"
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n"
" writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo."
"\")));\n"
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
" \"Click me!\",\n"
" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
" )));\n"
" window.draw();\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Day 3 Afternoon Exercises"
msgstr "# Tag 3 Nachmittagsübungen"
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Safe FFI Wrapper"
msgstr "## Sicherer FFI-Wrapper"
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: ffi\n"
"mod ffi {\n"
" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n"
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};\n"
"\n"
" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
" #[repr(C)]\n"
" pub struct DIR {\n"
" _data: [u8; 0],\n"
" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::"
"PhantomPinned)>,\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Layout as per readdir(3) and definitions in /usr/include/x86_64-linux-"
"gnu.\n"
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
" #[repr(C)]\n"
" pub struct dirent {\n"
" pub d_ino: c_long,\n"
" pub d_off: c_ulong,\n"
" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
" pub d_type: c_char,\n"
" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Layout as per man entry for dirent\n"
" #[cfg(target_os = \"macos\")]\n"
" #[repr(C)]\n"
" pub struct dirent {\n"
" pub d_ino: u64,\n"
" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n"
" pub d_reclen: u16,\n"
" pub d_namlen: u16,\n"
" pub d_type: u8,\n"
" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" extern \"C\" {\n"
" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
" path: CString,\n"
" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: ffi\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n"
"impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
" fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n"
" let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid path: "
"{err}\"))?;\n"
" // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n"
" let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n"
" if dir.is_null() {\n"
" Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n"
" } else {\n"
" Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Iterator\n"
"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
" type Item = OsString;\n"
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n"
" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n"
" let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n"
" if dirent.is_null() {\n"
" // We have reached the end of the directory.\n"
" return None;\n"
" }\n"
" // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n"
" // terminated.\n"
" let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n"
" let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n"
" Some(os_str.to_owned())\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Drop\n"
"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
" // Call closedir as needed.\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n"
" if !self.dir.is_null() {\n"
" // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n"
" if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n"
" panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
" Ok(())\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"\n"
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
"mod tests {\n"
" use super::*;\n"
" use std::error::Error;\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_nonexisting_directory() {\n"
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\"no-such-directory\");\n"
" assert!(iter.is_err());\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_empty_directory() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n"
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n"
" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n"
" )?;\n"
" let mut entries = iter.collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
" entries.sort();\n"
" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\"]);\n"
" Ok(())\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" #[test]\n"
" fn test_nonempty_directory() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n"
" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"foo.txt\"), \"The Foo "
"Diaries\\n\")?;\n"
" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"bar.png\"), \"<PNG>\\n\")?;\n"
" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"crab.rs\"), \"//! Crab\\n\")?;\n"
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n"
" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n"
" )?;\n"
" let mut entries = iter.collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
" entries.sort();\n"
" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\", \"bar.png\", \"crab.rs\", \"foo."
"txt\"]);\n"
" Ok(())\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise"
msgstr "# Tag 3 Morgengymnastik"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Compass"
msgstr "# Vergleich"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))"
msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](for-loops.md))"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: top\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
"\n"
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: top\n"
"use core::cmp::{max, min};\n"
"use lsm303agr::{AccelOutputDataRate, Lsm303agr, MagOutputDataRate};\n"
"use microbit::display::blocking::Display;\n"
"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n"
"use microbit::hal::twim::Twim;\n"
"use microbit::hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte};\n"
"use microbit::hal::Timer;\n"
"use microbit::pac::twim0::frequency::FREQUENCY_A;\n"
"use microbit::Board;\n"
"\n"
"const COMPASS_SCALE: i32 = 30000;\n"
"const ACCELEROMETER_SCALE: i32 = 700;\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"#[entry]\n"
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" // Configure serial port.\n"
" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
" board.UARTE0,\n"
" board.uart.into(),\n"
" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
" );\n"
"\n"
" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: main\n"
" writeln!(serial, \"Setting up IMU...\").unwrap();\n"
" let i2c = Twim::new(board.TWIM0, board.i2c_internal.into(), FREQUENCY_A::"
"K100);\n"
" let mut imu = Lsm303agr::new_with_i2c(i2c);\n"
" imu.init().unwrap();\n"
" imu.set_mag_odr(MagOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
" imu.set_accel_odr(AccelOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
" let mut imu = imu.into_mag_continuous().ok().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" // Set up display and timer.\n"
" let mut timer = Timer::new(board.TIMER0);\n"
" let mut display = Display::new(board.display_pins);\n"
"\n"
" let mut mode = Mode::Compass;\n"
" let mut button_pressed = false;\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: loop\n"
" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" loop {\n"
" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: loop\n"
" while !(imu.mag_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data\n"
" && imu.accel_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data)\n"
" {}\n"
" let compass_reading = imu.mag_data().unwrap();\n"
" let accelerometer_reading = imu.accel_data().unwrap();\n"
" writeln!(\n"
" serial,\n"
" \"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\",\n"
" compass_reading.x,\n"
" compass_reading.y,\n"
" compass_reading.z,\n"
" accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
" accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
" accelerometer_reading.z,\n"
" )\n"
" .unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" let mut image = [[0; 5]; 5];\n"
" let (x, y) = match mode {\n"
" Mode::Compass => (\n"
" scale(-compass_reading.x, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, "
"4) as usize,\n"
" scale(compass_reading.y, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, "
"4) as usize,\n"
" ),\n"
" Mode::Accelerometer => (\n"
" scale(\n"
" accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
" 0,\n"
" 4,\n"
" ) as usize,\n"
" scale(\n"
" -accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
" 0,\n"
" 4,\n"
" ) as usize,\n"
" ),\n"
" };\n"
" image[y][x] = 255;\n"
" display.show(&mut timer, image, 100);\n"
"\n"
" // If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink "
"all LEDs on.\n"
" if board.buttons.button_a.is_low().unwrap() {\n"
" if !button_pressed {\n"
" mode = mode.next();\n"
" display.show(&mut timer, [[255; 5]; 5], 200);\n"
" }\n"
" button_pressed = true;\n"
" } else {\n"
" button_pressed = false;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
"enum Mode {\n"
" Compass,\n"
" Accelerometer,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Mode {\n"
" fn next(self) -> Self {\n"
" match self {\n"
" Self::Compass => Self::Accelerometer,\n"
" Self::Accelerometer => Self::Compass,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn scale(value: i32, min_in: i32, max_in: i32, min_out: i32, max_out: i32) -"
"> i32 {\n"
" let range_in = max_in - min_in;\n"
" let range_out = max_out - min_out;\n"
" cap(\n"
" min_out + range_out * (value - min_in) / range_in,\n"
" min_out,\n"
" max_out,\n"
" )\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"fn cap(value: i32, min_value: i32, max_value: i32) -> i32 {\n"
" max(min_value, min(value, max_value))\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:1
msgid "# Bare Metal Rust Afternoon"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:3
msgid "## RTC driver"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))"
msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](luhn.md))"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:7
msgid "`main.rs`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:9
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: top\n"
"#![no_main]\n"
"#![no_std]\n"
"\n"
"mod exceptions;\n"
"mod logger;\n"
"mod pl011;\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: top\n"
"mod pl031;\n"
"\n"
"use crate::pl031::Rtc;\n"
"use arm_gic::gicv3::{IntId, Trigger};\n"
"use arm_gic::{irq_enable, wfi};\n"
"use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};\n"
"use core::hint::spin_loop;\n"
"// ANCHOR: imports\n"
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n"
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n"
"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n"
"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: imports\n"
"\n"
"/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n"
"const PL031_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x901_0000 as _;\n"
"/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n"
"const PL031_IRQ: IntId = IntId::spi(2);\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
"#[no_mangle]\n"
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
"device,\n"
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the "
"base\n"
" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n"
" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n"
" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, "
"GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
" gic.setup();\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"\n"
" // Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 "
"device,\n"
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
" let mut rtc = unsafe { Rtc::new(PL031_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
" let timestamp = rtc.read();\n"
" let time = Utc.timestamp_opt(timestamp.into(), 0).unwrap();\n"
" info!(\"RTC: {time}\");\n"
"\n"
" GicV3::set_priority_mask(0xff);\n"
" gic.set_interrupt_priority(PL031_IRQ, 0x80);\n"
" gic.set_trigger(PL031_IRQ, Trigger::Level);\n"
" irq_enable();\n"
" gic.enable_interrupt(PL031_IRQ, true);\n"
"\n"
" // Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n"
" let target = timestamp + 3;\n"
" rtc.set_match(target);\n"
" info!(\n"
" \"Waiting for {}\",\n"
" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n"
" );\n"
" trace!(\n"
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
" rtc.matched(),\n"
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
" );\n"
" while !rtc.matched() {\n"
" spin_loop();\n"
" }\n"
" trace!(\n"
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
" rtc.matched(),\n"
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
" );\n"
" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n"
"\n"
" // Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n"
" let target = timestamp + 6;\n"
" info!(\n"
" \"Waiting for {}\",\n"
" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n"
" );\n"
" rtc.set_match(target);\n"
" rtc.clear_interrupt();\n"
" rtc.enable_interrupt(true);\n"
" trace!(\n"
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
" rtc.matched(),\n"
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
" );\n"
" while !rtc.interrupt_pending() {\n"
" wfi();\n"
" }\n"
" trace!(\n"
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
" rtc.matched(),\n"
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
" );\n"
" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: main_end\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[panic_handler]\n"
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
" error!(\"{info}\");\n"
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
" loop {}\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: main_end\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:149
msgid "`pl031.rs`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:151
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n"
"\n"
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
"struct Registers {\n"
" /// Data register\n"
" dr: u32,\n"
" /// Match register\n"
" mr: u32,\n"
" /// Load register\n"
" lr: u32,\n"
" /// Control register\n"
" cr: u8,\n"
" _reserved0: [u8; 3],\n"
" /// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n"
" imsc: u8,\n"
" _reserved1: [u8; 3],\n"
" /// Raw Interrupt Status\n"
" ris: u8,\n"
" _reserved2: [u8; 3],\n"
" /// Masked Interrupt Status\n"
" mis: u8,\n"
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
" /// Interrupt Clear Register\n"
" icr: u8,\n"
" _reserved4: [u8; 3],\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n"
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
"pub struct Rtc {\n"
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"impl Rtc {\n"
" /// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at "
"the\n"
" /// given base address.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// # Safety\n"
" ///\n"
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of "
"a\n"
" /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
"process\n"
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
" Self {\n"
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Reads the current RTC value.\n"
" pub fn read(&self) -> u32 {\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an "
"interrupt\n"
" /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n"
" pub fn set_match(&mut self, value: u32) {\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).mr).write_volatile(value) }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or "
"not\n"
" /// the interrupt is enabled.\n"
" pub fn matched(&self) -> bool {\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).ris)."
"read_volatile() };\n"
" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// This should be true iff `matched` returns true and the interrupt is\n"
" /// masked.\n"
" pub fn interrupt_pending(&self) -> bool {\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).mis)."
"read_volatile() };\n"
" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false "
"the\n"
" /// interrupt is disabled.\n"
" pub fn enable_interrupt(&mut self, mask: bool) {\n"
" let imsc = if mask { 0x01 } else { 0x00 };\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).imsc)."
"write_volatile(imsc) }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" /// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n"
" pub fn clear_interrupt(&mut self) {\n"
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).icr).write_volatile(0x01) }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
"// accessed from any context.\n"
"unsafe impl Send for Rtc {}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Concurrency Morning Exercise"
msgstr "# Tag 3 Morgengymnastik"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Dining Philosophers"
msgstr "## Essende Philosophen"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))"
msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](dining-philosophers.md))"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust\n"
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n"
"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
"use std::thread;\n"
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
"\n"
"struct Fork;\n"
"\n"
"struct Philosopher {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n"
" left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
" right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
" thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n"
"impl Philosopher {\n"
" fn think(&self) {\n"
" self.thoughts\n"
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
" .unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n"
" fn eat(&self) {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n"
" println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n"
" let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
" let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
"\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);\n"
"\n"
" let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n"
" .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n"
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
"\n"
" for i in 0..forks.len() {\n"
" let tx = tx.clone();\n"
" let mut left_fork = forks[i].clone();\n"
" let mut right_fork = forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()].clone();\n"
"\n"
" // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
" // either of them.\n"
" if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n"
" std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" let philosopher = Philosopher {\n"
" name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n"
" thoughts: tx,\n"
" left_fork,\n"
" right_fork,\n"
" };\n"
"\n"
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
" for _ in 0..100 {\n"
" philosopher.eat();\n"
" philosopher.think();\n"
" }\n"
" });\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" drop(tx);\n"
" for thought in rx {\n"
" println!(\"{thought}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "# Concurrency Afternoon Exercise"
msgstr "# Tag 1 Nachmittagsübungen"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "## Dining Philosophers - Async"
msgstr "## Essende Philosophen"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))"
msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](dining-philosophers.md))"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:7
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n"
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
"use tokio::time;\n"
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n"
"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n"
"\n"
"struct Fork;\n"
"\n"
"struct Philosopher {\n"
" name: String,\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n"
" left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
" right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
" thoughts: Sender<String>,\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n"
"impl Philosopher {\n"
" async fn think(&self) {\n"
" self.thoughts\n"
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))."
"await\n"
" .unwrap();\n"
" }\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n"
" async fn eat(&self) {\n"
" // Pick up forks...\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n"
" let _first_lock = self.left_fork.lock().await;\n"
" // Add a delay before picking the second fork to allow the "
"execution\n"
" // to transfer to another task\n"
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(1)).await;\n"
" let _second_lock = self.right_fork.lock().await;\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-body\n"
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-body\n"
"\n"
" // The locks are dropped here\n"
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
" // Create forks\n"
" let mut forks = vec![];\n"
" (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len()).for_each(|_| forks.push(Arc::new(Mutex::"
"new(Fork))));\n"
"\n"
" // Create philosophers\n"
" let (philosophers, mut rx) = {\n"
" let mut philosophers = vec![];\n"
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n"
" for (i, name) in PHILOSOPHERS.iter().enumerate() {\n"
" let left_fork = forks[i].clone();\n"
" let right_fork = forks[(i + 1) % PHILOSOPHERS.len()].clone();\n"
" philosophers.push(Philosopher {\n"
" name: name.to_string(),\n"
" left_fork: if i % 2 == 0 { left_fork.clone() } else "
"{ right_fork.clone() },\n"
" right_fork: if i % 2 == 0 { right_fork } else "
"{ left_fork },\n"
" thoughts: tx.clone(),\n"
" });\n"
" }\n"
" (philosophers, rx)\n"
" // tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n"
" };\n"
"\n"
" // Make them think and eat\n"
" for phil in philosophers {\n"
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
" for _ in 0..100 {\n"
" phil.think().await;\n"
" phil.eat().await;\n"
" }\n"
" });\n"
"\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" // Output their thoughts\n"
" while let Some(thought) = rx.recv().await {\n"
" println!(\"Here is a thought: {thought}\");\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:113
msgid "## Broadcast Chat Application"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:115
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))"
msgstr "([zurück zur Übung](luhn.md))"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:119
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n"
"use std::error::Error;\n"
"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n"
"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n"
"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n"
"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: handle_connection\n"
"async fn handle_connection(\n"
" addr: SocketAddr,\n"
" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream<TcpStream>,\n"
" bcast_tx: Sender<String>,\n"
") -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: handle_connection\n"
"\n"
" ws_stream\n"
" .send(Message::text(\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\".into()))\n"
" .await?;\n"
" let mut bcast_rx = bcast_tx.subscribe();\n"
"\n"
" // A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) "
"receiving\n"
" // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n"
" // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n"
" loop {\n"
" tokio::select! {\n"
" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n"
" match incoming {\n"
" Some(Ok(msg)) => {\n"
" let msg = msg.as_text()?;\n"
" println!(\"From client {addr:?} {msg:?}\");\n"
" bcast_tx.send(msg.into())?;\n"
" }\n"
" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
" None => return Ok(()),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" msg = bcast_rx.recv() => {\n"
" ws_stream.send(Message::text(msg?)).await?;\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" // ANCHOR: main\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n"
"\n"
" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n"
" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n"
"\n"
" loop {\n"
" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n"
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n"
" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n"
"\n"
" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n"
" });\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:204
msgid ""
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
"\n"
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n"
"use http::Uri;\n"
"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n"
"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n"
"\n"
"#[tokio::main]\n"
"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n"
" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::"
"from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n"
" .connect()\n"
" .await?;\n"
"\n"
" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n"
" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin);\n"
"\n"
" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
" // Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n"
" loop {\n"
" let mut line = String::new();\n"
" tokio::select! {\n"
" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n"
" match incoming {\n"
" Some(Ok(msg)) => println!(\"From server: {}\", msg."
"as_text()?),\n"
" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
" None => return Ok(()),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" res = stdin.read_line(&mut line) => {\n"
" match res {\n"
" Ok(0) => return Ok(()),\n"
" Ok(_) => ws_stream.send(Message::text(line.trim_end()."
"to_string())).await?,\n"
" Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#~ msgid "Day 4"
#~ msgstr "Der vierte Tag"
#~ msgid "Closures"
#~ msgstr "Funktionsabschlüsse"
#~ msgid "Day 4: Morning"
#~ msgstr "Tag 4: Morgens"
#~ msgid "Day 4: Afternoon (Android)"
#~ msgstr "Tag 4: Nachmittags (Android)"
#~ msgid "Day 4: Afternoon (Async)"
#~ msgstr "Tag 4: Nachmittags (Async)"
#~ msgid "Day 4 Morning"
#~ msgstr "Tag 4 Morgens"
#~ msgid "On Day 4, we will cover Android-specific things such as:"
#~ msgstr "An Tag 4 behandeln wir Android-spezifische Dinge wie:"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Building Android components in Rust.\n"
#~ "* AIDL servers and clients.\n"
#~ "* Interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Erstellen von Android-Komponenten in Rust.\n"
#~ "* AIDL-Server und -Klienten.\n"
#~ "* Interoperabilität mit C, C++ und Java."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "It is important to note that this course does not cover Android "
#~ "**application** \n"
#~ "development in Rust, and that the Android-specific parts are specifically "
#~ "about\n"
#~ "writing code for Android itself, the operating system. "
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Es ist wichtig zu beachten, dass dieser Kurs keine Android "
#~ "**Anwendungsentwicklung** abdeckt \n"
#~ "und dass es bei den Android-spezifischen Teilen um das \n"
#~ "Schreiben von Code für das Betriebssystem Android geht. "
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Learn how to use async Rust --- we'll only mention async Rust when\n"
#~ " covering traditional concurrency primitives. Please see [Asynchronous\n"
#~ " Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) instead "
#~ "for\n"
#~ " details on this topic.\n"
#~ "* Learn how to develop macros, please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust\n"
#~ " Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by\n"
#~ " Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Lernen, wie man asynchrones Rust verwendet – wir erwähnen asynchrones "
#~ "Rust nur dann, wenn\n"
#~ " wir traditionelle Nebenläufigkeitsprimitive abdecken. Siehe "
#~ "[Asynchronous\n"
#~ " Programmierung in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) für\n"
#~ " Details zu diesem Thema.\n"
#~ "* Lernen, wie man Makros entwickelt, siehe [Kapitel 19.5 im Rust\n"
#~ " Buch](https://rust-lang-de.github.io/rustbook-de/ch19-06-macros.html) "
#~ "und [Rust by\n"
#~ " Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html)."
#~ msgid "# Day 4"
#~ msgstr "# Tag 4"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The afternoon of the fourth day should cover a topic of your choice. "
#~ "Include\n"
#~ "the topic in the announcement of the course, so that participants know "
#~ "what to\n"
#~ "expect."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Der Nachmittag des vierten Tages sollte ein von dir ausgewähltes Thema "
#~ "behandeln.\n"
#~ "Erwähne das ausgewählte Thema in der Kursankündigung, sodass Teilnehmer "
#~ "wissen was auf sie zukommt."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "This phase of the course is a chance for participants to see Rust in "
#~ "action on a\n"
#~ "codebase they might be familiar with. You can choose from the topics "
#~ "already\n"
#~ "defined here, or plan your own."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Dieser Abschnitt des Kurses ermöglicht es Teilnehmern Rust in einer "
#~ "Codebasis zu sehen die siemöglicherweise schon kennen. Du kannst entweder "
#~ "von den hier vorgeschlagenen Themen wählen, oder dein eigenes Thema "
#~ "planen."
#~ msgid "Some topics need additional preparation:"
#~ msgstr "Manche Themen benötigen eine besondere Vorbereitung:"
#~ msgid "## Async"
#~ msgstr "## Async"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "<details>\n"
#~ "Key points:"
#~ msgstr "Kernpunkte:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
#~ "fn main() {\n"
#~ " fizzbuzz_to(20); // Defined below, no forward declaration needed\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "\n"
#~ "fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n"
#~ " if rhs == 0 {\n"
#~ " return false; // Corner case, early return\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return "
#~ "value\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "\n"
#~ "fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // No return value means returning the unit "
#~ "type `()`\n"
#~ " match (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) {\n"
#~ " (true, true) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"),\n"
#~ " (true, false) => println!(\"fizz\"),\n"
#~ " (false, true) => println!(\"buzz\"),\n"
#~ " (false, false) => println!(\"{n}\"),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "\n"
#~ "fn fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) { // `-> ()` is normally omitted\n"
#~ " for i in 1..=n {\n"
#~ " fizzbuzz(i);\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // Kein Rückgabewert bedeutet Rückgabe des "
#~ "Einheitentyps `()`\n"
#~ " Übereinstimmung (ist_teilbar_durch(n, 3), ist_teilbar_durch(n, 5)) {\n"
#~ " (true, true) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"),\n"
#~ " (wahr, falsch) => println!(\"fizz\"),\n"
#~ " (falsch, wahr) => println!(\"summen\"),\n"
#~ " (falsch, falsch) => println!(\"{n}\"),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "</defails>"
#~ msgstr "</defails>"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "<details>\n"
#~ "Key Points: "
#~ msgstr "Wichtige Punkte:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "You use `if` very similarly to how you would in other languages:"
#~ msgstr "Sie verwenden \"if\" sehr ähnlich wie in anderen Sprachen:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "If you want to match a value against a pattern, you can use `if let`:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Wenn Sie einen Wert mit einem Muster abgleichen möchten, können Sie `if "
#~ "let` verwenden:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The `while` keyword works very similar to other languages:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Das Schlüsselwort „while“ funktioniert sehr ähnlich wie in anderen "
#~ "Sprachen:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "# `for` expressions"
#~ msgstr "# `for`-Ausdrücke"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`] module, particular for "
#~ "[`CStr`]\n"
#~ "and [`CString`] types which are used to hold NUL-terminated strings "
#~ "coming from\n"
#~ "C. The [Nomicon] also has a very useful chapter about FFI."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Sie sollten auch das Modul [`std::ffi`] durchsuchen, insbesondere nach "
#~ "[`CStr`]\n"
#~ "und [`CString`]-Typen, die verwendet werden, um NUL-terminierte "
#~ "Zeichenfolgen zu halten, die von kommen\n"
#~ "C. Das [Nomicon] hat auch ein sehr nützliches Kapitel über FFI."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "# Welcome to Day 4"
#~ msgstr "# Willkommen zu Tag 4"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "# Fearless Concurrency"
#~ msgstr "# Furchtlose Parallelität"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "# Runtimes and Tasks"
#~ msgstr "# Laufzeitgarantien"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "## Getting Started"
#~ msgstr "# Destrukturierende Strukturen"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`src/controller.rs`:"
#~ msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Use `cargo run` to run the elevator simulation."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Verwenden Sie \"Cargo Test\", um die Komponententests zu finden und "
#~ "auszuführen."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "## Exercises"
#~ msgstr "# Übungen"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "# Day 4 Morning Exercise"
#~ msgstr "# Tag 4 Morgengymnastik"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* `if let` can be more concise than `match`, e.g., when only one case is "
#~ "interesting. In contrast, `match` requires all branches to be covered.\n"
#~ " * For the similar use case consider demonstrating a newly stabilized "
#~ "[`let else`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/93628) feature.\n"
#~ "* A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`.\n"
#~ "* Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern "
#~ "matching."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* `if let` kann prägnanter sein als `match`, z. B. wenn nur ein Fall "
#~ "interessant ist. Im Gegensatz dazu erfordert \"Match\", dass alle Zweige "
#~ "abgedeckt werden.\n"
#~ " * Ziehen Sie für einen ähnlichen Anwendungsfall in Betracht, eine neu "
#~ "stabilisierte [`let else`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/93628)-"
#~ "Funktion zu demonstrieren.\n"
#~ "* Eine übliche Verwendung ist die Handhabung von `Some`-Werten bei der "
#~ "Arbeit mit `Option`.\n"
#~ "* Im Gegensatz zu `match` unterstützt `if let` keine Schutzklauseln für "
#~ "den Mustervergleich."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We've seen how a function can take arguments which implement a trait:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Wir haben gesehen, wie eine Funktion Argumente annehmen kann, die ein "
#~ "Merkmal implementieren:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "However, how can we store a collection of mixed types which implement "
#~ "`Display`?"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Wie können wir jedoch eine Sammlung gemischter Typen speichern, die "
#~ "\"Display\" implementieren?"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "For this, we need _trait objects_:"
#~ msgstr "Dafür brauchen wir _trait objects_:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Similarly, you need a trait object if you want to return different types\n"
#~ "implementing a trait:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ebenso benötigen Sie ein Trait-Objekt, wenn Sie andere Werte zurückgeben "
#~ "möchten\n"
#~ "Implementieren eines Merkmals:"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "1. Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included "
#~ "speaker notes\n"
#~ " on some of the pages to help highlight the key points (please help us "
#~ "by\n"
#~ " contributing more speaker notes!). You should make sure to open the "
#~ "speaker\n"
#~ " notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to "
#~ "\"Speaker\n"
#~ " Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "1. Mach dich mit dem Kursmaterial vertraut. Wir haben Sprechernotizen an "
#~ "einigen \n"
#~ " Stellen hinzugefügt, um die wichtigsten Punkte hervorzuheben (du "
#~ "hilfts uns sehr, \n"
#~ " wenn du weitere Sprechernotizen beisteuerst!). Du solltest die "
#~ "Sprechernotizeb in \n"
#~ " einem Popup öffnen (klicke dazu auf dem Link mit einem kleinen Pfeil "
#~ "neben \n"
#~ " \"Sprechernotizen\"). Auf diese Weise präsentierst du den "
#~ "Kursteilnehmern nur \n"
#~ " das Kursmaterial."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "2. Decide on the dates. Since the course is large, we recommend that you\n"
#~ " schedule the four days over two weeks. Course participants have said "
#~ "that\n"
#~ " they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them "
#~ "process\n"
#~ " all the information we give them."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "2. Lege die Termine fest. Da der Kurs recht lang ist, empfehlen wir die 4 "
#~ "Tage \n"
#~ " verteilt über 2 Wochen zu legen. Bisherige Kursteilnehmer fanden es "
#~ "hilfreich, \n"
#~ " eine Lücke zwischen Kurstage zu haben, um das Material zu "
#~ "verinnerlichern."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "3. Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend "
#~ "a\n"
#~ " class size of 15-20 people. That's small enough that people are "
#~ "comfortable\n"
#~ " asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will "
#~ "have\n"
#~ " time to answer the questions."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "3. Finde einen Raum, der groß genug für alle in Person anwesenden "
#~ "Teilnehmer ist. \n"
#~ " Wir empfehlen eine Kursgröße von 15-20 Personen. Das ist klein genug, "
#~ "dass sich \n"
#~ " die Leute wohlfühlen Fragen stellen --- und es ist auch klein genug, "
#~ "dass der \n"
#~ " Lehrende Zeit hat alle Fragen zu beantworten."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "4. On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set "
#~ "things\n"
#~ " up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on "
#~ "your\n"
#~ " laptop. This ensures optimal performance with no lag as you change "
#~ "pages.\n"
#~ " Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as you or the "
#~ "course\n"
#~ " participants spot them."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "4. Erscheine am Tag des Kurses etwas früher in dem Raum, um alles "
#~ "vorzubereiten. \n"
#~ " Wir empfehlen, direkt `mdbook serve` auf deinem Laptop laufen zu "
#~ "lassen, und so \n"
#~ " den Kurz zu präsentieren. Das minimiert Verzögerungen beim "
#~ "Seitenwechsel und \n"
#~ " ermöglicht es, Tippfehler, die von Teilnehmern entdeckt werden, gleich "
#~ "währende\n"
#~ " des Kurses zu korrigieren."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "5. Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. Make "
#~ "sure to\n"
#~ " ask people if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. "
#~ "When\n"
#~ " you see that several people have the same problem, call it out to the "
#~ "class\n"
#~ " and offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the "
#~ "relevant\n"
#~ " information in the standard library."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "5. Lass die Teilnehmer die Übungen alleine oder in kleinen Gruppen lösen. "
#~ "Frage ab und zu nach,\n"
#~ " ob jemand nicht weiterkommt und ob es etwas gibt, wo du helfen kannst. "
#~ "Wenn du merkst,\n"
#~ " dass mehrere Personen die gleichen Probleme haben, solltest du dies im "
#~ "Kurs ansprechen\n"
#~ " und Hinweise geben, wo relevante Informationen (wie z.B. Teile der "
#~ "Standardbibliothek) zu \n"
#~ " finden sind."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[1]: https://source.android.com/docs/setup/download/downloading\n"
#~ "[2]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust\n"
#~ "[3]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/86\n"
#~ "[4]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[1]: https://source.android.com/docs/setup/download/downloading\n"
#~ "[2]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust\n"
#~ "[3]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/86\n"
#~ "[4]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "> **Exercise for Day 4:** Do you interface with some C/C++ code in your "
#~ "project\n"
#~ "> which we could attempt to move to Rust? The fewer dependencies the "
#~ "better.\n"
#~ "> Parsing code would be ideal."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "> **Übung für Tag 4:** Arbeitest du in deinem Projekt mit C/C++-Code,\n"
#~ "> den wir versuchen könnten nach Rust zu verschieben? Je weniger "
#~ "Abhängigkeiten, desto besser.\n"
#~ "> Parser-Code wäre ideal."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[1]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/\n"
#~ "[2]: https://code.visualstudio.com/\n"
#~ "[3]: https://rustup.rs/\n"
#~ "[4]: https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/\n"
#~ "[5]: https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[1]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/\n"
#~ "[2]: https://code.visualstudio.com/\n"
#~ "[3]: https://rustup.rs/\n"
#~ "[4]: https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/\n"
#~ "[5]: https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* `rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and "
#~ "other\n"
#~ " intermediate formats[^rustc]."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* „rustc“: der Rust-Compiler, der „.rs“-Dateien in Binärdateien und "
#~ "andere \n"
#~ " Zwischenformate umwandelt [^rustc]."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* `cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how "
#~ "to\n"
#~ " download dependencies hosted on <https://crates.io> and it will pass "
#~ "them to\n"
#~ " `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a built-in "
#~ "test\n"
#~ " runner which is used to execute unit tests[^cargo]."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* `cargo`: der Rust-Abhängigkeitsmanager und Build-Tool. Cargo weiß, wie "
#~ "es geht\n"
#~ " Laden Sie Abhängigkeiten herunter, die auf <https://crates.io> gehostet "
#~ "werden, und es wird sie an sie weitergeben\n"
#~ " `rustc`, wenn Sie Ihr Projekt erstellen. Cargo kommt auch mit einem "
#~ "eingebauten Test\n"
#~ " Runner, der zum Ausführen von Unit-Tests[^cargo] verwendet wird."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out\n"
#~ " every six weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with\n"
#~ " old releases --- plus they enable new functionality."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Rust hat einen schnellen Veröffentlichungszeitplan mit einer neuen "
#~ "Veröffentlichung, die herauskommt\n"
#~ " alle sechs Wochen. Neue Releases behalten die Abwärtskompatibilität "
#~ "mit\n"
#~ " alte Versionen --- und sie ermöglichen neue Funktionen."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Es gibt drei Veröffentlichungskanäle: „Stable“, „Beta“ und „Nightly“."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes\n"
#~ " \"stable\" every six weeks."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Neue Funktionen werden auf \"Nightly\" getestet, \"Beta\" ist das, was "
#~ "wird\n"
#~ " \"stabil\" alle sechs Wochen."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Rust also has [editions]: the current edition is Rust 2021. Previous\n"
#~ " editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Rust hat auch [Editionen]: Die aktuelle Edition ist Rust 2021. Zurück\n"
#~ " Editionen waren Rust 2015 und Rust 2018."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " * The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to\n"
#~ " the language."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " * Die Editionen dürfen rückwärtsinkompatible Änderungen vornehmen\n"
#~ " die Sprache."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " * To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the\n"
#~ " edition for your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " * Um das Brechen von Code zu verhindern, sind Editionen Opt-in: Sie "
#~ "wählen die aus\n"
#~ " Edition für Ihre Kiste über die Datei `Cargo.toml`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " * To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code\n"
#~ " written for different editions."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " * Um eine Aufspaltung des Ökosystems zu vermeiden, können Rust-Compiler "
#~ "Code mischen\n"
#~ " für verschiedene Editionen geschrieben."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " * Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not "
#~ "through `cargo` (most users never do)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " * Erwähnen Sie, dass es ziemlich selten vorkommt, den Compiler jemals "
#~ "direkt zu verwenden, nicht über `cargo` (die meisten Benutzer tun dies "
#~ "nie)."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " * It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful "
#~ "and comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features "
#~ "including but not limited to: \n"
#~ " * Project/package structure\n"
#~ " * [workspaces]\n"
#~ " * Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching\n"
#~ " * [build scripting]\n"
#~ " * [global installation]\n"
#~ " * It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as "
#~ "[cargo clippy]).\n"
#~ " * Read more from the [official Cargo Book]"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " * Es könnte erwähnenswert sein, dass Cargo selbst ein äußerst "
#~ "leistungsfähiges und umfassendes Werkzeug ist. Es verfügt über viele "
#~ "erweiterte Funktionen, einschließlich, aber nicht beschränkt auf:\n"
#~ " * Projekt-/Paketstruktur\n"
#~ " * [Arbeitsbereiche]\n"
#~ " * Verwaltung/Caching von Entwicklungsabhängigkeiten und "
#~ "Laufzeitabhängigkeiten\n"
#~ " * [Skript erstellen]\n"
#~ " * [globale Installation]\n"
#~ " * Es ist auch mit Unterbefehls-Plugins erweiterbar (wie [cargo "
#~ "clippy]).\n"
#~ " * Lesen Sie mehr aus dem [offiziellen Frachtbuch]"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[editions]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/"
#~ msgstr "[Ausgaben]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[workspaces]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[Arbeitsbereiche]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces."
#~ "html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[build scripting]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-"
#~ "scripts.html"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[Build-Scripting]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-"
#~ "scripts.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[global installation]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-"
#~ "install.html"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[globale Installation]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-"
#~ "install.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[cargo clippy]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy"
#~ msgstr "[cargo clippy]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[official Cargo Book]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/"
#~ msgstr "[offizielles Frachtbuch]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the\n"
#~ " code and open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Die eingebetteten Playgrounds können keine Unit-Tests ausführen. "
#~ "Kopieren Sie die\n"
#~ " code und öffnen Sie ihn im realen Playground, um Unit-Tests zu "
#~ "demonstrieren."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "1. Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "1. Klicken Sie bei dem Beispiel, das Sie kopieren möchten, auf die "
#~ "Schaltfläche \"In die Zwischenablage kopieren\"."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "2. Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for "
#~ "your code:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "2. Verwenden Sie `cargo new Exercise`, um ein neues `exercise/`-"
#~ "Verzeichnis für Ihren Code zu erstellen:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "3. Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your "
#~ "binary:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "3. Navigieren Sie zu „exercise/“ und verwenden Sie „cargo run“, um Ihre "
#~ "Binärdatei zu erstellen und auszuführen:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "4. Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. "
#~ "For\n"
#~ " example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` "
#~ "look like"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "4. Ersetzen Sie den Standardcode in `src/main.rs` durch Ihren eigenen "
#~ "Code. Für\n"
#~ " Verwenden Sie beispielsweise das Beispiel auf der vorherigen Seite und "
#~ "lassen Sie `src/main.rs` so aussehen"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "5. Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "5. Verwenden Sie „cargo run“, um Ihre aktualisierte Binärdatei zu "
#~ "erstellen und auszuführen:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "6. Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo "
#~ "build`\n"
#~ " to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/"
#~ "debug/`\n"
#~ " for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an "
#~ "optimized\n"
#~ " release build in `target/release/`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "6. Verwenden Sie „Cargo Check“, um Ihr Projekt schnell auf Fehler zu "
#~ "überprüfen, verwenden Sie „Cargo Build“.\n"
#~ " um es zu kompilieren, ohne es auszuführen. Die Ausgabe finden Sie in "
#~ "`target/debug/`\n"
#~ " für einen normalen Debug-Build. Verwenden Sie `cargo build --release`, "
#~ "um eine optimierte\n"
#~ " Release-Build in `target/release/`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "7. You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. "
#~ "When you\n"
#~ " run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile "
#~ "missing\n"
#~ " dependencies for you."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "7. Sie können Abhängigkeiten für Ihr Projekt hinzufügen, indem Sie `Cargo."
#~ "toml` bearbeiten. Wenn du\n"
#~ " Führen Sie \"Cargo\"-Befehle aus, es wird automatisch heruntergeladen "
#~ "und kompiliert\n"
#~ " Abhängigkeiten für Sie."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html"
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, "
#~ "structs,\n"
#~ " references, functions, and methods."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Grundlegende Rust-Syntax: Variablen, skalare und zusammengesetzte "
#~ "Typen, Aufzählungen, Strukturen,\n"
#~ " Referenzen, Funktionen und Methoden."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based "
#~ "memory\n"
#~ " management, and garbage collection."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Speicherverwaltung: Stack vs. Heap, manuelle Speicherverwaltung, "
#~ "bereichsbasierter Speicher\n"
#~ " Verwaltung und Garbage Collection."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and "
#~ "lifetimes."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Eigentum: Verschieben von Semantik, Kopieren und Klonen, Ausleihen und "
#~ "Lebensdauern."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It "
#~ "is\n"
#~ " imperative (not functional) and it doesn't try to reinvent things "
#~ "unless\n"
#~ " absolutely necessary."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Rust ist anderen Sprachen in der C/C++/Java-Tradition sehr ähnlich. Es "
#~ "ist\n"
#~ " Imperativ (nicht funktional) und es versucht nicht, Dinge neu zu "
#~ "erfinden, es sei denn\n"
#~ " absolut notwendig."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode."
#~ msgstr "* Rust ist modern mit voller Unterstützung für Dinge wie Unicode."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable "
#~ "number of\n"
#~ " arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude."
#~ "md))."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Rust verwendet Makros für Situationen, in denen Sie eine variable "
#~ "Anzahl von Makros haben möchten\n"
#~ " Argumente (keine Funktion [Überladen] (Grundsyntax/Funktionen-"
#~ "Zwischenspiel.md))."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to "
#~ "trigger\n"
#~ " type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer "
#~ "overflow."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Erklären Sie, dass alle Variablen statisch typisiert sind. Versuchen "
#~ "Sie, „i32“ zu entfernen, um auszulösen\n"
#~ " Typ Inferenz. Versuchen Sie es stattdessen mit \"i8\" und lösen Sie "
#~ "einen Integer-Überlauf zur Laufzeit aus."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error."
#~ msgstr "* Ändere `let mut x` in `let x`, diskutiere den Compiler-Fehler."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't "
#~ "match the\n"
#~ " format string."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Zeigen Sie, wie `print!` einen Kompilierungsfehler ausgibt, wenn die "
#~ "Argumente nicht übereinstimmen\n"
#~ " Zeichenfolge formatieren."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an\n"
#~ " expression which is more complex than just a single variable."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Zeigen Sie, wie Sie `{}` als Platzhalter verwenden müssen, wenn Sie "
#~ "eine drucken möchten\n"
#~ " Ausdruck, der komplexer ist als nur eine einzelne Variable."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for "
#~ "`std::fmt`\n"
#~ " which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important "
#~ "that the\n"
#~ " students become familiar with searching in the standard library."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Zeigen Sie den Schülern die Standardbibliothek, zeigen Sie ihnen, wie "
#~ "man nach `std::fmt` sucht\n"
#~ " die die Regeln der Formatierungsminisprache hat. Wichtig ist, dass die\n"
#~ " Die Schüler lernen die Suche in der Standardbibliothek kennen."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime "
#~ "errors_\n"
#~ " via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you "
#~ "don't\n"
#~ " have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language "
#~ "with\n"
#~ " constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Erfahrung mit C oder C++: Rust eliminiert eine ganze Klasse von "
#~ "_Laufzeitfehlern_\n"
#~ " über den Ausleihprüfer. Sie erhalten eine Leistung wie in C und C++, "
#~ "aber Sie tun es nicht\n"
#~ " habe die Speicherunsicherheitsprobleme. Außerdem bekommt man eine "
#~ "moderne Sprache mit\n"
#~ " Konstrukte wie Musterabgleich und integriertes Abhängigkeitsmanagement."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[`Box::leak`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method."
#~ "leak\n"
#~ "[`std::mem::forget`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget.html\n"
#~ "[reference cycle]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-"
#~ "cycles.html"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[`Box::leak`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method."
#~ "leak\n"
#~ "[`std::mem::forget`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget.html\n"
#~ "[Referenzzyklus]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles."
#~ "html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also\n"
#~ " not be disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However,\n"
#~ " `unsafe` allows you to call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked`\n"
#~ " which does not do bounds checking."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Die Begrenzungsprüfung kann nicht mit einem Compiler-Flag deaktiviert "
#~ "werden. Es kann auch\n"
#~ " nicht direkt mit dem Schlüsselwort „unsafe“ deaktiviert werden. "
#~ "Jedoch,\n"
#~ " `unsafe` erlaubt Ihnen, Funktionen wie `slice::get_unchecked` "
#~ "aufzurufen\n"
#~ " die keine Begrenzungsprüfung durchführt."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to "
#~ "'pay'\n"
#~ " for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For "
#~ "example,\n"
#~ " writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level\n"
#~ " instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Zero-Cost-Abstraktionen, ähnlich wie C++, bedeutet, dass Sie nicht "
#~ "„bezahlen“ müssen\n"
#~ " für übergeordnete Programmierkonstrukte mit Speicher oder CPU. Zum "
#~ "Beispiel,\n"
#~ " Das Schreiben einer Schleife mit `for` sollte ungefähr den gleichen "
#~ "niedrigen Pegel ergeben\n"
#~ " Anweisungen wie die Verwendung des `.iter().fold()`-Konstrukts."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', "
#~ "also\n"
#~ " known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things "
#~ "like\n"
#~ " `Option<T>` and `Result<T, E>`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Es sollte erwähnt werden, dass Rust-Enumerationen auch 'algebraische "
#~ "Datentypen' sind\n"
#~ " bekannt als \"Summentypen\", die es dem Typsystem ermöglichen, Dinge "
#~ "wie auszudrücken\n"
#~ " `Option<T>` und `Ergebnis<T, E>`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used "
#~ "to\n"
#~ " ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly "
#~ "more\n"
#~ " talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with "
#~ "_actionable_\n"
#~ " feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Erinnere die Leute daran, die Fehler zu lesen --- viele Entwickler "
#~ "haben sich daran gewöhnt\n"
#~ " Ignoriere lange Compiler-Ausgaben. Der Rust-Compiler ist deutlich mehr\n"
#~ " gesprächiger als andere Compiler. Es wird Ihnen oft _umsetzbare_\n"
#~ " Feedback, bereit zum Kopieren und Einfügen in Ihren Code."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, "
#~ "Python,\n"
#~ " and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider "
#~ "standard and\n"
#~ " essential:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Die Rust-Standardbibliothek ist klein im Vergleich zu Sprachen wie "
#~ "Java, Python,\n"
#~ " Los geht. Rust kommt nicht mit einigen Dingen, die Sie als Standard "
#~ "betrachten könnten und\n"
#~ " essentiell:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " * a random number generator, but see [rand].\n"
#~ " * support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls].\n"
#~ " * support for JSON, but see [serde_json]."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " * ein Zufallszahlengenerator, aber siehe [rand].\n"
#~ " * Unterstützung für SSL oder TLS, aber siehe [rusttls].\n"
#~ " * Unterstützung für JSON, aber siehe [serde_json]."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library "
#~ "cannot\n"
#~ " go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the Rust\n"
#~ " community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps "
#~ "there\n"
#~ " isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " Der Grund dafür ist, dass die Funktionalität in der Standardbibliothek "
#~ "dies nicht kann\n"
#~ " weggehen, also muss es sehr stabil sein. Für die obigen Beispiele ist "
#~ "die Rust\n"
#~ " Die Community arbeitet immer noch daran, die beste Lösung zu finden --- "
#~ "und vielleicht gibt es sie\n"
#~ " ist für einige dieser Dinge keine einzige \"beste Lösung\"."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and "
#~ "this makes\n"
#~ " it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence of "
#~ "this\n"
#~ " is that the standard library can be smaller."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " Rust kommt mit einem eingebauten Paketmanager in Form von Cargo und "
#~ "macht das\n"
#~ " Es ist trivial, Crates von Drittanbietern herunterzuladen und zu "
#~ "kompilieren. Eine Folge davon\n"
#~ " ist, dass die Standardbibliothek kleiner sein kann."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like\n"
#~ " <https://lib.rs/> help with this by letting you compare health metrics "
#~ "for\n"
#~ " crates to find a good and trusted one.\n"
#~ " \n"
#~ "* [rust-analyzer] is a well supported LSP implementation used in major\n"
#~ " IDEs and text editors."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " Das Entdecken guter Kisten von Drittanbietern kann ein Problem sein. "
#~ "Seiten wie\n"
#~ " <https://lib.rs/> hilft dabei, indem es Ihnen ermöglicht, "
#~ "Gesundheitsmetriken für zu vergleichen\n"
#~ " Kisten, um eine gute und vertrauenswürdige zu finden.\n"
#~ " \n"
#~ "* [rust-analyzer] ist eine gut unterstützte LSP-Implementierung, die in "
#~ "Major verwendet wird\n"
#~ " IDEs und Texteditoren."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[rand]: https://docs.rs/rand/\n"
#~ "[rusttls]: https://docs.rs/rustls/\n"
#~ "[serde_json]: https://docs.rs/serde_json/\n"
#~ "[rust-analyzer]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[rand]: https://docs.rs/rand/\n"
#~ "[rusttls]: https://docs.rs/rustls/\n"
#~ "[serde_json]: https://docs.rs/serde_json/\n"
#~ "[Rostanalyzer]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* We can use literals to assign values to arrays."
#~ msgstr "* Wir können Literale verwenden, um Arrays Werte zuzuweisen."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug "
#~ "implementation with the `?` format\n"
#~ " parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug "
#~ "output. We\n"
#~ " could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without specifying the value "
#~ "after the\n"
#~ " format string."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* In der main-Funktion fragt die print-Anweisung nach der Debug-"
#~ "Implementierung mit dem `?`-Format\n"
#~ " Parameter: `{}` gibt die Standardausgabe, `{:?}` gibt die Debug-"
#~ "Ausgabe. Wir\n"
#~ " hätte auch `{a}` und `{a:?}` verwenden können, ohne den Wert nach dem "
#~ "anzugeben\n"
#~ " Zeichenfolge formatieren."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which "
#~ "can be easier to read."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Das Hinzufügen von `#`, z. B. `{a:#?}`, ruft ein \"hübsches "
#~ "Druckformat\" auf, das einfacher zu lesen sein kann."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length."
#~ msgstr "* Tupel haben wie Arrays eine feste Länge."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Tupel fassen Werte verschiedener Typen zu einem zusammengesetzten Typ "
#~ "zusammen."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the "
#~ "value, e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Auf Felder eines Tupels kann über den Punkt und den Index des Werts "
#~ "zugegriffen werden, z. „t.0“, „t.1“."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and "
#~ "ending indexes in brackets."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Wir erstellen einen Slice, indem wir `a` ausleihen und den Anfangs- und "
#~ "Endindex in Klammern angeben."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop "
#~ "the starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are "
#~ "identical.\n"
#~ " \n"
#~ "* The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` "
#~ "are identical."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Wenn der Slice bei Index 0 beginnt, erlaubt uns die Range-Syntax von "
#~ "Rust, den Startindex wegzulassen, was bedeutet, dass `&a[0..a.len()]` und "
#~ "`&a[..a.len()]` identisch sind .\n"
#~ " \n"
#~ "* Dasselbe gilt für den letzten Index, also sind `&a[2..a.len()]` und "
#~ "`&a[2..]` identisch."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use "
#~ "`&a[..]`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Um einfach einen Teil des gesamten Arrays zu erstellen, können wir "
#~ "daher `&a[..]` verwenden."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* `&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to "
#~ "UTF-8 encoded string data \n"
#~ " stored in a block of memory. String literals (`”Hello”`), are stored in "
#~ "the program’s binary."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* `&str` führt ein String-Slice ein, das eine unveränderliche Referenz "
#~ "auf UTF-8-codierte String-Daten ist\n"
#~ " in einem Speicherblock gespeichert. String-Literale (`”Hallo”`) werden "
#~ "in der Binärdatei des Programms gespeichert."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid " (Type annotations added for clarity, but they can be elided.)"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " (Typ-Anmerkungen wurden der Übersichtlichkeit halber hinzugefügt, "
#~ "können aber entfernt werden.)"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Rectangle {\n"
#~ " fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n"
#~ " self.width * self.height\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl Rechteck {\n"
#~ " fn-Bereich(&self) -> u32 {\n"
#~ " selbst.Breite * selbst.Höhe\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Arrays and `for` loops."
#~ msgstr "* Arrays und „for“-Schleifen."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Alternatively, use the Rust Playground."
#~ msgstr "* Benutze alternativ den Rust Playground."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[solutions]: solutions-morning.md"
#~ msgstr "[Lösungen]: Lösungen-Morgen.md"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[Using Cargo]: ../../cargo.md"
#~ msgstr "[Fracht verwenden]: ../../cargo.md"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "1. Execute the above program and look at the compiler error."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "1. Führen Sie das obige Programm aus und sehen Sie sich den Compiler-"
#~ "Fehler an."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "2. Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "2. Aktualisieren Sie den obigen Code, um `into()` zu verwenden, um die "
#~ "Konvertierung durchzuführen."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html\n"
#~ "[3]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/implicit_conversion"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html\n"
#~ "[3]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/implicit_conversion"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[1]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html"
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls.\n"
#~ " * Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime.\n"
#~ " * Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed.\n"
#~ " * No guarantee of memory locality."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Heap: Speicherung von Werten außerhalb von Funktionsaufrufen.\n"
#~ " * Werte haben dynamische Größen, die zur Laufzeit bestimmt werden.\n"
#~ " * Etwas langsamer als der Stapel: Etwas Buchhaltung erforderlich.\n"
#~ " * Keine Garantie auf Speicherort."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and "
#~ "length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Erwähnen Sie, dass ein `String` von einem `Vec` unterstützt wird, "
#~ "sodass er eine Kapazität und Länge hat und wachsen kann, wenn er durch "
#~ "Neuzuweisung auf dem Haufen veränderbar ist."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is "
#~ "heap allocated using the [System Allocator] and custom allocators can be "
#~ "implemented using the [Allocator API]"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Wenn die Schüler danach fragen, können Sie erwähnen, dass der zugrunde "
#~ "liegende Speicher mit dem [System Allocator] Heap zugewiesen wird und "
#~ "benutzerdefinierte Allokatoren mit der [Allocator API] implementiert "
#~ "werden können."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[System Allocator]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System."
#~ "html\n"
#~ "[Allocator API]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[Systemzuordner]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System.html\n"
#~ "[Allocator-API]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop] trait is the Rust "
#~ "equivalent."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Möglicherweise werden Sie hier nach Destruktoren gefragt, die "
#~ "Eigenschaft [Drop] ist das Rust-Äquivalent."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[Box]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n"
#~ "[Vec]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n"
#~ "[Rc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n"
#~ "[Arc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n"
#~ "[Drop]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[Box]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n"
#~ "[Vec]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n"
#~ "[Rc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n"
#~ "[Bogen]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n"
#~ "[Drop]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* In Rust, you clones are explicit (by using `clone`)."
#~ msgstr "* In Rust sind Klone explizit (durch Verwendung von `clone`)."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
#~ " Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "fn add(p1: &Punkt, p2: &Punkt) -> Punkt {\n"
#~ " Punkt(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler "
#~ "can eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack "
#~ "addresses and run it on the [Playground]. In the \"DEBUG\" optimization "
#~ "level, the addresses should change, while the stay the same when changing "
#~ "to the \"RELEASE\" setting:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Zeigen Sie, dass die Rückgabe von `add` billig ist, weil der Compiler "
#~ "den Kopiervorgang eliminieren kann. Ändern Sie den obigen Code, um "
#~ "Stapeladressen zu drucken, und führen Sie ihn auf dem [Playground] aus. "
#~ "In der Optimierungsstufe „DEBUG“ sollen sich die Adressen ändern, während "
#~ "sie beim Wechsel in die Einstellung „RELEASE“ gleich bleiben:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[Playground]: https://play.rust-lang.org/"
#~ msgstr "[Spielplatz]: https://play.rust-lang.org/"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Punkt, p2: &'a Punkt) -> &'a Punkt {\n"
#~ " wenn p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } sonst { p2 }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Punkt, p2: &'a Punkt) -> &'a Punkt {\n"
#~ " wenn p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } sonst { p2 }\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* A small book library,"
#~ msgstr "* Eine kleine Buchbibliothek,"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[solutions]: solutions-afternoon.md"
#~ msgstr "[Lösungen]: Lösungen-Nachmittag.md"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "struct Library {\n"
#~ " books: Vec<Book>,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Struktur Bibliothek {\n"
#~ " Bücher: Vec<Buch>,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "struct Book {\n"
#~ " title: String,\n"
#~ " year: u16,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "struct Buch {\n"
#~ " Titel: Zeichenkette,\n"
#~ " Jahr: u16,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Book {\n"
#~ " // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
#~ " fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
#~ " Book {\n"
#~ " title: String::from(title),\n"
#~ " year,\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl Buch {\n"
#~ " // Dies ist ein Konstruktor, der unten verwendet wird.\n"
#~ " fn neu(titel: &str, jahr: u16) -> Buch {\n"
#~ " Buch {\n"
#~ " Titel: Zeichenkette::von(Titel),\n"
#~ " Jahr,\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n"
#~ "impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n"
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n"
#~ " write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "// Dadurch ist es möglich, Buchwerte mit {} zu drucken.\n"
#~ "impl std::fmt::Anzeige für Buch {\n"
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n"
#~ " schreibe!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Library {\n"
#~ " fn new() -> Library {\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl-Bibliothek {\n"
#~ " fn new() -> Bibliothek {\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " //}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " //fn len(self) -> verwenden {\n"
#~ " // nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " //}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " //}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
#~ " // nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " //}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " //}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " //fn add_book(selbst, Buch: Buch) {\n"
#~ " // nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " //}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " //fn print_books(self) {\n"
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " //}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " //fn print_books(selbst) {\n"
#~ " // nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " //}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " //}\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " //fn ältestes_buch(selbst) -> Option<&Buch> {\n"
#~ " // nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " //}\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Structs, enums, methods."
#~ msgstr "* Strukturen, Aufzählungen, Methoden."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Mustervergleich: Destrukturierung von Aufzählungen, Strukturen und "
#~ "Arrays."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, "
#~ "and\n"
#~ " `continue`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Kontrollflusskonstrukte: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break` "
#~ "und\n"
#~ " \"weitermachen\"."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, "
#~ "`HashMap`, `Rc`\n"
#~ " and `Arc`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Die Standardbibliothek: `String`, `Option` und `Result`, `Vec`, "
#~ "`HashMap`, `Rc`\n"
#~ " und \"Bogen\"."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy."
#~ msgstr "* Module: Sichtbarkeit, Pfade und Dateisystemhierarchie."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundOfForce {\n"
#~ " todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundOfForce {\n"
#~ " todo! (\"Fragen Sie einen Raketenwissenschaftler bei der NASA\")\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n"
#~ " // ...\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "fn set_thruster_force(Kraft: Newton) {\n"
#~ " // ...\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value "
#~ "in a primitive type, for example:\n"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Newtypes sind eine großartige Möglichkeit, zusätzliche Informationen über "
#~ "den Wert in einem primitiven Typ zu codieren, zum Beispiel:\n"
#~ msgid ""
#~ " * The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example "
#~ "above.\n"
#~ " * The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no "
#~ "longer have to validate it again at every use: 'PhoneNumber(String)` or "
#~ "`OddNumber(u32)`.\n"
#~ " \n"
#~ "</details>"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " * Die Zahl wird in einigen Einheiten gemessen: „Newton“ im obigen "
#~ "Beispiel.\n"
#~ " * Der Wert hat bei seiner Erstellung einige Validierungen durchlaufen, "
#~ "sodass Sie ihn nicht mehr bei jeder Verwendung erneut validieren müssen: "
#~ "'PhoneNumber(String)' oder 'OddNumber(u32)'.\n"
#~ " \n"
#~ "</Details>"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Person {\n"
#~ " fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n"
#~ " Person { name, age }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl Person {\n"
#~ " fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n"
#~ " Person { Name, Alter }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is "
#~ "interchangeable with the struct type name"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Die „neue“ Funktion könnte unter Verwendung von „Self“ als Typ "
#~ "geschrieben werden, da sie mit dem Namen des Strukturtyps austauschbar ist"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
#~ "enum CoinFlip {\n"
#~ " Heads,\n"
#~ " Tails,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "#[ableiten(Debuggen)]\n"
#~ "enum CoinFlip {\n"
#~ " Köpfe,\n"
#~ " Schwänze,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
#~ "fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
#~ " match event {\n"
#~ " WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n"
#~ " WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n"
#~ " WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, "
#~ "y={y}\"),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
#~ "fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
#~ " Spielereignis {\n"
#~ " WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"Seite geladen\"),\n"
#~ " WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n"
#~ " WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, "
#~ "y={y}\"),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* In the above example, accessing the `char` in `KeyPress`, or `x` and "
#~ "`y` in `Click` only works within a `match` statement.\n"
#~ "* `match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`.\n"
#~ "* `WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::"
#~ "Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined "
#~ "version cannot implement traits, for example."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Im obigen Beispiel funktioniert der Zugriff auf „char“ in „KeyPress“ "
#~ "oder „x“ und „y“ in „Click“ nur innerhalb einer „match“-Anweisung.\n"
#~ "* „match“ untersucht ein verstecktes Diskriminanzfeld in „enum“.\n"
#~ "* `WebEvent::Click { ... }` ist nicht genau dasselbe wie `WebEvent::"
#~ "Click(Click)` mit einem Top-Level-`struct Click { ... }`. Die Inline-"
#~ "Version kann beispielsweise keine Traits implementieren."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "enum Foo {\n"
#~ " A,\n"
#~ " B,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Aufzählung Foo {\n"
#~ " A,\n"
#~ " B,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "#[repr(u32)]\n"
#~ "enum Bar {\n"
#~ " A, // 0\n"
#~ " B = 10000,\n"
#~ " C, // 10001\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "#[repr(u32)]\n"
#~ "Aufzählungsbalken {\n"
#~ " A, // 0\n"
#~ " B = 10000,\n"
#~ " C, // 10001\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " * Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the "
#~ "enum variant.\n"
#~ " * `Bar` enum demonstrates that there is a way to control the "
#~ "discriminant value and type. If `repr` is removed, the discriminant type "
#~ "takes 2 bytes, becuase 10001 fits 2 bytes.\n"
#~ " * As a niche optimization an enum discriminant is merged with the "
#~ "pointer so that `Option<&Foo>` is the same size as `&Foo`.\n"
#~ " * `Option<bool>` is another example of tight packing.\n"
#~ " * For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/"
#~ "#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::<T>()` equals `size_of::"
#~ "<Option<T>>()`.\n"
#~ " * Zero-sized types allow for efficient implementation of `HashSet` using "
#~ "`HashMap` with `()` as the value."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " * Rust verwendet intern ein Feld (Discriminant), um die Enum-Variante zu "
#~ "verfolgen.\n"
#~ " * `Bar` enum demonstriert, dass es eine Möglichkeit gibt, den "
#~ "Diskriminanzwert und -typ zu steuern. Wenn \"repr\" entfernt wird, nimmt "
#~ "der Diskriminantentyp 2 Bytes ein, da 10001 auf 2 Bytes passt.\n"
#~ " * Als Nischenoptimierung wird eine Enum-Diskriminante mit dem Zeiger "
#~ "zusammengeführt, sodass `Option<&Foo>` die gleiche Größe wie `&Foo` hat.\n"
#~ " * `Option<bool>` ist ein weiteres Beispiel für Tight Packing.\n"
#~ " * Für [einige Typen](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/"
#~ "#representation) garantiert Rust, dass „size_of::<T>()“ gleich „size_of::"
#~ "<Option<T>“ ist >()`.\n"
#~ " * Typen mit der Größe Null ermöglichen eine effiziente Implementierung "
#~ "von `HashSet` unter Verwendung von `HashMap` mit `()` als Wert."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Race {\n"
#~ " fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n"
#~ " Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl Rennen {\n"
#~ " fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // Kein Empfänger, eine statische "
#~ "Methode\n"
#~ " Rennen { Name: String::from(Name), Runden: Vec::new() }\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n"
#~ " if n % 2 == 0 {\n"
#~ " Result::Ok(n / 2)\n"
#~ " } else {\n"
#~ " Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {} into two equal parts\", "
#~ "n))\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Ergebnis {\n"
#~ " wenn n % 2 == 0 {\n"
#~ " Ergebnis::Okay(n / 2)\n"
#~ " } anders {\n"
#~ " Ergebnis::Err(format!(\"kann {} nicht in zwei gleiche Teile "
#~ "teilen\", n))\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Simple struct which tracks health statistics."
#~ msgstr "* Einfache Struktur, die Gesundheitsstatistiken verfolgt."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "struct User {\n"
#~ " name: String,\n"
#~ " age: u32,\n"
#~ " weight: f32,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Struktur Benutzer {\n"
#~ " Name: Zeichenfolge,\n"
#~ " Alter: u32,\n"
#~ " Gewicht: f32,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl User {\n"
#~ " pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, weight: f32) -> Self {\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl Benutzer {\n"
#~ " pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, weight: f32) -> Self {\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " pub fn alter(&selbst) -> u32 {\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " pub fn weight(&self) -> f32 {\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " pub fn Gewicht(&self) -> f32 {\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " pub fn set_age(&mut selbst, new_age: u32) {\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " pub fn set_weight(&mut self, new_weight: f32) {\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " pub fn set_weight(&mut self, new_weight: f32) {\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "pub struct Point {\n"
#~ " // add fields\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "pub struct Punkt {\n"
#~ " // Felder hinzufügen\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Point {\n"
#~ " // add methods\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl Punkt {\n"
#~ " // Methoden hinzufügen\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "pub struct Polygon {\n"
#~ " // add fields\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "pub struct Polygon {\n"
#~ " // Felder hinzufügen\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Polygon {\n"
#~ " // add methods\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl Polygon {\n"
#~ " // Methoden hinzufügen\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "pub struct Circle {\n"
#~ " // add fields\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "pub struct Kreis {\n"
#~ " // Felder hinzufügen\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Circle {\n"
#~ " // add methods\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl Kreis {\n"
#~ " // Methoden hinzufügen\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "pub enum Shape {\n"
#~ " Polygon(Polygon),\n"
#~ " Circle(Circle),\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Pub-Aufzählung Form {\n"
#~ " Vieleck(Vieleck),\n"
#~ " Kreis (Kreis),\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
#~ " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
#~ " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* [`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional "
#~ "values\n"
#~ " and [error handling](error-handling.md)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Typen von [`Option` und `Result`](std/option-result.md): Wird für "
#~ "optionale Werte verwendet\n"
#~ " und [Fehlerbehandlung](error-handling.md)."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* [`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* [`String`](std/string.md): der Standard-String-Typ, der für eigene "
#~ "Daten verwendet wird."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector."
#~ msgstr "* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): ein erweiterbarer Standardvektor."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable "
#~ "hashing\n"
#~ " algorithm."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): ein Hash-Map-Typ mit konfigurierbarem "
#~ "Hashing\n"
#~ " Algorithmus."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* [`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* [`Box`](std/box.md): ein eigener Zeiger für Heap-zugewiesene Daten."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-"
#~ "allocated data."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): ein gemeinsam genutzter referenzgezählter Zeiger für "
#~ "Heap-zugeordnete Daten."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html#deref-"
#~ "methods-str"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html#deref-"
#~ "methods-str"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* `len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes, not its length in "
#~ "characters.\n"
#~ "* `chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters.\n"
#~ "* `String` implements `Deref<Target = str>` which transparently gives it "
#~ "access to `str`'s methods."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* `len` gibt die Größe des `String` in Bytes zurück, nicht seine Länge in "
#~ "Zeichen.\n"
#~ "* `chars` gibt einen Iterator über die eigentlichen Zeichen zurück.\n"
#~ "* `String` implementiert `Deref<Target = str>`, wodurch es transparent "
#~ "Zugriff auf die Methoden von `str` erhält."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-[T]"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-[T]"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-"
#~ "coercion"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-"
#~ "coercion"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* `Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++.\n"
#~ "* In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` "
#~ "statement thanks to `Deref`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* `Box` ist wie `std::unique_ptr` in C++.\n"
#~ "* Im obigen Beispiel können Sie dank `Deref` sogar das `*` in der "
#~ "`println!`-Anweisung weglassen."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "If the `Box` was not used here and we attempted to embed a `List` "
#~ "directly into the `List`,\n"
#~ "the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory, it "
#~ "would look infinite.\n"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "`Box` löst dieses Problem, da es die gleiche Größe wie ein normaler "
#~ "Zeiger hat und nur auf den nächsten zeigt\n"
#~ "Element der `Liste` im Heap.\n"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "`Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer "
#~ "and just points at the next\n"
#~ "element of the `List` in the heap. \n"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Wenn die `Box` hier nicht verwendet wurde und wir versucht haben, eine "
#~ "`List` direkt in die `List` einzubetten,\n"
#~ "Der Compiler würde keine feste Größe der Struktur im Speicher berechnen, "
#~ "es würde unendlich aussehen.\n"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/index.html\n"
#~ "[3]: ../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/index.html\n"
#~ "[3]: ../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Like C++'s `std::shared_ptr`.\n"
#~ "* `clone` is cheap: creates a pointer to the same allocation and "
#~ "increases the reference count.\n"
#~ "* `make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-"
#~ "write\") and returns a mutable reference."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Wie `std::shared_ptr` von C++.\n"
#~ "* `clone` ist billig: erstellt einen Zeiger auf die gleiche Zuweisung und "
#~ "erhöht die Referenzanzahl.\n"
#~ "* `make_mut` klont bei Bedarf tatsächlich den inneren Wert (\"clone-on-"
#~ "write\") und gibt eine veränderliche Referenz zurück."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "1. As a relative path:\n"
#~ " * `foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,\n"
#~ " * `super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "1. Als relativer Pfad:\n"
#~ " * `foo` oder `self::foo` bezieht sich auf `foo` im aktuellen Modul,\n"
#~ " * „super::foo“ bezieht sich auf „foo“ im übergeordneten Modul."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Ignoriere alle Leerzeichen. Ablehnungsnummer mit weniger als zwei "
#~ "Ziffern."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Moving from right to left, double every second digit: for the number "
#~ "`1234`,\n"
#~ " we double `3` and `1`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Bewegen Sie sich von rechts nach links, verdoppeln Sie jede zweite "
#~ "Ziffer: für die Zahl \"1234\",\n"
#~ " wir verdoppeln `3` und `1`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` "
#~ "which\n"
#~ " becomes `5`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Nachdem Sie eine Ziffer verdoppelt haben, addieren Sie die Ziffern. Das "
#~ "Verdoppeln von '7' wird also zu '14', was\n"
#~ " wird \"5\"."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits."
#~ msgstr "* Summiere alle unverdoppelten und verdoppelten Ziffern."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`."
#~ msgstr "* Die Kreditkartennummer ist gültig, wenn die Summe mit `0` endet."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard "
#~ "library\n"
#~ " traits."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Merkmale: Ableitung von Merkmalen, Standardmethoden und wichtige "
#~ "Standardbibliothek\n"
#~ " Züge."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and "
#~ "trait\n"
#~ " objects."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Generics: generische Datentypen, generische Methoden, Monomorphisierung "
#~ "und Eigenschaften\n"
#~ " Objekte."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`."
#~ msgstr "* Fehlerbehandlung: Panics, `Result` und der Try-Operator `?`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Testen: Einheitentests, Dokumentationstests und Integrationstests."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and "
#~ "extern\n"
#~ " functions."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Unsicherer Rost: rohe Zeiger, statische Variablen, unsichere Funktionen "
#~ "und extern\n"
#~ " Funktionen."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "struct Dog {\n"
#~ " name: String,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "struct Hund {\n"
#~ " Name: Zeichenfolge,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Equals for Centimeter {\n"
#~ " fn equal(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n"
#~ " self.0 == other.0\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl Gleich für Zentimeter {\n"
#~ " fn gleich(&selbst, andere: &Zentimeter) -> bool {\n"
#~ " self.0 == andere.0\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* `IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is "
#~ "implemented by collection types such as\n"
#~ " `Vec<T>` and references to them such as `&Vec<T>` and `&[T]`. Ranges "
#~ "also implement it.\n"
#~ "* The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming "
#~ "operations over collections \n"
#~ " (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is the trait where you can "
#~ "find all the documentation\n"
#~ " about them. In Rust these functions should produce the code as "
#~ "efficient as equivalent imperative\n"
#~ " implementations.\n"
#~ " \n"
#~ "</details>"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* `IntoIterator` ist die Eigenschaft, die dafür sorgt, dass for-Schleifen "
#~ "funktionieren. Es wird durch Sammlungstypen wie implementiert\n"
#~ " `Vec<T>` und Verweise darauf wie `&Vec<T>` und `&[T]`. Ranges "
#~ "implementieren es auch.\n"
#~ "* Die Eigenschaft „Iterator“ implementiert viele gängige funktionale "
#~ "Programmieroperationen über Sammlungen\n"
#~ " (z. B. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). Dies ist die Eigenschaft, in "
#~ "der Sie die gesamte Dokumentation finden können\n"
#~ " über sie. In Rust sollten diese Funktionen den Code so effizient wie "
#~ "gleichwertig erzeugen\n"
#~ " Implementierungen.\n"
#~ " \n"
#~ "</Details>"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
#~ " Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
#~ " Selbst {x: selbst.x + andere.x, y: selbst.y + andere.y}\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl<T> Point<T> {\n"
#~ " fn x(&self) -> &T {\n"
#~ " &self.0 // + 10\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "imple<T> Punkt<T> {\n"
#~ " fn x(&selbst) -> &T {\n"
#~ " &self.0 // + 10\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " // fn set_x(&mut selbst, x: T)\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
#~ " format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
#~ " format!(\"Hallo {Name}\")\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "enum Option_f64 {\n"
#~ " Some(f64),\n"
#~ " None,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Aufzählung Option_f64 {\n"
#~ " Einige (f64),\n"
#~ " Keiner,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "pub struct Label {\n"
#~ " label: String,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Pub-Struktur Label {\n"
#~ " Label: Zeichenkette,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Label {\n"
#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
#~ " Label {\n"
#~ " label: label.to_owned(),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl Label {\n"
#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
#~ " Etikett {\n"
#~ " Bezeichnung: label.to_owned(),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "pub struct Button {\n"
#~ " label: Label,\n"
#~ " callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "pub struct Schaltfläche {\n"
#~ " Etikett: Etikett,\n"
#~ " Rückruf: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Button {\n"
#~ " fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
#~ " Button {\n"
#~ " label: Label::new(label),\n"
#~ " callback,\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl-Schaltfläche {\n"
#~ " fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
#~ " Taste {\n"
#~ " Label: Label::neu(Label),\n"
#~ " Ruf zurück,\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "pub struct Window {\n"
#~ " title: String,\n"
#~ " widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "pub struct Fenster {\n"
#~ " Titel: Zeichenkette,\n"
#~ " Widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Window {\n"
#~ " fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
#~ " Window {\n"
#~ " title: title.to_owned(),\n"
#~ " widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl-Fenster {\n"
#~ " fn new(title: &str) -> Fenster {\n"
#~ " Fenster {\n"
#~ " Titel: title.to_owned(),\n"
#~ " Widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Widget for Label {\n"
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl-Widget für Label {\n"
#~ " fn width(&self) -> use {\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n"
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl-Widget für Schaltfläche {\n"
#~ " fn width(&self) -> use {\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Widget for Window {\n"
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl-Widget für Fenster {\n"
#~ " fn width(&self) -> use {\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "This is a small text GUI demo."
#~ msgstr "Dies ist eine kleine Text-GUI-Demo."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n"
#~ " Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n"
#~ " Err(e) => Err(e),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n"
#~ " Ok(_) => Ok(Benutzername),\n"
#~ " Fehler(e) => Fehler(e),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
#~ " IoError(io::Error),\n"
#~ " EmptyUsername(String),\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "#[ableiten(Debuggen)]\n"
#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
#~ " IoError(io::Fehler),\n"
#~ " LeererBenutzername(String),\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}"
#~ msgstr "impl-Fehler für ReadUsernameError {}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n"
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n"
#~ " match self {\n"
#~ " Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {}\", e),\n"
#~ " Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no "
#~ "username in {}\", filename),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl Anzeige für ReadUsernameError {\n"
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n"
#~ " mit sich selbst übereinstimmen {\n"
#~ " Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {}\", e),\n"
#~ " Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Keinen "
#~ "Benutzernamen gefunden in {}\", filename),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl From<io::Error> for ReadUsernameError {\n"
#~ " fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n"
#~ " ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl From<io::Error> für ReadUsernameError {\n"
#~ " fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n"
#~ " ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n"
#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
#~ " #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n"
#~ " IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n"
#~ " #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
#~ " EmptyUsername(String),\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "#[ableiten(Debug, Fehler)]\n"
#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
#~ " #[error(\"Konnte nicht gelesen werden: {0}\")]\n"
#~ " IoError(#[von] io::Fehler),\n"
#~ " #[error(\"Keinen Benutzernamen in {0} gefunden\")]\n"
#~ " LeererBenutzername(String),\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Unit tests are supported throughout your code."
#~ msgstr "* Komponententests werden im gesamten Code unterstützt."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[solution]: solutions-afternoon.md"
#~ msgstr "[Lösung]: Lösungen-Nachmittag.md"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[`std::ffi`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/\n"
#~ "[`CStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html\n"
#~ "[`CString`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html\n"
#~ "[Nomicon]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[`std::ffi`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/\n"
#~ "[`CStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html\n"
#~ "[`CString`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html\n"
#~ "[Nomicon]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
#~ " path: CString,\n"
#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "#[ableiten(Debuggen)]\n"
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
#~ " Pfad: CString,\n"
#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
#~ " // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
#~ " // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Ergebnis<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
#~ " // Opendir aufrufen und einen Ok-Wert zurückgeben, wenn das "
#~ "funktioniert hat,\n"
#~ " // andernfalls Err mit einer Nachricht zurückgeben.\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
#~ " // Call closedir as needed.\n"
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl Drop für DirectoryIterator {\n"
#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
#~ " // Gegebenenfalls closedir aufrufen.\n"
#~ " nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Today we will look at two main topics:"
#~ msgstr "Heute werden wir uns mit zwei Hauptthemen befassen:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Concurrency: threads, channels, shared state, `Send` and `Sync`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Gleichzeitigkeit: Threads, Kanäle, gemeinsamer Status, „Senden“ und "
#~ "„Synchronisieren“."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Android: building binaries and libraries, using AIDL, logging, and\n"
#~ " interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Android: Erstellung von Binärdateien und Bibliotheken, Verwendung von "
#~ "AIDL, Protokollierung und\n"
#~ " Interoperabilität mit C, C++ und Java."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main "
#~ "thread is\n"
#~ " not waiting."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Beachten Sie, dass der Thread gestoppt wird, bevor er 10 erreicht – der "
#~ "Haupt-Thread ist es\n"
#~ " nicht warten."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait "
#~ "for\n"
#~ " the thread to finish."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Verwenden Sie `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` und später `handle."
#~ "join()`, um darauf zu warten\n"
#~ " den Thread zu beenden."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Lösen Sie eine Panik im Thread aus, beachten Sie, dass dies `main` "
#~ "nicht betrifft."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "* Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the "
#~ "panic\n"
#~ " payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`]."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Verwenden Sie den `Result`-Rückgabewert von `handle.join()`, um Zugriff "
#~ "auf die Panik zu erhalten\n"
#~ " Nutzlast. Dies ist ein guter Zeitpunkt, um über [`Any`] zu sprechen."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[`Any`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html"
#~ msgstr "[`Any`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.scope.html"
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.scope.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-"
#~ "Mutex%3CT%3E\n"
#~ "[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-"
#~ "Mutex%3CT%3E\n"
#~ "[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError."
#~ "html \n"
#~ " \n"
#~ "</details>"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError."
#~ "html\n"
#~ " \n"
#~ "</details>"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html\n"
#~ "[3]: ../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html\n"
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html\n"
#~ "[3]: ../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html"
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html"
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency."
#~ msgstr "* Speisephilosophen: ein klassisches Problem der Nebenläufigkeit."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "struct Philosopher {\n"
#~ " name: String,\n"
#~ " // left_fork: ...\n"
#~ " // right_fork: ...\n"
#~ " // thoughts: ...\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "struct Philosoph {\n"
#~ " Name: Zeichenfolge,\n"
#~ " // left_fork: ...\n"
#~ " // right_fork: ...\n"
#~ " // Gedanken: ...\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "fn main() {\n"
#~ " // Create forks"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "fn Haupt() {\n"
#~ " // Gabeln erstellen"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid " // Create philosophers"
#~ msgstr " // Philosophen erstellen"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid " // Make them think and eat"
#~ msgstr " // Lass sie denken und essen"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
#~ "enum Error {\n"
#~ " #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
#~ " ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "#[ableiten(Fehler, Debug)]\n"
#~ "Aufzählungsfehler {\n"
#~ " #[error(\"Anforderungsfehler: {0}\")]\n"
#~ " ReqwestError(#[from]reqwest::Error),\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " Ok(valid_urls)\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " Okay (valid_urls)\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[1]: https://docs.rs/reqwest/\n"
#~ "[2]: https://docs.rs/scraper/\n"
#~ "[3]: https://docs.rs/thiserror/"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[1]: https://docs.rs/reqwest/\n"
#~ "[2]: https://docs.rs/scraper/\n"
#~ "[3]: https://docs.rs/thiserror/"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[crates]: https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:"
#~ "external/rust/crates/"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[Kisten]: https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:"
#~ "external/rust/crates/"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}"
#~ msgstr "impl binder::Interface für BirthdayService {}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n"
#~ "pub fn connect() -> Result<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, binder::"
#~ "StatusCode> {\n"
#~ " binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "/// Mit dem Geburtstagsdienst verbinden.\n"
#~ "pub fn connect() -> Ergebnis<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, "
#~ "binder::StatusCode> {\n"
#~ " binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[1]: https://cxx.rs/\n"
#~ "[2]: https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[1]: https://cxx.rs/\n"
#~ "[2]: https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "* Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "* Rufen Sie Ihren AIDL-Service mit einem in Rust geschriebenen Client an."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: setup\n"
#~ "struct Library {\n"
#~ " books: Vec<Book>,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "// ANKER: einrichten\n"
#~ "Struktur Bibliothek {\n"
#~ " Bücher: Vec<Buch>,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n"
#~ "impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n"
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n"
#~ " write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: setup"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "// Dadurch ist es möglich, Buchwerte mit {} zu drucken.\n"
#~ "impl std::fmt::Anzeige für Buch {\n"
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n"
#~ " schreibe!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Einrichtung"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Library_new\n"
#~ "impl Library {\n"
#~ " fn new() -> Library {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n"
#~ " Library { books: Vec::new() }\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "// ANKER: Bibliothek_neu\n"
#~ "impl-Bibliothek {\n"
#~ " fn new() -> Bibliothek {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Bibliothek_neu\n"
#~ " Bibliothek { Bücher: Vec::new() }\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_len\n"
#~ " //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " //}\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n"
#~ " fn len(&self) -> usize {\n"
#~ " self.books.len()\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " // ANKER: Library_len\n"
#~ " //fn len(self) -> verwenden {\n"
#~ " // nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " //}\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n"
#~ " fn len(&self) -> verwenden {\n"
#~ " self.books.len()\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n"
#~ " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " //}\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n"
#~ " fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
#~ " self.books.is_empty()\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " // ANKER: Bibliothek_ist_leer\n"
#~ " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
#~ " // nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " //}\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Bibliothek_ist_leer\n"
#~ " fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
#~ " self.books.is_empty()\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n"
#~ " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " //}\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n"
#~ " fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n"
#~ " self.books.push(book)\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " // ANKER: Library_add_book\n"
#~ " //fn add_book(selbst, Buch: Buch) {\n"
#~ " // nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " //}\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n"
#~ " fn add_book(&mut self, book: Buch) {\n"
#~ " self.books.push(Buch)\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n"
#~ " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
#~ " //}\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n"
#~ " fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
#~ " self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " // ANKER: Library_oldest_book\n"
#~ " //fn ältestes_buch(selbst) -> Option<&Buch> {\n"
#~ " // nicht implementiert!()\n"
#~ " //}\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Bibliothek_ältestes_Buch\n"
#~ " fn ältestes_buch(&self) -> Option<&Buch> {\n"
#~ " self.books.iter().min_by_key(|Buch| Buch.Jahr)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
#~ "// ANCHOR: Point\n"
#~ "pub struct Point {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Point\n"
#~ " x: i32,\n"
#~ " y: i32,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
#~ "// Ankerpunkt\n"
#~ "pub struct Punkt {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Punkt\n"
#~ " x: i32,\n"
#~ " y: i32,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n"
#~ "impl Point {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n"
#~ " pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n"
#~ " Point { x, y }\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Punkt-impl\n"
#~ "impl Punkt {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Punkt-impl\n"
#~ " pub fn neu(x: i32, y: i32) -> Punkt {\n"
#~ " Punkt { x, y }\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n"
#~ " f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " Pub fn Magnitude (selbst) -> f64 {\n"
#~ " f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n"
#~ " (self - other).magnitude()\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n"
#~ " (selbst - andere).magnitude()\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
#~ " Self {\n"
#~ " x: self.x + other.x,\n"
#~ " y: self.y + other.y,\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
#~ " Selbst {\n"
#~ " x: selbst.x + andere.x,\n"
#~ " y: self.y + other.y,\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
#~ " Self {\n"
#~ " x: self.x - other.x,\n"
#~ " y: self.y - other.y,\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
#~ " Selbst {\n"
#~ " x: self.x - other.x,\n"
#~ " y: self.y - other.y,\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Polygon\n"
#~ "pub struct Polygon {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n"
#~ " points: Vec<Point>,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "// ANKER: Vieleck\n"
#~ "pub struct Polygon {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Vieleck\n"
#~ " Punkte: Vec<Punkt>,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n"
#~ "impl Polygon {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n"
#~ " pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n"
#~ " Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Polygon-Impl\n"
#~ "impl Polygon {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-Impl\n"
#~ " pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n"
#~ " Vieleck { Punkte: Vec::new() }\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option<Point> {\n"
#~ " self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option<Punkt> {\n"
#~ " self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).kopiert()\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Point> {\n"
#~ " self.points.iter()\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Point> {\n"
#~ " self.points.iter()\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Circle\n"
#~ "pub struct Circle {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n"
#~ " center: Point,\n"
#~ " radius: i32,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "// ANKER: Kreis\n"
#~ "pub struct Kreis {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Kreis\n"
#~ " Mittelpunkt,\n"
#~ " Radius: i32,\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n"
#~ "impl Circle {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n"
#~ " pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n"
#~ " Circle { center, radius }\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Kreis-Impl\n"
#~ "impl Kreis {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Kreis-Impl\n"
#~ " pub fn neu (Zentrum: Punkt, Radius: i32) -> Kreis {\n"
#~ " Kreis { Mittelpunkt, Radius }\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n"
#~ " 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " pub fn Umfang(&self) -> f64 {\n"
#~ " 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n"
#~ " self.center.dist(other.center)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " pub fn dist(&selbst, andere: &selbst) -> f64 {\n"
#~ " self.center.dist(anderes.center)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Shape\n"
#~ "pub enum Shape {\n"
#~ " Polygon(Polygon),\n"
#~ " Circle(Circle),\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Shape"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "// ANKER: Form\n"
#~ "Pub-Aufzählung Form {\n"
#~ " Vieleck(Vieleck),\n"
#~ " Kreis (Kreis),\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Form"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl From<Polygon> for Shape {\n"
#~ " fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n"
#~ " Shape::Polygon(poly)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl From<Polygon> für Form {\n"
#~ " fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n"
#~ " Form::Polygon (poly)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl From<Circle> for Shape {\n"
#~ " fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n"
#~ " Shape::Circle(circle)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "impl Von<Kreis> für Form {\n"
#~ " fn from(Kreis: Kreis) -> Selbst {\n"
#~ " Form :: Kreis (Kreis)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "impl Shape {\n"
#~ " pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n"
#~ " match self {\n"
#~ " Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n"
#~ " Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Impl-Form {\n"
#~ " pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n"
#~ " mit sich selbst übereinstimmen {\n"
#~ " Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n"
#~ " Form::Kreis(Kreis) => Kreis.Umfang(),\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ " sum % 10 == 0\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ " Summe % 10 == 0\n"
#~ "}"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "// ANCHOR_END: setup"
#~ msgstr "// ANCHOR_END: Einrichtung"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Window-width\n"
#~ "impl Widget for Window {\n"
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n"
#~ " std::cmp::max(\n"
#~ " self.title.chars().count(),\n"
#~ " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
#~ " )\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Fensterbreite\n"
#~ "impl-Widget für Fenster {\n"
#~ " fn width(&self) -> use {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Fensterbreite\n"
#~ " std::cmp::max(\n"
#~ " self.title.chars().count(),\n"
#~ " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
#~ " )\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Button-width\n"
#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n"
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n"
#~ " self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Button-Breite\n"
#~ "impl-Widget für Schaltfläche {\n"
#~ " fn width(&self) -> use {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Button-Breite\n"
#~ " self.label.width() + 8 // etwas Polsterung hinzufügen\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Label-width\n"
#~ "impl Widget for Label {\n"
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n"
#~ " self.label\n"
#~ " .lines()\n"
#~ " .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n"
#~ " .max()\n"
#~ " .unwrap_or(0)\n"
#~ " }"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "// ANCHOR: Etikettenbreite\n"
#~ "impl-Widget für Label {\n"
#~ " fn width(&self) -> use {\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Etikettenbreite\n"
#~ " self.label\n"
#~ " .Linien()\n"
#~ " .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n"
#~ " .max()\n"
#~ " .unwrap_or(0)\n"
#~ " }"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
#~ " path: CString,\n"
#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: ffi"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "#[ableiten(Debuggen)]\n"
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
#~ " Pfad: CString,\n"
#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: ffi"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "struct Philosopher {\n"
#~ " name: String,\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n"
#~ " left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
#~ " right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
#~ " thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,\n"
#~ "}"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "struct Philosoph {\n"
#~ " Name: Zeichenfolge,\n"
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosoph\n"
#~ " left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
#~ " right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
#~ " Gedanken: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,\n"
#~ "}"