mirror of
https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust.git
synced 2024-12-15 06:20:32 +02:00
26240 lines
876 KiB
Plaintext
26240 lines
876 KiB
Plaintext
msgid ""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n"
|
|
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-01-24T11:55:41+01:00\n"
|
|
"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
|
|
"Last-Translator: \n"
|
|
"Language-Team: \n"
|
|
"Language: es\n"
|
|
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
|
|
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
|
|
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
|
|
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
|
|
"X-Generator: Poedit 3.4\n"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:3 src/index.md:1
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
msgstr "Te damos la bienvenida a Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:5 src/running-the-course.md:1
|
|
msgid "Running the Course"
|
|
msgstr "Desarrollo del curso"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:6 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:1
|
|
msgid "Course Structure"
|
|
msgstr "Estructura del curso"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:7 src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:1
|
|
msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts"
|
|
msgstr "Combinaciones de teclas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:8 src/running-the-course/translations.md:1
|
|
msgid "Translations"
|
|
msgstr "Traducciones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:9 src/cargo.md:1
|
|
msgid "Using Cargo"
|
|
msgstr "Usando Cargo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:10
|
|
msgid "Rust Ecosystem"
|
|
msgstr "Ecosistema Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:11
|
|
msgid "Code Samples"
|
|
msgstr "Ejemplos de Código"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:12
|
|
msgid "Running Cargo Locally"
|
|
msgstr "Ejecutar Cargo a nivel local"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:16
|
|
msgid "Day 1: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Día 1: mañana"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:18 src/SUMMARY.md:44 src/SUMMARY.md:70 src/SUMMARY.md:93
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:119 src/SUMMARY.md:138 src/SUMMARY.md:158 src/SUMMARY.md:184
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:207 src/SUMMARY.md:244 src/SUMMARY.md:286 src/SUMMARY.md:337
|
|
msgid "Welcome"
|
|
msgstr "Te damos la bienvenida"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:19 src/SUMMARY.md:21 src/hello-world.md:1
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Hello, World"
|
|
msgstr "¡Hola, mundo!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:20 src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:1
|
|
msgid "What is Rust?"
|
|
msgstr "¿Qué es Rust?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:22 src/hello-world/benefits.md:1
|
|
msgid "Benefits of Rust"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:23 src/hello-world/playground.md:1
|
|
msgid "Playground"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:24 src/types-and-values.md:1
|
|
msgid "Types and Values"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:25 src/types-and-values/variables.md:1
|
|
msgid "Variables"
|
|
msgstr "Variables"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:26 src/types-and-values/values.md:1
|
|
msgid "Values"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:27 src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md:1
|
|
msgid "Arithmetic"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:28 src/types-and-values/strings.md:1
|
|
msgid "Strings"
|
|
msgstr "Cadenas de texto (_Strings_)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:29 src/types-and-values/inference.md:1
|
|
msgid "Type Inference"
|
|
msgstr "Inferencia de tipos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:30 src/types-and-values/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Fibonacci"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:31 src/SUMMARY.md:40 src/SUMMARY.md:51 src/SUMMARY.md:56
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:64 src/SUMMARY.md:75 src/SUMMARY.md:82 src/SUMMARY.md:89
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:103 src/SUMMARY.md:113 src/SUMMARY.md:129 src/SUMMARY.md:134
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:144 src/SUMMARY.md:152 src/SUMMARY.md:164 src/SUMMARY.md:171
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:180 src/SUMMARY.md:192 src/SUMMARY.md:201
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/solution.md:1 src/control-flow-basics/solution.md:1
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md:1 src/references/solution.md:1
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:1 src/pattern-matching/solution.md:1
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/solution.md:1 src/generics/solution.md:1
|
|
#: src/std-types/solution.md:1 src/std-traits/solution.md:1
|
|
#: src/memory-management/solution.md:1 src/smart-pointers/solution.md:1
|
|
#: src/borrowing/solution.md:1 src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:1
|
|
#: src/iterators/solution.md:1 src/modules/solution.md:1
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md:1 src/error-handling/solution.md:1
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Solution"
|
|
msgstr "Soluciones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:32 src/control-flow-basics.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Control Flow Basics"
|
|
msgstr "Control de Flujo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:33 src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:1
|
|
msgid "Conditionals"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:34 src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Loops"
|
|
msgstr "Bucles `for`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:35 src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:1
|
|
msgid "`break` and `continue`"
|
|
msgstr "`break` y `continue`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:36 src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:1
|
|
msgid "Blocks and Scopes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:37 src/control-flow-basics/functions.md:1
|
|
msgid "Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Funciones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:38 src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:1
|
|
msgid "Macros"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:39 src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Collatz Sequence"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:42
|
|
msgid "Day 1: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Día 1: Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:45 src/SUMMARY.md:46 src/tuples-and-arrays.md:1
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:1
|
|
msgid "Tuples and Arrays"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:47 src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Array Iteration"
|
|
msgstr "Integración de Cargo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:48 src/SUMMARY.md:71 src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:1
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:1
|
|
msgid "Pattern Matching"
|
|
msgstr "Correspondencia de Patrones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:49 src/SUMMARY.md:72 src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:1
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Destructuring"
|
|
msgstr "Desestructurando Enums"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:50 src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Nested Arrays"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:52 src/references.md:1
|
|
msgid "References"
|
|
msgstr "Referencias"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:53 src/references/shared.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Shared References"
|
|
msgstr "Referencias"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:54 src/references/exclusive.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exclusive References"
|
|
msgstr "Referencias colgantes"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:55 src/references/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Geometry"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:57 src/user-defined-types.md:1
|
|
msgid "User-Defined Types"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:58 src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Named Structs"
|
|
msgstr "Structs"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:59 src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:5
|
|
msgid "Tuple Structs"
|
|
msgstr "Estructuras de tuplas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:60 src/user-defined-types/enums.md:1
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:24
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:67
|
|
msgid "Enums"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:61 src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Static and Const"
|
|
msgstr "static y const"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:62 src/user-defined-types/aliases.md:1
|
|
msgid "Type Aliases"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:63 src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Elevator Events"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:68
|
|
msgid "Day 2: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Día 2: Mañana"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:73 src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Let Control Flow"
|
|
msgstr "Control de Flujo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:74 src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Expression Evaluation"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:76 src/methods-and-traits.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Methods and Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Read y Write"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:77 src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:1
|
|
msgid "Methods"
|
|
msgstr "Métodos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:78 src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:1
|
|
msgid "Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Traits"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:79 src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Deriving"
|
|
msgstr "Derivación de Traits"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:80 src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:1
|
|
msgid "Trait Objects"
|
|
msgstr "Objetos Trait"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:81 src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Generic Logger"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:83 src/generics.md:1
|
|
msgid "Generics"
|
|
msgstr "Genéricos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:84 src/generics/generic-functions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Generic Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Funciones Externas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:85 src/generics/generic-data.md:1
|
|
msgid "Generic Data Types"
|
|
msgstr "Tipos de Datos Genéricos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:86 src/generics/trait-bounds.md:1
|
|
msgid "Trait Bounds"
|
|
msgstr "Trait Bounds"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:87 src/generics/impl-trait.md:1
|
|
msgid "`impl Trait`"
|
|
msgstr "`impl Trait`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:88 src/generics/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Generic `min`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:91
|
|
msgid "Day 2: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Día 2: tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:94 src/std-types.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Standard Library Types"
|
|
msgstr "Biblioteca estándar"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:95 src/std-types/std.md:1
|
|
msgid "Standard Library"
|
|
msgstr "Biblioteca estándar"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:96 src/std-types/docs.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Documentation"
|
|
msgstr "Pruebas de Documentación"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:97
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Option`"
|
|
msgstr "`Duration`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:98
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Result`"
|
|
msgstr "`Option`, `Result`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:99 src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`String`"
|
|
msgstr "String"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:100 src/std-types/vec.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Vec`"
|
|
msgstr "`Vec`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:101 src/std-types/hashmap.md:1 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:46
|
|
msgid "`HashMap`"
|
|
msgstr "`HashMap`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:102 src/std-types/exercise.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Counter"
|
|
msgstr "Ejercicios"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:104 src/std-traits.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Standard Library Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Biblioteca estándar"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:105 src/std-traits/comparisons.md:1 src/async.md:17
|
|
msgid "Comparisons"
|
|
msgstr "Comparaciones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:106 src/std-traits/operators.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Operators"
|
|
msgstr "Iteradores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:107 src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:1
|
|
msgid "`From` and `Into`"
|
|
msgstr "`From` e `Into`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:108 src/std-traits/casting.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Casting"
|
|
msgstr "Probando"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:109 src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Read` and `Write`"
|
|
msgstr "`Read` y `Write`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:110
|
|
msgid "`Default`, struct update syntax"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:111 src/std-traits/closures.md:1
|
|
msgid "Closures"
|
|
msgstr "Cierres"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:112 src/std-traits/exercise.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: ROT13"
|
|
msgstr "Ejercicios"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:117
|
|
msgid "Day 3: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Día 3: Mañana"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:120 src/memory-management.md:1
|
|
msgid "Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "Manejo de Memoria"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:121 src/memory-management/review.md:1
|
|
msgid "Review of Program Memory"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:122 src/memory-management/approaches.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Approaches to Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "Gestión Automática de la Memoria"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:123 src/memory-management/ownership.md:1
|
|
msgid "Ownership"
|
|
msgstr "Ownership"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:124 src/memory-management/move.md:1
|
|
msgid "Move Semantics"
|
|
msgstr "Semántica de movimiento"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:125
|
|
msgid "`Clone`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:126 src/memory-management/copy-types.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Copy Types"
|
|
msgstr "Tipos compuestos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:127
|
|
msgid "`Drop`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:128 src/memory-management/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Builder Type"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:130 src/smart-pointers.md:1
|
|
msgid "Smart Pointers"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:131 src/smart-pointers/box.md:1
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Box<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`Box`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:132 src/smart-pointers/rc.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Rc`"
|
|
msgstr "`Rc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:133 src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Binary Tree"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:136
|
|
msgid "Day 3: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Día 3: Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:139 src/borrowing.md:1
|
|
msgid "Borrowing"
|
|
msgstr "Préstamos (_Borrowing_)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:140 src/borrowing/shared.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Borrowing a Value"
|
|
msgstr "Préstamos (_Borrowing_)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:141 src/borrowing/borrowck.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Borrow Checking"
|
|
msgstr "Préstamos (_Borrowing_)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:142 src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Interior Mutability"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilidad"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:143 src/borrowing/exercise.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Health Statistics"
|
|
msgstr "Estadísticas de salud"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:145 src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Slices and Lifetimes"
|
|
msgstr "Tiempos de vida"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:146
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Slices: `&[T]`"
|
|
msgstr "Slices"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:147 src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "String References"
|
|
msgstr "Referencias colgantes"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:148 src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Lifetime Annotations"
|
|
msgstr "Tiempos de Vida en Llamadas a Función"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:149
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Lifetime Elision"
|
|
msgstr "Tiempos de vida"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:150
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Struct Lifetimes"
|
|
msgstr "Tiempos de vida"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:151 src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Protobuf Parsing"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:156
|
|
msgid "Day 4: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Día 4: Mañana"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:159 src/iterators.md:1
|
|
msgid "Iterators"
|
|
msgstr "Iteradores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:160 src/iterators/iterator.md:5 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:28
|
|
msgid "`Iterator`"
|
|
msgstr "`Iterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:161 src/iterators/intoiterator.md:1
|
|
msgid "`IntoIterator`"
|
|
msgstr "`IntoIterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:162
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`FromIterator`"
|
|
msgstr "FromIterator"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:163 src/iterators/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Iterator Method Chaining"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:165 src/SUMMARY.md:166 src/modules.md:1
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md:1
|
|
msgid "Modules"
|
|
msgstr "Módulos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:167 src/modules/filesystem.md:1
|
|
msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy"
|
|
msgstr "Jerarquía del sistema de archivos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:168 src/modules/visibility.md:1
|
|
msgid "Visibility"
|
|
msgstr "Visibilidad"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:169
|
|
msgid "`use`, `super`, `self`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:170 src/modules/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Modules for a GUI Library"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:172 src/SUMMARY.md:253 src/testing.md:1
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md:1
|
|
msgid "Testing"
|
|
msgstr "Probando"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:173
|
|
msgid "Test Modules"
|
|
msgstr "Módulos de Pruebas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:174 src/testing/other.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Other Types of Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Otros proyectos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:175 src/SUMMARY.md:321 src/testing/useful-crates.md:1
|
|
msgid "Useful Crates"
|
|
msgstr "Crates útiles"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:176 src/testing/googletest.md:1
|
|
msgid "GoogleTest"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:177 src/testing/mocking.md:1
|
|
msgid "Mocking"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:178 src/testing/lints.md:1
|
|
msgid "Compiler Lints and Clippy"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:179 src/testing/exercise.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Luhn Algorithm"
|
|
msgstr "Algoritmo de Luhn"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:182
|
|
msgid "Day 4: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Día 4: Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:185 src/error-handling.md:1
|
|
msgid "Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "Manejo de Errores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:186 src/error-handling/panics.md:1
|
|
msgid "Panics"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:187 src/error-handling/try.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Try Operator"
|
|
msgstr "Iteradores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:188 src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Try Conversions"
|
|
msgstr "Conversiones Implícitas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:189
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Error` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "`Error`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:190 src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`thiserror` and `anyhow`"
|
|
msgstr "`From` e `Into`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:191
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Rewriting with `Result`"
|
|
msgstr "Gestión Estructurada de Errores con `Result`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:193 src/unsafe-rust.md:1 src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:1
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Unsafe Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:194
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe"
|
|
msgstr "Unsafe Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:195 src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:1
|
|
msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers"
|
|
msgstr "Dereferenciación de Punteros Sin Formato"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:196 src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:1
|
|
msgid "Mutable Static Variables"
|
|
msgstr "Variables Estáticas Mutables"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:197 src/unsafe-rust/unions.md:1
|
|
msgid "Unions"
|
|
msgstr "Uniones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:198 src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Llamar Funciones Unsafe (Inseguras)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:199
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Implementación de Traits Unsafe (Inseguras) "
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:200
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: FFI Wrapper"
|
|
msgstr "Envoltorio de FFI Seguro"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:203 src/SUMMARY.md:327 src/bare-metal/android.md:1
|
|
msgid "Android"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:208 src/SUMMARY.md:245 src/android/setup.md:1
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md:1
|
|
msgid "Setup"
|
|
msgstr "Configurar"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:209 src/SUMMARY.md:248 src/android/build-rules.md:1
|
|
msgid "Build Rules"
|
|
msgstr "Reglas de Compilación (Build)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:210
|
|
msgid "Binary"
|
|
msgstr "Binarios"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:211
|
|
msgid "Library"
|
|
msgstr "Biblioteca"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:212 src/android/aidl.md:1
|
|
msgid "AIDL"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:213
|
|
msgid "Interface"
|
|
msgstr "Interfaz"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:214
|
|
msgid "Implementation"
|
|
msgstr "Implementación"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:215
|
|
msgid "Server"
|
|
msgstr "Servidor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:216 src/android/aidl/deploy.md:1
|
|
msgid "Deploy"
|
|
msgstr "Despliegue"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:217
|
|
msgid "Client"
|
|
msgstr "Cliente"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:218 src/android/aidl/changing.md:1
|
|
msgid "Changing API"
|
|
msgstr "Cambio de API"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:219 src/SUMMARY.md:317 src/android/logging.md:1
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:1
|
|
msgid "Logging"
|
|
msgstr "Almacenamiento de registros"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:220 src/android/interoperability.md:1
|
|
msgid "Interoperability"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilidad"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:221
|
|
msgid "With C"
|
|
msgstr "Con C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:222
|
|
msgid "Calling C with Bindgen"
|
|
msgstr "Llamar a C con Bindgen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:223
|
|
msgid "Calling Rust from C"
|
|
msgstr "Llamar a Rust desde C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:224 src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:1
|
|
msgid "With C++"
|
|
msgstr "Con C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:225 src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The Bridge Module"
|
|
msgstr "Módulos de Pruebas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:226
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust Bridge"
|
|
msgstr "Binarios de Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:227 src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md:1
|
|
msgid "Generated C++"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:228
|
|
msgid "C++ Bridge"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:229 src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Shared Types"
|
|
msgstr "Tipos escalares"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:230 src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md:1
|
|
msgid "Shared Enums"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:231 src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "Manejo de Errores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:232 src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "C++ Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "Manejo de Errores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:233 src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:1
|
|
msgid "Additional Types"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:234
|
|
msgid "Building for Android: C++"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:235
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Building for Android: Genrules"
|
|
msgstr "Construir componentes en Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:236
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Building for Android: Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Construir componentes en Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:237
|
|
msgid "With Java"
|
|
msgstr "Con Java"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:238 src/SUMMARY.md:300 src/SUMMARY.md:329 src/SUMMARY.md:351
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:373 src/exercises/android/morning.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "Ejercicios"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:240
|
|
msgid "Chromium"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:246 src/chromium/cargo.md:1
|
|
msgid "Comparing Chromium and Cargo Ecosystems"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:247
|
|
msgid "Policy"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:249
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Code"
|
|
msgstr "Unsafe Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:250 src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md:1
|
|
msgid "Depending on Rust Code from Chromium C++"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:251 src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:1
|
|
msgid "Visual Studio Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:252 src/SUMMARY.md:257 src/SUMMARY.md:265 src/SUMMARY.md:278
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Ejercicios"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:254 src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md:1
|
|
msgid "`rust_gtest_interop` Library"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:255 src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md:1
|
|
msgid "GN Rules for Rust Tests"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:256 src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md:1
|
|
msgid "`chromium::import!` Macro"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:258 src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Interoperability with C++"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilidad con C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:259
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Example Bindings"
|
|
msgstr "Ejemplos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:260
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:1
|
|
msgid "Limitations of CXX"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:261
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "CXX Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "Manejo de Errores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:262
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Error Handling: QR Example"
|
|
msgstr "Manejo de Errores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:263
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Error Handling: PNG Example"
|
|
msgstr "Manejo de Errores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:264
|
|
msgid "Using CXX in Chromium"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:266 src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:1
|
|
msgid "Adding Third Party Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:267
|
|
msgid "Configuring Cargo.toml"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:268
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md:1
|
|
msgid "Configuring `gnrt_config.toml`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:269
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:1
|
|
msgid "Downloading Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:270
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:1
|
|
msgid "Generating `gn` Build Rules"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:271
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:1
|
|
msgid "Resolving Problems"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:272
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md:1
|
|
msgid "Build Scripts Which Generate Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:273
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md:1
|
|
msgid "Build Scripts Which Build C++ or Take Arbitrary Actions"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:274
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md:1
|
|
msgid "Depending on a Crate"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:275
|
|
msgid "Reviews and Audits"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:276
|
|
msgid "Checking into Chromium Source Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:277
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/keeping-up-to-date.md:1
|
|
msgid "Keeping Crates Up to Date"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:279
|
|
msgid "Bringing It Together - Exercise"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:280 src/exercises/chromium/solutions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise Solutions"
|
|
msgstr "Soluciones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:282
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Bare Metal: mañana"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:287 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:1
|
|
msgid "`no_std`"
|
|
msgstr "`no_std`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:288
|
|
msgid "A Minimal Example"
|
|
msgstr "Un Pequeño Ejemplo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:289 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:12 src/bare-metal/alloc.md:1
|
|
msgid "`alloc`"
|
|
msgstr "`alloc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:290 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:1
|
|
msgid "Microcontrollers"
|
|
msgstr "Microcontroladores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:291 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:1
|
|
msgid "Raw MMIO"
|
|
msgstr "MMIO sin procesar"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:292
|
|
msgid "PACs"
|
|
msgstr "PAC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:293
|
|
msgid "HAL Crates"
|
|
msgstr "Crates HAL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:294
|
|
msgid "Board Support Crates"
|
|
msgstr "Crates de Soporte de Placa"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:295
|
|
msgid "The Type State Pattern"
|
|
msgstr "El Patrón de Tipo de Estado"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:296 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:1
|
|
msgid "`embedded-hal`"
|
|
msgstr "`embedded-hal`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:297 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`probe-rs` and `cargo-embed`"
|
|
msgstr "`probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:298 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:1
|
|
msgid "Debugging"
|
|
msgstr "Depuración"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:299 src/SUMMARY.md:320
|
|
msgid "Other Projects"
|
|
msgstr "Otros proyectos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:301 src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "Compass"
|
|
msgstr "Brújula"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:302 src/SUMMARY.md:331 src/SUMMARY.md:354 src/SUMMARY.md:376
|
|
msgid "Solutions"
|
|
msgstr "Soluciones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:304
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Bare Metal: tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:306
|
|
msgid "Application Processors"
|
|
msgstr "Procesadores de aplicaciones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:307 src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:1
|
|
msgid "Getting Ready to Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Iniciación a Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:308
|
|
msgid "Inline Assembly"
|
|
msgstr "Ensamblador en línea"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:309
|
|
msgid "MMIO"
|
|
msgstr "MMIO"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:310
|
|
msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Escribir un controlador UART"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:311
|
|
msgid "More Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Más traits"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:312
|
|
msgid "A Better UART Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Un controlador UART mejor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:313 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:1
|
|
msgid "Bitflags"
|
|
msgstr "Bitflags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:314
|
|
msgid "Multiple Registers"
|
|
msgstr "Varios registros"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:315 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:1
|
|
msgid "Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Conductor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:316 src/SUMMARY.md:318
|
|
msgid "Using It"
|
|
msgstr "Cómo usarlo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:319 src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exceptions"
|
|
msgstr "Excepciones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:322 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:1
|
|
msgid "`zerocopy`"
|
|
msgstr "`zerocopy`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:323 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:1
|
|
msgid "`aarch64-paging`"
|
|
msgstr "`aarch64-paging`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:324 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:1
|
|
msgid "`buddy_system_allocator`"
|
|
msgstr "`buddy_system_allocator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:325 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:1
|
|
msgid "`tinyvec`"
|
|
msgstr "`tinyvec`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:326 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:1
|
|
msgid "`spin`"
|
|
msgstr "`spin`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:328
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`vmbase`"
|
|
msgstr "vmbase"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:330
|
|
msgid "RTC Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Controlador RTC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:333
|
|
msgid "Concurrency: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Concurrencia: mañana"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:338 src/concurrency/threads.md:1
|
|
msgid "Threads"
|
|
msgstr "Hilos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:339 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1
|
|
msgid "Scoped Threads"
|
|
msgstr "Hilos con ámbito"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:340 src/concurrency/channels.md:1
|
|
msgid "Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Canales"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:341 src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1
|
|
msgid "Unbounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Canales sin límites"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:342 src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1
|
|
msgid "Bounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Canales delimitados"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:343 src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Send` and `Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Send` y `Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:344 src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Send`"
|
|
msgstr "`Send`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:345 src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:346 src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1
|
|
msgid "Examples"
|
|
msgstr "Ejemplos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:347 src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1
|
|
msgid "Shared State"
|
|
msgstr "Estado compartido"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:348 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Arc`"
|
|
msgstr "`Arc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:349 src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Mutex`"
|
|
msgstr "`Mutex`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:350 src/memory-management/review.md:16
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:23
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:1
|
|
msgid "Example"
|
|
msgstr "Ejemplo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:352 src/SUMMARY.md:374
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "Dining Philosophers"
|
|
msgstr "La cena de los filósofos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:353 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:1
|
|
msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker"
|
|
msgstr "Comprobador de enlaces multihilo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:356
|
|
msgid "Concurrency: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Concurrencia: tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:358
|
|
msgid "Async Basics"
|
|
msgstr "Conceptos básicos de Async"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:359 src/async/async-await.md:1
|
|
msgid "`async`/`await`"
|
|
msgstr "`async`/`await`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:360 src/async/futures.md:1
|
|
msgid "Futures"
|
|
msgstr "Future"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:361 src/async/runtimes.md:1
|
|
msgid "Runtimes"
|
|
msgstr "Runtimes (Tiempos de Ejecución)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:362 src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:1
|
|
msgid "Tokio"
|
|
msgstr "Tokio"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:363 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:127
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:1 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:143
|
|
msgid "Tasks"
|
|
msgstr "Tasks"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:364 src/async/channels.md:1
|
|
msgid "Async Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Canales asíncronos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:365
|
|
msgid "Control Flow"
|
|
msgstr "Control de Flujo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:366 src/async/control-flow/join.md:1
|
|
msgid "Join"
|
|
msgstr "Unir"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:367 src/async/control-flow/select.md:1
|
|
msgid "Select"
|
|
msgstr "Seleccionar"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:368
|
|
msgid "Pitfalls"
|
|
msgstr "Inconvenientes"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:369
|
|
msgid "Blocking the Executor"
|
|
msgstr "Bloqueo del ejecutor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:370 src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Pin`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:371 src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:1
|
|
msgid "Async Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Traits asíncronos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:372 src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:1
|
|
msgid "Cancellation"
|
|
msgstr "Cancelación"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:375 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:95
|
|
msgid "Broadcast Chat Application"
|
|
msgstr "Aplicación de chat de difusión"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:378
|
|
msgid "Final Words"
|
|
msgstr "Conclusiones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:382 src/thanks.md:1
|
|
msgid "Thanks!"
|
|
msgstr "Gracias."
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:383 src/glossary.md:1
|
|
msgid "Glossary"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:384
|
|
msgid "Other Resources"
|
|
msgstr "Otros recursos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:385 src/credits.md:1
|
|
msgid "Credits"
|
|
msgstr "Créditos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!"
|
|
"[GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields."
|
|
"io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github."
|
|
"com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a free Rust course developed by the Android team at Google. The "
|
|
"course covers the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced "
|
|
"topics like generics and error handling."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este es un curso de Rust de tres días que ha desarrollado el equipo de "
|
|
"Android de Google. El curso abarca todo lo relacionado con Rust, desde la "
|
|
"sintaxis básica hasta temas avanzados como los genéricos y la gestión de "
|
|
"errores. También incluye contenidos específicos de Android el último día."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The latest version of the course can be found at <https://google.github.io/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/>. If you are reading somewhere else, please check there "
|
|
"for updates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La última versión del curso se puede encontrar en <https://google.github.io/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/>. Si lo estás leyendo en otro lugar, consulta allí para "
|
|
"obtener actualizaciones."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know "
|
|
"anything about Rust and hope to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El objetivo del curso es enseñarte Rust. Suponemos que no sabes nada sobre "
|
|
"Rust y esperamos lograr lo siguiente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:18
|
|
msgid "Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language."
|
|
msgstr "Darte un entendimiento comprensivo de la sintaxis y lenguaje Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:19
|
|
msgid "Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust."
|
|
msgstr "Permitirte modificar programas de Rust y escribir otros nuevos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:20
|
|
msgid "Show you common Rust idioms."
|
|
msgstr "Brindarte idiomática propia de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We call the first four course days Rust Fundamentals."
|
|
msgstr "Llamamos a los tres primeros días del curso Fundamentos de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Building on this, you're invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Basándonos en esto, te invitamos a profundizar en uno o más temas "
|
|
"especializados:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Android](android.md): a half-day course on using Rust for Android platform "
|
|
"development (AOSP). This includes interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Android](android.md): un curso de medio día sobre el uso de Rust en el "
|
|
"desarrollo de la plataforma Android (AOSP). En él se incluye la "
|
|
"interoperabilidad con C, C++ y Java."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:28
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Chromium](chromium.md): a half-day course on using Rust within Chromium "
|
|
"based browsers. This includes interoperability with C++ and how to include "
|
|
"third-party crates in Chromium."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Android](android.md): un curso de medio día sobre el uso de Rust en el "
|
|
"desarrollo de la plataforma Android (AOSP). En él se incluye la "
|
|
"interoperabilidad con C, C++ y Java."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): a whole-day class on using Rust for bare-metal "
|
|
"(embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application processors are "
|
|
"covered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Bare Metal](bare-metal.md): una clase de un día sobre el uso de Rust para "
|
|
"el desarrollo bare-metal (insertado). Se tratarán tanto los "
|
|
"microcontroladores como los procesadores de aplicaciones."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Concurrency](concurrency.md): a whole-day class on concurrency in Rust. We "
|
|
"cover both classical concurrency (preemptively scheduling using threads and "
|
|
"mutexes) and async/await concurrency (cooperative multitasking using "
|
|
"futures)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Concurrencia](concurrency.md): una clase de un día sobre concurrencia en "
|
|
"Rust. Abordaremos tanto la concurrencia clásica (programación interrumpible "
|
|
"mediante hilos y exclusiones mutuas), como la concurrencia async / await "
|
|
"(multitarea cooperativa mediante traits future)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:38
|
|
msgid "Non-Goals"
|
|
msgstr "Objetivos que no trataremos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few "
|
|
"days. Some non-goals of this course are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust es un lenguaje muy amplio y no podremos abarcarlo todo en unos pocos "
|
|
"días. Algunos de los objetivos que no se plantean en este curso son los "
|
|
"siguientes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Learning how to develop macros: please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust Book]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by Example]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aprender a desarrollar macros: consulta el [capítulo 19.5 del Libro de Rust ]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) y [Rust by Example]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:48
|
|
msgid "Assumptions"
|
|
msgstr "Suposiciones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a "
|
|
"statically-typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and "
|
|
"C++ to better explain or contrast the Rust approach."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El curso presupone que ya sabes programar. Rust es un lenguaje estáticamente "
|
|
"tipado y, a veces, haremos comparaciones con C y C++ para explicarlo mejor o "
|
|
"contrastar nuestro enfoque."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you know how to program in a dynamically-typed language such as Python or "
|
|
"JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si sabes programar en un lenguaje dinámicamente tipado, como Python o "
|
|
"JavaScript, podrás seguir el ritmo sin problema."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional "
|
|
"information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor "
|
|
"should cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este es un ejemplo de una _nota del orador_. Las utilizaremos para añadir "
|
|
"información adicional a las diapositivas. Puede tratarse de puntos clave que "
|
|
"el instructor debería tratar, así como de respuestas a preguntas frecuentes "
|
|
"que surgen en clase."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:3 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:3
|
|
msgid "This page is for the course instructor."
|
|
msgstr "Esta página está dirigida al instructor del curso."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the "
|
|
"course internally at Google."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A continuación, te ofrecemos información general sobre cómo se ha "
|
|
"desarrollado el curso en Google."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We typically run classes from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm, with a 1 hour lunch break "
|
|
"in the middle. This leaves 3 hours for the morning class and 3 hours for the "
|
|
"afternoon class. Both sessions contain multiple breaks and time for students "
|
|
"to work on exercises."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Normalmente, impartimos las clases de 10:00 a 16:00, con una pausa para "
|
|
"comer de una hora. Esto deja 2,5 horas para la clase de la mañana y 2,5 "
|
|
"horas para la clase de la tarde. Ten en cuenta que esta es solo una "
|
|
"recomendación: también puedes dedicar 3 horas a la sesión de la mañana para "
|
|
"dar a la gente más tiempo para los ejercicios. El inconveniente de las "
|
|
"sesiones más largas es que la gente puede cansarse mucho después de 6 horas "
|
|
"completas de clase por la tarde."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:13
|
|
msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:"
|
|
msgstr "Antes de impartir el curso, te recomdamos hacer lo siguiente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker "
|
|
"notes to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more "
|
|
"speaker notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker "
|
|
"notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker "
|
|
"Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Familiarízate con el material del curso. Hemos incluido notas del orador "
|
|
"para destacar los puntos clave (ayúdanos a añadir más notas de este tipo). "
|
|
"Cuando hagas una presentación, asegúrate de abrir las notas del orador en "
|
|
"una ventana emergente (haz clic en el enlace que tiene una pequeña flecha "
|
|
"junto a \"Notas del orador\"). De esta manera, tendrás una pantalla "
|
|
"despejada para mostrar a la clase."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:21
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Decide on the dates. Since the course takes four days, we recommend that you "
|
|
"schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants have said that they "
|
|
"find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them process all "
|
|
"the information we give them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Decide bien las fechas. Dado que el curso dura al menos tres días completos, "
|
|
"te recomendamos que repartas los días a lo largo de dos semanas. Los "
|
|
"participantes del curso han dicho que les resulta útil hacer pausas durante "
|
|
"el curso, ya que les ayuda a procesar toda la información que les "
|
|
"proporcionamos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a "
|
|
"class size of 15-25 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable "
|
|
"asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have "
|
|
"time to answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself "
|
|
"and for the students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your "
|
|
"laptops. In particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an "
|
|
"instructor, so a lectern won't be very helpful for you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Busca una sala con capacidad suficiente para los participantes presenciales. "
|
|
"Recomendamos una sala para entre 15 y 25 personas. Es el tamaño ideal para "
|
|
"que los alumnos se sientan cómodos haciendo preguntas y para que el profesor "
|
|
"tenga tiempo de responderlas. Asegúrate de que en la sala haya _mesas_ para "
|
|
"ti y para los alumnos: todos necesitaréis sentaros y trabajar con vuestros "
|
|
"portátiles. Además, como instructor, programarás mucho en directo, por lo "
|
|
"que un atril no te resultará muy útil."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things "
|
|
"up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your "
|
|
"laptop (see the [installation instructions](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust#building)). This ensures optimal performance with no lag "
|
|
"as you change pages. Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as "
|
|
"you or the course participants spot them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El mismo día del curso, llega con antelación a la clase para preparar todo "
|
|
"lo necesario. Te recomendamos que realices la presentación directamente "
|
|
"desde `mdbook serve` en tu portátil (consulta las \\[instrucciones de "
|
|
"instalación\\]\\[3\\]). Así conseguirás un rendimiento óptimo y que no haya "
|
|
"demoras al pasar de una página a otra. También podrás corregir las erratas a "
|
|
"medida que tú o los participantes del curso las detectéis."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. We "
|
|
"typically spend 30-45 minutes on exercises in the morning and in the "
|
|
"afternoon (including time to review the solutions). Make sure to ask people "
|
|
"if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When you see "
|
|
"that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class and "
|
|
"offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant "
|
|
"information in the standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Deja que los alumnos resuelvan los ejercicios por sí mismos o en pequeños "
|
|
"grupos. Solemos dedicar entre 30 y 45 minutos a los ejercicios por la mañana "
|
|
"y por la tarde (incluido el tiempo para revisar las soluciones). Asegúrate "
|
|
"de preguntar a los asistentes si les está costando hacerlo o si hay algo en "
|
|
"lo que puedas ayudarles. Cuando veas que varias personas tienen el mismo "
|
|
"problema, coméntalo delante de la clase y ofrece una solución. Por ejemplo, "
|
|
"enséñales dónde encontrar la información importante en la biblioteca "
|
|
"estándar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun "
|
|
"for you as it has been for us!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Eso es todo. ¡Buena suerte con el curso! Esperamos que te diviertas tanto "
|
|
"como nosotros."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please [provide feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
|
|
"discussions/86) afterwards so that we can keep improving the course. We "
|
|
"would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made better. "
|
|
"Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Después, [envíanos un comentario](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust/discussions/86) para que podamos seguir mejorando el curso. Estaremos "
|
|
"encantados de que nos cuentes qué aspectos destacarías y qué se puede "
|
|
"mejorar. Tus alumnos también pueden [enviarnos sus sugerencias](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:5
|
|
msgid "Rust Fundamentals"
|
|
msgstr "Fundamentos de Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The first four days make up [Rust Fundamentals](../welcome-day-1.md). The "
|
|
"days are fast paced and we cover a lot of ground!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los primeros tres días forman los [Fundamentos de Rust](../welcome-day-1."
|
|
"md). Los días son muy intensos y cubrimos mucho terreno:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Course schedule:"
|
|
msgstr "Estructura del curso"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:11
|
|
msgid "Day 1 Morning (3 hours, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:12
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-1.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:13
|
|
msgid "[Hello, World](../hello-world.md) (20 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:14
|
|
msgid "[Types and Values](../types-and-values.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:15
|
|
msgid "[Control Flow Basics](../control-flow-basics.md) (1 hour)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:16
|
|
msgid "Day 1 Afternoon (2 hours and 55 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:17
|
|
msgid "[Tuples and Arrays](../tuples-and-arrays.md) (1 hour)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:18
|
|
msgid "[References](../references.md) (50 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:19
|
|
msgid "[User-Defined Types](../user-defined-types.md) (50 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:20
|
|
msgid "Day 2 Morning (3 hours and 5 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:21
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-2.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Pattern Matching](../pattern-matching.md) (50 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consulta de nuevo la sección de [coincidencia de patrones](../pattern-"
|
|
"matching.md) para obtener más información sobre los patrones de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:23
|
|
msgid "[Methods and Traits](../methods-and-traits.md) (55 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:24
|
|
msgid "[Generics](../generics.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Day 2 Afternoon (3 hours, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr "Día 2: Ejercicios de la tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:26
|
|
msgid "[Standard Library Types](../std-types.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:27
|
|
msgid "[Standard Library Traits](../std-traits.md) (1 hour and 40 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:28
|
|
msgid "Day 3 Morning (2 hours and 15 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:29
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-3.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:30
|
|
msgid "[Memory Management](../memory-management.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:31
|
|
msgid "[Smart Pointers](../smart-pointers.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:32
|
|
msgid "Day 3 Afternoon (2 hours and 20 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:33
|
|
msgid "[Borrowing](../borrowing.md) (1 hour)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Slices and Lifetimes](../slices-and-lifetimes.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:35
|
|
msgid "Day 4 Morning (3 hours and 5 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:36
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-4.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:37
|
|
msgid "[Iterators](../iterators.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:38
|
|
msgid "[Modules](../modules.md) (40 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:39
|
|
msgid "[Testing](../testing.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:40
|
|
msgid "Day 4 Afternoon (2 hours, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:41
|
|
msgid "[Error Handling](../error-handling.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:42
|
|
msgid "[Unsafe Rust](../unsafe-rust.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:45
|
|
msgid "Deep Dives"
|
|
msgstr "Información más detallada"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:47
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition to the 4-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more "
|
|
"specialized topics:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Además de la clase de 3 días sobre los fundamentos de Rust, abordamos "
|
|
"algunos temas más especializados:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:50
|
|
msgid "Rust in Android"
|
|
msgstr "Rust en Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Rust in Android](../android.md) deep dive is a half-day course on using "
|
|
"Rust for Android platform development. This includes interoperability with "
|
|
"C, C++, and Java."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust en Android](../android.md) es un curso de medio día sobre el uso de "
|
|
"Rust para el desarrollo de la plataforma Android. En él se incluye la "
|
|
"interoperabilidad con C, C++ y Java."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need an [AOSP checkout](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/"
|
|
"download/downloading). Make a checkout of the [course repository](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) on the same machine and move the `src/"
|
|
"android/` directory into the root of your AOSP checkout. This will ensure "
|
|
"that the Android build system sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Necesitarás [conseguir el AOSP](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/"
|
|
"download/downloading). Descarga el [repositorio del curso](https://github."
|
|
"com/google/comprehensive-rust) en el mismo ordenador y mueve el directorio "
|
|
"`src/android/` a la raíz del AOSP. De esta forma, el sistema de compilación "
|
|
"de Android verá los archivos `Android.bp` en `src/android/`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:61
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build "
|
|
"all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to "
|
|
"see the commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Asegúrate que `adb sync` funciona con tu emulador o en un dispositivo físico "
|
|
"y haz pre-build en todos los ejemplos de Android usando `src/android/"
|
|
"build_all.sh`. Lee el script para ver los comandos que corren y asegúrate "
|
|
"que funcionan cuando lo corres a mano."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:68
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust in Chromium"
|
|
msgstr "Rust en Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:70
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Rust in Chromium](../chromium.md) deep dive is a half-day course on "
|
|
"using Rust as part of the Chromium browser. It includes using Rust in "
|
|
"Chromium's `gn` build system, bringing in third-party libraries (\"crates\") "
|
|
"and C++ interoperability."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:75
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need to be able to build Chromium --- a debug, component build is "
|
|
"[recommended](../chromium/setup.md) for speed but any build will work. "
|
|
"Ensure that you can run the Chromium browser that you've built."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:79
|
|
msgid "Bare-Metal Rust"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:81
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Bare-Metal Rust](../bare-metal.md) deep dive is a full day class on "
|
|
"using Rust for bare-metal (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and "
|
|
"application processors are covered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Bare Metal Rust](../bare-metal.md) es una clase de un día sobre cómo usar "
|
|
"Rust para el desarrollo bare-metal (insertado). Se tratarán tanto "
|
|
"microcontroladores como procesadores de aplicaciones."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:85
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the microcontroller part, you will need to buy the [BBC micro:bit]"
|
|
"(https://microbit.org/) v2 development board ahead of time. Everybody will "
|
|
"need to install a number of packages as described on the [welcome page](../"
|
|
"bare-metal.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para la parte de los microcontroladores, necesitarás comprar con antelación "
|
|
"la segunda versión de la placa programable [BBC micro:bit](https://microbit."
|
|
"org/). Todo el mundo deberá instalar una serie de paquetes, tal como se "
|
|
"describe en la [página de bienvenida](../bare-metal.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:90
|
|
msgid "Concurrency in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Concurrencia en Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:92
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Concurrency in Rust](../concurrency.md) deep dive is a full day class "
|
|
"on classical as well as `async`/`await` concurrency."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Concurrencia en profundidad](../concurrency.md) es una clase de un día "
|
|
"sobre la concurrencia clásica y la concurrencia `async`/`await`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:95
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need a fresh crate set up and the dependencies downloaded and ready "
|
|
"to go. You can then copy/paste the examples into `src/main.rs` to experiment "
|
|
"with them:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Necesitarás configurar un nuevo crate, y descargar y preparar las "
|
|
"dependencias. A continuación, podrás copiar y pegar los ejemplos en `src/"
|
|
"main.rs` para experimentar con ellos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:106
|
|
msgid "Format"
|
|
msgstr "Formato"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:108
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the "
|
|
"questions drive the exploration of Rust!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El curso está pensado para ser muy interactivo, por lo que te recomendamos "
|
|
"que dejes que las preguntas guíen el aprendizaje de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:3
|
|
msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:"
|
|
msgstr "Existen varias combinaciones de teclas útiles en mdBook:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5
|
|
msgid "Arrow-Left"
|
|
msgstr "Flecha izquierda"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5
|
|
msgid ": Navigate to the previous page."
|
|
msgstr ": ir a la página anterior."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6
|
|
msgid "Arrow-Right"
|
|
msgstr "Flecha derecha"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6
|
|
msgid ": Navigate to the next page."
|
|
msgstr ": ir a la página siguiente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7 src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
|
|
msgid "Ctrl + Enter"
|
|
msgstr "Ctrl + Intro"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7
|
|
msgid ": Execute the code sample that has focus."
|
|
msgstr ": ejecutar el código de ejemplo seleccionado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8
|
|
msgid "s"
|
|
msgstr "s"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8
|
|
msgid ": Activate the search bar."
|
|
msgstr ": activar la barra de búsqueda."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful "
|
|
"volunteers:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El curso se ha traducido a otros idiomas gracias a grupo de maravillosos "
|
|
"voluntarios:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Brazilian Portuguese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) "
|
|
"by [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://github."
|
|
"com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes), and "
|
|
"[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Chinese (Simplified)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-CN/) "
|
|
"by [@suetfei](https://github.com/suetfei), [@wnghl](https://github.com/"
|
|
"wnghl), [@anlunx](https://github.com/anlunx), [@kongy](https://github.com/"
|
|
"kongy), [@noahdragon](https://github.com/noahdragon), [@superwhd](https://"
|
|
"github.com/superwhd), [@SketchK](https://github.com/SketchK), and [@nodmp]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/nodmp)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Chinese (Traditional)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-TW/) "
|
|
"by [@hueich](https://github.com/hueich), [@victorhsieh](https://github.com/"
|
|
"victorhsieh), [@mingyc](https://github.com/mingyc), [@kuanhungchen](https://"
|
|
"github.com/kuanhungchen), and [@johnathan79717](https://github.com/"
|
|
"johnathan79717)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Korean](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) by [@keispace]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp), and "
|
|
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Spanish](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/es/) by [@deavid]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/deavid)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cambia el idioma con el selector situado en la esquina superior derecha."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:17
|
|
msgid "Incomplete Translations"
|
|
msgstr "Traducciones Incompletas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There is a large number of in-progress translations. We link to the most "
|
|
"recently updated translations:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Hay muchas traducciones todavía en curso. A continuación, incluimos enlaces "
|
|
"a las traducciones más actualizadas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Bengali](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) by [@raselmandol]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/raselmandol)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[French](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) by [@KookaS]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/KookaS) and [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[German](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) by [@Throvn]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/Throvn) and [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Japanese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) by [@CoinEZ-JPN]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/CoinEZ) and [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/"
|
|
"momotaro1105)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) for how to "
|
|
"get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si quieres ayudar en esta iniciativa, consulta [nuestras instrucciones]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) "
|
|
"para empezar. Las traducciones se coordinan en la [herramienta de "
|
|
"seguimiento de incidencias](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
|
|
"issues/282)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool used in the Rust ecosystem to build "
|
|
"and run Rust applications. Here we want to give a brief overview of what "
|
|
"Cargo is and how it fits into the wider ecosystem and how it fits into this "
|
|
"training."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuando empieces a informarte sobre Rust, conocerás [Cargo](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/cargo/), la herramienta estándar que se utiliza en el ecosistema de "
|
|
"Rust para crear y ejecutar sus aplicaciones. En este artículo, te ofrecemos "
|
|
"una breve descripción de lo que es Cargo, cómo se integra en el ecosistema "
|
|
"más amplio y cómo encaja en esta formación."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:9
|
|
msgid "Installation"
|
|
msgstr "Instalación"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:11
|
|
msgid "**Please follow the instructions on <https://rustup.rs/>.**"
|
|
msgstr "**Sigue las instrucciones que se indican en <https://rustup.rs/>.**"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This will give you the Cargo build tool (`cargo`) and the Rust compiler "
|
|
"(`rustc`). You will also get `rustup`, a command line utility that you can "
|
|
"use to install to different compiler versions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De este modo, obtendrás la herramienta de compilación de Cargo (`cargo`) y "
|
|
"el compilador de Rust (`rustc`). También obtendrás `rustup`, una utilidad de "
|
|
"línea de comandos que puedes utilizar para instalar o cambiar cadenas de "
|
|
"herramientas, configurar la compilación cruzada, etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After installing Rust, you should configure your editor or IDE to work with "
|
|
"Rust. Most editors do this by talking to [rust-analyzer](https://rust-"
|
|
"analyzer.github.io/), which provides auto-completion and jump-to-definition "
|
|
"functionality for [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/), [Emacs](https://"
|
|
"rust-analyzer.github.io/manual.html#emacs), [Vim/Neovim](https://rust-"
|
|
"analyzer.github.io/manual.html#vimneovim), and many others. There is also a "
|
|
"different IDE available called [RustRover](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"On Debian/Ubuntu, you can also install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust "
|
|
"formatter](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) via `apt`. However, this "
|
|
"gets you an outdated rust version and may lead to unexpected behavior. The "
|
|
"command would be:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En Debian o Ubuntu, también puedes instalar Cargo, el código fuente de Rust "
|
|
"y [el formateador de Rust](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) a través de "
|
|
"`apt`. Sin embargo, solo podrás conseguir una versión de Rust obsoleta que "
|
|
"podría dar lugar a comportamientos inesperados. El comando es el siguiente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1
|
|
msgid "The Rust Ecosystem"
|
|
msgstr "El ecosistema de Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El ecosistema de Rust se compone de varias herramientas, entre las que se "
|
|
"incluyen las siguientes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other "
|
|
"intermediate formats."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`rustc`: el compilador de Rust que convierte archivos `.rs` en binarios y "
|
|
"otros formatos intermedios."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to "
|
|
"download dependencies, usually hosted on <https://crates.io>, and it will "
|
|
"pass them to `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a "
|
|
"built-in test runner which is used to execute unit tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`cargo`: herramienta de compilación y gestión de dependencias de Rust. Cargo "
|
|
"sabe cómo descargar dependencias, que normalmente se alojan en <https://"
|
|
"crates.io>, y las transfiere a `rustc` al crear el proyecto. Cargo también "
|
|
"incorpora un ejecutor de pruebas que se utiliza para realizar pruebas "
|
|
"unitarias."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to "
|
|
"install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust are "
|
|
"released. In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the "
|
|
"standard library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once "
|
|
"and `rustup` will let you switch between them as needed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`rustup`: el instalador y actualizador de cadenas de herramientas de Rust. "
|
|
"Esta herramienta se utiliza para instalar y actualizar `rustc` y `cargo` "
|
|
"cuando se lanzan nuevas versiones de Rust. Además, `rustup` también puede "
|
|
"descargar documentación de la biblioteca estándar. Puedes tener varias "
|
|
"versiones de Rust instaladas a la vez y `rustup` te permitirá cambiar de una "
|
|
"a otra según lo necesites."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world/hello-world.md:26
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:39 src/references/exclusive.md:20
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:69 src/memory-management/move.md:153
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md:53 src/android/setup.md:18
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:30 src/async/async-await.md:25
|
|
msgid "Key points:"
|
|
msgstr "Puntos clave:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out every six "
|
|
"weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with old releases --- "
|
|
"plus they enable new functionality."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust cuenta con un programa de lanzamiento rápido en el que se publica una "
|
|
"nueva versión cada seis semanas. Las nuevas versiones mantienen la "
|
|
"retrocompatibilidad con las versiones anteriores, además de habilitar nuevas "
|
|
"funciones."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"."
|
|
msgstr "Hay tres canales de lanzamiento: \"stable\", \"beta\" y \"nightly\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes "
|
|
"\"stable\" every six weeks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las funciones nuevas se prueban en \"nightly\", y \"beta\" es lo que se "
|
|
"convierte en \"estable\" cada seis semanas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Dependencies can also be resolved from alternative [registries](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html), git, folders, and more."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las dependencias también pueden resolverse desde \\[registros\\] "
|
|
"alternativos, git, carpetas, etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust also has [editions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): the "
|
|
"current edition is Rust 2021. Previous editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust también tiene varias \\[ediciones\\]: la más actual es Rust 2021. Las "
|
|
"ediciones anteriores son Rust 2015 y Rust 2018."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to the "
|
|
"language."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las ediciones pueden introducir cambios de incompatibilidad con versiones "
|
|
"anteriores en el lenguaje."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the edition for "
|
|
"your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para evitar que se rompa el código, las ediciones son opcionales: selecciona "
|
|
"la edición para tu crate a través del archivo `Cargo.toml`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code written for "
|
|
"different editions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para evitar la división del ecosistema, los compiladores de Rust pueden "
|
|
"mezclar el código escrito para distintas ediciones."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through "
|
|
"`cargo` (most users never do)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Hay que mencionar que es bastante raro utilizar el compilador directamente y "
|
|
"no a través de `cargo` (la mayoría de los usuarios nunca lo hacen)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:50
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and "
|
|
"comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but "
|
|
"not limited to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vale la pena mencionar que Cargo en sí es una herramienta extremadamente "
|
|
"poderosa e integral. Es capaz de hacer muchas cosas avanzadas y no "
|
|
"limitadas a: "
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:53
|
|
msgid "Project/package structure"
|
|
msgstr "Estructura del proyecto/package "
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:54
|
|
msgid "[workspaces](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[workspaces](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html) "
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:55
|
|
msgid "Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching"
|
|
msgstr "Manejo/Caché de Dependencias de Desarrollo y de Runtime "
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[build scripting](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts."
|
|
"html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consulta el libro [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-"
|
|
"layout.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[global installation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install."
|
|
"html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:58
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo "
|
|
"clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))."
|
|
msgstr "Consulta más información en el \\[libro oficial de Cargo\\]."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:60
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Read more from the [official Cargo Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1
|
|
msgid "Code Samples in This Training"
|
|
msgstr "Código de ejemplo en esta formación"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through examples "
|
|
"which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier "
|
|
"and ensures a consistent experience for everyone."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En esta formación, aprenderemos el lenguaje Rust principalmente con ejemplos "
|
|
"que podrás ejecutar con tu navegador. De este modo, la configuración es "
|
|
"mucho más sencilla y se asegura una experiencia homogénea para todos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do "
|
|
"the exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you "
|
|
"how to work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se recomienda instalar Cargo, ya que facilitará la realización de los "
|
|
"ejercicios. El último día realizaremos un ejercicio más largo en el que se "
|
|
"mostrará cómo trabajar con dependencias, y para eso se necesita Cargo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11
|
|
msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:"
|
|
msgstr "Los bloques de código de este curso son totalmente interactivos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:15 src/cargo/running-locally.md:46
|
|
msgid "\"Edit me!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
|
|
msgid "You can use "
|
|
msgstr "Puedes usar "
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
|
|
msgid " to execute the code when focus is in the text box."
|
|
msgstr " para ejecutar el código cuando el cursor esté en el cuadro de texto."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples are not "
|
|
"editable for various reasons:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La mayoría de los códigos de ejemplo se pueden editar, como se muestra "
|
|
"arriba, pero hay algunos que no se pueden editar por varios motivos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the code and "
|
|
"open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los playgrounds insertados no pueden ejecutar pruebas unitarias. Copia y "
|
|
"pega el código y ábrelo en la página del playground para mostrar pruebas "
|
|
"unitarias."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate away from "
|
|
"the page! This is the reason that the students should solve the exercises "
|
|
"using a local Rust installation or via the Playground."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los playgrounds insertados pierden su estado en cuanto sales e de la página. "
|
|
"Por este motivo, los alumnos deben resolver los ejercicios con una versión "
|
|
"local de Rust o a través del playground."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1
|
|
msgid "Running Code Locally with Cargo"
|
|
msgstr "Ejecutar código de forma local con Cargo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will "
|
|
"need to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the "
|
|
"Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). This "
|
|
"should give you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time of writing, the "
|
|
"latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si quieres experimentar con el código en tu propio sistema, primero tendrás "
|
|
"que instalar Rust. Para ello, sigue las \\[instrucciones que aparecen en el "
|
|
"libro de Rust\\]\\[1\\]. De este modo, obtendrás un `rustc` y un `cargo` que "
|
|
"funcionen. En el momento en que se redactó este documento, los números de "
|
|
"las últimas versiones estables de Rust eran los siguientes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use any later version too since Rust maintains backwards "
|
|
"compatibility."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one of "
|
|
"the examples in this training:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Una vez hecho lo anterior, sigue estos pasos para compilar un binario de "
|
|
"Rust a partir de uno de los ejemplos de la formación:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:21
|
|
msgid "Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Haz clic en el botón \"Copiar en el portapapeles\" del ejemplo que quieras "
|
|
"copiar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Usa `cargo new exercise` para crear un directorio `exercise/` para tu código:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ve a `exercise/` y usa `cargo run` para compilar y ejecutar tu binario:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For "
|
|
"example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sustituye el código de plantilla en `src/main.rs` con tu propio código. Por "
|
|
"ejemplo, si usamos el ejemplo de la página anterior, podemos hacer que `src/"
|
|
"main.rs` tenga el siguiente aspecto:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:50
|
|
msgid "Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:"
|
|
msgstr "Usa `cargo run` para hacer build y ejecutar tu binario actualizado:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:60
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo "
|
|
"build` to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/"
|
|
"debug/` for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an "
|
|
"optimized release build in `target/release/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Comprueba que no haya errores en el proyecto con `cargo check`. Compílalo "
|
|
"sin ejecutarlo con `cargo build`. Encontrarás la salida en `target/debug/` "
|
|
"para una versión de depuración normal. Usa `cargo build --release` para "
|
|
"generar una compilación de lanzamiento optimizada en `target/release/`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:65
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you "
|
|
"run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing "
|
|
"dependencies for you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Edita `Cargo.toml` para añadir dependencias a tu proyecto. Cuando ejecutes "
|
|
"comandos `cargo`, se descargarán y compilarán automáticamente las "
|
|
"dependencias que falten."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:73
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a local "
|
|
"editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a normal "
|
|
"development environment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Anima a los participantes de la clase a instalar Cargo y utilizar un editor "
|
|
"local. Les facilitará mucho las cosas, ya que dispondrán de un entorno de "
|
|
"desarrollo normal."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:1
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 1"
|
|
msgstr "Te damos la bienvenida al Día 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the first day of Rust Fundamentals. We will cover a lot of ground "
|
|
"today:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este es el primer día de Comprehensive Rust. Hoy trataremos muchos temas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs, "
|
|
"references, functions, and methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sintaxis básica Rust: variables, scalar y tipos compuestos, enums, structs, "
|
|
"references, funciones, y métodos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Types and type inference."
|
|
msgstr "Inferencia de tipos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:8
|
|
msgid "Control flow constructs: loops, conditionals, and so on."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:9
|
|
msgid "User-defined types: structs and enums."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:10
|
|
msgid "Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Emparejamiento de Patrones: desestructuración de enums, structs y arrays."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:12 src/welcome-day-2.md:12 src/welcome-day-3.md:9
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:11
|
|
msgid "Schedule"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:14 src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md:3
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:14 src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md:3
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:11 src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md:3
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:13 src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "In this session:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:15
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-1.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:16
|
|
msgid "[Hello, World](./hello-world.md) (20 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:17
|
|
msgid "[Types and Values](./types-and-values.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:18
|
|
msgid "[Control Flow Basics](./control-flow-basics.md) (1 hour)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:20 src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid "Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 3 hours"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:26
|
|
msgid "Please remind the students that:"
|
|
msgstr "Recuerda a los alumnos lo siguiente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Deben hacer las preguntas cuando surgen, no las guarden hasta el final."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much "
|
|
"encouraged!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El curso está pensado para ser muy interactivo, por lo que te recomendamos "
|
|
"que dejes que las preguntas guíen el aprendizaje de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:30
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i.e., "
|
|
"keep the discussions related to how Rust does things vs some other language. "
|
|
"It can be hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of allowing "
|
|
"discussions since they engage people much more than one-way communication."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Como instructor, debes intentar llevar discusiones relevantes, por ejemplo, "
|
|
"mantener relación de cómo Rust hace las cosas vs otros lenguajes. Puede "
|
|
"costar encontrar un balance adecuado, pero permite llevar un debate que "
|
|
"atraiga la atención de la gente por sobre un discurso unidireccional."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the slides."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las preguntas deberían ser sobre cosas acerca del contenido de los slides."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. "
|
|
"Remember that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as "
|
|
"you like."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esto está perfecto! Repetir es una parte importante del aprendizaje. "
|
|
"Recuerda que los slides son solo un soporte y tienes libertad de saltearlos "
|
|
"cuando quieras."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The idea for the first day is to show the \"basic\" things in Rust that "
|
|
"should have immediate parallels in other languages. The more advanced parts "
|
|
"of Rust come on the subsequent days."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the "
|
|
"schedule. Note that there is an exercise at the end of each segment, "
|
|
"followed by a break. Plan to cover the exercise solution after the break. "
|
|
"The times listed here are a suggestion in order to keep the course on "
|
|
"schedule. Feel free to be flexible and adjust as necessary!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:3 src/types-and-values.md:3 src/control-flow-basics.md:3
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md:3 src/references.md:3 src/user-defined-types.md:3
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:3 src/methods-and-traits.md:3 src/generics.md:3
|
|
#: src/std-types.md:3 src/std-traits.md:3 src/memory-management.md:3
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md:3 src/borrowing.md:3 src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:3
|
|
#: src/iterators.md:3 src/modules.md:3 src/testing.md:3 src/error-handling.md:3
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:3
|
|
msgid "In this segment:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:4
|
|
msgid "[What is Rust?](./hello-world/what-is-rust.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Hello, World](./hello-world/hello-world.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Benefits of Rust](./hello-world/benefits.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:7
|
|
msgid "[Playground](./hello-world/playground.md) (2 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:9
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 20 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015]"
|
|
"(https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust es un nuevo lenguaje de programación que lanzó su versión [1.0 en el "
|
|
"2015](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:5
|
|
msgid "Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++"
|
|
msgstr "Rust es un lenguaje compilado estático similar a C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:6
|
|
msgid "`rustc` uses LLVM as its backend."
|
|
msgstr "`rustc` usa LLVM como backend."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust supports many [platforms and architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust es compatible con muchas [plataformas y arquitecturas](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:9
|
|
msgid "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..."
|
|
msgstr "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:10
|
|
msgid "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..."
|
|
msgstr "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:11
|
|
msgid "Rust is used for a wide range of devices:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust se utiliza en una gran variedad de dispositivos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:12
|
|
msgid "firmware and boot loaders,"
|
|
msgstr "firmware y cargadores de inicio,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:13
|
|
msgid "smart displays,"
|
|
msgstr "pantallas inteligentes,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:14
|
|
msgid "mobile phones,"
|
|
msgstr "teléfonos móviles,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:15
|
|
msgid "desktops,"
|
|
msgstr "ordenadores,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:16
|
|
msgid "servers."
|
|
msgstr "servidores."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:21
|
|
msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust satisface las mismas necesidades que C++:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:23
|
|
msgid "High flexibility."
|
|
msgstr "Gran flexibilidad."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:24
|
|
msgid "High level of control."
|
|
msgstr "Nivel alto de control."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Can be scaled down to very constrained devices such as microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se puede reducir verticalmente a dispositivos muy limitados, como los "
|
|
"microcontroladores."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:26
|
|
msgid "Has no runtime or garbage collection."
|
|
msgstr "No tiene _runtime_ ni _garbage collection_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:27
|
|
msgid "Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se centra en la fiabilidad y la seguridad sin sacrificar el rendimiento."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World "
|
|
"program:"
|
|
msgstr "Vamos a hablar del programa Rust más simple, un clásico Hola Mundo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:8
|
|
msgid "\"Hello 🌍!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:12
|
|
msgid "What you see:"
|
|
msgstr "Lo que ves:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:14
|
|
msgid "Functions are introduced with `fn`."
|
|
msgstr "Las funciones se introducen con `fn`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:15
|
|
msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++."
|
|
msgstr "Los bloques se delimitan con llaves, como en C y C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:16
|
|
msgid "The `main` function is the entry point of the program."
|
|
msgstr "La función `main` es el punto de entrada del programa."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:17
|
|
msgid "Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this."
|
|
msgstr "Rust tiene macros higiénicas, como por ejemplo `println!`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:18
|
|
msgid "Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las cadenas de Rust están codificadas en UTF-8 y pueden contener caracteres "
|
|
"Unicode."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:23
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will "
|
|
"see a ton of it over the next four days so we start small with something "
|
|
"familiar."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Con esta diapositiva se intenta que los alumnos se sientan cómodos con el "
|
|
"código de Rust. En los próximos tres días lo verán mucho, así que "
|
|
"empezaremos con algo que ya conocemos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is "
|
|
"imperative and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless absolutely necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust es muy similar a otros lenguajes, como C, C++ o Java. Es imperativo y "
|
|
"no intenta reinventar las cosas a menos que sea absolutamente necesario."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:31
|
|
msgid "Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode."
|
|
msgstr "Rust es moderno y totalmente compatible con sistemas como Unicode."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of "
|
|
"arguments (no function [overloading](../control-flow-basics/functions.md))."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust utiliza macros en situaciones en las que se desea tener un número "
|
|
"variable de argumentos (sin [sobrecarga](basic-syntax/functions-interlude."
|
|
"md) de funciones)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers "
|
|
"from the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only [partially "
|
|
"hygienic](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Que las macros sean 'higiénicas' significa que no capturan "
|
|
"accidentalmenteidentificadores del ámbito en el que se utilizan. En "
|
|
"realidad, las macros de Rust solo son [parcialmente higiénicas](https://"
|
|
"veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is multi-paradigm. For example, it has powerful [object-oriented "
|
|
"programming features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop.html), and, "
|
|
"while it is not a functional language, it includes a range of [functional "
|
|
"concepts](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-features.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust es un lenguaje multiparadigma. Por ejemplo, cuenta con [funciones de "
|
|
"programación orientadas a objetos](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-"
|
|
"oop.html) y, aunque no es un lenguaje funcional, incluye una serie de "
|
|
"[conceptos funcionales](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-"
|
|
"features.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:3
|
|
msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Estas son algunas de las ventajas competitivas de Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Compile time memory safety_ - whole classes of memory bugs are prevented at "
|
|
"compile time"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:7
|
|
msgid "No uninitialized variables."
|
|
msgstr "No hay variables no inicializadas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:8
|
|
msgid "No double-frees."
|
|
msgstr "No hay errores double free."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:9
|
|
msgid "No use-after-free."
|
|
msgstr "No hay errores use-after-free."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:10
|
|
msgid "No `NULL` pointers."
|
|
msgstr "No hay punteros `NULL`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:11
|
|
msgid "No forgotten locked mutexes."
|
|
msgstr "No se olvidan las exclusiones mutuas bloqueadas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:12
|
|
msgid "No data races between threads."
|
|
msgstr "No hay condiciones de carrera de datos entre hilos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:13
|
|
msgid "No iterator invalidation."
|
|
msgstr "No se invalidan los iteradores."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_No undefined runtime behavior_ - what a Rust statement does is never left "
|
|
"unspecified"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:17
|
|
msgid "Array access is bounds checked."
|
|
msgstr "Se comprueban los límites de acceso a los arrays."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:18
|
|
msgid "Integer overflow is defined (panic or wrap-around)."
|
|
msgstr "Se define el desbordamiento de enteros (_panic_ o _wrap-around_)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Modern language features_ - as expressive and ergonomic as higher-level "
|
|
"languages"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:22
|
|
msgid "Enums and pattern matching."
|
|
msgstr "Enumeraciones (_Enums_) y coincidencia de patrones."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:23
|
|
msgid "Generics."
|
|
msgstr "Genéricos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:24
|
|
msgid "No overhead FFI."
|
|
msgstr "Sin _overhead_ de FFI."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:25
|
|
msgid "Zero-cost abstractions."
|
|
msgstr "Abstracciones sin coste."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:26
|
|
msgid "Great compiler errors."
|
|
msgstr "Excelentes errores de compilación."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:27
|
|
msgid "Built-in dependency manager."
|
|
msgstr "Gestor de dependencias integrado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:28
|
|
msgid "Built-in support for testing."
|
|
msgstr "Asistencia integrada para pruebas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:29
|
|
msgid "Excellent Language Server Protocol support."
|
|
msgstr "Compatibilidad excelente con el protocolo del servidor de lenguaje."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Do not spend much time here. All of these points will be covered in more "
|
|
"depth later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. "
|
|
"Depending on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Asegúrate de preguntar a la clase en qué lenguajes tienen experiencia. "
|
|
"Dependiendo de la respuesta puedes destacar diferentes características de "
|
|
"Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_ "
|
|
"via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't "
|
|
"have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with "
|
|
"constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Experiencia con C o C++: Rust elimina una clase completa de _errores de "
|
|
"runtime_ mediante el _borrow checker_. Obtienes un rendimiento similar al de "
|
|
"C y C++, pero no tienes problemas de seguridad en la memoria. Además, "
|
|
"obtienes un lenguaje moderno con elementos como la coincidencia de patrones "
|
|
"y la gestión de dependencias integrado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory "
|
|
"safety as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In "
|
|
"addition you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage "
|
|
"collector) as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Experiencia con Java, Go, Python, JavaScript, etc.: Consigues la misma "
|
|
"seguridad en la memoria que en éstos lenguajes, además de una sensación "
|
|
"similar a la de un lenguaje de alto nivel. También consigues un rendimiento "
|
|
"rápido y predecible como en C y C++ (sin recolector de memoria residual), "
|
|
"así como acceso a hardware de bajo nivel (si lo necesitas)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) provides an easy way to "
|
|
"run short Rust programs, and is the basis for the examples and exercises in "
|
|
"this course. Try running the \"hello-world\" program it starts with. It "
|
|
"comes with a few handy features:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Under \"Tools\", use the `rustfmt` option to format your code in the "
|
|
"\"standard\" way."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has two main \"profiles\" for generating code: Debug (extra runtime "
|
|
"checks, less optimization) and Release (fewer runtime checks, lots of "
|
|
"optimization). These are accessible under \"Debug\" at the top."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you're interested, use \"ASM\" under \"...\" to see the generated "
|
|
"assembly code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As students head into the break, encourage them to open up the playground "
|
|
"and experiment a little. Encourage them to keep the tab open and try things "
|
|
"out during the rest of the course. This is particularly helpful for advanced "
|
|
"students who want to know more about Rust's optimizations or generated "
|
|
"assembly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Variables](./types-and-values/variables.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Values](./types-and-values/values.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Arithmetic](./types-and-values/arithmetic.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md:7
|
|
msgid "[Strings](./types-and-values/strings.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md:8
|
|
msgid "[Type Inference](./types-and-values/inference.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md:9
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Fibonacci](./types-and-values/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md:11 src/testing.md:12 src/unsafe-rust.md:12
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 5 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are made with "
|
|
"`let`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust ofrece seguridad de tipos mediante tipado estático. De forma "
|
|
"predeterminada, los enlaces a variables son inmutables:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md:9 src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:30
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:34
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:17
|
|
msgid "\"x: {x}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// x = 20;\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Uncomment the `x = 20` to demonstrate that variables are immutable by "
|
|
"default. Add the `mut` keyword to allow changes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `i32` here is the type of the variable. This must be known at compile "
|
|
"time, but type inference (covered later) allows the programmer to omit it in "
|
|
"many cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here are some basic built-in types, and the syntax for literal values of "
|
|
"each type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:6
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:7 src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:16
|
|
msgid "Types"
|
|
msgstr "Tipos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:6
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:7
|
|
msgid "Literals"
|
|
msgstr "Literales"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:8
|
|
msgid "Signed integers"
|
|
msgstr "Enteros con signo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:8
|
|
msgid "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:8
|
|
msgid "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:9
|
|
msgid "Unsigned integers"
|
|
msgstr "Enteros sin signo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:9
|
|
msgid "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:9
|
|
msgid "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:10
|
|
msgid "Floating point numbers"
|
|
msgstr "Números de coma flotante"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:10
|
|
msgid "`f32`, `f64`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:10
|
|
msgid "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:11
|
|
msgid "Unicode scalar values"
|
|
msgstr "Valores escalares Unicode"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:11
|
|
msgid "`char`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:11
|
|
msgid "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:12
|
|
msgid "Booleans"
|
|
msgstr "Booleanos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:12
|
|
msgid "`bool`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:12
|
|
msgid "`true`, `false`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:14
|
|
msgid "The types have widths as follows:"
|
|
msgstr "Los tipos tienen la siguiente anchura:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:16
|
|
msgid "`iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide,"
|
|
msgstr "`iN`, `uN`, and `fN` son _N_ bits de capacidad,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:17
|
|
msgid "`isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer,"
|
|
msgstr "`isize` y `usize` tienen el ancho de un puntero,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:18
|
|
msgid "`char` is 32 bits wide,"
|
|
msgstr "`char` tiene un tamaño de 32 bits,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:19
|
|
msgid "`bool` is 8 bits wide."
|
|
msgstr "`bool` tiene 8 bits de ancho."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:24
|
|
msgid "There are a few syntaxes which are not shown above:"
|
|
msgstr "Hay algunas sintaxis que no se han mostrado anteriormente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All underscores in numbers can be left out, they are for legibility only. So "
|
|
"`1_000` can be written as `1000` (or `10_00`), and `123_i64` can be written "
|
|
"as `123i64`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Todos guiones bajos en los números pueden no utilizarse, ya que solo sirven "
|
|
"para facilitar la lectura. Por lo tanto, `1_000` se puede escribir como "
|
|
"`1000` (o `10_00`), y `123_i64` se puede escribir como `123i64`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md:9
|
|
msgid "\"result: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the first time we've seen a function other than `main`, but the "
|
|
"meaning should be clear: it takes three integers, and returns an integer. "
|
|
"Functions will be covered in more detail later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md:20
|
|
msgid "Arithmetic is very similar to other languages, with similar precedence."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What about integer overflow? In C and C++ overflow of _signed_ integers is "
|
|
"actually undefined, and might do different things on different platforms or "
|
|
"compilers. In Rust, it's defined."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Change the `i32`'s to `i16` to see an integer overflow, which panics "
|
|
"(checked) in a debug build and wraps in a release build. There are other "
|
|
"options, such as overflowing, saturating, and carrying. These are accessed "
|
|
"with method syntax, e.g., `(a * b).saturating_add(b * c).saturating_add(c * "
|
|
"a)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In fact, the compiler will detect overflow of constant expressions, which is "
|
|
"why the example requires a separate function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has two types to represent strings, both of which will be covered in "
|
|
"more depth later. Both _always_ store UTF-8 encoded strings."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`String` - a modifiable, owned string."
|
|
msgstr "`String` es un búfer de cadena mutable."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:7
|
|
msgid "`&str` - a read-only string. String literals have this type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:11
|
|
msgid "\"Greetings\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:12
|
|
msgid "\"🪐\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:15
|
|
msgid "\", \""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:17
|
|
msgid "\"final sentence: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:18 src/async/control-flow/join.md:30
|
|
msgid "\"{:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:19
|
|
msgid "//println!(\"{:?}\", &sentence[12..13]);\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide introduces strings. Everything here will be covered in more depth "
|
|
"later, but this is enough for subsequent slides and exercises to use strings."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:29
|
|
msgid "Invalid UTF-8 in a string is UB, and this not allowed in safe Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` is a user-defined type with a constructor (`::new()`) and methods "
|
|
"like `s.push_str(..)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `&` in `&str` indicates that this is a reference. We will cover "
|
|
"references later, so for now just think of `&str` as a unit meaning \"a read-"
|
|
"only string\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The commented-out line is indexing into the string by byte position. "
|
|
"`12..13` does not end on a character boundary, so the program panics. Adjust "
|
|
"it to a range that does, based on the error message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: "
|
|
"`r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal "
|
|
"amount of `#` on either side of the quotes:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las cadenas sin formato te permiten crear un valor `&str` con los escapes "
|
|
"inhabilitados: `r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. Puedes insertar comillas dobles con "
|
|
"la misma cantidad de `#` a cada lado de ellas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust consultará cómo se _usa_ la variable para determinar el tipo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on "
|
|
"constraints given by variable declarations and usages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esta diapositiva muestra cómo el compilador de Rust infiere tipos basándose "
|
|
"en restricciones proporcionadas por declaraciones y usos de variables."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not "
|
|
"of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can hold any data. The machine "
|
|
"code generated by such declaration is identical to the explicit declaration "
|
|
"of a type. The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise "
|
|
"code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es muy importante subrayar que las variables que se declaran así no son de "
|
|
"un \"tipo cualquiera\" dinámico que pueda contener cualquier dato. El código "
|
|
"máquina generado por tal declaración es idéntico a la declaración explícita "
|
|
"de un tipo. El compilador hace el trabajo por nosotros y nos ayuda a "
|
|
"escribir código más conciso."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When nothing constrains the type of an integer literal, Rust defaults to "
|
|
"`i32`. This sometimes appears as `{integer}` in error messages. Similarly, "
|
|
"floating-point literals default to `f64`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md:46
|
|
msgid "// ERROR: no implementation for `{float} == {integer}`\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The first and second Fibonacci numbers are both `1`. For n>2, the n'th "
|
|
"Fibonacci number is calculated recursively as the sum of the n-1'th and "
|
|
"n-2'th Fibonacci numbers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Write a function `fib(n)` that calculates the n'th Fibonacci number. When "
|
|
"will this function panic?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md:13
|
|
msgid "// The base case.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md:14 src/types-and-values/exercise.md:17
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:27
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Implement this\""
|
|
msgstr "Implementación"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md:16
|
|
msgid "// The recursive case.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md:23 src/types-and-values/solution.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"fib(n) = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Conditionals](./control-flow-basics/conditionals.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Loops](./control-flow-basics/loops.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[break and continue](./control-flow-basics/break-continue.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Blocks and Scopes](./control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:8
|
|
msgid "[Functions](./control-flow-basics/functions.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:9
|
|
msgid "[Macros](./control-flow-basics/macros.md) (2 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Collatz Sequence](./control-flow-basics/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:12 src/tuples-and-arrays.md:10 src/borrowing.md:9
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:3
|
|
msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Gran parte de la sintaxis de Rust te resultará familiar de C, C++ o Java:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces."
|
|
msgstr "Los bloques y ámbitos están delimitados por llaves."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/* ... "
|
|
"*/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los comentarios de línea empiezan por `//`, mientras que los comentarios de "
|
|
"bloque están delimitados por `/* ... */`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:8
|
|
msgid "Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same."
|
|
msgstr "Palabras clave como `if` y `while` funcionan igual."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:9
|
|
msgid "Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La asignación de variables se realiza con `=` y la comparación con `==`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:11
|
|
msgid "`if` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "Expresiones `if`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You use [`if` expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/"
|
|
"if-expr.html#if-expressions) exactly like `if` statements in other languages:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puedes usar [expresiones `if`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/"
|
|
"expressions/if-expr.html#if-expressions) de la misma forma que en otros "
|
|
"lenguajes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:21
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:36
|
|
msgid "\"small\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:23
|
|
msgid "\"biggish\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:25
|
|
msgid "\"huge\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each "
|
|
"block becomes the value of the `if` expression:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Además, puedes utilizar `if` como expresión. La última expresión de cada "
|
|
"bloque se convierte en el valor de la expresión `if`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:36
|
|
msgid "\"large\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:37
|
|
msgid "\"number size: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:44
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its "
|
|
"branch blocks must have the same type. Show what happens if you add `;` "
|
|
"after `\"small\"` in the second example."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dado que `if` es una expresión y debe tener un tipo concreto, ambos bloques "
|
|
"de ramas deben tener el mismo tipo. En el segundo ejemplo, puedes mostrar lo "
|
|
"que sucede al añadir `;` después de `x / 2`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When `if` is used in an expression, the expression must have a `;` to "
|
|
"separate it from the next statement. Remove the `;` before `println!` to see "
|
|
"the compiler error."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:3
|
|
msgid "There are three looping keywords in Rust: `while`, `loop`, and `for`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`while`"
|
|
msgstr "Bucles `while`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-"
|
|
"expr.html#predicate-loops) works much like in other languages, executing the "
|
|
"loop body as long as the condition is true."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La [palabra clave `while`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/"
|
|
"loop-expr.html#predicate-loops) es muy similar a otros lenguajes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"Final x: {x}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`for`"
|
|
msgstr "Bucles `for`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:24
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) iterates "
|
|
"over ranges of values:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) se usa para "
|
|
"definir destructores."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:35
|
|
msgid "`loop`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`loop` statement](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.loop.html) just "
|
|
"loops forever, until a `break`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) se usa para "
|
|
"definir destructores."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:45
|
|
msgid "\"{i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will discuss iteration later; for now, just stick to range expressions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that the `for` loop only iterates to `4`. Show the `1..=5` syntax for "
|
|
"an inclusive range."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to exit any kind of loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions). For "
|
|
"`loop`, this can take an optional expression that becomes the value of the "
|
|
"`loop` expression."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si quieres salir de un bucle antes, usa [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to immediately start the next iteration use [`continue`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si quieres iniciar inmediatamente la siguiente iteración, usa [`continue`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-"
|
|
"expressions)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:24
|
|
msgid "\"{result}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is "
|
|
"used to break out of nested loops:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De forma opcional, tanto `continue` como `break` pueden utilizar un "
|
|
"argumento de etiqueta para interrumpir los bucles anidados:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:37
|
|
msgid "\"x: {x}, i: {i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En este caso, detenemos el bucle exterior tras tres iteraciones del bucle "
|
|
"interno."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which returns a non-trivial "
|
|
"value. This is because it's guaranteed to be entered at least once (unlike "
|
|
"`while` and `for` loops)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ten en cuenta que `loop` es la única construcción de bucle que devuelve un "
|
|
"valor no trivial. Esto se debe a que es inevitable que se introduzca al "
|
|
"menos una vez (a diferencia de los bucles `while` y `for`)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:3
|
|
msgid "Blocks"
|
|
msgstr "Bloques"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A block in Rust contains a sequence of expressions, enclosed by braces `{}`. "
|
|
"Each block has a value and a type, which are those of the last expression of "
|
|
"the block:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En Rust, un bloque contiene una secuencia de expresiones. Cada bloque tiene "
|
|
"un tipo y un valor, que son los de la última expresión del bloque:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"y: {y}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is "
|
|
"`()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si la última expresión termina con `;`, el tipo y el valor resultante será "
|
|
"`()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:23
|
|
msgid "Scopes and Shadowing"
|
|
msgstr "Ámbitos y _Shadowing_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:25
|
|
msgid "A variable's scope is limited to the enclosing block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from "
|
|
"the same scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puedes sombrear variables, tanto las de ámbitos externos como las del propio "
|
|
"ámbito:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:33
|
|
msgid "\"before: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:35
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:7 src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:19
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:225
|
|
msgid "\"hello\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:36
|
|
msgid "\"inner scope: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:39
|
|
msgid "\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:42
|
|
msgid "\"after: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in "
|
|
"the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puedes mostrar cómo cambia el valor del bloque cambiando su última línea. "
|
|
"Por ejemplo, añade o quita un punto y coma, o utiliza la expresión `return`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show that a variable's scope is limited by adding a `b` in the inner block "
|
|
"in the last example, and then trying to access it outside that block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:53
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing both "
|
|
"variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available under "
|
|
"the same name, depending where you use it in the code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Definición: _Shadowing_ (sombreado) es distinto de la mutación, ya que, "
|
|
"después de sombrear la memoria de las dos variables, las ubicaciones existen "
|
|
"al mismo tiempo. Ambas están disponibles bajo el mismo nombre, en función de "
|
|
"dónde se utiliza en el código. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:56
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A shadowing variable can have a different type."
|
|
msgstr "Una variable sombreada puede tener un tipo diferente. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values "
|
|
"after `.unwrap()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Al principio, el sombreado no es fácil, pero resulta útil para conservar "
|
|
"valores después de `.unwrap()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some "
|
|
"programming languages), then a return type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los parámetros de declaración van seguidos de un tipo (al contrario que en "
|
|
"algunos lenguajes de programación) y, a continuación, de un tipo de "
|
|
"resultado devuelto."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md:24
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return "
|
|
"value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression. The `return` "
|
|
"keyword can be used for early return, but the \"bare value\" form is "
|
|
"idiomatic at the end of a function (refactor `gcd` to use a `return`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La última expresión del cuerpo de una función (o de cualquier bloque) se "
|
|
"convierte en el valor devuelto. Basta con omitir el carácter `;` al final de "
|
|
"la expresión."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The "
|
|
"compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Algunas funciones no devuelven ningún valor, devuelven el \"tipo unitario\", "
|
|
"`()`. El compilador deducirá esto si se omite el tipo de retorno `-> ()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md:30
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Overloading is not supported -- each function has a single implementation."
|
|
msgstr "Cada función tiene una única implementación:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Always takes a fixed number of parameters. Default arguments are not "
|
|
"supported. Macros can be used to support variadic functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Always takes a single set of parameter types. These types can be generic, "
|
|
"which will be covered later."
|
|
msgstr "Siempre se utiliza un único conjunto de tipos de parámetros."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Macros are expanded into Rust code during compilation, and can take a "
|
|
"variable number of arguments. They are distinguished by a `!` at the end. "
|
|
"The Rust standard library includes an assortment of useful macros."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`println!(format, ..)` prints a line to standard output, applying formatting "
|
|
"described in [`std::fmt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La sobrecarga de operadores se implementa mediante _traits_ en [`std::ops`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`format!(format, ..)` works just like `println!` but returns the result as a "
|
|
"string."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:11
|
|
msgid "`dbg!(expression)` logs the value of the expression and returns it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`todo!()` marks a bit of code as not-yet-implemented. If executed, it will "
|
|
"panic."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`unreachable!()` marks a bit of code as unreachable. If executed, it will "
|
|
"panic."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:32
|
|
msgid "\"{n}! = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The takeaway from this section is that these common conveniences exist, and "
|
|
"how to use them. Why they are defined as macros, and what they expand to, is "
|
|
"not especially critical."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course does not cover defining macros, but a later section will describe "
|
|
"use of derive macros."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Collatz Sequence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture) is "
|
|
"defined as follows, for an arbitrary n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:4 src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "1"
|
|
msgstr "12"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:4
|
|
msgid " greater than zero:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:6 src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:7
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:8
|
|
msgid "If _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:6 src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:7
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:8
|
|
msgid "i"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:6
|
|
msgid "_ is 1, then the sequence terminates at _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:6
|
|
msgid "_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:7
|
|
msgid "_ is even, then _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:7 src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:8
|
|
msgid "i+1"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:7
|
|
msgid " = n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:7
|
|
msgid " / 2_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:8
|
|
msgid "_ is odd, then _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:8
|
|
msgid " = 3 * n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:8
|
|
msgid " + 1_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:10
|
|
msgid "For example, beginning with _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:10
|
|
msgid "_ = 3:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:12
|
|
msgid "3 is odd, so _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "2"
|
|
msgstr "12"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:12
|
|
msgid "_ = 3 * 3 + 1 = 10;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:13
|
|
msgid "10 is even, so _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:13 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22
|
|
msgid "3"
|
|
msgstr "3"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:13
|
|
msgid "_ = 10 / 2 = 5;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:14
|
|
msgid "5 is odd, so _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:14 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10
|
|
msgid "4"
|
|
msgstr "4"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:14
|
|
msgid "_ = 3 * 5 + 1 = 16;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:15
|
|
msgid "16 is even, so _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:15
|
|
msgid "5"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:15
|
|
msgid "_ = 16 / 2 = 8;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:16
|
|
msgid "8 is even, so _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:16 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17
|
|
msgid "6"
|
|
msgstr "6"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:16
|
|
msgid "_ = 8 / 2 = 4;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:17
|
|
msgid "4 is even, so _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:17
|
|
msgid "7"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:17
|
|
msgid "_ = 4 / 2 = 2;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:18
|
|
msgid "2 is even, so _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:18 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15
|
|
msgid "8"
|
|
msgstr "8"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:18
|
|
msgid "_ = 1; and"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:19
|
|
msgid "the sequence terminates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Write a function to calculate the length of the collatz sequence for a given "
|
|
"initial `n`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:25 src/control-flow-basics/solution.md:4
|
|
msgid "/// Determine the length of the collatz sequence beginning at `n`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/solution.md:20 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:11
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:30
|
|
msgid "\"Length: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md:1 src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md:1
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md:1 src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome Back"
|
|
msgstr "Te damos la bienvenida"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Tuples and Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays.md) (1 hour)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "[References](./references.md) (50 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md:6
|
|
msgid "[User-Defined Types](./user-defined-types.md) (50 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 55 "
|
|
"minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md:4
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Tuples and Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Array Iteration](./tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Pattern Matching](./tuples-and-arrays/match.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md:7
|
|
msgid "[Destructuring](./tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md:8
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Nested Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Tuples and arrays are the first \"compound\" types we have seen. All "
|
|
"elements of an array have the same type, while tuples can accommodate "
|
|
"different types. Both types have a size fixed at compile time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:9
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:27
|
|
msgid "Arrays"
|
|
msgstr "Arrays"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:9
|
|
msgid "`[T; N]`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:9
|
|
msgid "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:10
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:9
|
|
msgid "Tuples"
|
|
msgstr "Tuplas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:10
|
|
msgid "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:10
|
|
msgid "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:12
|
|
msgid "Array assignment and access:"
|
|
msgstr "Asignación y acceso a arrays:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:24
|
|
msgid "Tuple assignment and access:"
|
|
msgstr "Asignación y acceso a tuplas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:41
|
|
msgid "Arrays:"
|
|
msgstr "Arrays:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:43
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A value of the array type `[T; N]` holds `N` (a compile-time constant) "
|
|
"elements of the same type `T`. Note that the length of the array is _part of "
|
|
"its type_, which means that `[u8; 3]` and `[u8; 4]` are considered two "
|
|
"different types. Slices, which have a size determined at runtime, are "
|
|
"covered later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un valor del tipo array `[T; N]` contiene `N` (una constante en tiempo de "
|
|
"compilación) elementos del mismo tipo `T`. Ten en cuenta que la longitud del "
|
|
"array es *parte de su tipo*, lo que significa que `[u8; 3]` y `[u8; 4]` se "
|
|
"consideran dos tipos diferentes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try accessing an out-of-bounds array element. Array accesses are checked at "
|
|
"runtime. Rust can usually optimize these checks away, and they can be "
|
|
"avoided using unsafe Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:53
|
|
msgid "We can use literals to assign values to arrays."
|
|
msgstr "Podemos usar literales para asignar valores a arrays."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:55
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `println!` macro asks for the debug implementation with the `?` format "
|
|
"parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug output. "
|
|
"Types such as integers and strings implement the default output, but arrays "
|
|
"only implement the debug output. This means that we must use debug output "
|
|
"here."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En la función _main_, la instrucción de impresión solicita la implementación "
|
|
"de depuración con el parámetro de formato `?`: `{}` ofrece la salida "
|
|
"predeterminada y `{:?}` ofrece la salida de depuración. También se podría "
|
|
"haber usado `{a}` y `{a:?}` sin especificar el valor después de la cadena de "
|
|
"formato."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:60
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be "
|
|
"easier to read."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si se añade `#`, por ejemplo `{a:#?}`, se da formato al texto para facilitar "
|
|
"la lectura."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:63
|
|
msgid "Tuples:"
|
|
msgstr "Tuplas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:65
|
|
msgid "Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length."
|
|
msgstr "Al igual que los arrays, las tuplas tienen una longitud fija."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:67
|
|
msgid "Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type."
|
|
msgstr "Las tuplas agrupan valores de diferentes tipos en un tipo compuesto."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:69
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, "
|
|
"e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se puede acceder a los campos de una tupla por el punto y el índice del "
|
|
"valor, por ejemplo, `t.0`, `t.1`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:72
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, "
|
|
"and the only valid value of that type --- that is to say both the type and "
|
|
"its value are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a "
|
|
"function or expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La tupla vacía `()` también se conoce como \"tipo unitario\". Es a la vez un "
|
|
"tipo y el único valor válido de ese tipo, es decir, tanto el tipo como su "
|
|
"valor se expresan como `()`. Se usa para indicar, por ejemplo, que una "
|
|
"función o expresión no tiene valor de retorno, como veremos en una "
|
|
"diapositiva posterior."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:76
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other "
|
|
"programming languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Podríamos pensar en ello como `void`, que quizá resulte familiar de otros "
|
|
"lenguajes de programación."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md:3
|
|
msgid "The `for` statement supports iterating over arrays (but not tuples)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This functionality uses the `IntoIterator` trait, but we haven't covered "
|
|
"that yet."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `assert_ne!` macro is new here. There are also `assert_eq!` and `assert!"
|
|
"` macros. These are always checked while, debug-only variants like "
|
|
"`debug_assert!` compile to nothing in release builds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `match` keyword lets you match a value against one or more _patterns_. "
|
|
"The comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La palabra clave `match` te permite comparar un valor con uno o varios "
|
|
"_patrones_. Las comparaciones se hacen de arriba abajo y el primero que "
|
|
"coincida gana."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:6
|
|
msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los patrones pueden ser valores simples, del mismo modo que `switch` en C y "
|
|
"C++:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:11
|
|
msgid "'x'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:13
|
|
msgid "'q'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:13
|
|
msgid "\"Quitting\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:14 src/std-traits/solution.md:16
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:62 src/error-handling/exercise.md:64
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:62 src/error-handling/solution.md:64
|
|
msgid "'a'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:14
|
|
msgid "'s'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:14
|
|
msgid "'w'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:14
|
|
msgid "'d'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"Moving around\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:15 src/error-handling/exercise.md:54
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:56 src/error-handling/exercise.md:64
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:54 src/error-handling/solution.md:56
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:64
|
|
msgid "'0'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:15 src/error-handling/exercise.md:54
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:56 src/error-handling/exercise.md:64
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:54 src/error-handling/solution.md:56
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:64
|
|
msgid "'9'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:15
|
|
msgid "\"Number input\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:16
|
|
msgid "\"Lowercase: {key}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:17
|
|
msgid "\"Something else\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value. The "
|
|
"expressions _must_ be irrefutable, meaning that it covers every possibility, "
|
|
"so `_` is often used as the final catch-all case."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:26
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Match can be used as an expression. Just like `if`, each match arm must have "
|
|
"the same type. The type is the last expression of the block, if any. In the "
|
|
"example above, the type is `()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Al igual que con `if let`, cada brazo de coincidencia debe ser del mismo "
|
|
"tipo. El tipo es la última expresión del bloque, si la hay. En el ejemplo "
|
|
"anterior, el tipo es `()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A variable in the pattern (`key` in this example) will create a binding that "
|
|
"can be used within the match arm."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:33
|
|
msgid "A match guard causes the arm to match only if the condition is true."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:38 src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:35
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:29 src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:69
|
|
msgid "Key Points:"
|
|
msgstr "Puntos Clave:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a "
|
|
"pattern"
|
|
msgstr "Puedes señalar cómo se usan algunos caracteres concretos en un patrón"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:42
|
|
msgid "`|` as an `or`"
|
|
msgstr "`|` como `or`,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:43
|
|
msgid "`..` can expand as much as it needs to be"
|
|
msgstr "`..` se puede ampliar tanto como sea necesario."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:44
|
|
msgid "`1..=5` represents an inclusive range"
|
|
msgstr "`1..=5` representa un rango inclusivo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:45
|
|
msgid "`_` is a wild card"
|
|
msgstr "`_` es un comodín."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when "
|
|
"we wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone would "
|
|
"allow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las guardas de coincidencia, como característica sintáctica independiente, "
|
|
"son importantes y necesarios cuando queremos expresar de forma concisa ideas "
|
|
"más complejas de lo que permitirían los patrones por sí solos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. "
|
|
"An `if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the "
|
|
"match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't "
|
|
"result in other arms of the original `match` expression being considered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"No son lo mismo que una expresión `if` independiente dentro del brazo de "
|
|
"coincidencias. Una expresión `if` dentro del bloque de ramas (después de "
|
|
"`=>`) se produce tras seleccionar el brazo de coincidencias. Si no se cumple "
|
|
"la condición `if` dentro de ese bloque, no se tienen en cuenta otros brazos "
|
|
"de la expresión `match` original."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:53
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern "
|
|
"with an `|`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La condición definida en el guarda se aplica a todas las expresiones de un "
|
|
"patrón con un `|`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Destructuring is a way of extracting data from a data structure by writing a "
|
|
"pattern that is matched up to the data structure, binding variables to "
|
|
"subcomponents of the data structure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can destructure tuples and arrays by matching on their elements:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puedes desestructurar arrays, tuplas y slices haciendo coincidir sus "
|
|
"elementos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"on Y axis\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"on X axis\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:20
|
|
msgid "\"left of Y axis\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:21
|
|
msgid "\"below X axis\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:22
|
|
msgid "\"first quadrant\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:33
|
|
msgid "\"Tell me about {triple:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:35
|
|
msgid "\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:36
|
|
msgid "\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:37
|
|
msgid "\"All elements were ignored\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:45
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Create a new array pattern using `_` to represent an element."
|
|
msgstr "Crea un patrón con `_` para representar un elemento. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:46
|
|
msgid "Add more values to the array."
|
|
msgstr "Añade más valores al array."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of "
|
|
"elements."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Señala cómo `..` se expandirá para representar un número distinto de "
|
|
"elementos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:49
|
|
msgid "Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Muestra las coincidencias de tail con los patrones `[.., b]` y `[a@..,b]`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid "Arrays can contain other arrays:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "What is the type of this variable?"
|
|
msgstr "¿Cuál es el tipo de `word` en cada bucle?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use an array such as the above to write a function `transpose` which will "
|
|
"transpose a matrix (turn rows into columns):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Usa el método anterior para escribir una función `pretty_print` que sirva "
|
|
"para dar formato al texto de la matriz y una función `transpose` que "
|
|
"transponga una matriz (convertir filas en columnas):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:22
|
|
msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices."
|
|
msgstr "Codifica ambas funciones para que operen con matrices de 3 × 3."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the "
|
|
"functions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copia el siguiente fragmento de código en <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e "
|
|
"implementa las funciones:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:28 src/borrowing/exercise.md:14
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:51
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: borra esto cuando termines de implementarlo.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:37 src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md:34
|
|
msgid "// <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:42 src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md:39
|
|
msgid "\"matrix: {:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:44 src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md:41
|
|
msgid "\"transposed: {:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md:17 src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md:25
|
|
msgid "//\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Shared References](./references/shared.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Exclusive References](./references/exclusive.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Geometry](./references/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references.md:8 src/user-defined-types.md:11 src/pattern-matching.md:8
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 50 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A reference provides a way to access another value without taking "
|
|
"responsibility for the value, and is also called \"borrowing\". Shared "
|
|
"references are read-only, and the referenced data cannot change."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A shared reference to a type `T` has type `&T`. A reference value is made "
|
|
"with the `&` operator. The `*` operator \"dereferences\" a reference, "
|
|
"yielding its value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md:24
|
|
msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust prohibirá estáticamente las referencias colgantes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to, and this is a good "
|
|
"model for students not familiar with pointers: code can use the reference to "
|
|
"access the value, but is still \"owned\" by the original variable. The "
|
|
"course will get into more detail on ownership in day 3."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"References are implemented as pointers, and a key advantage is that they can "
|
|
"be much smaller than the thing they point to. Students familiar with C or C+"
|
|
"+ will recognize references as pointers. Later parts of the course will "
|
|
"cover how Rust prevents the memory-safety bugs that come from using raw "
|
|
"pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust does not automatically create references for you - the `&` is always "
|
|
"required."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md:51
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking "
|
|
"methods (try `r.count_ones()`). There is no need for an `->` operator like "
|
|
"in C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust realizará una desreferencia automática en algunos casos, en especial al "
|
|
"invocar métodos (prueba `ref_x.count_ones()`)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, `r` is mutable so that it can be reassigned (`r = &b`). "
|
|
"Note that this re-binds `r`, so that it refers to something else. This is "
|
|
"different from C++, where assignment to a reference changes the referenced "
|
|
"value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md:58
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A shared reference does not allow modifying the value it refers to, even if "
|
|
"that value was mutable. Try `*r = 'X'`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md:61
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long "
|
|
"enough. Dangling references cannot occur in safe Rust. `x_axis` would return "
|
|
"a reference to `point`, but `point` will be deallocated when the function "
|
|
"returns, so this will not compile."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md:66
|
|
msgid "We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Más adelante hablaremos de los préstamos cuando lleguemos a la parte de "
|
|
"propiedad."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exclusive.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Exclusive references, also known as mutable references, allow changing the "
|
|
"value they refer to. They have type `&mut T`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exclusive.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Exclusive\" means that only this reference can be used to access the "
|
|
"value. No other references (shared or exclusive) can exist at the same time, "
|
|
"and the referenced value cannot be accessed while the exclusive reference "
|
|
"exists. Try making an `&point.0` or changing `point.0` while `x_coord` is "
|
|
"alive."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exclusive.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Be sure to note the difference between `let mut x_coord: &i32` and `let "
|
|
"x_coord: &mut i32`. The first one represents a shared reference which can be "
|
|
"bound to different values, while the second represents an exclusive "
|
|
"reference to a mutable value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ten en cuenta la diferencia entre `let mut ref_x: &i32` y `let ref_x: &mut "
|
|
"i32`. La primera representa una referencia mutable que se puede vincular a "
|
|
"distintos valores, mientras que la segunda representa una referencia a un "
|
|
"valor mutable."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will create a few utility functions for 3-dimensional geometry, "
|
|
"representing a point as `[f64;3]`. It is up to you to determine the function "
|
|
"signatures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Calculate the magnitude of a vector by summing the squares of its "
|
|
"coordinates\n"
|
|
"// and taking the square root. Use the `sqrt()` method to calculate the "
|
|
"square\n"
|
|
"// root, like `v.sqrt()`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Normalize a vector by calculating its magnitude and dividing all of its\n"
|
|
"// coordinates by that magnitude.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md:23
|
|
msgid "// Use the following `main` to test your work.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md:27 src/references/solution.md:22
|
|
msgid "\"Magnitude of a unit vector: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md:30 src/references/solution.md:25
|
|
msgid "\"Magnitude of {v:?}: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md:32 src/references/solution.md:27
|
|
msgid "\"Magnitude of {v:?} after normalization: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/solution.md:4
|
|
msgid "/// Calculate the magnitude of the given vector.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/solution.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Change the magnitude of the vector to 1.0 without changing its "
|
|
"direction.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Named Structs](./user-defined-types/named-structs.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Tuple Structs](./user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Enums](./user-defined-types/enums.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Static and Const](./user-defined-types/static-and-const.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md:8
|
|
msgid "[Type Aliases](./user-defined-types/aliases.md) (2 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Elevator Events](./user-defined-types/exercise.md) (15 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:3
|
|
msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:"
|
|
msgstr "Al igual que C y C++, Rust admite estructuras (struct) personalizadas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:12
|
|
msgid "\"{} is {} years old\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:16
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:87
|
|
msgid "\"Peter\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:22
|
|
msgid "\"Avery\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:27
|
|
msgid "\"Jackie\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:37
|
|
msgid "Structs work like in C or C++."
|
|
msgstr "Las estructuras funcionan como en C o en C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:38
|
|
msgid "Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Al igual que en C++, y a diferencia de C, no se necesita typedef para "
|
|
"definir un tipo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:39
|
|
msgid "Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs."
|
|
msgstr "A diferencia de C++, no existe ninguna herencia entre las estructuras."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:40
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of "
|
|
"structs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puede que sea un buen momento para indicar a los alumnos que existen "
|
|
"diferentes tipos de estructuras. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:42
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Zero-sized structs (e.g. `struct Foo;`) might be used when implementing a "
|
|
"trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the "
|
|
"value itself."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las estructuras de tamaño cero, como `struct Foo;`, se pueden utilizar al "
|
|
"implementar un trait en algún tipo, pero no tienen ningún dato que te "
|
|
"interese almacenar en el propio valor. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are "
|
|
"not important."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La siguiente diapositiva presentará las estructuras de tuplas, que se "
|
|
"utilizan cuando los nombres de los campos no son importantes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:47
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the "
|
|
"struct using a shorthand."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si ya dispones de variables con los nombres adecuados, puedes crear la "
|
|
"estructura con un método abreviado:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:49
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The syntax `..avery` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the "
|
|
"old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be "
|
|
"the last element."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La sintaxis `..peter` nos permite copiar la mayoría de los campos de la "
|
|
"estructura anterior sin tener que escribirlos explícitamente. Siempre debe "
|
|
"ser el último elemento."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:7
|
|
msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si los nombres de los campos no son importantes, puedes utilizar una "
|
|
"estructura de tuplas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"({}, {})\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:18
|
|
msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esto se suele utilizar para envoltorios de campo único (denominados "
|
|
"newtypes):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:25
|
|
msgid "\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:29
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:50
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:14
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:98 src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:101
|
|
msgid "// ...\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in "
|
|
"a primitive type, for example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los newtypes son una buena forma de codificar información adicional sobre el "
|
|
"valor de un tipo primitivo, por ejemplo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:43
|
|
msgid "The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El número se mide en algunas unidades: `Newtons` en el ejemplo anterior."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:44
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have "
|
|
"to validate it again at every use: `PhoneNumber(String)` or `OddNumber(u32)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El valor ha pasado alguna validación cuando se ha creado, por lo que ya no "
|
|
"tendrás que volver a validarlo cada vez que lo uses: `PhoneNumber(String)` u "
|
|
"`OddNumber(u32)`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the "
|
|
"single field in the newtype."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Demuestra cómo se añade un valor `f64` a un tipo `Newtons` accediendo al "
|
|
"campo único del newtype."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or "
|
|
"for instance using booleans as integers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Por lo general, a Rust no le gustan los elementos no explícitos, como el "
|
|
"desenvolvimiento automático o, por ejemplo, el uso de booleanos como enteros."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:51
|
|
msgid "Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics)."
|
|
msgstr "El día 3 (genéricos), se explicará la sobrecarga del operador."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The example is a subtle reference to the [Mars Climate Orbiter](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter) failure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El ejemplo es una sutil referencia al fracaso de la sonda [Mars Climate "
|
|
"Orbiter](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few different "
|
|
"variants:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La palabra clave `enum` permite crear un tipo que tiene diferentes variantes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:15
|
|
msgid "// Simple variant\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:16
|
|
msgid "// Tuple variant\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:17
|
|
msgid "// Struct variant\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:22
|
|
msgid "\"On this turn: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las enumeraciones te permiten recoger un conjunto de valores en un solo tipo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Direction` is a type with variants. There are two values of `Direction`: "
|
|
"`Direction::Left` and `Direction::Right`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PlayerMove` is a type with three variants. In addition to the payloads, "
|
|
"Rust will store a discriminant so that it knows at runtime which variant is "
|
|
"in a `PlayerMove` value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "This might be a good time to compare structs and enums:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este es un buen momento para comparar las estructuras y las enumeraciones:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:38
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one "
|
|
"with different types of fields (variant payloads)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En ambas puedes tener una versión sencilla sin campos (estructura unitaria) "
|
|
"o una versión con distintos tipos de campos (variantes con carga útil). "
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:40
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate "
|
|
"structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were "
|
|
"all defined in an enum."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Incluso podrías implementar las distintas variantes de una enumeración con "
|
|
"estructuras diferentes, pero entonces no serían del mismo tipo como lo "
|
|
"serían si estuvieran todas definidas en una enumeración. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:43
|
|
msgid "Rust uses minimal space to store the discriminant."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:44
|
|
msgid "If necessary, it stores an integer of the smallest required size"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the allowed variant values do not cover all bit patterns, it will use "
|
|
"invalid bit patterns to encode the discriminant (the \"niche "
|
|
"optimization\"). For example, `Option<&u8>` stores either a pointer to an "
|
|
"integer or `NULL` for the `None` variant."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puedes controlar el discriminante si es necesario (por ejemplo, para "
|
|
"asegurar la compatibilidad con C):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:67
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2 "
|
|
"bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sin `repr`, el tipo discriminante ocupa 2 bytes, debido a que 10001 se cabe "
|
|
"en 2 bytes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:70
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:76
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:51 src/memory-management/move.md:100
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:84 src/borrowing/shared.md:33
|
|
msgid "More to Explore"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:72
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has several optimizations it can employ to make enums take up less "
|
|
"space."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:74
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Null pointer optimization: For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::<T>()` equals "
|
|
"`size_of::<Option<T>>()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Optimización de puntero nulo: para [algunos tipos](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/option/#representation), Rust asegura que `size_of::<T>()` es igual a "
|
|
"`size_of::<Option<T> >()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:78
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation _may_ look "
|
|
"like in practice. It's important to note that the compiler provides no "
|
|
"guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Fragmento de código de ejemplo si quieres mostrar cómo puede ser la "
|
|
"representación bit a bit en la práctica. Es importante tener en cuenta que "
|
|
"el compilador no ofrece garantías con respecto a esta representación, por lo "
|
|
"tanto es totalmente inseguro. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Static and constant variables are two different ways to create globally-"
|
|
"scoped values that cannot be moved or reallocated during the execution of "
|
|
"the program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las variables estáticas y constantes son dos formas diferentes de crear "
|
|
"valores de ámbito global que no se pueden mover ni reasignar durante la "
|
|
"ejecución del programa. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:6
|
|
msgid "`const`"
|
|
msgstr "`const`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Constant variables are evaluated at compile time and their values are "
|
|
"inlined wherever they are used:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las variables constantes se evalúan en tiempo de compilación y sus valores "
|
|
"se insertan dondequiera que se utilicen:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"According to the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-"
|
|
"vs-static.html) these are inlined upon use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Según el libro [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-"
|
|
"vs-static.html), se insertan cuando se utilizan."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Only functions marked `const` can be called at compile time to generate "
|
|
"`const` values. `const` functions can however be called at runtime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sólo se pueden llamar a las funciones marcadas como `const` en tiempo de "
|
|
"compilación para generar valores `const`. Sin embargo, las funciones `const` "
|
|
"se pueden llamar en _runtime_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:36
|
|
msgid "`static`"
|
|
msgstr "`static`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Static variables will live during the whole execution of the program, and "
|
|
"therefore will not move:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las variables estáticas vivirán durante toda la ejecución del programa y, "
|
|
"por lo tanto, no se moverán:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:42
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\""
|
|
msgstr "Te damos la bienvenida al Día 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:45
|
|
msgid "\"{BANNER}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:49
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-"
|
|
"vs-static.html), these are not inlined upon use and have an actual "
|
|
"associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, and "
|
|
"the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution. When a "
|
|
"globally-scoped value does not have a reason to need object identity, "
|
|
"`const` is generally preferred."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tal y como se indica en el libro [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/"
|
|
"rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html), no están insertadas y tienen una ubicación "
|
|
"de memoria real asociada. Esto resulta útil para código insertado y no "
|
|
"seguro. Además, la variable continúa durante toda la ejecución del programa. "
|
|
"Cuando un valor de ámbito global no tiene ningún motivo para necesitar "
|
|
"identidad de objeto, se suele preferir `const`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:58
|
|
msgid "Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Menciona que `const` se comporta semánticamente de forma similar a "
|
|
"`constexpr` de C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable "
|
|
"global variable in C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Por su parte, `static` se parece mucho más a `const` o a una variable global "
|
|
"mutable de C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:61
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`static` provides object identity: an address in memory and state as "
|
|
"required by types with interior mutability such as `Mutex<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`static` proporciona la identidad del objeto: una dirección en la memoria y "
|
|
"en el estado que requieren los tipos con mutabilidad interior, como "
|
|
"`Mutex<T>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but "
|
|
"it is helpful and safer than using a static."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"No es muy habitual que se necesite una constante evaluada en _runtime_, pero "
|
|
"es útil y más seguro que usar una estática."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:66
|
|
msgid "Properties table:"
|
|
msgstr "Tabla de Propiedades:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:68
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:6
|
|
msgid "Property"
|
|
msgstr "Propiedad"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:68
|
|
msgid "Static"
|
|
msgstr "Estático"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:68
|
|
msgid "Constant"
|
|
msgstr "Constante"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:70
|
|
msgid "Has an address in memory"
|
|
msgstr "Tiene una dirección en la memoria"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:70
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:71
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:73
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:74
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:12
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:13
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:14
|
|
msgid "Yes"
|
|
msgstr "Sí"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:70
|
|
msgid "No (inlined)"
|
|
msgstr "No (insertado)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:71
|
|
msgid "Lives for the entire duration of the program"
|
|
msgstr "Vive durante toda la ejecución del programa"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:71
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:72
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:74
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:15
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:16
|
|
msgid "No"
|
|
msgstr "No"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:72
|
|
msgid "Can be mutable"
|
|
msgstr "Puede ser mutable"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:72
|
|
msgid "Yes (unsafe)"
|
|
msgstr "Sí (inseguro)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:73
|
|
msgid "Evaluated at compile time"
|
|
msgstr "Evaluado en tiempo de compilación"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:73
|
|
msgid "Yes (initialised at compile time)"
|
|
msgstr "Sí (inicializado en tiempo de compilación)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:74
|
|
msgid "Inlined wherever it is used"
|
|
msgstr "Insertado dondequiera que se utilice"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:78
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Because `static` variables are accessible from any thread, they must be "
|
|
"`Sync`. Interior mutability is possible through a [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atomic or similar."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dado que se puede acceder a las variables `static` desde cualquier hilo, es "
|
|
"necesario protegerlas, por ejemplo, mediante un comando [`Mutex`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), o que sean accesibles usando "
|
|
"código `unsafe`. Veremos la [mutación de datos estáticos](../unsafe/mutable-"
|
|
"static-variables.md) en el capítulo sobre Rust inseguro."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:83
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Thread-local data can be created with the macro `std::thread_local`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Datos del `thread_local` se pueden crear con la macro `std::thread_local`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A type alias creates a name for another type. The two types can be used "
|
|
"interchangeably."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md:13
|
|
msgid "// Aliases are more useful with long, complex types:\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md:23
|
|
msgid "C programmers will recognize this as similar to a `typedef`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will create a data structure to represent an event in an elevator control "
|
|
"system. It is up to you to define the types and functions to construct "
|
|
"various events. Use `#[derive(Debug)]` to allow the types to be formatted "
|
|
"with `{:?}`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This exercise only requires creating and populating data structures so that "
|
|
"`main` runs without errors. The next part of the course will cover getting "
|
|
"data out of these structures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:12 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:4
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// An event in the elevator system that the controller must react to.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:15
|
|
msgid "// TODO: add required variants\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:17 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:22
|
|
msgid "/// A direction of travel.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:24 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:39
|
|
msgid "/// The car has arrived on the given floor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:29 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:44
|
|
msgid "/// The car doors have opened.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:34 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:49
|
|
msgid "/// The car doors have closed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:39 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// A directional button was pressed in an elevator lobby on the given "
|
|
"floor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:44 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:59
|
|
msgid "/// A floor button was pressed in the elevator car.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:52 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:67
|
|
msgid "\"A ground floor passenger has pressed the up button: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:55 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:70
|
|
msgid "\"The car has arrived on the ground floor: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:56 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:71
|
|
msgid "\"The car door opened: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:58 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:73
|
|
msgid "\"A passenger has pressed the 3rd floor button: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:61 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:76
|
|
msgid "\"The car door closed: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:62 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:77
|
|
msgid "\"The car has arrived on the 3rd floor: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:7
|
|
msgid "/// A button was pressed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:10
|
|
msgid "/// The car has arrived at the given floor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:13
|
|
msgid "/// The car's doors have opened.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:16
|
|
msgid "/// The car's doors have closed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:19
|
|
msgid "/// A floor is represented as an integer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:29
|
|
msgid "/// A user-accessible button.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:33
|
|
msgid "/// A button in the elevator lobby on the given floor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:36
|
|
msgid "/// A floor button within the car.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:1
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 2"
|
|
msgstr "Te damos la bienvenida al día 2"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, today will focus on Rust's type "
|
|
"system:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ahora que ya sabemos bastante sobre Rust, continuaremos con lo siguiente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Pattern matching: extracting data from structures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Emparejamiento de Patrones: desestructuración de enums, structs y arrays."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:7
|
|
msgid "Methods: associating functions with types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:8
|
|
msgid "Traits: behaviors shared by multiple types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:9
|
|
msgid "Generics: parameterizing types on other types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Standard library types and traits: a tour of Rust's rich standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:15
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-2.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Pattern Matching](./pattern-matching.md) (50 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consulta de nuevo la sección de [coincidencia de patrones](../pattern-"
|
|
"matching.md) para obtener más información sobre los patrones de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:17
|
|
msgid "[Methods and Traits](./methods-and-traits.md) (55 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:18
|
|
msgid "[Generics](./generics.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:20 src/welcome-day-4.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 3 hours and 5 "
|
|
"minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Destructuring](./pattern-matching/destructuring.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Let Control Flow](./pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Expression Evaluation](./pattern-matching/exercise.md) (30 "
|
|
"minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:3
|
|
msgid "Like tuples, structs and enums can also be destructured by matching:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:5
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:59
|
|
msgid "Structs"
|
|
msgstr "Structs"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:17
|
|
msgid "\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"y = {y}, other fields were ignored\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is "
|
|
"how you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple "
|
|
"`enum` type:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los patrones también se pueden usar para enlazar variables a partes de los "
|
|
"valores. Así es como se inspecciona la estructura de tus tipos. Empecemos "
|
|
"con un tipo `enum` sencillo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:39
|
|
msgid "\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:46
|
|
msgid "\"{n} divided in two is {half}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:47
|
|
msgid "\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first "
|
|
"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second "
|
|
"arm, `msg` is bound to the error message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aquí hemos utilizado los brazos para _desestructurar_ el valor de `Result`. "
|
|
"En el primer brazo, `half` está vinculado al valor que hay dentro de la "
|
|
"variante `Ok`. En el segundo, `msg` está vinculado al mensaje de error."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:61
|
|
msgid "Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cambia los valores literales de `foo` para que coincidan con los demás "
|
|
"patrones."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:62
|
|
msgid "Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Añade un campo nuevo a `Foo` y realiza los cambios necesarios en el patrón."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard to "
|
|
"spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that it "
|
|
"subtly doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La diferencia entre una captura y una expresión constante puede ser difícil "
|
|
"de detectar. Prueba a cambiar el `2` del segundo brazo por una variable y "
|
|
"observa que no funciona. Cámbialo a `const` y verás que vuelve a funcionar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:71
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with "
|
|
"a `match`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La expresión `if`/`else` devuelve una enumeración que más tarde se "
|
|
"descomprime con `match`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:73
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the "
|
|
"errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is now "
|
|
"inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puedes probar a añadir una tercera variante a la definición de la "
|
|
"enumeración y mostrar los errores al ejecutar el código. Señala los lugares "
|
|
"en los que tu código está ahora incompleto y explica cómo el compilador "
|
|
"intenta dar sugerencias."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:76
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern "
|
|
"matched."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Solo se puede acceder a los valores de las variantes de enumeración una vez "
|
|
"que coincidan con el patrón. El patrón vincula referencias a los campos del "
|
|
"\"brazo de coincidencias\" después de `=>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:78
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage "
|
|
"the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are handled."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Demuestra lo que pasa cuando la búsqueda no es exhaustiva. Ten en cuenta la "
|
|
"ventaja que ofrece el compilador de Rust al confirmar cuándo se gestionan "
|
|
"todos los casos. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:80
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Save the result of `divide_in_two` in the `result` variable and `match` it "
|
|
"in a loop. That won't compile because `msg` is consumed when matched. To fix "
|
|
"it, match `&result` instead of `result`. That will make `msg` a reference so "
|
|
"it won't be consumed. This [\"match ergonomics\"](https://rust-lang.github."
|
|
"io/rfcs/2005-match-ergonomics.html) appeared in Rust 2018. If you want to "
|
|
"support older Rust, replace `msg` with `ref msg` in the pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has a few control flow constructs which differ from other languages. "
|
|
"They are used for pattern matching:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust tiene algunas construcciones de control de flujo que difieren de otros "
|
|
"lenguajes. Se utilizan para el patrón de coincidencia:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:6
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:10
|
|
msgid "`if let` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "Expresiones `if let`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:7
|
|
msgid "`while let` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "Expresiones `while let`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:8
|
|
msgid "`match` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "Expresiones `match`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`if let` expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-"
|
|
"expr.html#if-let-expressions) lets you execute different code depending on "
|
|
"whether a value matches a pattern:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La [expresión `if let`][(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-"
|
|
"expr.html#if-let-expressions) te permite ejecutar código diferente en "
|
|
"función de si un valor coincide con un patrón:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:24
|
|
msgid "\"slept for {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`let else` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "Expresiones `while let`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the common case of matching a pattern and returning from the function, "
|
|
"use [`let else`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/"
|
|
"let_else.html). The \"else\" case must diverge (`return`, `break`, or panic "
|
|
"- anything but falling off the end of the block)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:45
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:108
|
|
msgid "\"got None\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:51
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:112
|
|
msgid "\"got empty string\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:57
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:116
|
|
msgid "\"not a hex digit\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:62
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/solution.md:113
|
|
msgid "\"result: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:62 src/generics/trait-bounds.md:16
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/solution.md:87 src/smart-pointers/solution.md:90
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md:11 src/testing/googletest.md:12
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md:83
|
|
msgid "\"foo\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:66
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) variant which "
|
|
"repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Al igual que con `if let`, hay una variante [`while let`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) que "
|
|
"prueba repetidamente un valor con respecto a un patrón:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:82
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here [`String::pop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/string/struct."
|
|
"String.html#method.pop) returns `Some(c)` until the string is empty, after "
|
|
"which it will return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through "
|
|
"all items."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aquí, el iterador devuelto por `v.into_iter()` devolverá `Option<i32>` en "
|
|
"cada llamada a `next()`. Devuelve `Some(x)` hasta que finaliza y, a "
|
|
"continuación, devuelve `None`. `while let` nos permite seguir iterando a "
|
|
"través de todos los elementos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:90
|
|
msgid "if-let"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:92
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not have to cover all branches. This can make "
|
|
"it more concise than `match`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A diferencia de `match`, `if let` no tiene que cubrir todas las ramas, "
|
|
"pudiendo así conseguir que sea más conciso que `match`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:94
|
|
msgid "A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un uso habitual consiste en gestionar valores `Some` al trabajar con "
|
|
"`Option`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:95
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A diferencia de `match`, `if let` no admite cláusulas guardia para la "
|
|
"coincidencia de patrones."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:97
|
|
msgid "let-else"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:99
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`if-let`s can pile up, as shown. The `let-else` construct supports "
|
|
"flattening this nested code. Rewrite the awkward version for students, so "
|
|
"they can see the transformation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:103
|
|
msgid "The rewritten version is:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:123
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "while-let"
|
|
msgstr "Bucles `while let`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:125
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value "
|
|
"matches the pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Señala que el bucle `while let` seguirá funcionando siempre que el valor "
|
|
"coincida con el patrón."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:127
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if "
|
|
"statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `name.pop()`. The "
|
|
"`while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puedes reescribir el bucle `while let` como un ciclo infinito con una "
|
|
"instrucción if que deje de funcionar si `iter.next()` no tienen ningún valor "
|
|
"que desenvolver. `while let` proporciona azúcar sintáctico en la situación "
|
|
"anterior."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid "Let's write a simple recursive evaluator for arithmetic expressions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Box` type here is a smart pointer, and will be covered in detail later "
|
|
"in the course. An expression can be \"boxed\" with `Box::new` as seen in the "
|
|
"tests. To evaluate a boxed expression, use the deref operator (`*`) to "
|
|
"\"unbox\" it: `eval(*boxed_expr)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some expressions cannot be evaluated and will return an error. The standard "
|
|
"[`Result<Value, String>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/result/enum.Result."
|
|
"html) type is an enum that represents either a successful value "
|
|
"(`Ok(Value)`) or an error (`Err(String)`). We will cover this type in detail "
|
|
"later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy and paste the code into the Rust playground, and begin implementing "
|
|
"`eval`. The final product should pass the tests. It may be helpful to use "
|
|
"`todo!()` and get the tests to pass one-by-one. You can also skip a test "
|
|
"temporarily with `#[ignore]`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you finish early, try writing a test that results in division by zero or "
|
|
"integer overflow. How could you handle this with `Result` instead of a panic?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:30 src/pattern-matching/solution.md:4
|
|
msgid "/// An operation to perform on two subexpressions.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:38 src/pattern-matching/solution.md:12
|
|
msgid "/// An expression, in tree form.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:42 src/pattern-matching/solution.md:16
|
|
msgid "/// An operation on two subexpressions.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:45 src/pattern-matching/solution.md:19
|
|
msgid "/// A literal value\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:104 src/pattern-matching/solution.md:40
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/solution.md:102
|
|
msgid "\"division by zero\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/solution.md:112
|
|
msgid "\"expr: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Methods](./methods-and-traits/methods.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Traits](./methods-and-traits/traits.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Deriving](./methods-and-traits/deriving.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md:7
|
|
msgid "[Trait Objects](./methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Generic Logger](./methods-and-traits/exercise.md) (20 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md:10
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 55 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with "
|
|
"an `impl` block:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust te permite asociar funciones a los nuevos tipos. Para ello, usa un "
|
|
"bloque `impl`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:14
|
|
msgid "// No receiver, a static method\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:19
|
|
msgid "// Exclusive borrowed read-write access to self\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:24
|
|
msgid "// Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:26
|
|
msgid "\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:28
|
|
msgid "\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:32
|
|
msgid "// Exclusive ownership of self\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:35
|
|
msgid "\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:40
|
|
msgid "\"Monaco Grand Prix\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:47
|
|
msgid "// race.add_lap(42);\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:51
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `self` arguments specify the \"receiver\" - the object the method acts "
|
|
"on. There are several common receivers for a method:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&self` indica que el método toma prestado el objeto de forma inmutable. Hay "
|
|
"otros posibles receptores para un método:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable "
|
|
"reference. The object can be used again afterwards."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&self`: toma prestado el objeto del llamador utilizando una referencia "
|
|
"compartida e inmutable. El objeto se puede volver a utilizar después."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable "
|
|
"reference. The object can be used again afterwards."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&mut self`: toma prestado el objeto del llamador mediante una referencia "
|
|
"única y mutable. El objeto se puede volver a utilizar después."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:58
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The "
|
|
"method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped "
|
|
"(deallocated) when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly "
|
|
"transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`self`: asume el _ownership_ del objeto y lo aleja del llamador. El método "
|
|
"se convierte en el propietario del objeto. El objeto se eliminará (es decir, "
|
|
"se anulará la asignación) cuando el método devuelva un resultado, a menos "
|
|
"que se transmita su _ownership_ de forma explícita. El _ownership_ completa "
|
|
"no implica automáticamente una mutabilidad."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:62
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`mut self`: igual que lo anterior, pero el método puede mutar el objeto. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to "
|
|
"create constructors which are called `new` by convention."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sin receptor: se convierte en un método estático de la estructura. "
|
|
"Normalmente se utiliza para crear constructores que se suelen denominar "
|
|
"`new`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:71
|
|
msgid "It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions."
|
|
msgstr "Puede resultar útil presentar los métodos comparándolos con funciones."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:72
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the "
|
|
"first parameter represents the instance as `self`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se llama a los métodos en una instancia de un tipo (como un estructura o una "
|
|
"enumeración) y el primer parámetro representa la instancia como `self`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:74
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver "
|
|
"syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep "
|
|
"all the implementation code in one predictable place."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los desarrolladores pueden optar por utilizar métodos para aprovechar la "
|
|
"sintaxis de los receptores de métodos y para ayudar a mantenerlos más "
|
|
"organizados. Mediante el uso de métodos podemos mantener todo el código de "
|
|
"implementación en un lugar predecible."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:77
|
|
msgid "Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver."
|
|
msgstr "Señala el uso de la palabra clave `self`, receptor de un método. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:78
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self: Self` and perhaps show how "
|
|
"the struct name could also be used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Indica que se trata de un término abreviado de `self:&Self` y muestra cómo "
|
|
"se podría utilizar también el nombre de la estructura. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:80
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and "
|
|
"can be used elsewhere in the block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Explica que `Self` es un tipo de alias para el tipo en el que está el bloque "
|
|
"`impl` y que se puede usar en cualquier parte del bloque."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:82
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to "
|
|
"refer to individual fields."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ten en cuenta que se puede usar `self` como otras estructuras y que la "
|
|
"notación de puntos puede utilizarse para referirse a campos concretos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:84
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` "
|
|
"by trying to run `finish` twice."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puede ser un buen momento para mostrar la diferencia entre `&self` y `self` "
|
|
"modificando el código e intentando ejecutar say_hello dos veces."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:86
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also [special wrapper types](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) allowed to be "
|
|
"receiver types, such as `Box<Self>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Además de las variantes `self`, también hay [tipos de envoltorios especiales]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) que "
|
|
"pueden ser tipos de receptor, como `Box<Self>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust te permite abstraer sobre tipos con _traits_. Son similares a las "
|
|
"interfaces:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"Oh you're a cutie! What's your name? {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:24
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:20
|
|
msgid "\"Woof, my name is {}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:30
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:26
|
|
msgid "\"Miau!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:36
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:33
|
|
msgid "\"Fido\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A trait defines a number of methods that types must have in order to "
|
|
"implement the trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:49
|
|
msgid "Traits are implemented in an `impl <trait> for <type> { .. }` block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:51
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Traits may specify pre-implemented (provided) methods and methods that users "
|
|
"are required to implement themselves. Provided methods can rely on required "
|
|
"methods. In this case, `greet` is provided, and relies on `talk`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los _traits_ pueden especificar los métodos implementados previamente "
|
|
"(predeterminados) y los métodos que los usuarios deben implementar ellos "
|
|
"mismos. Los métodos con implementaciones predeterminadas pueden basarse en "
|
|
"métodos obligatorios."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Supported traits can be automatically implemented for your custom types, as "
|
|
"follows:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:15
|
|
msgid "// Default trait adds `default` constructor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:16
|
|
msgid "// Clone trait adds `clone` method.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:17
|
|
msgid "\"EldurScrollz\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:18
|
|
msgid "// Debug trait adds support for printing with `{:?}`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"{:?} vs. {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Derivation is implemented with macros, and many crates provide useful derive "
|
|
"macros to add useful functionality. For example, `serde` can derive "
|
|
"serialization support for a struct using `#[derive(Serialize)]`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a "
|
|
"collection:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los objetos de _traits_ permiten valores de diferentes tipos, por ejemplo, "
|
|
"en una colección:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:36
|
|
msgid "\"Hello, who are you? {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:41
|
|
msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:"
|
|
msgstr "Diseño de la memoria después de asignar `pets`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:43
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": pets : : +----+----+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----+ .->| F | i | d | o "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o | | +----+----+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-+ "
|
|
"`---------. :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | data "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | | +-------+--|-------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": : : | | | '-->| name | o, 4, 4 "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": : : | | | | age | 5 "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | | +-------+----------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : | | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | | "
|
|
"vtable :\n"
|
|
" : | | | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : | | '---->| \"<Dog as Pet>::talk\" "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | "
|
|
"data :\n"
|
|
" : | | +-------+-------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : | '-->| lives | 9 "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | +-------+-------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | "
|
|
"vtable :\n"
|
|
" : | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : '---->| \"<Cat as Pet>::talk\" "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : :\n"
|
|
" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" _Stack_ _Heap_\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"pets : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | +---------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| name: \"Fido\" "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": : : | | | +---------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : | | '---->| \"<Dog as Pet>::name\" "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : | "
|
|
"| : \n"
|
|
" : | | +-"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : | '-->|"
|
|
"\\| : \n"
|
|
" : | +-"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : "
|
|
"| : \n"
|
|
" : | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : '---->| \"<Cat as Pet>::name\" "
|
|
"| : \n"
|
|
" : +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : :\n"
|
|
" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -'\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:78
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it "
|
|
"impossible to have things like `Vec<dyn Pet>` in the example above."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los tipos que implementan un trait determinado pueden tener diferentes "
|
|
"tamaños. Esto hace imposible tener elementos como `Vec<Pet>` en el ejemplo "
|
|
"anterior."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:80
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that "
|
|
"implements `Pet`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`dyn Pet` es una forma de indicar al compilador un tipo de tamaño dinámico "
|
|
"que implementa `Pet`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:82
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the example, `pets` is allocated on the stack and the vector data is on "
|
|
"the heap. The two vector elements are _fat pointers_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:84
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A fat pointer is a double-width pointer. It has two components: a pointer to "
|
|
"the actual object and a pointer to the [virtual method table](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_method_table) (vtable) for the `Pet` "
|
|
"implementation of that particular object."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En el ejemplo, `pets` contiene _punteros grandes_ en los objetos que "
|
|
"implementan `Pet`. El puntero grande consta de dos componentes: un puntero "
|
|
"al objeto real y un puntero a la tabla de métodos virtuales para la "
|
|
"implementación de `Pet` en ese objeto concreto."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:87
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The data for the `Dog` named Fido is the `name` and `age` fields. The `Cat` "
|
|
"has a `lives` field."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:89
|
|
msgid "Compare these outputs in the above example:"
|
|
msgstr "Compara estas salidas en el ejemplo anterior:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:91
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:92 src/std-traits/closures.md:63
|
|
msgid "\"{} {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:93
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:94 src/std-traits/exercise.md:23
|
|
#: src/std-traits/solution.md:29 src/modules/exercise.md:136
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:78 src/android/build-rules/library.md:44
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:17
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:59
|
|
msgid "\"{}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let's design a simple logging utility, using a trait `Logger` with a `log` "
|
|
"method. Code which might log its progress can then take an `&impl Logger`. "
|
|
"In testing, this might put messages in the test logfile, while in a "
|
|
"production build it would send messages to a log server."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, the `StderrLogger` given below logs all messages, regardless of "
|
|
"verbosity. Your task is to write a `VerbosityFilter` type that will ignore "
|
|
"messages above a maximum verbosity."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a common pattern: a struct wrapping a trait implementation and "
|
|
"implementing that same trait, adding behavior in the process. What other "
|
|
"kinds of wrappers might be useful in a logging utility?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:20 src/methods-and-traits/solution.md:7
|
|
msgid "/// Log a message at the given verbosity level.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:28 src/methods-and-traits/solution.md:15
|
|
msgid "\"verbosity={verbosity}: {message}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:33 src/methods-and-traits/solution.md:20
|
|
msgid "\"FYI\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:34 src/methods-and-traits/solution.md:21
|
|
msgid "\"Uhoh\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:36
|
|
msgid "// TODO: Define and implement `VerbosityFilter`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/solution.md:23
|
|
msgid "/// Only log messages up to the given verbosity level.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Generic Functions](./generics/generic-functions.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Generic Data Types](./generics/generic-data.md) (15 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Trait Bounds](./generics/trait-bounds.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md:7
|
|
msgid "[impl Trait](./generics/impl-trait.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md:8
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Generic min](./generics/exercise.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md:10 src/smart-pointers.md:8 src/iterators.md:9
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:11
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 45 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust supports generics, which lets you abstract algorithms or data "
|
|
"structures (such as sorting or a binary tree) over the types used or stored."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust admite el uso de genéricos, lo que permite abstraer los algoritmos o "
|
|
"las estructuras de datos (como el orden o un árbol binario) sobre los tipos "
|
|
"utilizados o almacenados."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:7
|
|
msgid "/// Pick `even` or `odd` depending on the value of `n`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:17
|
|
msgid "\"picked a number: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"picked a tuple: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"dog\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"cat\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust infers a type for T based on the types of the arguments and return "
|
|
"value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is similar to C++ templates, but Rust partially compiles the generic "
|
|
"function immediately, so that function must be valid for all types matching "
|
|
"the constraints. For example, try modifying `pick` to return `even + odd` if "
|
|
"`n == 0`. Even if only the `pick` instantiation with integers is used, Rust "
|
|
"still considers it invalid. C++ would let you do this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites. This "
|
|
"is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you had "
|
|
"hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se trata de una abstracción sin coste: se obtiene exactamente el mismo "
|
|
"resultado que si se hubiesen programado de forma manual las estructuras de "
|
|
"datos sin la abstracción."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:3
|
|
msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:"
|
|
msgstr "Puedes usar genéricos para abstraer el tipo de campo concreto:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:17
|
|
msgid "// fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:23
|
|
msgid "\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:24
|
|
msgid "\"coords: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Q:_ Why `T` is specified twice in `impl<T> Point<T> {}`? Isn't that "
|
|
"redundant?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_P:_ ¿Por qué `T` se especifica dos veces en `impl<T> Point<T> {}`? ¿No es "
|
|
"redundante?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. "
|
|
"They are independently generic."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esto se debe a que es una sección de implementación genérica para un tipo "
|
|
"genérico. Son genéricos de forma independiente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:35
|
|
msgid "It means these methods are defined for any `T`."
|
|
msgstr "Significa que estos métodos están definidos para cualquier `T`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:36
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It is possible to write `impl Point<u32> { .. }`."
|
|
msgstr "Es posible escribir `impl Point<u32> { .. }`. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Point` is still generic and you can use `Point<f64>`, but methods in this "
|
|
"block will only be available for `Point<u32>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Point` sigue siendo genérico y puedes usar `Point<f64>`, pero los métodos "
|
|
"de este bloque solo estarán disponibles para `Point<u32>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`. Update the "
|
|
"code to allow points that have elements of different types, by using two "
|
|
"type variables, e.g., `T` and `U`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement "
|
|
"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuando se trabaja con genéricos, a menudo se prefiere que los tipos "
|
|
"implementen algún trait, de forma que se pueda llamar a los métodos de este "
|
|
"trait."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:6
|
|
msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:"
|
|
msgstr "Puedes hacerlo con `T: Trait` o `impl Trait`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:12
|
|
msgid "// struct NotClonable;\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"{pair:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:25
|
|
msgid "Try making a `NonClonable` and passing it to `duplicate`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:27
|
|
msgid "When multiple traits are necessary, use `+` to join them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:29
|
|
msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Muestra una cláusula `where` para que los alumnos la encuentren al leer el "
|
|
"código."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:40
|
|
msgid "It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters."
|
|
msgstr "Despeja la firma de la función si tienes muchos parámetros."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:41
|
|
msgid "It has additional features making it more powerful."
|
|
msgstr "Tiene funciones adicionales para que sea más potente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can "
|
|
"be arbitrary, like `Option<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si alguien pregunta, la función adicional es que el tipo que está a la "
|
|
"izquierda de \":\" puede ser arbitrario, como `Option<T>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that Rust does not (yet) support specialization. For example, given the "
|
|
"original `duplicate`, it is invalid to add a specialized `duplicate(a: u32)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function "
|
|
"arguments and return values:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De forma similar a los límites de _traits_, se puede usar la sintaxis `impl "
|
|
"Trait` en argumentos de funciones y valores devueltos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Syntactic sugar for:\n"
|
|
"// fn add_42_millions<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"{many}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:21
|
|
msgid "\"{many_more}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:23
|
|
msgid "\"debuggable: {debuggable:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:30
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name. The "
|
|
"meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions."
|
|
msgstr "La naturaleza de `impl Trait` varía ligeramente según la posición."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a "
|
|
"trait bound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En el caso de los parámetros, `impl Trait` es como un parámetro genérico "
|
|
"anónimo con un límite de trait."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that "
|
|
"implements the trait, without naming the type. This can be useful when you "
|
|
"don't want to expose the concrete type in a public API."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En el caso de un tipo de resultado devuelto, significa que este es un tipo "
|
|
"concreto que implementa el trait, sin nombrar el tipo. Esto puede ser útil "
|
|
"cuando no quieres exponer el tipo concreto en una API pública."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` picks "
|
|
"the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A "
|
|
"function returning a generic type like `collect<B>() -> B` can return any "
|
|
"type satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with "
|
|
"`let x: Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::"
|
|
"<Vec<_>>()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La inferencia es más complicada en la posición de retorno. Una función que "
|
|
"devuelve `impl Foo` elige el tipo concreto que devuelve, sin escribirlo en "
|
|
"el código fuente. Una función que devuelve un tipo genérico como "
|
|
"`collect<B>() -> B` puede devolver cualquier tipo que cumpla `B`, y es "
|
|
"posible que el llamador tenga que elegir uno, como con `let x: Vec<_> = foo."
|
|
"collect()` o con la sintaxis turbofish, `foo.collect::<Vec<_>>()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What is the type of `debuggable`? Try `let debuggable: () = ..` to see what "
|
|
"the error message shows."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this short exercise, you will implement a generic `min` function that "
|
|
"determines the minimum of two values, using a `LessThan` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md:8 src/generics/solution.md:5
|
|
msgid "/// Return true if self is less than other.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md:29
|
|
msgid "// TODO: implement the `min` function used in `main`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md:33 src/generics/solution.md:36
|
|
msgid "\"Shapiro\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md:34 src/generics/exercise.md:35
|
|
#: src/generics/solution.md:37 src/generics/solution.md:38
|
|
msgid "\"Baumann\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Standard Library Types](./std-types.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Standard Library Traits](./std-traits.md) (1 hour and 40 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Standard Library](./std-types/std.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Documentation](./std-types/docs.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Option](./std-types/option.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md:7
|
|
msgid "[Result](./std-types/result.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md:8
|
|
msgid "[String](./std-types/string.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md:9
|
|
msgid "[Vec](./std-types/vec.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md:10
|
|
msgid "[HashMap](./std-types/hashmap.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md:11
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Counter](./std-types/exercise.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md:13 src/memory-management.md:13
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:11
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 10 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For each of the slides in this section, spend some time reviewing the "
|
|
"documentation pages, highlighting some of the more common methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common "
|
|
"types used by Rust libraries and programs. This way, two libraries can work "
|
|
"together smoothly because they both use the same `String` type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust viene con una biblioteca estándar que ayuda a establecer un conjunto de "
|
|
"tipos comunes que se usan en la biblioteca y los programas de Rust. De esta "
|
|
"forma, dos bibliotecas pueden funcionar juntas sin problemas, puesto que "
|
|
"ambas utilizan el mismo tipo `String`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, "
|
|
"`alloc` and `std`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De hecho, Rust contiene varias capas de la biblioteca estándar: `core`, "
|
|
"`alloc` y `std`. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on "
|
|
"`libc`, allocator or even the presence of an operating system."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`core` incluye los tipos y funciones más básicos que no dependen de `libc`, "
|
|
"de un _allocator_ (asignador de memoria) ni de la presencia de un sistema "
|
|
"operativo. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, "
|
|
"`Box` and `Arc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`alloc` incluye tipos que requieren un _allocator_ de _heap_ global, como "
|
|
"`Vec`, `Box` y `Arc`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las aplicaciones embebidas en Rust menudo solo usan `core` y a algunas veces "
|
|
"`alloc`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust comes with extensive documentation. For example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All of the details about [loops](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/reference/"
|
|
"expressions/loop-expr.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si quieres salir de un bucle antes, usa [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Primitive types like [`u8`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive."
|
|
"u8.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Standard library types like [`Option`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/"
|
|
"option/enum.Option.html) or [`BinaryHeap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/"
|
|
"std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) y [`String`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md:13
|
|
msgid "In fact, you can document your own code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second "
|
|
"argument.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are "
|
|
"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the [rustdoc]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is "
|
|
"idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El contenido se trata como Markdown. Todos los crates de la biblioteca de "
|
|
"Rust publicados se documentan automáticamente\n"
|
|
" en [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) mediante la herramienta \n"
|
|
"[rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html). Es "
|
|
"propio\n"
|
|
"documentar todos los elementos públicos de una API usando este patrón."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To document an item from inside the item (such as inside a module), use `//!"
|
|
"` or `/*! .. */`, called \"inner doc comments\":"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"//! This module contains functionality relating to divisibility of "
|
|
"integers.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md:42
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at <https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"rand>."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Muestra a los alumnos los documentos generados para el crate `rand` en "
|
|
"[`docs.rs/rand`](https://docs.rs/rand)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Option"
|
|
msgstr "Excepciones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We have already seen some use of `Option<T>`. It stores either a value of "
|
|
"type `T` or nothing. For example, [`String::find`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"stable/std/string/struct.String.html#method.find) returns an `Option<usize>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md:10
|
|
msgid "\"Löwe 老虎 Léopard Gepardi\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md:11
|
|
msgid "'é'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md:12 src/std-types/option.md:15
|
|
msgid "\"find returned {position:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md:14
|
|
msgid "'Z'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md:16
|
|
msgid "\"Character not found\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md:23
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Option` is widely used, not just in the standard library."
|
|
msgstr "`Option` y `Result` se usan mucho, no solo en la biblioteca estándar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`unwrap` will return the value in an `Option`, or panic. `expect` is similar "
|
|
"but takes an error message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can panic on None, but you can't \"accidentally\" forget to check for "
|
|
"None."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It's common to `unwrap`/`expect` all over the place when hacking something "
|
|
"together, but production code typically handles `None` in a nicer fashion."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The niche optimization means that `Option<T>` often has the same size in "
|
|
"memory as `T`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md:1
|
|
msgid "Result"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Result` is similar to `Option`, but indicates the success or failure of an "
|
|
"operation, each with a different type. This is similar to the `Res` defined "
|
|
"in the expression exercise, but generic: `Result<T, E>` where `T` is used in "
|
|
"the `Ok` variant and `E` appears in the `Err` variant."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md:13
|
|
msgid "\"diary.txt\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"Dear diary: {contents} ({bytes} bytes)\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md:20
|
|
msgid "\"Could not read file content\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md:24
|
|
msgid "\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the "
|
|
"developer to explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the "
|
|
"case where an error should never happen, `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be "
|
|
"called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Al igual que con `Option`, el valor correcto se encuentra dentro de "
|
|
"`Result`, lo que obliga al desarrollador a extraerlo de forma explícita. "
|
|
"Esto fomenta la comprobación de errores. En el caso de que nunca se produzca "
|
|
"un error, se puede llamar a `unwrap()` o a `expect()`, y esto también es una "
|
|
"señal de la intención del desarrollador."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it "
|
|
"is worth mentioning. It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions "
|
|
"that help functional-style programming."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La documentación sobre `Result` es una lectura recomendada. Aunque no se vea "
|
|
"durante este curso, merece la pena mencinarlo. Contiene muchos métodos y "
|
|
"funciones prácticos que ayudan a seguir una programación funcional. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on "
|
|
"Day 3."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Result` es el tipo estándar para implementar la gestión de errores, tal y "
|
|
"como veremos el día 3."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:1
|
|
msgid "String"
|
|
msgstr "String"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) is the "
|
|
"standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) es el "
|
|
"búfer de cadena UTF-8 estándar, ampliable y asignado a un _heap_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:8 src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:35
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:23 src/memory-management/review.md:58
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:32 src/testing/unit-tests.md:37
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:9 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:26
|
|
msgid "\"Hello\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:9
|
|
msgid "\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:13
|
|
msgid "'!'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:16
|
|
msgid "\"🇨🇭\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:17
|
|
msgid "\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` implements [`Deref<Target = str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), which means that you can call "
|
|
"all `str` methods on a `String`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String` implementa \\[`Deref<Target = str>`\\]\\[2\\], lo que significa que "
|
|
"puedes llamar a todos los métodos `str` en una `String`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when "
|
|
"you know how much data you want to push to the string."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String::new` devuelve una nueva cadena vacía. Usa `String::with_capacity` "
|
|
"cuando sepas cuántos datos quieres guardar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be "
|
|
"different from its length in characters)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String::len` devuelve el tamaño de `String` en bytes (que puede ser "
|
|
"diferente de su longitud en caracteres)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a "
|
|
"`char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" due "
|
|
"to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/"
|
|
"unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String::chars` devuelve un iterador sobre los caracteres reales. Ten en "
|
|
"cuenta que un `char` puede ser diferente de lo que un humano consideraría un "
|
|
"\"caracter\", debido a los [grupos de grafemas](https://docs.rs/unicode-"
|
|
"segmentation/latest/unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or "
|
|
"`String`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuando la gente se refiere a cadenas, pueden estar hablando de `&str` o de "
|
|
"`String`. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When a type implements `Deref<Target = T>`, the compiler will let you "
|
|
"transparently call methods from `T`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuando un tipo implementa `Deref<Target = T>`, el compilador te permite "
|
|
"llamar a métodos de forma transparente desde `T`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We haven't discussed the `Deref` trait yet, so at this point this mostly "
|
|
"explains the structure of the sidebar in the documentation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` implements `Deref<Target = str>` which transparently gives it "
|
|
"access to `str`'s methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String` implementa `Deref<Target = str>`, que le proporciona acceso "
|
|
"transparente a los métodos de `str`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:45
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1;`."
|
|
msgstr "Escribe y compara `let s3 = s1.deref();` y `let s3 = &*s1`;."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the "
|
|
"operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but "
|
|
"with some extra guarantees."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String` se implementa como un envoltorio alrededor de un vector de bytes. "
|
|
"Muchas de las operaciones que ves como compatibles con vectores también lo "
|
|
"son con `String`, pero con algunas garantías adicionales."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:49
|
|
msgid "Compare the different ways to index a `String`:"
|
|
msgstr "Compara las diferentes formas de indexar `String`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, "
|
|
"out-of-bounds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A un carácter mediante `s3. chars().nth(i).unwrap()`, donde `i` está dentro "
|
|
"o fuera de los límites"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character "
|
|
"boundaries or not."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A una cadena secundaria mediante `s3[0..4]`, donde el slice está en los "
|
|
"límites de caracteres o no."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) is the standard "
|
|
"resizable heap-allocated buffer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) es el búfer "
|
|
"estándar redimensionable asignado al _heap_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md:9
|
|
msgid "\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md:16
|
|
msgid "// Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md:19
|
|
msgid "// Retain only the even elements.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md:21 src/std-types/vec.md:25
|
|
msgid "\"{v3:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md:23
|
|
msgid "// Remove consecutive duplicates.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Vec` implements [`Deref<Target = [T]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
|
|
"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), which means that you can call slice "
|
|
"methods on a `Vec`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Vec` implementa [`Deref<Target = [T]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
|
|
"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), lo que significa que puedes llamar a "
|
|
"métodos slice en un `Vec`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md:38
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data "
|
|
"it contains is stored on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't "
|
|
"need to be known at compile time. It can grow or shrink at runtime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Vec` es un tipo de colección, junto con `String` y `HashMap`. Los datos que "
|
|
"contiene se almacenan en el _heap_. Esto significa que no es necesario "
|
|
"conocer la cantidad de datos durante la compilación. Puede aumentar o "
|
|
"disminuir durante la ejecución."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice how `Vec<T>` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` "
|
|
"explicitly. As always with Rust type inference, the `T` was established "
|
|
"during the first `push` call."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ten en cuenta que `Vec<T>` también es un tipo genérico, pero no tienes que "
|
|
"especificar `T` de forma explícita. Como siempre sucede con la inferencia de "
|
|
"tipos de Rust, `T` se estableció durante la primera llamada a `push`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it "
|
|
"supports adding initial elements to the vector."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`vec![...]` es una macro canónica para usarla en lugar de `Vec::new()` y "
|
|
"admite que se añadan elementos iniciales al vector."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. "
|
|
"Alternatively, using `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will "
|
|
"remove the last element."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para indexar el vector, se utiliza `[` `]`, pero entrará en pánico si se "
|
|
"sale de los límites. También se puede usar `get` para obtener una `Option`. "
|
|
"La función `pop` eliminará el último elemento."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Slices are covered on day 3. For now, students only need to know that a "
|
|
"value of type `Vec` gives access to all of the documented slice methods, too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:3
|
|
msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:"
|
|
msgstr "Mapa hash estándar con protección frente a ataques HashDoS:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:10
|
|
msgid "\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:11
|
|
msgid "\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:12 src/std-types/hashmap.md:21
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:29
|
|
msgid "\"Pride and Prejudice\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"Les Misérables\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:16
|
|
msgid "\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:21 src/std-types/hashmap.md:29
|
|
msgid "\"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:23
|
|
msgid "\"{book}: {count} pages\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:24
|
|
msgid "\"{book} is unknown.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:28
|
|
msgid "// Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:34
|
|
msgid "\"{page_counts:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope."
|
|
msgstr "`HashMap` no se ha explicado en el preludio y debe conocerse."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the "
|
|
"hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will insert "
|
|
"the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Prueba las siguientes líneas de código. La primera línea comprobará si un "
|
|
"libro está incluido en el hashmap y, si no, devolverá un valor alternativo. "
|
|
"La segunda línea insertará el valor alternativo en el hashmap si el libro no "
|
|
"se encuentra."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:48 src/std-types/hashmap.md:60
|
|
msgid "\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:51 src/std-types/hashmap.md:61
|
|
msgid "\"The Hunger Games\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:54
|
|
msgid "Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A diferencia de `vec!`, por desgracia no hay ninguna macro estándar de "
|
|
"`hashmap!`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-"
|
|
"From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), which allows "
|
|
"us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sin embargo, desde la versión 1.56 de Rust, HashMap implementa [`From<[(K, "
|
|
"V); N]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap."
|
|
"html#impl-From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%, que "
|
|
"nos permite inicializar fácilmente un mapa hash a partir de un _array_ "
|
|
"literal:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:65
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-"
|
|
"value tuples."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"HashMap también se puede crear a partir de cualquier `Iterator` que genere "
|
|
"tuplas de pares clave-valor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:67
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We are showing `HashMap<String, i32>`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make "
|
|
"examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be done, "
|
|
"but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Mostraremos `HashMap<String, i32>` y evitaremos utilizar `&str` para que los "
|
|
"ejemplos sean más sencillos. Por supuesto, se pueden usar las referencias en "
|
|
"las colecciones, pero pueden dar problemas con el _borrow checker_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:70
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still "
|
|
"compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Prueba a eliminar `to_string()` del ejemplo anterior para ver si aún sigue "
|
|
"compilando. ¿Dónde crees que podríamos encontrar problemas?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:73
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This type has several \"method-specific\" return types, such as `std::"
|
|
"collections::hash_map::Keys`. These types often appear in searches of the "
|
|
"Rust docs. Show students the docs for this type, and the helpful link back "
|
|
"to the `keys` method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este tipo tiene varios tipos de devolución \"específicos del método\", como "
|
|
"`std::collections::hash_map::Keys`. Estos tipos a menudo aparecen en las "
|
|
"búsquedas de la documentación de Rust. Muestra a los estudiantes la "
|
|
"documentación de este tipo y el enlace útil de vuelta al método `keys`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise you will take a very simple data structure and make it "
|
|
"generic. It uses a [`std::collections::HashMap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"stable/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html) to keep track of which values "
|
|
"have been seen and how many times each one has appeared."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The initial version of `Counter` is hard coded to only work for `u32` "
|
|
"values. Make the struct and its methods generic over the type of value being "
|
|
"tracked, that way `Counter` can track any type of value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you finish early, try using the [`entry`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"stable/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html#method.entry) method to halve the "
|
|
"number of hash lookups required to implement the `count` method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:20 src/std-types/solution.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Counter counts the number of times each value of type T has been seen.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:27 src/std-types/solution.md:13
|
|
msgid "/// Create a new Counter.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:34 src/std-types/solution.md:18
|
|
msgid "/// Count an occurrence of the given value.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:43 src/std-types/solution.md:23
|
|
msgid "/// Return the number of times the given value has been seen.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:59 src/std-types/solution.md:39
|
|
msgid "\"saw {} values equal to {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:63 src/std-types/exercise.md:65
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:66 src/std-types/solution.md:43
|
|
#: src/std-types/solution.md:45 src/std-types/solution.md:46
|
|
msgid "\"apple\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:64 src/std-types/solution.md:44
|
|
msgid "\"orange\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:66 src/std-types/solution.md:46
|
|
msgid "\"got {} apples\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Comparisons](./std-traits/comparisons.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Operators](./std-traits/operators.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md:6
|
|
msgid "[From and Into](./std-traits/from-and-into.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md:7
|
|
msgid "[Casting](./std-traits/casting.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md:8
|
|
msgid "[Read and Write](./std-traits/read-and-write.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md:9
|
|
msgid "[Default, struct update syntax](./std-traits/default.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md:10
|
|
msgid "[Closures](./std-traits/closures.md) (20 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md:11
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: ROT13](./std-traits/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md:13
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 40 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As with the standard-library types, spend time reviewing the documentation "
|
|
"for each trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md:21
|
|
msgid "This section is long. Take a break midway through."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These traits support comparisons between values. All traits can be derived "
|
|
"for types containing fields that implement these traits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:6
|
|
msgid "`PartialEq` and `Eq`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PartialEq` is a partial equivalence relation, with required method `eq` and "
|
|
"provided method `ne`. The `==` and `!=` operators will call these methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Eq` is a full equivalence relation (reflexive, symmetric, and transitive) "
|
|
"and implies `PartialEq`. Functions that require full equivalence will use "
|
|
"`Eq` as a trait bound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`PartialOrd` and `Ord`"
|
|
msgstr "`Read` y `Write`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PartialOrd` defines a partial ordering, with a `partial_cmp` method. It is "
|
|
"used to implement the `<`, `<=`, `>=`, and `>` operators."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:49
|
|
msgid "`Ord` is a total ordering, with `cmp` returning `Ordering`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PartialEq` can be implemented between different types, but `Eq` cannot, "
|
|
"because it is reflexive:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:69
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In practice, it's common to derive these traits, but uncommon to implement "
|
|
"them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La sobrecarga de operadores se implementa mediante _traits_ en [`std::ops`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:23
|
|
msgid "\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:30 src/memory-management/drop.md:48
|
|
msgid "Discussion points:"
|
|
msgstr "Cuestiones de debate:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:32
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful?"
|
|
msgstr "¿En qué situaciones sería útil implementar `Add` para `&Point`? "
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are overloading "
|
|
"the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading the operator for "
|
|
"`&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the call site."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Respuesta: `Add:add` consume a `self`. Si el tipo `T` para el que se "
|
|
"sobrecarga el operador no es `Copy`, deberías plantearte también sobrecargar "
|
|
"el operador para `&T`. Así se evita la clonación innecesaria en el sitio de "
|
|
"la llamada."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter of the "
|
|
"method?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"¿Por qué `Output` es un tipo asociado? ¿Se podría convertir en un parámetro "
|
|
"tipo del método?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:38
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Short answer: Function type parameters are controlled by the caller, but "
|
|
"associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementer of a "
|
|
"trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Respuesta corta: el llamador controla los parámetros tipo de la función, "
|
|
"pero los tipos asociados (como `Output`) los controla el implementador de un "
|
|
"trait ."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could implement `Add` for two different types, e.g. `impl Add<(i32, "
|
|
"i32)> for Point` would add a tuple to a `Point`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se podría implementar `Add` para dos tipos distintos; por ejemplo, `impl "
|
|
"Add<(i32, i32)> for Point` añadiría una tupla a un `Point`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types implement [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From."
|
|
"html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) to "
|
|
"facilitate type conversions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los tipos implementan [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait."
|
|
"From.html) y [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) "
|
|
"para facilitar las conversiones de tipos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:11 src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:23
|
|
msgid "\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) is "
|
|
"automatically implemented when [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"convert/trait.From.html) is implemented:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) se "
|
|
"implementa automáticamente cuando se implementa [`From`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get "
|
|
"`Into` implementation too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Por eso se suele implementar solo `From`, ya que el tipo ya habrá "
|
|
"implementado también `Into`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be "
|
|
"converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`. "
|
|
"Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ "
|
|
"implement `Into`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuando se declara un tipo de entrada de argumento de función como "
|
|
"\"cualquier elemento que se pueda convertir en `String`\", la regla es la "
|
|
"contraria y se debe usar `Into`. La función aceptará tipos que implementen "
|
|
"`From` y aquellos que _solo_ implementen `Into`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has no _implicit_ type conversions, but does support explicit casts "
|
|
"with `as`. These generally follow C semantics where those are defined."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:9
|
|
msgid "\"as u16: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:10
|
|
msgid "\"as i16: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:11
|
|
msgid "\"as u8: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The results of `as` are _always_ defined in Rust and consistent across "
|
|
"platforms. This might not match your intuition for changing sign or casting "
|
|
"to a smaller type -- check the docs, and comment for clarity."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Casting with `as` is a relatively sharp tool that is easy to use "
|
|
"incorrectly, and can be a source of subtle bugs as future maintenance work "
|
|
"changes the types that are used or the ranges of values in types. Casts are "
|
|
"best used only when the intent is to indicate unconditional truncation (e.g. "
|
|
"selecting the bottom 32 bits of a `u64` with `as u32`, regardless of what "
|
|
"was in the high bits)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For infallible casts (e.g. `u32` to `u64`), prefer using `From` or `Into` "
|
|
"over `as` to confirm that the cast is in fact infallible. For fallible "
|
|
"casts, `TryFrom` and `TryInto` are available when you want to handle casts "
|
|
"that fit differently from those that don't."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:33
|
|
msgid "Consider taking a break after this slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`as` is similar to a C++ static cast. Use of `as` in cases where data might "
|
|
"be lost is generally discouraged, or at least deserves an explanatory "
|
|
"comment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:38
|
|
msgid "This is common in casting integers to `usize` for use as an index."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Using [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and "
|
|
"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), you can "
|
|
"abstract over `u8` sources:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Usando [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) y "
|
|
"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), se puede "
|
|
"abstraer sobre fuentes `u8`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:14
|
|
msgid "b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:15
|
|
msgid "\"lines in slice: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"lines in file: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similarly, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) lets "
|
|
"you abstract over `u8` sinks:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De forma similar, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write."
|
|
"html) te permite abstraer sobre fuentes `u8`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:30
|
|
msgid "\"\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:36 src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:12
|
|
msgid "\"World\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:37
|
|
msgid "\"Logged: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md:1
|
|
msgid "The `Default` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "El trait `Default`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) trait "
|
|
"produces a default value for a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El trait [`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default."
|
|
"html) produce un valor predeterminado para un tipo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"John Smith\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md:24
|
|
msgid "\"{default_struct:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md:27
|
|
msgid "\"Y is set!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md:28
|
|
msgid "\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md:31 src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:211
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:214
|
|
msgid "\"{:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se puede implementar directamente o se puede derivar a través de "
|
|
"`#[derive(Default)]`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A derived implementation will produce a value where all fields are set to "
|
|
"their default values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Una implementación derivada producirá un valor en el que todos los campos "
|
|
"tendrán sus valores predeterminados."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md:41
|
|
msgid "This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esto significa que todos los tipos de la estructura también deberán "
|
|
"implementar `Default`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. "
|
|
"`0`, `\"\"`, etc)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los tipos estándar de Rust suelen implementar `Default` con valores "
|
|
"razonables (por ejemplo, `0`, `\"\"`, etc.)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md:44
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The partial struct initialization works nicely with default."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La copia parcial de la estructura funciona correctamente con los valores "
|
|
"predeterminados. ."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md:45
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and "
|
|
"provides convenience methods that use it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La biblioteca estándar de Rust tiene en cuenta que los tipos pueden "
|
|
"implementar `Default` y, por ello, proporciona métodos prácticos que lo "
|
|
"utilizan."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md:47
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `..` syntax is called [struct update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-instances-from-other-instances-"
|
|
"with-struct-update-syntax)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"la sintaxis `..` se denomina [sintaxis de actualización de estructuras]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-"
|
|
"instances-from-other-instances-with-struct-update-syntax)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, "
|
|
"they implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn."
|
|
"html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and "
|
|
"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los cierres o expresiones lambda tienen tipos que no pueden nombrarse. Sin "
|
|
"embargo, implementan _traits_ especiales [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/ops/trait.Fn.html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait."
|
|
"FnMut.html) y [`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce."
|
|
"html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Calling function on {input}\""
|
|
msgstr "Llamar Funciones Unsafe (Inseguras)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:16 src/std-traits/closures.md:17
|
|
msgid "\"add_3: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:24 src/std-traits/closures.md:25
|
|
msgid "\"accumulate: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:28
|
|
msgid "\"multiply_sum: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `Fn` (e.g. `add_3`) neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or "
|
|
"perhaps captures nothing at all. It can be called multiple times "
|
|
"concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un `Fn` (por ejemplo, `add_3`) no consume ni modifica los valores "
|
|
"capturados, o quizá no captura nada en absoluto. Se puede llamar varias "
|
|
"veces al mismo tiempo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `FnMut` (e.g. `accumulate`) might mutate captured values. You can call it "
|
|
"multiple times, but not concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un `FnMut` (por ejemplo, `accumulate`) puede modificar los valores "
|
|
"capturados. Se puede llamar varias veces, pero no de forma simultánea."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you have an `FnOnce` (e.g. `multiply_sum`), you may only call it once. It "
|
|
"might consume captured values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si tienes un `FnOnce` (por ejemplo, `multiply_sum`), solo puedes llamarlo "
|
|
"una vez. Puede consumir valores capturados."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. "
|
|
"I.e. you can use an `FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can "
|
|
"use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce` is called for."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`FnMut` es un subtipo de `FnOnce`, mientras que `Fn` es un subtipo de "
|
|
"`FnMut` y `FnOnce`. Es decir, puedes utilizar un `FnMut` siempre que se "
|
|
"llame a un `FnOnce`, y puedes usar un `Fn` siempre que se llame a un `FnMut` "
|
|
"o a un `FnOnce`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you define a function that takes a closure, you should take `FnOnce` if "
|
|
"you can (i.e. you call it once), or `FnMut` else, and last `Fn`. This allows "
|
|
"the most flexibility for the caller."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In contrast, when you have a closure, the most flexible you can have is `Fn` "
|
|
"(it can be passed everywhere), then `FnMut`, and lastly `FnOnce`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The compiler also infers `Copy` (e.g. for `add_3`) and `Clone` (e.g. "
|
|
"`multiply_sum`), depending on what the closure captures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El compilador también infiere `Copy` (por ejemplo, `add_3`) y `Clone` (por "
|
|
"ejemplo, `multiply_sum`), dependiendo de lo que capture el cierre."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:58
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By default, closures will capture by reference if they can. The `move` "
|
|
"keyword makes them capture by value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De forma predeterminada, los cierres capturan, si pueden, por referencia. La "
|
|
"palabra clave `move` hace que capturen por valor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:67
|
|
msgid "\"Hi\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:68
|
|
msgid "\"there\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, you will implement the classic [\"ROT13\" cipher](https://"
|
|
"en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13). Copy this code to the playground, and "
|
|
"implement the missing bits. Only rotate ASCII alphabetic characters, to "
|
|
"ensure the result is still valid UTF-8."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md:15
|
|
msgid "// Implement the `Read` trait for `RotDecoder`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md:20 src/std-traits/exercise.md:33
|
|
#: src/std-traits/solution.md:26 src/std-traits/solution.md:39
|
|
msgid "\"Gb trg gb gur bgure fvqr!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md:36 src/std-traits/solution.md:42
|
|
msgid "\"To get to the other side!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What happens if you chain two `RotDecoder` instances together, each rotating "
|
|
"by 13 characters?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/solution.md:16
|
|
msgid "'A'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:1
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 3"
|
|
msgstr "Te damos la Bienvenida al Día 3"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:3
|
|
msgid "Today, we will cover:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Memory management, lifetimes, and the borrow checker: how Rust ensures "
|
|
"memory safety."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:7
|
|
msgid "Smart pointers: standard library pointer types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:12
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-3.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:13
|
|
msgid "[Memory Management](./memory-management.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:14
|
|
msgid "[Smart Pointers](./smart-pointers.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 15 "
|
|
"minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Review of Program Memory](./memory-management/review.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Approaches to Memory Management](./memory-management/approaches.md) (10 "
|
|
"minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Ownership](./memory-management/ownership.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:7
|
|
msgid "[Move Semantics](./memory-management/move.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:8
|
|
msgid "[Clone](./memory-management/clone.md) (2 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:9
|
|
msgid "[Copy Types](./memory-management/copy-types.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:10
|
|
msgid "[Drop](./memory-management/drop.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:11
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Builder Type](./memory-management/exercise.md) (20 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:3
|
|
msgid "Programs allocate memory in two ways:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:5
|
|
msgid "Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables."
|
|
msgstr "_Stack_: Zona de memoria continua para las variables locales."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:6
|
|
msgid "Values have fixed sizes known at compile time."
|
|
msgstr "Los valores tienen tamaños fijos conocidos en tiempo de compilación."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:7
|
|
msgid "Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer."
|
|
msgstr "Muy rápida: mueve el _stack pointer_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:8
|
|
msgid "Easy to manage: follows function calls."
|
|
msgstr "Fácil de gestionar: sigue las llamadas de funciones."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:9
|
|
msgid "Great memory locality."
|
|
msgstr "Excelente localidad de memoria."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:11
|
|
msgid "Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls."
|
|
msgstr "_Heap_: almacenamiento de valores fuera de las llamadas de funciones."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:12
|
|
msgid "Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime."
|
|
msgstr "Los valores tienen tamaños dinámicos determinados en _runtime_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:13
|
|
msgid "Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed."
|
|
msgstr "Ligeramente más lento que el _stack_: requiere cierta trazabilidad."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:14
|
|
msgid "No guarantee of memory locality."
|
|
msgstr "No se puede asegurar la localidad de la memoria."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized metadata on the stack and dynamically "
|
|
"sized data, the actual string, on the heap:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Al crear un `String`, los metadatos de tamaño fijo se colocan en la _stack_ "
|
|
"y los datos de tamaño dinámico (la cadena real) en el _heap_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and "
|
|
"length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Menciona que un `String` está respaldado por un `Vec`, por lo que tiene "
|
|
"capacidad y longitud y, si es mutable, puede crecer mediante reasignación en "
|
|
"el _heap_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap "
|
|
"allocated using the [System Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/"
|
|
"struct.System.html) and custom allocators can be implemented using the "
|
|
"[Allocator API](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si los alumnos lo preguntan, puedes mencionar que la memoria subyacente "
|
|
"recibe una asignación de _heap_ mediante el [Asignador del Sistema](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System.html) y que se pueden implementar "
|
|
"asignadores personalizados mediante el [_Allocator API_](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:53
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` Rust. However, you should "
|
|
"point out that this is rightfully unsafe!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Podemos inspeccionar la disposición de la memoria con código `unsafe`. Sin "
|
|
"embargo, debes señalar que esto no es seguro."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:59 src/testing/unit-tests.md:15
|
|
msgid "' '"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:60
|
|
msgid "\"world\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:61
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n"
|
|
" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead "
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
" // undefined behavior.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md:66
|
|
msgid "\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:3
|
|
msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:"
|
|
msgstr "Tradicionalmente, los lenguajes se dividen en dos grandes categorías:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:5
|
|
msgid "Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Control total a través de la gestión manual de la memoria: C, C++, Pascal, "
|
|
"etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:6
|
|
msgid "Programmer decides when to allocate or free heap memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Programmer must determine whether a pointer still points to valid memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:8
|
|
msgid "Studies show, programmers make mistakes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, "
|
|
"Haskell, ..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Seguridad total mediante la gestión automática de la memoria en _runtime_: "
|
|
"Java, Python, Go, Haskell, etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A runtime system ensures that memory is not freed until it can no longer be "
|
|
"referenced."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Typically implemented with reference counting, garbage collection, or RAII."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:15
|
|
msgid "Rust offers a new mix:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust ofrece una mezcla de ambas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Full control _and_ safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory "
|
|
"management."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Control _y_ seguridad completa gracias a que el compilador se encarga del "
|
|
"correcto manejo de la memoria"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:20
|
|
msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para ello, se utiliza un concepto de _ownership_ (propiedad) explícito."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide is intended to help students coming from other languages to put "
|
|
"Rust in context."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C must manage heap manually with `malloc` and `free`. Common errors include "
|
|
"forgetting to call `free`, calling it multiple times for the same pointer, "
|
|
"or dereferencing a pointer after the memory it points to has been freed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C++ has tools like smart pointers (`unique_ptr`, `shared_ptr`) that take "
|
|
"advantage of language guarantees about calling destructors to ensure memory "
|
|
"is freed when a function returns. It is still quite easy to mis-use these "
|
|
"tools and create similar bugs to C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Java, Go, and Python rely on the garbage collector to identify memory that "
|
|
"is no longer reachable and discard it. This guarantees that any pointer can "
|
|
"be dereferenced, eliminating use-after-free and other classes of bugs. But, "
|
|
"GC has a runtime cost and is difficult to tune properly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust's ownership and borrowing model can, in many cases, get the performance "
|
|
"of C, with alloc and free operations precisely where they are required -- "
|
|
"zero cost. It also provides tools similar to C++'s smart pointers. When "
|
|
"required, other options such as reference counting are available, and there "
|
|
"are even third-party crates available to support runtime garbage collection "
|
|
"(not covered in this class)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error "
|
|
"to use a variable outside its scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Todos los enlaces a variables tienen un _ámbito_ donde son válidos y se "
|
|
"produce un error cuando se usan fuera de él:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We say that the variable _owns_ the value. Every Rust value has precisely "
|
|
"one owner at all times."
|
|
msgstr "Decimos que el valor _pertenece_ a la variable."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md:23
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed. A "
|
|
"destructor can run here to free up resources."
|
|
msgstr "Al final del ámbito, la variable _se elimina_ y los datos se liberan."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students familiar with garbage-collection implementations will know that a "
|
|
"garbage collector starts with a set of \"roots\" to find all reachable "
|
|
"memory. Rust's \"single owner\" principle is a similar idea."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:3
|
|
msgid "An assignment will transfer _ownership_ between variables:"
|
|
msgstr "Una asignación transferirá su _ownership_ entre variables:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Hello!\""
|
|
msgstr "¡Hola, mundo!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:9 src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:16
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"s2: {s2}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:10
|
|
msgid "// println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:14
|
|
msgid "The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership."
|
|
msgstr "La asignación de `s1` a `s2` transfiere el _ownership_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:15
|
|
msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it does not own anything."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuando `s1` queda fuera del ámbito, no ocurre nada: no le pertenece nada."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:16
|
|
msgid "When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed."
|
|
msgstr "Cuando `s2` sale del ámbito, los datos de la cadena se liberan."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:18
|
|
msgid "Before move to `s2`:"
|
|
msgstr "Antes de mover a `s2`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:35
|
|
msgid "After move to `s2`:"
|
|
msgstr "Después de mover a `s2`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n"
|
|
": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": s2 : |\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : |\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ :\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" _Stack_ _Heap_\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n"
|
|
": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": s2 : |\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : |\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ :\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:58
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function "
|
|
"parameter. This transfers ownership:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuando pasas un valor a una función, el valor se asigna al parámetro de la "
|
|
"función. Esta acción transfiere el _ownership_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:63
|
|
msgid "\"Hello {name}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:67 src/android/interoperability/java.md:57
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Alice\""
|
|
msgstr "Slices"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:69
|
|
msgid "// say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:76
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by "
|
|
"value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Menciona que es lo contrario de los valores predeterminados de C++, que se "
|
|
"copian por valor, a menos que utilices `std::move` (y que el constructor de "
|
|
"movimiento esté definido)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:79
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is only the ownership that moves. Whether any machine code is generated "
|
|
"to manipulate the data itself is a matter of optimization, and such copies "
|
|
"are aggressively optimized away."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es únicamente el ownership el que se mueve. Si se genera algún código "
|
|
"máquina para manipular los datos en sí, se trata de una cuestión de "
|
|
"optimización, y esas copias se optimizan de forma agresiva."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:83
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Simple values (such as integers) can be marked `Copy` (see later slides)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los valores simples (como los enteros) se pueden marcar como `Copy` "
|
|
"(consulta las diapositivas posteriores)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:85
|
|
msgid "In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)."
|
|
msgstr "En Rust, la clonación es explícita (usando `clone`)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:87
|
|
msgid "In the `say_hello` example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:89
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. "
|
|
"Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Con la primera llamada a `say_hello`, `main` deja de tener el _ownership_ de "
|
|
"`name`. Después, ya no se podrá usar `name` dentro de `main`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:91
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the "
|
|
"`say_hello` function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La memoria de _heap_ asignada a `name` se liberará al final de la función "
|
|
"`say_hello`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:93
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and "
|
|
"if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"main` podrá conservar el _ownership_ si pasa`name` como referencia (`&name`) "
|
|
"y si `say_hello` acepta una referencia como parámetro."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:95
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name."
|
|
"clone()`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Por otro lado, `main` puede pasar un clon de `name` en la primera llamada "
|
|
"(`name.clone()`)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:97
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move "
|
|
"semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust hace que resulte más difícil que en C++ crear copias por error al "
|
|
"definir la semántica de movimiento como predeterminada y al obligar a los "
|
|
"programadores a clonar sólo de forma explícita."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:102
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Defensive Copies in Modern C++"
|
|
msgstr "Double free en código C++ moderno"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:104
|
|
msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:"
|
|
msgstr "La versión moderna de C++ soluciona este problema de forma diferente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:107
|
|
msgid "\"Cpp\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:108
|
|
msgid "// Duplicate the data in s1.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:111
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los datos de la _stack_ de `s1` se duplican y `s2` obtiene su propia copia "
|
|
"independiente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:112
|
|
msgid "When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuando `s1` y `s2` salen del ámbito, cada uno libera su propia memoria."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:114
|
|
msgid "Before copy-assignment:"
|
|
msgstr "Antes de la asignación de copias:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:130
|
|
msgid "After copy-assignment:"
|
|
msgstr "Después de la asignación de copia:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:155
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C++ has made a slightly different choice than Rust. Because `=` copies data, "
|
|
"the string data has to be cloned. Otherwise we would get a double-free when "
|
|
"either string goes out of scope."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:159
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C++ also has [`std::move`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/move), "
|
|
"which is used to indicate when a value may be moved from. If the example had "
|
|
"been `s2 = std::move(s1)`, no heap allocation would take place. After the "
|
|
"move, `s1` would be in a valid but unspecified state. Unlike Rust, the "
|
|
"programmer is allowed to keep using `s1`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md:164
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike Rust, `=` in C++ can run arbitrary code as determined by the type "
|
|
"which is being copied or moved."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/clone.md:1
|
|
msgid "Clone"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/clone.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes you _want_ to make a copy of a value. The `Clone` trait "
|
|
"accomplishes this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/clone.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The idea of `Clone` is to make it easy to spot where heap allocations are "
|
|
"occurring. Look for `.clone()` and a few others like `Vec::new` or `Box::"
|
|
"new`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/clone.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It's common to \"clone your way out\" of problems with the borrow checker, "
|
|
"and return later to try to optimize those clones away."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aunque la semántica de movimiento es la opción predeterminada, algunos tipos "
|
|
"se copian de forma predeterminada:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:20
|
|
msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait."
|
|
msgstr "Estos tipos implementan el trait `Copy`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:22
|
|
msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puedes habilitar tus propios tipos para que usen la semántica de copia:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:38
|
|
msgid "After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Después de la asignación, tanto `p1` como `p2` tienen sus propios datos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:39
|
|
msgid "We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"También podemos utilizar `p1.clone()` para copiar los datos de forma "
|
|
"explícita."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:44
|
|
msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:"
|
|
msgstr "Copiar y clonar no es lo mismo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on "
|
|
"arbitrary objects."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copiar hace referencia a las copias bit a bit de regiones de memoria y no "
|
|
"funciona en cualquier objeto."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copiar no permite lógica personalizada (a diferencia de los constructores de "
|
|
"copias de C++)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by "
|
|
"implementing the `Clone` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Clonar es una operación más general y que permite un comportamiento "
|
|
"personalizado implementando el trait `Clone`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:51
|
|
msgid "Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait."
|
|
msgstr "Copiar no funciona en los tipos que implementan el trait `Drop`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:53
|
|
msgid "In the above example, try the following:"
|
|
msgstr "En el ejemplo anterior, prueba lo siguiente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` "
|
|
"is not a `Copy` type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Añade un campo `String` a `struct Point`. No se compilará porque `String` no "
|
|
"es de tipo `Copy`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:57
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the "
|
|
"`println!` for `p1`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Elimina `Copy` del atributo `derive`. El error del compilador se encuentra "
|
|
"ahora en `println!` para `p1`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:59
|
|
msgid "Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead."
|
|
msgstr "Demuestra que funciona si clonas `p1`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:1
|
|
msgid "The `Drop` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "El Trait `Drop`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Values which implement [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop."
|
|
"html) can specify code to run when they go out of scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los valores que implementan [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait."
|
|
"Drop.html) pueden especificar el código que se ejecutará cuando salgan del "
|
|
"ámbito:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:13
|
|
msgid "\"Dropping {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:18
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:93
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:125
|
|
msgid "\"a\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:20 src/testing/googletest.md:12
|
|
msgid "\"b\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:22
|
|
msgid "\"c\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:23
|
|
msgid "\"d\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:24
|
|
msgid "\"Exiting block B\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:26
|
|
msgid "\"Exiting block A\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:29
|
|
msgid "\"Exiting main\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:36
|
|
msgid "Note that `std::mem::drop` is not the same as `std::ops::Drop::drop`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:37
|
|
msgid "Values are automatically dropped when they go out of scope."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When a value is dropped, if it implements `std::ops::Drop` then its `Drop::"
|
|
"drop` implementation will be called."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All its fields will then be dropped too, whether or not it implements `Drop`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::mem::drop` is just an empty function that takes any value. The "
|
|
"significance is that it takes ownership of the value, so at the end of its "
|
|
"scope it gets dropped. This makes it a convenient way to explicitly drop "
|
|
"values earlier than they would otherwise go out of scope."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This can be useful for objects that do some work on `drop`: releasing locks, "
|
|
"closing files, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:50
|
|
msgid "Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?"
|
|
msgstr "¿Por qué `Drop::drop` no acepta `self`?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of the "
|
|
"block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack overflow!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Respuesta corta: si lo hiciera, se llamaría a `std::mem::drop` al final del "
|
|
"bloque, lo que daría como resultado otra llamada a `Drop::drop` y un "
|
|
"desbordamiento de la _stack_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:53
|
|
msgid "Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`."
|
|
msgstr "Prueba a sustituir `drop(a)` por `a.drop()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, we will implement a complex data type that owns all of its "
|
|
"data. We will use the \"builder pattern\" to support building a new value "
|
|
"piece-by-piece, using convenience functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:7
|
|
msgid "Fill in the missing pieces."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:22 src/memory-management/solution.md:16
|
|
msgid "/// A representation of a software package.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:34 src/memory-management/solution.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Return a representation of this package as a dependency, for use in\n"
|
|
" /// building other packages.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:37
|
|
msgid "\"1\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:40 src/memory-management/solution.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// A builder for a Package. Use `build()` to create the `Package` itself.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:46
|
|
msgid "\"2\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:49 src/memory-management/solution.md:52
|
|
msgid "/// Set the package version.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:55 src/memory-management/solution.md:58
|
|
msgid "/// Set the package authors.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:57
|
|
msgid "\"3\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:60 src/memory-management/solution.md:64
|
|
msgid "/// Add an additional dependency.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:62
|
|
msgid "\"4\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:65 src/memory-management/solution.md:70
|
|
msgid "/// Set the language. If not set, language defaults to None.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:67
|
|
msgid "\"5\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:76 src/memory-management/solution.md:82
|
|
msgid "\"base64\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:76 src/memory-management/solution.md:82
|
|
msgid "\"0.13\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:77 src/memory-management/solution.md:83
|
|
msgid "\"base64: {base64:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:79 src/memory-management/solution.md:85
|
|
msgid "\"log\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:79 src/memory-management/solution.md:85
|
|
msgid "\"0.4\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:80 src/memory-management/solution.md:86
|
|
msgid "\"log: {log:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:81 src/memory-management/solution.md:87
|
|
msgid "\"serde\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:82 src/memory-management/solution.md:88
|
|
msgid "\"djmitche\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:83 src/memory-management/solution.md:89
|
|
msgid "\"4.0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:87 src/memory-management/solution.md:93
|
|
msgid "\"serde: {serde:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/solution.md:45
|
|
msgid "\"0.1\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Box"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md:4
|
|
msgid "](./smart-pointers/box.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Rc](./smart-pointers/rc.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Binary Tree](./smart-pointers/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) is an owned "
|
|
"pointer to data on the heap:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) es un puntero "
|
|
"propio de datos en el _heap_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:9
|
|
msgid "\"five: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Box<T>` implements `Deref<Target = T>`, which means that you can [call "
|
|
"methods from `T` directly on a `Box<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/"
|
|
"trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Box<T>` implementa `Deref<Target = T>`, lo que significa que puedes [llamar "
|
|
"a métodos desde `T` directamente en un `Box<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los tipos de datos recursivos o los tipos de datos con tamaños dinámicos "
|
|
"deben utilizar un `Box`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:35
|
|
msgid "/// A non-empty list: first element and the rest of the list.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:37
|
|
msgid "/// An empty list.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:44 src/smart-pointers/box.md:98
|
|
msgid "\"{list:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:48
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"list : : :\n"
|
|
": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ +------+----"
|
|
"+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | Element | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Element | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // "
|
|
"| // | :\n"
|
|
": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ +------+----"
|
|
"+----+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" _Stack_ _Heap_\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"list : : :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:64
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be "
|
|
"not null."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Box` es igual que `std::unique_ptr` en C++, salvo que está asegurado que no "
|
|
"será nulo. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:66
|
|
msgid "A `Box` can be useful when you:"
|
|
msgstr "Un `Box` puede resultar útil en los siguientes casos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:67
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust "
|
|
"compiler wants to know an exact size."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si tienes un tipo cuyo tamaño no se conoce durante la compilación, pero el "
|
|
"compilador de Rust quiere saber el tamaño exacto."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:69
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large "
|
|
"amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` "
|
|
"so only the pointer is moved."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si quieres transferir la propiedad de una gran cantidad de datos. Para "
|
|
"evitar que se copien grandes cantidades de datos en la _stack_, almacena los "
|
|
"datos del _heap_ en un `Box` para que solo se mueva el puntero."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:73
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `Box` was not used and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the "
|
|
"`List`, the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory "
|
|
"(`List` would be of infinite size)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si no se utiliza `Box` e intentamos insertar un `List` directamente dentro "
|
|
"de `List`, el compilador no calcularía un tamaño fijo de la estructura en la "
|
|
"memoria (`List` tendría un tamaño infinito)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:77
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and "
|
|
"just points at the next element of the `List` in the heap."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Box` resuelve este problema, ya que tiene el mismo tamaño que un puntero "
|
|
"normal y solo apunta al siguiente elemento de la `List` en el _heap_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:80
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. "
|
|
"\"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or "
|
|
"reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Elimina `Box` de la definición de la lista y muestra el error del "
|
|
"compilador. \"Recursivo con indirección\" es una sugerencia de que puedes "
|
|
"usar un Box o referencia de algún tipo, en lugar de almacenar un valor "
|
|
"directamente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:86
|
|
msgid "Niche Optimization"
|
|
msgstr "Optimización de la Memoria"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:102
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This "
|
|
"allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Box` no puede estar vacío, por lo que el puntero siempre es válido y no "
|
|
"`null`. Esto permite que el compilador optimice el diseño de la memoria:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:105
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": list : : :\n"
|
|
": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | Element | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Element | 2 | // | :\n"
|
|
": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" _Stack_ _Heap_\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"list : : :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) is a reference-"
|
|
"counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer to the same data "
|
|
"from multiple places:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) es un puntero "
|
|
"compartido de referencia contada. Utilízalo cuando necesites hacer "
|
|
"referencia a los mismos datos desde varios lugares:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:13
|
|
msgid "\"a: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"b: {b}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) and [`Mutex`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) if you are in a multi-threaded "
|
|
"context."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consulta [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) y [`Mutex`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) si te encuentras en un contexto "
|
|
"multihilo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can _downgrade_ a shared pointer into a [`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) pointer to create cycles that will get dropped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puedes _degradar_ un puntero compartido en un puntero [`Weak`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) para crear ciclos que se abandonarán."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there "
|
|
"are references."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El recuento de `Rc` asegura que el valor que contiene sea válido mientras "
|
|
"haya referencias."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:32
|
|
msgid "`Rc` in Rust is like `std::shared_ptr` in C++."
|
|
msgstr "`Rc` en Rust es como `std::shared_ptr` en C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and "
|
|
"increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally "
|
|
"be ignored when looking for performance issues in code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Rc::clone` es simple: crea un puntero en la misma asignación y aumenta el "
|
|
"recuento de referencias. No hace clones completos y, por lo general, se "
|
|
"puede ignorar cuando se buscan problemas de rendimiento en el código."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") "
|
|
"and returns a mutable reference."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`make_mut` clona el valor interno si es necesario (\"copiar al escribir\") y "
|
|
"devuelve una referencia mutable."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:38
|
|
msgid "Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count."
|
|
msgstr "Comprueba el recuento de referencias con `Rc::strong_count`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:39
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc::downgrade` gives you a _weakly reference-counted_ object to create "
|
|
"cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with `RefCell`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Rc::downgrade` ofrece un objeto _de referencia contada baja_ para crear "
|
|
"`Rc::downgrade` ofrece un objeto de _referencia contada débil_ para crear "
|
|
"`RefCell`)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A binary tree is a tree-type data structure where every node has two "
|
|
"children (left and right). We will create a tree where each node stores a "
|
|
"value. For a given node N, all nodes in a N's left subtree contain smaller "
|
|
"values, and all nodes in N's right subtree will contain larger values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:8
|
|
msgid "Implement the following types, so that the given tests pass."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Extra Credit: implement an iterator over a binary tree that returns the "
|
|
"values in order."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:14 src/smart-pointers/solution.md:5
|
|
msgid "/// A node in the binary tree.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:21 src/smart-pointers/solution.md:13
|
|
msgid "/// A possibly-empty subtree.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:25 src/smart-pointers/solution.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// A container storing a set of values, using a binary tree.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// If the same value is added multiple times, it is only stored once.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:33
|
|
msgid "// Implement `new`, `insert`, `len`, and `has`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:48 src/smart-pointers/solution.md:105
|
|
msgid "// not a unique item\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/solution.md:89 src/testing/googletest.md:11
|
|
msgid "\"bar\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Borrowing](./borrowing.md) (1 hour)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Slices and Lifetimes](./slices-and-lifetimes.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 20 "
|
|
"minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Borrowing a Value](./borrowing/shared.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Borrow Checking](./borrowing/borrowck.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Interior Mutability](./borrowing/interior-mutability.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing.md:7
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Health Statistics](./borrowing/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As we saw before, instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, "
|
|
"you can let a function _borrow_ the value:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En lugar de transferir el _ownership_ al llamar a una función, puedes "
|
|
"permitir que una función _tome prestado_ el valor:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:24
|
|
msgid "The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point."
|
|
msgstr "La función `add` _toma prestados_ dos puntos y devuelve uno nuevo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:25
|
|
msgid "The caller retains ownership of the inputs."
|
|
msgstr "El llamador conserva el _ownership_ de las entradas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide is a review of the material on references from day 1, expanding "
|
|
"slightly to include function arguments and return values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:35
|
|
msgid "Notes on stack returns:"
|
|
msgstr "Notas sobre la devolución de resultados de la _stack_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can "
|
|
"eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses "
|
|
"and run it on the [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=release&edition=2021&gist=0cb13be1c05d7e3446686ad9947c4671) "
|
|
"or look at the assembly in [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). In the "
|
|
"\"DEBUG\" optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay "
|
|
"the same when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Demuestra que la instrucción de retorno de `add` es fácil porque el "
|
|
"compilador puede eliminar la operación de copia. Cambia el código anterior "
|
|
"para imprimir las direcciones de la _stack_ y ejecutarlas en el [Playground]"
|
|
"(https://play.rust-lang.org/) o consulta el ensamblador en [Godbolt](https://"
|
|
"rust.godbolt.org/). En el nivel de optimización \"DEBUG\", las direcciones "
|
|
"deberían cambiar. Sin embargo, deberían mantenerse igual modificar la "
|
|
"configuración \"RELEASE\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:63
|
|
msgid "The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El compilador de Rust puede hacer la optimización del valor devuelto (RVO)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because "
|
|
"constructors can have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at all. If "
|
|
"RVO did not happen, Rust will always perform a simple and efficient `memcpy` "
|
|
"copy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En C++, la elisión de copia tiene que definirse en la especificación del "
|
|
"lenguaje, ya que los constructores pueden tener efectos secundarios. En "
|
|
"Rust, esto no supone ningún problema. Si no hay RVO, Rust siempre realizará "
|
|
"una copia `memcpy` simple y eficiente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust's _borrow checker_ puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values. "
|
|
"For a given value, at any time:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust limita las formas en que se pueden tomar prestados valores:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can have one or more shared references to the value, _or_"
|
|
msgstr "Puedes tener uno o varios valores `&T` en un momento dado, _o_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can have exactly one exclusive reference to the value."
|
|
msgstr "puedes tener exactamente un valor `&mut T`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that the requirement is that conflicting references not _exist_ at the "
|
|
"same point. It does not matter where the reference is dereferenced."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through "
|
|
"`c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El código anterior no se compila porque `a` se toma prestada como mutable (a "
|
|
"través de `c`) y como inmutable (a través de `b`) al mismo tiempo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` "
|
|
"to make the code compile."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Mueve la instrucción `println!` de `b` antes del ámbito que introduce `c` "
|
|
"para que el código compile."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before "
|
|
"the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow "
|
|
"checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Después de ese cambio, el compilador se da cuenta de que `b` solo se usa "
|
|
"antes del nuevo préstamo mutable de `a` a través de `c`. Se trata de una "
|
|
"función del verificador de préstamos denominada \"tiempo de vida no léxico\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The exclusive reference constraint is quite strong. Rust uses it to ensure "
|
|
"that data races do not occur. Rust also _relies_ on this constraint to "
|
|
"optimize code. For example, a value behind a shared reference can be safely "
|
|
"cached in a register for the lifetime of that reference."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The borrow checker is designed to accommodate many common patterns, such as "
|
|
"taking exclusive references to different fields in a struct at the same "
|
|
"time. But, there are some situations where it doesn't quite \"get it\" and "
|
|
"this often results in \"fighting with the borrow checker.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In some situations, it's necessary to modify data behind a shared (read-"
|
|
"only) reference. For example, a shared data structure might have an internal "
|
|
"cache, and wish to update that cache from read-only methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"interior mutability\" pattern allows exclusive (mutable) access behind "
|
|
"a shared reference. The standard library provides several ways to do this, "
|
|
"all while still ensuring safety, typically by performing a runtime check."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`RefCell`"
|
|
msgstr "`RefCell<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:41
|
|
msgid "\"graph: {root:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:42
|
|
msgid "\"graph sum: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:46
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Cell`"
|
|
msgstr "`Cell<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Cell` wraps a value and allows getting or setting the value, even with a "
|
|
"shared reference to the `Cell`. However, it does not allow any references to "
|
|
"the value. Since there are no references, borrowing rules cannot be broken."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The main thing to take away from this slide is that Rust provides _safe_ "
|
|
"ways to modify data behind a shared reference. There are a variety of ways "
|
|
"to ensure that safety, and `RefCell` and `Cell` are two of them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`RefCell` enforces Rust's usual borrowing rules (either multiple shared "
|
|
"references or a single exclusive reference) with a runtime check. In this "
|
|
"case, all borrows are very short and never overlap, so the checks always "
|
|
"succeed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc` only allows shared (read-only) access to its contents, since its "
|
|
"purpose is to allow (and count) many references. But we want to modify the "
|
|
"value, so we need interior mutability."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:68
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Cell` is a simpler means to ensure safety: it has a `set` method that takes "
|
|
"`&self`. This needs no runtime check, but requires moving values, which can "
|
|
"have its own cost."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:72
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate that reference loops can be created by adding `root` to `subtree."
|
|
"children`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Demuestra que se pueden crear bucles de referencia añadiendo `root` a "
|
|
"`subtree.children` (¡no intentes imprimirlo!)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:75
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To demonstrate a runtime panic, add a `fn inc(&mut self)` that increments "
|
|
"`self.value` and calls the same method on its children. This will panic in "
|
|
"the presence of the reference loop, with `thread 'main' panicked at 'already "
|
|
"borrowed: BorrowMutError'`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para demostrar un pánico en tiempo de ejecución, añade un `fn inc(&mut "
|
|
"self)` que incremente `self.value` y llame al mismo método en sus hijos. "
|
|
"Esto entrará en pánico en presencia del bucle de referencia, con `thread "
|
|
"'main' panicked at 'already borrowed: BorrowMutError'`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, "
|
|
"you need to keep track of users' health statistics."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Estás trabajando en la implementación de un sistema de monitorización de "
|
|
"salud. Por ello, debes realizar un seguimiento de las estadísticas de salud "
|
|
"de los usuarios."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You'll start with a stubbed function in an `impl` block as well as a `User` "
|
|
"struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out method on the "
|
|
"`User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Comenzarás con algunas funciones stub en un bloque `impl`, así como con una "
|
|
"definición de estructura `User`. Tu objetivo es implementar métodos con "
|
|
"stubs en la `struct` `User` definida en el bloque `impl`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
|
|
"method:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copia el fragmento de código que aparece más abajo en la página <https://"
|
|
"play.rust-lang.org/> y rellena los métodos que faltan:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Update a user's statistics based on measurements from a visit to the "
|
|
"doctor\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md:56 src/borrowing/exercise.md:62
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md:68 src/borrowing/solution.md:58
|
|
#: src/borrowing/solution.md:64 src/borrowing/solution.md:70
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:44 src/android/aidl/client.md:22
|
|
msgid "\"Bob\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md:57 src/borrowing/solution.md:59
|
|
msgid "\"I'm {} and my age is {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Slices: &\\[T\\]](./slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:5
|
|
msgid "[String References](./slices-and-lifetimes/str.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Lifetime Annotations](./slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md) (10 "
|
|
"minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Lifetime Elision](./slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Struct Lifetimes](./slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Protobuf Parsing](./slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:1
|
|
msgid "Slices"
|
|
msgstr "Slices"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:3
|
|
msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:"
|
|
msgstr "Un _slice_ ofrece una visión de una colección más amplia:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:18
|
|
msgid "Slices borrow data from the sliced type."
|
|
msgstr "Los slices toman prestados datos del tipo slice."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:19
|
|
msgid "Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]` right before printing `s`?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pregunta: ¿Qué ocurre si se modifica `a[3]` justo antes de imprimir `s`?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending "
|
|
"indexes in brackets."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Creamos un slice tomando prestado `a` y especificando entre paréntesis los "
|
|
"índices de inicio y de fin."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the "
|
|
"starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are "
|
|
"identical."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si el slice comienza en el índice 0, la sintaxis de rango de Rust nos "
|
|
"permite eliminar el índice inicial, lo que significa que `&a[0..a.len()]` y "
|
|
"`&a[..a.len()]` son idénticos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are "
|
|
"identical."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Lo mismo ocurre con el último índice, por lo que `&a[2..a.len()]` y "
|
|
"`&a[2..]` son idénticos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para crear fácilmente un slice del array completo, podemos usar `&a[..]`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` "
|
|
"(`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform "
|
|
"computation on slices of different sizes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`s` es una referencia a un slice de `i32`s. Ten en cuenta que el tipo de `s` "
|
|
"(`&[i32]`) ya no menciona la longitud del array. Esto nos permite realizar "
|
|
"cálculos en slices de diferentes tamaños."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:40
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain "
|
|
"'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los slices siempre tienen préstamos de otros objetos. En este ejemplo, `a` "
|
|
"tiene que permanecer \"con vida\" (en el ámbito) al menos durante el tiempo "
|
|
"que dure el slice. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:43
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but "
|
|
"the answer is that for memory safety reasons you cannot do it through `a` at "
|
|
"this point in the execution, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` "
|
|
"safely. It works before you created the slice, and again after the "
|
|
"`println`, when the slice is no longer used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La cuestión sobre la modificación de `a[3]` puede suscitar un debate "
|
|
"interesante, pero la respuesta es que, por razones de seguridad de memoria, "
|
|
"no se puede hacer mediante `a` en este punto de la ejecución, pero sí se "
|
|
"pueden leer los datos de `a` y `s` de forma segura. Funciona antes de crear "
|
|
"el slice y después de `println`, cuando el slice ya no se utiliza. En la "
|
|
"sección que trata sobre el _borrow checker_ se dará más información."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can now understand the two string types in Rust: `&str` is almost like "
|
|
"`&[char]`, but with its data stored in a variable-length encoding (UTF-8)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:13
|
|
msgid "\"s1: {s1}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:15
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Hello \""
|
|
msgstr "¡Hola, mundo!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:21
|
|
msgid "\"s3: {s3}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:25
|
|
msgid "Rust terminology:"
|
|
msgstr "Terminología de Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:27
|
|
msgid "`&str` an immutable reference to a string slice."
|
|
msgstr "`&str` es una referencia inmutable a un slice de una cadena."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:28
|
|
msgid "`String` a mutable string buffer."
|
|
msgstr "`String` es un búfer de cadena mutable."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 "
|
|
"encoded string data stored in a block of memory. String literals "
|
|
"(`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&str` introduce un slice de cadena, que es una referencia inmutable a los "
|
|
"datos de cadena codificados en UTF-8 y almacenados en un bloque de memoria. "
|
|
"Los literales de cadena (`\"Hello\"`) se almacenan en el binario del "
|
|
"programa."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a "
|
|
"`Vec<T>`, it is owned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El tipo `String` de Rust es un envoltorio que rodea a un vector de bytes. "
|
|
"Como sucede con `Vec<T>`, tiene propiedad."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:40
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string "
|
|
"literal; `String::new()` creates a new empty string, to which string data "
|
|
"can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Al igual que ocurre con muchos otros tipos, `String::from()` crea una cadena "
|
|
"a partir de un literal de cadena. `String::new()` crea una cadena vacía a la "
|
|
"que se pueden añadir los datos de la cadena mediante los métodos `push()` y "
|
|
"`push_str()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:44
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from "
|
|
"dynamic values. It accepts the same format specification as `println!()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La macro `format!()` es una forma práctica de generar una cadena propia a "
|
|
"partir de valores dinámicos. Acepta la misma especificación de formato que "
|
|
"`println!()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range "
|
|
"selection. If you select a byte range that is not aligned to character "
|
|
"boundaries, the expression will panic. The `chars` iterator iterates over "
|
|
"characters and is preferred over trying to get character boundaries right."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:52
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `std::string_view` from C++, but the "
|
|
"one that always points to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough "
|
|
"equivalent of `std::string` from C++ (main difference: it can only contain "
|
|
"UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para los programadores de C++: piensa en `&str` como el `const char*` de C+"
|
|
"+, pero el que siempre apunta a una cadena válida en la memoria. `String` de "
|
|
"Rust es parecido a `std::string` de C++ (la diferencia principal es que "
|
|
"solo puede contener bytes codificados en UTF-8 y nunca utilizará una "
|
|
"optimización de cadena pequeña)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:57
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Byte strings literals allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:"
|
|
msgstr "Las cadenas de bytes te permiten crear un valor `&[u8]` directamente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A reference has a _lifetime_, which must not \"outlive\" the value it refers "
|
|
"to. This is verified by the borrow checker."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The lifetime can be implicit - this is what we have seen so far. Lifetimes "
|
|
"can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`. Lifetimes start with "
|
|
"`'` and `'a` is a typical default name. Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed "
|
|
"`Point` which is valid for at least the lifetime `a`\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime "
|
|
"yourself. Explicit lifetime annotations create constraints where there is "
|
|
"ambiguity; the compiler verifies that there is a valid solution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las anotaciones durante el tiempo de vida crean restricciones. El compilador "
|
|
"verifica que hay una solución válida."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Lifetimes become more complicated when considering passing values to and "
|
|
"returning values from functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:36
|
|
msgid "// What is the lifetime of p3?\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:37
|
|
msgid "\"p3: {p3:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, the the compiler does not know what lifetime to infer for "
|
|
"`p3`. Looking inside the function body shows that it can only safely assume "
|
|
"that `p3`'s lifetime is the shorter of `p1` and `p2`. But just like types, "
|
|
"Rust requires explicit annotations of lifetimes on function arguments and "
|
|
"return values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:50
|
|
msgid "Add `'a` appropriately to `left_most`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This says, \"given p1 and p2 which both outlive `'a`, the return value lives "
|
|
"for at least `'a`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In common cases, lifetimes can be elided, as described on the next slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:1
|
|
msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls"
|
|
msgstr "Tiempos de Vida en Llamadas a Función"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Lifetimes for function arguments and return values must be fully specified, "
|
|
"but Rust allows lifetimes to be elided in most cases with [a few simple "
|
|
"rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html). This is not "
|
|
"inference -- it is just a syntactic shorthand."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El tiempo de vida de los argumentos de las funciones y los valores devueltos "
|
|
"deben especificarse por completo, pero Rust permite que se puedan eludir en "
|
|
"la mayoría de los casos con [unas sencillas reglas](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:8
|
|
msgid "Each argument which does not have a lifetime annotation is given one."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If there is only one argument lifetime, it is given to all un-annotated "
|
|
"return values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If there are multiple argument lifetimes, but the first one is for `self`, "
|
|
"that lifetime is given to all un-annotated return values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:53
|
|
msgid "In this example, `cab_distance` is trivially elided."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `nearest` function provides another example of a function with multiple "
|
|
"references in its arguments that requires explicit annotation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:58
|
|
msgid "Try adjusting the signature to \"lie\" about the lifetimes returned:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This won't compile, demonstrating that the annotations are checked for "
|
|
"validity by the compiler. Note that this is not the case for raw pointers "
|
|
"(unsafe), and this is a common source of errors with unsafe Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:68
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students may ask when to use lifetimes. Rust borrows _always_ have "
|
|
"lifetimes. Most of the time, elision and type inference mean these don't "
|
|
"need to be written out. In more complicated cases, lifetime annotations can "
|
|
"help resolve ambiguity. Often, especially when prototyping, it's easier to "
|
|
"just work with owned data by cloning values where necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:1
|
|
msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures"
|
|
msgstr "Tiempos de vida en estructuras de datos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si un tipo de datos almacena datos prestados, se debe anotar con tiempo de "
|
|
"vida:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:10
|
|
msgid "\"Bye {text}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:17
|
|
msgid "// erase(text);\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"{fox:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"{dog:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data "
|
|
"underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of "
|
|
"`Highlight` that uses that data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En el ejemplo anterior, la anotación en `Highlight` hace que los datos "
|
|
"subyacentes a la `&str` contenida tengan al menos la misma duración que "
|
|
"cualquier instancia de `Highlight` que utilice esos datos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), "
|
|
"the borrow checker throws an error."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si `text` se consume antes de que acabe el tiempo de vida de `fox` (o "
|
|
"`dog`), el _borrow checker_ (verificador de préstamos) muestra un error."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This "
|
|
"can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them "
|
|
"somewhat harder to use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los tipos con datos prestados (_borrowed_) obligan a los usuarios a "
|
|
"conservar los datos originales. Esto puede ser útil para crear vistas "
|
|
"ligeras aunque, por lo general, hace que sean un poco más difíciles de usar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:34
|
|
msgid "When possible, make data structures own their data directly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Siempre que sea posible, haz que las estructuras de datos sean propietarias "
|
|
"directas de sus datos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime "
|
|
"annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe lifetime "
|
|
"relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the lifetime "
|
|
"of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Algunas estructuras con varias referencias dentro pueden tener más de una "
|
|
"anotación de tiempo de vida. Esto puede ser necesario si hay que describir "
|
|
"las relaciones de tiempo de vida entre las propias referencias, además del "
|
|
"tiempo de vida de la propia estructura. Estos son casos prácticos muy "
|
|
"avanzados."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you will build a parser for the [protobuf binary encoding]"
|
|
"(https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/). Don't worry, it's "
|
|
"simpler than it seems! This illustrates a common parsing pattern, passing "
|
|
"slices of data. The underlying data itself is never copied."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Fully parsing a protobuf message requires knowing the types of the fields, "
|
|
"indexed by their field numbers. That is typically provided in a `proto` "
|
|
"file. In this exercise, we'll encode that information into `match` "
|
|
"statements in functions that get called for each field."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We'll use the following proto:"
|
|
msgstr "Puedes usar el siguiente archivo `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A proto message is encoded as a series of fields, one after the next. Each "
|
|
"is implemented as a \"tag\" followed by the value. The tag contains a field "
|
|
"number (e.g., `2` for the `id` field of a `Person` message) and a wire type "
|
|
"defining how the payload should be determined from the byte stream."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Integers, including the tag, are represented with a variable-length encoding "
|
|
"called VARINT. Luckily, `parse_varint` is defined for you below. The given "
|
|
"code also defines callbacks to handle `Person` and `PhoneNumber` fields, and "
|
|
"to parse a message into a series of calls to those callbacks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What remains for you is to implement the `parse_field` function and the "
|
|
"`ProtoMessage` trait for `Person` and `PhoneNumber`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:49
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:11
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid varint\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:51
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:13
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid wire-type\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:53
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:15
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected EOF\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:55
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:17
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid length\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:57
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected wire-type)\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:59
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:21
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid string (not UTF-8)\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:62
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:24
|
|
msgid "/// A wire type as seen on the wire.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:65
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:27
|
|
msgid "/// The Varint WireType indicates the value is a single VARINT.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:67
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"//I64, -- not needed for this exercise\n"
|
|
" /// The Len WireType indicates that the value is a length represented as "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// VARINT followed by exactly that number of bytes.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:71
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// The I32 WireType indicates that the value is precisely 4 bytes in\n"
|
|
" /// little-endian order containing a 32-bit signed integer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:76
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:38
|
|
msgid "/// A field's value, typed based on the wire type.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:80
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:42
|
|
msgid "//I64(i64), -- not needed for this exercise\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:85
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:47
|
|
msgid "/// A field, containing the field number and its value.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:102
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:64
|
|
msgid "//1 => WireType::I64, -- not needed for this exercise\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:132
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:94
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Parse a VARINT, returning the parsed value and the remaining bytes.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:140
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:102
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// This is the last byte of the VARINT, so convert it to\n"
|
|
" // a u64 and return it.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:150
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:112
|
|
msgid "// More than 7 bytes is invalid.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:153
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:115
|
|
msgid "/// Convert a tag into a field number and a WireType.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:161
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:122
|
|
msgid "/// Parse a field, returning the remaining bytes\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:167
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Based on the wire type, build a Field, consuming as many bytes as "
|
|
"necessary.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:169
|
|
msgid "\"Return the field, and any un-consumed bytes.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:171
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:153
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Parse a message in the given data, calling `T::add_field` for each field "
|
|
"in\n"
|
|
"/// the message.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// The entire input is consumed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:198
|
|
msgid "// TODO: Implement ProtoMessage for Person and PhoneNumber.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:146
|
|
msgid "// Unwrap error because `value` is definitely 4 bytes long.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:187
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:198
|
|
msgid "// skip everything else\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:225
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:232
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:239
|
|
msgid "b\"hello\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:1
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 4"
|
|
msgstr "Bienvenido al Día 4"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Today we will cover topics relating to building large-scale software in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Hoy vamos a tratar algunos temas más avanzados de Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:5
|
|
msgid "Iterators: a deep dive on the `Iterator` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:6
|
|
msgid "Modules and visibility."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Testing."
|
|
msgstr "Probando"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:8
|
|
msgid "Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Gestión de errores: _panics_ (pánicos), `Result` y el operador _try_ `?`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe Rust: the escape hatch when you can't express yourself in safe Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:14
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-4.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:15
|
|
msgid "[Iterators](./iterators.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:16
|
|
msgid "[Modules](./modules.md) (40 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:17
|
|
msgid "[Testing](./testing.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Iterator](./iterators/iterator.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators.md:5
|
|
msgid "[IntoIterator](./iterators/intoiterator.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators.md:6
|
|
msgid "[FromIterator](./iterators/fromiterator.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Iterator Method Chaining](./iterators/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) "
|
|
"trait supports iterating over values in a collection. It requires a `next` "
|
|
"method and provides lots of methods. Many standard library types implement "
|
|
"`Iterator`, and you can implement it yourself, too:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md:31
|
|
msgid "\"fib({i}): {n}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md:39
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming "
|
|
"operations over collections (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is "
|
|
"the trait where you can find all the documentation about them. In Rust these "
|
|
"functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative "
|
|
"implementations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El trait `Iterator` implementa muchas operaciones comunes de programación "
|
|
"funcional en colecciones (por ejemplo, `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc.). "
|
|
"Este es el trait que te permite encontrar toda la documentación sobre ellas. "
|
|
"En Rust, estas funciones deberían generar un código tan eficiente como las "
|
|
"implementaciones imperativas equivalentes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by "
|
|
"collection types such as `Vec<T>` and references to them such as `&Vec<T>` "
|
|
"and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it. This is why you can iterate over a "
|
|
"vector with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`IntoIterator` es el trait que hace que los bucles funcionen. Se implementa "
|
|
"a través de tipos de colecciones, como `Vec<T>`, y de referencias a ellas, "
|
|
"como `&Vec<T>` y `&[T]`. Los rangos también lo implementan. Esta es la razón "
|
|
"por la que se puede iterar sobre un vector con `for i in some_vec { .. }`, "
|
|
"pero `some_vec.next()` no existe."
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an "
|
|
"iterator. The related trait [`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) defines how to create an iterator for a type. "
|
|
"It is used automatically by the `for` loop."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El trait `Iterator` te indica cómo _iterar_ una vez que has creado un "
|
|
"iterador. El trait relacionado `IntoIterator` indica cómo crear el iterador:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:49
|
|
msgid "\"point = {x}, {y}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:57
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Click through to the docs for `IntoIterator`. Every implementation of "
|
|
"`IntoIterator` must declare two types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La sintaxis aquí significa que cada implementación de `IntoIterator` debe "
|
|
"declarar dos tipos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:60
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Item`: the type to iterate over, such as `i8`,"
|
|
msgstr "`Item`: el tipo sobre el que iteramos, como `i8`,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:61
|
|
msgid "`IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method."
|
|
msgstr "`IntoIter`: el tipo `Iterator` devuelto por el método `into_iter`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same "
|
|
"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option<Item>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ten en cuenta que `IntoIter` y `Item` están vinculados: el iterador debe "
|
|
"tener el mismo tipo de `Item`, lo que significa que devuelve `Option<Item>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:66
|
|
msgid "The example iterates over all combinations of x and y coordinates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:68
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try iterating over the grid twice in `main`. Why does this fail? Note that "
|
|
"`IntoIterator::into_iter` takes ownership of `self`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:71
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Fix this issue by implementing `IntoIterator` for `&Grid` and storing a "
|
|
"reference to the `Grid` in `GridIter`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:74
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The same problem can occur for standard library types: `for e in "
|
|
"some_vector` will take ownership of `some_vector` and iterate over owned "
|
|
"elements from that vector. Use `for e in &some_vector` instead, to iterate "
|
|
"over references to elements of `some_vector`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:1
|
|
msgid "FromIterator"
|
|
msgstr "FromIterator"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) "
|
|
"lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) "
|
|
"permite construir una colección a partir de un [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:9
|
|
msgid "\"prime_squares: {prime_squares:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Iterator` implements"
|
|
msgstr "`Iterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:25
|
|
msgid "There are two ways to specify `B` for this method:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With the \"turbofish\": `some_iterator.collect::<COLLECTION_TYPE>()`, as "
|
|
"shown. The `_` shorthand used here lets Rust infer the type of the `Vec` "
|
|
"elements."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With type inference: `let prime_squares: Vec<_> = some_iterator.collect()`. "
|
|
"Rewrite the example to use this form."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:32
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There are basic implementations of `FromIterator` for `Vec`, `HashMap`, etc. "
|
|
"There are also more specialized implementations which let you do cool things "
|
|
"like convert an `Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` into a `Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"También hay implementaciones que permiten hacer cosas interesantes, como "
|
|
"convertir un `Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` en un `Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/exercise.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you will need to find and use some of the provided methods "
|
|
"in the [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) "
|
|
"trait to implement a complex calculation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se puede implementar el trait [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"iter/trait.Iterator.html) en tus propios tipos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/exercise.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and make the tests "
|
|
"pass. Use an iterator expression and `collect` the result to construct the "
|
|
"return value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copia el siguiente fragmento de código en la página <https://play.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/> para hacer la prueba. Prueba a no asignar un `Vec` a los resultados "
|
|
"intermedios:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/exercise.md:11 src/iterators/solution.md:4
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Calculate the differences between elements of `values` offset by "
|
|
"`offset`,\n"
|
|
"/// wrapping around from the end of `values` to the beginning.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// Element `n` of the result is `values[(n+offset)%len] - values[n]`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Modules](./modules/modules.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Filesystem Hierarchy](./modules/filesystem.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Visibility](./modules/visibility.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:7
|
|
msgid "[use, super, self](./modules/paths.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Modules for a GUI Library](./modules/exercise.md) (15 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:10
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 40 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md:3
|
|
msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Hemos visto cómo los bloques `impl` nos permiten asignar espacios de nombres "
|
|
"de funciones a un tipo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md:5
|
|
msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Del mismo modo, `mod` nos permite asignar espacios de nombres a funciones y "
|
|
"tipos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md:10
|
|
msgid "\"In the foo module\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md:16
|
|
msgid "\"In the bar module\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that "
|
|
"describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los paquetes ofrecen funciones e incluyen un archivo `Cargo.toml` que "
|
|
"describe cómo compilar un paquete de más de un crate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and "
|
|
"a library crate compiles to a library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los crates son un árbol de módulos, donde un crate binario crea un "
|
|
"ejecutable y un crate de biblioteca compila una biblioteca."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md:33
|
|
msgid "Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los módulos definen la organización y el ámbito, y son el centro de esta "
|
|
"sección."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Omitting the module content will tell Rust to look for it in another file:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Omitir el contenido del módulo hará que Rust lo busque en otro archivo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This tells rust that the `garden` module content is found at `src/garden."
|
|
"rs`. Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at `src/garden/"
|
|
"vegetables.rs`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esto indica que el contenido del módulo `garden` se encuentra en `src/garden."
|
|
"rs`. Del mismo modo, el módulo `garden::vegetables` se encuentra en `src/"
|
|
"garden/vegetables.rs`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:13
|
|
msgid "The `crate` root is in:"
|
|
msgstr "La raíz de `crate` está en:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:15
|
|
msgid "`src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)"
|
|
msgstr "`src/lib.rs` (para un crate de biblioteca)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:16
|
|
msgid "`src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)"
|
|
msgstr "`src/main.rs` (para un crate binario)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc "
|
|
"comments\". These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a "
|
|
"module."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los módulos definidos en archivos también se pueden documentar mediante "
|
|
"\"comentarios internos del documento\". En ellos se indica el elemento que "
|
|
"los contiene, en este caso, un módulo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant "
|
|
"germination\n"
|
|
"//! implementation.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:24
|
|
msgid "// Re-export types from this module.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:28
|
|
msgid "/// Sow the given seed packets.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:33
|
|
msgid "/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Before Rust 2018, modules needed to be located at `module/mod.rs` instead of "
|
|
"`module.rs`, and this is still a working alternative for editions after 2018."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Antes de Rust 2018, los módulos debían ubicarse en `module/mod.rs` en lugar "
|
|
"de en `module.rs`. Esta alternativa sigue existiendo en las ediciones "
|
|
"posteriores a 2018."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The main reason to introduce `filename.rs` as alternative to `filename/mod."
|
|
"rs` was because many files named `mod.rs` can be hard to distinguish in IDEs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El principal motivo de introducir `filename.rs` en lugar de `filename/mod."
|
|
"rs` se debe a que si muchos archivos llamados `mod.rs` puede ser difícil "
|
|
"distinguirlos en IDEs."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:49
|
|
msgid "Deeper nesting can use folders, even if the main module is a file:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un anidamiento más profundo puede usar carpetas, incluso si el módulo "
|
|
"principal es un archivo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The place rust will look for modules can be changed with a compiler "
|
|
"directive:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El lugar donde Rust buscará los módulos se puede cambiar con una directiva "
|
|
"del compilador:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:62
|
|
msgid "\"some/path.rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:66
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module "
|
|
"in a file named `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esto resulta útil, por ejemplo, si deseas colocar pruebas de un módulo en un "
|
|
"archivo denominado `some_module_test.rs`, similar a la convención en Go."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:3
|
|
msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:"
|
|
msgstr "Los módulos marcan el límite de la privacidad:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:5
|
|
msgid "Module items are private by default (hides implementation details)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los elementos del módulo son privados de forma predeterminada (se ocultan "
|
|
"los detalles de implementación)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:6
|
|
msgid "Parent and sibling items are always visible."
|
|
msgstr "Los elementos superiores y los del mismo nivel siempre están visibles."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all "
|
|
"the descendants of `foo`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es decir, si un elemento está visible en el módulo `foo`, se verá en todos "
|
|
"los elementos descendientes de `foo`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:13
|
|
msgid "\"outer::private\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:17
|
|
msgid "\"outer::public\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:22
|
|
msgid "\"outer::inner::private\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:26
|
|
msgid "\"outer::inner::public\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:40
|
|
msgid "Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public."
|
|
msgstr "Haz que los módulos sean públicos con la palabra clave `pub`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope "
|
|
"of public visibility."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Además, hay especificadores `pub(...)` avanzados para restringir el ámbito "
|
|
"de la visibilidad pública."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-"
|
|
"privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consulta el libro [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/"
|
|
"visibility-and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:47
|
|
msgid "Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern."
|
|
msgstr "Configurar la visibilidad de `pub(crate)` es un patrón común."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:48
|
|
msgid "Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aunque es menos frecuente, se puede dar visibilidad a una ruta específica."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of "
|
|
"its descendants)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En cualquier caso, se debe dar visibilidad a un módulo antecedente (y a "
|
|
"todos sus descendientes)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:1
|
|
msgid "use, super, self"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`. You "
|
|
"will typically see something like this at the top of each module:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un módulo puede incluir símbolos de otro módulo en el ámbito con `use`. "
|
|
"Normalmente, se ve algo como esto en la parte superior de cada módulo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:11
|
|
msgid "Paths"
|
|
msgstr "Rutas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:13
|
|
msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:"
|
|
msgstr "Las rutas se resuelven de la siguiente manera:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:15
|
|
msgid "As a relative path:"
|
|
msgstr "Como ruta relativa:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:16
|
|
msgid "`foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,"
|
|
msgstr "`foo` o `self::foo` hacen referencia a `foo` en el módulo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:17
|
|
msgid "`super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module."
|
|
msgstr "`super::foo` hace referencia a `foo` en el módulo superior."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:19
|
|
msgid "As an absolute path:"
|
|
msgstr "Como ruta absoluta:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:20
|
|
msgid "`crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate,"
|
|
msgstr "`crate::foo` hace referencia a `foo` en la raíz del crate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:21
|
|
msgid "`bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate."
|
|
msgstr "`bar::foo` hace referencia a `foo` en el crate `bar`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is common to \"re-export\" symbols at a shorter path. For example, the "
|
|
"top-level `lib.rs` in a crate might have"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"making `DiskStorage` and `NetworkStorage` available to other crates with a "
|
|
"convenient, short path."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the most part, only items that appear in a module need to be `use`'d. "
|
|
"However, a trait must be in scope to call any methods on that trait, even if "
|
|
"a type implementing that trait is already in scope. For example, to use the "
|
|
"`read_to_string` method on a type implementing the `Read` trait, you need to "
|
|
"`use std::io::Read`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `use` statement can have a wildcard: `use std::io::*`. This is "
|
|
"discouraged because it is not clear which items are imported, and those "
|
|
"might change over time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you will reorganize a small GUI Library implementation. "
|
|
"This library defines a `Widget` trait and a few implementations of that "
|
|
"trait, as well as a `main` function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is typical to put each type or set of closely-related types into its own "
|
|
"module, so each widget type should get its own module."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Cargo Setup"
|
|
msgstr "Configurar"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust playground only supports one file, so you will need to make a Cargo "
|
|
"project on your local filesystem:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Edit the resulting `src/main.rs` to add `mod` statements, and add additional "
|
|
"files in the `src` directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:24
|
|
msgid "Source"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:26
|
|
msgid "Here's the single-module implementation of the GUI library:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:30 src/modules/solution.md:36
|
|
msgid "/// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:33 src/modules/solution.md:39
|
|
msgid "/// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:36 src/modules/solution.md:42
|
|
msgid "/// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:40 src/modules/solution.md:46
|
|
msgid "\"{buffer}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:88
|
|
msgid "// Add 4 paddings for borders\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:100
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// TODO: Change draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" // ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:102 src/modules/exercise.md:108
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:165 src/modules/solution.md:171
|
|
msgid "\"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:102 src/modules/exercise.md:104
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:108 src/modules/exercise.md:122
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:126 src/modules/solution.md:110
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:114 src/modules/solution.md:165
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:167 src/modules/solution.md:171
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:27 src/testing/solution.md:89
|
|
msgid "\"\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:103 src/modules/solution.md:166
|
|
msgid "\"| {:^inner_width$} |\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:104 src/modules/solution.md:167
|
|
msgid "\"+={:=<inner_width$}=+\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:106 src/modules/solution.md:169
|
|
msgid "\"| {:inner_width$} |\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:114 src/modules/solution.md:100
|
|
msgid "// add a bit of padding\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:122 src/modules/exercise.md:126
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:110 src/modules/solution.md:114
|
|
msgid "\"+{:-<width$}+\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:124 src/modules/solution.md:112
|
|
msgid "\"|{:^width$}|\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:141 src/modules/solution.md:183
|
|
msgid "\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:142 src/modules/solution.md:185
|
|
msgid "\"This is a small text GUI demo.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:143 src/modules/solution.md:186
|
|
msgid "\"Click me!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md:151
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Encourage students to divide the code in a way that feels natural for them, "
|
|
"and get accustomed to the required `mod`, `use`, and `pub` declarations. "
|
|
"Afterward, discuss what organizations are most idiomatic."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:30
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/widgets.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:56
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/widgets/label.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:71
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:75
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:77
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:84
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/widgets/button.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:99
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:103
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:105
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:120
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/widgets/window.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:147
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n"
|
|
" // Add 4 paddings for borders\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:152
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:154
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:162
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n"
|
|
" // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n"
|
|
" // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md:177
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/main.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Test Modules](./testing/unit-tests.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Other Types of Tests](./testing/other.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Useful Crates](./testing/useful-crates.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:7
|
|
msgid "[GoogleTest](./testing/googletest.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:8
|
|
msgid "[Mocking](./testing/mocking.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:9
|
|
msgid "[Compiler Lints and Clippy](./testing/lints.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:10
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Luhn Algorithm](./testing/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:1
|
|
msgid "Unit Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Pruebas Unitarias"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust y Cargo incluyen un sencillo framework para pruebas unitarias:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:5
|
|
msgid "Unit tests are supported throughout your code."
|
|
msgstr "Las pruebas unitarias se admiten en todo el código."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:7
|
|
msgid "Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las pruebas de integración se admiten a través del directorio `tests/`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Tests are marked with `#[test]`. Unit tests are often put in a nested "
|
|
"`tests` module, using `#[cfg(test)]` to conditionally compile them only when "
|
|
"building tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Hello World\""
|
|
msgstr "¡Hola, mundo!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:42
|
|
msgid "This lets you unit test private helpers."
|
|
msgstr "Esto permite realizar pruebas unitarias de los ayudantes privados."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:43
|
|
msgid "The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El atributo `#[cfg(test)]` solo está activo cuando se ejecuta `cargo test`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:48
|
|
msgid "Run the tests in the playground in order to show their results."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md:3
|
|
msgid "Integration Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Pruebas de Integración"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md:5
|
|
msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si quieres probar tu biblioteca como cliente, haz una prueba de integración."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md:7
|
|
msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:"
|
|
msgstr "Crea un archivo `.rs` en `tests/`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md:10
|
|
msgid "// tests/my_library.rs\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md:19
|
|
msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate."
|
|
msgstr "Estas pruebas solo tienen acceso a la API pública de tu crate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md:21
|
|
msgid "Documentation Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Pruebas de Documentación"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md:23
|
|
msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust cuenta con asistencia integrada para pruebas de documentación:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"/// # use playground::shorten_string;\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md:38
|
|
msgid "Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los bloques de código en los comentarios `///` se ven automáticamente como "
|
|
"código de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md:39
|
|
msgid "The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`."
|
|
msgstr "El código se compilará y ejecutará como parte de `cargo test`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Adding `#` in the code will hide it from the docs, but will still compile/"
|
|
"run it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Prueba el código anterior en el [playground de Rust](https://play.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests."
|
|
msgstr "Rust solo incluye asistencia básica para las pruebas de escritura."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:5
|
|
msgid "Here are some additional crates which we recommend for writing tests:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A continuación, se indican algunos crates adicionales que recomendamos para "
|
|
"escribir pruebas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Comprehensive test assertion "
|
|
"library in the tradition of GoogleTest for C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): biblioteca completa de aserción de "
|
|
"pruebas en la tradición de GoogleTest para C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:9
|
|
msgid "[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Property-based testing for Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): pruebas basadas en propiedades para "
|
|
"Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Support for fixtures and parameterised "
|
|
"tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): asistencia para _fixtures_ y pruebas "
|
|
"parametrizadas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [GoogleTest](https://docs.rs/googletest/) crate allows for flexible test "
|
|
"assertions using _matchers_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): biblioteca completa de aserción de "
|
|
"pruebas en la tradición de GoogleTest para C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md:11
|
|
msgid "\"baz\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md:12
|
|
msgid "\"xyz\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If we change the last element to `\"!\"`, the test fails with a structured "
|
|
"error message pin-pointing the error:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"GoogleTest is not part of the Rust Playground, so you need to run this "
|
|
"example in a local environment. Use `cargo add googletest` to quickly add it "
|
|
"to an existing Cargo project."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `use googletest::prelude::*;` line imports a number of [commonly used "
|
|
"macros and types](https://docs.rs/googletest/latest/googletest/prelude/index."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md:44
|
|
msgid "This just scratches the surface, there are many builtin matchers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A particularly nice feature is that mismatches in multi-line strings strings "
|
|
"are shown as a diff:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Memory safety found,\\n\\\n"
|
|
" Rust's strong typing guides the way,\\n\\\n"
|
|
" Secure code you'll write.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Memory safety found,\\n\\\n"
|
|
" Rust's silly humor guides the way,\\n\\\n"
|
|
" Secure code you'll write.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md:64
|
|
msgid "shows a color-coded diff (colors not shown here):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md:81
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The crate is a Rust port of [GoogleTest for C++](https://google.github.io/"
|
|
"googletest/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md:86
|
|
msgid "GoogleTest is available for use in AOSP."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For mocking, [Mockall](https://docs.rs/mockall/) is a widely used library. "
|
|
"You need to refactor your code to use traits, which you can then quickly "
|
|
"mock:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The advice here is for Android (AOSP) where Mockall is the recommended "
|
|
"mocking library. There are other [mocking libraries available on crates.io]"
|
|
"(https://crates.io/keywords/mock), in particular in the area of mocking HTTP "
|
|
"services. The other mocking libraries work in a similar fashion as Mockall, "
|
|
"meaning that they make it easy to get a mock implementation of a given trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that mocking is somewhat _controversial_: mocks allow you to completely "
|
|
"isolate a test from its dependencies. The immediate result is faster and "
|
|
"more stable test execution. On the other hand, the mocks can be configured "
|
|
"wrongly and return output different from what the real dependencies would do."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If at all possible, it is recommended that you use the real dependencies. As "
|
|
"an example, many databases allow you to configure an in-memory backend. This "
|
|
"means that you get the correct behavior in your tests, plus they are fast "
|
|
"and will automatically clean up after themselves."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similarly, many web frameworks allow you to start an in-process server which "
|
|
"binds to a random port on `localhost`. Always prefer this over mocking away "
|
|
"the framework since it helps you test your code in the real environment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mockall is not part of the Rust Playground, so you need to run this example "
|
|
"in a local environment. Use `cargo add mockall` to quickly add Mockall to an "
|
|
"existing Cargo project."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mockall has a lot more functionality. In particular, you can set up "
|
|
"expectations which depend on the arguments passed. Here we use this to mock "
|
|
"a cat which becomes hungry 3 hours after the last time it was fed:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md:70
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use `.times(n)` to limit the number of times a mock method can be "
|
|
"called to `n` --- the mock will automatically panic when dropped if this "
|
|
"isn't satisfied."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust compiler produces fantastic error messages, as well as helpful "
|
|
"built-in lints. [Clippy](https://doc.rust-lang.org/clippy/) provides even "
|
|
"more lints, organized into groups that can be enabled per-project."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"X probably fits in a u16, right? {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the code sample and examine the error message. There are also lints "
|
|
"visible here, but those will not be shown once the code compiles. Switch to "
|
|
"the Playground site to show those lints."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After resolving the lints, run `clippy` on the playground site to show "
|
|
"clippy warnings. Clippy has extensive documentation of its lints, and adds "
|
|
"new lints (including default-deny lints) all the time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that errors or warnings with `help: ...` can be fixed with `cargo fix` "
|
|
"or via your editor."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid "Luhn Algorithm"
|
|
msgstr "Algoritmo de Luhn"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used "
|
|
"to validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and "
|
|
"does the following to validate the credit card number:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El [algoritmo de Luhn](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) se usa "
|
|
"para validar números de tarjetas de crédito. El algoritmo toma una cadena "
|
|
"como entrada y hace lo siguiente para validar el número de la tarjeta de "
|
|
"crédito:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:9
|
|
msgid "Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ignora todos los espacios. Rechaza los números con menos de dos dígitos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Moving from **right to left**, double every second digit: for the number "
|
|
"`1234`, we double `3` and `1`. For the number `98765`, we double `6` and `8`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De derecha a izquierda, duplica cada dos cifras: en el caso del número "
|
|
"`1234`, se duplica el `3` y el `1`. En el caso del número `98765`, se "
|
|
"duplica el `6` y el `8`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After doubling a digit, sum the digits if the result is greater than 9. So "
|
|
"doubling `7` becomes `14` which becomes `1 + 4 = 5`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Después de duplicar un dígito, se suman los dígitos si el resultado es mayor "
|
|
"a 9. Por tanto, si duplicas `7`, pasará a ser `14`, lo cual pasará a ser `1 "
|
|
"+4 = 5`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:17
|
|
msgid "Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits."
|
|
msgstr "Suma todos los dígitos, no duplicados y duplicados."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:19
|
|
msgid "The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El número de la tarjeta de crédito es válido si la suma termina en `0`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The provided code provides a buggy implementation of the luhn algorithm, "
|
|
"along with two basic unit tests that confirm that most the algorithm is "
|
|
"implemented correctly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and write additional "
|
|
"tests to uncover bugs in the provided implementation, fixing any bugs you "
|
|
"find."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copia el fragmento de código que aparece más abajo en la página <https://"
|
|
"play.rust-lang.org/> y rellena los métodos y funciones que faltan:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:57 src/testing/solution.md:69
|
|
msgid "\"4263 9826 4026 9299\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:58 src/testing/solution.md:70
|
|
msgid "\"4539 3195 0343 6467\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:59 src/testing/solution.md:71
|
|
msgid "\"7992 7398 713\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:64 src/testing/solution.md:76
|
|
msgid "\"4223 9826 4026 9299\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:65 src/testing/solution.md:77
|
|
msgid "\"4539 3195 0343 6476\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md:66 src/testing/solution.md:78
|
|
msgid "\"8273 1232 7352 0569\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md:4
|
|
msgid "// This is the buggy version that appears in the problem.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md:27
|
|
msgid "// This is the solution and passes all of the tests below.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md:56
|
|
msgid "\"1234 5678 1234 5670\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md:58
|
|
msgid "\"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md:59
|
|
msgid "\"yes\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md:59
|
|
msgid "\"no\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md:84
|
|
msgid "\"foo 0 0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md:90
|
|
msgid "\" \""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md:91
|
|
msgid "\" \""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md:92
|
|
msgid "\" \""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md:97
|
|
msgid "\"0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md:102
|
|
msgid "\" 0 0 \""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Error Handling](./error-handling.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Unsafe Rust](./unsafe-rust.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid "Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Panics](./error-handling/panics.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:5
|
|
msgid "[Try Operator](./error-handling/try.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Try Conversions](./error-handling/try-conversions.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:7
|
|
msgid "[Error Trait](./error-handling/error.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[thiserror and anyhow](./error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Rewriting with Result](./error-handling/exercise.md) (20 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust handles fatal errors with a \"panic\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:5
|
|
msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust activará un _panic_ si se produce un error grave en _runtime_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:10
|
|
msgid "\"v[100]: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:14
|
|
msgid "Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors."
|
|
msgstr "Los _panics_ se usan para errores irrecuperables e inesperados."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:15
|
|
msgid "Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program."
|
|
msgstr "Los _panics_ son un síntoma de que hay fallos en el programa."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:16
|
|
msgid "Runtime failures like failed bounds checks can panic"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:17
|
|
msgid "Assertions (such as `assert!`) panic on failure"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:18
|
|
msgid "Purpose-specific panics can use the `panic!` macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A panic will \"unwind\" the stack, dropping values just as if the functions "
|
|
"had returned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utiliza API que no activen _panics_ (como `Vec::get`) si no se admiten "
|
|
"fallos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be "
|
|
"caught:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De forma predeterminada, el _panic_ hará que la _stack_ se desenrolle. El "
|
|
"proceso de desenrrollado se puede detectar:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:32
|
|
msgid "\"No problem here!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:33 src/error-handling/panics.md:38
|
|
msgid "\"{result:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:36
|
|
msgid "\"oh no!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Catching is unusual; do not attempt to implement exceptions with "
|
|
"`catch_unwind`!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single "
|
|
"request crashes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esto puede ser útil en los servidores que deben seguir ejecutándose aunque "
|
|
"una sola solicitud falle."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:46
|
|
msgid "This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`."
|
|
msgstr "No funciona si `panic = 'abort'` está definido en `Cargo.toml`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Runtime errors like connection-refused or file-not-found are handled with "
|
|
"the `Result` type, but matching this type on every call can be cumbersome. "
|
|
"The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you "
|
|
"turn the common"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md:15
|
|
msgid "into the much simpler"
|
|
msgstr "en algo mucho más sencillo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md:21
|
|
msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handling code:"
|
|
msgstr "Podemos utilizarlo para simplificar el código de gestión de errores:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md:42
|
|
msgid "//fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md:43 src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:65
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:36
|
|
msgid "\"config.dat\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md:44 src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:66
|
|
msgid "\"username or error: {username:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md:51
|
|
msgid "Simplify the `read_username` function to use `?`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md:55
|
|
msgid "The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`."
|
|
msgstr "La variable `username` puede ser `Ok(string)` o `Err(error)`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty "
|
|
"file, file with username."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utiliza la llamada a `fs::write` para probar las distintas situaciones: sin "
|
|
"archivo, archivo vacío o archivo con nombre de usuario."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md:58
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `main` can return a `Result<(), E>` as long as it implements `std::"
|
|
"process:Termination`. In practice, this means that `E` implements `Debug`. "
|
|
"The executable will print the `Err` variant and return a nonzero exit status "
|
|
"on error."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously "
|
|
"indicated:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La expansión efectiva de `?` es un poco más complicada de lo que se ha "
|
|
"indicado anteriormente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:10
|
|
msgid "works the same as"
|
|
msgstr "funciona igual que"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to the "
|
|
"type returned by the function. This makes it easy to encapsulate errors into "
|
|
"higher-level errors."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aquí la llamada a `From::from` significa que intentamos convertir el tipo de "
|
|
"error al tipo que devuelve la función:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:42
|
|
msgid "\"IO error: {e}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:43
|
|
msgid "\"Found no username in {path}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:64
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:35
|
|
msgid "//fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:73
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `?` operator must return a value compatible with the return type of the "
|
|
"function. For `Result`, it means that the error types have to be compatible. "
|
|
"A function that returns `Result<T, ErrorOuter>` can only use `?` on a value "
|
|
"of type `Result<U, ErrorInner>` if `ErrorOuter` and `ErrorInner` are the "
|
|
"same type or if `ErrorOuter` implements `From<ErrorInner>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:79
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A common alternative to a `From` implementation is `Result::map_err`, "
|
|
"especially when the conversion only happens in one place."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:82
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There is no compatibility requirement for `Option`. A function returning "
|
|
"`Option<T>` can use the `?` operator on `Option<U>` for arbitrary `T` and "
|
|
"`U` types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:86
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A function that returns `Result` cannot use `?` on `Option` and vice versa. "
|
|
"However, `Option::ok_or` converts `Option` to `Result` whereas `Result::ok` "
|
|
"turns `Result` into `Option`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md:1
|
|
msgid "Dynamic Error Types"
|
|
msgstr "Tipos de Errores Dinámicos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing "
|
|
"our own enum covering all the different possibilities. The `std::error::"
|
|
"Error` trait makes it easy to create a trait object that can contain any "
|
|
"error."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A veces, queremos permitir que se devuelva cualquier tipo de error sin "
|
|
"escribir nuestra propia _enum_ que cubra todas las posibilidades. `std::"
|
|
"error::Error` facilita este proceso."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md:20 src/error-handling/error.md:21
|
|
msgid "\"count.dat\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md:20
|
|
msgid "\"1i3\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md:22
|
|
msgid "\"Count: {count}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md:23
|
|
msgid "\"Error: {err}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `read_count` function can return `std::io::Error` (from file operations) "
|
|
"or `std::num::ParseIntError` (from `String::parse`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md:34
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Boxing errors saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle "
|
|
"different error cases differently in the program. As such it's generally not "
|
|
"a good idea to use `Box<dyn Error>` in the public API of a library, but it "
|
|
"can be a good option in a program where you just want to display the error "
|
|
"message somewhere."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esto permite ahorrar código, pero no da la posibilidad de gestionar "
|
|
"eficazmente los distintos casos de error en el programa. Por lo general, no "
|
|
"es una buena idea utilizar `Box<dyn Error>` en la API pública de una "
|
|
"biblioteca, pero puede ser una buena opción en un programa en el que solo "
|
|
"quieras mostrar el mensaje de error en alguna parte."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make sure to implement the `std::error::Error` trait when defining a custom "
|
|
"error type so it can be boxed. But if you need to support the `no_std` "
|
|
"attribute, keep in mind that the `std::error::Error` trait is currently "
|
|
"compatible with `no_std` in [nightly](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/"
|
|
"issues/103765) only."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) and [`anyhow`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"anyhow/) crates are widely used to simplify error handling."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Uno de los métodos más populares para crear una _enum_ (enumeración) de "
|
|
"errores es el crate [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/), como hicimos en "
|
|
"la página anterior:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`thiserror` is often used in libraries to create custom error types that "
|
|
"implement `From<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`anyhow` is often used by applications to help with error handling in "
|
|
"functions, including adding contextual information to your errors."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"Found no username in {0}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:25
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to open {path}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:27
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to read\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:37
|
|
msgid "\"Username: {username}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:38
|
|
msgid "\"Error: {err:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:46
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`thiserror`"
|
|
msgstr "`Error`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Error` derive macro is provided by `thiserror`, and has lots of useful "
|
|
"attributes to help define error types in a compact way."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:50
|
|
msgid "The `std::error::Error` trait is derived automatically."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:51
|
|
msgid "The message from `#[error]` is used to derive the `Display` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:53
|
|
msgid "`anyhow`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box<dyn Error>`. As such "
|
|
"it's again generally not a good choice for the public API of a library, but "
|
|
"is widely used in applications."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Error` es básicamente un envoltorio alrededor de `Box<dyn Error>`. "
|
|
"Como tal, no suele ser una buena elección para la API pública de una "
|
|
"biblioteca, pero se usa con frecuencia en aplicaciones."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:58
|
|
msgid "`anyhow::Result<V>` is a type alias for `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Result<V>` es un alias de tipo para `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El tipo de error real que contiene se puede extraer para analizarlo si es "
|
|
"necesario."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:60
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result<T>` may be familiar to Go "
|
|
"developers, as it provides similar usage patterns and ergonomics to `(T, "
|
|
"error)` from Go."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La funcionalidad proporcionada por `anyhow::Result<T>` puede resultar "
|
|
"familiar a los desarrolladores de Go, ya que ofrece patrones de uso y "
|
|
"ergonomía similares a `(T, error)` de Go."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Context` is a trait implemented for the standard `Result` and "
|
|
"`Option` types. `use anyhow::Context` is necessary to enable `.context()` "
|
|
"and `.with_context()` on those types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Rewriting with Result"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The following implements a very simple parser for an expression language. "
|
|
"However, it handles errors by panicking. Rewrite it to instead use idiomatic "
|
|
"error handling and propagate errors to a return from `main`. Feel free to "
|
|
"use `thiserror` and `anyhow`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"HINT: start by fixing error handling in the `parse` function. Once that is "
|
|
"working correctly, update `Tokenizer` to implement "
|
|
"`Iterator<Item=Result<Token, TokenizerError>>` and handle that in the parser."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:15 src/error-handling/solution.md:9
|
|
msgid "/// An arithmetic operator.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:22 src/error-handling/solution.md:16
|
|
msgid "/// A token in the expression language.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:30 src/error-handling/solution.md:24
|
|
msgid "/// An expression in the expression language.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:34 src/error-handling/solution.md:28
|
|
msgid "/// A reference to a variable.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:36 src/error-handling/solution.md:30
|
|
msgid "/// A literal number.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:38 src/error-handling/solution.md:32
|
|
msgid "/// A binary operation.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:62 src/error-handling/exercise.md:64
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:62 src/error-handling/solution.md:64
|
|
msgid "'z'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:64 src/error-handling/solution.md:64
|
|
msgid "'_'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:70 src/error-handling/solution.md:70
|
|
msgid "'+'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:71 src/error-handling/solution.md:71
|
|
msgid "'-'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:72
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected character {c}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:82 src/error-handling/solution.md:81
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected end of input\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:86
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid 32-bit integer'\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:90 src/error-handling/exercise.md:100
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected token {tok:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:92 src/error-handling/solution.md:104
|
|
msgid "// Look ahead to parse a binary operation if present.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:108 src/error-handling/solution.md:121
|
|
msgid "\"10+foo+20-30\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:109 src/error-handling/solution.md:122
|
|
msgid "\"{expr:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:42
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected character '{0}' in input\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:79
|
|
msgid "\"Tokenizer error: {0}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:83
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected token {0:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:85
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid number\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:4
|
|
msgid "[Unsafe](./unsafe-rust/unsafe.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Dereferencing Raw Pointers](./unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Mutable Static Variables](./unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:7
|
|
msgid "[Unions](./unsafe-rust/unions.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:8
|
|
msgid "[Unsafe Functions](./unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:9
|
|
msgid "[Unsafe Traits](./unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:10
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: FFI Wrapper](./unsafe-rust/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:3
|
|
msgid "The Rust language has two parts:"
|
|
msgstr "El lenguaje Rust tiene dos partes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:5
|
|
msgid "**Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"**_Safe_ Rust:** memoria segura, sin posibilidad de comportamiento "
|
|
"indefinido."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"**Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are "
|
|
"violated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"**_Unsafe_ Rust:** puede activar un comportamiento no definido si se "
|
|
"infringen las condiciones previas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We saw mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to know what "
|
|
"Unsafe Rust is."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En este curso, casi todo lo que veremos es _Safe_ Rust, aunque es importante "
|
|
"saber qué es _Unsafe_ Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be "
|
|
"carefully documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Por lo general, el código inseguro es pequeño y está aislado, y su "
|
|
"corrección debe estar bien documentada. Suele estar envuelto en una capa de "
|
|
"abstracción segura."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:14
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust inseguro te permite acceder a cinco nuevas funciones:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:16
|
|
msgid "Dereference raw pointers."
|
|
msgstr "Desreferenciar punteros sin formato."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:17
|
|
msgid "Access or modify mutable static variables."
|
|
msgstr "Acceder o modificar variables estáticas mutables."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:18
|
|
msgid "Access `union` fields."
|
|
msgstr "Acceder a los campos `union`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:19
|
|
msgid "Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions."
|
|
msgstr "Llamar a funciones `unsafe`, incluidas las funciones `extern`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:20
|
|
msgid "Implement `unsafe` traits."
|
|
msgstr "Implementar traits `unsafe`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please see "
|
|
"[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-"
|
|
"unsafe-rust.html) and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A continuación, hablaremos brevemente sobre las funciones que no son "
|
|
"seguras. Para obtener más información, consulta el [capítulo 19.1 del Libro "
|
|
"de Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html) y el "
|
|
"documento [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers "
|
|
"have turned off some compiler safety features and have to write correct code "
|
|
"by themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety "
|
|
"rules."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_Unsafe_ Rust no significa que el código sea incorrecto. Significa que los "
|
|
"desarrolladores han desactivado las funciones de seguridad del compilador y "
|
|
"que tienen que escribir el código correcto por su cuenta. Significa que el "
|
|
"compilador ya no aplica las reglas de seguridad de memoria de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:3
|
|
msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La creación de punteros es un proceso seguro, pero para anular las "
|
|
"referencias, es necesario utilizar `unsafe`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:7
|
|
msgid "\"careful!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are\n"
|
|
" // guaranteed to be non-null and properly aligned, the objects "
|
|
"underlying\n"
|
|
" // the references from which they were obtained are live throughout the\n"
|
|
" // whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n"
|
|
" // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"r1 is: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"uhoh\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:20
|
|
msgid "\"r2 is: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// NOT SAFE. DO NOT DO THIS.\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" let r3: &String = unsafe { &*r1 };\n"
|
|
" drop(s);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r3 is: {}\", *r3);\n"
|
|
" */"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write "
|
|
"a comment for each `unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it "
|
|
"satisfies the safety requirements of the unsafe operations it is doing."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se recomienda (y es obligatorio en la guía de estilo Rust de Android) "
|
|
"escribir un comentario para cada bloque `unsafe` explicando cómo el código "
|
|
"que contiene cumple los requisitos de seguridad de las operaciones inseguras "
|
|
"que realiza."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be "
|
|
"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En el caso de la desreferenciación de punteros, significa que los punteros "
|
|
"deben ser [_válidos_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), "
|
|
"por ejemplo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:42
|
|
msgid "The pointer must be non-null."
|
|
msgstr "El puntero no puede ser nulo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single "
|
|
"allocated object)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El puntero debe ser _desreferenciable_ (dentro de los límites de un único "
|
|
"objeto asignado)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:45
|
|
msgid "The object must not have been deallocated."
|
|
msgstr "El objeto no debe haberse desasignado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:46
|
|
msgid "There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location."
|
|
msgstr "No debe haber accesos simultáneos a la misma ubicación."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object "
|
|
"must be live and no reference may be used to access the memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si el puntero se ha obtenido enviando una referencia, el objeto subyacente "
|
|
"debe estar activo y no puede utilizarse ninguna referencia para acceder a la "
|
|
"memoria."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:50
|
|
msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En la mayoría de los casos, el puntero también debe estar alineado "
|
|
"adecuadamente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"NOT SAFE\" section gives an example of a common kind of UB bug: `*r1` "
|
|
"has the `'static` lifetime, so `r3` has type `&'static String`, and thus "
|
|
"outlives `s`. Creating a reference from a pointer requires _great care_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:3
|
|
msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:"
|
|
msgstr "Es seguro leer una variable estática inmutable:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Hello, world!\""
|
|
msgstr "¡Hola, mundo!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:9
|
|
msgid "\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable "
|
|
"static variables:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sin embargo, dado que pueden producirse carreras de datos, no es seguro leer "
|
|
"y escribir variables estáticas mutables:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:29
|
|
msgid "\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The program here is safe because it is single-threaded. However, the Rust "
|
|
"compiler is conservative and will assume the worst. Try removing the "
|
|
"`unsafe` and see how the compiler explains that it is undefined behavior to "
|
|
"mutate a static from multiple threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases "
|
|
"where it might make sense in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a "
|
|
"heap allocator or working with some C APIs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"No suele ser buena idea usar una variable estática mutable, pero en algunos "
|
|
"casos puede encajar en código `no_std` de bajo nivel, como implementar una "
|
|
"asignación de _heap_ o trabajar con algunas APIs C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md:3
|
|
msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las uniones son como _enums_ (enumeraciones), pero eres tú quien debe hacer "
|
|
"el seguimiento del campo activo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"int: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md:15
|
|
msgid "\"bool: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md:15
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "// Undefined behavior!\n"
|
|
msgstr "No hay comportamientos indefinidos en _runtime_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They "
|
|
"are occasionally needed for interacting with C library APIs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las uniones raramente son necesarias en Rust, ya que se suele utilizar una "
|
|
"_enum_. A veces se necesitan para interactuar con APIs de biblioteca C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably want "
|
|
"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn."
|
|
"transmute.html) or a safe wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/"
|
|
"crates/zerocopy) crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si solo quieres reinterpretar los bytes como otro tipo, probablemente te "
|
|
"interese [`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn."
|
|
"transmute.html) o una envoltura segura, como el crate [`zerocopy`](https://"
|
|
"crates.io/crates/zerocopy)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:3 src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:75
|
|
msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Llamar Funciones Unsafe (Inseguras)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions "
|
|
"you must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Una función o método se puede marcar como `unsafe` si tiene condiciones "
|
|
"previas adicionales que debes mantener para evitar un comportamiento "
|
|
"indefinido:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:9 src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:91
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:41 src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:9
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:15
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:30
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:29
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:38
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:8
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:21
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:19
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:24
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:23 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:49
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:104 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:110
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:118 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:124
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:130 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:136
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:142 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:148
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:43
|
|
msgid "\"C\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"🗻∈🌏\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds of\n"
|
|
" // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:19
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:20
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:21
|
|
msgid "\"emoji: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:24
|
|
msgid "\"char count: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "// Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n"
|
|
msgstr "No hay comportamientos indefinidos en _runtime_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:28
|
|
msgid "\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:42
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:87
|
|
msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Escribir Funciones Unsafe (Inseguras)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular "
|
|
"conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puedes marcar tus propias funciones como `unsafe` si requieren condiciones "
|
|
"concretas para evitar un comportamiento indefinido."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:63
|
|
msgid "// Safe because ...\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:68
|
|
msgid "\"a = {}, b = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:77
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`get_unchecked`, like most `_unchecked` functions, is unsafe, because it can "
|
|
"create UB if the range is incorrect. `abs` is incorrect for a different "
|
|
"reason: it is an external function (FFI). Calling external functions is "
|
|
"usually only a problem when those functions do things with pointers which "
|
|
"might violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C function might have "
|
|
"undefined behaviour under any arbitrary circumstances."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esto solo suele suponer un problema para las funciones externas que hacen "
|
|
"cosas con punteros que pueden infringir el modelo de memoria de Rust pero, "
|
|
"en general, cualquier función C puede tener un comportamiento indefinido "
|
|
"bajo cualquier circunstancia arbitraria."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:84
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI; [other ABIs are available too]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En este ejemplo, `\"C\"` es la ABI.; [también hay otras ABI disponibles]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:89
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We wouldn't actually use pointers for a `swap` function - it can be done "
|
|
"safely with references."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En realidad, no usaríamos punteros para este caso porque se puede hacer de "
|
|
"forma segura con referencias."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:92
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an "
|
|
"`unsafe` block. We can prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. "
|
|
"Try adding it and see what happens. This will likely change in a future Rust "
|
|
"edition."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ten en cuenta que el código inseguro se admite en una función insegura sin "
|
|
"un bloque `unsafe`. Podemos prohibirlo con "
|
|
"`#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Prueba a añadirlo para ver qué ocurre."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:1
|
|
msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Implementación de Traits Unsafe (Inseguras) "
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation "
|
|
"must guarantee particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Al igual que con las funciones, puedes marcar un trait como `unsafe` si la "
|
|
"implementación debe asegurar condiciones concretas para evitar un "
|
|
"comportamiento indefinido."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks [something "
|
|
"like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Por ejemplo, el crate `zerocopy` tiene un trait inseguro, [que se parece a "
|
|
"esto](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// ...\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:26
|
|
msgid "// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining "
|
|
"the requirements for the trait to be safely implemented."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Debería haber una sección `# Safety` en el Rustdoc para el trait explicando "
|
|
"los requisitos para que el trait pueda implementarse de forma segura."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more "
|
|
"complicated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La sección de seguridad actual de `AsBytes` es bastante más larga y "
|
|
"complicada."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:39
|
|
msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe."
|
|
msgstr "Los traits integrados `Send` y `Sync` no son seguros."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:1
|
|
msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper"
|
|
msgstr "Envoltorio de FFI Seguro"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function "
|
|
"interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc` "
|
|
"functions you would use from C to read the names of files in a directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust ofrece una gran asisencia para llamar a funciones a través de una "
|
|
"_interfaz de función externa_ (FFI). Usaremos esto para crear un envoltorio "
|
|
"seguro para las funciones `libc` que usarías desde C para leer los nombres "
|
|
"de archivo de un directorio."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:7
|
|
msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:"
|
|
msgstr "Consulta las páginas del manual:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:9
|
|
msgid "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)"
|
|
msgstr "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:10
|
|
msgid "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)"
|
|
msgstr "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:11
|
|
msgid "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
|
|
msgstr "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"ffi/) module. There you find a number of string types which you need for the "
|
|
"exercise:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"También te recomendamos que consultes el módulo [`std::ffi`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/ffi/). Ahí encontrarás una serie de tipos de cadena que "
|
|
"necesitas para el ejercicio:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:16
|
|
msgid "Encoding"
|
|
msgstr "Codificación"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:16
|
|
msgid "Use"
|
|
msgstr "Uso"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) and [`String`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) y [`String`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:18
|
|
msgid "UTF-8"
|
|
msgstr "UTF-8"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:18
|
|
msgid "Text processing in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Procesar textos en Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) and [`CString`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) y [`CString`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:19
|
|
msgid "NUL-terminated"
|
|
msgstr "Terminado en NUL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:19
|
|
msgid "Communicating with C functions"
|
|
msgstr "Comunicarse con funciones C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) and "
|
|
"[`OsString`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) y [`OsString`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:20
|
|
msgid "OS-specific"
|
|
msgstr "Específico del SO"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:20
|
|
msgid "Communicating with the OS"
|
|
msgstr "Comunicarse con el SO"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:22
|
|
msgid "You will convert between all these types:"
|
|
msgstr "Realizarás conversiones entre todos estos tipos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&str` to `CString`: you need to allocate space for a trailing `\\0` "
|
|
"character,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De `&str` a `CString`: debes asignar espacio para un carácter final `\\0`,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:25
|
|
msgid "`CString` to `*const i8`: you need a pointer to call C functions,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De `CString` a `*const i8`: necesitas un puntero para llamar a funciones C,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`*const i8` to `&CStr`: you need something which can find the trailing `\\0` "
|
|
"character,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De `*const i8` a `&CStr`: necesitas algo que pueda encontrar el carácter "
|
|
"final `\\0`,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:28
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&CStr` to `&[u8]`: a slice of bytes is the universal interface for \"some "
|
|
"unknown data\","
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De `&CStr` a `&[u8]`: un slice de bytes es la interfaz universal para "
|
|
"\"algunos datos desconocidos\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&[u8]` to `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` is a step towards `OsString`, use [`OsStrExt`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) to create it,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De `&[u8]` a `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` es un paso hacia `OsString`, usa [`OsStrExt`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) para crearlo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&OsStr` to `OsString`: you need to clone the data in `&OsStr` to be able to "
|
|
"return it and call `readdir` again."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De `OsStr` a `OsString`: debes clonar los datos en `&OsStr` para poder "
|
|
"devolverlo y llamar a `readdir` de nuevo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) also has a very "
|
|
"useful chapter about FFI."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) también tiene un "
|
|
"capítulo muy útil sobre FFI."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
|
|
"functions and methods:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copia el fragmento de código que aparece más abajo en la página <https://"
|
|
"play.rust-lang.org/> y rellena los métodos y funciones que faltan:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:56 src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:69
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:80 src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:94
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:102 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:6
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:19 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:30
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:44 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:52
|
|
msgid "\"macos\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:59 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:9
|
|
msgid "// Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:66 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t and\n"
|
|
" // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n"
|
|
" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:79 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:29
|
|
msgid "// Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:94 src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:102
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:44 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:52
|
|
msgid "\"x86_64\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:97 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section on\n"
|
|
" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" "
|
|
"refers\n"
|
|
" // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and "
|
|
"PowerPC.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:103 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:53
|
|
msgid "\"readdir$INODE64\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:121 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:71
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:130
|
|
msgid "// Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:137 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:105
|
|
msgid "// Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:143 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:116
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:140 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:155
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:44
|
|
msgid "\".\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:144 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:117
|
|
msgid "\"files: {:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:74
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid path: {err}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:75
|
|
msgid "// SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:78
|
|
msgid "\"Could not open {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:88
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:92
|
|
msgid "// We have reached the end of the directory.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:95
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n"
|
|
" // terminated.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:107
|
|
msgid "// SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:109
|
|
msgid "\"Could not close {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:128
|
|
msgid "\"no-such-directory\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:136 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:151
|
|
msgid "\"Non UTF-8 character in path\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:140 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:155
|
|
msgid "\"..\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:147 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:155
|
|
msgid "\"foo.txt\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:147
|
|
msgid "\"The Foo Diaries\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:148 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:155
|
|
msgid "\"bar.png\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:148
|
|
msgid "\"<PNG>\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:149 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:155
|
|
msgid "\"crab.rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:149
|
|
msgid "\"//! Crab\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:1
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Rust in Android"
|
|
msgstr "Te Damos la Bienvenida a Rust en Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is supported for system software on Android. This means that you can "
|
|
"write new services, libraries, drivers or even firmware in Rust (or improve "
|
|
"existing code as needed)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust es compatible con el desarrollo de plataformas nativas en Android. Esto "
|
|
"significa que puedes escribir nuevos servicios del sistema operativo en "
|
|
"Rust, así como ampliar los que ya existen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to "
|
|
"find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code "
|
|
"to Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something "
|
|
"that parses some raw bytes would be ideal."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Hoy intentaremos llamar a Rust desde un proyecto personal. Intenta encontrar "
|
|
"una pequeña esquina de tu código base donde podamos mover algunas líneas de "
|
|
"código a Rust. Cuantas menos dependencias y tipos \"exóticos\" tenga, mejor. "
|
|
"Lo ideal sería algo que analizara bytes sin procesar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The speaker may mention any of the following given the increased use of Rust "
|
|
"in Android:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Service example: [DNS over HTTP](https://security.googleblog.com/2022/07/dns-"
|
|
"over-http3-in-android.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Libraries: [Rutabaga Virtual Graphics Interface](https://crosvm.dev/book/"
|
|
"appendix/rutabaga_gfx.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Kernel Drivers: [Binder](https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/20231101-"
|
|
"rust-binder-v1-0-08ba9197f637@google.com/)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Firmware: [pKVM firmware](https://security.googleblog.com/2023/10/bare-metal-"
|
|
"rust-in-android.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will be using a Cuttlefish Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make "
|
|
"sure you have access to one or create a new one with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizaremos un dispositivo Android virtual para probar el código. Asegúrate "
|
|
"de que tienes acceso a uno o créalo con:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please see the [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/"
|
|
"setup/start) for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consulta el [Codelab para desarrolladores de Android](https://source.android."
|
|
"com/docs/setup/start) para obtener más información."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Cuttlefish is a reference Android device designed to work on generic Linux "
|
|
"desktops. MacOS support is also planned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Cuttlefish system image maintains high fidelity to real devices, and is "
|
|
"the ideal emulator to run many Rust use cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:3
|
|
msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El sistema de compilación de Android (Soong) es compatible con Rust a través "
|
|
"de una serie de módulos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:5
|
|
msgid "Module Type"
|
|
msgstr "Tipo de módulo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:5
|
|
msgid "Description"
|
|
msgstr "Descripción"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:7
|
|
msgid "`rust_binary`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_binary`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:7
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust binary."
|
|
msgstr "Produce un binario de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:8
|
|
msgid "`rust_library`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_library`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:8
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and `dylib` variants."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Produce una biblioteca de Rust y proporciona las variantes `rlib` y `dylib`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:9
|
|
msgid "`rust_ffi`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_ffi`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and provides both static "
|
|
"and shared variants."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Produce una biblioteca de Rust C que pueden usar los módulos `cc` y "
|
|
"proporciona variantes estáticas y compartidas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:10
|
|
msgid "`rust_proc_macro`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_proc_macro`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are analogous to compiler "
|
|
"plugins."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Produce una biblioteca de Rust `proc-macro`. Son similares a complementos "
|
|
"del compilador."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:11
|
|
msgid "`rust_test`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_test`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:11
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard Rust test harness."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Produce un binario de prueba de Rust que utiliza el agente de prueba "
|
|
"estándar de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:12
|
|
msgid "`rust_fuzz`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_fuzz`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:12
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging `libfuzzer`."
|
|
msgstr "Produce un binario de fuzz de Rust que aprovecha `libfuzzer`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:13
|
|
msgid "`rust_protobuf`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_protobuf`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Generates source and produces a Rust library that provides an interface for "
|
|
"a particular protobuf."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Genera código fuente y produce una biblioteca Rust que proporciona una "
|
|
"interfaz para un protobuf en particular."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:14
|
|
msgid "`rust_bindgen`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_bindgen`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Generates source and produces a Rust library containing Rust bindings to C "
|
|
"libraries."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Genera código fuente y produce una biblioteca de Rust que contiene enlaces "
|
|
"de Rust a bibliotecas de C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:16
|
|
msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next."
|
|
msgstr "A continuación, hablaremos de `rust_binary` y `rust_library`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:20
|
|
msgid "Additional items speaker may mention:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Cargo is not optimized for multi-language repos, and also downloads packages "
|
|
"from the internet."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For compliance and performance, Android must have crates in-tree. It must "
|
|
"also interop with C/C++/Java code. Soong fills that gap."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Soong has many similarities to Bazel, which is the open-source variant of "
|
|
"Blaze (used in google3)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There is a plan to transition [Android](https://source.android.com/docs/"
|
|
"setup/build/bazel/introduction), [ChromeOS](https://chromium.googlesource."
|
|
"com/chromiumos/bazel/), and [Fuchsia](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/"
|
|
"build/bazel/introduction) to Bazel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:37
|
|
msgid "Learning Bazel-like build rules is useful for all Rust OS developers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:39
|
|
msgid "Fun fact: Data from Star Trek is a Soong-type Android."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:1
|
|
msgid "Rust Binaries"
|
|
msgstr "Binarios de Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, "
|
|
"create the following files:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Empecemos con una sencilla aplicación. Desde la raíz de un AOSP revisado, "
|
|
"crea los siguientes archivos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:6 src/android/build-rules/library.md:13
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:10 src/android/build-rules/binary.md:11
|
|
msgid "\"hello_rust\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:12 src/android/build-rules/library.md:19
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"src/main.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "`src/main.rs`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:16 src/android/build-rules/library.md:34
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:19 src/android/build-rules/library.md:37
|
|
msgid "//! Rust demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:20 src/android/build-rules/library.md:41
|
|
msgid "/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:23 src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:9
|
|
msgid "\"Hello from Rust!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:27
|
|
msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:"
|
|
msgstr "Ahora puedes compilar, insertar y ejecutar el binario:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust\" /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:1
|
|
msgid "Rust Libraries"
|
|
msgstr "Bibliotecas de Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:3
|
|
msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android."
|
|
msgstr "Crea una biblioteca de Rust para Android con `rust_library`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:5
|
|
msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:"
|
|
msgstr "Aquí declaramos una dependencia en dos bibliotecas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:7
|
|
msgid "`libgreeting`, which we define below,"
|
|
msgstr "`libgreeting`, que definimos más abajo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in [`external/rust/crates/`]"
|
|
"(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/"
|
|
"crates/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`libtextwrap`, que es un crate ya incluido en [`external/rust/crates/`]"
|
|
"(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/"
|
|
"crates/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:17 src/android/build-rules/library.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"hello_rust_with_dep\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:21 src/android/build-rules/library.md:28
|
|
msgid "\"libgreetings\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:22
|
|
msgid "\"libtextwrap\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:24
|
|
msgid "// Need this to avoid dynamic link error.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:29
|
|
msgid "\"greetings\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:30 src/android/aidl/implementation.md:29
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:39
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"src/lib.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "`src/main.rs`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:48
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:51
|
|
msgid "//! Greeting library.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:52
|
|
msgid "/// Greet `name`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:55
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"Hello Bob, it is very\n"
|
|
"nice to meet you!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:59
|
|
msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:"
|
|
msgstr "Puedes compilar, insertar y ejecutar el binario como antes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:61
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep\" /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)](https://developer.android."
|
|
"com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El [lenguaje de definición de la interfaz de Android (AIDL)](https://"
|
|
"developer.android.com/guide/components/aidl) es compatible con Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md:8
|
|
msgid "Rust code can call existing AIDL servers,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El código de Rust puede llamar a servidores AIDL que ya se hayan creado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md:9
|
|
msgid "You can create new AIDL servers in Rust."
|
|
msgstr "Puedes crear servidores de AIDL en Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:1
|
|
msgid "AIDL Interfaces"
|
|
msgstr "Interfaces de AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:3
|
|
msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:"
|
|
msgstr "La API de tu servicio se declara mediante una interfaz de AIDL:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:9 src/android/aidl/changing.md:8
|
|
msgid "/** Birthday service interface. */"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:12 src/android/aidl/changing.md:11
|
|
msgid "/** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:17
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:21
|
|
msgid "\"com.example.birthdayservice\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:25
|
|
msgid "// Rust is not enabled by default\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the "
|
|
"vendor partition."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Añade `vendor_available: true` si un binario de la partición del proveedor "
|
|
"utiliza tu archivo de AIDL."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:1
|
|
msgid "Service Implementation"
|
|
msgstr "Implementación del servicio"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:3
|
|
msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:"
|
|
msgstr "Ahora podemos implementar el servicio de AIDL:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:5
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:8
|
|
msgid "//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n"
|
|
msgstr "Implementación del servicio"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:24 src/android/aidl/server.md:28
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:36
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:28 src/android/aidl/server.md:38
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthdayservice\""
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:30 src/android/aidl/server.md:13
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"birthdayservice\""
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:32 src/android/aidl/server.md:36
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:44
|
|
msgid "\"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:33 src/android/aidl/server.md:37
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:45
|
|
msgid "\"libbinder_rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:1
|
|
msgid "AIDL Server"
|
|
msgstr "Servidor de AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:3
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:"
|
|
msgstr "Por último, podemos crear un servidor que exponga el servicio:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:5
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:8 src/android/aidl/client.md:8
|
|
msgid "//! Birthday service.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:14
|
|
msgid "/// Entry point for birthday service.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:23
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to register service\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:32 src/android/aidl/server.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"birthday_server\""
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:34
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"src/server.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "`src/bin/server.rs`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:40 src/android/aidl/client.md:47
|
|
msgid "// To avoid dynamic link error.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:3
|
|
msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:"
|
|
msgstr "Ahora podemos crear, insertar e iniciar el servicio:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m birthday_server\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server\" /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"adb root\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:12
|
|
msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:"
|
|
msgstr "Comprueba que el servicio funciona en otra terminal:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:22
|
|
msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:"
|
|
msgstr "También puedes llamar al servicio con `service call`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:1
|
|
msgid "AIDL Client"
|
|
msgstr "Cliente de AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:3
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Por último, podemos crear un cliente de Rust para nuestro nuevo servicio."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:5
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:13
|
|
msgid "/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:19
|
|
msgid "/// Call the birthday service.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:29
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to connect to BirthdayService\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:31
|
|
msgid "\"{msg}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:40 src/android/aidl/client.md:41
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"birthday_client\""
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:42
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"src/client.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "`src/bin/client.rs`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:51
|
|
msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`."
|
|
msgstr "Ten en cuenta que el cliente no depende de `libbirthdayservice`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:53
|
|
msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:"
|
|
msgstr "Compila, inserta y ejecuta el cliente en tu dispositivo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:55
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m birthday_client\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client\" /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients "
|
|
"specify a list of lines for the birthday card:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ampliemos la API con más funciones. Queremos que los clientes puedan indicar "
|
|
"una lista de líneas para la tarjeta de cumpleaños:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) "
|
|
"or `stdout` (on-host):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utiliza el crate `log` para que se registre automáticamente en `logcat` (en "
|
|
"el dispositivo) o `stdout` (en el host):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:6
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:10 src/android/logging.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"hello_rust_logs\""
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"liblog_rust\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:15
|
|
msgid "\"liblogger\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:21
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:24
|
|
msgid "//! Rust logging demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:27
|
|
msgid "/// Logs a greeting.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:32
|
|
msgid "\"rust\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:35
|
|
msgid "\"Starting program.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:36
|
|
msgid "\"Things are going fine.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:37
|
|
msgid "\"Something went wrong!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:41 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:96
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:72
|
|
msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:"
|
|
msgstr "Compila, inserta y ejecuta el binario en tu dispositivo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:43
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs\" /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:49
|
|
msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:"
|
|
msgstr "Los registros se muestran en `adb logcat`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This "
|
|
"means that you can:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust admite sin problemas la interoperabilidad con otros lenguajes. Esto "
|
|
"significa que puedes hacer lo siguiente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:6
|
|
msgid "Call Rust functions from other languages."
|
|
msgstr "Llamar a funciones de Rust desde otros lenguajes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:7
|
|
msgid "Call functions written in other languages from Rust."
|
|
msgstr "Llamar a funciones escritas en otros lenguajes desde Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a "
|
|
"_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuando llamas a funciones en otro lenguaje, se dice que estás usando una "
|
|
"_interfaz de función externa_, también denominada FFI."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:1
|
|
msgid "Interoperability with C"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilidad con C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention. "
|
|
"Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust admite vincular archivos de objetos con una convención de llamada de C. "
|
|
"Del mismo modo, puedes exportar funciones de Rust y llamarlas desde C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:6
|
|
msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:"
|
|
msgstr "Si quieres, puedes hacerlo de forma manual:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:16
|
|
msgid "\"{x}, {abs_x}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper exercise](../../exercises/day-3/"
|
|
"safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ya lo hemos visto en el ejercicio [Envoltorio de FFI seguro](../../exercises/"
|
|
"day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for "
|
|
"production."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esto supone un conocimiento completo de la plataforma objetivo. No se "
|
|
"recomienda para producción."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:26
|
|
msgid "We will look at better options next."
|
|
msgstr "A continuación, estudiaremos otras opciones mejores."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:1
|
|
msgid "Using Bindgen"
|
|
msgstr "Uso de Bindgen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) "
|
|
"tool can auto-generate bindings from a C header file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La herramienta [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/"
|
|
"introduction.html) puede generar automáticamente enlaces desde un archivo de "
|
|
"encabezado de C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:6
|
|
msgid "First create a small C library:"
|
|
msgstr "En primer lugar, crea una biblioteca de C pequeña:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:8
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:19
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:22
|
|
msgid "<stdio.h>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:23
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:50
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:26
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:29
|
|
msgid "\"+--------------\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:27
|
|
msgid "\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:28
|
|
msgid "\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:33
|
|
msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:"
|
|
msgstr "Añade lo siguiente a tu archivo `Android.bp`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:106
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:39
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:63
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:40
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday.c\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this "
|
|
"example):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crea un archivo de encabezado de envoltorio para la biblioteca (no es "
|
|
"estrictamente necesario en este ejemplo):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:47
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:53
|
|
msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:"
|
|
msgstr "Ahora puedes generar automáticamente los enlaces:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:59
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:75
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday_bindgen\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:60
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"birthday_bindgen\""
|
|
msgstr "`rust_bindgen`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:61
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday_wrapper.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:62
|
|
msgid "\"bindings\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:67
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:"
|
|
msgstr "Por último, podemos utilizar los enlaces de nuestro programa de Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:73
|
|
msgid "\"print_birthday_card\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:74
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"main.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "`main.rs`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:79
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:82
|
|
msgid "//! Bindgen demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:89
|
|
msgid "// SAFETY: `print_card` is safe to call with a valid `card` pointer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:98
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card\" /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:104
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Por último, podemos ejecutar pruebas generadas automáticamente para "
|
|
"comprobar que los enlaces funcionan:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:110
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:112
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday_bindgen_test\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:111
|
|
msgid "\":libbirthday_bindgen\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:113
|
|
msgid "\"general-tests\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:115
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:116
|
|
msgid "\"none\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:115
|
|
msgid "// Generated file, skip linting\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:1
|
|
msgid "Calling Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Llamar a Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:3
|
|
msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:"
|
|
msgstr "Es fácil exportar las funciones y los tipos de Rust a C:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:5
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:8
|
|
msgid "//! Rust FFI demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:12
|
|
msgid "/// Analyze the numbers.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:17
|
|
msgid "\"x ({x}) is smallest!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:24
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:37
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:41
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:68
|
|
msgid "\"libanalyze_ffi\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:42
|
|
msgid "\"analyze_ffi\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:43
|
|
msgid "\"analyze.rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:48
|
|
msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:"
|
|
msgstr "Ahora podemos llamarlo desde un binario de C:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:50
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:53
|
|
msgid "\"analyze.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:62
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:66
|
|
msgid "\"analyze_numbers\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:67
|
|
msgid "\"main.c\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:74
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers\" /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:82
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol "
|
|
"will just be the name of the function. You can also use `#[export_name = "
|
|
"\"some_name\"]` to specify whatever name you want."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"\"#\\[no_mangle\\]\" inhabilita la modificación de nombres habitual de Rust, "
|
|
"por lo que el símbolo exportado será el nombre de la función. También puedes "
|
|
"utilizar `#[export_name = \"some_name\"]` para especificar el nombre que "
|
|
"quieras."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [CXX crate](https://cxx.rs/) makes it possible to do safe "
|
|
"interoperability between Rust and C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El [crate CXX](https://cxx.rs/) permite una interoperabilidad segura entre "
|
|
"Rust y C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:6
|
|
msgid "The overall approach looks like this:"
|
|
msgstr "El enfoque general es el siguiente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"CXX relies on a description of the function signatures that will be exposed "
|
|
"from each language to the other. You provide this description using extern "
|
|
"blocks in a Rust module annotated with the `#[cxx::bridge]` attribute macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:9
|
|
msgid "\"org::blobstore\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:11
|
|
msgid "// Shared structs with fields visible to both languages.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:17
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md:6
|
|
msgid "// Rust types and signatures exposed to C++.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:18
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:6
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md:7
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md:6
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:9
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md:10
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Rust\""
|
|
msgstr "Rustdoc"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:24
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:6
|
|
msgid "// C++ types and signatures exposed to Rust.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:25
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:7
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md:6
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:15
|
|
msgid "\"C++\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:26
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:8
|
|
msgid "\"include/blobstore.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:40
|
|
msgid "The bridge is generally declared in an `ffi` module within your crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"From the declarations made in the bridge module, CXX will generate matching "
|
|
"Rust and C++ type/function definitions in order to expose those items to "
|
|
"both languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To view the generated Rust code, use [cargo-expand](https://github.com/"
|
|
"dtolnay/cargo-expand) to view the expanded proc macro. For most of the "
|
|
"examples you would use `cargo expand ::ffi` to expand just the `ffi` module "
|
|
"(though this doesn't apply for Android projects)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:47
|
|
msgid "To view the generated C++ code, look in `target/cxxbridge`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:1
|
|
msgid "Rust Bridge Declarations"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:7
|
|
msgid "// Opaque type\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:8
|
|
msgid "// Method on `MyType`\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "// Free function\n"
|
|
msgstr "Funciones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Items declared in the `extern \"Rust\"` reference items that are in scope in "
|
|
"the parent module."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The CXX code generator uses your `extern \"Rust\"` section(s) to produce a C+"
|
|
"+ header file containing the corresponding C++ declarations. The generated "
|
|
"header has the same path as the Rust source file containing the bridge, "
|
|
"except with a .rs.h file extension."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md:15
|
|
msgid "Results in (roughly) the following C++:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:1
|
|
msgid "C++ Bridge Declarations"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:20
|
|
msgid "Results in (roughly) the following Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:30
|
|
msgid "\"org$blobstore$cxxbridge1$new_blobstore_client\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:39
|
|
msgid "\"org$blobstore$cxxbridge1$BlobstoreClient$put\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The programmer does not need to promise that the signatures they have typed "
|
|
"in are accurate. CXX performs static assertions that the signatures exactly "
|
|
"correspond with what is declared in C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`unsafe extern` blocks allow you to declare C++ functions that are safe to "
|
|
"call from Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md:9
|
|
msgid "// A=1, J=11, Q=12, K=13\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md:23
|
|
msgid "Only C-like (unit) enums are supported."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A limited number of traits are supported for `#[derive()]` on shared types. "
|
|
"Corresponding functionality is also generated for the C++ code, e.g. if you "
|
|
"derive `Hash` also generates an implementation of `std::hash` for the "
|
|
"corresponding C++ type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md:15
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Generated Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Unsafe Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md:33
|
|
msgid "Generated C++:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"On the Rust side, the code generated for shared enums is actually a struct "
|
|
"wrapping a numeric value. This is because it is not UB in C++ for an enum "
|
|
"class to hold a value different from all of the listed variants, and our "
|
|
"Rust representation needs to have the same behavior."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md:13
|
|
msgid "\"fallible1 requires depth > 0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md:16
|
|
msgid "\"Success!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust functions that return `Result` are translated to exceptions on the C++ "
|
|
"side."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The exception thrown will always be of type `rust::Error`, which primarily "
|
|
"exposes a way to get the error message string. The error message will come "
|
|
"from the error type's `Display` impl."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A panic unwinding from Rust to C++ will always cause the process to "
|
|
"immediately terminate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md:7
|
|
msgid "\"example/include/example.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"Error: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C++ functions declared to return a `Result` will catch any thrown exception "
|
|
"on the C++ side and return it as an `Err` value to the calling Rust function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If an exception is thrown from an extern \"C++\" function that is not "
|
|
"declared by the CXX bridge to return `Result`, the program calls C++'s `std::"
|
|
"terminate`. The behavior is equivalent to the same exception being thrown "
|
|
"through a `noexcept` C++ function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust Type"
|
|
msgstr "Rust by Example"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "C++ Type"
|
|
msgstr "Ejemplo en C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust::String`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_bindgen`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:6
|
|
msgid "`&str`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust::Str`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_test`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`CxxString`"
|
|
msgstr "String"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:7
|
|
msgid "`std::string`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:8
|
|
msgid "`&[T]`/`&mut [T]`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust::Slice`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_ffi`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:9
|
|
msgid "`rust::Box<T>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:10
|
|
msgid "`UniquePtr<T>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:10
|
|
msgid "`std::unique_ptr<T>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Vec<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`Vec`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust::Vec<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`CxxVector<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`Cell<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`std::vector<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types can be used in the fields of shared structs and the arguments "
|
|
"and returns of extern functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that Rust's `String` does not map directly to `std::string`. There are "
|
|
"a few reasons for this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::string` does not uphold the UTF-8 invariant that `String` requires."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The two types have different layouts in memory and so can't be passed "
|
|
"directly between languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::string` requires move constructors that don't match Rust's move "
|
|
"semantics, so a `std::string` can't be passed by value to Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:1
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:1
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Building in Android"
|
|
msgstr "Rust en Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a `cc_library_static` to build the C++ library, including the CXX "
|
|
"generated header and source file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:8
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md:10
|
|
msgid "\"libcxx_test_cpp\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:9
|
|
msgid "\"cxx_test.cpp\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:11
|
|
msgid "\"cxx-bridge-header\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:12
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:10
|
|
msgid "\"libcxx_test_bridge_header\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:14
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"libcxx_test_bridge_code\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Point out that `libcxx_test_bridge_header` and `libcxx_test_bridge_code` are "
|
|
"the dependencies for the CXX-generated C++ bindings. We'll show how these "
|
|
"are setup on the next slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that you also need to depend on the `cxx-bridge-header` library in "
|
|
"order to pull in common CXX definitions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Full docs for using CXX in Android can be found in [the Android docs]"
|
|
"(https://source.android.com/docs/setup/build/rust/building-rust-modules/"
|
|
"android-rust-patterns#rust-cpp-interop-using-cxx). You may want to share "
|
|
"that link with the class so that students know where they can find these "
|
|
"instructions again in the future."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create two genrules: One to generate the CXX header, and one to generate the "
|
|
"CXX source file. These are then used as inputs to the `cc_library_static`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Generate a C++ header containing the C++ bindings\n"
|
|
"// to the Rust exported functions in lib.rs.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:11
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:20
|
|
msgid "\"cxxbridge\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:12
|
|
msgid "\"$(location cxxbridge) $(in) --header > $(out)\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:13
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:22
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md:8
|
|
msgid "\"lib.rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"lib.rs.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:16
|
|
msgid "// Generate the C++ code that Rust calls into.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:21
|
|
msgid "\"$(location cxxbridge) $(in) > $(out)\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:23
|
|
msgid "\"lib.rs.cc\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cxxbridge` tool is a standalone tool that generates the C++ side of the "
|
|
"bridge module. It is included in Android and available as a Soong tool."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By convention, if your Rust source file is `lib.rs` your header file will be "
|
|
"named `lib.rs.h` and your source file will be named `lib.rs.cc`. This naming "
|
|
"convention isn't enforced, though."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a `rust_binary` that depends on `libcxx` and your `cc_library_static`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md:7
|
|
msgid "\"cxx_test\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md:9
|
|
msgid "\"libcxx\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:1
|
|
msgid "Interoperability with Java"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilidad con Java"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface (JNI)](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni` crate](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"jni/) allows you to create a compatible library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Java puede cargar objetos compartidos a través de la [interfaz nativa de "
|
|
"Java (JNI)](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). [El crate "
|
|
"`jni`](https://docs.rs/jni/) permite crear una biblioteca compatible."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:8
|
|
msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:"
|
|
msgstr "En primer lugar, creamos una función de Rust para exportar a Java:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:10
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:13
|
|
msgid "//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:18
|
|
msgid "/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:21
|
|
msgid "\"system\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:27
|
|
msgid "\"Hello, {input}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:33
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:63
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:37
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:70
|
|
msgid "\"libhello_jni\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:38
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:53
|
|
msgid "\"hello_jni\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:40
|
|
msgid "\"libjni\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:44
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We then call this function from Java:"
|
|
msgstr "Por último, podemos llamar a esta función desde Java:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:46
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:67
|
|
msgid "\"helloworld_jni\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:68
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"HelloWorld.java\""
|
|
msgstr "¡Hola, mundo!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:69
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"HelloWorld\""
|
|
msgstr "¡Hola, mundo!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:74
|
|
msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:"
|
|
msgstr "Ahora puedes compilar, sincronizar y ejecutar el binario:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a group exercise: We will look at one of the projects you work with "
|
|
"and try to integrate some Rust into it. Some suggestions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este es un ejercicio de grupo: escogeremos uno de los proyectos con los que "
|
|
"se esté trabajando e intentaremos integrar Rust en él. Algunas sugerencias:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:6
|
|
msgid "Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust."
|
|
msgstr "Llama a tu servicio de AIDL con un cliente escrito en Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:8
|
|
msgid "Move a function from your project to Rust and call it."
|
|
msgstr "Mueve una función desde tu proyecto a Rust y llámala."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone "
|
|
"in the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aquí la solución es abierta, ya que depende de que alguno de los asistentes "
|
|
"tenga un fragmento de código que se pueda convertir en Rust sobre la marcha."
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Rust in Chromium"
|
|
msgstr "Te Damos la Bienvenida a Rust en Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is supported for third-party libraries in Chromium, with first-party "
|
|
"glue code to connect between Rust and existing Chromium C++ code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Today, we'll call into Rust to do something silly with strings. If you've "
|
|
"got a corner of the code where you're displaying a UTF8 string to the user, "
|
|
"feel free to follow this recipe in your part of the codebase instead of the "
|
|
"exact part we talk about."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make sure you can build and run Chromium. Any platform and set of build "
|
|
"flags is OK, so long as your code is relatively recent (commit position "
|
|
"1223636 onwards, corresponding to November 2023):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(A component, debug build is recommended for quickest iteration time. This "
|
|
"is the default!)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [How to build Chromium](https://www.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/get-"
|
|
"the-code/) if you aren't already at that point. Be warned: setting up to "
|
|
"build Chromium takes time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md:21
|
|
msgid "It's also recommended that you have Visual Studio code installed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md:23
|
|
msgid "About the exercises"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This part of the course has a series of exercises which build on each other. "
|
|
"We'll be doing them spread throughout the course instead of just at the end. "
|
|
"If you don't have time to complete a certain part, don't worry: you can "
|
|
"catch up in the next slot."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust community typically uses `cargo` and libraries from [crates.io](https://"
|
|
"crates.io/). Chromium is built using `gn` and `ninja` and a curated set of "
|
|
"dependencies."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:6
|
|
msgid "When writing code in Rust, your choices are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `gn` and `ninja` with the help of the templates from `//build/rust/*."
|
|
"gni` (e.g. `rust_static_library` that we'll meet later). This uses "
|
|
"Chromium's audited toolchain and crates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cargo`, but [restrict yourself to Chromium's audited toolchain and "
|
|
"crates](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/"
|
|
"docs/rust.md#Using-cargo)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cargo`, trusting a [toolchain](https://rustup.rs/) and/or [crates "
|
|
"downloaded from the internet](https://crates.io/)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"From here on we'll be focusing on `gn` and `ninja`, because this is how Rust "
|
|
"code can be built into the Chromium browser. At the same time, Cargo is an "
|
|
"important part of the Rust ecosystem and you should keep it in your toolbox."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Mini exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Ejercicios"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:22
|
|
msgid "Split into small groups and:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Brainstorm scenarios where `cargo` may offer an advantage and assess the "
|
|
"risk profile of these scenarios."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Discuss which tools, libraries, and groups of people need to be trusted when "
|
|
"using `gn` and `ninja`, offline `cargo`, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ask students to avoid peeking at the speaker notes before completing the "
|
|
"exercise. Assuming folks taking the course are physically together, ask them "
|
|
"to discuss in small groups of 3-4 people."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notes/hints related to the first part of the exercise (\"scenarios where "
|
|
"Cargo may offer an advantage\"):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It's fantastic that when writing a tool, or prototyping a part of Chromium, "
|
|
"one has access to the rich ecosystem of crates.io libraries. There is a "
|
|
"crate for almost anything and they are usually quite pleasant to use. "
|
|
"(`clap` for command-line parsing, `serde` for serializing/deserializing to/"
|
|
"from various formats, `itertools` for working with iterators, etc.)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo` makes it easy to try a library (just add a single line to `Cargo."
|
|
"toml` and start writing code)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It may be worth comparing how CPAN helped make `perl` a popular choice. Or "
|
|
"comparing with `python` + `pip`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Development experience is made really nice not only by core Rust tools (e.g. "
|
|
"using `rustup` to switch to a different `rustc` version when testing a crate "
|
|
"that needs to work on nightly, current stable, and older stable) but also by "
|
|
"an ecosystem of third-party tools (e.g. Mozilla provides `cargo vet` for "
|
|
"streamlining and sharing security audits; `criterion` crate gives a "
|
|
"streamlined way to run benchmarks)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo` makes it easy to add a tool via `cargo install --locked cargo-vet`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:57
|
|
msgid "It may be worth comparing with Chrome Extensions or VScode extensions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Broad, generic examples of projects where `cargo` may be the right choice:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:61
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Perhaps surprisingly, Rust is becoming increasingly popular in the industry "
|
|
"for writing command line tools. The breadth and ergonomics of libraries is "
|
|
"comparable to Python, while being more robust (thanks to the rich "
|
|
"typesystem) and running faster (as a compiled, rather than interpreted "
|
|
"language)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:66
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Participating in the Rust ecosystem requires using standard Rust tools like "
|
|
"Cargo. Libraries that want to get external contributions, and want to be "
|
|
"used outside of Chromium (e.g. in Bazel or Android/Soong build environments) "
|
|
"should probably use Cargo."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:71
|
|
msgid "Examples of Chromium-related projects that are `cargo`\\-based:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:72
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`serde_json_lenient` (experimented with in other parts of Google which "
|
|
"resulted in PRs with performance improvements)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:74
|
|
msgid "Fontations libraries like `font-types`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:75
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`gnrt` tool (we will meet it later in the course) which depends on `clap` "
|
|
"for command-line parsing and on `toml` for configuration files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:77
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Disclaimer: a unique reason for using `cargo` was unavailability of `gn` "
|
|
"when building and bootstrapping Rust standard library when building Rust "
|
|
"toolchain.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:80
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`run_gnrt.py` uses Chromium's copy of `cargo` and `rustc`. `gnrt` depends on "
|
|
"third-party libraries downloaded from the internet, by `run_gnrt.py` asks "
|
|
"`cargo` that only `--locked` content is allowed via `Cargo.lock`.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:84
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students may identify the following items as being implicitly or explicitly "
|
|
"trusted:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:87
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rustc` (the Rust compiler) which in turn depends on the LLVM libraries, the "
|
|
"Clang compiler, the `rustc` sources (fetched from GitHub, reviewed by Rust "
|
|
"compiler team), binary Rust compiler downloaded for bootstrapping"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:90
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rustup` (it may be worth pointing out that `rustup` is developed under the "
|
|
"umbrella of the https://github.com/rust-lang/ organization - same as `rustc`)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:92
|
|
msgid "`cargo`, `rustfmt`, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:93
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Various internal infrastructure (bots that build `rustc`, system for "
|
|
"distributing the prebuilt toolchain to Chromium engineers, etc.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:95
|
|
msgid "Cargo tools like `cargo audit`, `cargo vet`, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:96
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust libraries vendored into `//third_party/rust` (audited by "
|
|
"security@chromium.org)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:98
|
|
msgid "Other Rust libraries (some niche, some quite popular and commonly used)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md:1
|
|
msgid "Chromium Rust policy"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Chromium does not yet allow first-party Rust except in rare cases as "
|
|
"approved by Chromium's [Area Tech Leads](https://source.chromium.org/"
|
|
"chromium/chromium/src/+/main:ATL_OWNERS)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Chromium's policy on third party libraries is outlined [here](https://"
|
|
"chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/adding_to_third_party."
|
|
"md#rust) - Rust is allowed for third party libraries under various "
|
|
"circumstances, including if they're the best option for performance or for "
|
|
"security."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Very few Rust libraries directly expose a C/C++ API, so that means that "
|
|
"nearly all such libraries will require a small amount of first-party glue "
|
|
"code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md:15
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
"\"C++\" Rust\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": Existing Chromium : : Chromium Rust Existing "
|
|
"Rust :\n"
|
|
": \"C++\" : : \"wrapper\" "
|
|
"crate :\n"
|
|
": +---------------+ : : +----------------+ +-------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | | : : | | | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": | o-----+-+-----------+-+-> o-+----------+--> "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": | | : Language : | | Crate | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +---------------+ : boundary : +----------------+ API +-------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - -' `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" _Stack_ _Heap_\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"list : : :\n"
|
|
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"First-party Rust glue code for a particular third-party crate should "
|
|
"normally be kept in `third_party/rust/<crate>/<version>/wrapper`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md:33
|
|
msgid "Because of this, today's course will be heavily focused on:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md:35
|
|
msgid "Bringing in third-party Rust libraries (\"crates\")"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md:36
|
|
msgid "Writing glue code to be able to use those crates from Chromium C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md:38
|
|
msgid "If this policy changes over time, the course will evolve to keep up."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build rules"
|
|
msgstr "Reglas de Compilación (Build)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust code is usually built using `cargo`. Chromium builds with `gn` and "
|
|
"`ninja` for efficiency --- its static rules allow maximum parallelism. Rust "
|
|
"is no exception."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:7
|
|
msgid "Adding Rust code to Chromium"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In some existing Chromium `BUILD.gn` file, declare a `rust_static_library`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can also add `deps` on other Rust targets. Later we'll use this to "
|
|
"depend upon third party code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You must specify _both_ the crate root, _and_ a full list of sources. The "
|
|
"`crate_root` is the file given to the Rust compiler representing the root "
|
|
"file of the compilation unit --- typically `lib.rs`. `sources` is a complete "
|
|
"list of all source files which `ninja` needs in order to determine when "
|
|
"rebuilds are necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(There's no such thing as a Rust `source_set`, because in Rust, an entire "
|
|
"crate is a compilation unit. A `static_library` is the smallest unit.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students might be wondering why we need a gn template, rather than using "
|
|
"[gn's built-in support for Rust static libraries](https://gn.googlesource."
|
|
"com/gn/+/main/docs/reference.md#func_static_library). The answer is that "
|
|
"this template provides support for CXX interop, Rust features, and unit "
|
|
"tests, some of which we'll use later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md:1
|
|
msgid "Including `unsafe` Rust Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe Rust code is forbidden in `rust_static_library` by default --- it "
|
|
"won't compile. If you need unsafe Rust code, add `allow_unsafe = true` to "
|
|
"the gn target. (Later in the course we'll see circumstances where this is "
|
|
"necessary.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [\n"
|
|
" \"lib.rs\",\n"
|
|
" \"hippopotamus.rs\"\n"
|
|
" ]\n"
|
|
" allow_unsafe = true\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md:3
|
|
msgid "Simply add the above target to the `deps` of some Chromium C++ target."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"# or source_set, static_library etc.\n"
|
|
"component(\"preexisting_cpp\") {\n"
|
|
" deps = [ \":my_rust_lib\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types are elided in Rust code, which makes a good IDE even more useful than "
|
|
"for C++. Visual Studio code works well for Rust in Chromium. To use it,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ensure your VSCode has the `rust-analyzer` extension, not earlier forms of "
|
|
"Rust support"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`gn gen out/Debug --export-rust-project` (or equivalent for your output "
|
|
"directory)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:10
|
|
msgid "`ln -s out/Debug/rust-project.json rust-project.json`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A demo of some of the code annotation and exploration features of rust-"
|
|
"analyzer might be beneficial if the audience are naturally skeptical of IDEs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The following steps may help with the demo (but feel free to instead use a "
|
|
"piece of Chromium-related Rust that you are most familiar with):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:22
|
|
msgid "Open `components/qr_code_generator/qr_code_generator_ffi_glue.rs`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Place the cursor over the `QrCode::new` call (around line 26) in "
|
|
"\\`qr_code_generator_ffi_glue.rs"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demo **show documentation** (typical bindings: vscode = ctrl k i; vim/CoC = "
|
|
"K)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demo **go to definition** (typical bindings: vscode = F12; vim/CoC = g d). "
|
|
"(This will take you to `//third_party/rust/.../qr_code-.../src/lib.rs`.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demo **outline** and navigate to the `QrCode::with_bits` method (around line "
|
|
"164; the outline is in the file explorer pane in vscode; typical vim/CoC "
|
|
"bindings = space o)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demo **type annotations** (there are quote a few nice examples in the "
|
|
"`QrCode::with_bits` method)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It may be worth pointing out that `gn gen ... --export-rust-project` will "
|
|
"need to be rerun after editing `BUILD.gn` files (which we will do a few "
|
|
"times throughout the exercises in this session)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build rules exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Reglas de Compilación (Build)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In your Chromium build, add a new Rust target to `//ui/base/BUILD.gn` "
|
|
"containing:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"**Important**: note that `no_mangle` here is considered a type of unsafety "
|
|
"by the Rust compiler, so you'll need to to allow unsafe code in your `gn` "
|
|
"target."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add this new Rust target as a dependency of `//ui/base:base`. Declare this "
|
|
"function at the top of `ui/base/resource/resource_bundle.cc` (later, we'll "
|
|
"see how this can be automated by bindings generation tools):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Call this function from somewhere in `ui/base/resource/resource_bundle.cc` - "
|
|
"we suggest the top of `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString`. Build "
|
|
"and run Chromium, and ensure that \"Hello from Rust!\" is printed lots of "
|
|
"times."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you use VSCode, now set up Rust to work well in VSCode. It will be useful "
|
|
"in subsequent exercises. If you've succeeded, you will be able to use right-"
|
|
"click \"Go to definition\" on `println!`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:32
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:48
|
|
msgid "Where to find help"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The options available to the [`rust_static_library` gn template](https://"
|
|
"source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/"
|
|
"rust_static_library.gni;l=16)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Information about [`#[no_mangle]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/reference/"
|
|
"abi.html#the-no_mangle-attribute)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Information about [`extern \"C\"`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword."
|
|
"extern.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Information about gn's [`--export-rust-project`](https://gn.googlesource.com/"
|
|
"gn/+/main/docs/reference.md#compilation-database) switch"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[How to install rust-analyzer in VSCode](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/"
|
|
"languages/rust)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This example is unusual because it boils down to the lowest-common-"
|
|
"denominator interop language, C. Both C++ and Rust can natively declare and "
|
|
"call C ABI functions. Later in the course, we'll connect C++ directly to "
|
|
"Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`allow_unsafe = true` is required here because `#[no_mangle]` might allow "
|
|
"Rust to generate two functions with the same name, and Rust can no longer "
|
|
"guarantee that the right one is called."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you need a pure Rust executable, you can also do that using the "
|
|
"`rust_executable` gn template."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust community typically authors unit tests in a module placed in the same "
|
|
"source file as the code being tested. This was covered [earlier](../testing."
|
|
"md) in the course and looks like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In Chromium we place unit tests in a separate source file and we continue to "
|
|
"follow this practice for Rust --- this makes tests consistently discoverable "
|
|
"and helps to avoid rebuilding `.rs` files a second time (in the `test` "
|
|
"configuration)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This results in the following options for testing Rust code in Chromium:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Native Rust tests (i.e. `#[test]`). Discouraged outside of `//third_party/"
|
|
"rust`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`gtest` tests authored in C++ and exercising Rust via FFI calls. Sufficient "
|
|
"when Rust code is just a thin FFI layer and the existing unit tests provide "
|
|
"sufficient coverage for the feature."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`gtest` tests authored in Rust and using the crate under test through its "
|
|
"public API (using `pub mod for_testing { ... }` if needed). This is the "
|
|
"subject of the next few slides."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that native Rust tests of third-party crates should eventually be "
|
|
"exercised by Chromium bots. (Such testing is needed rarely --- only after "
|
|
"adding or updating third-party crates.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some examples may help illustrate when C++ `gtest` vs Rust `gtest` should be "
|
|
"used:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"QR has very little functionality in the first-party Rust layer (it's just a "
|
|
"thin FFI glue) and therefore uses the existing C++ unit tests for testing "
|
|
"both the C++ and the Rust implementation (parameterizing the tests so they "
|
|
"enable or disable Rust using a `ScopedFeatureList`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Hypothetical/WIP PNG integration may need to implement memory-safe "
|
|
"implementation of pixel transformations that are provided by `libpng` but "
|
|
"missing in the `png` crate - e.g. RGBA => BGRA, or gamma correction. Such "
|
|
"functionality may benefit from separate tests authored in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`rust_gtest_interop`](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/"
|
|
"main/testing/rust_gtest_interop/README.md) library provides a way to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use a Rust function as a `gtest` testcase (using the `#[gtest(...)]` "
|
|
"attribute)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `expect_eq!` and similar macros (similar to `assert_eq!` but not "
|
|
"panicking and not terminating the test when the assertion fails)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Example:"
|
|
msgstr "Ejemplo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The simplest way to build Rust `gtest` tests is to add them to an existing "
|
|
"test binary that already contains tests authored in C++. For example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"test(\"ui_base_unittests\") {\n"
|
|
" ...\n"
|
|
" sources += [ \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
" deps += [ \":my_rust_lib\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Authoring Rust tests in a separate `static_library` also works, but requires "
|
|
"manually declaring the dependency on the support libraries:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib_unittests\") {\n"
|
|
" testonly = true\n"
|
|
" is_gtest_unittests = true\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [ \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
" deps = [\n"
|
|
" \":my_rust_lib\",\n"
|
|
" \"//testing/rust_gtest_interop\",\n"
|
|
" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"test(\"ui_base_unittests\") {\n"
|
|
" ...\n"
|
|
" deps += [ \":my_rust_lib_unittests\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After adding `:my_rust_lib` to GN `deps`, we still need to learn how to "
|
|
"import and use `my_rust_lib` from `my_rust_lib_unittest.rs`. We haven't "
|
|
"provided an explicit `crate_name` for `my_rust_lib` so its crate name is "
|
|
"computed based on the full target path and name. Fortunately we can avoid "
|
|
"working with such an unwieldy name by using the `chromium::import!` macro "
|
|
"from the automatically-imported `chromium` crate:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md:12
|
|
msgid "\"//ui/base:my_rust_lib\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md:18
|
|
msgid "Under the covers the macro expands to something similar to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"More information can be found in [the doc comment](https://source.chromium."
|
|
"org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/chromium_prelude/"
|
|
"chromium_prelude.rs?q=f:chromium_prelude.rs%20pub.use.*%5Cbimport%5Cb;%20-f:"
|
|
"third_party&ss=chromium%2Fchromium%2Fsrc) of the `chromium::import` macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rust_static_library` supports specifying an explicit name via `crate_name` "
|
|
"property, but doing this is discouraged. And it is discouraged because the "
|
|
"crate name has to be globally unique. crates.io guarantees uniqueness of its "
|
|
"crate names so `cargo_crate` GN targets (generated by the `gnrt` tool "
|
|
"covered in a later section) use short crate names."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Testing exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Rust on Exercism"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md:3
|
|
msgid "Time for another exercise!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md:5
|
|
msgid "In your Chromium build:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add a testable function next to `hello_from_rust`. Some suggestions: adding "
|
|
"two integers received as arguments, computing the nth Fibonacci number, "
|
|
"summing integers in a slice, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md:10
|
|
msgid "Add a separate `..._unittest.rs` file with a test for the new function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md:11
|
|
msgid "Add the new tests to `BUILD.gn`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md:12
|
|
msgid "Build the tests, run them, and verify that the new test works."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust community offers multiple options for C++/Rust interop, with new "
|
|
"tools being developed all the time. At the moment, Chromium uses a tool "
|
|
"called CXX."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You describe your whole language boundary in an interface definition "
|
|
"language (which looks a lot like Rust) and then CXX tools generate "
|
|
"declarations for functions and types in both Rust and C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See the [CXX tutorial](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) for a full example of "
|
|
"using this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consulta el [tutorial de CXX](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) para ver un "
|
|
"ejemplo completo de su uso."
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Talk through the diagram. Explain that behind the scenes, this is doing just "
|
|
"the same as you previously did. Point out that automating the process has "
|
|
"the following benefits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The tool guarantees that the C++ and Rust sides match (e.g. you get compile "
|
|
"errors if the `#[cxx::bridge]` doesn't match the actual C++ or Rust "
|
|
"definitions, but with out-of-sync manual bindings you'd get Undefined "
|
|
"Behavior)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The tool automates generation of FFI thunks (small, C-ABI-compatible, free "
|
|
"functions) for non-C features (e.g. enabling FFI calls into Rust or C++ "
|
|
"methods; manual bindings would require authoring such top-level, free "
|
|
"functions manually)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:31
|
|
msgid "The tool and the library can handle a set of core types - for example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&[T]` can be passed across the FFI boundary, even though it doesn't "
|
|
"guarantee any particular ABI or memory layout. With manual bindings `std::"
|
|
"span<T>` / `&[T]` have to be manually destructured and rebuilt out of a "
|
|
"pointer and length - this is error-prone given that each language represents "
|
|
"empty slices slightly differently)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Smart pointers like `std::unique_ptr<T>`, `std::shared_ptr<T>`, and/or `Box` "
|
|
"are natively supported. With manual bindings, one would have to pass C-ABI-"
|
|
"compatible raw pointers, which would increase lifetime and memory-safety "
|
|
"risks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rust::String` and `CxxString` types understand and maintain differences in "
|
|
"string representation across the languages (e.g. `rust::String::lossy` can "
|
|
"build a Rust string from non-UTF8 input and `rust::String::c_str` can NUL-"
|
|
"terminate a string)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"CXX requires that the whole C++/Rust boundary is declared in `cxx::bridge` "
|
|
"modules inside `.rs` source code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:16
|
|
msgid "\"example/include/blobstore.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:24
|
|
msgid "// Definitions of Rust types and functions go here\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:30
|
|
msgid "Point out:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Although this looks like a regular Rust `mod`, the `#[cxx::bridge]` "
|
|
"procedural macro does complex things to it. The generated code is quite a "
|
|
"bit more sophisticated - though this does still result in a `mod` called "
|
|
"`ffi` in your code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:36
|
|
msgid "Native support for C++'s `std::unique_ptr` in Rust"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Native support for Rust slices in C++"
|
|
msgstr "Asistencia integrada para pruebas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:38
|
|
msgid "Calls from C++ to Rust, and Rust types (in the top part)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:39
|
|
msgid "Calls from Rust to C++, and C++ types (in the bottom part)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"**Common misconception**: It _looks_ like a C++ header is being parsed by "
|
|
"Rust, but this is misleading. This header is never interpreted by Rust, but "
|
|
"simply `#include`d in the generated C++ code for the benefit of C++ "
|
|
"compilers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By far the most useful page when using CXX is the [type reference](https://"
|
|
"cxx.rs/bindings.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Muestra la correspondencia entre [los tipos de Rust y C++](https://cxx.rs/"
|
|
"bindings.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:5
|
|
msgid "CXX fundamentally suits cases where:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Your Rust-C++ interface is sufficiently simple that you can declare all of "
|
|
"it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You're using only the types natively supported by CXX already, for example "
|
|
"`std::unique_ptr`, `std::string`, `&[u8]` etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It has many limitations --- for example lack of support for Rust's `Option` "
|
|
"type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These limitations constrain us to using Rust in Chromium only for well "
|
|
"isolated \"leaf nodes\" rather than for arbitrary Rust-C++ interop. When "
|
|
"considering a use-case for Rust in Chromium, a good starting point is to "
|
|
"draft the CXX bindings for the language boundary to see if it appears simple "
|
|
"enough."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should also discuss some of the other sticky points with CXX, for "
|
|
"example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Its error handling is based around C++ exceptions (given on the next slide)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:29
|
|
msgid "Function pointers are awkward to use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"CXX's [support for `Result<T,E>`](https://cxx.rs/binding/result.html) relies "
|
|
"on C++ exceptions, so we can't use that in Chromium. Alternatives:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:6
|
|
msgid "The `T` part of `Result<T, E>` can be:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Returned via out parameters (e.g. via `&mut T`). This requires that `T` can "
|
|
"be passed across the FFI boundary - for example `T` has to be:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:9
|
|
msgid "A primitive type (like `u32` or `usize`)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A type natively supported by `cxx` (like `UniquePtr<T>`) that has a suitable "
|
|
"default value to use in a failure case (_unlike_ `Box<T>`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Retained on the Rust side, and exposed via reference. This may be needed "
|
|
"when `T` is a Rust type, which cannot be passed across the FFI boundary, and "
|
|
"cannot be stored in `UniquePtr<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:16
|
|
msgid "The `E` part of `Result<T, E>` can be:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Returned as a boolean (e.g. `true` representing success, and `false` "
|
|
"representing failure)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Preserving error details is in theory possible, but so far hasn't been "
|
|
"needed in practice."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "CXX Error Handling: QR Example"
|
|
msgstr "Manejo de Errores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The QR code generator is [an example](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/"
|
|
"chromium/src/+/main:components/qr_code_generator/qr_code_generator_ffi_glue."
|
|
"rs;l=13-18;drc=7bf1b75b910ca430501b9c6a74c1d18a0223ecca) where a boolean is "
|
|
"used to communicate success vs failure, and where the successful result can "
|
|
"be passed across the FFI boundary:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md:8
|
|
msgid "\"qr_code_generator\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students may be curious about the semantics of the `out_qr_size` output. "
|
|
"This is not the size of the vector, but the size of the QR code (and "
|
|
"admittedly it is a bit redundant - this is the square root of the size of "
|
|
"the vector)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It may be worth pointing out the importance of initializing `out_qr_size` "
|
|
"before calling into the Rust function. Creation of a Rust reference that "
|
|
"points to uninitialized memory results in Undefined Behavior (unlike in C++, "
|
|
"when only the act of dereferencing such memory results in UB)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students ask about `Pin`, then explain why CXX needs it for mutable "
|
|
"references to C++ data: the answer is that C++ data can’t be moved around "
|
|
"like Rust data, because it may contain self-referential pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "CXX Error Handling: PNG Example"
|
|
msgstr "Manejo de Errores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A prototype of a PNG decoder illustrates what can be done when the "
|
|
"successful result cannot be passed across the FFI boundary:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:7
|
|
msgid "\"gfx::rust_bindings\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// This returns an FFI-friendly equivalent of `Result<PngReader<'a>,\n"
|
|
" /// ()>`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:14
|
|
msgid "/// C++ bindings for the `crate::png::ResultOfPngReader` type.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:21
|
|
msgid "/// C++ bindings for the `crate::png::PngReader` type.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PngReader` and `ResultOfPngReader` are Rust types --- objects of these "
|
|
"types cannot cross the FFI boundary without indirection of a `Box<T>`. We "
|
|
"can't have an `out_parameter: &mut PngReader`, because CXX doesn't allow C++ "
|
|
"to store Rust objects by value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This example illustrates that even though CXX doesn't support arbitrary "
|
|
"generics nor templates, we can still pass them across the FFI boundary by "
|
|
"manually specializing / monomorphizing them into a non-generic type. In the "
|
|
"example `ResultOfPngReader` is a non-generic type that forwards into "
|
|
"appropriate methods of `Result<T, E>` (e.g. into `is_err`, `unwrap`, and/or "
|
|
"`as_mut`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:1
|
|
msgid "Using cxx in Chromium"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In Chromium, we define an independent `#[cxx::bridge] mod` for each leaf-"
|
|
"node where we want to use Rust. You'd typically have one for each "
|
|
"`rust_static_library`. Just add"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"cxx_bindings = [ \"my_rust_file.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
" # list of files containing #[cxx::bridge], not all source files\n"
|
|
"allow_unsafe = true\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"to your existing `rust_static_library` target alongside `crate_root` and "
|
|
"`sources`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:16
|
|
msgid "C++ headers will be generated at a sensible location, so you can just"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"ui/base/my_rust_file.rs.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will find some utility functions in `//base` to convert to/from Chromium "
|
|
"C++ types to CXX Rust types --- for example [`SpanToRustSlice`](https://"
|
|
"source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:base/containers/span_rust.h;"
|
|
"l=21)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:27
|
|
msgid "Students may ask --- why do we still need `allow_unsafe = true`?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The broad answer is that no C/C++ code is \"safe\" by the normal Rust "
|
|
"standards. Calling back and forth to C/C++ from Rust may do arbitrary things "
|
|
"to memory, and compromise the safety of Rust's own data layouts. Presence of "
|
|
"_too many_ `unsafe` keywords in C/C++ interop can harm the signal-to-noise "
|
|
"ratio of such a keyword, and is [controversial](https://steveklabnik.com/"
|
|
"writing/the-cxx-debate), but strictly, bringing any foreign code into a Rust "
|
|
"binary can cause unexpected behavior from Rust's perspective."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The narrow answer lies in the diagram at the top of [this page](../"
|
|
"interoperability-with-cpp.md) --- behind the scenes, CXX generates Rust "
|
|
"`unsafe` and `extern \"C\"` functions just like we did manually in the "
|
|
"previous section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Interoperability with C++"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilidad con C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:3
|
|
msgid "Part one"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the Rust file you previously created, add a `#[cxx::bridge]` which "
|
|
"specifies a single function, to be called from C++, called "
|
|
"`hello_from_rust`, taking no parameters and returning no value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Modify your previous `hello_from_rust` function to remove `extern \"C\"` and "
|
|
"`#[no_mangle]`. This is now just a standard Rust function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:10
|
|
msgid "Modify your `gn` target to build these bindings."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In your C++ code, remove the forward-declaration of `hello_from_rust`. "
|
|
"Instead, include the generated header file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:13
|
|
msgid "Build and run!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:15
|
|
msgid "Part two"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It's a good idea to play with CXX a little. It helps you think about how "
|
|
"flexible Rust in Chromium actually is."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Some things to try:"
|
|
msgstr "Algunas notas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:22
|
|
msgid "Call back into C++ from Rust. You will need:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An additional header file which you can `include!` from your `cxx::bridge`. "
|
|
"You'll need to declare your C++ function in that new header file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `unsafe` block to call such a function, or alternatively specify the "
|
|
"`unsafe` keyword in your `#[cxx::bridge]` [as described here](https://cxx.rs/"
|
|
"extern-c++.html#functions-and-member-functions)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You may also need to `#include \"third_party/rust/cxx/v1/crate/include/cxx."
|
|
"h\"`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:29
|
|
msgid "Pass a C++ string from C++ into Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:30
|
|
msgid "Pass a reference to a C++ object into Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Intentionally get the Rust function signatures mismatched from the `#[cxx::"
|
|
"bridge]`, and get used to the errors you see."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Intentionally get the C++ function signatures mismatched from the `#[cxx::"
|
|
"bridge]`, and get used to the errors you see."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Pass a `std::unique_ptr` of some type from C++ into Rust, so that Rust can "
|
|
"own some C++ object."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a Rust object and pass it into C++, so that C++ owns it. (Hint: you "
|
|
"need a `Box`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:39
|
|
msgid "Declare some methods on a C++ type. Call them from Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:40
|
|
msgid "Declare some methods on a Rust type. Call them from C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:42
|
|
msgid "Part three"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Now you understand the strengths and limitations of CXX interop, think of a "
|
|
"couple of use-cases for Rust in Chromium where the interface would be "
|
|
"sufficiently simple. Sketch how you might define that interface."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:50
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The [`cxx` binding reference](https://cxx.rs/bindings.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Muestra la correspondencia entre [los tipos de Rust y C++](https://cxx.rs/"
|
|
"bindings.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`rust_static_library` gn template](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/"
|
|
"chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/rust_static_library.gni;l=16)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:57
|
|
msgid "Some of the questions you may encounter:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"I'm seeing a problem initializing a variable of type X with type Y, where X "
|
|
"and Y are both function types. This is because your C++ function doesn't "
|
|
"quite match the declaration in your `cxx::bridge`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:62
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"I seem to be able to freely convert C++ references into Rust references. "
|
|
"Doesn't that risk UB? For CXX's _opaque_ types, no, because they are zero-"
|
|
"sized. For CXX trivial types yes, it's _possible_ to cause UB, although "
|
|
"CXX's design makes it quite difficult to craft such an example."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust libraries are called \"crates\" and are found at [crates.io](https://"
|
|
"crates.io). It's _very easy_ for Rust crates to depend upon one another. So "
|
|
"they do!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "C++ library"
|
|
msgstr "Biblioteca"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust crate"
|
|
msgstr "Ecosistema Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build system"
|
|
msgstr "Ecosistema Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:8
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:10
|
|
msgid "Lots"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Consistent: `Cargo.toml`"
|
|
msgstr "`Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:9
|
|
msgid "Typical library size"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:9
|
|
msgid "Large-ish"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:9
|
|
msgid "Small"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:10
|
|
msgid "Transitive dependencies"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:10
|
|
msgid "Few"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:12
|
|
msgid "For a Chromium engineer, this has pros and cons:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All crates use a common build system so we can automate their inclusion into "
|
|
"Chromium..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"... but, crates typically have transitive dependencies, so you will likely "
|
|
"have to bring in multiple libraries."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:19
|
|
msgid "We'll discuss:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:21
|
|
msgid "How to put a crate in the Chromium source code tree"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:22
|
|
msgid "How to make `gn` build rules for it"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:23
|
|
msgid "How to audit its source code for sufficient safety."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md:1
|
|
msgid "Configuring the `Cargo.toml` file to add crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Chromium has a single set of centrally-managed direct crate dependencies. "
|
|
"These are managed through a single [`Cargo.toml`](https://source.chromium."
|
|
"org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/Cargo."
|
|
"toml):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"bitflags = \"1\"\n"
|
|
"cfg-if = \"1\"\n"
|
|
"cxx = \"1\"\n"
|
|
"# lots more...\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As with any other `Cargo.toml`, you can specify [more details about the "
|
|
"dependencies](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/specifying-"
|
|
"dependencies.html) --- most commonly, you'll want to specify the `features` "
|
|
"that you wish to enable in the crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When adding a crate to Chromium, you'll often need to provide some extra "
|
|
"information in an additional file, `gnrt_config.toml`, which we'll meet next."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Alongside `Cargo.toml` is [`gnrt_config.toml`](https://source.chromium.org/"
|
|
"chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/gnrt_config."
|
|
"toml). This contains Chromium-specific extensions to crate handling."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you add a new crate, you should specify at least the `group`. This is one "
|
|
"of:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md:15
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md:15
|
|
msgid "For instance,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Depending on the crate source code layout, you may also need to use this "
|
|
"file to specify where its `LICENSE` file(s) can be found."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Later, we'll see some other things you will need to configure in this file "
|
|
"to resolve problems."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A tool called `gnrt` knows how to download crates and how to generate `BUILD."
|
|
"gn` rules."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:6
|
|
msgid "To start, download the crate you want like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Although the `gnrt` tool is part of the Chromium source code, by running "
|
|
"this command you will be downloading and running its dependencies from "
|
|
"`crates.io`. See [the earlier section](../cargo.md) discussing this security "
|
|
"decision."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:17
|
|
msgid "This `vendor` command may download:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Your crate"
|
|
msgstr "Crates Útiles"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:20
|
|
msgid "Direct and transitive dependencies"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"New versions of other crates, as required by `cargo` to resolve the complete "
|
|
"set of crates required by Chromium."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Chromium maintains patches for some crates, kept in `//third_party/rust/"
|
|
"chromium_crates_io/patches`. These will be reapplied automatically, but if "
|
|
"patching fails you may need to take manual action."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Once you've downloaded the crate, generate the `BUILD.gn` files like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:9
|
|
msgid "Now run `git status`. You should find:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At least one new crate source code in `third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/"
|
|
"vendor`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At least one new `BUILD.gn` in `third_party/rust/<crate name>/v<major semver "
|
|
"version>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:15
|
|
msgid "An appropriate `README.chromium`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:17
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"major semver version\" is a [Rust \"semver\" version number](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/semver.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consulta el libro [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-"
|
|
"layout.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Take a close look, especially at the things generated in `third_party/rust`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Talk a little about semver --- and specifically the way that in Chromium "
|
|
"it's to allow multiple incompatible versions of a crate, which is "
|
|
"discouraged but sometimes necessary in the Cargo ecosystem."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If your build fails, it may be because of a `build.rs`: programs which do "
|
|
"arbitrary things at build time. This is fundamentally at odds with the "
|
|
"design of `gn` and `ninja` which aim for static, deterministic, build rules "
|
|
"to maximize parallelism and repeatability of builds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some `build.rs` actions are automatically supported; others require action:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:10
|
|
msgid "build script effect"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:10
|
|
msgid "Supported by our gn templates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:10
|
|
msgid "Work required by you"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:12
|
|
msgid "Checking rustc version to configure features on and off"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:12
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:13
|
|
msgid "None"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:13
|
|
msgid "Checking platform or CPU to configure features on and off"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Generating code"
|
|
msgstr "Genéricos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:14
|
|
msgid "Yes - specify in `gnrt_config.toml`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:15
|
|
msgid "Building C/C++"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:15
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:16
|
|
msgid "Patch around it"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:16
|
|
msgid "Arbitrary other actions"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Fortunately, most crates don't contain a build script, and fortunately, most "
|
|
"build scripts only do the top two actions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `ninja` complains about missing files, check the `build.rs` to see if it "
|
|
"writes source code files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If so, modify [`gnrt_config.toml`](../configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md) to "
|
|
"add `build-script-outputs` to the crate. If this is a transitive dependency, "
|
|
"that is, one on which Chromium code should not directly depend, also add "
|
|
"`allow-first-party-usage=false`. There are several examples already in that "
|
|
"file:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[crate.unicode-linebreak]\n"
|
|
"allow-first-party-usage = false\n"
|
|
"build-script-outputs = [\"tables.rs\"]\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Now rerun [`gnrt.py -- gen`](../generating-gn-build-rules.md) to regenerate "
|
|
"`BUILD.gn` files to inform ninja that this particular output file is input "
|
|
"to subsequent build steps."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some crates use the [`cc`](https://crates.io/crates/cc) crate to build and "
|
|
"link C/C++ libraries. Other crates parse C/C++ using [`bindgen`](https://"
|
|
"crates.io/crates/bindgen) within their build scripts. These actions can't be "
|
|
"supported in a Chromium context --- our gn, ninja and LLVM build system is "
|
|
"very specific in expressing relationships between build actions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md:8
|
|
msgid "So, your options are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md:10
|
|
msgid "Avoid these crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md:11
|
|
msgid "Apply a patch to the crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Patches should be kept in `third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/patches/"
|
|
"<crate>` - see for example the [patches against the `cxx` crate](https://"
|
|
"source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/"
|
|
"chromium_crates_io/patches/cxx/) - and will be applied automatically by "
|
|
"`gnrt` each time it upgrades the crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Once you've added a third-party crate and generated build rules, depending "
|
|
"on a crate is simple. Find your `rust_static_library` target, and add a "
|
|
"`dep` on the `:lib` target within your crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Specifically,"
|
|
msgstr "Específico del SO"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" +------------+ +----------------------+\n"
|
|
"\"//third_party/rust\" | crate name | \"/v\" | major semver version | \":"
|
|
"lib\"\n"
|
|
" +------------+ +----------------------+\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
" deps = [ \"//third_party/rust/example_rust_crate/v1:lib\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:1
|
|
msgid "Auditing Third Party Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Adding new libraries is subject to Chromium's standard [policies](https://"
|
|
"chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/docs/rust."
|
|
"md#Third_party-review), but of course also subject to security review. As "
|
|
"you may be bringing in not just a single crate but also transitive "
|
|
"dependencies, there may be a lot of code to review. On the other hand, safe "
|
|
"Rust code can have limited negative side effects. How should you review it?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Over time Chromium aims to move to a process based around [cargo vet]"
|
|
"(https://mozilla.github.io/cargo-vet/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Meanwhile, for each new crate addition, we are checking for the following:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Understand why each crate is used. What's the relationship between crates? "
|
|
"If the build system for each crate contains a `build.rs` or procedural "
|
|
"macros, work out what they're for. Are they compatible with the way Chromium "
|
|
"is normally built?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:17
|
|
msgid "Check each crate seems to be reasonably well maintained"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cd third-party/rust/chromium_crates_io; cargo audit` to check for known "
|
|
"vulnerabilities (first you'll need to `cargo install cargo-audit`, which "
|
|
"ironically involves downloading lots of dependencies from the internet[2](../"
|
|
"cargo.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ensure any `unsafe` code is good enough for the [Rule of Two](https://"
|
|
"chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/security/rule-of-2."
|
|
"md#unsafe-code-in-safe-languages)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:22
|
|
msgid "Check for any use of `fs` or `net` APIs"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Read all the code at a sufficient level to look for anything out of place "
|
|
"that might have been maliciously inserted. (You can't realistically aim for "
|
|
"100% perfection here: there's often just too much code.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These are just guidelines --- work with reviewers from `security@chromium."
|
|
"org` to work out the right way to become confident of the crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:1
|
|
msgid "Checking Crates into Chromium Source Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:3
|
|
msgid "`git status` should reveal:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:5
|
|
msgid "Crate code in `//third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Metadata (`BUILD.gn` and `README.chromium`) in `//third_party/rust/<crate>/"
|
|
"<version>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:9
|
|
msgid "Please also add an `OWNERS` file in the latter location."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should land all this, along with your `Cargo.toml` and `gnrt_config."
|
|
"toml` changes, into the Chromium repo."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"**Important**: you need to use `git add -f` because otherwise `.gitignore` "
|
|
"files may result in some files being skipped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As you do so, you might find presubmit checks fail because of non-inclusive "
|
|
"language. This is because Rust crate data tends to include names of git "
|
|
"branches, and many projects still use non-inclusive terminology there. So "
|
|
"you may need to run:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/keeping-up-to-date.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As the OWNER of any third party Chromium dependency, you are [expected to "
|
|
"keep it up to date with any security fixes](https://chromium.googlesource."
|
|
"com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/adding_to_third_party.md#add-owners). It is "
|
|
"hoped that we will soon automate this for Rust crates, but for now, it's "
|
|
"still your responsibility just as it is for any other third party dependency."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add [uwuify](https://crates.io/crates/uwuify) to Chromium, turning off the "
|
|
"crate's [default features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/"
|
|
"features.html#the-default-feature). Assume that the crate will be used in "
|
|
"shipping Chromium, but won't be used to handle untrustworthy input."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(In the next exercise we'll use uwuify from Chromium, but feel free to skip "
|
|
"ahead and do that now if you like. Or, you could create a new "
|
|
"[`rust_executable` target](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/"
|
|
"+/main:build/rust/rust_executable.gni) which uses `uwuify`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:13
|
|
msgid "Students will need to download lots of transitive dependencies."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:15
|
|
msgid "The total crates needed are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:17
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`instant`,"
|
|
msgstr "Constante"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:18
|
|
msgid "`lock_api`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:19
|
|
msgid "`parking_lot`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:20
|
|
msgid "`parking_lot_core`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:21
|
|
msgid "`redox_syscall`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:22
|
|
msgid "`scopeguard`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:23
|
|
msgid "`smallvec`, and"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:24
|
|
msgid "`uwuify`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students are downloading even more than that, they probably forgot to "
|
|
"turn off the default features."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Thanks to [Daniel Liu](https://github.com/Daniel-Liu-c0deb0t) for this crate!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:1
|
|
msgid "Bringing It Together --- Exercise"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you're going to add a whole new Chromium feature, bringing "
|
|
"together everything you already learned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:6
|
|
msgid "The Brief from Product Management"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A community of pixies has been discovered living in a remote rainforest. "
|
|
"It's important that we get Chromium for Pixies delivered to them as soon as "
|
|
"possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The requirement is to translate all Chromium's UI strings into Pixie "
|
|
"language."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There's not time to wait for proper translations, but fortunately pixie "
|
|
"language is very close to English, and it turns out there's a Rust crate "
|
|
"which does the translation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In fact, you already [imported that crate in the previous exercise](https://"
|
|
"crates.io/crates/uwuify)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(Obviously, real translations of Chrome require incredible care and "
|
|
"diligence. Don't ship this!)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:22
|
|
msgid "Steps"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Modify `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString` so that it uwuifies all "
|
|
"strings before display. In this special build of Chromium, it should always "
|
|
"do this irrespective of the setting of `mangle_localized_strings_`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you've done everything right across all these exercises, congratulations, "
|
|
"you should have created Chrome for pixies!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"UTF16 vs UTF8. Students should be aware that Rust strings are always UTF8, "
|
|
"and will probably decide that it's better to do the conversion on the C++ "
|
|
"side using `base::UTF16ToUTF8` and back again."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students decide to do the conversion on the Rust side, they'll need to "
|
|
"consider [`String::from_utf16`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct."
|
|
"String.html#method.from_utf16), consider error handling, and consider which "
|
|
"[CXX supported types can transfer a lot of u16s](https://cxx.rs/binding/"
|
|
"slice.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students may design the C++/Rust boundary in several different ways, e.g. "
|
|
"taking and returning strings by value, or taking a mutable reference to a "
|
|
"string. If a mutable reference is used, CXX will likely tell the student "
|
|
"that they need to use [`Pin`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/pin/). You may "
|
|
"need to explain what `Pin` does, and then explain why CXX needs it for "
|
|
"mutable references to C++ data: the answer is that C++ data can't be moved "
|
|
"around like Rust data, because it may contain self-referential pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The C++ target containing `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString` will "
|
|
"need to depend on a `rust_static_library` target. The student probably "
|
|
"already did this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `rust_static_library` target will need to depend on `//third_party/rust/"
|
|
"uwuify/v0_2:lib`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/solutions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Solutions to the Chromium exercises can be found in [this series of CLs]"
|
|
"(https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/5096560)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:1
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Bare Metal Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Te damos la bienvenida a Bare Metal Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people "
|
|
"who are familiar with the basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the "
|
|
"Comprehensive Rust course), and ideally also have some experience with bare-"
|
|
"metal programming in some other language such as C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este es un curso independiente de un día sobre Rust bare-metal, dirigido a "
|
|
"personas que están familiarizadas con los conceptos básicos de Rust (tal vez "
|
|
"después de completar el curso Comprehensive Rust). Lo ideal sería que "
|
|
"también tuvieran experiencia con la programación bare-metal en otros "
|
|
"lenguajes, como C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS "
|
|
"underneath us. This will be divided into several parts:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Hoy vamos a hablar de Rust \"bare-metal\": ejecutar código de Rust sin un "
|
|
"sistema operativo. Se dividirá en varias partes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:11
|
|
msgid "What is `no_std` Rust?"
|
|
msgstr "¿Qué es `no_std` en Rust?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:12
|
|
msgid "Writing firmware for microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr "Escribir firmware para microcontroladores."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:13
|
|
msgid "Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors."
|
|
msgstr "Escribir código bootloader o kernel para procesadores de aplicaciones."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:14
|
|
msgid "Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development."
|
|
msgstr "Algunos crates útiles para el desarrollo de Rust bare-metal."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit]"
|
|
"(https://microbit.org/) v2 as an example. It's a [development board](https://"
|
|
"tech.microbit.org/hardware/) based on the Nordic nRF51822 microcontroller "
|
|
"with some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected accelerometer and compass, and "
|
|
"an on-board SWD debugger."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En la parte del curso dedicada a los microcontroladores, utilizaremos la "
|
|
"versión 2 de [BBC micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) como ejemplo. Es una "
|
|
"[placa de desarrollo](https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/) basada en el "
|
|
"microcontrolador Nordic nRF51822 con algunos LED y botones, un acelerómetro "
|
|
"y una brújula conectados mediante I2C y un depurador SWD integrado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para empezar, instala algunas de las herramientas que necesitarás más "
|
|
"adelante. En gLinux o Debian:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Permite a los usuarios del grupo `plugdev` acceder al programador micro:bit:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:44 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:33
|
|
msgid "On MacOS:"
|
|
msgstr "En MacOS:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:7
|
|
msgid "`core`"
|
|
msgstr "`core`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:17
|
|
msgid "`std`"
|
|
msgstr "`std`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:24
|
|
msgid "Slices, `&str`, `CStr`"
|
|
msgstr "Slices, `&str`, `CStr`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:25
|
|
msgid "`NonZeroU8`..."
|
|
msgstr "`NonZeroU8`..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:26
|
|
msgid "`Option`, `Result`"
|
|
msgstr "`Option`, `Result`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:27
|
|
msgid "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..."
|
|
msgstr "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:29
|
|
msgid "`panic!`, `assert_eq!`..."
|
|
msgstr "`panic!`, `assert_eq!`..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:30
|
|
msgid "`NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions"
|
|
msgstr "`NonNull` y todas las funciones relacionadas con punteros habituales"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:31
|
|
msgid "`Future` and `async`/`await`"
|
|
msgstr "`Future` and `async`/`await`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:32
|
|
msgid "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..."
|
|
msgstr "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:33
|
|
msgid "`Duration`"
|
|
msgstr "`Duration`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:38
|
|
msgid "`Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`"
|
|
msgstr "`Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:39
|
|
msgid "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`"
|
|
msgstr "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:40
|
|
msgid "`String`, `CString`, `format!`"
|
|
msgstr "`String`, `CString`, `format!`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:45
|
|
msgid "`Error`"
|
|
msgstr "`Error`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:47
|
|
msgid "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`"
|
|
msgstr "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:48
|
|
msgid "`File` and the rest of `fs`"
|
|
msgstr "`File` y el resto de `fs`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:49
|
|
msgid "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`"
|
|
msgstr "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` y el resto de `io`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:50
|
|
msgid "`Path`, `OsString`"
|
|
msgstr "`Path`, `OsString`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:51
|
|
msgid "`net`"
|
|
msgstr "`net`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:52
|
|
msgid "`Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`"
|
|
msgstr "`Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:53
|
|
msgid "`spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`"
|
|
msgstr "`spawn`, `sleep` y el resto de `thread`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:54
|
|
msgid "`SystemTime`, `Instant`"
|
|
msgstr "`SystemTime`, `Instant`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:62
|
|
msgid "`HashMap` depends on RNG."
|
|
msgstr "`HashMap` depende de RNG."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:63
|
|
msgid "`std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`."
|
|
msgstr "`std` vuelve a exportar el contenido de `core` y `alloc`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:1
|
|
msgid "A minimal `no_std` program"
|
|
msgstr "Un programa `no_std` mínimo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:19
|
|
msgid "This will compile to an empty binary."
|
|
msgstr "Se compilará en un binario vacío."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:20
|
|
msgid "`std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`std` proporciona un controlador de _panic_; sin no hay, debemos "
|
|
"proporcionar uno nuestro."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:21
|
|
msgid "It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`."
|
|
msgstr "También puede proporcionarlo otro crate, como `panic-halt`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` to "
|
|
"avoid an error about `eh_personality`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dependiendo del objetivo, es posible que tengas que compilar con `panic = "
|
|
"\"abort\"` para evitar un error sobre `eh_personality`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to "
|
|
"define your own entry point. This will typically involve a linker script and "
|
|
"some assembly code to set things up ready for Rust code to run."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ten en cuenta que no hay `main` ni ningún otro punto de entrada; depende de "
|
|
"ti definir un punto de entrada propio. Esto suele implicar una secuencia de "
|
|
"comandos de enlazador y algún código de ensamblado de forma que todo esté "
|
|
"preparado para que se ejecute el código de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To use `alloc` you must implement a [global (heap) allocator](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para utilizar `alloc`, debes implementar un [asignador global (de _heap_)]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called once.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:25
|
|
msgid "// Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:29
|
|
msgid "// Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"A string\""
|
|
msgstr "String"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy "
|
|
"system allocator. Other crates are available, or you can write your own or "
|
|
"hook into your existing allocator."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`buddy_system_allocator` es un crate de terceros que implementa un _buddy "
|
|
"system allocator_ (una técnica de asignación de memoria) básico. Hay otros "
|
|
"crates disponibles, pero también puedes escribir el tuyo propio o conectarte "
|
|
"a tu asignador."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i.e. "
|
|
"in this case it can allocate regions of up to 2\\*\\*32 bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El parámetro const de `LockedHeap` es el orden máximo del asignador. Es "
|
|
"decir, en este caso, puede asignar regiones de hasta 2\\*\\*32 bytes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have "
|
|
"exactly one global allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in "
|
|
"the top-level binary crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si algún crate del árbol de dependencias depende de `alloc`, debes tener "
|
|
"exactamente un asignador global definido en el binario. Esto se suele hacer "
|
|
"en el crate binario de nivel superior."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the `panic_halt` "
|
|
"crate is linked in so we get its panic handler."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`extern crate panic_halt as _` es necesario para asegurar que el crate "
|
|
"`panic_halt` esté vinculado y así podamos obtener su controlador de _panic_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:47
|
|
msgid "This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este ejemplo se compilará pero no se ejecutará, ya que no cuenta con un "
|
|
"punto de entrada."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for "
|
|
"Cortex M microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El crate `cortex_m_rt` proporciona (entre otras cosas) un controlador de "
|
|
"reinicio para microcontroladores Cortex M."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of "
|
|
"abstraction."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A continuación, veremos cómo se accede a los periféricos con niveles de "
|
|
"abstracción cada vez mayores."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -"
|
|
"> !`, because returning to the reset handler doesn't make sense."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La macro `cortex_m_rt::entry` requiere que la función tenga el tipo `fn() -"
|
|
"> !`, ya que no tiene sentido devolver resultados al controlador de reinicio."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:31
|
|
msgid "Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`"
|
|
msgstr "Ejecuta el ejemplo con `cargo embed --bin minimal`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try "
|
|
"turning on an LED on our micro:bit:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La mayoría de los microcontroladores acceden a los periféricos a través de E/"
|
|
"S asignada a la memoria. Vamos a probar a encender un LED en nuestro micro:"
|
|
"bit:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:16
|
|
msgid "/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:19
|
|
msgid "// GPIO peripheral offsets\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:24
|
|
msgid "// PIN_CNF fields\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:34
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:21
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:26
|
|
msgid "// Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:37
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, and\n"
|
|
" // no aliases exist.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:56
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:39
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:30
|
|
msgid "// Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:72
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin 28 "
|
|
"to the first row."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El pin 21 de GPIO 0 está conectado a la primera columna de la matriz de LED "
|
|
"y el pin 28 a la primera fila."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:75
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:61
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:44
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:37
|
|
msgid "Run the example with:"
|
|
msgstr "Ejecuta el ejemplo con:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:1
|
|
msgid "Peripheral Access Crates"
|
|
msgstr "Crates de Acceso Periférico"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust "
|
|
"wrappers for memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/"
|
|
"pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html) files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) genera, en su gran mayoría, "
|
|
"envoltorios seguros de Rust para periféricos asignados a la memoria a partir "
|
|
"de archivos [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by "
|
|
"silicon vendors which describe the memory map of the device."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los archivos SVD (System View Description) son archivos XML que suelen "
|
|
"proporcionar los proveedores de silicio y que describen el mapa de memoria "
|
|
"del dispositivo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, "
|
|
"descriptions, addresses and so on."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se organizan por periférico, registro, campo y valor, con nombres, "
|
|
"descripciones y direcciones, etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:53
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects "
|
|
"which patch the mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated "
|
|
"crates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los archivos SVD suelen tener errores y estar incompletos, por lo que "
|
|
"existen varios proyectos que aplican parches a los errores, añaden detalles "
|
|
"que faltan y publican los crates generados."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:56
|
|
msgid "`cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things."
|
|
msgstr "`cortex-m-rt` proporciona la tabla de vectores, entre otras cosas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run `cargo objdump --bin "
|
|
"pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting binary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si instalas `cargo install cargo-binutils` puedes ejecutar `cargo objdump --"
|
|
"bin pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` para ver el binario resultante."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:1
|
|
msgid "HAL crates"
|
|
msgstr "Crates HAL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-"
|
|
"implementation-crates) for many microcontrollers provide wrappers around "
|
|
"various peripherals. These generally implement traits from [`embedded-hal`]"
|
|
"(https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Los crates HAL](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-"
|
|
"implementation-crates) de muchos microcontroladores incluyen envoltorios "
|
|
"alrededor de varios periféricos. Por lo general, implementan traits de "
|
|
"[`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:23
|
|
msgid "// Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`set_low` y `set_high` son métodos del trait `OutputPin` de `embedded_hal`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various "
|
|
"STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP, MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Hay crates HAL para muchos dispositivos Cortex-M y RISC-V, incluidos varios "
|
|
"microcontroladores STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP, MSP430, AVR y PIC."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:1
|
|
msgid "Board support crates"
|
|
msgstr "Crates de compatibilidad de placa"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific "
|
|
"board for convenience."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los crates de compatibilidad de placa proporcionan un nivel adicional de "
|
|
"envoltorio a una placa específica para mayor comodidad."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, "
|
|
"and a bit of initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En este caso, el crate de compatibilidad de placa proporciona solo nombres "
|
|
"más útiles y un poco de inicialización."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of the "
|
|
"microcontroller itself."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El crate también puede incluir controladores para algunos dispositivos "
|
|
"integrados fuera del propio microcontrolador ."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:35
|
|
msgid "`microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix."
|
|
msgstr "`microbit-v2` incluye un controlador sencillo para la matriz de LED."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:1
|
|
msgid "The type state pattern"
|
|
msgstr "El patrón de tipo de estado"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:11
|
|
msgid "// let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:19
|
|
msgid "// pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can "
|
|
"exist. Once a pin is moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los pines no implementan `Copy` ni `Clone`, por lo que solo puede haber una "
|
|
"instancia de cada uno. Cuando se quita un pin de la estructura del puerto, "
|
|
"nadie más puede usarlo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you "
|
|
"can’t keep use the old instance afterwards."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si cambias la configuración de un pin, se consumirá la instancia del pin "
|
|
"anterior y no podrás seguir usando la instancia previa."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, "
|
|
"the configuration state of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into "
|
|
"the type system, and ensures that you don't try to use a pin in a certain "
|
|
"way without properly configuring it first. Illegal state transitions are "
|
|
"caught at compile time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El tipo de un valor indica el estado en el que se encuentra: por ejemplo, en "
|
|
"este caso, el estado de configuración de un pin de GPIO. De esta manera, se "
|
|
"codifica la máquina de estados en el sistema de tipos, asegurando así que no "
|
|
"se use un pin de cierta forma sin antes configurarlo correctamente. Las "
|
|
"transiciones de estado ilegales se detectan durante el tiempo de compilación."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, but "
|
|
"not vice-versa."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puedes llamar a `is_high` en un pin de entrada y a `set_high` en un pin de "
|
|
"salida, pero no al revés."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:44
|
|
msgid "Many HAL crates follow this pattern."
|
|
msgstr "Muchos crates HAL siguen este patrón."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a "
|
|
"number of traits covering common microcontroller peripherals."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El crate [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) proporciona "
|
|
"una serie de traits que cubren los periféricos habituales de los "
|
|
"microcontroladores."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:6
|
|
msgid "GPIO"
|
|
msgstr "GPIO"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:7
|
|
msgid "ADC"
|
|
msgstr "ADC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:8
|
|
msgid "I2C, SPI, UART, CAN"
|
|
msgstr "I2C, SPI, UART, CAN"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:9
|
|
msgid "RNG"
|
|
msgstr "RNG"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:10
|
|
msgid "Timers"
|
|
msgstr "Temporizadores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:11
|
|
msgid "Watchdogs"
|
|
msgstr "Watchdogs"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Other crates then implement [drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/"
|
|
"awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) in terms of these traits, e.g. an "
|
|
"accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es entonces cuando otros crates implementan [controladores](https://github."
|
|
"com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) en función de estos "
|
|
"traits. Por ejemplo, un controlador de acelerómetro podría necesitar una "
|
|
"implementación de bus I2C o SPI."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other "
|
|
"platforms such as Linux on Raspberry Pi."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Hay implementaciones para muchos microcontroladores, así como otras "
|
|
"plataformas como Linux en Raspberry Pi."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it "
|
|
"isn't stable yet."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se está trabajando en una versión `async` de `embedded-hal`, pero aún no es "
|
|
"estable."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, "
|
|
"like OpenOCD but better integrated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) es un conjunto de herramientas de depuración "
|
|
"integradas muy útil, como OpenOCD, pero mejor integrado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"SWD (Serial Wire Debug) and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes"
|
|
msgstr " y JTAG a través de comprobaciones CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link y J-Link"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7
|
|
msgid "GDB stub and Microsoft DAP (Debug Adapter Protocol) server"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:8
|
|
msgid "Cargo integration"
|
|
msgstr "Integración de Cargo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log RTT "
|
|
"(Real Time Transfers) output and connect GDB. It's configured by an `Embed."
|
|
"toml` file in your project directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" y conectar GDB. Se configura mediante un archivo `Embed.toml` en el "
|
|
"directorio del proyecto."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is "
|
|
"an Arm standard protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the "
|
|
"CoreSight Debug Access Port of various Arm Cortex processors. It's what the "
|
|
"on-board debugger on the BBC micro:bit uses."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) es "
|
|
"un protocolo estándar de Arm mediante USB que permite que un depurador en "
|
|
"circuito acceda al puerto de acceso de depuración CoreSight de varios "
|
|
"procesadores Cortex de Arm. Es lo que utiliza el depurador integrado en el "
|
|
"BBC micro:bit"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-Link "
|
|
"is a range from SEGGER."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"ST-Link es una gama de depuradores en circuito de ST Microelectronics. J-"
|
|
"Link es una gama de SEGGER."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin "
|
|
"Serial Wire Debug."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El puerto de acceso de depuración suele ser una interfaz JTAG de 5 pines o "
|
|
"una SWD de 2 pines."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you "
|
|
"want to."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"probe-rs es una biblioteca que puedes integrar en tus propias herramientas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-"
|
|
"adapter-protocol/) lets VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any "
|
|
"supported microcontroller."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[El protocolo de adaptador de depuración de Microsoft](https://microsoft."
|
|
"github.io/debug-adapter-protocol/) permite que VSCode y otros IDEs depuren "
|
|
"el código que se ejecuta en cualquier microcontrolador compatible."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:30
|
|
msgid "cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library."
|
|
msgstr "cargo-embed es un binario compilado con la biblioteca probe-rs."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the debug "
|
|
"host and the target through a number of ringbuffers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"TTR (transferencias en tiempo real) es un mecanismo para transferir datos "
|
|
"entre el host de depuración y el objetivo a través de una serie de búferes "
|
|
"circulares."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_Embed.toml_:"
|
|
msgstr "Embed.toml:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:15
|
|
msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:"
|
|
msgstr "En un terminal en `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:23
|
|
msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:"
|
|
msgstr "En otro terminal del mismo directorio:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:25
|
|
msgid "On gLinux or Debian:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:43
|
|
msgid "In GDB, try running:"
|
|
msgstr "En GDB, prueba a ejecutar:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:1
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:1
|
|
msgid "Other projects"
|
|
msgstr "Otros proyectos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:3
|
|
msgid "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)"
|
|
msgstr "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:4
|
|
msgid "\"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\""
|
|
msgstr "\"Concurrencia en tiempo real basada en interrupciones\""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer queue"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Gestión de recursos compartidos, envío de mensajes, programación de tareas, "
|
|
"cola del temporizador, etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)"
|
|
msgstr "[Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:7
|
|
msgid "`async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB"
|
|
msgstr "Ejecutores `async` con prioridades, temporizadores, redes, USB, etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:8
|
|
msgid "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)"
|
|
msgstr "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection Unit "
|
|
"support"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"RTOS centrado en la seguridad con programación interrumpible y "
|
|
"compatibilidad con la unidad de protección de memoria."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:11
|
|
msgid "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)"
|
|
msgstr "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, "
|
|
"unprivileged drivers, IPC"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"RTOS de microkernel de Oxide Computer Company con protección de memoria, "
|
|
"controladores sin privilegios, IPC, etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:14
|
|
msgid "[Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)"
|
|
msgstr "[Enlaces para FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g. [esp-idf](https://esp-rs."
|
|
"github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Algunas plataformas tienen implementaciones `std`, como [esp-idf](https://"
|
|
"esp-rs.github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:20
|
|
msgid "RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework."
|
|
msgstr "RTIC se puede considerar un RTOS o un framework de concurrencia."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:21
|
|
msgid "It doesn't include any HALs."
|
|
msgstr "No incluye ningún HAL."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for "
|
|
"scheduling rather than a proper kernel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Usa el NVIC (controlador de interrupción virtual anidado) Cortex‐M para la "
|
|
"programación en lugar de un kernel propio."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:24
|
|
msgid "Cortex-M only."
|
|
msgstr "Solo Cortex-M."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Google utiliza TockOS en el microcontrolador Haven para las llaves de "
|
|
"seguridad Titan."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing "
|
|
"applications."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"FreeRTOS está escrito principalmente en C, pero hay enlaces de Rust para "
|
|
"aplicaciones de escritura."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
|
|
"serial port."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Leeremos la dirección desde una brújula I2C, y registraremos las lecturas en "
|
|
"un puerto serie."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:8
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-"
|
|
"morning.md) provided."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Después de realizar los ejercicios, puedes consultar las [soluciones]"
|
|
"(solutions-morning.md) correspondientes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
|
|
"serial port. If you have time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or "
|
|
"use the buttons somehow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Leeremos la dirección desde una brújula I2C, y registraremos las lecturas en "
|
|
"un puerto serie. Si tienes tiempo, prueba a mostrarlo también en los LED o "
|
|
"usa los botones de alguna forma."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:7
|
|
msgid "Hints:"
|
|
msgstr "Sugerencias:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/"
|
|
"latest/lsm303agr/) and [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/"
|
|
"microbit/) crates, as well as the [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit."
|
|
"org/hardware/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consulta la documentación sobre los crates [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"lsm303agr/latest/lsm303agr/) y [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/"
|
|
"latest/microbit/), así como [el hardware de micro:bit](https://tech.microbit."
|
|
"org/hardware/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C bus."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La unidad de medición inercial LSM303AGR está conectada al bus I2C interno."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"TWI es otro nombre para I2C, por lo que el periférico I2C maestro se llama "
|
|
"TWIM."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::"
|
|
"blocking::i2c::WriteRead` trait. The [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) struct implements this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El controlador LSM303AGR necesita algo que implemente el trait "
|
|
"`embedded_hal::blocking::i2c::WriteRead`. La estructura [`microbit::hal::"
|
|
"Twim`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) "
|
|
"implementa esto."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/"
|
|
"struct.Board.html) struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tienes una estructura [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/"
|
|
"microbit/struct.Board.html) con campos para los distintos pines y "
|
|
"periféricos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can also look at the [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi."
|
|
"com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but it shouldn't be necessary for "
|
|
"this exercise."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"También puedes consultar la \\[hoja de datos nRF52833\\][nRF52833 datasheet]"
|
|
"(https://infocenter.nordicsemi.com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) si quieres, "
|
|
"pero no debería ser necesario para este ejercicio."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and "
|
|
"look in the `compass` directory for the following files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Descarga la [plantilla de ejercicio](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) "
|
|
"y busca los siguientes archivos en el directorio `compass`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:29 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "`src/main.rs`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:47
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:34
|
|
msgid "// Configure serial port.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:55
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:42
|
|
msgid "// Use the system timer as a delay provider.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:58
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
|
|
" // TODO\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:61
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:71
|
|
msgid "\"Ready.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
|
|
" // TODO\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:70 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:387
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_Cargo.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "`Cargo.toml` (no debería ser necesario cambiarlo):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:92
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_Embed.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "`Embed.toml` (no debería ser necesario cambiarlo):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:108 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:988
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_.cargo/config.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "`.cargo/config.toml` (no debería ser necesario cambiarlo):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:121
|
|
msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:"
|
|
msgstr "Consulta la salida de serie en Linux con:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:129
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En Mac OS debería ser algo como lo siguiente (el nombre del dispositivo "
|
|
"puede ser algo diferente):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:137
|
|
msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom."
|
|
msgstr "Pulsa Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q para salir de Picocom."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Rust Bare Metal: Ejercicio de la Mañana"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([volver al ejercicio](compass.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:45
|
|
msgid "// Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:46
|
|
msgid "\"Setting up IMU...\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:64
|
|
msgid "// Set up display and timer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:74
|
|
msgid "// Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:82
|
|
msgid "\"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:120
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink all "
|
|
"LEDs\n"
|
|
" // on.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:1
|
|
msgid "Application processors"
|
|
msgstr "Procesadores de aplicaciones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. "
|
|
"Now let's try writing something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work "
|
|
"with QEMU's aarch64 ['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/"
|
|
"virt.html) board."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Hasta ahora hemos hablado de microcontroladores, como la serie Cortex‐M de "
|
|
"Arm. Ahora vamos a probar a escribir algo para Cortex-A. Para simplificar, "
|
|
"solo trabajaremos con la placa ['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/"
|
|
"system/arm/virt.html) aarch64 de QEMU."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of "
|
|
"privilege (exception levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application "
|
|
"processors do."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En términos generales, los microcontroladores no tienen un MMU ni varios "
|
|
"niveles de privilegio (niveles de excepción en las CPU de Arm, anillos en "
|
|
"x86), mientras que los procesadores de aplicaciones sí los tienen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for each "
|
|
"architecture. The 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real "
|
|
"hardware, but is designed purely for virtual machines."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"QEMU permite emular varias máquinas o modelos de placa diferentes para cada "
|
|
"arquitectura. La placa \"virt\" no se corresponde con ningún hardware real "
|
|
"concreto, pero está diseñada exclusivamente para máquinas virtuales."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Before we can start running Rust code, we need to do some initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Antes de que podamos empezar a ejecutar código de Rust, tenemos que hacer "
|
|
"alguna inicialización."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global entry\n"
|
|
"entry:\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable "
|
|
"MMU and\n"
|
|
" * caches.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" adrp x30, idmap\n"
|
|
" msr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
|
|
" msr mair_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
|
|
" /* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
|
|
" mrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
|
|
" bfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" msr tcr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate "
|
|
"any\n"
|
|
" * potentially stale local TLB entries before they start being used.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
" tlbi vmalle1\n"
|
|
" ic iallu\n"
|
|
" dsb nsh\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until "
|
|
"this\n"
|
|
" * has completed.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" msr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
|
|
" mrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
|
|
" orr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
|
|
" msr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
|
|
" adr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
|
|
" adr_l x30, bss_end\n"
|
|
"0: cmp x29, x30\n"
|
|
" b.hs 1f\n"
|
|
" stp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
|
|
" b 0b\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1: /* Prepare the stack. */\n"
|
|
" adr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
|
|
" mov sp, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Set up exception vector. */\n"
|
|
" adr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
" msr vbar_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Call into Rust code. */\n"
|
|
" bl main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
|
|
"2: wfi\n"
|
|
" b 2b\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:77
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the same as it would be for C: initialising the processor state, "
|
|
"zeroing the BSS, and setting up the stack pointer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es lo mismo que en C: inicializar el estado del procesador, poner a cero el "
|
|
"BSS y configurar el puntero de la _stack_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:79
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The BSS (block starting symbol, for historical reasons) is the part of the "
|
|
"object file which containing statically allocated variables which are "
|
|
"initialised to zero. They are omitted from the image, to avoid wasting space "
|
|
"on zeroes. The compiler assumes that the loader will take care of zeroing "
|
|
"them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El BSS (símbolo de inicio del bloque, por motivos históricos) es la parte "
|
|
"del objeto que contiene variables asignadas de forma estática que se "
|
|
"inicializan a cero. Se omiten en la imagen para evitar malgastar espacio con "
|
|
"ceros. El compilador asume que el cargador se encargará de ponerlos a cero."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:84
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The BSS may already be zeroed, depending on how memory is initialised and "
|
|
"the image is loaded, but we zero it to be sure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es posible que el BSS ya esté a cero, dependiendo de cómo se inicialice la "
|
|
"memoria y cómo se cargue la imagen, aunque se pone igualmente a cero para "
|
|
"estar seguros."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:86
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We need to enable the MMU and cache before reading or writing any memory. If "
|
|
"we don't:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Necesitamos habilitar la MMU y la caché antes de leer o escribir memoria. Si "
|
|
"no lo hacemos, sucederá lo siguiente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:88
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unaligned accesses will fault. We build the Rust code for the `aarch64-"
|
|
"unknown-none` target which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler "
|
|
"generating unaligned accesses, so it should be fine in this case, but this "
|
|
"is not necessarily the case in general."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los accesos no alineados fallarán. Compilamos el código Rust para el "
|
|
"objetivo `aarch64-unknown-none`, que define `+strict-align` para evitar que "
|
|
"el compilador genere accesos no alineados. En este caso debería estar bien, "
|
|
"pero no tiene por qué ser así en general."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:92
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The "
|
|
"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, "
|
|
"while the host has cacheable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host "
|
|
"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache "
|
|
"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost when the cache "
|
|
"is cleaned or the VM enables the cache. (Cache is keyed by physical address, "
|
|
"not VA or IPA.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si se estuviera ejecutando en una máquina virtual, podría provocar problemas "
|
|
"de coherencia en la caché. El problema es que la máquina virtual accede a la "
|
|
"memoria directamente con la caché inhabilitada, mientras que el host cuenta "
|
|
"con alias que se pueden almacenar en caché en la misma memoria. Incluso si "
|
|
"el host no accede explícitamente a la memoria, los accesos especulativos "
|
|
"pueden provocar que se llene la caché, haciendo que los cambios de uno u "
|
|
"otro se pierdan cuando se borre la caché o cuando la máquina virtual la "
|
|
"habilite. (La caché está codificada por dirección física, no por VA ni IPA)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:99
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For simplicity, we just use a hardcoded pagetable (see `idmap.S`) which "
|
|
"identity maps the first 1 GiB of address space for devices, the next 1 GiB "
|
|
"for DRAM, and another 1 GiB higher up for more devices. This matches the "
|
|
"memory layout that QEMU uses."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para simplificar, solo se utiliza una tabla de páginas codificada (consulta "
|
|
"`idmap.S`) que mapea la identidad del primer GiB de espacio de direcciones "
|
|
"para dispositivos, el siguiente GiB para DRAM y otro GiB más para más "
|
|
"dispositivos. Esto coincide con la disposición de memoria que utiliza QEMU."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:103
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We also set up the exception vector (`vbar_el1`), which we'll see more about "
|
|
"later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"También configuramos el vector de excepción (`vbar_el1`), del que veremos "
|
|
"más contenido en próximas dipositivas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:105
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All examples this afternoon assume we will be running at exception level 1 "
|
|
"(EL1). If you need to run at a different exception level you'll need to "
|
|
"modify `entry.S` accordingly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Todos los ejemplos de esta tarde se ejecutarán en el nivel de excepción 1 "
|
|
"(EL1). Si necesitas ejecutar en un nivel de excepción diferente, deberás "
|
|
"modificar `entry.S` según corresponda."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:1
|
|
msgid "Inline assembly"
|
|
msgstr "Ensamblaje integrado"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with "
|
|
"Rust code. For example, to make an HVC (hypervisor call) to tell the "
|
|
"firmware to power off the system:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A veces necesitamos usar el ensamblador para hacer cosas que no son posibles "
|
|
"con código Rust. Por ejemplo, hacer un "
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n"
|
|
" // anything with memory.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:23
|
|
msgid "\"hvc #0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:24
|
|
msgid "\"w0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:25
|
|
msgid "\"w1\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:26
|
|
msgid "\"w2\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:27
|
|
msgid "\"w3\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:28
|
|
msgid "\"w4\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:29
|
|
msgid "\"w5\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:30
|
|
msgid "\"w6\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:31
|
|
msgid "\"w7\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(If you actually want to do this, use the [`smccc`](https://crates.io/crates/"
|
|
"smccc) crate which has wrappers for all these functions.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"(Si realmente quieres hacer esto, utiliza el crate [`smccc`](https://crates."
|
|
"io/crates/smccc) que tiene envoltorios para todas estas funciones)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of "
|
|
"functions to manage system and CPU power states, among other things. It is "
|
|
"implemented by EL3 firmware and hypervisors on many systems."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"PSCI es la interfaz de coordinación de estado de alimentación de Arm, un "
|
|
"conjunto estándar de funciones para gestionar los estados de alimentación "
|
|
"del sistema y de la CPU, entre otras cosas. Lo implementan el firmware EL3 y "
|
|
"los hipervisores en muchos sistemas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the "
|
|
"inline assembly code, and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use "
|
|
"`inout` rather than `in` because the call could potentially clobber the "
|
|
"contents of the registers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La sintaxis `0 => _` significa inicializar el registro a 0 antes de ejecutar "
|
|
"el código de ensamblaje integrado e ignorar su contenido después. "
|
|
"Necesitamos utilizar `inout` en lugar de `in` porque la llamada podría "
|
|
"alterar el contenido de los registros."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This `main` function needs to be `#[no_mangle]` and `extern \"C\"` because "
|
|
"it is called from our entry point in `entry.S`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esta función `main` debe ser `#[no_mangle]` y `extern \"C\"`, ya que se "
|
|
"llama desde nuestro punto de entrada en `entry.S`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are conventionally "
|
|
"used by the bootloader to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. "
|
|
"According to the standard aarch64 calling convention (which is what `extern "
|
|
"\"C\"` specifies to use), registers `x0`–`x7` are used for the first 8 "
|
|
"arguments passed to a function, so `entry.S` doesn't need to do anything "
|
|
"special except make sure it doesn't change these registers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`_x0`–`_x3` son los valores de los registros `x0`–`x3`, que el bootloader "
|
|
"utiliza habitualmente para pasar elementos al árbol de dispositivos, como un "
|
|
"puntero. De acuerdo con la convención de llamadas estándar de aarch64 (que "
|
|
"es lo que `extern \"C\"` usa), los registros `x0`–`x7` se utilizan para los "
|
|
"primeros ocho argumentos que se pasan a una función, de modo que `entry.S` "
|
|
"no tiene que hacer nada especial, salvo asegurarse de que no cambia estos "
|
|
"registros."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:60
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ejecuta el ejemplo en QEMU con `make qemu_psci` en `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:1
|
|
msgid "Volatile memory access for MMIO"
|
|
msgstr "Acceso a la memoria volátil para MMIO"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:3
|
|
msgid "Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`."
|
|
msgstr "Se puede usar `pointer::read_volatile` y `pointer::write_volatile`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:4
|
|
msgid "Never hold a reference."
|
|
msgstr "Nunca retengas una referencia."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an intermediate "
|
|
"reference."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`addr_of!` permite obtener campos de estructuras sin crear una referencia "
|
|
"intermedia."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so prevent "
|
|
"the compiler or hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acceso volátil: las operaciones de lectura o escritura pueden tener efectos "
|
|
"secundarios, por lo que se debe evitar que el compilador o el hardware las "
|
|
"reordene, duplique u omita."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the "
|
|
"compiler may assume that the value read is the same as the value just "
|
|
"written, and not bother actually reading memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Normalmente, si escribes y luego lees (por ejemplo, a través de una "
|
|
"referencia mutable), el compilador puede suponer que el valor leído es el "
|
|
"mismo que el que se acaba de escribir, sin molestarse si quiera en leer "
|
|
"realmente la memoria."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, but "
|
|
"this is unsound. Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to "
|
|
"dereference it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Algunos crates para el acceso volátil al hardware sí mantienen referencias, "
|
|
"aunque no es seguro. Siempre que exista una referencia, el compilador puede "
|
|
"desreferenciarla."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to the "
|
|
"struct."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utiliza la macro `addr_of!` para obtener punteros de campos de estructuras a "
|
|
"partir de un puntero en la estructura."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:1
|
|
msgid "Let's write a UART driver"
|
|
msgstr "Vamos a escribir un controlador de UART"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0183/g) UART, so let's write a driver for that."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La máquina \"virt\" de QEMU tiene una UART [PL011]https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0183/g), así que vamos a escribir un controlador para ella."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:9
|
|
msgid "/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:17 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:29 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:25
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:337
|
|
msgid "/// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:31 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:27
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:339
|
|
msgid "// Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:34 src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:37 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:33
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:345
|
|
msgid "// Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:41 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:37
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:349
|
|
msgid "// Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is "
|
|
"because as long as the caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety "
|
|
"requirements are met (i.e. that there is only ever one instance of the "
|
|
"driver for a given UART, and nothing else aliasing its address space), then "
|
|
"it is always safe to call `write_byte` later because we can assume the "
|
|
"necessary preconditions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ten en cuenta que `Uart::new` no es seguro, mientras que los otros métodos "
|
|
"sí lo son. Esto se debe a que mientras que el llamador de `Uart::new` "
|
|
"asegure que se cumplan sus requisitos de seguridad (es decir, que solo haya "
|
|
"una instancia del controlador para una UART determinada y que nada más "
|
|
"asigne alias a su espacio de direcciones), siempre es más seguro llamar a "
|
|
"`write_byte` más adelante, ya que podemos asumir\\ las condiciones previas "
|
|
"necesarias."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:61
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but "
|
|
"`write_byte` unsafe), but that would be much less convenient to use as every "
|
|
"place that calls `write_byte` would need to reason about the safety"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Podríamos haberlo hecho al revés (haciendo que `new` fuese seguro y "
|
|
"`write_byte` no seguro), pero\\sería mucho menos cómodo de usar, ya que cada "
|
|
"lugar que llamase a `write_byte` tendría que pensar en la seguridad"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving "
|
|
"the burden of proof for soundness from a large number of places to a smaller "
|
|
"number of places."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este es un patrón común para escribir envoltorios seguros de código "
|
|
"inseguro: mover la carga de la prueba de seguridad de un gran número de "
|
|
"lugares a otro más pequeño."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:1
|
|
msgid "More traits"
|
|
msgstr "Más traits"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more "
|
|
"traits too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Hemos derivado el trait `Debug`. También sería útil implementar algunos "
|
|
"traits más."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:17 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:381
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:223
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
|
|
"// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with our "
|
|
"`Uart` type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Implementar `Write` nos permite utilizar las macros `write!` y `writeln!` "
|
|
"con nuestro tipo `Uart`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ejecuta el ejemplo en QEMU con `make qemu_minimal` en `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:1
|
|
msgid "A better UART driver"
|
|
msgstr "Un controlador UART mejor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers), and adding "
|
|
"offsets to construct pointers to access them is error-prone and hard to "
|
|
"read. Plus, some of them are bit fields which would be nice to access in a "
|
|
"structured way."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En realidad, PL011 tiene [muchos registros más](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers), por lo que "
|
|
"añadir desplazamientos para crear punteros que les permita acceder a ellos "
|
|
"da lugar a errores y dificulta la lectura. Además, algunos de ellos son "
|
|
"campos de bits a los que estaría bien acceder de forma estructurada."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
|
|
msgid "Offset"
|
|
msgstr "Desplazamiento"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
|
|
msgid "Register name"
|
|
msgstr "Nombre de registro"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
|
|
msgid "Width"
|
|
msgstr "Ancho"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9
|
|
msgid "0x00"
|
|
msgstr "0x00"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9
|
|
msgid "DR"
|
|
msgstr "DR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9
|
|
msgid "12"
|
|
msgstr "12"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10
|
|
msgid "0x04"
|
|
msgstr "0x04"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10
|
|
msgid "RSR"
|
|
msgstr "RSR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11
|
|
msgid "0x18"
|
|
msgstr "0x18"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11
|
|
msgid "FR"
|
|
msgstr "FR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11
|
|
msgid "9"
|
|
msgstr "9"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12
|
|
msgid "0x20"
|
|
msgstr "0x20"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12
|
|
msgid "ILPR"
|
|
msgstr "ILPR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13
|
|
msgid "0x24"
|
|
msgstr "0x24"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13
|
|
msgid "IBRD"
|
|
msgstr "IBRD"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16
|
|
msgid "16"
|
|
msgstr "16"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14
|
|
msgid "0x28"
|
|
msgstr "0x28"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14
|
|
msgid "FBRD"
|
|
msgstr "FBRD"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15
|
|
msgid "0x2c"
|
|
msgstr "0x2c"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15
|
|
msgid "LCR_H"
|
|
msgstr "LCR_H"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16
|
|
msgid "0x30"
|
|
msgstr "0x30"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16
|
|
msgid "CR"
|
|
msgstr "CR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17
|
|
msgid "0x34"
|
|
msgstr "0x34"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17
|
|
msgid "IFLS"
|
|
msgstr "IFLS"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18
|
|
msgid "0x38"
|
|
msgstr "0x38"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18
|
|
msgid "IMSC"
|
|
msgstr "IMSC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21
|
|
msgid "11"
|
|
msgstr "11"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19
|
|
msgid "0x3c"
|
|
msgstr "0x3c"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19
|
|
msgid "RIS"
|
|
msgstr "RIS"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20
|
|
msgid "0x40"
|
|
msgstr "0x40"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20
|
|
msgid "MIS"
|
|
msgstr "MIS"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21
|
|
msgid "0x44"
|
|
msgstr "0x44"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21
|
|
msgid "ICR"
|
|
msgstr "ICR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22
|
|
msgid "0x48"
|
|
msgstr "0x48"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22
|
|
msgid "DMACR"
|
|
msgstr "DMACR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:26
|
|
msgid "There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity."
|
|
msgstr "También hay algunos registros de ID que se han omitido para abreviar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for "
|
|
"working with bitflags."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El crate [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) resulta útil para "
|
|
"trabajar con bitflags."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:10
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:241
|
|
msgid "/// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:14
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:245
|
|
msgid "/// Clear to send.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:16
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:247
|
|
msgid "/// Data set ready.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:18
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:249
|
|
msgid "/// Data carrier detect.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:20
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:251
|
|
msgid "/// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:22
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:253
|
|
msgid "/// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:24
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:255
|
|
msgid "/// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:26
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:257
|
|
msgid "/// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:28
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:259
|
|
msgid "/// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:30
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:261
|
|
msgid "/// Ring indicator.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along "
|
|
"with a bunch of method implementations to get and set flags."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La macro `bitflags!` crea un newtype, como `Flags(u16)`, junto con un montón "
|
|
"de implementaciones de métodos para obtener y definir _flags_ (banderas)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:1
|
|
msgid "Multiple registers"
|
|
msgstr "Varios registros"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Podemos utilizar una estructura para representar la disposición de la "
|
|
"memoria de los registros de UART."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-"
|
|
"representation) tells the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, "
|
|
"following the same rules as C. This is necessary for our struct to have a "
|
|
"predictable layout, as default Rust representation allows the compiler to "
|
|
"(among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-"
|
|
"representation) indica al compilador que ordene los campos de la estructura "
|
|
"siguiendo las mismas reglas que en C. Esto es necesario para que nuestra "
|
|
"estructura tenga un diseño predecible, ya que la representación "
|
|
"predeterminada de Rust permite que el compilador (entre otras cosas) "
|
|
"reordene los campos como crea conveniente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:3
|
|
msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ahora vamos a utilizar la nueva estructura de `Registers` en nuestro "
|
|
"controlador."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:6
|
|
msgid "/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:30
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:54
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:342 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:366
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:41
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:353
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been\n"
|
|
" /// received.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:48
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:360
|
|
msgid "// TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual "
|
|
"fields without creating an intermediate reference, which would be unsound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Fíjate en el uso de `addr_of!` y `addr_of_mut!` para llevar punteros a "
|
|
"campos individuales sin crear una referencia intermedia. Sería una acción "
|
|
"insegura."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:1
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:1
|
|
msgid "Using it"
|
|
msgstr "Uso"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, "
|
|
"and echo incoming bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vamos a crear un pequeño programa con nuestro controlador para escribir en "
|
|
"la consola serie y compartir los bytes entrantes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:19
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:18 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:44
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:33
|
|
msgid "/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:25
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:24 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:50
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:29
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:29
|
|
msgid "\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:35
|
|
msgid "b'\\r'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:36
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:27
|
|
msgid "b'\\n'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:38
|
|
msgid "b'q'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:44
|
|
msgid "\"Bye!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` "
|
|
"function is called from our entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker "
|
|
"notes there for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Al igual que en el ejemplo de [ensamblaje integrado](../inline-assembly.md), "
|
|
"esta función `main` se llama desde nuestro código de punto de entrada en "
|
|
"`entry.S`. Consulta las notas del orador para obtener más información."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ejecuta el ejemplo en QEMU con `make qemu` en `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`]"
|
|
"(https://crates.io/crates/log) crate. We can do this by implementing the "
|
|
"`Log` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Estaría bien poder utilizar las macros de registro del crate [`log`](https://"
|
|
"crates.io/crates/log). Podemos hacerlo implementando el trait `Log`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:26 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:193
|
|
msgid "\"[{}] {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:35 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:202
|
|
msgid "/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling "
|
|
"`set_logger`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La desenvoltura en `log` es segura porque inicializamos `LOGGER` antes de "
|
|
"llamar a `set_logger`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:3
|
|
msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it."
|
|
msgstr "Debemos inicializar el registrador antes de utilizarlo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:38 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:72
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:115
|
|
msgid "\"{info}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:46
|
|
msgid "Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ten en cuenta que nuestro controlador de _panic_ ahora ya puede registrar la "
|
|
"información de los pánicos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ejecuta el ejemplo en QEMU con `make qemu_logger` en `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"AArch64 defines an exception vector table with 16 entries, for 4 types of "
|
|
"exceptions (synchronous, IRQ, FIQ, SError) from 4 states (current EL with "
|
|
"SP0, current EL with SPx, lower EL using AArch64, lower EL using AArch32). "
|
|
"We implement this in assembly to save volatile registers to the stack before "
|
|
"calling into Rust code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"AArch64 define una tabla de vectores de excepción con 16 entradas, para 4 "
|
|
"tipos de excepciones (synchronous, IRQ, FIQ, SError) desde 4 estados (EL "
|
|
"actual con SP0, EL actual con SPx, EL inferior con AArch64 y EL inferior con "
|
|
"AArch32). Implementamos esto en el ensamblaje para guardar los registros "
|
|
"volátiles en la _stack_ antes de llamar al código de Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:67
|
|
msgid "EL is exception level; all our examples this afternoon run in EL1."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"EL significa nivel de excepción (por sus siglas en inglés); todos nuestros "
|
|
"ejemplos de esta tarde se ejecutan en EL1."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:68
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For simplicity we aren't distinguishing between SP0 and SPx for the current "
|
|
"EL exceptions, or between AArch32 and AArch64 for the lower EL exceptions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para simplificar, no distinguimos entre SP0 y SPx para las excepciones del "
|
|
"EL actual, ni entre AArch32 y AArch64 para las excepciones de EL inferiores."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:70
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this example we just log the exception and power down, as we don't "
|
|
"expect any of them to actually happen."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En este ejemplo, nos limitaremos a registrar la excepción y a apagarla, ya "
|
|
"que no esperamos que se produzca ninguna."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:72
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can think of exception handlers and our main execution context more or "
|
|
"less like different threads. [`Send` and `Sync`](../../concurrency/send-sync."
|
|
"md) will control what we can share between them, just like with threads. For "
|
|
"example, if we want to share some value between exception handlers and the "
|
|
"rest of the program, and it's `Send` but not `Sync`, then we'll need to wrap "
|
|
"it in something like a `Mutex` and put it in a static."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Podríamos pensar en los controladores de excepciones y en nuestro contexto "
|
|
"de ejecución principal como si fueran hilos diferentes. [`Send` y `Sync`]"
|
|
"(../../concurrency/send-sync.md) controlarán lo que podemos compartir entre "
|
|
"ellos, igual que con los hilos. Por ejemplo, si queremos compartir algún "
|
|
"valor entre los controladores de excepciones y el resto del programa, y es "
|
|
"`Send`en vez de `Sync`, necesitaremos envolverlo en un `Mutex`, por ejemplo, "
|
|
"y ponerlo en un estático."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:3
|
|
msgid "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)"
|
|
msgstr "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:4
|
|
msgid "\"coreboot without the C\""
|
|
msgstr "\"coreboot sin la C\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:5
|
|
msgid "Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V."
|
|
msgstr "Compatible con x86, aarch64 y RISC-V."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:6
|
|
msgid "Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself."
|
|
msgstr "Depende de LinuxBoot en lugar de tener controladores propios."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-"
|
|
"raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Tutorial del SO de Rust en RaspberryPi][Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, "
|
|
"exception handling, page tables"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Inicialización, controlador de UART, bootloader sencillo, JTAG, niveles de "
|
|
"excepción, gestión de excepciones, tablas de páginas, etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some dodginess around cache maintenance and initialisation in Rust, not "
|
|
"necessarily a good example to copy for production code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Algunas dudas sobre el mantenimiento de la caché y la inicialización en "
|
|
"Rust, aunque no es precisamente un buen ejemplo para copiar en código de "
|
|
"producción."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:12
|
|
msgid "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)"
|
|
msgstr "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:13
|
|
msgid "Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage."
|
|
msgstr "Análisis estático para determinar el uso máximo de la _stack_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The RaspberryPi OS tutorial runs Rust code before the MMU and caches are "
|
|
"enabled. This will read and write memory (e.g. the stack). However:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El tutorial del sistema operativo en RaspberryPi ejecuta código de Rust "
|
|
"antes de que la MMU y las cachés se habiliten. De este modo, se leerá y "
|
|
"escribirá memoria (por ejemplo, la _stack_). Sin embargo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Without the MMU and cache, unaligned accesses will fault. It builds with "
|
|
"`aarch64-unknown-none` which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler "
|
|
"generating unaligned accesses so it should be alright, but this is not "
|
|
"necessarily the case in general."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sin la MMU y la caché, los accesos no alineados fallarán. Se compila con "
|
|
"`aarch64-unknown-none`, que define `+strict-align` para evitar que el "
|
|
"compilador genere accesos no alineados. Debería estar bien, pero no tiene "
|
|
"por qué ser así, en general."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The "
|
|
"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, "
|
|
"while the host has cacheable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host "
|
|
"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache "
|
|
"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost. Again this is "
|
|
"alright in this particular case (running directly on the hardware with no "
|
|
"hypervisor), but isn't a good pattern in general."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si se estuviera ejecutando en una máquina virtual, podría provocar problemas "
|
|
"de coherencia en la caché. El problema es que la máquina virtual accede a la "
|
|
"memoria directamente con la caché inhabilitada, mientras que el host cuenta "
|
|
"con alias que se pueden almacenar en caché en la misma memoria. Incluso si "
|
|
"el host no accede explícitamente a la memoria, los accesos especulativos "
|
|
"pueden provocar que se llene la caché, haciendo que los cambios de uno u "
|
|
"otro se pierdan. De nuevo, es correcto en este caso particular (si se "
|
|
"ejecuta directamente en el hardware sin hipervisor) pero, por lo general, no "
|
|
"es un buen patrón."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:1
|
|
msgid "Useful crates"
|
|
msgstr "Crates Útiles"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal "
|
|
"programming."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A continuación, repasaremos algunos crates que resuelven ciertos problemas "
|
|
"comunes en la programación bare-metal."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) crate (from Fuchsia) provides "
|
|
"traits and macros for safely converting between byte sequences and other "
|
|
"types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El crate [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) (de Fuchsia) proporciona "
|
|
"traits y macros para realizar conversiones seguras entre secuencias de bytes "
|
|
"y otros tipos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), "
|
|
"but can be useful for working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by "
|
|
"DMA, or sent over some external interface."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"No es adecuado para MMIO (ya que no utiliza lecturas y escrituras "
|
|
"volátiles), pero puede ser útil para trabajar con estructuras compartidas "
|
|
"con hardware (por ejemplo, mediante DMA) o enviadas a través de alguna "
|
|
"interfaz externa."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is "
|
|
"valid, and so can safely be converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`FromBytes` se puede implementar en tipos en los que cualquier patrón de "
|
|
"bytes es válido, por lo que se puede convertir de forma segura a partir de "
|
|
"una secuencia de bytes que no es fiable."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because "
|
|
"`RequestType` doesn't use all possible u32 values as discriminants, so not "
|
|
"all byte patterns are valid."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si se intenta derivar `FromBytes` para estos tipos, se produciría un error, "
|
|
"pues `RequestType` no utiliza todos los valores u32 posibles como "
|
|
"discriminantes y, por tanto, todos los patrones de bytes son válidos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:53
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`zerocopy::byteorder` tiene tipos para primitivos numéricos conscientes del "
|
|
"orden de bytes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
|
|
"zerocopy-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate "
|
|
"dependency.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ejecuta el ejemplo con `cargo run` en `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy-"
|
|
"example/`. (No se ejecutará en el playground debido a la dependencia del "
|
|
"crate)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) crate lets "
|
|
"you create page tables according to the AArch64 Virtual Memory System "
|
|
"Architecture."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El crate [`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) permite "
|
|
"crear tablas de páginas de acuerdo con la arquitectura del sistema de "
|
|
"memoria virtual AArch64."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:14
|
|
msgid "// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:16
|
|
msgid "// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:21
|
|
msgid "// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels should "
|
|
"be straightforward to add."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Por ahora, solo es compatible con EL1, pero debería ser sencillo añadir "
|
|
"compatibilidad con otros niveles de excepción."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware](https://cs.android."
|
|
"com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:packages/modules/Virtualization/"
|
|
"pvmfw/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se utiliza en Android para el [Firmware de Máquina Virtual Protegida]"
|
|
"(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:packages/"
|
|
"modules/Virtualization/pvmfw/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real hardware "
|
|
"or under QEMU."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"No hay una forma sencilla de ejecutar este ejemplo, ya que debe hacerse en "
|
|
"hardware real o en QEMU."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator) "
|
|
"is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator. It can "
|
|
"be used both for [`LockedHeap`](https://docs.rs/buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/"
|
|
"buddy_system_allocator/struct.LockedHeap.html) implementing [`GlobalAlloc`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html) so you can use "
|
|
"the standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before](../alloc.md)), or for "
|
|
"allocating other address space. For example, we might want to allocate MMIO "
|
|
"space for PCI BARs:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator) "
|
|
"es un crate de terceros que implementa un asignador básico del sistema "
|
|
"buddy. Se puede utilizar tanto para [`LockedHeap`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/buddy_system_allocator/struct.LockedHeap.html) "
|
|
"implementando [`GlobalAlloc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/alloc/trait."
|
|
"GlobalAlloc.html), de forma que puedas usar el crate `alloc` estándar (tal y "
|
|
"como vimos [antes](../alloc.md)), o para asignar otro espacio de "
|
|
"direcciones. Por ejemplo, podríamos querer asignar espacio MMIO para los "
|
|
"registros de dirección base (BAR) de PCI:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:29
|
|
msgid "PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size."
|
|
msgstr "Los BAR de PCI siempre tienen una alineación igual a su tamaño."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
|
|
"allocator-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate "
|
|
"dependency.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ejecuta el ejemplo con `cargo run` en `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
|
|
"allocator-example/`. (No se ejecutará en el playground debido a la "
|
|
"dependencia del crate)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without "
|
|
"heap allocation. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec) provides "
|
|
"this: a vector backed by an array or slice, which could be statically "
|
|
"allocated or on the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used "
|
|
"and panics if you try to use more than are allocated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A veces, se necesita algo que se pueda cambiar de tamaño, como `Vec`, pero "
|
|
"sin asignación de _heap_. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec) "
|
|
"ofrece un vector respaldado por un array o slice, que se podría asignar "
|
|
"estáticamente o en la _stack_, y que hace un seguimiento de cuántos "
|
|
"elementos se usan, entrando en _panic_ si intentas utilizar más elementos de "
|
|
"los asignados."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for "
|
|
"initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`tinyvec` requiere que el tipo de elemento implemente `Default` para la "
|
|
"inicialización."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine inline."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El playground de Rust incluye `tinyvec`, por lo que este ejemplo se "
|
|
"ejecutará bien aunque esté insertado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` "
|
|
"are not available in `core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or "
|
|
"interior mutability, such as for sharing state between different CPUs?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`std::sync::Mutex` y el resto de los primitivos de sincronización de `std::"
|
|
"sync` no están disponibles en `core` o `alloc`. ¿Cómo podemos gestionar la "
|
|
"sincronización o la mutabilidad interior para, por ejemplo, compartir el "
|
|
"estado entre diferentes CPUs?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) crate provides spinlock-based "
|
|
"equivalents of many of these primitives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El crate [`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) proporciona equivalentes "
|
|
"basados en spinlocks de muchos de estos primitivos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:26
|
|
msgid "Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Intenta evitar interbloqueos si usas bloqueos en los controladores de las "
|
|
"interrupciones."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of `RwLock`, "
|
|
"`Barrier` and `Once` from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`spin` también cuenta con una implementación de exclusión mutua de bloqueo "
|
|
"de tickets; equivalentes de `RwLock`, `Barrier` y `Once` de `std::sync`, y "
|
|
"`Lazy` para inicialización perezosa"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell) crate also has some "
|
|
"useful types for late initialisation with a slightly different approach to "
|
|
"`spin::once::Once`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El crate [`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell) también tiene "
|
|
"algunos tipos útiles de inicialización tardía con un enfoque ligeramente "
|
|
"distinto al de `spin::once::Once`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El playground de Rust incluye `spin`, por lo que este ejemplo se ejecutará "
|
|
"bien aunque está insertado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a "
|
|
"`rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` "
|
|
"with a linker script to produce the binary itself, and then a `raw_binary` "
|
|
"to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para compilar un binario de Rust bare-metal en AOSP, tienes que usar una "
|
|
"regla `rust_ffi_static` de Soong para crear tu código Rust y, seguidamente, "
|
|
"un `cc_binary` con una secuencia de comandos de enlazador para producir el "
|
|
"binario en sí. Por último, un `raw_binary` para convertir el ELF en un "
|
|
"binario sin formato que pueda ejecutarse."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:1
|
|
msgid "vmbase"
|
|
msgstr "vmbase"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase](https://android."
|
|
"googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Virtualization/+/refs/heads/"
|
|
"master/vmbase/) library provides a linker script and useful defaults for the "
|
|
"build rules, along with an entry point, UART console logging and more."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En el caso de las máquinas virtuales que se ejecutan con crosvm en aarch64, "
|
|
"la biblioteca [vmbase](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/"
|
|
"modules/Virtualization/+/refs/heads/master/vmbase/) proporciona una "
|
|
"secuencia de comandos de enlazador y valores predeterminados útiles para las "
|
|
"reglas de compilación, además de un punto de entrada, registro de la consola "
|
|
"UART y mucho más."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` "
|
|
"entry point."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La macro `main!` indica tu función principal, que se llama desde el punto de "
|
|
"entrada `vmbase`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a "
|
|
"PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown the VM if your main function returns."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El punto de entrada `vmbase` gestiona la inicialización de la consola y "
|
|
"emite PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF para apagar la máquina virtual si tu función principal "
|
|
"devuelve un resultado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Escribiremos un controlador para el dispositivo de reloj en tiempo real "
|
|
"PL031."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:7
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-"
|
|
"afternoon.md) provided."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Luego de ver los ejercicios, puedes ver las [soluciones](solutions-afternoon."
|
|
"md) que se brindan."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "RTC driver"
|
|
msgstr "Controlador RTC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0224/c) real-time clock at 0x9010000. For this exercise, "
|
|
"you should write a driver for it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La máquina virtual aarch64 de QEMU tiene un reloj en tiempo real [PL031]"
|
|
"(https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0224/c) en 0x9010000. En este "
|
|
"ejercicio, debes escribir un controlador para el reloj."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use the "
|
|
"[`chrono`](https://crates.io/crates/chrono) crate for date/time formatting."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Úsalo para imprimir la hora en la consola serie. Puedes usar el crate "
|
|
"[`chrono`](https://crates.io/crates/chrono) para dar formato a la fecha y la "
|
|
"hora."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the match register and raw interrupt status to busy-wait until a given "
|
|
"time, e.g. 3 seconds in the future. (Call [`core::hint::spin_loop`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/core/hint/fn.spin_loop.html) inside the loop.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utiliza el registro de coincidencias y el estado de interrupción sin formato "
|
|
"para esperar hasta un momento dado, por ejemplo, un adelanto de 3 segundos. "
|
|
"(Llama a [`core::hint::spin_loop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/hint/fn."
|
|
"spin_loop.html) dentro d+el bucle)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Extension if you have time:_ Enable and handle the interrupt generated by "
|
|
"the RTC match. You can use the driver provided in the [`arm-gic`](https://"
|
|
"docs.rs/arm-gic/) crate to configure the Arm Generic Interrupt Controller."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_Ampliación si hay tiempo:_ habilita y gestiona la interrupción que genera "
|
|
"la coincidencia de RTC. Puedes usar el controlador que se proporciona con el "
|
|
"crate [`arm-gic`](https://docs.rs/arm-gic/) para configurar el controlador "
|
|
"de interrupciones genérico (GIC) de Arm."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:14
|
|
msgid "Use the RTC interrupt, which is wired to the GIC as `IntId::spi(2)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utiliza la interrupción de RTC, que está conectada al GIC como `IntId::"
|
|
"spi(2)`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Once the interrupt is enabled, you can put the core to sleep via `arm_gic::"
|
|
"wfi()`, which will cause the core to sleep until it receives an interrupt."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Después de habilitar la interrupción, puedes poner el núcleo en suspensión "
|
|
"mediante `arm_gic::wfi()`, lo que hará que entre en suspensión hasta que "
|
|
"reciba una interrupción."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and "
|
|
"look in the `rtc` directory for the following files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Descarga la [plantilla de ejercicio](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) "
|
|
"y busca en el directorio `rtc` los siguientes archivos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:40
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:29
|
|
msgid "/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:55
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:49
|
|
msgid "\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:57
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the base\n"
|
|
" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n"
|
|
" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:63
|
|
msgid "// TODO: Create instance of RTC driver and print current time.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:65
|
|
msgid "// TODO: Wait for 3 seconds.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:78
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_src/exceptions.rs_ (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of "
|
|
"the exercise):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`src/exceptions.rs` (solo se debería cambiar esto en la tercera parte del "
|
|
"ejercicio):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:84 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:159
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:218 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:418
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:105
|
|
msgid "\"sync_exception_current\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:111
|
|
msgid "\"irq_current\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:113
|
|
msgid "\"No pending interrupt\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:114
|
|
msgid "\"IRQ {intid:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:119
|
|
msgid "\"fiq_current\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:125
|
|
msgid "\"serr_current\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:131
|
|
msgid "\"sync_lower\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:137
|
|
msgid "\"irq_lower\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:143
|
|
msgid "\"fiq_lower\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:149
|
|
msgid "\"serr_lower\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:154
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_src/logger.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "`src/logger.rs` (no debería ser necesario cambiarlo):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:172
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:213
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_src/pl011.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "`src/pl011.rs` (no debería ser necesario cambiarlo):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:236
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: Flags\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:264
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:268
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:272
|
|
msgid "/// Framing error.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:274
|
|
msgid "/// Parity error.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:276
|
|
msgid "/// Break error.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:278
|
|
msgid "/// Overrun error.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:282
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: Registers\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:314
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:316
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Uart\n"
|
|
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:325
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:370
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:413
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_build.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "`build.rs` (no debería ser necesario cambiarlo):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:436 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:438
|
|
msgid "\"linux\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:437 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:439
|
|
msgid "\"CROSS_COMPILE\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:437
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"aarch64-linux-gnu\""
|
|
msgstr "aarch64-paging"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:439
|
|
msgid "\"aarch64-none-elf\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:442
|
|
msgid "\"entry.S\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:443
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"exceptions.S\""
|
|
msgstr "Excepciones"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:444
|
|
msgid "\"idmap.S\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:445
|
|
msgid "\"empty\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:449
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_entry.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "`entry.S` (no debería ser necesario cambiarlo):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:453
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".macro adr_l, reg:req, sym:req\n"
|
|
"\tadrp \\reg, \\sym\n"
|
|
"\tadd \\reg, \\reg, :lo12:\\sym\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".macro mov_i, reg:req, imm:req\n"
|
|
"\tmovz \\reg, :abs_g3:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g2_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g1_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g0_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE,\t0x04\n"
|
|
".set .L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA,\t0xff\n"
|
|
".set .Lmairval, .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE | (.L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA << 8)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR0_EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_TG0_4KB, 0x0 << 14\n"
|
|
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR1_EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_TG1_4KB, 0x2 << 30\n"
|
|
"/* Disable translation table walk for TTBR1_EL1, generating a translation "
|
|
"fault instead. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_EPD1, 0x1 << 23\n"
|
|
"/* Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner sharable. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_SH_INNER, 0x3 << 12\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are outer write-back read-allocate "
|
|
"write-allocate\n"
|
|
" * cacheable.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_RGN_OWB, 0x1 << 10\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner write-back read-allocate "
|
|
"write-allocate\n"
|
|
" * cacheable.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_RGN_IWB, 0x1 << 8\n"
|
|
"/* Size offset for TTBR0_EL1 is 2**39 bytes (512 GiB). */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_T0SZ_512, 64 - 39\n"
|
|
".set .Ltcrval, .L_TCR_TG0_4KB | .L_TCR_TG1_4KB | .L_TCR_EPD1 | ."
|
|
"L_TCR_RGN_OWB\n"
|
|
".set .Ltcrval, .Ltcrval | .L_TCR_RGN_IWB | .L_TCR_SH_INNER | ."
|
|
"L_TCR_T0SZ_512\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* Stage 1 instruction access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_I, 0x1 << 12\n"
|
|
"/* SP alignment fault if SP is not aligned to a 16 byte boundary. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA, 0x1 << 3\n"
|
|
"/* Stage 1 data access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_C, 0x1 << 2\n"
|
|
"/* EL0 and EL1 stage 1 MMU enabled. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_M, 0x1 << 0\n"
|
|
"/* Privileged Access Never is unchanged on taking an exception to EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0x1 << 23\n"
|
|
"/* SETEND instruction disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0x1 << 8\n"
|
|
"/* Various IT instructions are disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD, 0x1 << 7\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1, (0x1 << 11) | (0x1 << 20) | (0x1 << 22) | (0x1 << "
|
|
"28) | (0x1 << 29)\n"
|
|
".set .Lsctlrval, .L_SCTLR_ELx_M | .L_SCTLR_ELx_C | .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA | ."
|
|
"L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED\n"
|
|
".set .Lsctlrval, .Lsctlrval | .L_SCTLR_ELx_I | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN | ."
|
|
"L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic entry point for an image. It carries out the operations "
|
|
"required to prepare the\n"
|
|
" * loaded image to be run. Specifically, it zeroes the bss section using "
|
|
"registers x25 and above,\n"
|
|
" * prepares the stack, enables floating point, and sets up the exception "
|
|
"vector. It preserves x0-x3\n"
|
|
" * for the Rust entry point, as these may contain boot parameters.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global entry\n"
|
|
"entry:\n"
|
|
"\t/* Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable MMU "
|
|
"and caches. */\n"
|
|
"\tadrp x30, idmap\n"
|
|
"\tmsr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
|
|
"\tmsr mair_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
|
|
"\t/* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
|
|
"\tbfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmsr tcr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate any "
|
|
"potentially stale\n"
|
|
"\t * local TLB entries before they start being used.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\ttlbi vmalle1\n"
|
|
"\tic iallu\n"
|
|
"\tdsb nsh\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until "
|
|
"this has completed.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tmsr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
|
|
"\torr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
|
|
"\tmsr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x30, bss_end\n"
|
|
"0:\tcmp x29, x30\n"
|
|
"\tb.hs 1f\n"
|
|
"\tstp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
|
|
"\tb 0b\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1:\t/* Prepare the stack. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
|
|
"\tmov sp, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Set up exception vector. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
"\tmsr vbar_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Call into Rust code. */\n"
|
|
"\tbl main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
|
|
"2:\twfi\n"
|
|
"\tb 2b\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:598
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_exceptions.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "`exceptions.S` (no debería ser necesario cambiarlo):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:602
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Saves the volatile registers onto the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
|
|
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers with 18 "
|
|
"instructions\n"
|
|
" * left.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * On return, x0 and x1 are initialised to elr_el2 and spsr_el2 "
|
|
"respectively,\n"
|
|
" * which can be used as the first and second arguments of a subsequent "
|
|
"call.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro save_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\t/* Reserve stack space and save registers x0-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
|
|
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #-(8 * 24)]!\n"
|
|
"\tstp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
|
|
"\tstr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Save elr_el1 & spsr_el1. This such that we can take nested exception\n"
|
|
"\t * and still be able to unwind.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x0, elr_el1\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x1, spsr_el1\n"
|
|
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Restores the volatile registers from the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
|
|
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers while still leaving "
|
|
"18\n"
|
|
" * instructions left; if paired with save_volatile_to_stack, there are 4\n"
|
|
" * instructions to spare.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro restore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore registers x2-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
|
|
"\tldr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore registers elr_el1 & spsr_el1, using x0 & x1 as scratch. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
|
|
"\tmsr elr_el1, x0\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsr_el1, x1\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore x0 & x1, and release stack space. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp], #8 * 24\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while "
|
|
"using\n"
|
|
" * SP0. It behaves similarly to the SPx case by first switching to SPx, "
|
|
"doing\n"
|
|
" * the work, then switching back to SP0 before returning.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Switching to SPx and calling the Rust handler takes 16 instructions. To\n"
|
|
" * restore and return we need an additional 16 instructions, so we can "
|
|
"implement\n"
|
|
" * the whole handler within the allotted 32 instructions.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro current_exception_sp0 handler:req\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsel, #1\n"
|
|
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\tbl \\handler\n"
|
|
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsel, #0\n"
|
|
"\teret\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while "
|
|
"using\n"
|
|
" * SPx. It saves volatile registers, calls the Rust handler, restores "
|
|
"volatile\n"
|
|
" * registers, then returns.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * This also works for exceptions taken from EL0, if we don't care about\n"
|
|
" * non-volatile registers.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Saving state and jumping to the Rust handler takes 15 instructions, and\n"
|
|
" * restoring and returning also takes 15 instructions, so we can fit the "
|
|
"whole\n"
|
|
" * handler in 30 instructions, under the limit of 32.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro current_exception_spx handler:req\n"
|
|
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\tbl \\handler\n"
|
|
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\teret\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".section .text.vector_table_el1, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
".balign 0x800\n"
|
|
"vector_table_el1:\n"
|
|
"sync_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 sync_exception_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 irq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 fiq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 serr_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_exception_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:783
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_idmap.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "`idmap.S` (no debería ser necesario cambiarlo):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:787
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK, 0x1\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_PAGE, 0x3\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_TABLE, 0x3\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* Access flag. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_AF, 0x1 << 10\n"
|
|
"/* Not global. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_NG, 0x1 << 11\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_XN, 0x3 << 53\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_MT_DEV, 0x0 << 2\t\t\t// MAIR #0 (DEV_nGnRE)\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_MT_MEM, (0x1 << 2) | (0x3 << 8)\t// MAIR #1 (MEM_WBWA), inner "
|
|
"shareable\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_BLOCK_DEV, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_DEV | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_XN\n"
|
|
".set .L_BLOCK_MEM, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_MEM | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_NG\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".section \".rodata.idmap\", \"a\", %progbits\n"
|
|
".global idmap\n"
|
|
".align 12\n"
|
|
"idmap:\n"
|
|
"\t/* level 1 */\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x0\t\t // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_MEM | 0x40000000\t// 1 GiB of DRAM\n"
|
|
"\t.fill\t\t254, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 254 GiB of unmapped VA space\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x4000000000 // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
|
|
"\t.fill\t\t255, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 255 GiB of remaining VA space\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:832
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_image.ld_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "`image.ld` (no debería ser necesario cambiarlo):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:836
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```ld\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Code will start running at this symbol which is placed at the start of "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" * image.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"ENTRY(entry)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"MEMORY\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
"\timage : ORIGIN = 0x40080000, LENGTH = 2M\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"SECTIONS\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together the code.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.init : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\ttext_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.init.entry)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.init.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\t.text : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.text.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\ttext_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together read-only data.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.rodata : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\trodata_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.rodata.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\t.got : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.got)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\trodata_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together the read-write data including .bss at the end which\n"
|
|
"\t * will be zero'd by the entry code.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.data : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tdata_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.data.*)\n"
|
|
"\t\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t\t * The entry point code assumes that .data is a multiple of 32\n"
|
|
"\t\t * bytes long.\n"
|
|
"\t\t */\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(32);\n"
|
|
"\t\tdata_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Everything beyond this point will not be included in the binary. */\n"
|
|
"\tbin_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* The entry point code assumes that .bss is 16-byte aligned. */\n"
|
|
"\t.bss : ALIGN(16) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tbss_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.bss.*)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(COMMON)\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(16);\n"
|
|
"\t\tbss_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t.stack (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tboot_stack_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t. += 40 * 4096;\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(4096);\n"
|
|
"\t\tboot_stack_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t. = ALIGN(4K);\n"
|
|
"\tPROVIDE(dma_region = .);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Remove unused sections from the image.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t/DISCARD/ : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t/* The image loads itself so doesn't need these sections. */\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.gnu.hash)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.hash)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.interp)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.eh_frame_hdr)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.eh_frame)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.note.gnu.build-id)\n"
|
|
"\t}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:943
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_Makefile_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "`Makefile` (no debería ser necesario cambiarlo):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:948
|
|
msgid "# Copyright 2023 Google LLC"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:962
|
|
msgid "$(shell uname -s)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:964
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "aarch64-linux-gnu"
|
|
msgstr "aarch64-paging"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:981
|
|
msgid "stdio -display none -kernel $< -s"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:984
|
|
msgid "cargo clean"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:999
|
|
msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`."
|
|
msgstr "Ejecuta el código en QEMU con `make qemu`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Rust Bare Metal: tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([volver al ejercicio](rtc.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "`main.rs`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:36
|
|
msgid "/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:38
|
|
msgid "/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:62
|
|
msgid "\"RTC: {time}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:70
|
|
msgid "// Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:73
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:91
|
|
msgid "\"Waiting for {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:75
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:83
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:96
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:104
|
|
msgid "\"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:87
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:108
|
|
msgid "\"Finished waiting\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:89
|
|
msgid "// Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:121
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_pl031.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "`pl031.rs`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:128
|
|
msgid "/// Data register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:130
|
|
msgid "/// Match register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:132
|
|
msgid "/// Load register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:134
|
|
msgid "/// Control register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:137
|
|
msgid "/// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:140
|
|
msgid "/// Raw Interrupt Status\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:143
|
|
msgid "/// Masked Interrupt Status\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:146
|
|
msgid "/// Interrupt Clear Register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:150
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Escribiremos un controlador para el dispositivo de reloj en tiempo real "
|
|
"PL031."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:158
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:170
|
|
msgid "/// Reads the current RTC value.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:172
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:180
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:188
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:199
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:211
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:218
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:177
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an interrupt\n"
|
|
" /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:185
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or "
|
|
"not\n"
|
|
" /// the interrupt is enabled.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:194
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// This should be true if and only if `matched` returns true and the\n"
|
|
" /// interrupt is masked.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:205
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" /// interrupt is disabled.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:216
|
|
msgid "/// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md:1
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Concurrency in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Te Damos la Bienvenida a Concurrencia en Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and "
|
|
"channels."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust es totalmente compatible con la concurrencia mediante hilos del SO con "
|
|
"exclusiones mutuas y canales."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs "
|
|
"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since "
|
|
"you can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El sistema de tipos de Rust desempeña un papel importante al hacer que "
|
|
"muchos errores de concurrencia sean errores en tiempo de compilación. A "
|
|
"menudo, esto se conoce como _concurrencia sin miedo_, ya que puedes confiar "
|
|
"en el compilador para asegurar la corrección en el tiempo de ejecución."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:"
|
|
msgstr "Los hilos de Rust funcionan de forma similar a los de otros lenguajes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:12
|
|
msgid "\"Count in thread: {i}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:18
|
|
msgid "\"Main thread: {i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:24
|
|
msgid "Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los hilos son todos hilos daemon, y el hilo principal no espera por ellos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:25
|
|
msgid "Thread panics are independent of each other."
|
|
msgstr "Los pánicos de los hilos son independientes entre sí."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:26
|
|
msgid "Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los pánicos pueden transportar una carga útil, que se puede desempaquetar "
|
|
"con `downcast_ref`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:32
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 --- the main thread "
|
|
"is not waiting."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Observa que el hilo se detiene antes de llegar a 10; el hilo principal no "
|
|
"está esperando."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for "
|
|
"the thread to finish."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utiliza `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` y, después, `handle.join()` para "
|
|
"esperar a que el hilo termine."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:38
|
|
msgid "Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`."
|
|
msgstr "Activa un pánico en el hilo y observa cómo esto no afecta a `main`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the "
|
|
"panic payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/any/index.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Usa el valor devuelto `Result` de `handle.join.()` para acceder a la carga "
|
|
"útil del pánico. Este es un buen momento para hablar sobre [`Any`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3
|
|
msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:"
|
|
msgstr "Los hilos normales no pueden tomar nada prestado de su entorno:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, you can use a [scoped thread](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/"
|
|
"fn.scope.html) for this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sin embargo, puedes usar un [hilo con ámbito](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"thread/fn.scope.html) para lo siguiente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all "
|
|
"the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La razón es que, cuando se completa la función `thread::scope`, se asegura "
|
|
"que todos los hilos están unidos, por lo que pueden devolver datos prestados."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one "
|
|
"thread, or immutably by any number of threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se aplican las reglas normales de préstamo de Rust: un hilo puede tomar "
|
|
"datos prestados de manera mutable o cualquier número de hilos puede tomar "
|
|
"datos prestados de manera inmutable."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender<T>` and a `Receiver<T>`. The two "
|
|
"parts are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los canales de Rust tienen dos partes: `Sender<T>` y `Receiver<T>`. Las dos "
|
|
"partes están conectadas a través del canal, pero solo se ven los puntos "
|
|
"finales."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:15 src/concurrency/channels.md:16
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:20
|
|
msgid "\"Received: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` "
|
|
"implement `Clone` (so you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does "
|
|
"not."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`mpsc` son las siglas de Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer (multiproductor, "
|
|
"consumidor único.) `Sender` y `SyncSender` implementan `Clone` (es decir, "
|
|
"puedes crear varios productores), pero `Receiver` no."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the "
|
|
"counterpart `Sender` or `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`send()` y `recv()` devuelven `Result`. Si devuelven `Err`, significa que el "
|
|
"homólogo `Sender` o `Receiver` se ha eliminado y el canal se ha cerrado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3
|
|
msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:"
|
|
msgstr "Se obtiene un canal asíncrono y sin límites con `mpsc::channel()`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:16
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:16
|
|
msgid "\"Message {i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:17
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:17
|
|
msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:19
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: done\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:24
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:24
|
|
msgid "\"Main: got {msg}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With bounded (synchronous) channels, `send` can block the current thread:"
|
|
msgstr "Con canales limitados (síncronos), `send` puede bloquear el hilo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Calling `send` will block the current thread until there is space in the "
|
|
"channel for the new message. The thread can be blocked indefinitely if there "
|
|
"is nobody who reads from the channel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Al llamar a `send`, se bloqueará el hilo hasta que haya espacio suficiente "
|
|
"en el canal para el mensaje nuevo. El hilo se puede bloquear de forma "
|
|
"indefinida si no hay nadie que lea el canal."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A call to `send` will abort with an error (that is why it returns `Result`) "
|
|
"if the channel is closed. A channel is closed when the receiver is dropped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si se cierra el canal, se anulará la llamada a `send` y se producirá un "
|
|
"error (por eso devuelve `Result`). Un canal se cierra cuando se elimina el "
|
|
"receptor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A bounded channel with a size of zero is called a \"rendezvous channel\". "
|
|
"Every send will block the current thread until another thread calls `read`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un canal delimitado con un tamaño de cero se denomina \"canal rendezvous\". "
|
|
"Cada envío bloqueará el hilo actual hasta que otro hilo llame a `read`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"How does Rust know to forbid shared access across threads? The answer is in "
|
|
"two traits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"¿Cómo sabe Rust que debe prohibir el acceso compartido entre hilos? La "
|
|
"respuesta está en dos traits:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): a type `T` "
|
|
"is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread boundary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): un tipo `T` "
|
|
"es `Send` si es seguro mover un `T` entre los límites de un hilo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): a type `T` "
|
|
"is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread boundary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): un tipo `T` "
|
|
"es `Sync` si es seguro mover un `&T` entre los límites de un hilo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). The "
|
|
"compiler will automatically derive them for your types as long as they only "
|
|
"contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when "
|
|
"you know it is valid."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Send` y `Sync` son [traits inseguros](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). El "
|
|
"compilador los derivará automáticamente a tus tipos siempre que solo "
|
|
"contengan los tipos `Send` y `Sync`. También puedes implementarlos de forma "
|
|
"manual cuando sepas que es válido."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-"
|
|
"safety properties."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se podría pensar en estos traits como marcadores que indican que el tipo "
|
|
"tiene ciertas propiedades de seguridad en hilos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:23
|
|
msgid "They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se pueden utilizar en las restricciones genéricas como traits normales."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A type `T` is [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) "
|
|
"if it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un tipo `T` es [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send."
|
|
"html) si es seguro mover un valor `T` a otro hilo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will "
|
|
"run in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one "
|
|
"thread and deallocate it in another."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El efecto de mover la propiedad a otro hilo es que los _destructores_ se "
|
|
"ejecutarán en ese hilo. Por tanto, la cuestion es cuándo se puede asignar un "
|
|
"valor a un hilo y desasignarlo en otro."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As an example, a connection to the SQLite library must only be accessed from "
|
|
"a single thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Por ejemplo, solo se puede acceder a una conexión a la biblioteca SQLite "
|
|
"desde un único hilo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A type `T` is [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) "
|
|
"if it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple threads at the same time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un tipo `T` es [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync."
|
|
"html) si es seguro acceder a un valor `T` desde varios hilos al mismo tiempo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6
|
|
msgid "More precisely, the definition is:"
|
|
msgstr "En concreto, la definición es la siguiente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8
|
|
msgid "`T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`"
|
|
msgstr "`T` es `Sync` únicamente si `&T` es `Send`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is "
|
|
"thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it "
|
|
"across threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esta instrucción es, básicamente, una forma resumida de indicar que, si un "
|
|
"tipo es seguro para los hilos en uso compartido, también lo es para pasar "
|
|
"referencias de él a través de los hilos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across "
|
|
"multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization "
|
|
"issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type "
|
|
"is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references can "
|
|
"be accessed from any thread safely."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esto se debe a que, si el tipo es Sync, significa que se puede compartir "
|
|
"entre múltiples hilos sin el riesgo de que haya carreras de datos u otros "
|
|
"problemas de sincronización, por lo que es seguro moverlo a otro hilo. "
|
|
"También es seguro mover una referencia al tipo a otro hilo, ya que se puede "
|
|
"acceder de forma segura a los datos a los que hace referencia desde "
|
|
"cualquier hilo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3
|
|
msgid "`Send + Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Send + Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5
|
|
msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:"
|
|
msgstr "La mayoría de los tipos que encuentras son `Send + Sync`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7
|
|
msgid "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:8
|
|
msgid "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:9
|
|
msgid "`String`, `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `Box<T>`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "`String`, `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `Box<T>`, etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:10
|
|
msgid "`Arc<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Arc<T>`: explícitamente seguro para los hilos mediante el recuento atómico "
|
|
"de referencias."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:11
|
|
msgid "`Mutex<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Mutex<T>`: explícitamente seguro para los hilos mediante bloqueo interno."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:12
|
|
msgid "`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, etc.: utiliza instrucciones atómicas especiales."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are "
|
|
"`Send + Sync`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los tipos genéricos suelen ser `Send + Sync` cuando los parámetros del tipo "
|
|
"son `Send + Sync`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17
|
|
msgid "`Send + !Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Send + !Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe. "
|
|
"Typically because of interior mutability:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Estos tipos se pueden mover a otros hilos, pero no son seguros para los "
|
|
"hilos. Normalmente, esto se debe a la mutabilidad interior:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22
|
|
msgid "`mpsc::Sender<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::Sender<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:23
|
|
msgid "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:24
|
|
msgid "`Cell<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`Cell<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:25
|
|
msgid "`RefCell<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`RefCell<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27
|
|
msgid "`!Send + Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`!Send + Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Estos tipos son seguros para los hilos _(thread safe)_, pero no se pueden "
|
|
"mover a otro hilo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`MutexGuard<T: Sync>`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on "
|
|
"the thread which created them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`MutexGuard<T>`: utiliza primitivos de nivel SO que se deben desasignar en "
|
|
"el hilo que los creó."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34
|
|
msgid "`!Send + !Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`!Send + !Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36
|
|
msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Estos tipos no son seguros para los hilos y no se pueden mover a otros hilos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc<T>`: each `Rc<T>` has a reference to an `RcBox<T>`, which contains a non-"
|
|
"atomic reference count."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Rc<T>`: cada `Rc<T>` tiene una referencia a un `RcBox<T>`, que contiene un "
|
|
"recuento de referencias no atómico."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special concurrency "
|
|
"considerations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust asume que los punteros sin procesar pueden tener "
|
|
"consideraciones especiales de concurrencia."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is "
|
|
"primarily done via two types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust utiliza el sistema de tipos para implementar la sincronización de los "
|
|
"datos compartidos. Esto se hace principalmente a través de dos tipos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), atomic "
|
|
"reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and takes care to "
|
|
"deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), recuento "
|
|
"atómico de referencias `T`: gestiona el uso compartido entre hilos y se "
|
|
"encarga de desasignar `T` cuando se elimina la última referencia."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): ensures "
|
|
"mutually exclusive access to the `T` value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): asegura "
|
|
"el acceso mutuamente excluyente al valor `T`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) allows shared "
|
|
"read-only access via `Arc::clone`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) permite el "
|
|
"acceso compartido de solo lectura a través de `Arc::clone`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:16
|
|
msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:21
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:17
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:45
|
|
msgid "\"v: {v:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` "
|
|
"that uses atomic operations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Arc` son las siglas de \"Atomic Reference Counted\" (recuento atómico de "
|
|
"referencias), una versión de `Rc` segura para los hilos que utiliza "
|
|
"operaciones atómicas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Arc<T>` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` "
|
|
"and `Sync` if and only if `T` implements them both."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Arc<T>` implementa `Clone`, independientemente de si `T` lo hace o no. "
|
|
"Implementa `Send` y `Sync` si `T` implementa ambos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but "
|
|
"after that the use of the `T` is free."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Arc::clone()` tiene el coste de las operaciones atómicas que se ejecutan; "
|
|
"después el uso de `T` es libre."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect "
|
|
"them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Hay que prestar atención a los ciclos de referencia, ya que `Arc` no usa un "
|
|
"recolector de memoria residual para detectarlos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:37
|
|
msgid "`std::sync::Weak` can help."
|
|
msgstr "`std::sync::Weak` puede resultar útil."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) ensures "
|
|
"mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T` behind a read-only "
|
|
"interface (another form of [interior mutability](../../borrowing/interior-"
|
|
"mutability)):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) asegura "
|
|
"la exclusión mutua _y_ permite un acceso mutable a `T` a través de una "
|
|
"interfaz de solo lectura:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:12
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"v: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice how we have a [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E) blanket "
|
|
"implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Fíjate en cómo tenemos una implementación general de [`impl<T: Send> Sync "
|
|
"for Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-"
|
|
"Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:32
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element --- the "
|
|
"protected data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Mutex` en Rust parece una colección con un solo elemento: los datos "
|
|
"protegidos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the "
|
|
"protected data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"No es posible olvidarse de adquirir la exclusión mutua antes de acceder a "
|
|
"los datos protegidos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex<T>` by taking the lock. The "
|
|
"`MutexGuard` ensures that the `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puedes obtener un `&mut T` de `Mutex<T>` mediante el bloqueo. El "
|
|
"`MutexGuard` asegura que `&mut T` no dure más tiempo que el bloqueo que se "
|
|
"ha aplicado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Mutex<T>` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff (if and only if) `T` "
|
|
"implements `Send`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Mutex<T>` implementa tanto `Send` como `Sync` únicamente si `T` implementa "
|
|
"`Send`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:40
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A read-write lock counterpart: `RwLock`."
|
|
msgstr "Un equivalente de bloqueo de lectura y escritura: `RwLock`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:41
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Why does `lock()` return a `Result`?"
|
|
msgstr "¿Por qué `lock()` devuelve un `Result`? "
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes "
|
|
"\"poisoned\" to signal that the data it protected might be in an "
|
|
"inconsistent state. Calling `lock()` on a poisoned mutex fails with a "
|
|
"[`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html). "
|
|
"You can call `into_inner()` on the error to recover the data regardless."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si el hilo que contiene `Mutex` entra en pánico, `Mutex` se \"envenena\" "
|
|
"para indicar que los datos que protegía pueden estar en un estado "
|
|
"incoherente. Llamar a `lock()` en una exclusión mutua envenenada da el error "
|
|
"[`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html). "
|
|
"Puedes llamar a `into_inner()` en el error para recuperar los datos de todos "
|
|
"modos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3
|
|
msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:"
|
|
msgstr "Veamos cómo funcionan `Arc` y `Mutex`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:6
|
|
msgid "// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23
|
|
msgid "Possible solution:"
|
|
msgstr "Solución posible:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:49
|
|
msgid "Notable parts:"
|
|
msgstr "Puntos a destacar:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are "
|
|
"orthogonal."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`v` se envuelve tanto en `Arc` como en `Mutex`, porque sus preocupaciones "
|
|
"son ortogonales."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:53
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state "
|
|
"between threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Envolver un `Mutex` en un `Arc` es un patrón habitual para compartir el "
|
|
"estado mutable entre hilos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another "
|
|
"thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`v: Arc<_>` se debe clonar como `v2` antes de poder moverlo a otro hilo. Ten "
|
|
"en cuenta que `move` se ha añadido a la firma lambda."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as "
|
|
"possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se introducen bloqueos para limitar al máximo el ámbito de `LockGuard`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with"
|
|
msgstr "Vamos a practicar nuestras nuevas habilidades de concurrencia con"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency."
|
|
msgstr "La cena de los filósofos: un problema clásico de concurrencia."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to "
|
|
"download dependencies and then check links in parallel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El comprobador de enlaces multihilo: un proyecto más grande donde utilizarás "
|
|
"Cargo para descargar dependencias y luego comprobar los enlaces en paralelo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:3
|
|
msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El problema de la cena de los filósofos es un problema clásico de "
|
|
"concurrencia:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has "
|
|
"their own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish "
|
|
"served is a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each "
|
|
"philosopher can only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can "
|
|
"only eat their spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two "
|
|
"forks will only be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, "
|
|
"not eating. After an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put "
|
|
"down both forks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cinco filósofos cenan juntos en la misma mesa. Cada filósofo tiene su propio "
|
|
"sitio en ella. Hay un tenedor entre cada plato. El plato que van a degustar "
|
|
"es una especie de espaguetis que hay que comer con dos tenedores. Los "
|
|
"filósofos solo pueden pensar y comer alternativamente. Además, solo pueden "
|
|
"comer sus espaguetis cuando disponen de un tenedor a la izquierda y otro a "
|
|
"la derecha. Por tanto, los dos tenedores solo estarán disponibles cuando su "
|
|
"dos vecinos más cercanos estén pensando y no comiendo. Cuando un filósofo "
|
|
"termina de comer, deja los dos tenedores en la mesa."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) "
|
|
"for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill "
|
|
"out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para realizar este ejercicio necesitarás una \\[instalación local de "
|
|
"Cargo\\] (../../cargo/running-locally.md). Copia el fragmento de código que "
|
|
"aparece más abajo en un archivo denominado `src/main.rs`, rellena los "
|
|
"espacios en blanco y comprueba que `cargo run` no presenta interbloqueos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:28
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // thoughts: ...\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:36
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:24
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:31
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:25
|
|
msgid "\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:41
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:37
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:31
|
|
msgid "// Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:42
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:33
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:38
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:38
|
|
msgid "\"{} is eating...\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:48
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:39
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:44
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:46
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Socrates\""
|
|
msgstr "Crates HAL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:48
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:39
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:44
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:46
|
|
msgid "\"Hypatia\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:48
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:39
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:44
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:46
|
|
msgid "\"Plato\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:48
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:39
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:44
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:46
|
|
msgid "\"Aristotle\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:48
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:39
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:44
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:46
|
|
msgid "\"Pythagoras\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:51
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:48
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:50
|
|
msgid "// Create forks\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:53
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:50
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:54
|
|
msgid "// Create philosophers\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:55
|
|
msgid "// Make each of them think and eat 100 times\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:57
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:54
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:88
|
|
msgid "// Output their thoughts\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:61
|
|
msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
msgstr "Puedes usar el siguiente archivo `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:65
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It "
|
|
"should start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It "
|
|
"should recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this "
|
|
"until all pages have been validated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilicemos nuestros nuevos conocimientos para crear un comprobador de "
|
|
"enlaces multihilo. Debería empezar en una página web y comprobar que los "
|
|
"enlaces de la página son válidos. Debería consultar otras páginas del mismo "
|
|
"dominio y seguir haciéndolo hasta que todas las páginas se hayan validado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"reqwest/). Create a new Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para ello, necesitarás un cliente HTTP como [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"reqwest/). Crea un proyecto de Cargo y aplica `reqwest` como una dependencia "
|
|
"con:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the "
|
|
"`Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si `cargo add` da `error: no such subcommand`, edita el archivo `Cargo.toml` "
|
|
"de forma manual. Añade las dependencias que se indican más abajo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`](https://docs."
|
|
"rs/scraper/) for that:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"También necesitarás una forma de encontrar enlaces. Podemos usar [`scraper`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/scraper/) para eso:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/thiserror/) for that:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Por último, necesitaremos algún método para gestionar los errores. Para "
|
|
"ello, usaremos [`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Las llamadas a `cargo add` actualizarán el archivo `Cargo.toml` para que "
|
|
"tenga este aspecto:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"link-checker\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-"
|
|
"tls\"] }\n"
|
|
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
|
|
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"link-checker\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-"
|
|
"tls\"] }\n"
|
|
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
|
|
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as `https://"
|
|
"www.google.org/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ya puedes descargar la página de inicio. Prueba con un sitio pequeño, como "
|
|
"`https://www.google.org/`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:53
|
|
msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:"
|
|
msgstr "El archivo `src/main.rs` debería tener un aspecto similar a este:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:65
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:97
|
|
msgid "\"request error: {0}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:67
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:99
|
|
msgid "\"bad http response: {0}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:78
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:110
|
|
msgid "\"Checking {:#}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:96
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:128
|
|
msgid "\"href\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:103
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:135
|
|
msgid "\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: {err}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:112
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:245
|
|
msgid "\"https://www.google.org\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:115
|
|
msgid "\"Links: {links:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:116
|
|
msgid "\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:121
|
|
msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with"
|
|
msgstr "Ejecuta el código en `src/main.rs` con"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:129
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a "
|
|
"channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Comprueba los enlaces en paralelo con los hilos: envía las URLs que se van a "
|
|
"comprobar a un canal y deja que varios hilos comprueben las URLs en paralelo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:131
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the `www.google."
|
|
"org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you don't end up "
|
|
"being blocked by the site."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Amplía esta opción para extraer enlaces de todas las páginas del dominio "
|
|
"`www.google.org`. Define un límite máximo de 100 páginas para que el sitio "
|
|
"no te bloquee."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
msgid "Concurrency Morning Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Concurrencia: Ejercicios de la Mañana"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([volver al ejercicio](dining-philosophers.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:29
|
|
msgid "\"{} is trying to eat\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:53
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
|
|
" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
|
|
" // either of them.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:77
|
|
msgid "\"{thought}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:82
|
|
msgid "Link Checker"
|
|
msgstr "Comprobador de Enlaces"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:84
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](link-checker.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([volver al ejercicio](link-checker.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:154
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Determine whether links within the given page should be extracted.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:162
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Mark the given page as visited, returning false if it had already\n"
|
|
" /// been visited.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:188
|
|
msgid "// The sender got dropped. No more commands coming in.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:229
|
|
msgid "\"Got crawling error: {:#}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:247
|
|
msgid "\"Bad URLs: {:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:1
|
|
msgid "Async Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Async en Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Async\" is a concurrency model where multiple tasks are executed "
|
|
"concurrently by executing each task until it would block, then switching to "
|
|
"another task that is ready to make progress. The model allows running a "
|
|
"larger number of tasks on a limited number of threads. This is because the "
|
|
"per-task overhead is typically very low and operating systems provide "
|
|
"primitives for efficiently identifying I/O that is able to proceed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"\"Async\" es un modelo de concurrencia en el que se ejecutan varias tareas "
|
|
"al mismo tiempo. Se ejecuta cada una de ellas hasta que se bloquea y, a "
|
|
"continuación, se cambia a otra tarea que está lista para progresar. El "
|
|
"modelo permite ejecutar un mayor número de tareas en un número limitado de "
|
|
"hilos. Esto se debe a que la sobrecarga por tarea suele ser muy baja y los "
|
|
"sistemas operativos proporcionan primitivos para identificar de forma "
|
|
"eficiente las E/S que pueden continuar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust's asynchronous operation is based on \"futures\", which represent work "
|
|
"that may be completed in the future. Futures are \"polled\" until they "
|
|
"signal that they are complete."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La operación asíncrona de Rust se basa en \"valores futuros\", que "
|
|
"representan el trabajo que puede completarse más adelante. Los futuros se "
|
|
"\"sondean\" hasta que indican que se han completado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Futures are polled by an async runtime, and several different runtimes are "
|
|
"available."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los futuros se sondean mediante un tiempo de ejecución asíncrono y hay "
|
|
"disponibles varios tiempos de ejecución diferentes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Python has a similar model in its `asyncio`. However, its `Future` type is "
|
|
"callback-based, and not polled. Async Python programs require a \"loop\", "
|
|
"similar to a runtime in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Python tiene un modelo similar en su `asyncio`. Sin embargo, su tipo "
|
|
"`Future` está basado en retrollamadas y no se sondea. Los programas "
|
|
"asíncronos de Python requieren un \"bucle\", similar a un tiempo de "
|
|
"ejecución en Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"JavaScript's `Promise` is similar, but again callback-based. The language "
|
|
"runtime implements the event loop, so many of the details of Promise "
|
|
"resolution are hidden."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Promise` de JavaScript es parecido, pero también se basa en retrollamadas. "
|
|
"El tiempo de ejecución del lenguaje implementa el bucle de eventos, por lo "
|
|
"que muchos de los detalles de la resolución de Promise están ocultos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At a high level, async Rust code looks very much like \"normal\" sequential "
|
|
"code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En general, el código asíncrono de Rust se parece mucho al código secuencial "
|
|
"\"normal\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:10
|
|
msgid "\"Count is: {i}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that this is a simplified example to show the syntax. There is no long "
|
|
"running operation or any real concurrency in it!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ten en cuenta que este es un ejemplo simplificado para mostrar la sintaxis. "
|
|
"No hay ninguna operación de larga duración ni concurrencia real."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:30
|
|
msgid "What is the return type of an async call?"
|
|
msgstr "¿Cuál es el tipo de resultado devuelto de una llamada asíncrona?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:31
|
|
msgid "Use `let future: () = async_main(10);` in `main` to see the type."
|
|
msgstr "Consulta el tipo con `let future: () = async_main(10);` en `main` ."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"async\" keyword is syntactic sugar. The compiler replaces the return "
|
|
"type with a future."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La palabra clave \"async\" es azúcar sintáctico. El compilador sustituye el "
|
|
"tipo de resultado devuelto por un futuro. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You cannot make `main` async, without additional instructions to the "
|
|
"compiler on how to use the returned future."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"No se puede hacer que `main` sea asíncrono sin dar instrucciones adicionales "
|
|
"al compilador sobre cómo usar el futuro devuelto."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:39
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You need an executor to run async code. `block_on` blocks the current thread "
|
|
"until the provided future has run to completion."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se necesita un ejecutor para ejecutar el código asíncrono. `block_on` "
|
|
"bloquea el hilo hasta que se complete el futuro proporcionado. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`.await` asynchronously waits for the completion of another operation. "
|
|
"Unlike `block_on`, `.await` doesn't block the current thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`.await` espera de forma asíncrona la finalización de otra operación. A "
|
|
"diferencia de `block_on`, `.await` no bloquea el hilo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:45
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`.await` can only be used inside an `async` function (or block; these are "
|
|
"introduced later)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`.await` solo se puede usar dentro de una función `async` (o bloqueo; estos "
|
|
"se verán más tarde). "
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html) is a "
|
|
"trait, implemented by objects that represent an operation that may not be "
|
|
"complete yet. A future can be polled, and `poll` returns a [`Poll`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html) es un "
|
|
"trait implementado por objetos que representan una operación que puede que "
|
|
"aún no se haya completado. Se puede sondear un futuro y `poll` devuelve un "
|
|
"[`Poll`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An async function returns an `impl Future`. It's also possible (but "
|
|
"uncommon) to implement `Future` for your own types. For example, the "
|
|
"`JoinHandle` returned from `tokio::spawn` implements `Future` to allow "
|
|
"joining to it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Una función asíncrona devuelve `impl Future`. También es posible (aunque no "
|
|
"es habitual) implementar `Future` para tus propios tipos. Por ejemplo, el "
|
|
"`JoinHandle` devuelto por `tokio::spawn` implementa `Future` para permitir "
|
|
"que se una a él."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `.await` keyword, applied to a Future, causes the current async function "
|
|
"to pause until that Future is ready, and then evaluates to its output."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La palabra clave `.await`, aplicada a un futuro, provoca que la función "
|
|
"asíncrona se detenga hasta que dicho futuro esté listo y, a continuación, se "
|
|
"evalúa su salida."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Future` and `Poll` types are implemented exactly as shown; click the "
|
|
"links to show the implementations in the docs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los tipos `Future` y `Polll` se implementan exactamente como se indica. Haz "
|
|
"clic en los enlaces para mostrar las implementaciones en los documentos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will not get to `Pin` and `Context`, as we will focus on writing async "
|
|
"code, rather than building new async primitives. Briefly:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"No trataremos `Pin` ni `Context`, ya que nos centraremos en escribir código "
|
|
"asíncrono en lugar de compilar nuevos primitivos asíncronos. Brevemente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Context` allows a Future to schedule itself to be polled again when an "
|
|
"event occurs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Context` permite que un futuro se programe a sí mismo para que se vuelva a "
|
|
"sondear cuando se produzca un evento."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Pin` ensures that the Future isn't moved in memory, so that pointers into "
|
|
"that future remain valid. This is required to allow references to remain "
|
|
"valid after an `.await`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Pin` asegura que el futuro no se mueva en la memoria, de forma que los "
|
|
"punteros en ese futuro siguen siendo válidos. Esto es necesario para que las "
|
|
"referencias sigan siendo válidas después de `.await`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A _runtime_ provides support for performing operations asynchronously (a "
|
|
"_reactor_) and is responsible for executing futures (an _executor_). Rust "
|
|
"does not have a \"built-in\" runtime, but several options are available:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un _runtime_ ofrece asistencia para realizar operaciones de forma asíncrona "
|
|
"(un _reactor_) y es responsable de ejecutar futuros (un _ejecutor_). Rust no "
|
|
"cuenta con un tiempo de ejecución \"integrado\", pero hay varias opciones "
|
|
"disponibles:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/): performant, with a well-developed ecosystem of "
|
|
"functionality like [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) for HTTP or [Tonic](https://"
|
|
"github.com/hyperium/tonic) for gRPC."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/): eficaz, con un ecosistema bien desarrollado de "
|
|
"funciones, como [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) para HTTP o [Tonic](https://"
|
|
"github.com/hyperium/tonic) para usar gRPC."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[async-std](https://async.rs/): aims to be a \"std for async\", and includes "
|
|
"a basic runtime in `async::task`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[async-std](https://async.rs/): se trata de un \"std para async\" e incluye "
|
|
"un tiempo de ejecución básico en `async::task`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:12
|
|
msgid "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/): simple and lightweight"
|
|
msgstr "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/): sencillo y ligero."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Several larger applications have their own runtimes. For example, [Fuchsia]"
|
|
"(https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/fuchsia-"
|
|
"async/src/lib.rs) already has one."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Varias aplicaciones de mayor tamaño tienen sus propios tiempos de ejecución. "
|
|
"Por ejemplo, [Fuchsia](https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/"
|
|
"main/src/lib/fuchsia-async/src/lib.rs) ya tiene uno."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that of the listed runtimes, only Tokio is supported in the Rust "
|
|
"playground. The playground also does not permit any I/O, so most interesting "
|
|
"async things can't run in the playground."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ten en cuenta que, de los tiempos de ejecución enumerados, el playground de "
|
|
"Rust solo admite Tokio. El playground tampoco permite ningún tipo de E/S, "
|
|
"por lo que la mayoría de elementos asíncronos interesantes no se pueden "
|
|
"ejecutar. en él."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Futures are \"inert\" in that they do not do anything (not even start an I/O "
|
|
"operation) unless there is an executor polling them. This differs from JS "
|
|
"Promises, for example, which will run to completion even if they are never "
|
|
"used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los futuros son \"inertes\", ya que no realizan ninguna acción (ni siquiera "
|
|
"iniciar una operación de E/S) a menos que haya un ejecutor que los sondee. "
|
|
"Muy diferente de las promesas de JavaScript, por ejemplo, que se ejecutan "
|
|
"hasta su finalización, aunque nunca se utilicen."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Tokio provides:"
|
|
msgstr "Tokio ofrece lo siguiente: "
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:5
|
|
msgid "A multi-threaded runtime for executing asynchronous code."
|
|
msgstr "Un tiempo de ejecución multihilo para ejecutar código asíncrono."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:6
|
|
msgid "An asynchronous version of the standard library."
|
|
msgstr "Una versión asíncrona de la biblioteca estándar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:7
|
|
msgid "A large ecosystem of libraries."
|
|
msgstr "Un amplio ecosistema de bibliotecas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"Count in task: {i}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:24
|
|
msgid "\"Main task: {i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:32
|
|
msgid "With the `tokio::main` macro we can now make `main` async."
|
|
msgstr "Con la macro `tokio::main`, podemos hacer que `main` sea asíncrono."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:34
|
|
msgid "The `spawn` function creates a new, concurrent \"task\"."
|
|
msgstr "La función `spawn` crea una \"tarea\" simultánea."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:36
|
|
msgid "Note: `spawn` takes a `Future`, you don't call `.await` on `count_to`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nota: `spawn` utiliza un `Future`, no se llama a `.await` en `count_to`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:38
|
|
msgid "**Further exploration:**"
|
|
msgstr "**Más información:**"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Why does `count_to` not (usually) get to 10? This is an example of async "
|
|
"cancellation. `tokio::spawn` returns a handle which can be awaited to wait "
|
|
"until it finishes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"¿Por qué `count_to` no suele llegar a 10? Se trata de un ejemplo de "
|
|
"cancelación asíncrona. `tokio::spawn` devuelve un controlador que puede "
|
|
"esperarse hasta que termine."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:44
|
|
msgid "Try `count_to(10).await` instead of spawning."
|
|
msgstr "Prueba `count_to(10).await` en lugar de usar spawn."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:46
|
|
msgid "Try awaiting the task returned from `tokio::spawn`."
|
|
msgstr "Intenta esperar a la correción de la tarea de `tokio::spawn`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust has a task system, which is a form of lightweight threading."
|
|
msgstr "Rust tiene un sistema de tareas, que es una forma de hilo ligero."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A task has a single top-level future which the executor polls to make "
|
|
"progress. That future may have one or more nested futures that its `poll` "
|
|
"method polls, corresponding loosely to a call stack. Concurrency within a "
|
|
"task is possible by polling multiple child futures, such as racing a timer "
|
|
"and an I/O operation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Una tarea tiene un solo futuro de nivel superior que el ejecutor sondea para "
|
|
"hacer que progrese. El futuro puede tener uno o varios futuros anidados que "
|
|
"su método `poll` sondea, lo que se corresponde con una pila de llamadas. La "
|
|
"concurrencia dentro de una tarea es posible mediante el sondeo de varios "
|
|
"futuros secundarios , como una carrera de un temporizador y una operación de "
|
|
"E/S."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:16
|
|
msgid "\"127.0.0.1:0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:17
|
|
msgid "\"listening on port {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:22
|
|
msgid "\"connection from {addr:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:25
|
|
msgid "b\"Who are you?\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:25 src/async/tasks.md:28 src/async/tasks.md:31
|
|
msgid "\"socket error\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:30
|
|
msgid "\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:39 src/async/control-flow/join.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy this example into your prepared `src/main.rs` and run it from there."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copia este ejemplo en el archivo `src/main.rs` que has preparado y ejecútalo "
|
|
"desde ahí."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try connecting to it with a TCP connection tool like [nc](https://www.unix."
|
|
"com/man-page/linux/1/nc/) or [telnet](https://www.unix.com/man-page/linux/1/"
|
|
"telnet/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ask students to visualize what the state of the example server would be with "
|
|
"a few connected clients. What tasks exist? What are their Futures?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pide a los alumnos que vean cuál sería el estado del servidor de ejemplo con "
|
|
"algunos clientes conectados. ¿Qué tareas hay? ¿Cuáles son sus futuros?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:48
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the first time we've seen an `async` block. This is similar to a "
|
|
"closure, but does not take any arguments. Its return value is a Future, "
|
|
"similar to an `async fn`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esta es la primera vez que vemos un bloque `async`. Es similar a un cierre, "
|
|
"pero no acepta argumentos. Su valor devuelto es un futuro, similar a `async "
|
|
"fn`. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Refactor the async block into a function, and improve the error handling "
|
|
"using `?`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Refactoriza el bloque asíncrono en una función y mejora la gestión de "
|
|
"errores con `?`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Several crates have support for asynchronous channels. For instance `tokio`:"
|
|
msgstr "Varios crates admiten canales asíncronos. Por ejemplo, `tokio`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:13
|
|
msgid "\"Received {count} pings so far.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:16
|
|
msgid "\"ping_handler complete\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:24
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to send ping.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:25
|
|
msgid "\"Sent {} pings so far.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:29
|
|
msgid "\"Something went wrong in ping handler task.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:35
|
|
msgid "Change the channel size to `3` and see how it affects the execution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cambia el tamaño del canal a `3` y comprueba cómo afecta a la ejecución."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Overall, the interface is similar to the `sync` channels as seen in the "
|
|
"[morning class](concurrency/channels.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En general, la interfaz es similar a los canales `sync`, tal como se ha "
|
|
"visto ver en la [clase de la mañana](concurrency/channels.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:40
|
|
msgid "Try removing the `std::mem::drop` call. What happens? Why?"
|
|
msgstr "Prueba a quitar la llamada a `std::mem::drop`. ¿Qué sucede? ¿Por qué?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) crate has channels that "
|
|
"implement both `sync` and `async` `send` and `recv`. This can be convenient "
|
|
"for complex applications with both IO and heavy CPU processing tasks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El crate [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) tiene canales que "
|
|
"implementan `sync` y `async`,`send` y `recv`. Esto puede resultar práctico "
|
|
"para aplicaciones complejas con tareas de E/S y tareas pesadas de "
|
|
"procesamiento de CPU."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What makes working with `async` channels preferable is the ability to "
|
|
"combine them with other `future`s to combine them and create complex control "
|
|
"flow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Es preferible trabajar con canales `async` por la capacidad de combinarlos "
|
|
"con otros `future` para poder crear un flujo de control complejo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md:1
|
|
msgid "Futures Control Flow"
|
|
msgstr "Flujo de Control de Futuros"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Futures can be combined together to produce concurrent compute flow graphs. "
|
|
"We have already seen tasks, that function as independent threads of "
|
|
"execution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los futuros pueden combinarse para producir gráficos de flujo de computación "
|
|
"simultáneos. Ya hemos visto tareas que funcionan como hilos de ejecución "
|
|
"independientes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Join](control-flow/join.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[Join](control-flow/join.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md:7
|
|
msgid "[Select](control-flow/select.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[Select](control-flow/select.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A join operation waits until all of a set of futures are ready, and returns "
|
|
"a collection of their results. This is similar to `Promise.all` in "
|
|
"JavaScript or `asyncio.gather` in Python."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Una operación join espera hasta que todos los futuros estén listos y "
|
|
"devuelve una colección de sus resultados. Es similar a `Promise.all` en "
|
|
"JavaScript o `asyncio.gather` en Python."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:21
|
|
msgid "\"https://google.com\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:22
|
|
msgid "\"https://httpbin.org/ip\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:23
|
|
msgid "\"https://play.rust-lang.org/\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:24
|
|
msgid "\"BAD_URL\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For multiple futures of disjoint types, you can use `std::future::join!` but "
|
|
"you must know how many futures you will have at compile time. This is "
|
|
"currently in the `futures` crate, soon to be stabilised in `std::future`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En el caso de varios futuros de tipos distintos, puedes utilizar `std::"
|
|
"future::join!`, pero debes saber cuántos futuros tendrás en el tiempo de "
|
|
"compilación. Esto se encuentra actualmente en el crate `futures`, que pronto "
|
|
"se estabilizará en `std::future`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:42
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The risk of `join` is that one of the futures may never resolve, this would "
|
|
"cause your program to stall."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El riesgo que supone 'join' es que puede que uno de los futuros no se "
|
|
"resuelva nunca, causando que el programa se bloquee. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can also combine `join_all` with `join!` for instance to join all "
|
|
"requests to an http service as well as a database query. Try adding a "
|
|
"`tokio::time::sleep` to the future, using `futures::join!`. This is not a "
|
|
"timeout (that requires `select!`, explained in the next chapter), but "
|
|
"demonstrates `join!`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"También puedes combinar `join_all` con `join!`, por ejemplo, para unir todas "
|
|
"las solicitudes a un servicio HTTP, así como una consulta a la base de "
|
|
"datos. Prueba a añadir un tokio::time::sleep`al futuro mediante`futures::"
|
|
"join!`. No se trata de un tiempo de espera (para eso se requiere `select!`, "
|
|
"que se explica en el siguiente capítulo), sino que muestra `join!\\`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A select operation waits until any of a set of futures is ready, and "
|
|
"responds to that future's result. In JavaScript, this is similar to `Promise."
|
|
"race`. In Python, it compares to `asyncio.wait(task_set, return_when=asyncio."
|
|
"FIRST_COMPLETED)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Una operación select espera hasta que un conjunto de futuros esté listo y "
|
|
"responde al resultado de ese futuro. En JavaScript, esto es similar a "
|
|
"`Promise.race`. En Python, se compara con `asyncio.wait(task_set, "
|
|
"return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED)`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similar to a match statement, the body of `select!` has a number of arms, "
|
|
"each of the form `pattern = future => statement`. When a `future` is ready, "
|
|
"its return value is destructured by the `pattern`. The `statement` is then "
|
|
"run with the resulting variables. The `statement` result becomes the result "
|
|
"of the `select!` macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Al igual que en el caso de una instrucción _match_, el cuerpo de `select!` "
|
|
"tiene una serie de brazos, cada uno de los cuales tiene la forma `pattern = "
|
|
"future => statement`. Cuando `future` está listo, la instrucción se ejecuta "
|
|
"con las variables de `pattern` vinculadas al resultado de `future`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:40
|
|
msgid "\"Felix\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:40
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to send cat.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:44
|
|
msgid "\"Rex\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:44
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to send dog.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:49
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to receive winner\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:51
|
|
msgid "\"Winner is {winner:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, we have a race between a cat and a dog. "
|
|
"`first_animal_to_finish_race` listens to both channels and will pick "
|
|
"whichever arrives first. Since the dog takes 50ms, it wins against the cat "
|
|
"that take 500ms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En este ejemplo, tenemos una carrera entre un gato y un perro. "
|
|
"`first_animal_to_finish_race` escucha a ambos canales y elige el que llegue "
|
|
"primero. Como el perro tarda 50 ms, gana al gato, que tarda 500 ms."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:62
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use `oneshot` channels in this example as the channels are supposed "
|
|
"to receive only one `send`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En este ejemplo, puedes usar canales `oneshot`, ya que se supone que solo "
|
|
"recibirán un `send`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:65
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try adding a deadline to the race, demonstrating selecting different sorts "
|
|
"of futures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Prueba a añadir un límite a la carrera y demuestra cómo se seleccionan "
|
|
"distintos tipos de futuros."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:68
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `select!` drops unmatched branches, which cancels their futures. "
|
|
"It is easiest to use when every execution of `select!` creates new futures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ten en cuenta que `select!` elimina las ramas sin coincidencias, cancelando "
|
|
"así sus futuros. Es más fácil de usar cuando cada ejecución de `select!` "
|
|
"crea futuros."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:71
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An alternative is to pass `&mut future` instead of the future itself, but "
|
|
"this can lead to issues, further discussed in the pinning slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"También puedes enviar `&mut future` en lugar del futuro en sí, pero esto "
|
|
"podría provocar problemas, como se explica más adelante en la diapositiva "
|
|
"sobre pines."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:1
|
|
msgid "Pitfalls of async/await"
|
|
msgstr "Inconvenientes de async/await"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Async / await provides convenient and efficient abstraction for concurrent "
|
|
"asynchronous programming. However, the async/await model in Rust also comes "
|
|
"with its share of pitfalls and footguns. We illustrate some of them in this "
|
|
"chapter:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Async/await ofrece una abstracción práctica y eficiente para la programación "
|
|
"asíncrona simultánea. Sin embargo, el modelo async/await de Rust también "
|
|
"viene acompañado de errores y footguns. En este capítulo veremos algunos de "
|
|
"ellos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:7
|
|
msgid "[Blocking the Executor](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[Bloqueo del ejecutor](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:8
|
|
msgid "[Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:9
|
|
msgid "[Async Traits](pitfalls/async-traits.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[Traits asíncronos](pitfalls/async-traits.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:10
|
|
msgid "[Cancellation](pitfalls/cancellation.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[Cancelación](pitfalls/cancellation.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:1
|
|
msgid "Blocking the executor"
|
|
msgstr "Bloqueo del ejecutor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most async runtimes only allow IO tasks to run concurrently. This means that "
|
|
"CPU blocking tasks will block the executor and prevent other tasks from "
|
|
"being executed. An easy workaround is to use async equivalent methods where "
|
|
"possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La mayoría de los tiempos de ejecución asíncronos solo permiten que las "
|
|
"tareas de E/S se ejecuten de forma simultánea. Esto significa que las tareas "
|
|
"que bloquean la CPU bloquearán el ejecutor e impedirán que se ejecuten otras "
|
|
"tareas. Una solución alternativa y sencilla es utilizar métodos asíncronos "
|
|
"equivalentes siempre que sea posible."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:14
|
|
msgid "\"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:19
|
|
msgid "\"current_thread\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the code and see that the sleeps happen consecutively rather than "
|
|
"concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ejecuta el código y comprueba que las suspensiones se producen de forma "
|
|
"consecutiva y no simultánea."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `\"current_thread\"` flavor puts all tasks on a single thread. This "
|
|
"makes the effect more obvious, but the bug is still present in the multi-"
|
|
"threaded flavor."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La versión `\"current_thread\"` reúne todas las tareas en un solo hilo. Esto "
|
|
"consigue que el efecto sea más obvio, pero el error sigue estando presente "
|
|
"en la versión multihilo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Switch the `std::thread::sleep` to `tokio::time::sleep` and await its result."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cambia `std::thread::sleep` a `tokio::time::sleep`. y espera su resultado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Another fix would be to `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` which spawns an actual "
|
|
"thread and transforms its handle into a future without blocking the executor."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Otra solución sería `tokio::task::spawn_blocking`, que genera un hilo real y "
|
|
"transforma su controlador en un futuro sin bloquear el ejecutor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should not think of tasks as OS threads. They do not map 1 to 1 and most "
|
|
"executors will allow many tasks to run on a single OS thread. This is "
|
|
"particularly problematic when interacting with other libraries via FFI, "
|
|
"where that library might depend on thread-local storage or map to specific "
|
|
"OS threads (e.g., CUDA). Prefer `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` in such "
|
|
"situations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"No debes pensar en las tareas como hilos del sistema operativo. No se "
|
|
"asignan 1 a 1 y la mayoría de los ejecutores permitirán que se ejecuten "
|
|
"muchas tareas en un solo hilo del sistema operativo. Esta situación es "
|
|
"especialmente problemática cuando se interactúa con otras bibliotecas a "
|
|
"través de FFI, donde dicha biblioteca puede depender del almacenamiento "
|
|
"local de hilos o puede asignarse a hilos específicos del sistema operativo "
|
|
"(por ejemplo, CUDA). En estos casos es preferible usar `tokio::task::"
|
|
"spawn_blocking`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use sync mutexes with care. Holding a mutex over an `.await` may cause "
|
|
"another task to block, and that task may be running on the same thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utiliza las exclusión mutuas de sincronización con cuidado. Si mantienes una "
|
|
"exclusión mutua sobre un `.await`, puede que se bloquee otra tarea y que "
|
|
"esta se esté ejecutando en el mismo hilo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Async blocks and functions return types implementing the `Future` trait. The "
|
|
"type returned is the result of a compiler transformation which turns local "
|
|
"variables into data stored inside the future."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some of those variables can hold pointers to other local variables. Because "
|
|
"of that, the future should never be moved to a different memory location, as "
|
|
"it would invalidate those pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To prevent moving the future type in memory, it can only be polled through a "
|
|
"pinned pointer. `Pin` is a wrapper around a reference that disallows all "
|
|
"operations that would move the instance it points to into a different memory "
|
|
"location."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond\n"
|
|
"// with a message on the `respond_on` channel.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:28
|
|
msgid "// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:35
|
|
msgid "// Pretend to work.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:38
|
|
msgid "\"failed to send response\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:41
|
|
msgid "// TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:45
|
|
msgid "// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:52
|
|
msgid "\"failed to send on work queue\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:53
|
|
msgid "\"failed waiting for response\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:62
|
|
msgid "\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:69
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You may recognize this as an example of the actor pattern. Actors typically "
|
|
"call `select!` in a loop."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puede que reconozcas esto como un ejemplo del patrón actor. Los actores "
|
|
"suelen llamar a `select!` en un bucle."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:72
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This serves as a summation of a few of the previous lessons, so take your "
|
|
"time with it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esta sección es un resumen de algunas de las lecciones anteriores, así que "
|
|
"tómate tu tiempo ."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:75
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Naively add a `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }` to "
|
|
"the `select!`. This will never execute. Why?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si añade un `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }` a "
|
|
"`select!`, nunca se ejecutará. ¿Por qué?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:78
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Instead, add a `timeout_fut` containing that future outside of the `loop`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En su lugar, añade un `timeout_fut` que contenga ese futuro fuera de `loop`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:89
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This still doesn't work. Follow the compiler errors, adding `&mut` to the "
|
|
"`timeout_fut` in the `select!` to work around the move, then using `Box::"
|
|
"pin`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Continuará sin funcionar. Sigue los errores del compilador y añade `&mut` a "
|
|
"`timeout_fut` en `select!` para ir despejando el problema. A continuación, "
|
|
"usa `Box::pin`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:103
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This compiles, but once the timeout expires it is `Poll::Ready` on every "
|
|
"iteration (a fused future would help with this). Update to reset "
|
|
"`timeout_fut` every time it expires."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se puede compilar, pero una vez que vence el tiempo de espera, aparece "
|
|
"`Poll::Ready` en cada iteración (un futuro fusionado podría resultar útil). "
|
|
"Actualiza para restablecer `timeout_fut` cada vez que expire."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:107
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Box allocates on the heap. In some cases, `std::pin::pin!` (only recently "
|
|
"stabilized, with older code often using `tokio::pin!`) is also an option, "
|
|
"but that is difficult to use for a future that is reassigned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Box se asigna en el montículo. En algunos casos, `std::pin::pin!` (solo si "
|
|
"se ha estabilizado recientemente, con código antiguo que suele utilizar "
|
|
"`tokio::pin!`) también es una opción, pero difícil de utilizar en un futuro "
|
|
"que se reasigna."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:111
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Another alternative is to not use `pin` at all but spawn another task that "
|
|
"will send to a `oneshot` channel every 100ms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Otra alternativa es no utilizar `pin`, sino generar otra tarea que se "
|
|
"enviará a un canal de `oneshot` cada 100 ms."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:114
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Data that contains pointers to itself is called self-referential. Normally, "
|
|
"the Rust borrow checker would prevent self-referential data from being "
|
|
"moved, as the references cannot outlive the data they point to. However, the "
|
|
"code transformation for async blocks and functions is not verified by the "
|
|
"borrow checker."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:120
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Pin` is a wrapper around a reference. An object cannot be moved from its "
|
|
"place using a pinned pointer. However, it can still be moved through an "
|
|
"unpinned pointer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:124
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `poll` method of the `Future` trait uses `Pin<&mut Self>` instead of "
|
|
"`&mut Self` to refer to the instance. That's why it can only be called on a "
|
|
"pinned pointer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Async methods in traits are not yet supported in the stable channel ([An "
|
|
"experimental feature exists in nightly and should be stabilized in the mid "
|
|
"term.](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-"
|
|
"nightly.html))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los métodos asíncronos en traits todavía no son compatibles con el canal "
|
|
"estable. ([Existe una característica experimental en nightly que debería "
|
|
"estabilizarse a medio plazo.](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-"
|
|
"rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-nightly.html))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) "
|
|
"provides a workaround through a macro:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) "
|
|
"proporciona una solución mediante una macro:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:35
|
|
msgid "\"running all sleepers..\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:39
|
|
msgid "\"slept for {}ms\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`async_trait` is easy to use, but note that it's using heap allocations to "
|
|
"achieve this. This heap allocation has performance overhead."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`async_trait` es fácil de usar, pero ten en cuenta que utiliza asignaciones "
|
|
"de montículos para conseguirlo. Esta asignación de montículo tiene una "
|
|
"sobrecarga de rendimiento."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The challenges in language support for `async trait` are deep Rust and "
|
|
"probably not worth describing in-depth. Niko Matsakis did a good job of "
|
|
"explaining them in [this post](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/"
|
|
"blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-hard/) if you are interested in "
|
|
"digging deeper."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Los problemas de compatibilidad del lenguaje con `async trait` son muy "
|
|
"complejos y no vale la pena describirlos en profundidad. Niko Matsakis lo "
|
|
"explica muy bien en [esta publicación](https://smallcultfollowing.com/"
|
|
"babysteps/blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-hard/), por si te interesa "
|
|
"investigar más a fondo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:65
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try creating a new sleeper struct that will sleep for a random amount of "
|
|
"time and adding it to the Vec."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Prueba a crear una estructura que entre en suspensión durante un periodo "
|
|
"aleatorio y añádela a Vec."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Dropping a future implies it can never be polled again. This is called "
|
|
"_cancellation_ and it can occur at any `await` point. Care is needed to "
|
|
"ensure the system works correctly even when futures are cancelled. For "
|
|
"example, it shouldn't deadlock or lose data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Si eliminas un futuro, no se podrá volver a sondear. Este fenómeno se "
|
|
"denomina _cancelación_ y puede producirse en cualquier momento de `await`. "
|
|
"Hay que tener cuidado para asegurar que el sistema funcione correctamente, "
|
|
"incluso cuando se cancelen los futuros. Por ejemplo, no debería sufrir "
|
|
"interbloqueos o perder datos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:35
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"not UTF-8\""
|
|
msgstr "UTF-8"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:51
|
|
msgid "\"hi\\nthere\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:57
|
|
msgid "\"tick!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:72
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The compiler doesn't help with cancellation-safety. You need to read API "
|
|
"documentation and consider what state your `async fn` holds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El compilador no ayuda con la seguridad de la cancelación. Debes leer la "
|
|
"documentación de la API y tener en cuenta el estado de tu `async fn`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:75
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike `panic` and `?`, cancellation is part of normal control flow (vs "
|
|
"error-handling)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A diferencia de `panic` y `?`, la cancelación forma parte del flujo de "
|
|
"control normal (en contraposición a la gestión de errores)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:78
|
|
msgid "The example loses parts of the string."
|
|
msgstr "En el ejemplo se pierden partes de la cadena."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:80
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Whenever the `tick()` branch finishes first, `next()` and its `buf` are "
|
|
"dropped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuando la rama `tick()` termina primero, se eliminan `next()` y su `buf`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:83
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`LinesReader` can be made cancellation-safe by making `buf` part of the "
|
|
"struct:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`LinesReader` se puede configurar para que no se cancele marcando `buf` como "
|
|
"parte del _struct_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:97
|
|
msgid "// prefix buf and bytes with self.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:106
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Interval::tick`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/time/struct.Interval."
|
|
"html#method.tick) is cancellation-safe because it keeps track of whether a "
|
|
"tick has been 'delivered'."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Interval::tick`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/time/struct.Interval."
|
|
"html#method.tick) es a prueba de cancelaciones, ya que registra si una marca "
|
|
"se ha 'entregado'."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:110
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`AsyncReadExt::read`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
|
|
"AsyncReadExt.html#method.read) is cancellation-safe because it either "
|
|
"returns or doesn't read data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`AsyncReadExt::read`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
|
|
"AsyncReadExt.html#method.read) es a prueba de cancelaciones porque o "
|
|
"devuelve los datos o no los lee."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:113
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`AsyncBufReadExt::read_line`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
|
|
"AsyncBufReadExt.html#method.read_line) is similar to the example and _isn't_ "
|
|
"cancellation-safe. See its documentation for details and alternatives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`AsyncBufReadExt::read_line`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
|
|
"AsyncBufReadExt.html#method.read_line) es similar al ejemplo y _no está_ "
|
|
"configurado a prueba de cancelaciones. Consulta su documentación para "
|
|
"obtener información detallada y alternativas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To practice your Async Rust skills, we have again two exercises for you:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para practicar tus habilidades con async de Rust, tenemos otros dos nuevos "
|
|
"ejercicios:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Dining philosophers: we already saw this problem in the morning. This time "
|
|
"you are going to implement it with Async Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La cena de los filósofos: ya hemos visto este problema por la mañana. Esta "
|
|
"vez vas a implementarlo con async de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A Broadcast Chat Application: this is a larger project that allows you "
|
|
"experiment with more advanced Async Rust features."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Una aplicación de chat de difusión: se trata de un proyecto más grande que "
|
|
"te permite experimentar con características más avanzadas de async de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Dining Philosophers --- Async"
|
|
msgstr "La Cena de Filósofos - Async"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [dining philosophers](dining-philosophers.md) for a description of the "
|
|
"problem."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consulta la descripción del problema en la sección sobre [la cena de "
|
|
"filósofos](dining-philosophers.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As before, you will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-"
|
|
"locally.md) for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/"
|
|
"main.rs`, fill out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Como antes, necesitarás una [instalación local de Cargo](../../cargo/running-"
|
|
"locally.md) para realizar el ejercicio. Copia el fragmento de código que "
|
|
"aparece más abajo en un archivo denominado `src/main.rs`, rellena los "
|
|
"espacios en blanco y comprueba que `cargo run` no presenta interbloqueos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:52
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:78
|
|
msgid "// Make them think and eat\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:58
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Since this time you are using Async Rust, you'll need a `tokio` dependency. "
|
|
"You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dado que esta vez usas async, necesitarás una dependencia `tokio`. Puedes "
|
|
"usar el siguiente `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:63
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"dining-philosophers-async-dine\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"tokio = { version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", "
|
|
"\"rt-multi-thread\"] }\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"link-checker\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-"
|
|
"tls\"] }\n"
|
|
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
|
|
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:73
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Also note that this time you have to use the `Mutex` and the `mpsc` module "
|
|
"from the `tokio` crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Además, ten en cuenta que esta vez tienes que utilizar `Mutex` y el módulo "
|
|
"`mpsc` del crate `tokio`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:78
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Can you make your implementation single-threaded?"
|
|
msgstr "¿Puedes conseguir que tu implementación tenga un solo hilo? "
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, we want to use our new knowledge to implement a broadcast "
|
|
"chat application. We have a chat server that the clients connect to and "
|
|
"publish their messages. The client reads user messages from the standard "
|
|
"input, and sends them to the server. The chat server broadcasts each message "
|
|
"that it receives to all the clients."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En este ejercicio, queremos usar nuestros nuevos conocimientos para "
|
|
"implementar una aplicación de chat de difusión. Disponemos de un servidor de "
|
|
"chat al que los clientes se conectan y publican sus mensajes. El cliente lee "
|
|
"los mensajes de usuario de la entrada estándar y los envía al servidor. El "
|
|
"servidor del chat transmite cada mensaje que recibe a todos los clientes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this, we use [a broadcast channel](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/"
|
|
"sync/broadcast/fn.channel.html) on the server, and [`tokio_websockets`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/) for the communication between the client "
|
|
"and the server."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para ello, usaremos \\[un canal en abierto](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/"
|
|
"tokio/sync/broadcast/fn.channel.html) en el servidor y [`tokio_websockets`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/tokio_websockets/) para la "
|
|
"comunicación entre el cliente y el servidor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:12
|
|
msgid "Create a new Cargo project and add the following dependencies:"
|
|
msgstr "Crea un proyecto de Cargo y añade las siguientes dependencias:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_Cargo.toml_:"
|
|
msgstr "`Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"chat-async\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"futures-util = { version = \"0.3.30\", features = [\"sink\"] }\n"
|
|
"http = \"1.0.0\"\n"
|
|
"tokio = { version = \"1.28.1\", features = [\"full\"] }\n"
|
|
"tokio-websockets = { version = \"0.5.1\", features = [\"client\", "
|
|
"\"fastrand\", \"server\", \"sha1_smol\"] }\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"link-checker\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-"
|
|
"tls\"] }\n"
|
|
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
|
|
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:31
|
|
msgid "The required APIs"
|
|
msgstr "Las APIs necesarias"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You are going to need the following functions from `tokio` and "
|
|
"[`tokio_websockets`](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/). Spend a few minutes "
|
|
"to familiarize yourself with the API."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Necesitarás las siguientes funciones de `tokio` y [`tokio_websockets`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/tokio_websockets/). Dedica unos "
|
|
"minutos a familiarizarte con la API. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[StreamExt::next()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/stream/"
|
|
"trait.StreamExt.html#method.next) implemented by `WebSocketStream`: for "
|
|
"asynchronously reading messages from a Websocket Stream."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[SinkExt::send()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/sink/"
|
|
"trait.SinkExt.html#method.send) implementado por `WebsocketStream`: permite "
|
|
"enviar mensajes de forma asíncrona a través de un flujo WebSocket."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:39
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[SinkExt::send()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/sink/"
|
|
"trait.SinkExt.html#method.send) implemented by `WebSocketStream`: for "
|
|
"asynchronously sending messages on a Websocket Stream."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[SinkExt::send()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/sink/"
|
|
"trait.SinkExt.html#method.send) implementado por `WebsocketStream`: permite "
|
|
"enviar mensajes de forma asíncrona a través de un flujo WebSocket."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Lines::next_line()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/struct.Lines."
|
|
"html#method.next_line): for asynchronously reading user messages from the "
|
|
"standard input."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Lines::next_line()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/struct.Lines."
|
|
"html#method.next_line): para la lectura asíncrona de mensajes de usuario de "
|
|
"la entrada estándar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Sender::subscribe()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/broadcast/"
|
|
"struct.Sender.html#method.subscribe): for subscribing to a broadcast channel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Sender::subscribe()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/broadcast/"
|
|
"struct.Sender.html#method.subscribe): para suscribirse a un canal en abierto."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:45
|
|
msgid "Two binaries"
|
|
msgstr "Dos binarios"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:47
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Normally in a Cargo project, you can have only one binary, and one `src/main."
|
|
"rs` file. In this project, we need two binaries. One for the client, and one "
|
|
"for the server. You could potentially make them two separate Cargo projects, "
|
|
"but we are going to put them in a single Cargo project with two binaries. "
|
|
"For this to work, the client and the server code should go under `src/bin` "
|
|
"(see the [documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/cargo-"
|
|
"targets.html#binaries))."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Normalmente, en un proyecto de Cargo, solo puedes tener un archivo binario y "
|
|
"un archivo `src/main.rs`. En este proyecto, se necesitan dos binarios, uno "
|
|
"para el cliente y otro para el servidor. Puedes convertirlos en dos "
|
|
"proyectos de Cargo independientes, pero los incluiremos en un solo proyecto "
|
|
"de Cargo con dos binarios. Para que funcione, el código del cliente y del "
|
|
"servidor deben aparecer en `src/bin` (consulta la [documentación](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/cargo-targets.html#binaries)). "
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:54
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the following server and client code into `src/bin/server.rs` and `src/"
|
|
"bin/client.rs`, respectively. Your task is to complete these files as "
|
|
"described below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copia el fragmento de código del servidor y del cliente que aparecen más "
|
|
"abajo en `src/bin/server.rs` y `src/bin/client.rs`, respectivamente. Tu "
|
|
"tarea es completar estos archivos como se describe a continuación. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:58
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:99
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_src/bin/server.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "`src/bin/server.rs`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:77
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:124
|
|
msgid "// TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:85
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:149
|
|
msgid "\"127.0.0.1:2000\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:86
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:150
|
|
msgid "\"listening on port 2000\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:90
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:154
|
|
msgid "\"New connection from {addr:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:93
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:157
|
|
msgid "// Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:102
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:166
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_src/bin/client.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "`src/bin/client.rs`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:116
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:178
|
|
msgid "\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:129
|
|
msgid "Running the binaries"
|
|
msgstr "Ejecutar los binarios"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:131
|
|
msgid "Run the server with:"
|
|
msgstr "Ejecuta el servidor con:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:137
|
|
msgid "and the client with:"
|
|
msgstr "y el cliente con:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:145
|
|
msgid "Implement the `handle_connection` function in `src/bin/server.rs`."
|
|
msgstr "Implementa la función `handle_connection` en `src/bin/server.rs`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:146
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Hint: Use `tokio::select!` for concurrently performing two tasks in a "
|
|
"continuous loop. One task receives messages from the client and broadcasts "
|
|
"them. The other sends messages received by the server to the client."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sugerencia: usa `tokio::select!` para realizar dos tareas simultáneamente en "
|
|
"un bucle continuo. Una tarea recibe mensajes del cliente y los transmite. La "
|
|
"otra envía los mensajes que recibe el servidor al cliente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:149
|
|
msgid "Complete the main function in `src/bin/client.rs`."
|
|
msgstr "Completa la función principal en `src/bin/client.rs`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:150
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Hint: As before, use `tokio::select!` in a continuous loop for concurrently "
|
|
"performing two tasks: (1) reading user messages from standard input and "
|
|
"sending them to the server, and (2) receiving messages from the server, and "
|
|
"displaying them for the user."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sugerencia: al igual que antes, usa `tokio::select!` en un bucle continuo "
|
|
"para realizar dos tareas simultáneamente: (1) leer los mensajes del usuario "
|
|
"desde la entrada estándar y enviarlos al servidor, y (2) recibir mensajes "
|
|
"del servidor y mostrárselos al usuario."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:154
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Optional: Once you are done, change the code to broadcast messages to all "
|
|
"clients, but the sender of the message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Opcional: cuando termines, cambia el código para difundir mensajes a todos "
|
|
"los clientes, excepto al remitente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "Concurrency Afternoon Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Concurrencia: Ejercicios de la Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([volver al ejercicio](dining-philosophers-async.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Add a delay before picking the second fork to allow the execution\n"
|
|
" // to transfer to another task\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:41
|
|
msgid "// The locks are dropped here\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:61
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
|
|
" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
|
|
" // either of them.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:75
|
|
msgid "// tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:90
|
|
msgid "\"Here is a thought: {thought}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:97
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([volver al ejercicio](chat-app.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:117
|
|
msgid "\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:121
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) receiving\n"
|
|
" // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n"
|
|
" // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sugerencia: al igual que antes, usa `tokio::select!` en un bucle continuo "
|
|
"para realizar dos tareas simultáneamente: (1) leer los mensajes del usuario "
|
|
"desde la entrada estándar y enviarlos al servidor, y (2) recibir mensajes "
|
|
"del servidor y mostrárselos al usuario."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:130
|
|
msgid "\"From client {addr:?} {text:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:185
|
|
msgid "// Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:192
|
|
msgid "\"From server: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and "
|
|
"that it was useful."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_Gracias por realizar el curso Comprehensive Rust 🦀._ Esperamos que te haya "
|
|
"gustado y que te haya resultado útil."
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not "
|
|
"perfect, so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, "
|
|
"please get in [contact with us on GitHub](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/discussions). We would love to hear from you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nos lo hemos pasado muy bien preparando el curso. Sabemos que no es "
|
|
"perfecto, así que si has detectado algún error o tienes ideas para "
|
|
"mejorarlo, [ponte en contacto con nosotros en GitHub](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Nos encantaría saber tu opinión."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The following is a glossary which aims to give a short definition of many "
|
|
"Rust terms. For translations, this also serves to connect the term back to "
|
|
"the English original."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"allocate: \n"
|
|
"Dynamic memory allocation on [the heap](memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"argument: \n"
|
|
"Information that is passed into a function or method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Bare-metal Rust: \n"
|
|
"Low-level Rust development, often deployed to a system without an operating "
|
|
"system. See [Bare-metal Rust](bare-metal.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"block: \n"
|
|
"See [Blocks](control-flow/blocks.md) and _scope_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"borrow: \n"
|
|
"See [Borrowing](ownership/borrowing.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"borrow checker: \n"
|
|
"The part of the Rust compiler which checks that all borrows are valid."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"brace: \n"
|
|
"`{` and `}`. Also called _curly brace_, they delimit _blocks_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"build: \n"
|
|
"The process of converting source code into executable code or a usable "
|
|
"program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"call: \n"
|
|
"To invoke or execute a function or method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"channel: \n"
|
|
"Used to safely pass messages [between threads](concurrency/channels.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Comprehensive Rust 🦀: \n"
|
|
"The courses here are jointly called Comprehensive Rust 🦀."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"concurrency: \n"
|
|
"The execution of multiple tasks or processes at the same time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Concurrency in Rust: \n"
|
|
"See [Concurrency in Rust](concurrency.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:58
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"constant: \n"
|
|
"A value that does not change during the execution of a program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:60
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"control flow: \n"
|
|
"The order in which the individual statements or instructions are executed in "
|
|
"a program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"crash: \n"
|
|
"An unexpected and unhandled failure or termination of a program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:65
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"enumeration: \n"
|
|
"A data type that holds one of several named constants, possibly with an "
|
|
"associated tuple or struct."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:68
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"error: \n"
|
|
"An unexpected condition or result that deviates from the expected behavior."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:70
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"error handling: \n"
|
|
"The process of managing and responding to errors that occur during program "
|
|
"execution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:73
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"exercise: \n"
|
|
"A task or problem designed to practice and test programming skills."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:75
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"function: \n"
|
|
"A reusable block of code that performs a specific task."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:77
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"garbage collector: \n"
|
|
"A mechanism that automatically frees up memory occupied by objects that are "
|
|
"no longer in use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:80
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"generics: \n"
|
|
"A feature that allows writing code with placeholders for types, enabling "
|
|
"code reuse with different data types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:83
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"immutable: \n"
|
|
"Unable to be changed after creation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:85
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"integration test: \n"
|
|
"A type of test that verifies the interactions between different parts or "
|
|
"components of a system."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:88
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"keyword: \n"
|
|
"A reserved word in a programming language that has a specific meaning and "
|
|
"cannot be used as an identifier."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:91
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"library: \n"
|
|
"A collection of precompiled routines or code that can be used by programs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:93
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"macro: \n"
|
|
"Rust macros can be recognized by a `!` in the name. Macros are used when "
|
|
"normal functions are not enough. A typical example is `format!`, which takes "
|
|
"a variable number of arguments, which isn't supported by Rust functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:97
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`main` function: \n"
|
|
"Rust programs start executing with the `main` function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:99
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"match: \n"
|
|
"A control flow construct in Rust that allows for pattern matching on the "
|
|
"value of an expression."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:102
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"memory leak: \n"
|
|
"A situation where a program fails to release memory that is no longer "
|
|
"needed, leading to a gradual increase in memory usage."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:105
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"method: \n"
|
|
"A function associated with an object or a type in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:107
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"module: \n"
|
|
"A namespace that contains definitions, such as functions, types, or traits, "
|
|
"to organize code in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:110
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"move: \n"
|
|
"The transfer of ownership of a value from one variable to another in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:112
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"mutable: \n"
|
|
"A property in Rust that allows variables to be modified after they have been "
|
|
"declared."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:115
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"ownership: \n"
|
|
"The concept in Rust that defines which part of the code is responsible for "
|
|
"managing the memory associated with a value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:118
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"panic: \n"
|
|
"An unrecoverable error condition in Rust that results in the termination of "
|
|
"the program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:121
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"parameter: \n"
|
|
"A value that is passed into a function or method when it is called."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:123
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"pattern: \n"
|
|
"A combination of values, literals, or structures that can be matched against "
|
|
"an expression in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:126
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"payload: \n"
|
|
"The data or information carried by a message, event, or data structure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:128
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"program: \n"
|
|
"A set of instructions that a computer can execute to perform a specific task "
|
|
"or solve a particular problem."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:131
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"programming language: \n"
|
|
"A formal system used to communicate instructions to a computer, such as Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:133
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"receiver: \n"
|
|
"The first parameter in a Rust method that represents the instance on which "
|
|
"the method is called."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:136
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"reference counting: \n"
|
|
"A memory management technique in which the number of references to an object "
|
|
"is tracked, and the object is deallocated when the count reaches zero."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:139
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"return: \n"
|
|
"A keyword in Rust used to indicate the value to be returned from a function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:141
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust: \n"
|
|
"A systems programming language that focuses on safety, performance, and "
|
|
"concurrency."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:144
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust Fundamentals: \n"
|
|
"Days 1 to 3 of this course."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:146
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust in Android: \n"
|
|
"See [Rust in Android](android.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:148
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust in Chromium: \n"
|
|
"See [Rust in Chromium](chromium.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:150
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"safe: \n"
|
|
"Refers to code that adheres to Rust's ownership and borrowing rules, "
|
|
"preventing memory-related errors."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:153
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"scope: \n"
|
|
"The region of a program where a variable is valid and can be used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:155
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"standard library: \n"
|
|
"A collection of modules providing essential functionality in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:157
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"static: \n"
|
|
"A keyword in Rust used to define static variables or items with a `'static` "
|
|
"lifetime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:160
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"string: \n"
|
|
"A data type storing textual data. See [`String` vs `str`](basic-syntax/"
|
|
"string-slices.html) for more."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:163
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"struct: \n"
|
|
"A composite data type in Rust that groups together variables of different "
|
|
"types under a single name."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:166
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"test: \n"
|
|
"A Rust module containing functions that test the correctness of other "
|
|
"functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:169
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"thread: \n"
|
|
"A separate sequence of execution in a program, allowing concurrent execution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:171
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"thread safety: \n"
|
|
"The property of a program that ensures correct behavior in a multithreaded "
|
|
"environment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:174
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"trait: \n"
|
|
"A collection of methods defined for an unknown type, providing a way to "
|
|
"achieve polymorphism in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:177
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"trait bound: \n"
|
|
"An abstraction where you can require types to implement some traits of your "
|
|
"interest."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:180
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"tuple: \n"
|
|
"A composite data type that contains variables of different types. Tuple "
|
|
"fields have no names, and are accessed by their ordinal numbers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:183
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"type: \n"
|
|
"A classification that specifies which operations can be performed on values "
|
|
"of a particular kind in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:186
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"type inference: \n"
|
|
"The ability of the Rust compiler to deduce the type of a variable or "
|
|
"expression."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:189
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"undefined behavior: \n"
|
|
"Actions or conditions in Rust that have no specified result, often leading "
|
|
"to unpredictable program behavior."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:192
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"union: \n"
|
|
"A data type that can hold values of different types but only one at a time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:194
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"unit test: \n"
|
|
"Rust comes with built-in support for running small unit tests and larger "
|
|
"integration tests. See [Unit Tests](testing/unit-tests.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:197
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"unit type: \n"
|
|
"Type that holds no data, written as a tuple with no members."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:199
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"unsafe: \n"
|
|
"The subset of Rust which allows you to trigger _undefined behavior_. See "
|
|
"[Unsafe Rust](unsafe.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md:202
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"variable: \n"
|
|
"A memory location storing data. Variables are valid in a _scope_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:1
|
|
msgid "Other Rust Resources"
|
|
msgstr "Otros recursos de Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources "
|
|
"online."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La comunidad de Rust ha creado una gran cantidad de recursos online sin "
|
|
"coste y de gran calidad."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:6
|
|
msgid "Official Documentation"
|
|
msgstr "Documentación oficial"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:8
|
|
msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El proyecto Rust cuenta con muchos recursos. Estos tratan sobre Rust en "
|
|
"general:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the "
|
|
"canonical free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes a "
|
|
"few projects for people to build."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): el libro "
|
|
"canónico sobre Rust sin coste alguno. Trata el lenguaje de forma detallada e "
|
|
"incluye algunos proyectos que los usuarios pueden compilar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the "
|
|
"Rust syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. "
|
|
"Sometimes includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code "
|
|
"in the examples."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust by Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): trata la "
|
|
"sintaxis de Rust a través de una serie de ejemplos que muestran distintas "
|
|
"construcciones. A veces incluye pequeños ejercicios en los que se te pide "
|
|
"que amplíes el código de los ejemplos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full documentation "
|
|
"of the standard library for Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[La biblioteca estándar de Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): "
|
|
"documentación completa de la biblioteca estándar de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete "
|
|
"book which describes the Rust grammar and memory model."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): un libro "
|
|
"incompleto que describe la gramática y el modelo de memoria de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:22
|
|
msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:"
|
|
msgstr "Consulta guías más especializadas en el sitio oficial de Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe Rust, "
|
|
"including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages "
|
|
"(FFI)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): trata de Rust "
|
|
"inseguro, incluido cómo trabajar con punteros sin formato e interactuar con "
|
|
"otros lenguajes (FFI)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): "
|
|
"covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after the "
|
|
"Rust Book was written."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): "
|
|
"incluye el nuevo modelo de programación asíncrona que se introdujo después "
|
|
"de que se escribiera el libro de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): "
|
|
"an introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating "
|
|
"system."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): "
|
|
"una introducción sobre el uso de Rust en dispositivos integrados sin sistema "
|
|
"operativo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:33
|
|
msgid "Unofficial Learning Material"
|
|
msgstr "Material de formación no oficial"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:35
|
|
msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Una pequeña selección de otras guías y tutoriales sobre Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust "
|
|
"from the perspective of low-level C programmers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): trata Rust "
|
|
"desde la perspectiva de los programadores de C de bajo nivel."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust for Embedded C Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/"
|
|
"rust_for_c/): covers Rust from the perspective of developers who write "
|
|
"firmware in C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust for Embedded C Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/"
|
|
"rust_for_c/): explica Rust desde la perspectiva de los desarrolladores que "
|
|
"escriben _firmware_ en C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): "
|
|
"covers the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other "
|
|
"languages such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust for professonals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): "
|
|
"trata la sintaxis de Rust comparándola con otros lenguajes, como C, C++, "
|
|
"Java, JavaScript y Python."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to help "
|
|
"you learn Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): más de 100 ejercicios "
|
|
"para aprender Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Ferrous Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-"
|
|
"material/index.html): a series of small presentations covering both basic "
|
|
"and advanced part of the Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, "
|
|
"and async/await are also covered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Ferrous Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-"
|
|
"material/index.html): una serie de pequeñas presentaciones que cubren tanto "
|
|
"la parte básica como la parte más avanzada del lenguaje Rust. También se "
|
|
"tratan otros temas como WebAssembly y async/await."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Beginner's Series to Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-"
|
|
"series-to-rust/) and [Take your first steps with Rust](https://docs."
|
|
"microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): two Rust guides aimed at "
|
|
"new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and the second is a set of "
|
|
"11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Beginner's Series to Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/es/shows/beginners-"
|
|
"series-to-rust/) y [Take your first steps with Rust](https://docs.microsoft."
|
|
"com/es/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): dos guías de Rust dirigidas a nuevos "
|
|
"desarrolladores. La primera es un conjunto de 35 vídeos y la segunda es un "
|
|
"conjunto de 11 módulos que cubren la sintaxis y las construcciones básicas "
|
|
"de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial."
|
|
"github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth exploration of Rust's memory management "
|
|
"rules, through implementing a few different types of list structures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial."
|
|
"github.io/too-many-lists/): exploración detallada de las reglas de gestión "
|
|
"de la memoria de Rust a través de la implementación de algunos tipos "
|
|
"diferentes de estructuras de listas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:61
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) "
|
|
"for even more Rust books."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consulta [The Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) para "
|
|
"ver más libros de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust "
|
|
"documentation. See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a "
|
|
"full list of useful resources."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este material se basa en las numerosas fuentes de documentación sobre Rust. "
|
|
"Consulta la página de [otros recursos](other-resources.md) para ver una "
|
|
"lista completa de recursos útiles."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache "
|
|
"2.0 license, please see [`LICENSE`](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust/blob/main/LICENSE) for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"El material de Comprehensive Rust está sujeto a los términos de la licencia "
|
|
"Apache 2.0. Para obtener más información, consulta [`LICENSE`](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/LICENSE)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:12
|
|
msgid "Rust by Example"
|
|
msgstr "Rust by Example"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by "
|
|
"Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the "
|
|
"`third_party/rust-by-example/` directory for details, including the license "
|
|
"terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Algunos ejemplos y ejercicios se han copiado y adaptado del libro [Rust by "
|
|
"Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Consulta el directorio "
|
|
"`third_party/rust-by-example/` para obtener más información, incluidos los "
|
|
"términos de la licencia."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:19
|
|
msgid "Rust on Exercism"
|
|
msgstr "Rust on Exercism"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on Exercism](https://"
|
|
"exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the `third_party/rust-on-exercism/` "
|
|
"directory for details, including the license terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se han copiado y adaptado algunos ejercicios del recurso [Rust on Exercism]"
|
|
"(https://exercism.org/tracks/rust). Consulta el directorio `third_party/rust-"
|
|
"on-exercism/` para obtener más información, incluidos los términos de la "
|
|
"licencia."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:26
|
|
msgid "CXX"
|
|
msgstr "CXX"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section "
|
|
"uses an image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` "
|
|
"directory for details, including the license terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"En la sección [Interoperabilidad con C++](android/Interop/cpp.md) se usa una "
|
|
"imagen de [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Consulta el directorio `third_party/cxx/` "
|
|
"para obtener más información, incluidos los términos de la licencia."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Small Example"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Pequeño ejemplo"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Why Rust?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "¿Por qué Rust?"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Compile Time Guarantees"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Garantías en Tiempo de Compilación"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Runtime Guarantees"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Garantías en Runtime (Tiempo de Ejecución)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Modern Features"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Funcionalidades Modernas"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Basic Syntax"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sintaxis básica"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "String vs str"
|
|
#~ msgstr "String o str"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Overloading"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sobrecarga"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Arrays and for Loops"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Arrays y Loops for"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "if expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "expresiones if"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "for expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "expresiones for"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "while expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "expresiones while"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "break & continue"
|
|
#~ msgstr "break y continue"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "loop expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Expresiones loop"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Variant Payloads"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Payloads Variantes"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Enum Sizes"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tamaños de Enum"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Novel Control Flow"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Control de Flujo"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "if let expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "expresiones if let"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "while let expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "expresiones while let"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "match expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "expresiones match"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Destructuring Structs"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Desestructurando Structs"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Destructuring Arrays"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Desestructurando Arrays"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Match Guards"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Guardas de Match"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Pattern Matching (TBD)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Correspondencia de Patrones"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Stack Memory"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Memoria de la Pila (_Stack_)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Manual Memory Management"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Manejo Manual de Memoria"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Manejo de Memoria basado en Scope (ámbitos)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Garbage Collection"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Recolección de memoria residual"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Rust Memory Management"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Manejo de la Memoria en Rust"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Moved Strings in Rust"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Cadenas movidas en Rust"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Double free en código C++ moderno"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Moves in Function Calls"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Movimientos en llamadas de función"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Copying and Cloning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Copiar y clonar"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Préstamos compartidos y únicos"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sintaxis abreviada de campos"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Method Receiver"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Receptor de método"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Storing Books"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Almacenar libros"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Option and Result"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Option y Result"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Vec"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Vec"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "HashMap"
|
|
#~ msgstr "HashMap"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Box"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Box"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Recursive Data Types"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tipos de datos recursivos"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Rc"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rc"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Iterators and Ownership"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Iteradores y Ownership (Propiedad)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Strings and Iterators"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Cadenas e Iteradores"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Generic Methods"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Métodos Genéricos"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Monomorphization"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Monomorfización"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Default Methods"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Métodos por Default"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "impl Trait"
|
|
#~ msgstr "impl Trait"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Important Traits"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Traits Importantes"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "From and Into"
|
|
#~ msgstr "From e Into"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Operadores: Add, Mul, …."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "A Simple GUI Library"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Una Biblioteca GUI sencilla"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Points and Polygons"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Puntos y Polígonos"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Catching Stack Unwinding"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Structured Error Handling"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Manejo de Errores Estructurado"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Propagating Errors with ?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Propagación de Errores con ?"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Converting Error Types"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Conversión de Tipos de Errores"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Deriving Error Enums"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Derivación de Enums de Error"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Adding Context to Errors"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Añadir Contexto a los Errores"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "no_std"
|
|
#~ msgstr "no_std"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "alloc"
|
|
#~ msgstr "alloc"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "embedded-hal"
|
|
#~ msgstr "embedded-hal"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "probe-rs, cargo-embed"
|
|
#~ msgstr "probe-rs, cargo-embed"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "zerocopy"
|
|
#~ msgstr "zerocopy"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "buddy_system_allocator"
|
|
#~ msgstr "buddy_system_allocator"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "tinyvec"
|
|
#~ msgstr "tinyvec"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "spin"
|
|
#~ msgstr "girar"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Send and Sync"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Send y Sync"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Send"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Send"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Sync"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sync"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Arc"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Arc"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Mutex"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Mutex"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "async/await"
|
|
#~ msgstr "async / await"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Pin"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Fijar"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1 Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 1: mañana"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1 Afternoon"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 1: tarde"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2 Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 2: mañana"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2 Afternoon"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 2: tarde"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3 Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 3: mañana"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3 Afternoon"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 3: tarde"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rust Bare Metal: mañana"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Concurrency Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Concurrencia: mañana"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Concurrency Afternoon"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Concurrencia: tarde"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Day 1: Basic Rust, syntax, control flow, creating and consuming values."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Día 1: Rust Básico, sintaxis, control de flujo, creación y consumo de "
|
|
#~ "valores."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Day 2: Memory management, ownership, compound data types, and the "
|
|
#~ "standard library."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Día 2: Gestión de memoria, _ownership_ (propiedad), tipos de datos "
|
|
#~ "compuestos y la biblioteca estándar."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3: Generics, traits, error handling, testing, and unsafe Rust."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Día 3: Genéricos, _traits_, gestión de errores, pruebas y _unsafe_ "
|
|
#~ "(inseguro) Rust."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo init concurrency\n"
|
|
#~ "cd concurrency\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo add tokio --features full\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo run\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo init concurrency\n"
|
|
#~ "cd concurrency\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo add tokio --features full\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo run\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We suggest using [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) to edit the "
|
|
#~ "code (but any LSP compatible editor works with rust-analyzer[3](https://"
|
|
#~ "rust-analyzer.github.io/))."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Recomendamos usar [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) para editar "
|
|
#~ "el código (aunque cualquier editor compatible con LSP funciona con [rust-"
|
|
#~ "analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/))."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/"
|
|
#~ "clion/) family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own "
|
|
#~ "tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin](https://"
|
|
#~ "www.jetbrains.com/rust/). Please take note that as of January 2023 "
|
|
#~ "debugging only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "A algunos compañeros también les gusta usar la familia [JetBrains]"
|
|
#~ "(https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/) de IDEs, que hacen sus propios "
|
|
#~ "análisis, pero también tienen inconvenientes. Si lo prefieres, puedes "
|
|
#~ "instalar el [Rust Plugin](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/). Ten en cuenta "
|
|
#~ "que, a partir de enero del 2023, la depuración solo funciona en la "
|
|
#~ "versión CLion del paquete de JetBrains IDEA."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "% rustc --version\n"
|
|
#~ "rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n"
|
|
#~ "% cargo --version\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "% rustc --version\n"
|
|
#~ "rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n"
|
|
#~ "% cargo --version\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cargo new exercise\n"
|
|
#~ " Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cargo new exercise\n"
|
|
#~ " Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cd exercise\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cargo run\n"
|
|
#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
|
|
#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
#~ "Hello, world!\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cd exercise\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cargo run\n"
|
|
#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
|
|
#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
#~ "Hola Mundo!\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cargo run\n"
|
|
#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
|
|
#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
#~ "Edit me!\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "$ cargo run\n"
|
|
#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
|
|
#~ " Running `target/debug/ejercicio`\n"
|
|
#~ "Modifícame!\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, "
|
|
#~ "and `continue`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Control de flujo: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, y "
|
|
#~ "`continue`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to "
|
|
#~ "speak about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a "
|
|
#~ "major feature and we should show students this right away."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La idea del primer día es mostrar _lo suficiente_ de Rustcomo para poder "
|
|
#~ "hablar del famoso _borrow checker_. La forma en que Rust gestiona la "
|
|
#~ "memoria es una característica importante y debemos mostrarla a los "
|
|
#~ "estudiantes desde el principio."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over "
|
|
#~ "the schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the "
|
|
#~ "slides):"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Si estás impartiendo el curso en un aula, este es un buen lugar para "
|
|
#~ "repasar el calendario. Te recomendamos que dividas el día en dos partes "
|
|
#~ "(siguiendo las diapositivas):"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Morning: 9:00 to 12:00,"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Mañana: 9:00 to 12:00,"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tarde: de 13:00 a 16:00."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include "
|
|
#~ "breaks, we recommend a break every hour!"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Por supuesto, puedes ajustar las horas según lo necesites. No olvides "
|
|
#~ "incluir pausas, recomendamos hacer un descanso cada hora."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Hola 🌍!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "A continuación, se muestra un pequeño programa de ejemplo de Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() { // Program entry point\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n"
|
|
#~ " while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n"
|
|
#~ " if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n"
|
|
#~ " x = x / 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\" -> {x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() { // Punto de entrada del programa\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut x: i32 = 6; // Variable mutable vinculante\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro para printing, como printf\n"
|
|
#~ " while x != 1 { // Sin paréntesis alrededor de las expresiones\n"
|
|
#~ " if x % 2 == 0 { // Operaciones matemáticas como en otros "
|
|
#~ "lenguajes\n"
|
|
#~ " x = x / 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\" -> {x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop "
|
|
#~ "will always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with "
|
|
#~ "different inputs."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El código implementa la conjetura de Collatz: se cree que el bucle "
|
|
#~ "terminará siempre, pero aún no se ha demostrado. Edita el código y prueba "
|
|
#~ "con diferentes entradas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to "
|
|
#~ "trigger type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime "
|
|
#~ "integer overflow."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Explica que todas las variables están tipadas estáticamente. Prueba a "
|
|
#~ "quitar `i32` para activar la inferencia de tipos. Prueba con `i8` y "
|
|
#~ "provoca un desbordamiento de enteros en _runtime_."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Cambia `let mut x` por `let x` y discute el error del compilador."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match "
|
|
#~ "the format string."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Muestra cómo `print!` da un error de compilación si los argumentos no "
|
|
#~ "coinciden con la cadena de formato."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an "
|
|
#~ "expression which is more complex than just a single variable."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Muestra cómo se debe usar `{}` como marcador de posición para poder "
|
|
#~ "imprimir una expresión más compleja que una sola variable."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::"
|
|
#~ "fmt` which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important "
|
|
#~ "that the students become familiar with searching in the standard library."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Muestra a los alumnos la biblioteca estándar y cómo buscar `std::fmt`, "
|
|
#~ "que tiene las reglas del mini-lenguaje de formato. Es importante que los "
|
|
#~ "alumnos se familiaricen con la búsqueda en la biblioteca estándar."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In a shell `rustup doc std::fmt` will open a browser on the local std::"
|
|
#~ "fmt documentation"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "En un shell, `rustup doc std::fmt` abrirá un navegador en la "
|
|
#~ "documentación local de std::fmt."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Compile time memory safety."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Seguridad de la memoria en tiempo de compilación."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Lack of undefined runtime behavior."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ausencia de comportamientos indefinidos en _runtime_."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Modern language features."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Características de lenguajes modernos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Static memory management at compile time:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Gestión estática de la memoria en tiempo de compilación:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes)."
|
|
#~ msgstr "No hay pérdidas de memoria (_casi siempre_, consulta las notas)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples are:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Es posible producir pérdidas de memoria en (_safe_) Rust. Estos son "
|
|
#~ "algunos ejemplos:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can use [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box."
|
|
#~ "html#method.leak) to leak a pointer. A use of this could be to get "
|
|
#~ "runtime-initialized and runtime-sized static variables"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puedes usar [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box."
|
|
#~ "html#method.leak) para perder un puntero. Esto podría usarse para obtener "
|
|
#~ "variables estáticas iniciadas y medidas en _runtime_."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can use [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn."
|
|
#~ "forget.html) to make the compiler \"forget\" about a value (meaning the "
|
|
#~ "destructor is never run)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puedes usar [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn."
|
|
#~ "forget.html) para que el compilador \"olvide\" un valor (lo que significa "
|
|
#~ "que el destructor nunca se ejecuta)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) with `Rc` or `Arc`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "También puedes crear por accidente una [referencia circular](https://doc."
|
|
#~ "rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) con `Rc` o `Arc`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory "
|
|
#~ "leak and Rust does not protect from those."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "De hecho, algunos consideran que poblar de forma infinita una colección "
|
|
#~ "es una fuga de memoria y Rust no protege de ellas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood "
|
|
#~ "as \"Pretty much no _accidental_ memory leaks\"."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "En este curso, \"sin pérdidas de memoria\" debe entenderse como\n"
|
|
#~ " \"casi ninguna pérdida de memoria _accidental_\"."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Integer overflow is defined via the [`overflow-checks`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-checks) compile-time "
|
|
#~ "flag. If enabled, the program will panic (a controlled crash of the "
|
|
#~ "program), otherwise you get wrap-around semantics. By default, you get "
|
|
#~ "panics in debug mode (`cargo build`) and wrap-around in release mode "
|
|
#~ "(`cargo build --release`)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El overflow en Integer es definido vía un _flag_ en tiempo de "
|
|
#~ "compilación. Las opciones son alertas panic (un crash controlado del "
|
|
#~ "programa) o una semántica de _wrap-around_. Por defecto, obtienes el "
|
|
#~ "alerta en modo depuración (`cargo build`) y _wrap-around_ en el modo "
|
|
#~ "release (`cargo build —"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also not "
|
|
#~ "be disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However, `unsafe` allows "
|
|
#~ "you to call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked` which does not do "
|
|
#~ "bounds checking."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La comprobación de límites no se puede deshabilitar con una bandera de "
|
|
#~ "compilador. Tampoco se puede inhabilitar directamente con la palabra "
|
|
#~ "clave `unsafe`. Sin embargo, `unsafe` te permite llamar a funciones como "
|
|
#~ "`slice::get_unchecked`, que no realiza comprobaciones de límites."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last decades."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust se ha creado a partir de toda la experiencia obtenida en las últimas "
|
|
#~ "décadas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Language Features"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Características del Lenguaje"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Tooling"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Herramientas"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to "
|
|
#~ "'pay' for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For "
|
|
#~ "example, writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low "
|
|
#~ "level instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Las abstracciones sin coste, similares a las de C++, significan que no "
|
|
#~ "tienes que 'pagar' por construcciones de programación de alto nivel con "
|
|
#~ "memoria o CPU. Por ejemplo, escribir un bucle utilizando `for` debería "
|
|
#~ "dar como resultado prácticamente las mismas instrucciones de bajo nivel "
|
|
#~ "que con la construcción `.iter().fold()`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', "
|
|
#~ "also known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things "
|
|
#~ "like `Option<T>` and `Result<T, E>`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Merece la pena mencionar que los enums de Rust son tipos de datos "
|
|
#~ "algebraicos, también denominados 'tipos suma', que permiten al sistema de "
|
|
#~ "tipos expresar cosas como `Option<T>` y `Result<T, E>`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to "
|
|
#~ "ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more "
|
|
#~ "talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with "
|
|
#~ "_actionable_ feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Recuerda a los alumnos que lean los errores, ya que muchos "
|
|
#~ "desarrolladores se han acostumbrado a ignorar los largos resultados del "
|
|
#~ "compilador. El compilador de Rust es mucho más comunicativo que otros. A "
|
|
#~ "menudo, te proporcionará sugerencias _prácticas_, que puedes copiar y "
|
|
#~ "pegar en tu código."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, "
|
|
#~ "Python, and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider "
|
|
#~ "standard and essential:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La biblioteca estándar de Rust es pequeña en comparación con la de "
|
|
#~ "lenguajes como Java, Python o Go. Rust no incluye elementos que se "
|
|
#~ "podrían considerar estándar o esenciales:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "a random number generator, but see [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "un generador de números aleatorios, pero consulta [rand](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
#~ "rand/)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "compatibilidad con SSL o TLS, pero consulta [rusttls](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
#~ "rustls/)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "support for JSON, but see [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Compatibilidad con JSON, pero consulta [serde_json](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
#~ "serde_json/)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library "
|
|
#~ "cannot go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the "
|
|
#~ "Rust community is still working on finding the best solution --- and "
|
|
#~ "perhaps there isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La razón es que la funcionalidad de la biblioteca estándar no puede "
|
|
#~ "desaparecer, por lo que tiene que ser muy estable. En los ejemplos "
|
|
#~ "anteriores, la comunidad de Rust todavía está trabajando para encontrar "
|
|
#~ "la mejor solución, y puede que no exista una única \"mejor solución\" "
|
|
#~ "para algunas de estas cuestiones."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this "
|
|
#~ "makes it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A "
|
|
#~ "consequence of this is that the standard library can be smaller."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust incluye un gestor de paquetes integrado con la forma de Cargo, lo "
|
|
#~ "que hace que resulte sencillo descargar y compilar crates de terceros. "
|
|
#~ "Como consecuencia, la biblioteca estándar puede ser más pequeña."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like <https://"
|
|
#~ "lib.rs/> help with this by letting you compare health metrics for crates "
|
|
#~ "to find a good and trusted one."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Encontrar buenos crates de terceros puede ser un problema. Sitios como "
|
|
#~ "<https://lib.rs/> te ayudan a comparar métricas de salud de crates para "
|
|
#~ "encontrar uno bueno y fiable."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) is a well supported LSP "
|
|
#~ "implementation used in major IDEs and text editors."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) es una implementación "
|
|
#~ "de LSP bien respaldada y utilizada en los principales IDE y editores de "
|
|
#~ "texto."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Al igual que C++, Rust tiene referencias:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ "
|
|
#~ "pointers."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Debemos desreferenciar `ref_x` al asignarle un valor, de forma similar a "
|
|
#~ "los punteros de C y C++."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values "
|
|
#~ "over their lifetime."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Las referencias que se declaran como `mut` se pueden vincular a distintos "
|
|
#~ "valores durante su tiempo de vida."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Se dice que una referencia \"toma prestado\" el valor al que hace "
|
|
#~ "referencia."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long "
|
|
#~ "enough."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust hace un seguimiento del tiempo de vida de todas las referencias para "
|
|
#~ "asegurarse de que duran lo suficiente."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`String` vs `str`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`String` o `str`"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ahora podemos entender los dos tipos de cadenas de Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range "
|
|
#~ "selection."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puedes tomar prestados slices `&str` desde `String` mediante `&` y, si "
|
|
#~ "quieres, puedes seleccionar rangos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
|
|
#~ "Fizz_buzz) interview question:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Una versión de Rust de la famosa pregunta de la entrevista de [FizzBuzz]"
|
|
#~ "(https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz):"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward "
|
|
#~ "declarations nor headers are necessary. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "En `main` hacemos referencia a una función escrita más abajo. No se "
|
|
#~ "necesitan declaraciones de redirección ni encabezados. "
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The range expression in the `for` loop in `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contains "
|
|
#~ "`=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La expresión de rango del bucle `for` en `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contiene "
|
|
#~ "`=n`, lo que hace que incluya el límite superior."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Todos los elementos del lenguaje de Rust se pueden documentar con la "
|
|
#~ "sintaxis especial `///`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but "
|
|
#~ "in real code they should be present."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Este curso no incluye diapositivas sobre rustdoc para ahorrar espacio, "
|
|
#~ "pero deben aparecer en el código real."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need "
|
|
#~ "not be addressed here."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Los comentarios internos de los documentos se tratarán más adelante (en "
|
|
#~ "la página de módulos), no es necesario tratarlos aquí."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rustdoc comments can contain code snippets that we can run and test using "
|
|
#~ "`cargo test`. We will discuss these tests in the [Testing section](../"
|
|
#~ "testing/doc-tests.html)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Los comentarios de rustdoc pueden contener fragmentos de código que "
|
|
#~ "podemos ejecutar y probar utilizando `cargo test`. Hablaremos de esto en "
|
|
#~ "la [sección de pruebas](../testing/doc-tests.html)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Methods are functions associated with a type. The `self` argument of a "
|
|
#~ "method is an instance of the type it is associated with:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Los métodos son funciones asociadas a un tipo. El argumento `self` de un "
|
|
#~ "método es una instancia del tipo al que está asociada:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's "
|
|
#~ "class."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Abordaremos en mayor profundidad los métodos en el ejercicio de hoy y en "
|
|
#~ "la clase de mañana."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Add a static method called `Rectangle::new` and call this from `main`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Añade un método estático denominado `Rectangle::new` y llámalo desde "
|
|
#~ "`main`:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n"
|
|
#~ " Rectangle { width, height }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n"
|
|
#~ " Rectangle { width, height }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "While _technically_, Rust does not have custom constructors, static "
|
|
#~ "methods are commonly used to initialize structs (but don't have to). The "
|
|
#~ "actual constructor, `Rectangle { width, height }`, could be called "
|
|
#~ "directly. See the [Rustnomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/"
|
|
#~ "constructors.html)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Aunque _técnicamente_ Rust no tiene constructores personalizados, los "
|
|
#~ "métodos estáticos se utilizan habitualmente para inicializar estructuras, "
|
|
#~ "pero no es obligatorio. El constructor real, `Rectangle { width, height }"
|
|
#~ "`, podría llamarse directamente. Consulta el [Rustnomicon](https://doc."
|
|
#~ "rust-lang.org/nomicon/constructors.html)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Add a `Rectangle::square(width: u32)` constructor to illustrate that such "
|
|
#~ "static methods can take arbitrary parameters."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Añade un constructor `Rectangle::square(width: u32)` para mostrar que "
|
|
#~ "esos métodos estáticos puede utilizar parámetros arbitrarios."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Function Overloading"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sobrecarga de funciones"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Overloading is not supported:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "No se admite la sobrecarga:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Always takes a fixed number of parameters."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Siempre se utiliza un número fijo de parámetros."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Default values are not supported:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "No se admiten valores predeterminados:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "All call sites have the same number of arguments."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Todos los sitios de llamada tienen el mismo número de argumentos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Macros are sometimes used as an alternative."
|
|
#~ msgstr "A veces, se utilizan macros como alternativa."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sin embargo, los parámetros de función pueden ser genéricos:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "When using generics, the standard library's `Into<T>` can provide a kind "
|
|
#~ "of limited polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a "
|
|
#~ "later section."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Cuando se utilizan genéricos, el `Into<T>` de la biblioteca estándar "
|
|
#~ "puede proporcionar una especie de polimorfismo limitado en los tipos de "
|
|
#~ "argumentos. Veremos más información al respecto en una sección posterior."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1: Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 1: ejercicios de la mañana"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "En estos ejercicios, estudiaremos dos partes de Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Implicit conversions between types."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Conversiones implícitas entre tipos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Arrays and `for` loops."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Arrays y bucles `for`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ten en cuenta lo siguiente a la hora de resolver los ejercicios:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get auto-"
|
|
#~ "completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo](../../cargo."
|
|
#~ "md) for details on installing Rust."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Si es posible, utiliza una instalación local de Rust. De esta forma, "
|
|
#~ "podrás autocompletar datos en tu editor. Consulta la página sobre \\[cómo "
|
|
#~ "usar Cargo\\] para obtener más información sobre cómo instalar Rust."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Alternatively, use the Rust Playground."
|
|
#~ msgstr "También puedes usar el playground de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets "
|
|
#~ "lose their state if you navigate away from the page."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Los fragmentos de código no son editables a propósito: los que están "
|
|
#~ "insertados pierden su estado si se sale de la página."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types "
|
|
#~ "([unlike C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/"
|
|
#~ "implicit_conversion)). You can see this in a program like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust no aplicará automáticamente _conversiones implícitas_ entre tipos "
|
|
#~ "([a diferencia de C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/"
|
|
#~ "implicit_conversion)). Puedes ver un ejemplo de esto en el siguiente "
|
|
#~ "programa:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The Rust integer types all implement the [`From<T>`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into<T>`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) traits to let us convert between "
|
|
#~ "them. The `From<T>` trait has a single `from()` method and similarly, the "
|
|
#~ "`Into<T>` trait has a single `into()` method. Implementing these traits "
|
|
#~ "is how a type expresses that it can be converted into another type."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Todos los tipos de enteros de Rust implementan los traits [`From<T>`]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) y [`Into<T>`]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) para permitirnos "
|
|
#~ "realizar conversiones entre ellos. El trait `From<T>` tiene un único "
|
|
#~ "método `from()` y, del mismo modo, el trait `Into<T>` tiene un único "
|
|
#~ "método `into()`. Un tipo expresa que se puede convertir en otro tipo "
|
|
#~ "implementando estos traits."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The standard library has an implementation of `From<i8> for i16`, which "
|
|
#~ "means that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by "
|
|
#~ "calling `i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From<i8> "
|
|
#~ "for i16` implementation automatically create an implementation of "
|
|
#~ "`Into<i16> for i8`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La biblioteca estándar implementa `From<i8> for i16`, lo que significa "
|
|
#~ "que podemos convertir una variable `x` del tipo `i8` a `i16` llamando a "
|
|
#~ "`i16::from(x)`. O, más sencillo, con `x.into()`, ya que la implementación "
|
|
#~ "de `From<i8> for i16` crea automáticamente una implementación de "
|
|
#~ "`Into<i16> for i8`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, "
|
|
#~ "so it is sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` "
|
|
#~ "implementation automatically."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Lo mismo se aplica a tus implementaciones `From` para tus propios tipos, "
|
|
#~ "por lo que basta con implementar `From` para obtener la respectiva "
|
|
#~ "implementación `Into` de forma automática."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Execute the above program and look at the compiler error."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ejecuta el programa anterior y observa el error del compilador."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Actualiza el código anterior para usar `into()` y realizar la conversión."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`, "
|
|
#~ "`i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try "
|
|
#~ "converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the "
|
|
#~ "[standard library documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/"
|
|
#~ "trait.From.html) to see if `From<T>` is implemented for the pairs you "
|
|
#~ "check."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Cambia los tipos de `x` e `y` a otros elementos (por ejemplo, `f32`, "
|
|
#~ "`bool`, `i128`) para ver qué tipos puedes convertir. Prueba a convertir "
|
|
#~ "tipos pequeños en tipos grandes y viceversa. Consulta la [documentación "
|
|
#~ "de la biblioteca estándar](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait."
|
|
#~ "From.html) para comprobar si se ha implementado `From<T>` en los pares "
|
|
#~ "que elijas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Arrays and `for` Loops"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Arrays y bucles`for`"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Hemos visto que un array se puede declarar de la siguiente manera:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with "
|
|
#~ "`{:?}`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puedes imprimir dicho array solicitando su representación de depuración "
|
|
#~ "con `{:?}`:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for` "
|
|
#~ "keyword:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust te permite iterar sobre elementos como arrays y rangos usando la "
|
|
#~ "palabra clave `for`:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Bonus Question"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Pregunta Extra"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for "
|
|
#~ "your argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-"
|
|
#~ "dimensional slice-of-slices. Why or why not?"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "¿Se podrían usar slices `&[i32]` en lugar de matrices de 3 × 3 "
|
|
#~ "predefinidas en el código para tus argumentos y tipos de resultados "
|
|
#~ "devueltos? Por ejemplo, `&[&[i32]]` para un slice de slices de dos "
|
|
#~ "dimensiones. ¿Por qué? ¿Por qué no?"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production "
|
|
#~ "quality implementation."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Consulta el [crate `ndarray`](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) para obtener una "
|
|
#~ "implementación con calidad de producción."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the "
|
|
#~ "[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La solución y la respuesta a la pregunta extra están disponibles en la "
|
|
#~ "sección [soluciones](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The use of the reference `&array` within `for n in &array` is a subtle "
|
|
#~ "preview of issues of ownership that will come later in the afternoon."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El uso de la referencia `&array` dentro de `for n in &array` es una vista "
|
|
#~ "previa sutil de los problemas de propiedad que se tratarán más tarde por "
|
|
#~ "la tarde."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Without the `&`..."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sin el `&`..."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The loop would have been one that consumes the array. This is a change "
|
|
#~ "[introduced in the 2021 Edition](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/"
|
|
#~ "rust-2021/IntoIterator-for-arrays.html)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El bucle habría sido uno que consume el array. Este es un cambio "
|
|
#~ "[introducido en la edición de 2021](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-"
|
|
#~ "guide/rust-2021/IntoIterator-for-arrays.html)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "An implicit array copy would have occurred. Since `i32` is a copy type, "
|
|
#~ "then `[i32; 3]` is also a copy type."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Se habría producido una copia implícita del array. Dado que `i32` es un "
|
|
#~ "tipo de copia, `[i32; 3]` también es un tipo de copia."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to "
|
|
#~ "conditionally evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value "
|
|
#~ "which then becomes the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow "
|
|
#~ "expressions work similarly in Rust."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Como hemos visto, `if` es una expresión de Rust. Se utiliza para realizar "
|
|
#~ "una evaluación condicional de uno de los dos bloques, aunque estos pueden "
|
|
#~ "tener un valor que acaba convirtiéndose en el valor de la expresión `if`. "
|
|
#~ "Otras expresiones del flujo de control funcionan de forma similar en Rust."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is "
|
|
#~ "the return value:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Se utiliza la misma regla para las funciones: el valor del cuerpo de la "
|
|
#~ "función es el valor devuelto:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in "
|
|
#~ "Rust. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El objetivo de esta diapositiva es mostrar que los bloques tienen un tipo "
|
|
#~ "y un valor en Rust. "
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) is "
|
|
#~ "closely related to the [`while let` loop](while-let-expressions.md). It "
|
|
#~ "will automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate "
|
|
#~ "over it:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El [bucle `for`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) está "
|
|
#~ "estrechamente relacionado con el [bucle `while let`](while-let-"
|
|
#~ "expressions.md). Llamará automáticamente a `into_iter()` en la expresión "
|
|
#~ "y después iterará sobre ella:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Aquí puedes usar `break` y `continue` como de costumbre."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La iteración de índices no es una sintaxis especial en Rust para ese caso."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. "
|
|
#~ msgstr "`(0..10)` es un rango que implementa un `Iterator` trait."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every "
|
|
#~ "other element. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`step_by` es un método que devuelve otro `Iterator` que salta cada otro "
|
|
#~ "elemento."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change "
|
|
#~ "vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Modifica los elementos del vector y explica los errores del compilador. "
|
|
#~ "Cambia el vector `v` para que sea mutable y el bucle `for x in v."
|
|
#~ "iter_mut()`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`loop` expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Expresiones `loop`"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Finally, there is a [`loop` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/"
|
|
#~ "expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) which creates an endless loop."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Por último, la [palabra clave `loop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/"
|
|
#~ "expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) crea un bucle infinito."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Here you must either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Para detener el bucle, debes usar `break` o `return`:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Interrumpe `loop` con un valor (por ejemplo, `break 8`) e imprímelo."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the "
|
|
#~ "types less and less as the course progresses."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Debido a la inferencia de tipos, `i32` es opcional. A medida que avance "
|
|
#~ "el curso, iremos mostrando cada vez menos los tipos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic "
|
|
#~ "container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, "
|
|
#~ "using `_` as a placeholder:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El siguiente fragmento de código le indica al compilador que copie en un "
|
|
#~ "determinado contenedor genérico sin que el código especifique "
|
|
#~ "explícitamente el tipo contenido utilizando `_` como marcador de posición:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
|
|
#~ "html#method.collect) relies on [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
#~ "std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), which [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-"
|
|
#~ "HashSet%3CT,+S%3E) implements."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
|
|
#~ "html#method.collect) se basa en [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
#~ "org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), que implementa [`HashSet`](https://"
|
|
#~ "doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-"
|
|
#~ "FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-HashSet%3CT,+S%3E)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Static and Constant Variables"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Variables Estáticas y Constantes"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse "
|
|
#~ "memory locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if "
|
|
#~ "the type does not change."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El siguiente fragmento de código demuestra por qué el compilador no puede "
|
|
#~ "reutilizar ubicaciones de memoria cuando sombrea una variable inmutable "
|
|
#~ "en un ámbito, incluso si el tipo no cambia."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Implementation based on https://xkcd.com/221/\n"
|
|
#~ " 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
#~ " Heads,\n"
|
|
#~ " Tails,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
#~ " let random_number = generate_random_number();\n"
|
|
#~ " if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " return CoinFlip::Heads;\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " return CoinFlip::Tails;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Implementation based on https://xkcd.com/221/\n"
|
|
#~ " 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
#~ " Heads,\n"
|
|
#~ " Tails,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
#~ " let random_number = generate_random_number();\n"
|
|
#~ " if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " return CoinFlip::Heads;\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " return CoinFlip::Tails;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and "
|
|
#~ "`Tails`. You might note the namespace when using variants."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "En esta página se ofrece el tipo de enumeración `CoinFlip` (tirar moneda) "
|
|
#~ "con dos variantes: `Heads` (cara) y `Tails` (cruz). Puede que veas el "
|
|
#~ "espacio de nombres cuando utilices variantes."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "En ambos casos, las funciones asociadas se definen en un bloque `impl`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then "
|
|
#~ "use the `match` statement to extract the data from each variant:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puedes definir enumeraciones más completas en las que las variantes "
|
|
#~ "contienen datos. Después, puedes usar la instrucción `match` para extraer "
|
|
#~ "los datos de cada variante:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There "
|
|
#~ "is no fall-through like in C or C++."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La expresión se coteja con los patrones de arriba abajo. No hay ningún "
|
|
#~ "sistema de respaldo, como en C o C++."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in the "
|
|
#~ "match arm which was executed."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La expresión de coincidencia tiene un valor. El valor es la última "
|
|
#~ "expresión en el brazo de coincidencia que se ha ejecutado."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then run "
|
|
#~ "the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Empezando por la parte superior, buscaremos el patrón que coincide con el "
|
|
#~ "valor y, a continuación, ejecutaremos el fragmento de código que sigue a "
|
|
#~ "la flecha. Cuando encontremos una coincidencia, pararemos. "
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`match` inspecciona un campo discriminante oculto en `enum`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::"
|
|
#~ "discriminant()`"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Se puede obtener el discriminante llamando a `std::mem::discriminant()`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs "
|
|
#~ "where comparing field values doesn't affect equality."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Esto resulta útil si, por ejemplo, se implementa `PartialEq` en "
|
|
#~ "estructuras en las que la comparación de valores de campos no afecta a la "
|
|
#~ "igualdad."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::"
|
|
#~ "Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined "
|
|
#~ "version cannot implement traits, for example."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`WebEvent::Click { ... }` no es exactamente lo mismo que `WebEvent::"
|
|
#~ "Click(Click)` con un nivel superior `struct Click { ... }`. La versión "
|
|
#~ "insertada no puede implementar traits, por ejemplo."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into "
|
|
#~ "account:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Las enumeraciones de Rust son densamente empaquetadas, ya que tienen en "
|
|
#~ "cuenta las restricciones debidas a la alineación:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum "
|
|
#~ "variant."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust utiliza un campo (discriminante) de forma interna para hacer un "
|
|
#~ "seguimiento de la variante de enumeración."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Try out other types such as"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Prueba otros tipos, como"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`dbg_size!(bool)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes,"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`dbg_size!(bool)`: tamaño de 1 byte, alineación de 1 byte,"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`dbg_size!(Option<bool>)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes (niche "
|
|
#~ "optimization, see below),"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`dbg_size!(Option<bool>)`: tamaño de 1 byte, alineación de 1 byte "
|
|
#~ "(optimización de nichos, consulta más abajo),"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`dbg_size!(&i32)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (on a 64-bit machine),"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`dbg_size!(&i32)`: tamaño de 8 bytes, alineación de 8 bytes (en una "
|
|
#~ "máquina de 64 bits),"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (null pointer "
|
|
#~ "optimization, see below)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: tamaño de 8 bytes, alineación de 8 bytes "
|
|
#~ "(optimización del puntero nulo, consulta más abajo)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Niche optimization: Rust will merge unused bit patterns for the enum "
|
|
#~ "discriminant."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Optimización de nichos: Rust combina los patrones de bits no utilizados "
|
|
#~ "para el discriminante de enumeración."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain "
|
|
#~ "more than 256 `Option`s together."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ejemplo más complejo si quieres hablar de lo que pasa cuando encadenamos "
|
|
#~ "más de 256 `Option`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Since 1.65, a similar [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-"
|
|
#~ "example/flow_control/let_else.html) construct allows to do a "
|
|
#~ "destructuring assignment, or if it fails, execute a block which is "
|
|
#~ "required to abort normal control flow (with `panic`/`return`/`break`/"
|
|
#~ "`continue`):"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "A partir de la versión 1.65, una construcción [let-else](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/let_else.html) similar permite "
|
|
#~ "realizar una tarea de desestructuración o, si falla, ejecutar un bloque "
|
|
#~ "necesario para anular el flujo de control normal (con `panic`/`return`/"
|
|
#~ "`break`/`continue`)::"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The [`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/"
|
|
#~ "match-expr.html) is used to match a value against one or more patterns. "
|
|
#~ "In that sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La \\[palabra clave `match`\\][`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
#~ "reference/expressions/match-expr.html) se usa para comparar un valor con "
|
|
#~ "uno o varios patrones. En ese sentido, funciona como una serie de "
|
|
#~ "expresiones `if let`:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Save the match expression to a variable and print it out."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Guarda la expresión de coincidencia en una variable e imprímela."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Elimina `.as_deref()` y explica el error."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option<String>`, but we cannot "
|
|
#~ "match against `String`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`std::env::args().next()` devuelve `Option<String>`, pero no podemos "
|
|
#~ "encontrar coincidencias con `String`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`as_deref()` transforms an `Option<T>` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our "
|
|
#~ "case, this turns `Option<String>` into `Option<&str>`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`as_deref()` transforma `Option<T>` en `Option<&T::Target>`. En nuestro "
|
|
#~ "caso, esto convierte `Option<String>` en `Option<&str>`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside "
|
|
#~ "`Option`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ahora podemos usar la coincidencia de patrones para encontrar "
|
|
#~ "coincidencias con `&str` dentro de `Option`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`_` es un patrón comodín que coincide con cualquier valor."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a "
|
|
#~ "wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puede ser útil para mostrar cómo funciona un enlace, por ejemplo, "
|
|
#~ "cambiando un carácter comodín por una variable o quitando las comillas "
|
|
#~ "alrededor de `q`. "
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You can demonstrate matching on a reference."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Puedes mostrar la coincidencia con una referencia."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable "
|
|
#~ "patterns, as the term can show up in error messages."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Este puede ser un buen momento para mencionar el concepto de patrones "
|
|
#~ "irrefutables, ya que el término puede aparecer en mensajes de error."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "También puedes desestructurar `structs`:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of "
|
|
#~ "fixed length."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La desestructuración de slices de longitud desconocida también funciona "
|
|
#~ "con patrones de longitud fija."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary "
|
|
#~ "Boolean expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Al establecer coincidencias, puedes añadir un _guardia_ a un patrón. Se "
|
|
#~ "trata de una expresión booleana arbitraria que se ejecutará si el patrón "
|
|
#~ "coincide:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puedes usar las variables definidas en el patrón en tu expresión if."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 1: Ejercicios de la Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "We will look at two things:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Veremos todas estas cosas:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The Luhn algorithm,"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Algoritmo de Luhn"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "An exercise on pattern matching."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Un ejercicio sobre coincidencia de patrones."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the "
|
|
#~ "function."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Copia el siguiente fragmento de código en <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e "
|
|
#~ "implementa la función:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Try to solve the problem the \"simple\" way first, using `for` loops and "
|
|
#~ "integers. Then, revisit the solution and try to implement it with "
|
|
#~ "iterators."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Intenta resolver el problema de la forma \"sencilla\" primero, usando "
|
|
#~ "bucles `for` e enteros. Luego, vuelve a la solución e intenta "
|
|
#~ "implementarla con iteradores."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based "
|
|
#~ "memory management, and garbage collection."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Gestión de la memoria: _stack_ (pila) vs _heap_ (montículo), gestión "
|
|
#~ "manual de la memoria, gestión de la memoria basada en ámbitos y _garbage "
|
|
#~ "collector_ (recolección de memoria residual)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "_Ownership_ (Propiedad): semántica de movimiento, copiar, clonar, "
|
|
#~ "_borrowing_ (préstamos) y _lifetimes_ (tiempos de vida)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Structs and methods."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Estructuras (_Structs_) y métodos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, "
|
|
#~ "`Rc` and `Arc`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La Biblioteca Estándar (_Standard Library_): `String`, `Option` y "
|
|
#~ "`Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc` y `Arc`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Módulos: visibilidad, rutas y jerarquía del sistema de archivos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works."
|
|
#~ msgstr "En primer lugar, veamos cómo funciona la gestión de la memoria."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The Stack vs The Heap"
|
|
#~ msgstr "_Stack_ (Pila) vs _Heap_ (Montículo)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Stack and Heap Example"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ejemplo de _Stack_ y de _Heap_"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Eres tú quien asigna y desasigna la memoria del _heap_."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security "
|
|
#~ "vulnerabilities, and memory leaks."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Si no lo haces con cuidado, podrían producirse fallos, errores, "
|
|
#~ "vulnerabilidades de seguridad y pérdidas de memoria."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "C Example"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ejemplo en C"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Debes llamar a `free` en cada puntero que asignes con `malloc`:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and "
|
|
#~ "`free`: the pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory. Worse, "
|
|
#~ "freeing the pointer twice, or accessing a freed pointer can lead to "
|
|
#~ "exploitable security vulnerabilities."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La memoria se pierde si la función devuelve un resultado antes de tiempo "
|
|
#~ "entre `malloc` y `free`: el puntero se pierde y no podemos anular la "
|
|
#~ "asignación de la memoria. Peor aún, si se libera el puntero dos veces o "
|
|
#~ "si se accede a uno liberado, pueden producirse vulnerabilidades de "
|
|
#~ "seguridad de las que otros podrían aprovecharse."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Los constructores y destructores permiten acceder al tiempo de vida de un "
|
|
#~ "objeto."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object "
|
|
#~ "is destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an "
|
|
#~ "exception is raised."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Al envolver un puntero en un objeto, puedes liberar memoria cuando el "
|
|
#~ "objeto se destruya. El compilador asegura que esto ocurra, aunque se "
|
|
#~ "genere una excepción."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and "
|
|
#~ "gives you smart pointers."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "A menudo, significa que la _adquisición de recursos es la inicialización_ "
|
|
#~ "(RAII) y te proporciona punteros inteligentes."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```c++\n"
|
|
#~ "void say_hello(std::unique_ptr<Person> person) {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```c++\n"
|
|
#~ "void say_hello(std::unique_ptr<Person> person) {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::cout << \"Hola \" << person->name << std::endl;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to "
|
|
#~ "memory allocated on the heap."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El objeto `std::unique_ptr` se reserva en el _stack_ y apunta a la "
|
|
#~ "memoria asignada en el _heap_."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Al final de `say_hello`, se ejecuta el destructor `std::unique_ptr`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to."
|
|
#~ msgstr "El destructor libera el objeto `Person` al que apunta."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Los constructores de movimiento especiales se utilizan cuando se pasa el "
|
|
#~ "_ownership_ a una función:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic "
|
|
#~ "memory management:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Una alternativa a la gestión manual de la memoria basada en el ámbito es "
|
|
#~ "la gestión automática de la memoria:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El programador nunca asigna ni desasigna la memoria de forma explícita."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the "
|
|
#~ "programmer."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Un _garbage collector_ (recolector de memoria residual) encuentra la que "
|
|
#~ "no se utiliza y la desasigna para el programador."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Java Example"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ejemplo en Java"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El objeto `person` no se libera después de que `sayHello` devuelva el "
|
|
#~ "siguiente resultado:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```java\n"
|
|
#~ "void sayHello(Person person) {\n"
|
|
#~ " System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```java\n"
|
|
#~ "void sayHello(Person person) {\n"
|
|
#~ " System.out.println(\"Hola \" + person.getName());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Memory Management in Rust"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Gestión de la Memoria en Rust"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "La gestión de la memoria en Rust es una mezcla:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Segura y correcta como Java, pero sin _garbage collector_."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Está basada en el ámbito, como C++, pero el compilador cumple con todas "
|
|
#~ "las normas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even "
|
|
#~ "have no cost at runtime like C."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Un usuario de Rust puede elegir la abstracción adecuada para cada "
|
|
#~ "situación, algunas ni siquiera tienen coste en _runtime_, como C."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Rust achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rust lo consigue modelando explícitamente el _ownership_."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually "
|
|
#~ "handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
#~ "boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct."
|
|
#~ "Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html), or [Arc]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). These encapsulate "
|
|
#~ "ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the "
|
|
#~ "potential errors in C."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Si en este momento te preguntan cómo, puedes mencionar que en Rust se "
|
|
#~ "suele gestionar con tipos de envoltorios RAII, como [Box](https://doc."
|
|
#~ "rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec]https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
#~ "std/vec/struct.Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc."
|
|
#~ "html) o [Arc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). Estos "
|
|
#~ "encapsulan el _ownership_ y la asignación de memoria a través de diversos "
|
|
#~ "medios, evitando así los posibles errores en C."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
#~ "org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) trait is the Rust equivalent."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puede que aquí te pregunten por los destructores, así que debes saber que "
|
|
#~ "el trait [Drop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) es el "
|
|
#~ "equivalente en Rust."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "A destructor can run here to free up resources."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Se puede ejecutar un destructor para liberar recursos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s1: String = String::from(\"Hola!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Siempre hay _exactamente_ un enlace a variable que posee un valor."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Los datos del _heap_ de `s1` se reutilizan en `s2`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Cuando `s1` sale del ámbito, no ocurre nada (ha sido movida)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```c++\n"
|
|
#~ "std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n"
|
|
#~ "std::string s2 = s1; // Duplicate the data in s1.\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```c++\n"
|
|
#~ "std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n"
|
|
#~ "std::string s2 = s1; // Duplicar datos en s1.\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```bob\n"
|
|
#~ " Stack Heap\n"
|
|
#~ ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
#~ "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```bob\n"
|
|
#~ " _Stack_ _Heap_\n"
|
|
#~ ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
#~ "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```bob\n"
|
|
#~ " Stack Heap\n"
|
|
#~ ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": s2 : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
#~ "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```bob\n"
|
|
#~ " _Stack_ _Heap_\n"
|
|
#~ ".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": s2 : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
#~ "`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a "
|
|
#~ "way to generate code in Rust at compile time. In this case the default "
|
|
#~ "implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Si los alumnos preguntan por `derive`, basta con decir que se trata de "
|
|
#~ "una forma de generar código en Rust durante el tiempo de compilación. En "
|
|
#~ "este caso, se generan las implementaciones predeterminadas de los traits "
|
|
#~ "`Copy` y `Clone`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Un valor que se toma prestado tiene un _tiempo de vida_:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The lifetime can be implicit: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El tiempo de vida puede ser implícito: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> "
|
|
#~ "Point`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Tiempo de vida también puede ser explícito: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the "
|
|
#~ "lifetime `a`\"."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Lee `&'a Point` como \"un `Point` prestado que es válido al menos durante "
|
|
#~ "el tiempo de vida de `a`\"."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a "
|
|
#~ "lifetime yourself."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El compilador siempre infiere el tiempo de vida: no puedes asignarlos tú."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed "
|
|
#~ "value:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Además de tomar prestados sus argumentos, una función puede devolver un "
|
|
#~ "valor que se ha tomado prestado:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`'a` es un parámetro genérico que infiere el compilador."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Los tiempos de vida comienzan por `'` y `'a` suele ser un nombre "
|
|
#~ "predeterminado habitual."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La parte _al menos_ es importante cuando los parámetros están en ámbitos "
|
|
#~ "distintos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a new scope (`{ ... }`), "
|
|
#~ "resulting in the following code:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Mueve la declaración de `p2` y `p3` a un nuevo ámbito (`{ ... }`), lo que "
|
|
#~ "dará como resultado el siguiente código:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ten en cuenta que no se puede compilar, ya que `p3` dura más tiempo que "
|
|
#~ "`p2`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn "
|
|
#~ "left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will "
|
|
#~ "not compile because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` "
|
|
#~ "is unclear."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Restablece el espacio de trabajo y cambia la firma de la función a `fn "
|
|
#~ "left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. No se "
|
|
#~ "compilará porque la relación entre los tiempos de vida de `'a` y `'b` no "
|
|
#~ "está clara."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Another way to explain it:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Otra forma de explicarlo:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function "
|
|
#~ "returns another reference."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Una función toma prestadas dos referencias a dos valores y devuelve otra "
|
|
#~ "referencia."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It must have come from one of those two inputs (or from a global "
|
|
#~ "variable)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Esta debe proceder de una de esas dos entradas (o de una variable global)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Which one is it? The compiler needs to know, so at the call site the "
|
|
#~ "returned reference is not used for longer than a variable from where the "
|
|
#~ "reference came from."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "¿Cuál de ellas es? El compilador debe saberlo para que, en el sitio de la "
|
|
#~ "llamada, la referencia devuelta no se use durante más tiempo que una "
|
|
#~ "variable de la que procede la referencia."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Methods are defined in an `impl` block, which we will see in following "
|
|
#~ "slides."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Los métodos están definidos en un bloque `impl` que veremos en las "
|
|
#~ "siguientes diapositivas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is "
|
|
#~ "interchangeable with the struct type name"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La función `new` se podría escribir utilizando `Self` como tipo, ya que "
|
|
#~ "es intercambiable con el nombre de tipo de estructura."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Implement the `Default` trait for the struct. Define some fields and use "
|
|
#~ "the default values for the other fields."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Implementa el trait `Default` en la estructura. Define algunos campos y "
|
|
#~ "usa los valores predeterminados para el resto de los campos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Methods are defined in the `impl` block."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Los métodos se definen en el bloque `impl`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Use struct update syntax to define a new structure using `peter`. Note "
|
|
#~ "that the variable `peter` will no longer be accessible afterwards."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Utiliza la sintaxis de actualización de estructuras para definir una "
|
|
#~ "estructura nueva con `peter`. Ten en cuenta que, después, ya no podrás "
|
|
#~ "acceder a la variable `peter`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Use `{:#?}` when printing structs to request the `Debug` representation."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Utiliza `{:#?}` al imprimir estructuras para solicitar la representación "
|
|
#~ "de `Debug`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "We describe the distinction between method receivers next."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "A continuación, se describe la diferencia entre receptores de métodos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". "
|
|
#~ "These constraints always come together in Rust due to borrow checker "
|
|
#~ "rules, and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to reference a "
|
|
#~ "struct from multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method "
|
|
#~ "on it."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Considera recalcar los conceptos \"compartido e inmutable\" y \"único y "
|
|
#~ "mutable\". Estas restricciones siempre vienen juntas en Rust debido a las "
|
|
#~ "reglas del _borrow checker_, y `self` no es una excepción. No es posible "
|
|
#~ "referenciar una estructura desde varias ubicaciones y llamar a un método "
|
|
#~ "mutable (`&mut self`) en ella."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "All four methods here use a different method receiver."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Cada uno de estos cuatro métodos utilizan un receptor de método distinto."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the "
|
|
#~ "variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puedes indicar cómo eso cambia lo que la función puede hacer con los "
|
|
#~ "valores de las variables y si se puede utilizar de nuevo en `main` y, en "
|
|
#~ "caso afirmativo, cómo."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` "
|
|
#~ "twice."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puedes mostrar el error que aparece al intentar llamar a `finish` dos "
|
|
#~ "veces."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static "
|
|
#~ "functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables "
|
|
#~ "automatic referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust "
|
|
#~ "automatically adds in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches "
|
|
#~ "the method signature."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ten en cuenta que, aunque los receptores de los métodos sean diferentes, "
|
|
#~ "las funciones no estáticas se llaman del mismo modo en el cuerpo "
|
|
#~ "principal. Rust habilita la referenciación y desreferenciación "
|
|
#~ "automáticas al llamar a los métodos. Además, añade automáticamente los "
|
|
#~ "caracteres `&`, `*` y `muts` para que el objeto coincida con la firma del "
|
|
#~ "método."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated "
|
|
#~ "over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Podrías mencionar que `print_laps` está usando un vector sobre el que se "
|
|
#~ "itera. Describiremos los vectores con más detalle por la tarde. "
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2: Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 2: Ejercicios de la Mañana"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Veremos la implementación de métodos en dos contextos:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Storing books and querying the collection"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Almacenar libros y consultar la colección"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Keeping track of health statistics for patients"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Hacer seguimiento de las estadísticas de salud de pacientes"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec<T>` type tomorrow. For "
|
|
#~ "now, you just need to know part of its API:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Mañana conoceremos mucho mejor _structs_ y el tipo `Vec<T>`. Por ahora, "
|
|
#~ "solo debes conocer parte de su API:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Use this to model a library's book collection. Copy the code below to "
|
|
#~ "<https://play.rust-lang.org/> and update the types to make it compile:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Crea un modelo de la colección de libros de una biblioteca con esta "
|
|
#~ "opción. Copia el código que aparece abajo en <https://play.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
#~ "> y actualiza los tipos para que compile:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[Soluciones](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The common vocabulary types include:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Entre los tipos de vocabulario más habituales se incluyen los siguientes:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional "
|
|
#~ "values and [error handling](error-handling.md)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Tipos [`Option` y `Result`](std/option-result.md): se utilizan para "
|
|
#~ "valores opcionales y [gestión de errores](error-handling.md)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`String`](std/string.md): el tipo de cadena predeterminado que se usa "
|
|
#~ "para los datos propios."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector."
|
|
#~ msgstr "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): un vector estándar extensible."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing "
|
|
#~ "algorithm."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): un mapa hash con un algoritmo hash "
|
|
#~ "configurable."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Box`](std/box.md): un puntero propio para datos ubicados en el _heap_."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated "
|
|
#~ "data."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Rc`](std/rc.md): un puntero compartido de conteo de referencias para "
|
|
#~ "datos asignados a _heap_."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`Option` and `Result`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Option` y `Result`"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The types represent optional data:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Los tipos representan datos opcionales:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Option<&T>` no usa espacio adicional en comparación con `&T`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`binary_search` returns `Result<usize, usize>`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`binary_search` devuelve `Result<usize, usize>`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Si se encuentra, `Result::Ok` contiene el índice donde se halla el "
|
|
#~ "elemento."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should "
|
|
#~ "be inserted."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "De lo contrario, `Result::Err` contendrá el índice donde se debe insertar "
|
|
#~ "dicho elemento."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Show iterating over a vector and mutating the value: `for e in &mut v "
|
|
#~ "{ *e += 50; }`"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Muestra la iteración sobre un vector y la mutación del valor: `for e in "
|
|
#~ "&mut v { *e += 50; }`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```bob\n"
|
|
#~ " Stack Heap\n"
|
|
#~ ".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": five : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ "`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```bob\n"
|
|
#~ " _Stack_ _Heap_\n"
|
|
#~ ".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": five : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ "`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` "
|
|
#~ "statement thanks to `Deref`. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "En el ejemplo anterior, incluso puedes omitir `*` en la instrucción "
|
|
#~ "`println!` gracias a `Deref`. "
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Box with Recursive Data Structures"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Box con Estructuras de Datos Recursivos"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`Cell` and `RefCell`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Cell` y `RefCell`"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) and "
|
|
#~ "[`RefCell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) "
|
|
#~ "implement what Rust calls _interior mutability:_ mutation of values in an "
|
|
#~ "immutable context."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) y "
|
|
#~ "[`RefCell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) "
|
|
#~ "implementan lo que Rust llama _mutabilidad interna_: mutación de valores "
|
|
#~ "en un contexto inmutable."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`Cell` is typically used for simple types, as it requires copying or "
|
|
#~ "moving values. More complex interior types typically use `RefCell`, which "
|
|
#~ "tracks shared and exclusive references at runtime and panics if they are "
|
|
#~ "misused."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Normalmente, `Cell` se utiliza para tipos simples, ya que requiere copiar "
|
|
#~ "o mover valores. Los tipos internos más complejos normalmente utilizan "
|
|
#~ "`RefCell`, que realiza un seguimiento de las referencias compartidas y "
|
|
#~ "exclusivas en tiempo de ejecución y entra en pánico si se utilizan de "
|
|
#~ "forma incorrecta."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If we were using `Cell` instead of `RefCell` in this example, we would "
|
|
#~ "have to move the `Node` out of the `Rc` to push children, then move it "
|
|
#~ "back in. This is safe because there's always one, un-referenced value in "
|
|
#~ "the cell, but it's not ergonomic."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Si estuviéramos utilizando `Cell` en lugar de `RefCell` en este ejemplo, "
|
|
#~ "tendríamos que mover el `Node` fuera del `Rc` para insertar hijos y luego "
|
|
#~ "volver a moverlo. Esto es seguro porque siempre hay un valor sin "
|
|
#~ "referenciar en la celda, pero no es ergonómico."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "To do anything with a Node, you must call a `RefCell` method, usually "
|
|
#~ "`borrow` or `borrow_mut`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Para hacer cualquier cosa con un Node, debes llamar a un método de "
|
|
#~ "`RefCell`, normalmente `borrow` o `borrow_mut`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 2: Ejercicios de la Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Los ejercicios de esta tarde se centrarán en las cadenas y los iteradores."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the "
|
|
#~ "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and "
|
|
#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator."
|
|
#~ "html) traits."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El modelo de _ownership_ de Rust afecta a muchas APIs. Un ejemplo serían "
|
|
#~ "los traits [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
|
|
#~ "html) y [`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait."
|
|
#~ "IntoIterator.html)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. "
|
|
#~ "The `Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get "
|
|
#~ "`None` back:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Los _traits_ son como las interfaces: describen el comportamiento "
|
|
#~ "(métodos) de un tipo. El trait `Iterator` indica que se puede llamar a "
|
|
#~ "`next` hasta que se obtenga `None`:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You use this trait like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Utiliza este trait de la siguiente forma:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "¿Qué tipo devuelve el iterador? Prueba tu respuesta aquí:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Why is this type used?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "¿Por qué se usa este tipo?"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Al igual que antes, ¿qué tipo devuelve el iterador?"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` "
|
|
#~ "loops. They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the "
|
|
#~ "resulting iterator:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ahora que conocemos `Iterator` e `IntoIterator`, podemos crear bucles "
|
|
#~ "`for`. Llaman a `into_iter()` sobre una expresión e iteran sobre el "
|
|
#~ "iterador resultante:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for "
|
|
#~ "[`impl IntoIterator for &Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
|
|
#~ "struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26'a+Vec%3CT,+A%3E) and [`impl "
|
|
#~ "IntoIterator for Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec."
|
|
#~ "html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT,+A%3E) to check your answers."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Experimenta con el código anterior y consulta la documentación sobre "
|
|
#~ "[`impl IntoIterator for &Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
|
|
#~ "struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26'a+Vec%3CT,+A%3E) y sobre [`impl "
|
|
#~ "IntoIterator for Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec."
|
|
#~ "html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT,+A%3E) para comprobar las respuestas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web "
|
|
#~ "server. The server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which "
|
|
#~ "are matched against _request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a "
|
|
#~ "wildcard character which matches a full segment. See the unit tests below."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "En este ejercicio se va a implementar un componente de enrutamiento de un "
|
|
#~ "servidor web. El servidor está configurado con un número de _prefijos de "
|
|
#~ "ruta_ que se comparan con las _rutas de solicitud_. Los prefijos de ruta "
|
|
#~ "pueden contener un carácter comodín que coincida con un segmento "
|
|
#~ "completo. Consulta las pruebas unitarias más abajo."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library "
|
|
#~ "traits."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "_Traits_: derivación de _traits_, métodos predeterminados y _traits_ "
|
|
#~ "importantes de la _standard library_ (biblioteca estándar)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and "
|
|
#~ "trait objects."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "_Generics_ (Genéricos): tipos de datos genéricos, métodos genéricos, "
|
|
#~ "monomorfización y objetos de _traits_."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Pruebas: pruebas unitarias, pruebas de documentación y pruebas de "
|
|
#~ "integración."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern "
|
|
#~ "functions."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust inseguro: punteros sin formato, variables estáticas, funciones no "
|
|
#~ "seguras y funciones externas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Prueba a declarar una nueva variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Fix the code to allow points that have elements of different types."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Corrige el código para permitir puntos que tengan elementos de distintos "
|
|
#~ "tipos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Puedes declarar un tipo genérico en tu bloque `impl`:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El código genérico se convierte en código no genérico en función de los "
|
|
#~ "sitios de llamada:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "behaves as if you wrote"
|
|
#~ msgstr "se comporta como si se hubiera escrito"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust derive macros work by automatically generating code that implements "
|
|
#~ "the specified traits for a data structure."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Las macros de derivación de Rust funcionan generando automáticamente "
|
|
#~ "código que implementa los _traits_ especificados para una estructura de "
|
|
#~ "datos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits as follows:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puedes dejar que el compilador derive una serie de _traits_ de la "
|
|
#~ "siguiente manera:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Los _traits_ pueden implementar comportamientos en función de otros "
|
|
#~ "métodos de _traits_:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Move method `not_equals` to a new trait `NotEquals`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Mueve el método `not_equals` a un nuevo trait `NotEquals`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Make `Equals` a super trait for `NotEquals`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Haz que `Equals` sea un supertrait para `NotEquals`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "trait NotEquals: Equals {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " !self.equals(other)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "trait NotEquals: Equals {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " !self.equals(other)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Provide a blanket implementation of `NotEquals` for `Equals`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Proporciona una implementación general de `NotEquals` para `Equals`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "With the blanket implementation, you no longer need `Equals` as a super "
|
|
#~ "trait for `NotEqual`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Con la implementación general, ya no necesitas `Equals` como supertrait "
|
|
#~ "para `NotEqual`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`impl Trait` permite trabajar con tipos a los que no se les puede asignar "
|
|
#~ "un nombre."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to "
|
|
#~ "explain that nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` "
|
|
#~ "type. If we used a single `T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint "
|
|
#~ "that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type. It would not work "
|
|
#~ "for this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely "
|
|
#~ "not what `format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` "
|
|
#~ "syntax, we'd need two independent generic parameters."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Este ejemplo es fantástico porque usa `impl Display` dos veces. Nos ayuda "
|
|
#~ "explicar que no hay nada que obligue a que sea _el mismo_ tipo `impl "
|
|
#~ "Display`. Si se utiliza un solo `T: Display`, se aplicaría la restricción "
|
|
#~ "de que el tipo de entrada `T` y el tipo de retorno `T` son iguales. No "
|
|
#~ "funcionaría para esta función en concreto, ya que el tipo que esperamos "
|
|
#~ "como entrada probablemente no sea el que devuelve `format!`. Si "
|
|
#~ "quisiéramos hacer lo mismo a través de la sintaxis `: Display`, "
|
|
#~ "necesitaríamos dos parámetros genéricos independientes."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard "
|
|
#~ "library:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "A continuación, veremos algunos de los _traits_ más comunes de la "
|
|
#~ "biblioteca estándar de Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and "
|
|
#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator."
|
|
#~ "html) used in `for` loops,"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) y "
|
|
#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator."
|
|
#~ "html) se usan en los bucles `for`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and "
|
|
#~ "[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) used to "
|
|
#~ "convert values,"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) y [`Into`]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) se usan para "
|
|
#~ "convertir valores."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and [`Write`]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) used for IO,"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) y [`Write`]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) se usan para E/S."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... used for operator "
|
|
#~ "overloading, and"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... se usan para "
|
|
#~ "sobrecargar operadores, y"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) "
|
|
#~ "used to construct a default instance of a type."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) se "
|
|
#~ "usa para construir una instancia predeterminada de un tipo."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`Iterator` implements `fn collect<B>(self) -> B where B: "
|
|
#~ "FromIterator<Self::Item>, Self: Sized`"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`Iterator` implementa `fn collect<B>(self) -> B where B: "
|
|
#~ "FromIterator<Self::Item>, Self: Sized`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`Add`, `Mul`, ..."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Add`, `Mul`, etc."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3: Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 3: Ejercicios de la Mañana"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will design a classical GUI library using traits and trait objects."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Diseñaremos una biblioteca GUI clásica de _traits_ y objetos _trait_."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will also look at enum dispatch with an exercise involving points and "
|
|
#~ "polygons."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "También veremos la asignación de enumeraciones con un ejercicio que "
|
|
#~ "involucra puntos y polígonos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits "
|
|
#~ "and trait objects."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Vamos a diseñar una biblioteca GUI clásica con nuestro recién adquirido "
|
|
#~ "conocimiento sobre _traits_ y objetos trait."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tendremos varios widgets en nuestra biblioteca:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Window`: tiene un `title` y contiene otros widgets."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the "
|
|
#~ "button is pressed."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`Button`: tiene una `label` y una función de retrollamada que se invoca "
|
|
#~ "cuando se pulsa el botón."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`Label`: has a `label`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Label`: tiene una `label`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Los widgets implementarán un trait `Widget`, como se indica más abajo."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, fill in the missing "
|
|
#~ "`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Copia el siguiente fragmento de código en la página <https://play.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/> y rellena los métodos `draw_into` que faltan para implementar "
|
|
#~ "el trait `Widget`:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "La salida del programa anterior puede ser algo sencillo como esto:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the [fill/alignment]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment) formatting "
|
|
#~ "operators. In particular, notice how you can pad with different "
|
|
#~ "characters (here a `'/'`) and how you can control alignment:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Si quieres trazar texto alineado, puedes usar los operadores de formato "
|
|
#~ "[relleno/alineación](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index."
|
|
#~ "html#fillalignment). En concreto, observa cómo puedes rellenar con "
|
|
#~ "distintos caracteres (en este caso, `'/'`) y cómo puedes controlar la "
|
|
#~ "alineación:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Con estos trucos de alineación puedes, por ejemplo, obtener resultados "
|
|
#~ "como el siguiente:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Polygon Struct"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Estructura de polígono"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the "
|
|
#~ "code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
|
|
#~ "methods to make the tests pass:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Crearemos una estructura `Polygon` que contenga algunos puntos. Copia el "
|
|
#~ "siguiente fragmento de código en la página <https://play.rust-lang.org/> "
|
|
#~ "y rellena los métodos que faltan para pasar las pruebas:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the "
|
|
#~ "key part of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to "
|
|
#~ "modify the tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dado que faltan las firmas de los métodos en las instrucciones del "
|
|
#~ "problema, la parte clave del ejercicio consiste en especificarlas "
|
|
#~ "correctamente. No tienes que modificar las pruebas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Otras partes interesantes del ejercicio:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes "
|
|
#~ "don't borrow their arguments."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Deriva un trait `Copy` en algunas estructuras, ya que, en las pruebas, "
|
|
#~ "los métodos a veces no toman prestados sus argumentos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be "
|
|
#~ "addable via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Descubrir que hay que implementar el trait `Add` para que se puedan "
|
|
#~ "añadir dos objetos mediante \"+\". Ten en cuenta que no hablaremos de los "
|
|
#~ "genéricos hasta el día 3."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La gestión de errores en Rust se realiza mediante un flujo de control "
|
|
#~ "explícito:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Functions that can have errors list this in their return type,"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Las funciones que pueden tener errores lo indican en su tipo de resultado "
|
|
#~ "devuelto."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "There are no exceptions."
|
|
#~ msgstr "No hay excepciones."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Catching the Stack Unwinding"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Capturar el Desenrrollado de la _Stack_"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when "
|
|
#~ "errors are expected as part of normal operation:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ya hemos visto la _enum_ `Result`. Se utiliza normalmente cuando se "
|
|
#~ "esperan errores como parte del funcionamiento normal:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Propagating Errors with `?`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Propagar errores con `?`"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you "
|
|
#~ "turn the common"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El operador try `?` se utiliza para devolver errores al llamador. Te "
|
|
#~ "permite convertir"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The return type of the function has to be compatible with the nested "
|
|
#~ "functions it calls. For instance, a function returning a `Result<T, Err>` "
|
|
#~ "can only apply the `?` operator on a function returning a `Result<AnyT, "
|
|
#~ "Err>`. It cannot apply the `?` operator on a function returning an "
|
|
#~ "`Option<AnyT>` or `Result<T, OtherErr>` unless `OtherErr` implements "
|
|
#~ "`From<Err>`. Reciprocally, a function returning an `Option<T>` can only "
|
|
#~ "apply the `?` operator on a function returning an `Option<AnyT>`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El tipo de resultado de la función tiene que ser compatible con las "
|
|
#~ "funciones anidadas que llama. Por ejemplo, una función que devuelve un "
|
|
#~ "`Result<T, Err>` solo puede aplicar el operador `?` a una función que "
|
|
#~ "devuelve un `Result<AnyT, Err>`. No puede aplicar el operador `?` a una "
|
|
#~ "función que devuelve un `Option<AnyT>` o `Result<T, OtherErr>` a menos "
|
|
#~ "que `OtherErr` implemente `From<Err>`. Recíprocamente, una función que "
|
|
#~ "devuelve un `Option<T>` solo puede aplicar el operador `?` a una función "
|
|
#~ "que devuelve un `Option<AnyT>`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can convert incompatible types into one another with the different "
|
|
#~ "`Option` and `Result` methods such as `Option::ok_or`, `Result::ok`, "
|
|
#~ "`Result::err`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puedes convertir tipos incompatibles entre sí con los distintos métodos "
|
|
#~ "de `Option` y `Result` como `Option::ok_or`, `Result::ok`, `Result::err`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It is good practice for all error types that don't need to be `no_std` to "
|
|
#~ "implement `std::error::Error`, which requires `Debug` and `Display`. The "
|
|
#~ "`Error` crate for `core` is only available in [nightly](https://github."
|
|
#~ "com/rust-lang/rust/issues/103765), so not fully `no_std` compatible yet."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Se recomienda que todos los tipos de errores que no necesitan ser "
|
|
#~ "`no_std` implementen `std::error::Error`, que requiere `Debug` y "
|
|
#~ "`Display`. El crate `Error` para `core` solo está disponible en [nightly]"
|
|
#~ "(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/103765), por lo que aún no es "
|
|
#~ "totalmente compatible con `no_std`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too where "
|
|
#~ "possible, to make life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In "
|
|
#~ "this case we can't easily do so, because `io::Error` doesn't implement "
|
|
#~ "them."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Por lo general, es útil que también implementen `Clone` y `Eq`, siempre "
|
|
#~ "que sea posible, para facilitar las cosas a las pruebas y a los "
|
|
#~ "consumidores de tu biblioteca. En este caso, no podemos hacerlo de forma "
|
|
#~ "sencilla porque `io::Error` no los implementa."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, "
|
|
#~ "and optionally `Display` (if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) "
|
|
#~ "and `From` (if the `#[from]` attribute is added). It also works for "
|
|
#~ "structs."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La macro de derivación de `thiserror` implementa automáticamente `std::"
|
|
#~ "error::Error` y, de forma opcional, `Display` (si se proporcionan los "
|
|
#~ "atributos `#[error(...)]`) y `From` (si se añade el atributo `#[from]`). "
|
|
#~ "También funciona con estructuras."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "No afecta a tu API pública, lo que la hace idónea para las bibliotecas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add "
|
|
#~ "contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer custom "
|
|
#~ "error types:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "El crate [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/), que se utiliza con "
|
|
#~ "frecuencia, puede ayudar a añadir información contextual a los errores y "
|
|
#~ "permite tener menos tipos de errores personalizados:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Marca pruebas unitarias con `#[test]`:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Busca y ejecuta las pruebas unitarias con `cargo test`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the [Playground]"
|
|
#~ "(https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Las pruebas unitarias se suelen incluir en un módulo anidado (ejecuta las "
|
|
#~ "pruebas en el [_Playground_](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Useful crates for writing tests"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Crates útiles para escribir pruebas"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Calling External Code"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Llamar a código externo"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. "
|
|
#~ "Calling them is thus unsafe:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Es posible que las funciones de otros lenguajes infrinjan las garantías "
|
|
#~ "de Rust. Por lo tanto, no es seguro llamarlas:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 3: ejercicios de la tarde"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Vamos a crear un envoltorio seguro para leer el contenido del directorio."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "For this exercise, we suggest using a local dev environment instead of "
|
|
#~ "the Playground. This will allow you to run your binary on your own "
|
|
#~ "machine."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Para este ejercicio, recomendamos utilizar un entorno de desarrollo "
|
|
#~ "local, en lugar del playground. De este modo, podrás ejecutar tu binario "
|
|
#~ "en tu propia máquina."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "To get started, follow the [running locally](../../cargo/running-locally."
|
|
#~ "md) instructions."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Para empezar, sigue las instrucciones para [ejecutar a nivel local](../../"
|
|
#~ "cargo/running-locally.md)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution](solutions-"
|
|
#~ "afternoon.md) provided."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Después de realizar el ejercicio, puedes consultar la [solución]"
|
|
#~ "(solutions-afternoon.md) proporcionada."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libtextwrap\",\n"
|
|
#~ " ],\n"
|
|
#~ " prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_library {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"greetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libtextwrap\",\n"
|
|
#~ " ],\n"
|
|
#~ " prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_library {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"greetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Rust demo.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use greetings::greeting;\n"
|
|
#~ "use textwrap::fill;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Rust demo.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use greetings::greeting;\n"
|
|
#~ "use textwrap::fill;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Imprime un saludo en una salida estándar.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Greeting library.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Greet `name`.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Greeting library.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Saludar a `name`.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```java\n"
|
|
#~ "package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/** Birthday service interface. */\n"
|
|
#~ "interface IBirthdayService {\n"
|
|
#~ " /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
|
|
#~ " String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```java\n"
|
|
#~ "package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/** Birthday service interface. */\n"
|
|
#~ "interface IBirthdayService {\n"
|
|
#~ " /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
|
|
#~ " String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "aidl_interface {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " unstable: true,\n"
|
|
#~ " backend: {\n"
|
|
#~ " rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n"
|
|
#~ " enabled: true,\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "aidl_interface {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " unstable: true,\n"
|
|
#~ " backend: {\n"
|
|
#~ " rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n"
|
|
#~ " enabled: true,\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "At this point, the instructor should switch to the [CXX tutorial](https://"
|
|
#~ "cxx.rs/tutorial.html)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "En este punto, el instructor debería cambiar al [tutorial de CXX](https://"
|
|
#~ "cxx.rs/tutorial.html)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Walk the students through the tutorial step by step."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Guía a los estudiantes a través del tutorial paso a paso."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Highlight how CXX presents a clean interface without unsafe code in _both "
|
|
#~ "languages_."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Destaca cómo CXX presenta una interfaz limpia sin código inseguro en "
|
|
#~ "_ambos lenguajes_."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Explain how a Rust `String` cannot map to a C++ `std::string` (the latter "
|
|
#~ "does not uphold the UTF-8 invariant). Show that despite being different "
|
|
#~ "types, `rust::String` in C++ can be easily constructed from a C++ `std::"
|
|
#~ "string`, making it very ergonomic to use."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Explica que una `String` de Rust no puede asignarse a una `std::string` "
|
|
#~ "de C++ (esta última no mantiene la invariante UTF-8). Muestra que, a "
|
|
#~ "pesar de ser tipos diferentes, `rust::String` en C++ se puede construir "
|
|
#~ "fácilmente a partir de una `std::string` de C++, lo que la hace muy "
|
|
#~ "ergonómica de usar."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Explain that a Rust function returning `Result<T, E>` becomes a function "
|
|
#~ "which throws a `E` exception in C++ (and vice versa)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Explica que una función de Rust que devuelve `Result<T, E>` se convierte "
|
|
#~ "en una función que lanza una excepción `E` en C++ (y viceversa)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```bash\n"
|
|
#~ "sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gdb-multiarch libudev-dev picocom "
|
|
#~ "pkg-config qemu-system-arm\n"
|
|
#~ "rustup update\n"
|
|
#~ "rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
|
|
#~ "rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```bash\n"
|
|
#~ "sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gdb-multiarch libudev-dev picocom "
|
|
#~ "pkg-config qemu-system-arm\n"
|
|
#~ "rustup update\n"
|
|
#~ "rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
|
|
#~ "rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```bash\n"
|
|
#~ "echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"usb\", ATTR{idVendor}==\"0d28\", MODE=\"0664\", "
|
|
#~ "GROUP=\"plugdev\"' |\\\n"
|
|
#~ " sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/50-microbit.rules\n"
|
|
#~ "sudo udevadm control --reload-rules\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```bash\n"
|
|
#~ "echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"usb\", ATTR{idVendor}==\"0d28\", MODE=\"0664\", "
|
|
#~ "GROUP=\"plugdev\"' |\\\n"
|
|
#~ " sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/50-microbit.rules\n"
|
|
#~ "sudo udevadm control --reload-rules\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```bash\n"
|
|
#~ "xcode-select --install\n"
|
|
#~ "brew install gdb picocom qemu\n"
|
|
#~ "brew install --cask gcc-aarch64-embedded\n"
|
|
#~ "rustup update\n"
|
|
#~ "rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
|
|
#~ "rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```bash\n"
|
|
#~ "xcode-select --install\n"
|
|
#~ "brew install gdb picocom qemu\n"
|
|
#~ "brew install --cask gcc-aarch64-embedded\n"
|
|
#~ "rustup update\n"
|
|
#~ "rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
|
|
#~ "rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate alloc;\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use alloc::string::ToString;\n"
|
|
#~ "use alloc::vec::Vec;\n"
|
|
#~ "use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[global_allocator]\n"
|
|
#~ "static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn entry() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called "
|
|
#~ "once.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n"
|
|
#~ " HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n"
|
|
#~ " .lock()\n"
|
|
#~ " .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate alloc;\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use alloc::string::ToString;\n"
|
|
#~ "use alloc::vec::Vec;\n"
|
|
#~ "use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[global_allocator]\n"
|
|
#~ "static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn entry() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called "
|
|
#~ "once.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n"
|
|
#~ " HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n"
|
|
#~ " .lock()\n"
|
|
#~ " .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Ahora podemos hacer cosas que requieran asignación de _heap_.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "SWD"
|
|
#~ msgstr "SWD"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "GDB stub and Microsoft "
|
|
#~ msgstr "GDB stub y el servidor "
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "DAP"
|
|
#~ msgstr "DAP"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid " server"
|
|
#~ msgstr " de Microsoft"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`cargo-embed` es un subcomando de Cargo para compilar e instalar "
|
|
#~ "binarios, registrar salidas "
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "RTT"
|
|
#~ msgstr "TTR"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "HVC"
|
|
#~ msgstr "HVC"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid " to tell the firmware to power off the system:"
|
|
#~ msgstr " para decirle al firmware que apague el sistema:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo add thiserror\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo add thiserror\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n"
|
|
#~ "use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Error {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " BadResponse(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct CrawlCommand {\n"
|
|
#~ " url: Url,\n"
|
|
#~ " extract_links: bool,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> "
|
|
#~ "Result<Vec<Url>, Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n"
|
|
#~ " let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if !response.status().is_success() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " if !command.extract_links {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Ok(link_urls);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
|
|
#~ " let body_text = response.text()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let href_values = document\n"
|
|
#~ " .select(&selector)\n"
|
|
#~ " .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " for href in href_values {\n"
|
|
#~ " match base_url.join(href) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_url) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " link_urls.push(link_url);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: "
|
|
#~ "{err}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_urls)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let client = Client::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let crawl_command = CrawlCommand{ url: start_url, extract_links: "
|
|
#~ "true };\n"
|
|
#~ " match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n"
|
|
#~ "use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Error {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " BadResponse(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct CrawlCommand {\n"
|
|
#~ " url: Url,\n"
|
|
#~ " extract_links: bool,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> "
|
|
#~ "Result<Vec<Url>, Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n"
|
|
#~ " let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if !response.status().is_success() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " if !command.extract_links {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Ok(link_urls);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
|
|
#~ " let body_text = response.text()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let href_values = document\n"
|
|
#~ " .select(&selector)\n"
|
|
#~ " .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " for href in href_values {\n"
|
|
#~ " match base_url.join(href) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_url) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " link_urls.push(link_url);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: "
|
|
#~ "{err}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_urls)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let client = Client::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let crawl_command = CrawlCommand{ url: start_url, extract_links: "
|
|
#~ "true };\n"
|
|
#~ " match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo run\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```shell\n"
|
|
#~ "cargo run\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures::executor::block_on;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..=count {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Count is: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn async_main(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " count_to(count).await;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " block_on(async_main(10));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures::executor::block_on;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..=count {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Count is: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn async_main(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " count_to(count).await;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " block_on(async_main(10));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "When you await a future, all local variables (that would ordinarily be "
|
|
#~ "stored on a stack frame) are instead stored in the Future for the current "
|
|
#~ "async block. If your future has pointers to data on the stack, those "
|
|
#~ "pointers might get invalidated. This is unsafe."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Cuando esperas un futuro, todas las variables locales (que normalmente se "
|
|
#~ "almacenarían en un marco de pila) se almacenan en el futuro del bloque "
|
|
#~ "asíncrono. Si tu futuro tiene punteros en datos de la pila, podrían "
|
|
#~ "invalidarse. Es una acción insegura."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Therefore, you must guarantee that the addresses your future points to "
|
|
#~ "don't change. That is why we need to `pin` futures. Using the same future "
|
|
#~ "repeatedly in a `select!` often leads to issues with pinned values."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Por lo tanto, debes asegurarte de que las direcciones a las que apunta el "
|
|
#~ "futuro no cambien. Por ese motivo debemos fijar (`pin`) los futuros. Si "
|
|
#~ "se usa el mismo futuro varias veces en un `select!`, se suelen producir "
|
|
#~ "problemas en los valores fijados."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "En las páginas siguientes encontrarás las soluciones a los ejercicios."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on GitHub](https://github."
|
|
#~ "com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us know if you have a "
|
|
#~ "different or better solution than what is presented here."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "No dudes en hacer preguntas sobre las soluciones [en GitHub](https://"
|
|
#~ "github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Ponte en contacto con "
|
|
#~ "nosotros si tienes una solución distinta o mejor de la que se presenta "
|
|
#~ "aquí."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "**Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label` "
|
|
#~ "comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to "
|
|
#~ "re-use parts of the solutions as the exercises."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "**Nota:** Ignora los comentarios `// ANCHOR: label` y `// ANCHOR_END: "
|
|
#~ "label` que aparecen en las soluciones. Están ahí para que sea posible "
|
|
#~ "reutilizar algunas partes de las soluciones de los ejercicios."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1 Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 1: Ejercicios de la Mañana"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([Volver al ejercicio](for-loops.md))"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Bonus question"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Pregunta extra"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a "
|
|
#~ "slice-of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus "
|
|
#~ "make our function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks "
|
|
#~ "down: the return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the "
|
|
#~ "data you return."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Requiere conceptos más avanzados. Es posible que parezca que se puede "
|
|
#~ "utilizar un slice de slices (`&[&[i32]]`) como tipo de entrada para hacer "
|
|
#~ "una trasposición y así lograr que nuestra función controle cualquier "
|
|
#~ "tamaño de matriz. Sin embargo, esto se viene abajo rápidamente: el tipo "
|
|
#~ "de resultado devuelto no puede ser `&[&[i32]]`, ya que necesita ser el "
|
|
#~ "propietario de los datos que devuelve."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can attempt to use something like `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, but this doesn't "
|
|
#~ "work out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec<Vec<i32>>` to "
|
|
#~ "`&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puedes probar a utilizar algo como `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, pero esto tampoco "
|
|
#~ "funciona desde el principio: es difícil cambiar de `Vec<Vec<i32>>` a "
|
|
#~ "`&[&[i32]]`, por lo que tampoco puedes usar `pretty_print` de forma "
|
|
#~ "sencilla."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::"
|
|
#~ "convert::AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html) "
|
|
#~ "trait to abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Una vez que veamos los traits y los genéricos, podremos usar el trait "
|
|
#~ "[`std::convert::AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef."
|
|
#~ "html) para abstraer cualquier elemento que se pueda referenciar, como un "
|
|
#~ "slice."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are "
|
|
#~ "of the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Además, el propio tipo no requeriría que los slices secundarios fueran de "
|
|
#~ "la misma longitud, por lo que dicha variable podría contener una matriz "
|
|
#~ "no válida."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 1: Ejercicios de la Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([volver al ejercicio](luhn.md))"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Pattern matching"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Correspondencia de Patrones"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2 Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 2: Ejercicios de la Mañana"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Designing a Library"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Diseñando una Librería"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([volver al ejercicio](book-library.md))"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([volver al ejercicio](strings-iterators.md))"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3 Morning Exercise"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 3: Ejercicios de la mañana"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([volver al ejercicio](simple-gui.md))"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 3: Ejercicios de la Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([volver al ejercicio](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Extra Work in Modern C++"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Trabajo adicional en C++ moderno"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[WebsocketStream::next()](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/"
|
|
#~ "tokio_websockets/proto/struct.WebsocketStream.html#method.next): for "
|
|
#~ "asynchronously reading messages from a Websocket Stream."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[WebsocketStream::next()](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/"
|
|
#~ "tokio_websockets/proto/struct.WebsocketStream.html#method.next): para la "
|
|
#~ "lectura asíncrona de mensajes de un flujo WebSocket."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Comparison"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Comparación"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "El curso es rápido y abarca muchos temas:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you "
|
|
#~ "choose, can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically "
|
|
#~ "reference counted."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dependiendo de la abstracción (o combinación de abstracciones) que "
|
|
#~ "elijas, puede ser un solo puntero único, de referencia contada, o de "
|
|
#~ "referencia atómica contada."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "A continuación, se muestra una comparación aproximada de las técnicas de "
|
|
#~ "gestión de la memoria."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ventajas de las diferentes técnicas de gestión de la memoria"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Manual like C:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Manual, como en C:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "No runtime overhead."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sin sobrecarga en _runtime_."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Automatic like Java:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Automática, como en Java:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Fully automatic."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Totalmente automática."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Safe and correct."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Segura y correcta."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Scope-based like C++:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Basada en el ámbito, como en C++:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Partially automatic."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Parcialmente automática."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Basada en el ámbito e implementada por el compilador, como en Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Enforced by compiler."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Implementada por el compilador."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Inconvenientes de las diferentes técnicas de gestión de la memoria"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Use-after-free."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Errores use-after-free."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Double-frees."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Errores double free."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Memory leaks."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Pérdidas de memoria."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Garbage collection pauses."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Pausas en la recolección de memoria residual."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Destructor delays."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Retrasos del destructor."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Complex, opt-in by programmer (on C++)."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Compleja, habilitada por el programador (en C++)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Circular references can lead to memory leaks"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Las referencias circulares pueden provocar pérdidas de memoria."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Potential runtime overhead"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Posible sobrecarga en _runtime_ "
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Implementada por el compilador y basada en el ámbito, como en Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Some upfront complexity."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Cierta complejidad inicial."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Can reject valid programs."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Puede rechazar programas válidos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Simple struct which tracks health statistics."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Estructura simple que hace un seguimiento de las estadísticas de salud."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Varias estructuras y enumeraciones para una biblioteca de planos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 4 Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 4 Mañana"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "On Day 4, we will cover Android-specific things such as:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "En el Día 4, cubriremos cosas específicas a Android como:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "AIDL servers and clients."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Clientes y servidores AIDL. "
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Interoperabilidad con C, C++, y Java."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It is important to note that this course does not cover Android "
|
|
#~ "**application** development in Rust, and that the Android-specific parts "
|
|
#~ "are specifically about writing code for Android itself, the operating "
|
|
#~ "system. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Es importante destacar que este curso no cubre desarrollo de "
|
|
#~ "**aplicaciones** Android en Rust, y que las partes específicas a Android "
|
|
#~ "son acerca de escribir código para Android en sí, el sistema operativo. "
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Learn how to use async Rust --- we'll only mention async Rust when "
|
|
#~ "covering traditional concurrency primitives. Please see [Asynchronous "
|
|
#~ "Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) instead for "
|
|
#~ "details on this topic."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Aprender cómo usar Rust asincrónico —solo mencionaremos Rust async "
|
|
#~ "cuando cubramos las primitivas de concurrencia tradicional. Por favor ver "
|
|
#~ "[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-"
|
|
#~ "book/) para más detalles."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Día 1: Rust Básico, propiedad y chequeo de préstamos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 4: Concurrency in Rust and interoperability with other languages"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Día 4: Concurrencia en Rust e interoperatiblidad con otros lenguajes"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "**Exercise for Day 4:** Do you interface with some C/C++ code in your "
|
|
#~ "project which we could attempt to move to Rust? The fewer dependencies "
|
|
#~ "the better. Parsing code would be ideal."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "**Ejecicio del Día 4:** Comunicarte con alegan código C/C++ en tu "
|
|
#~ "proyecto que podrías migrar a Rust? Con menos dependencias es lo mejor. "
|
|
#~ "Parsear el código sería lo ideal."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Rustup (Recommended)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rustup (Recomendado)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can follow the instructions to install cargo and rust compiler, among "
|
|
#~ "other standard ecosystem tools with the [rustup](https://rustup.rs/) "
|
|
#~ "tool, which is maintained by the Rust Foundation."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puedes seguir las instrucciones para instalar cargo y el compilador de "
|
|
#~ "Rust, además de otras herramientas estándar con la herramienta [rustup]"
|
|
#~ "(https://rust-analyzer.github.io/), que es mantenida por la Fundación "
|
|
#~ "Rust."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Package Managers"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Package Managers"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " fizzbuzz_to(20); // Defined below, no forward declaration needed\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " fizzbuzz_to(20); // Definida abajo, no necesitas declararla antes\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // No return value means returning the unit "
|
|
#~ "type `()` match (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) { (true, "
|
|
#~ "true) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"), (true, false) => println!(\"fizz\"), "
|
|
#~ "(false, true) => println!(\"buzz\"), (false, false) => println!"
|
|
#~ "(\"{n}\"), } }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // No devolver valor implica devolver un "
|
|
#~ "tipo unit `()` match (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) "
|
|
#~ "{ (true, true) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"), (true, false) => println!"
|
|
#~ "(\"fizz\"), (false, true) => println!(\"buzz\"), (false, false) => "
|
|
#~ "println!(\"{n}\"), } }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) { // `-> ()` is normally omitted for i in 1..=n "
|
|
#~ "{ fizzbuzz(i); } }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) { // `-> ()` por lo general se omite for i in 1.."
|
|
#~ "=n { fizzbuzz(i); } }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The `match` expression in `fizzbuzz()` is doing a lot of work. It is "
|
|
#~ "expanded below to show what is happening."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Los `match` en `fizzbuzz()` hacen mucho. Se detalla debajo."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "(Type annotations added for clarity, but they can be elided.)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "(Las anotaciones dan claridad, pero se pueden omitir)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn pick_one<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n"
|
|
#~ " if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn elegir_uno<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n"
|
|
#~ " if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```\n"
|
|
#~ "print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n"
|
|
#~ "for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "println!();\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```\n"
|
|
#~ "print!(\"Iterando sobre el rango:\");\n"
|
|
#~ "for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "println!();\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Note that since `println!` is a macro, `x` is not moved, even using the "
|
|
#~ "function like syntax of `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Nota que a partir que `println!` es una macro, `x` no se mueve, incluso "
|
|
#~ "usando una función como `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Global state is managed with static and constant variables."
|
|
#~ msgstr "El estado global es manejado con variables estáticas y constantes."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You can declare compile-time constants:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Puedes declarar constantes en tiempo de compilación:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() { let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\"); println!(\"Digest: "
|
|
#~ "{digest:?}\"); }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() { let digest = compute_digest(\"Hola\"); println!(\"Digest: "
|
|
#~ "{digest:?}\"); }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You can also declare static variables:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "También puedes declarar variables estáticas:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will look at mutating static data in the [chapter on Unsafe Rust](../"
|
|
#~ "unsafe.md)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Veremos cambiar datos estáticos en el [capítulo Rust No Seguro](../unsafe."
|
|
#~ "md)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Potential for use-after-free."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Potencial de use-after-free."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The data was _moved_ from `s1` and `s1` is no longer accessible."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Los datos se mueven de `s1` y `s2` si no se accede más."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() { let p1 = Point(3, 4); let p2 = Point(10, 20); let p3 = "
|
|
#~ "add(&p1, &p2); println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0); println!(\"{p1:?} + "
|
|
#~ "{p2:?} = {p3:?}\"); }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() { let p1 = Point(3, 4); let p2 = Point(10, 20); let p3 = "
|
|
#~ "add(&p1, &p2); println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0); println!(\"{p1:?} + "
|
|
#~ "{p2:?} = {p3:?}\"); }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "A small book library,"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Un pequeño libro de biblioteca,"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Iterators and ownership (hard)."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Iteradores y propiedad (difícil)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Book { // This is a constructor, used below. fn new(title: &str, "
|
|
#~ "year: u16) -> Book { Book { title: String::from(title), year, } } }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Book { // Este es el constructor, usado debajo. fn new(title: &str, "
|
|
#~ "year: u16) -> Book { Book { title: String::from(title), year, } } }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}. impl std::fmt::"
|
|
#~ "Display for Book { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter\\<'\\_\\>) -"
|
|
#~ "> std::fmt::Result { write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year) } }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// Esto hace posible imprimir valores del libro con {}. impl std::fmt::"
|
|
#~ "Display for Book { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter\\<'\\_\\>) -"
|
|
#~ "> std::fmt::Result { write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year) } }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and // "
|
|
#~ "implement the missing methods. You will need to update the // method "
|
|
#~ "signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may // also need to "
|
|
#~ "update the variable bindings within main. fn main() { let library = "
|
|
#~ "Library::new();"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// Esto muestra el estado deseado. Descomenta el código debajo e // "
|
|
#~ "implementa el método que falta. Puedes necesitar actualizar el // signo "
|
|
#~ "del método, incluyendo el parámetro \"self\". También fn main() { let "
|
|
#~ "library = Library::new();"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Person { fn say_hello(&self) { println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", "
|
|
#~ "self.name); } }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Person { fn say_hello(&self) { println!(\"Hola, mi nombre es {}\", "
|
|
#~ "self.name); } }"
|